Basidiomycetes Phylum: Basidiomycota

Class: Basidiomycetes Class: Urediomycetes Class: Ustomycetes

Class: Basidiomycetes Class: Basidiomycetes

Basidia and basidiospores borne in The mushroom will be used as the basidiocarp. representative life cycle for the class.

Includes mushroom (=Agaricales). Pileus Classification of orders based on basidium, basidiocarp morphology and Lamella basidiospore dispersal. Í Basidiospores forcibly ejected from Stipe basidium, except Gasteromycetes Basidiospores (puff balls).

Class: Basidiomycetes Class: Basidiomycetes Germination of basidiospores forms monokaryon. Dikaryon is the mycelium that forms the basidiocarp. Thus, basidiocarp is Plasmogamy of monokaryons form dikaryotic. dikaryon. Only dikaryotic cells forming layer on Basidiospores edge and side of lamella, will form “-” Monokaryon basidia and basidiospores. Fertile layer is the hymenium. Clamp connection

“+” Monokaryon Dikaryon

1 Class: Basidiomycetes Class: Basidiomycetes Karyogamy occurs only in hymenial Zygote undergoes meiosis, immediately, cells to form zygote. following karyogamy. Basidiospres form on sterimata, basidiospores formation, nuclei migration.

Hymenium, in part Zygotes

Class: Basidiomycetes Class: Basidiomycetes

Clamp connections were present Clamp connections formation: in dikaryon in example given. Present in many species of Clamp formation begins Basidiomycetes. Elongation of hyphal tip Formation of clamp connection has a function. Migration of one nucleus into clamp

Class: Basidiomycetes Class: Basidiomycetes Clamp connections formation (Continued) Variation exist in the type of basidiocarp and basidia produced. Mitosis of both nuclei Variations not meaningful, with respect to phylogeny.

Pair of nuclei migrate Variations of basidiocarp, in the order: to hyphal tip Aphyllophorales. Ì Ï Formation of septa Fusion of clamp to adjacent cell

2 Order: Aphyllophorales Order: Aphyllophorales

Pycnoporous Ganoderma sanguineus, a applanatum, “bracket”fungus another , has pored example of hymenium. pored hymenium. Basidia and Also called the basidiospores artist fungus. borne in pores.

Order: Aphyllophorales Order: Aphyllophorales Ramaria fragilima, Laetiporous a coral fungus. sulphureus, Basidia and another basidiospores are species of borne on the tips pored of the basidiocarp. hymenium. “Spined” or “toothed” hymenium

Order: Agaricales Order: Agaricales

Amanita Amanita muscaria, marmorata, a a very distinctive mushroom, with mushroom. “gilled” hymenium

3 Order: Agaricales

Suillus salmonicolor is Class: Basidiomycetes also a member of the Gasteromycetes Agaricales, but has pores (Puff Balls) instead of gills.

Gasteromycetes Gasteromycetes

Lack hymenium Order: Lycoperdales Basidiospores not forcibly ejected from basidium. Various mechanisms evolved to disperse basidiospores.

Lycoperdon pyriforme

Gasteromycetes Gasteromycetes

Lycoperdon has a Another species in flexible peridium. Lycoperdales When pressure applied Geastrum tripex by small mammal or (Earth Star): raindrop, same dispersal basidiospores “puffed” mechanism as Lycoperdon. into air. Geastrum tripex

4 Gasteromycetes Gasteromycetes

Phallales (Stink Dictyophora Horns) cinnabarina, Aseroe Rubra : another Bright color and stinkhorn. foul odor attract flies. Aseroe rubra

Gasteromycetes Nidulariales Dispersal Mechanism Order: Rain drop Nidulariales (Birds Nest Fungi) Cyathus disperses its basidiospores, within the “eggs” of the fungus by a rain-drop splash mechanism.

Nidulariales Dispersal Mechanism Nidulariales Dispersal Mechanism Funiculus Peridiole Hapteron

Funiculus unravels and wraps around Impact will splash out a peridiole substrate after hapteron sticks onto (“egg”) a short distant. substrate.

5 Class: Basidiomycetes Example of Relationships

Relationship between some mushrooms Coprinus and puffballs. comatus (Shaggy Mane): A Genera exist that are morphologically common intermediate between mushrooms and temperate puffballs. species. Such fungi are referred to as secotioid fungi.

Example of Relationships Example of Relationships

Podaxis pistillaris, Laccaria fraterna : a secotioid species. A small common species in Hawai‘i. Cap does not open, lacks hymenium, basidiospores not ejected.

Example of Relationships

Hydnangeum carneum : A less common secotioid fungus “Jelly Fungi” that also occurs in Hawai‘i. Microscopically same as Laccaria.

6 Jelly Fungi Auriculariales Septate or deeply lobed basidia. Auricularia cornea (pepeiao) Classification based on basidium Basidium morphology. transversely Orders of Jelly Fungi: septate. Auriculariales Tremellales Dacrymycetales

Tremellales Dacrymycetales Tremella fuciformis Calocera cornea Basidium cruciate septate. Tunning Ford Basidium

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