Fonds Fourier Et Considérant (1796-1899)

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Fonds Fourier Et Considérant (1796-1899) Fonds Fourier et Considérant (1796-1899) Inventaire de la sous-série 10 AS (10AS/1-10AS/42) Par É. Thomas. Introduction et bibliographie par F. Hildesheimer Archives nationales (France) Pierrefitte-sur-Seine 1991 1 https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/IR/FRAN_IR_024158 Cet instrument de recherche a été encodé en 2011 par l'entreprise Diadeis dans le cadre du chantier de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales sur la base d'une DTD conforme à la DTD EAD (encoded archival description) et créée par le service de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales 2 Archives nationales (France) INTRODUCTION Référence 10AS/1-10AS/42 Niveau de description fonds Intitulé Fonds Fourier et Considérant Date(s) extrême(s) 1796-1899 Localisation physique Pierrefitte DESCRIPTION Présentation du contenu Le fonds se compose de trois grandes parties : manuscrits, papiers et correspondance de Fourier et Considérant, ensemble documentaire résultant des activités sociétaires. Sa consultation est, dans tous les cas, à compléter par celle des innombrables publications d'ouvrages, de brochures et de périodiques sociétaires. 10AS/1-25. Charles Fourier. 1796-1838. 10AS/26-29. Victor Considérant. 1798-1893. 10AS/30-42. École sociétaire. 1832-1899. HISTORIQUE DU PRODUCTEUR Charles Fourier est né à Besançon le 7 avril 1772 d'une famille de petits commerçants ; sa propre carrière professionnelle eut également pour cadre les activités du commerce que sa pensée déborda très largement. En 1808, il publiait son premier ouvrage, La théorie des quatre mouvements, première expression d'une pensée aussi tumultueuse que foisonnante qui trouva des échos dans l'opinion après 1830 et bénéficia alors d'un amalgame avec les idées saint- simoniennes. Les deux doctrines participent en effet à la construction doctrinale du socialisme utopique et l'oeuvre fouriériste fut sujette à lectures et interprétations partielles et divergentes de la part de ses disciples. "Tout debout parmi les grands visionnaires" (A. Breton), Fourier ne pouvait en effet guère marcher au pas du réel. Sa pensée s'articule autour de trois ouvrages principaux : la Théorie des quatre mouvements et des destinées générales. Prospectus et annonce de la découverte (1808), ouvrage déjà cité, le Traité de l'Association domestique agricole (1822) réédité sous le titre de Théorie de l'unité universelle, et Le nouveau monde industriel et sociétaire ou invention du procédé d'industrie attrayante et naturelle distribuée en séries passionnées (1829). Reprenant les théories de l'attraction universelle de Newton et celle, mathématique, des séries et les appliquant à l'organisation de la création, Fourier s'y emploie à en dégager les conséquences dans deux domaines essentiels : l'organisation économique et la psychologie (attraction humaine). Sa doctrine est diffusée par des publications périodiques : Le phalanstère à partir de 1832, devenu à compter du n° 15 La Réforme industrielle, La phalange (1836), La démocratie pacifique (1843). Elle tentera de s'incarner dans diverses réalisations pratiques, "phalanstères" ou "phalanges" plus ou moins éphémères : le seul essai projeté du vivant de Fourier, à Condé-sur- Vesgre en Seine-et-Oise (1832-1834), échoua faute de crédits ; les autres tentatives n'allèrent guère plus avant, qu'il s'agisse du "Commerce véridique et social" (Lyon, 1835-1838), de la "Colonie sociétaire de Cîteaux" (1840-1844), de l'"Union agricole de Saint-Denis-du-Sig" en Algérie (1846), de la "Société de colonisation au Texas" (1850-1860), enfin du familistère de Guise (1867-1878). 3 Archives nationales (France) Fourier meurt, le 9 octobre 1837, mais dès 1836 la direction de l'École sociétaire était passée à Victor Considérant qui récupère sa pensée et la transforme notablement. Comme l'a noté Marx, ses disciples "orthodoxes" "sont exactement les antipodes de Fourier, des bourgeois doctrinaires". Ils réduisent la théorie à ses composantes sociales et économiques, passant sous silence les aspects universels d'un système quasiment libertaire, basé sur le jeu infini et mathématique de l'attraction passionnelle. Né à Salins (Jura), le 12 octobre 1808, Victor Considérant, polytechnicien, était capitaine du génie. En 1831, séduit par les idées de Fourier, il démissionne et devient l'un des plus ardents théoriciens sociétaires, participant activement à toutes les réalisations visant à diffuser et à mettre en pratique des théories auxquelles il resta fidèle jusqu'à sa mort. Au décès de Fourier, il devint le chef du mouvement. La Révolution de 1848 l'amena à jouer un rôle politique : déjà conseiller municipal de Paris, il fut élu député du Loiret à l'Assemblée constituante ; réélu à la Législative par le département de la Seine, il fut l'un des députés qui, le 13 juin 1849, tenta d'établir une Convention. Décrété d'accusation, il fut condamné par contumace à la déportation. Réfugié à Bruxelles, il se consacra à la tentative de création de colonie au Texas ; l'échec le ramena à Bruxelles et il ne rentra à Paris qu'en août 1869 pour se tenir désormais à l'écart de toute action politique directe. Figure emblématique et pittoresque d'un mouvement devenu folklorique, il meurt le 27 décembre 1893. Ses principaux ouvrages sont Destinée sociale (1834-1844), Théorie de l'éducation naturelle et attrayante (1836), L'avenir, perspective d'un phalanstère ou palais sociétaire dédié à l'humanité (1841), Manifeste de l'École sociétaire fondée par Fourier ou Bases de la politique positive ; Principes du socialisme (1847), Le Socialisme devant le vieux monde (1849) et Le Vivant devant les morts (1849). Le coup d'État du 2 décembre 1851 avait porté un coup fatal au mouvement et à son organe La Démocratie pacifique. Malgré une tentative de réveil en 1886 avec la Ligue du Progrès social, et la publication de La Rénovation en 1888 sous l'impulsion d'Hippolyte Destrem, l'École sociétaire ne se survit plus guère que par un dîner mensuel et le banquet annuel du 7 avril, date anniversaire de la naissance du maître dont le buste préside à ces agapes. Au-delà de ce constat d'échec pratique de l'École sociétaire orthodoxe, la pensée de Fourier avait trouvé des échos en Roumanie (création d'un phalanstère en 1844), en Allemagne (Marx, Bebel), en Angleterre (Owen, Arthur Young), en Russie (Herzen, Polochine, Petrachevski) et aux États-Unis (A. Brisbane) ; elle inspira largement tout le mouvement coopératif et se mêla à diverses écoles de pensée athées ou mystiques, du socialisme russe à la psychanalyse et à la philosophie de Marcuse ... ENTREE ET CONSERVATION Modalités d'entrée Don de Jeanne Bouglé, 1949. Historique de la conservation Fourier avait légué ses papiers à Considérant ; à son tour, celui-ci fit de son neveu, M. Klein, directeur de l'École supérieure des Ponts-et-Chaussées, son héritier. En 1925, à la retraite de ce dernier, les papiers furent transférés à l'École normale supérieure et conservés au Centre de documentation sociale qu'y avait fondé C. Bouglé ; celui-ci en commença le classement. Déposé pendant la seconde guerre mondiale à la Bibliothèque de documentation internationale contemporaine (rue du Bac), le fonds fut versé aux Archives nationales en 1949. Le classement et l'inventaire publié ci-après en furent alors réalisés par Édith Thomas. SOURCES ET REFERENCES Bibliographie • OEuvres de Charles Fourier • OEuvres complètes, 6 vol., Paris, 1841-1845. • Réédition par S. Debout-Oleszkiewicz, 12 vol., Paris, 1966-1968. • OEuvres de Victor Considérant • Il n'en existe pas d'édition moderne. Se reporter au Catalogue général des livres imprimés de la Bibliothèque 4 Archives nationales (France) nationale, t. XXXI, Paris, 1907, col. 679-687 et à la biographie de M. Dommanget, citée infra. • Ouvrages sociétaires • Se reporter aux bibliographies suivantes : • J. Stammhammer, Bibliographie des Socialismus und Communismus, Iéna, 1893-1909. • G. Del Bo, Charles Fourier e la Scuola societaria nella raccolta della Biblioteca dell'Istituto G.G. Feltrinelli, Milan, 1957. • A. Gerits, Additions and corrections to Giuseppe Del Bo bibliography ..., Hilversum, 1983. • Voir également les périodiques sociétaires : • Le Phalanstère • La Réforme industrielle • La Phalange • La Démocratie pacifique • Bulletin de la Société de colonisation européo-américaine au Texas • Bulletin du Mouvement sociétaire en Europe et en Amérique • La Rénovation • Revue des Sciences sociales. • Biographies et études • Ouvrages de référence et travaux récents classés par ordre alphabétique des auteurs et suivis des travaux collectifs • Alhaiza (A.), Historique de l'École sociétaire fondée par Charles Fourier, suivi d'un résumé de la doctrine fouriériste ..., Paris, 1894. • Armand (F.), Les fouriéristes et les luttes révolutionnaires de 1848 à 1851 (Centenaire de la Révolution de 1848), Paris, 1948. • Armand (F.) et Maublanc (R.), Fourier, Paris, 1937. • Barthes (R.), Sade, Fourier, Loyola, Paris, 1971. • Bebel (A.), Charles Fourier. Sein Leben und seine Theorien, Leipzig, 1978. • Beecher (J.), Charles Fourier : the Visionary and his World, Berkeley, 1986. • Beecher (J.), Bienvenu (R.), The utopian Vision of Charles Fourier. Selected Texts on Work, Love and passionate Attraction, Boston, 1971. • Behrens (G.), Die soziale Utopie des Charles Fourier, Cologne, 1977. • Bourgin (H.), Étude sur les sources de Fourier, Paris, 1905. • Bourgin (H.), Fourier. Contribution à l'étude du socialisme français, Paris, 1905. • Bourgin (H.), "La pédagogie de Fourier", dans Revue internationale de l'Enseignement,
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