Igor Tolstokulakov. Russia's Policy Toward the Korean Peninsula
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FAR EASTERN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF KOREAN – RUSSIAN RELATIONS: IN SEARCH OF TRILATERAL COOPERATION IN NORTHEAST ASIA Monograph Edited by Sergei Sevastianov and Ik Joong Youn This publication has been sponsored by the Korea Foundation (Policy-Oriented Research Program 2017) Vladivostok 2018 UDC 327(470:5-11) LBC 66.4(2Рос),9(55) Т44 Title of the Project “A Multi-Level and International Study on the Development of Korean – Russian Relations and the Formation of New Order in Northeast Asia: In Search of Mini-lateralism” The Future Development of Korean – Russian Relations: T44 in Search of Trilateral Cooperation in Northeast Asia : mono- graph / ed. by Sergei Sevastianov and Ik Joong Youn. – Vladivos- tok : Publishing House of the Far Eastern Federal University, 2018. – 182 p. ISBN 978-5-7444-4253-8. This collective monograph is a result of collaboration between ex- perts from Russia, Republic of Korea, Japan and other countries in the study of Russia-South Korea and Russia – Japan bilateral relations within the framework of regional cooperation in Northeast Asia. It was modi- fied and supplemented based on the results of the international conference arranged at the Akita International University in Japan on January 23, 2018.In this volume the authors analyzed current status of ROK-RF rela- tions and attempted to link their future improvement with the recent posi- tive changes in RF-Japanese ties and development of ROK-RF-Japan’s Trilateral cooperation (mini-lateralism) in Northeast Asia, covering in their chapters such various aspects as politics, history, security, econom- ics, trade, etc. UDC 327(470:5-11) LBC 66.4(2Рос),9(55) ISBN 978-5-7444-4253-8 © Far Eastern Federal University, 2018 CONTENTS PREFACE ................................................................................................................ 4 Section I. CRITICS FOR EXISTING PROBLEMS OF ROK-RF RELATIONS ..................................................................................... 7 Suh Dong-Joo. CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES OF ROK-RF RELATIONS: THE NORTH KOREAN NUCLEAR ISSUE & THAAD ............... 7 Igor Tolstokulakov. RUSSIA’S POLICY TOWARD THE KOREAN PENINSULA: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES .................. 28 Sung-kyu Lee. CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR INCREASING SOUTH KOREA-RUSSIA ECONOMIC AND ENERGY COOPERATION ........................................................................ 42 Marina Kukla. KOREA’S TRADE IMBALANCE WITH RUSSIA: WHAT DO WE LEARN FROM IT? .................................................................... 56 Section II. RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSO-JAPANESE / RUSSO- ROK RELATIONS FOR THE FUTURE TRILATERAL COOPERATION ... 72 Artyom Lukin. RUSSIA-JAPAN AND RUSSIA-KOREA RELATIONS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ...................................................... 72 Tetsuya Toyoda. THE NORTH KOREA FACTOR IN RUSSO-JAPANESE RELATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR A TRILATERAL COOPERATION ...................................................................... 87 Paul B. Richardson. FOREVER TURNING TO ASIA: RUSSIA’S DEVELOPMENT, DESTINY AND FAR EASTERN NEIGHBOURS ........................................................................ 101 James D.J. Brown. JAPANESE AND SOUTH KOREAN RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA SINCE 2014 ...................................................... 117 Sergei Sevastianov. RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN RUSSIA- JAPAN RELATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR RF – ROK TIES AND FOR NORTHEAST ASIA REGIONALISM ............................................. 135 Seiko Mimaki. EAST ASIAN HISTORY PROBLEMS IN THE AGE OF HISTORICAL JUSTICE ........................................................ 151 Beom Shik SHIN. TRILATERAL RELATIONS AND REGIONAL COOPERATION IN NORTHEAST ASIA: FOCUSING ON RUSSIA-JAPAN-SOUTH KOREA RELATIONS ....................................... 166 PREFACE This volume is a final result of 2017 policy-oriented research project for ROK-RF relations funded by Korea Foundation for the better devel- opment of their bilateral relations within the framework of regional coop- eration in Northeast Asia, entitled ‘A Multi-level and International Study on the Development of ROK-RF Relations and the Formation of New Re- gional Order in Northeast Asia: In Search of New Paradigm for Bilateral and Regional Cooperation in Northeast Asia’. In principle, this project has been jointly carried out by Far Eastern Federal University, Russia and Seoul National University Asia Center, Ko- rea. However, more organizations, such as Institute of Russian Studies, Hallym University, Korea and Institute for Asian Studies and Regional Col- laboration, Akita International University, have been involved in this project. A policy-oriented research project for ROK-RF relations funded by Korea Foundation had been started between Far Eastern Federal Universi- ty, Russia and Hallym University of Graduate Studies, Korea from 2016. The title for 2016 project was ‘New Developments of RF-North Korean Relations within the Context of RF-Chinese cooperation in Northeast Asia: from the Perspectives of Vladivostok and Seoul’. The main purpose of the 2016 project was to see how South Korea’s non–Russian experts looked at the development of the ROK-RF relationship and the reaction of the Rus- sia’s experts on Korean affairs to it. This was a new attempt to develop their bilateral relations. As has been well known, most of the seminars on the development of relations between ROK and RF since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1990 were discussed between Korean experts on Russian affairs and Russian experts on Korean affairs. Although there was no concrete result of the seminar, it was evaluated as meaningful in terms of new experiment. The 2017 KF project continued with new experiments on future ROK-RF relationship development. It tried to link the future development of the ROK-RF relationship with the development of RF-Japanese rela- tions and ultimately attempted the possibility of regional cooperation in Northeast Asia in a new way. In addition, the 2017 project sought to dis- 4 Preface cuss new perspectives on the development of ROK-RF relations by draw- ing the participation of Russian experts from various countries such as Ja- pan, Great Britain, United States, and Germany. The ultimate goal for 2017 project sought to discuss a new future ROK-RF relations based on ROK-RF-Japan’s Trilateral cooperation (mini-lateralism) in Northeast Asia. The reason for pursuing this goal is due to the limitation of develop- ment of bilateral relations and the absence of multilateral cooperation sys- tem in Northeast Asia region in the 21st century. Therefore, the future de- velopment of ROK-RF relations should be something new and different from existing methods. For this purpose, the 2017 KF International Seminar was held at the Akita International University in Japan on January 23, 2018 with the inter- est and cooperation of Institute for Asian Studies and Regional Collabora- tion, Akita International University. This was a historic seminar entitled, ‘The Future Development of ROK-RF Relations: In Search of Trilateral Cooperation in Northeast Asia’, where the seminar on the development of ROK-RF relations was held for the first time outside Korea and Russia. In the first session, Korean experts from Russia and Russian experts from Korea deeply analyzed and criticized major problems of their bilat- eral relations for the future development. This session was chaired by Pro- fessor Kimitaka Matsuzato of the University of Tokyo, Japan. The discus- sions for the session were carried out by scholars from Great Britain and the United States. In the second session, experts on Russian-Japanese rela- tions from Russia, Japan, and Great Britain sought to discuss the possibil- ity of trilateral cooperation that links Russian-Japanese relations with ROK-RF relations. In other words, the 2017 KF International Seminar has encouraged Western and Russian experts on Russian-Japanese relations to be more interested in the development of ROK-RF relations. In the third session, we sought to explore new cooperation on the development of rela- tions among ROK, RF and Japan from the perspective of new regional co- operation in Northeast Asia. Dr. Seliger (Hanns Seidel Stiftung, Germany) who has significant experience in Europe's regional integration and North- east Asian situation including the Korean peninsula played a role as chairman for the session. 5 Preface This monograph was modified and supplemented based on the results of the 2017 KF international seminar mentioned above. As a project man- ager, we would like to express our gratitude to all those who have cooper- ated and assisted in the implementation of this project. Above all, our spe- cial thanks go to Professor Tetsuya Toyoda of Akita International Univer- sity for his interest and cooperation in this project's international seminar. 2017 KF International seminar would have been impossible without his in- terest and cooperation. We also would like to thank Professor Beom-Shik Shin (research associate for this project) and Mr Jong-yo Park (research assistant for this project) who participated in this project. Finally, we are also deeply grateful to the scholars who participated in the Akita Interna- tional Seminar and wrote valuable articles for this monograph as a result of this project. We conclude this preface with emphasis on the need to continuously develop new forms of bilateral relations and multilateral regional coopera- tion in Northeast