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Functional Analysis of Food Components to Prevent Vascular

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Functional Analysis of Food Components to Prevent Vascular Impact Objectives • Analyse the effects of food ingredients on the living body at the genetic, cellular, tissue and individual human level to develop foods with new functions • Elucidate the structure and function of biological components of animals, plants and microorganisms at the molecular level and develop useful and new biomaterials using cells and microorganisms • Engage with producers and promote joint development with companies based on the results of this research Investigating food ingredients Dr Katsuko Kajiya is interested in the Sakurajima radish and how it can benefit the human body. Her research is both helping human health and has knock-on benefits for agriculture Can you talk about I soon realised that no matter how many What are some of the knowledge gaps that your research research results of preventive medicine you are hoping your research will fill? background? I can summarise and publish as basic research, if it does not reach the people who Our research on the Sakurajima radish, the I wanted to are actually suffering from cardiovascular world’s largest radish listed in the Guinness become a dietitian disease and those who are at risk, this World Records, has highlighted the benefits so I entered into research will be futile. This motivated me of the leaves to human health. This part a university, and acquired a Japanese to transfer to the Faculty of Agriculture, of the plant normally goes to waste, but National Qualification (Registered Kagoshima University in 2013. Here, in now the results of our research have been Dietitian). However, when I was studying addition to the basic research that I have commercialised as part of the utilisation my graduation thesis, I learned that the food conducted so far, I started engaging with of unused resources. This has meant that that we eat has the power to protect our producers and promoting joint development producers of the radish have been able to health (for example antibacterial activity and with companies based on the results of this increase their income sources as the leaves antioxidant activity) rather than just satisfy research, which also involves the creation of are no longer disposed of into industrial our stomachs, and I became fascinated in new industries and regional development. waste. researching this topic to clarify the truth scientifically myself. What type of research is underway in Are you collaborating with any academic the Department of Food Science & institutions or industry? In addition, I wanted to know more about Biotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, the bioregulatory functions of food and Kagoshima University? Our laboratory is highly specialised in acquire more knowledge in analytical experiments at the genetic, molecular, technology so I went to graduate school. In order to enrich peoples’ lives, improve cell and tissue level, but we don’t perform My first job was at Yamaguchi University their health and provide safer foods, we animal experiments, so we conduct School of Medicine, where I worked for analyse the effects of food ingredients on collaborative research. In addition, human about 10 years from 2004 to 2013. While the living body at the genetic, cellular and clinical trials are conducted in collaboration I was teaching about the digestive system individual animal level to develop foods with our neighbouring hospitals because of as the food path, I was conducting my with new functions. In addition, we are the need for medical practice such as blood research on the preventative medicine of elucidating the structure and function of sampling. To widely disseminate the results cardiovascular diseases. The reason for biological components of animals, plants of these studies as an industry, we also making cardiovascular diseases the subject and microorganisms, such as proteins, collaborate with public facilities and related is that it is the kind of disease that can be polysaccharides, and physiologically active companies. Although we can perform basic prevented by proper diet. Lifestyle related substances at the molecular level, as well research by ourselves, in order to apply this diseases such as obesity and hypertension, as developing useful and new biomaterials it is essential to collaborate with others. l which are the risk factors for cardiovascular using cells and microorganisms. disease can be controlled to some extent by proper diet, and I believe that dietary prevention is an effective means. 42 www.impact.pub Food for thought At the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Nutritional Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University in Japan, research is underway to better understand how certain food compounds can benefit human health It’s no secret that nutrition plays an physiological functions of certain food radish’s leaves, the researchers decided it important role in health, but how exactly do ingredients. might be beneficial to also look into this part the compounds in different foods correlate of the vegetable. ‘Our original target was to human health? Hippocrates said: ‘Let One item that is of particular interest to only the roots which we often eat. However, food be thy medicine and medicine be thy the researchers is the Sakurajima radish, since one of the characteristic features of food’, which hints at the potential medicinal a special cultivar of the Japanese radish Sakurajima radish is the fact that the leaves benefits of food. Researchers across the globe whose name comes from its original place are large and grows to over 1 m in size, we are working to identify different nutritional of cultivation; the island of Sakurajima in thought that it would also be good to utilise components in daily food and how they affect Japan’s Kagoshima Prefecture. Sakurajima the leaves,’ explains Kajiya. ‘We found that human health. is one of Japan’s most active volcanoes not only the roots but also the leaves contain and the symbol of Kagoshima Prefecture. trigonelline, which can improve the vascular A Japan-based team of scientists is delving ‘The volcano smokes constantly, and minor function.’ Discovering that the leaves can into the disease prevention potential of eruptions often take place multiple times also be beneficial for cardiovascular health certain foods, with a focus on one item per day,’ notes Kajiya. ‘Located in the middle was an important discovery as the radish’s in particular, and how it could have a of Kagoshima Bay, Sakurajima is the area’s leaves are often discarded. Thanks to this beneficial impact on heart health, specifically most prominent geographic feature, having finding, the leaves are being put to use. ‘So Our research has resulted in increased production of Sakurajima radish, development of new processed products and increased profits cardiovascular health. Given that vascular an elevation of 1117 m and a circumference far, the leaves that were treated as waste have diseases are the leading cause of death of about 50 km.’ The team reports that the become the ingredients for pickles, sprinkles, worldwide, the importance of this work Sakurajima radish cultivated in this special vegetable tea, powder and confectionary,’ cannot be underestimated. soil has the potential to improve vascular Kajiya continues. function, and the researchers are working At the Faculty of Agriculture, Department to elucidate its mechanism of action at In order to confirm the heart health benefits of Food and Life Sciences, Kagoshima the molecular level, and clarify its effect on of the Sakurajima radish, the team exposed University, Japan, Dr Katsuko Kajiya and humans in a clinical study. human and pig vascular endothelial cells her team are delving into the bioregulatory to extracts from this and smaller radishes. functions of agricultural products and INTRODUCING TRIGONELLINE There are clear visible differences between how they can be beneficial to health. The The researchers originally sought to explore the Sakurajima radish and other, smaller researchers are working to scientifically the roots of the Sakurajima radish, which is radishes. ‘Both the roots and leaves of elucidate the function of foods, looking at the part of the radish that is usually eaten. Sakurajima radish have completely different the disease prevention mechanisms and However, owing to the large size of the morphology and components from the www.impact.pub 43 common radish,’ Kajiya outlines. ‘The roots EXCITING FUTURE PLANS are rounded with a bulge-like appearance, The researchers are keen to develop Project Insights and it has no pungency with a pear-like a technology for producing functional texture when eaten raw.’ In this research, vegetables that are rich in trigonelline by FUNDING the team found that the differences extend performing hydroponic cultivation using a • JSPS KAKENHI (#17K07795, #20H02936) much deeper than what’s on the surface. fully artificial light type plant factory instead • Public Foundation Yonemori- seishinikuseikai The researchers found that the Sakurajima of soil cultivation. ‘Since trigonelline exists • Adaptable and Seamless Technology radish induced much greater nitric oxide more in true leaves than in hypocotyls, it is transfer Program through (NO) production than the smaller radishes. necessary to establish culture conditions to Target-driven R&D (A-STEP) from Japan ‘This is important as a key regulator of grow the leaves, improve the germination Science and Technology Agency coronary blood vessel function,’ says Kajiya. rate (select good seeds) and examine (JST) #JPMJTM19GP ‘In addition, we identified the presence of the conditions for seed coat shedding,’ a phytochemical called trigonelline, which explains Kajiya. ‘Our goal is to construct a COLLABORATORS • Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for seems to increase changes in blood vessels germination management system through Agricultural Development that increase the production of NO.’ This priming treatment (a seed treatment method • Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research work therefore highlighted the potential of to enhance germination) and adjusting the Center/NARO Sakurajima Daikon as a functional food that temperature, humidity and light.’ • NIPPON GAS Co., Ltd. may improve vascular endothelial function. • Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
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