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Livro 1.Indb C revista brasileira de estudos clássicos la s s l C a v. 29 n. 2 2016 CLASSICA. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos [ISSN 01034316 / ISSN 21766436] Caixa Postal 905, 30161970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil http://revista.classica.org.br email: [email protected] publicada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos desde 1988 SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ESTUDOS CLÁSSICOS CONSELHO EDITORIAL Diretoria (20162017) Tatiana Oliveira Ribeiro, UFRJ Paulo Martins, USP (Presidente) Adriane Silva Duarte, USP (20162019) Tatiana Oliveira Ribeiro, UFRJ (Vicepresidente) Alessandro Rolin deMoura, UFPR (20132016) Vagner Cavalheiro Porto, USP (Secretário Geral) Fábio Faversani, UFOP (20162019) Alexandre Pinheiro Hasegawa, USP (Secretário Adjunto) Fábio Vergara Cerqueira, UFPEL (20132016) Mary Macedo de Camargo Neves Lafer, USP (Tesoureira) Gabriele Cornelli, UnB (20132016) Norberto Luiz Guarinello, USP (Tesoureiro Adjunto) Henrique Fortuna Cairus, UFRJ (20162019) José Geraldo Costa Grillo, UNIFESP (20132016) CONSULTORES INTERNACIONAIS Kátia Maria Paim Pozzer, ULBRA (20162019) Ana María González de Tobia (UNLP, Argentina) Maria Cecília de Miranda N. Coelho, UFMG (20132016) Carlos Levy (Université Paris IV, França) Paulo Martins, USP (20132016) Daniel Rinaldi (Universidad de la República, Uruguai) Paulo Sérgio de Vasconcellos, UNICAMP (20162019) David Konstan (New York University, EUA) Renata Senna Garraffoni, UFPR (20132016) Francisco São José Oliveira (U. de Coimbra, Portugal) Teodoro Rennó Assunção, UFMG (20162019) José Remesal Rodríguez (U. de Barcelona, Espanha) Maria de Fátima Sousa e Silva (U. de Coimbra, Portugal) Martin Dinter (King’s College London, Reino Unido) Paulo Butti de Lima (U. degli Studi di Bari, Itália) Philippe Rousseau (Université Lille 3, França) Sergio Casali (Università di Roma II, Itália) Silvia Milanezi (Université de Nantes, França) EDITOR EDITORAÇÃO: Alda Lopes Jacyntho Lins Brandão (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais) COEDITOR Tatiana Oliveira Ribeiro (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro) Classica foi publicada anualmente de 1988 a 1991 e bienalmente de 1992 a 2005; em janeiro de 2006 a periodicidade tornouse semestral. Classica ISSN 01034316 é distribuída gratuitamente aos sócios da SBEC. Informações sobre fi liação à entidade e vendas avulsas estão disponíveis nas páginas da Classica on line (ISSN 21766436): http://revista.classica.org.br. A Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos não se responsabiliza pelas opiniões expressas pelos autores nem pelo uso indevido de quaisquer elementos presentes em artigos assinados. É responsabilidade dos autores obter previamente as autorizações necessárias para a reprodução de imagens, trechos longos de obras publicadas e outros itens protegidos por copyright. Classica : revista brasileira de estudos clássicos / Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos. — v.1 (1988)v.4 (1991) ; v.5 (1992)v.18 (2005) ; v.19 (2006) . — Belo Horizonte : SBEC, 19882005 ; 2006 Anual: 19881991 ; bienal 19922005 ; semestral: 2006 ISSN 01034316 I. Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos. Indexada em L’Année Philologique . Abreviatura: Classica (Brasil). UC Impactum. Classica Revista Brasileira de Estudos Clássicos Este trabalho está licencido sob uma Licença Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 SUMÁRIO Classica 29, 2, 2016 Artigos Gyges e a tirania do anel: análise da passagem 359b362c da República de Platão Gyges and Tyranny of the Ring: analysis of the passage 359b362c of Plato’s Republic Luiz Maurício Bentim da Rocha Menezes . 7 Defensa de Palamedes de Gorgias: pluralidades del yo que enuncia en la etopeya gorgiana Defense of Palamedes by Gorgias: pluralities of the “i” enunciator in the gorgian ethopoeia Ivana Selene Chialva . 21 El fragmento 48 del Protréptico de Aristóteles a la luz de Sobre las Ideas: ¿Vocabulario platónico o concepciones platónicas? The fragment 48 of Aristotle’s Protrepticus in the light of On Ideas: Platonic vocabulary or platonic conceptions? Claudia Seggiaro . 33 Arte allusiva : a representação de Medeia na Argonáutica de Apolônio de Rodes e nas Metamorfoses Arte allusiva : Medea’s representation in Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica and in Ovid’s Metamorphosis Fábio Gerônimo Mota Diniz . 55 Ordinatio: the vitruvian concept as a generator of architectural design Ordinatio: o conceito vitruviano como gerador do projeto arquitetônico Leandro Manenti . 69 De rhetorica historiaque: un examen des rapports essentiels et functionnels entre les deux disciplines chez les rhéteurs grecs De rhetorica historiaque: a survey of the essential and functional relationships between these two fi elds in Greek rhetors Rui Miguel Duarte . 81 A infl uência dos aforismos sapienciais no mito cosmogônico do Ἱερὸ̋ Λόγο̋ hermético The Infl uence of the Sapiential Aphorisms in the Cosmogonic Myth of the Hermetic Ἱερὸ̋ Λόγο̋ David Pessoa de Lira . 99 O Apolônio de Tiana da biografi a escrita por Filóstrato e os sofi stas The Apollonius of Tyana from the biography written by Philostratus and the sophists Semíramis Corsi Silva . 119 Camponeses e esquecimento na Antiguidade Tardia: as revoltas dos bagaudas e dos circunceliões Peasants and forgetfulness in Late Antiquity: the rebellions of the Bagaudae and the Circumcellions Uiran Gebara da Silva . 145 Artigo de Revisão Uma visão periegemática sobre a écfrase A periegematic gaze on ekphrasis Paulo Martins . 163 Tradução O reinado de Galieno de acordo com Aurélio Vítor: comentário e tradução Aurelius Victor on the Reign of Gallienus: commentary and translation Moisés Antiqueira . 207 Resenha EIDINOW, Esther and KINDT, Julia (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Religion Nickolas Roubekas . 221 ARTIGOS Revista Classica , v. 29, n. 2, p. 720, 2016 7 GYGES E A TIRANIA DO ANEL: ANÁLISE DA PASSAGEM 359B362C DA REPÚBLICA DE PLATÃO Luiz Maurício Bentim da Rocha Menezes* * Professor de Filosofi a Antiga da Universidade do RESUMO: Gyges foi o primeiro tirano a reinar na Lídia pela casa Estado do Amapá (UEAP). Doutorando dos Mermnadas por volta do séc. VII a. C. Ele foi também o primeiro em Filosofi a pelo grande bárbaro com o qual os gregos estabeleceram contato. Em PPGLM/UFRJ. Platão, Gyges aparece ligado à narrativa de Gláucon no Livro II da lmbrmenezes@ República (359b360b), onde este conta os feitos daquele para se tornar o yahoo.com.br soberano da Lídia. Há uma difi culdade na passagem 359d que faz com que a identifi cação direta de Gyges com a narrativa de Gláucon seja prejudicada. Pretendemos através deste trabalho (I) apresentar algumas propostas de interpretação para a passagem, utilizando para isso não só o texto de Platão como as fontes líricas e históricas anteriores a ele; e (II) analisar a relação de Gyges com a tirania, perpassando pelo tema da justiça e da injustiça que são centrais na República . Com isso se pretende demonstrar que a narrativa de Gláucon é uma narrativa sobre a tirania, um problema importante para a fi losofi a política de Platão e que deverá ser resolvido por Sócrates. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: República de Platão; anel de Gyges; tirania; justiça; injustiça. GYGES AND TYRANNY OF THE RING: ANALYSIS OF THE PASSAGE 359B362C OF PLATO’S REPUBLIC ABSTRACT: Gyges was the fi rst tyrant, of the Mermnadae’s lineage, around the seventh century BC in Lydia. He was also the fi rst great barbarian to whom the Greeks made contact to. Gyges appear in Glaucon’s narrative in Book II of Plato’s Republic (359b-360b), which talks about his deeds to become the sovereign of Lydia. However, one diffi culty on the passage 359d, which makes a direct identifi cation of Gyges with the narrative, has been mistaken. This paper aims (I) to present some proposals to the passage mentioned using, not only Plato’s text, but the lyric and historical sources before him, and (II) to analyze Gyges’ relation with the tyranny, considering the theme of justice and injustice, which is central to the Republic itself. Thus, the paper intends to demonstrate that Glaucon’s narrative is one on tyranny, therefore, an important problem for Plato’s political philosophy which shall be solved by Socrates. KEYWORDS: Plato’s Republic ; Gyges’ Ring; Tyranny; Justice; Injustice. 8 Revista Classica , v. 29, n. 2, p. 720, 2016 yges é um nome conhecido da antiga Lídia, além de ser o principal personagem da linhagem dos Mermnadas. Sardis foi a principal cidade da Lídia e teve seu apogeu Gpolítico, cultural e econômico na era da dinastia Mermnadas entre os séculos VII e VI a.C. Os Mermnadas iniciaram seu governo com a subida de Gyges ao poder e o terminaram com a queda de Creso pelos persas. A partir de uma análise dos registros feitos pelos antigos sobre Gyges, pretendemos demonstrar seu caráter complexo, que fez com que se desenvolvessem diversas histórias a seu respeito, sendo a mais famosa aquela que conta a maneira como ele chegou ao poder. Sua fama percorreu o mundo grego infl uenciando tanto seus contemporâneos como aqueles que vieram posteriormente. FONTES SOBRE G YGES A lírica grega desenvolvida entre os séculos VII e VI deixou, nos fragmentos que nos restaram, um precioso tesouro a respeito de Gyges da Lídia. A primeira fonte que temos a seu respeito é de Arquíloco de Paros, que assim nos fala sobre ele: οὔ οι τὰ Γύγεω τοῦ πολυχρύσου έλει, οὐδ’ εἷλέ πώ ε ζῆλο̋, οὐδ’ ἀγαίοαι θεῶν ἔργα, εγάλη̋ δ’ οὐκ ἐρέω τυραννίδο̋ ἀπόπροθεν γάρ ἐστιν ὀφθαλῶν ἐῶν. Não me preocupam as coisas de Gyges, rico em ouro, Nem ainda me persegue a cobiça, nem invejo As obras dos deuses, ou amor pela grande tirania; Isto longe está dos meus olhos. (Fr. 19W) 1 Arquíloco, que viveu entre 680640 a.C., 2 foi contemporâneo de Gyges, que teria reinado entre 682644 a.C.3 Tal fragmento, dos que nos chegaram, além de ser o primeiro a tratar de Gyges, parece também ter sido o primeiro a utilizar no grego o termo “tirania”. Segundo Ure, a palavra tirania não é grega, mas pode ser de origem lídia (1922, p.134). Para Adrados, a palavra designa o poder absoluto dos monarcas orientais (1990a, nota 2, p. 54). De acordo com Euphorion (séc. III a.C.), Gyges foi o primeiro a ser chamado de tirano. 4 1 O fragmento foi retirado da edição de West (1971).
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