CE-1984-06.Pdf

WORLD'S LARGEST COMPUTER MAGAZINE

&E ECl RONICSiters

Aovi! HP Puts 'ññs In/The :5 Ib 0 Appleis PortaLib7e Nevy Ilc

Fo1rrest Minis /Rev iews -PC-jr

a... . oa, AH UndJHJ L66 WWHO HNO3 5814 ad3S Oit-d £6pn;,F6p WHC gLD6£ 90509 1I9T0 S***********'. Chameleon, Morrow MD11 0 III I 14278 Lnoosing a Local Area Network

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Introducing the MTX512 AWorld Apart from the Ordinary. It begins with the sense of touch. Interactive Languages With the sleek black metal housing. Cool to the touch. Cool to And Routines -A Look the advanced circuitry and components contained within. Way And the solid feel of people -sized keys set up in a field that gives At The All Micros you room to work and space in which to think. Will One Day Perform But the difference only begins with what you see and feel. Where Forget the way all other it ends...well, that's really up to you. micros perform. This is the In a very practical sense, the only limits you'll experience with way they should. the MTX512 are those you choose to accept. Interactively. To 512K RAM Look The Inside With the MTX, you can create and manipulate programs using 64K -A On four different languages in dynamic interaction, all coordinated Take a close look at the MTX512. through the FRONT PANEL DISPLAY. Interweaving elements We could tell you it offers the greatest performance and versatil- as you would in creating a symphony. ity of any micro in its price range, but we think you're smart enough And take a serious look at the languages housed in the MTX's to draw your own conclusions. 24K ROM. MTX BASIC, a more powerful form of BASIC that The design is elegant in its simplicity. Remarkable for the power allows you to use all standard BASIC programs. MTX GRAPH- and complexity it represents. 64K RAM built in, with total expan- ICS, with straight forward commands, eliminates the tedium and sion to 512K. And that doesn't include 16K of video RAM con- difficulty of creating complex graphics programs. NODDY, an 11- trolled by its own processor. command "easy learn" language that can transform real world pro- Speaking of video, keep in mind this is no ordinary monochro- gramming into a child- friendly activity. And MTX ASSEMBLER, matic, single screen system. The MTX starts off where other micros which enables sophisticated programming in assembly language. end up. Delivering vivid screen capabilities with 256 x 192 pixels Something else the advanced programmer will appreciate is our that crisply define interference -free high resolution graphics. 16 ASSEMBLER/DISASSEMBLER, tied to BASIC, which provides brilliant colors that can be displayed simultaneously. In a format unprecedented display and keyboard access to Z80 CPU storage powered by 32 easily movable, user- defined graphics characters. locations, memory and program. Graphics capabilities you'd find impressive in a system that gives If you're hungry for more, PASCAL and FORTH are also availa- you a single screen to work in. With the MTX, you have eight. ble as add-on ROM packs. Yes, eight. On the keyboard side of things, you'll find a number of operator - Eight definable windows to operate independently or in tandem. oriented features that speed up and ease up the operation of the And still maintain full screen capabilities. Thus, you can manipu- MTX. The separate numeric pad with quadri- directional cursor late spread sheets on the MTX and see the impact of changing control and full editing functions. The eight dual function keys. variables in graphics at the same time. Eight separate windows on the world. We call them Virtual Screens. You'll call them extraordinary. Far from ordinary as well are the built -in system outputs that come standard on the MTX. The Centronics parallel printer port. The two industry- standard joystick ports. The uncommitted parallel I/O port. The Cassette port with 2400 baud. Separate TV and Video Monitor Ports. The 4- channel sound hifi output. We've even installed a ROM cartridge port for word processing and other dedicated programs.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com The auto repeal function on all alpha- numeric keys. Add to this such programmer -saving features as the use of abbreviated BASIC commands, a built -in syntax verifier, automatic cursor- honing to errors, auto -line numbering and automatic scrolling, and you begin to see the MTX not only opens a lot of doors that other micros leave closed, but speeds you through them as well. The 160 Megabyte Connection -A Look At The System To build a good system, quality must be designed in at every level. We designed the MTX and its complete line of system periph- Look erals using proven, standard components. Striking a strategic bal- A At The Price ance between power, versatility and dependability. Our Z80A There's a very simple equation that covers the pricing of processor, running at 4MHz, gave us the high performance charac- the MTX512. teristics we were striving for, plus the ability to expand into the The more engineering you put in a system, the less it will cost MTX Hard Disc, MTX Silicon and Floppy Disc CP /M operated to produce. As you've already seen, the MTX is a pure product of systems. Systems that could provide up to 160 megabyte storage advanced, innovative engineering. capacity. More power than you'll probably ever need, unless you Which is why we can sell it for $595** take full advantage of the MTX's impressive system capabilities. And why we can confidently back it up with a full one - Systems hookup is as simple as every other MTX procedure. year warranty. By merely plugging in the twin RS232C Serial interfaces and the Make no mistake. When you turn this page, you'll be return. Node software, sold optionally, you're ready to create a disc -driven ing to a world very different from this one. interactive communications network (OXFORD RING ©) that can A world in which all microcomputers will suddenly seem link up to 255 units. very different. Software? You'll never worry about software availability with Suddenly very ordinary. of MTX-dedicated programs have already been the MTX. Dozens For more information about the MTX512, or to find out the vast landscape of CP /M applications created, supplementing the of the MTX dealer nearest you, contact Memotech And advance word of the MTX's location software currently available. Corporation, 99 Cabot Street, Needham, MA 02194; or phone capabilities has precipitated an MTX software "push" technical (617) 449 -6614 on the part of many leading software manufacturers. Word Processing For $999 -A Look At A Great Deal MEMOTECH Look first at the capabilities, then at the price. This is word processing the way it should be. Quick. Easy. Professional. A package that includes the MTX512; the powerful CORPORATION New Word;" word processing ROM cartridge; and the Memotech CP /M is a trademark of Digital Research, Inc. DMX80 correspondence quality printer* An exceptional value! New WordTM is a trademark of New Star Software, Inc. And that brings us to the bottom line. *DMX80 correspondence quality printer suggested retail price $395. * *Suggested retail price. www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com All the hits your computer is missing.

ATARISOFT 411114111)114111" ATARISOFT MS. PAC-MAN llerf115.01V MOON PATROL T "S'.R'T ATARISOFT MS. PAC-MAN MOON PATROL r" ,.... JUNGLE HUNT ' " ":'.°..!T JUNGLE IK/NT "'",',S'« MS. PAC-MAN .,....,.,.. MS. PACMAN JOUST ...... JUNGLE HUNT r°'*i.*. BATTLEZONE "` ...,.. ""11...1 MOON PATROL ': =., MOON PATROL BATTLEZONE `"""?.?!.7. JOUST r ....,pr. POLE POSITION ''''''W. JUNGLE HUNT _.,,,,... °!tR`.? ...... ms , ?.:'i POLE POSITION r JOUST JUNGLE HUNT POLE POSITION r°'.°.r.T. ". BATTLEZONE ...,Po.... POLE POSITION ,.!=!!!`.! GALAXIAN r° ":fT. GALAXIAN 'AR ...,,. PROTECTOR II ".'. JOUST o.,,,.,,. ...,,,. PICNIC MBANOIA A.M.% GALAXIAN .....,efi . STARGATE r° "w4:: STARGATE ' GALAXIAN ,..,.,?' DONKEY KONG .."'J.,.' SHAMUS "...PAU PAC-MAN , ..I«"":SO.'r DONKEY KONG r ° "2.`.'. DONKEY KONG ;:." P>!: DONKEY KONG ,ST..11.or. DEFENDER `'19w.'. DEFENDER ' ..,M DONKEY KONG 'Si DEFENDER ,,...... ,.. DEFENDER ,.....ls.°.'2 DIG DUG T"':zrz DIG DUG '"".141!! DIG DUG .r DIG DUG .j''! 1 CENTIPEDE ."' ':.r.', CENTIPEDE CENTIPEDE 1.1.,...., CENTIPEDE .IJf.n ROBOTRON:2084 "r°'T.°.r.'. ROBOTRON :2084 r ..... ROBOTRON :2084 !;:';'^'T, ROBOTRON: 2084 MC-MAN mnswñ PACMAN ''!`..°,!I PAC-MAN ,,..,.,2..

',DORE 64

I1,!4 .b IMP 1111111111

If you thought you'd never find fun games for And we've got them for all the hit computers your hardworking home computer, happy days ...Apple, IBM, Commodore 64, Vic -20, Colecovi- are here. Because now ATARISOFT'" has all sion* and TI 99/4A. We've got Pac -Man, Centi- the great hits ... Pac -Man; Donkey Kong' by pede and Defender for Intellivision too. Nintendo, Centipede;" Defender; Joust; Jungle So dust off your joystick and ask your dealer Hunt; Moon Patrol; Pole Position; Galaxian; for all the ATARISOFT hits. It's the software your Ms. Pac -Man; and Battlezone." hardware's been waiting for. ATARISOFT.` All the hits your computer is missing. ATARISOFT products are manufactured by Atari, Inc. for use with various computers and video game consoles. ATARISOFT products are not made, licensed or approved by the manufacturer(s) of these computers and video game consoles. *Donkey Kong and Battlezone not available on Colecovision. 1 Trademarks of Bally Mtg. Co. Sublicensed to ATARI, Inc. by Namco-America, Inc. 2. Trademarks and O Nintendo 1981, 1983.3. Trademarks and © Williams 1980, 1982, manufactured under license from Williams Electronics. 4 Trademark and © of Taito America Corporation 1982. 5. Engineered and designed by Namco Ltd., manufactured under license by ATARI, Inc. Trademark and © Namco 1982. Atari' O A Warner Communications Co. ©1984 ATARI, Inc. All rights reserved. Circle No 9 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com VOLUME 22, NUMBER 6 1984 WORLDS LARGEST COMPUTER MAGAZINE JUNE Computerss & E L E C T O N I C S Features Columns 50 You Can Take It 8 Bits & Bytes With You By Sol Libes By Peter Costa 16 Les Solomon on Hewlett -Packard's HP-110 is an 8.5 -lb Hardware battery- powered lap computer with Lo- Computer tus in ROM. How Many Bits? 52 An Apple To Go 22 The Computer By Peter Costa Scientist Apple's new IIc: a slim transportable By Forrest M. Mims, Ill with built -in disk drive. Computer Aided Drafting. 54 What Makes Junior COVER PHOTO BY TRUMAN MOORE 80 Guest Column Run? By Barbara and John McMullen By Forrest M. Mims, III 72 Choosing a Local Area Compatibility and Portability. A review of the IBM PCjr. Network 59 IBM Software for the By TJ Byers PCjr A guide to selecting the LAN best suited to your needs. By J. Smith-Richardson A look at the products available for the low -end personal computers. 64 Encryption Deciphered Reviews By Carl Nicolai 30 The Chameleon Plus Encoding locks your data away from anyone not possessing the key. By Charles P. Rubenstein 32 Hard Copy With A Flair By Al Burawa 34 Morrow's New Hard Departments Disk MD11 4 Editorial By Michael Guttman By Seth R. Alpert An Ethical Question. 42 TK! Solver 6 Letters By Lee D. Zimskind Equation solving power for your micro. 68 Computer Security in 82 New Products the Micro Age 46 NewWord 112 Computer Mart/ By Larry Dietz By Michael McCarthy Electronics Classified The risks faced by corporations who use The latest in sophisticated, powerful personal computers. word processing software. 126 Advertisers' Index

Number 6. Published monthly by c All rights reserved. Computers & Electronics (ISSN 0032 -4485) June 1984, Volume 22, COPYRIGHT 1984 BY ZIFF -DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY. rate Selwyn Taubman, Treasurer Bertram A. Abrams, Secretary. One year subscription Ziff-Davis Publishing Co., at 3460 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90010. Richard P. Friese, President; in U.S. currency). Second Class Postage Paid at Los Angeles, CA 90052 and at additional for U.S. and Possessions, $15.97; Canada, $20.97; all other countries, $23.97 (cash orders only, payable of postage in cash. POPULAR ELECTRONICS including ELECTRONICS mailing offices. Authorized as second class mail by the Post Office Dept., Ottawa, Canada, and for payment Boating, Car and Driver, Cycle, Flying, Popular Photography, Skiing, Stereo WORLD trademark registered. Indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature. Ziff-Davis also publishes & ELECTRONICS. Circulation Dept. P.O. Box and Tape Recording & Buying Guide. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to COMPUTERS Review, Electronic Experimenter's Handbook, not be an address label from a recent issue. Permissions. Material in this publication may 2774, Boulder, CO 80302. Please allow at least eight weeks for change of address, enclosing, if possible, Permissions, Ziff -Dav s Publishing Co., One Park Ave., New York, NY 10016. reproduced in any form without permission. Send requests for permission to Elizabeth Amado, Rights and

3 June 1984

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com WORtD"S LARGEST COMPUTER...MAGAZINE ZIN Computers SETH R. ALPERT E L E & C T O N I C S

WILLIAM S. DAVID Publisher SETH R. ALPERT Editor EDITORIAL PETER COSTA Executive Editor LESLIE SOLOMON Technical Director JOHN R. RIGGS Managing Editor JAMES KIEHLE Art Director AN ETHICAL ROBERT LASCARO Associate Art Director A. W. BURAWA Senior Editor QUESTION JOSEPH DESPOSITO Technical Editor HAVE you ever wondered why view, lower revenue for the industry JOSEF BERNARD Technical Editor people don't photocopy books? hurts end users as well, because a thriv- ANDRE DUZANT Technical Illustrator Because it is too expensive and ing commerce is essential to generating CARMEN VELAZQUEZ Production Editor inconvenient and the end product is far new and more capable products. Some JEFF NEWMAN Editorial Assistant less desirable than the original. My point also claim that reduced revenues lead to is that genuine self -interest AMY MADWED Art Assistant rather than higher retail prices-although I am not any sense of morality or fear of punish- convinced. Software prices seem to me Contributing Editors: Sol Libes, Forrest M. Mims, III, Barbara E. McMullen, John F. McMullen ment keeps people from illegally copying to be more a function of market forces books. like Editorial and Executive Offices supply and demand and healthy One Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016. Consider, however, the case of person- competition. 212 -725 -3500 al computer software. Unprotected soft- By far the most unfortunate side effect Advertising Sales Offices ware is easy to copy and very much more of software companies' copyright pro- New York expensive to purchase than it is to steal. tection problem is the adoption of copy Tom Ballon 212 -725- 3578 /Ken Lipka 212- 725 -3580 Moreover, the replica is indistinguish- protection schemes to foil would -be Midwestern able from the original. thieves. Anyone who really wants to can My concern here is copying by Robert Vanek, Suite 1400, 180 N. Michigan Ave., indi- Chicago, IL 60601. 312-346 -2600 viduals for personal use. I think most Western people recognize the immorality and Joe Mesics, J.E.M. Associates, 1905 Pierce St., San criminal intent of the big thieves -the Francisco, CA 94115. 415 -563 -3230 pirates and corporate copiers who exten- Anne Abeln, Ziff-Davis Publishing Co., 3460 sively duplicate both programs and doc- Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90010. 213 -387- umentation. Their assault on the copy- 2100 right laws represents a serious problem Southeastern for the software makers and their Mark Browning, PO Box 81306, 2511 Carroll Ave., Atlanta, GA 30366. 404 -455 -3430. attorneys. Copying by individuals in the privacy Consumer Computers & Electronics Magazine Division of their own homes is a different, less Larry Sporn President blatant act. Although most people rec- Jeff Hammond Vice President, Marketing ognize its illegality, suprisingly few ad- Carole Mandel Vice President, Circulation Eileen G. Markowitz Vice President, mit its immorality. I am reminded of General Manager public attitudes about speed limits. Most Jerry Schneider Vice President, Licensing of us know what the limits are, admit & Special Projects Herb Stern Vice President, Creative that obedience to them is in the public Jonathan D. Lazarus Editorial Director interest, and keep our excesses to a mere quickly defeat such schemes, or buy a Peter J. Blank Creative Director 10 to 15 miles an hour over the posted program that does so. What copy protec- Ziff-Davis Publishing speed. Similarly, people often feel they tion generally does achieve is a loss of President Richard P. Friese; President Consumer are showing great self-restraint by doing utility for the average user. In particular, Magazine Division Albert S. Traîna; Executive Vice President, Marketing and Circulation Paul only a little bit of illegal copying. legitimate copying, such as for backup or H. Chook; Senior Vice President Phillip T. After all, the reasoning seems to go, transfer to a hard disk, is frustrated. Heffernan; Senior Vice President Sidney Holtz; how can something that Senior Vice President Edward D. Muhlfeld; Se- easy and that Those are the fundamental issues with nior Vice President Philip Sine; Vice President private be wrong? We are conditioned to respect to copying of software by indi- Baird Davis; Vice President George Morrissey; this attitude by many things in our soci- viduals. While the legal and business is- Vice President Rory Parisi; Vice President Wil- liam L. Phillips; Treasurer Selwyn Taubman; Sec- ety: by the freedom of consenting adults sues are clear, the moral issues seem to retary Bertram A. Abrams and, more relevantly, by the freedom to be less so to many people. I would be Editorial correspondence: COMPUTERS & ELEC- tape broadcasts off the air and the all too very curious to hear from readers about TRONICS, 1 Park Ave., New York, NY 10016. Edi- torial contributions must be accompanied by return human foible of readily adopting others' this controversial subject. and will be handled with reasonable care; ideas as our own. I have even heard Will owever,hpostage publisher assumes no responsibility for re- the software copyright infringement turn or safety of manuscripts, art work, or models rationale that those who copy software by individuals ever cease to be an issue? submitted. The publisher has no knowledge of any proprietary are no more immoral than companies Only if it is no longer in people's self-in- rights which will be violated by the making or using of that charge high prices for products that any items disclosed in this issue. terest. This would require software to be cost essentially nothing to manufacture! priced much like a hard -cover book, or MPA Of course, illegal copying hurts every- for the industry to develop technology one. The damage to the software indus- that makes copying difficult or Member Autlt Bureau of Clrcuiat,ons try is the obvious loss of revenue. In my impossible. O

4 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com through 140° terrain at 30 pm.

Only one disk guarantees safe passage through the torrid zone of drive heat. Maxell.

A lifetime warranty. And manufac- Maxell's the disk that many drive manu- turing standards that make it almost facturers trust to put new equipment unnecessary. through its paces. It's that bug -free. Consider this: Every time you take So you can drive a bargain. But in your disk for a little spin, you expose accelerated tests, Maxell floppys lead it to drive heat that can sidetrack data. the industry in error -free performance Worse, take it to the point of no return. and durability. Proving that if you can't Maxell's unique jacket construction stand the heat you don't stand a chance. defies heat of 140°F And keeps your information on track. And Maxell runs clean. A unique process impregnates lubricants throughout the oxide layer. Extending maxell media and head life. How good is Gold? IT'S WORTH IT

Maxell Corporation of America, 60 Oxford Drive, Moonachie N.J. 07074 201.440 -8020 Circle No. 30 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Enter CompuServe's Electronic Mall and shop at your convenience in these LETTERS exciting departments. The Micro Mart The Department Stores The Travel Agent No Fooling bit microprocessor." Hence, is Macin- The Book Bazaar With regard to your interview with tosh then a 32-bit computer? I think not The Record Emporium Arktronics co- chairman Robert Kotick unless someone has redefined how we The Photo Booth in the April issue (p 54), was that an classify computers. I have been led to be- The Software Shop "April- fool" thing or not? I won't try to lieve that the number of processor data The Financial Market repeat all of Mr. Kotick's statements lines classifies the computer. That seems The Magazine Kiosk that I found hard to swallow but, tell me, fair to me and most of the computer pro- The Gardening Shed how does a 20- year -old student with no fessionals I work with. The Newsstand full -time job finance a company for three However, I must say, Macintosh, in months using a credit card? With regard the young, dependable tradition of Ap- A sample of the to saving memory space by creating their ple is another winner; but let's call it companies participating own language, isn't it easier just to pro- what it is -in a "word," an Apple. gram in machine language? -MIKE MAJOWICZ in CompuServe's -JOHN R. STEVELEY Redmond, WA Electronic Mall `'includes: Bellevue, WA Les Solomon deals with these questions Amdek Well, it's June now, and using a high - in his column "Computer Hardware" in American Airlines level language to generate machine code this issue. -Ed. American Express makes it much simpler to port a program AST Research from one type of computer to another. As Real -Time Audio Analyzer Bantam In issue of far as the other matter goes, some people the March your magazine, CBS Publishing I interest have a better line of credit than read with great the article "Mi- CDEX others.-Ed. crocomputers in the Recording Studio," Colonial Penn by Martin Porter. He mentioned an ap- Commodore Digital Signal Processors plication for the Apple II machine as a Computer World I am a graduate student at Southern real -time audio analyzer, marketed by Digital Equipment Methodist University, in the Depart- Eventide Clockworks. I am an Apple II dilithium Press ment of Electrical Exngineering. I was user and a musician with interest in a 800 Software very interested in the article "High - sound company and have been searching Heath Speed Signal Processors" in the April for just such an application source. Hertz 1984 issue of C &E. Is there any way to Could you please furnish me with an ad- E.F. Hutton get more information about this, such as dress and phone number for Eventide. lnmac more details on the TMS320, other arti- -JOE SEAWRIGHT Innovative Software cles about the subject, or books that I Greenwood, MS Magazine Supply House can refer to? Eventide Clockworks is at 1 Alsan Manufacturer's Hanover Trust -CHIH Way, Ferry, 07643. Telephone: -CHIEN CHEN Little NJ McGraw -Hill 201 -1200. Dallas, TX -641 -Ed. Metropolitan Life Information on the.TMS320 is avail- Microsoft able free ofcharge from the Texas Instru- Microwriter Availability Miracle Computing I in review ments Publication Center, PO Box was interested the of the Misco 401560, Dallas, TX 75240. You should Microwriter, by Fred Blechman, in your Newsnet ask Pub. V001, Digital April issue. This product isn't new. I ran for #SPR "TI Official Airline Guide Signal Processor," and Pub. across reviews of it some years ago, and Pan American Electronics Y002, When #SPR "TI Signal Processing it piqued my interest then. I wrote Peachtree Software Products and Technology. ' -Ed. to the developer in England, I was told Practical Peripherals that they were only going to market the Program Store in Britain, no 16 or 32 Bits? unit Great had immediate Professional Color Labs In your article about the latest prod- plans for U.S. distribution, and "thank RCA Record Clubs you very uct from Apple's constantly enlarging much." Record World ( Big Mr. Blechman's article told me a great orchard "Macintosh: Step, Small Sears p 42), re- deal and has good Footprint," March, the author about the product Select Information Exchange peatedly referred to the MC68000 as a photos and illustrations. I'm still inter- Sim Computer Products -bit I feel that this ested and might even pay for it. "32 microprocessor." $500 Software Advisor did not say is could be a bit misleading to the general One thing the article Stark Brothers MC68000 does whether the Microwriter is now avail- public. Although the Supersoft have seventeen 32 -bit registers (8 data, 7 able in the U.S. and, if so, through Max Ule 2 32 -bit whom. address, stack pointers) and one Vanguard program internally, it communi- -T.T. THOMAS pointer VisiCorp cates externally via a 16 -bit data bus. All Albany, CA Ziff -Davis of the MC68000 documentation from You can obtain a Microwriter from Motorola refers to it as a "16 -bit micro- Microwriter USA, Inc., 251 E. 61 St., Merchants and manufacturers who want to participate in the Electronic Mall" may contad: processor." Nowhere is it called a "32- New York, NY 10010. -Ed. Stephen A. Swanson, L.M. Berry & Co., P.O. Box 6000, Dayton, OH 45401, (513) 296-2015. 6

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com AR 2000,THE WORLD Y CATCH jIP WITH THE WAY CoMPuSERvE'S NEW ELECTRONIC MALL LETS YOU SHOP TODAY. Introducing the - Its special discount opportunities make it The Electronic Mall, a valuable first computer shopping economical, purchase after purchase. - And addition to the vast world of service that brings you its name -brand merchants assure you of CompuServe. top -quality merchandise. CompuServe's Consumer Information convenience, savings Service brines you shopping information, and enjoyment Make the CompuServe Electronic entertainment, personal communications Here's your chance to expand the Mall 15- Minute Comparison Test. and more. practical uses of your personal computer. What you can do in 15 minutes shopping You can access CompuServe with al- Sign up for CompuServe and shop in the Electronic Mall way. most any computer and modem, terminal our new Electronic Mall. It's easy to use. It Call up on your computer screen full or communicating word processor. tells you more about the products you're descriptions of the latest in computer To receive your illustrated guide to buying. It lets you order faster. And it's printers, for instance. CompuServe and learn how to subscribe, totally unique. Pick one and enter the order command. calf or contact... Check complete descriptions of places to CompuServe's new Electronic Mall' stay on your next vacation. offers you all these shopping Pick several and request travel brochures innovations. Access a department store catalog and - It's enormous! So it gives you in -depth pick out a wine rack, tools, toys... any CompuServe information on thousands of goods and thing! services, and lets you buy even hard -to -find Place your order. Consumer Information Service P.O. Box 20212 merchandise. - Is unique "Feedback" serv- What you can do in 15 minutes shopping 5000 Arlington Centre Blvd. ice lets you ask the merchants themselves the old way. Columbus, OH 43220 specific questions. - It's incredibly efficient in Round up the family and get in the car. 800 -848 -8199 ordering the products and services you want In 01ío call 614-457 -0802 Circle No. 60 en Free Information Card The Electronic Mall- is a cooperative venture between CompuServe Inc., and L.M. Berry & Company. An I- & R Block company www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com SOL LIBES BI TS Itt BYTES

Sinclair Discloses CPU Market- ing Plans Timex's decision to withdraw from the home computer market has apparently ended the retail marketing of Sin- clair computers in the U.S. However, Sinclair has announced that it plans to market its new 68008 -based QL computer system via mail -order in the fall at $499. The unit will include 128K of memory, two 100K tape drives and a full -travel keyboard. Sinclair had originally marketed its popular ZX -81 computer via mail order before entering into a retail marketing agreement with Timex. And, it continued to maintain an office in Boston. Rumors & Gossip desktop personal computer system. It is Look for Radio Shack to introduce expected to involve either the Macintosh Two More Drop Out of U.S. an 8 -line by 80- column version of their or Lisa-II. Home Computer Market popular Model 100 kneetop portable this Following in the footsteps of Texas month. The old model displayed only 8 Commodore to Make IBM PC Instruments and Mattel, Timex has lines by 40 columns. There are rumors of Compatible System withdrawn from the home computer a 16 -line by 80- column version for very In a real about -face, Commodore business, after suffering significant early next year. Also, there may be an has changed its mind and decided to losses, estimated at almost $100 million. IBM PC compatible knee -topper.... postpone, indefinitely, its Z8000 -based Timex is rumored to have over 200,000 IBM is expected, this summer, to intro- business computer and go instead with Model 1000 computers in stock and hav- duce version 3.0 of the PC-DOS operat- an 8088 -based IBM PC compatible. The ing trouble moving them out at even liq- ing system for the IBM PC. It should be new business -oriented system is expect- uidation price. They actually ceased pro- multitasking and have windows. Ru- ed this fall. To shorten development time duction of the unit in August of 1983. mors are that IBM developed it and has and cut costs, Commodore acquired Timex 1000's have been selling recently forsaken Microsoft. This is expected to rights to a PC clone called the Hyperion in some drug stores for less than $10. create problems for IBM PC compatible from Bytec -Comterm, Montreal, Cana- Timex had reportedly sold a million makers.... Gold Star Co., Ltd., in Ko- da. And Commodore is negotiating with 1000's but sales dwindled during the sec- rea, may be making the new AT &T 32- Intel to manufacture its own 8088 mi- ond half of `83. The newer 1500 and bit supermicro.... Kaypro is expected croprocessor chips. If Commodore uses 2068 models, selling for over $100 have this summer to introduce a notebook - the same marketing tactics in the PC- had lackluster sales. size battery- operated portable. When at- compatible business marketplace that it Matsushita's Panasonic division, tached to a "base station" containing used in the home computer marketplace, which had been marketing its JR -200 CRT and disk drives, it will be compati- we can expect to see significant price cut- $269 home computer in the U.S. has de- ble with the IBM PC. An IBM PC com- ting and company attrition next year. cided to throw in the towel indicating patible transportable is also Commodore has not been successful that it cannot compete in a very price - expected.... Apple is rumored again to in selling personal computers to business sensitive market. Two weeks prior, an- be making hard disk drives in- house. other Japanese vendor, Tomy, also with- These are said to be 10- and 20 -byte half- drew from the U.S. home computer height drives.... Microsoft is supposed- market. And NEC Home Electronics ly readying a business software package has indicated that it is considering for the PC (e.g. general ledger, et yanking its PC -6000 home computer al) TI is expected to bring out and putting its marketing efforts behind shortly a new version of its handheld its kneetop portable computer. computer that uses cassette storage in- While on the subject of poor business stead of the wafter tape drives it original- in the home computer market -Coleco ly promised for the unit.... Look for Industries reported, in March, that it IBM to introduce a new graphics card lost $35 million in the last quarter due to for the IBM PC with 600 X 400 dot -ad- disappointing sales of the Adam home dressable graphics in 8 and 16 colors. owners, probably because of its poor re- computer system. It reported a $9 -mil- This is better resolution than the lations with computer stores. Commo- lion loss for the year, which would have Macintosh.... Lastly, there are rumors dore continues to sell its B256 business - been much worse had it not done so well that AT &T is negotiating a joint venture oriented system. However, it has selling Cabbage Patch dolls. Coleco had with Apple Computer for a low -cost admittedly not done well. boasted it would produce a half -million

ILLUSTRATIONS BY CARL WESLEY 8 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com _.-.11110.91p

dams before year -end but was only place will see prices on the PC- Networking News )le to ship 95,000 systems. There are compatibles drop between 10% and o. The Jolly Blue Giant has intro- amors that Coleco is considering dis- 20% by year -end while companies introduced what it calls a "cluster program" continuing the system. duce new compatibles with enhanced qr, in other words, a local area And Victor Technologies Inc. de- features. The PC- compatible makers are networking system, allowing up to 64 clared bankruptcy, being in the hole for working feverishly to lower the manu- PCs, XTs and PCjrs to be interconnect- about $30 million. It is ironic because facturing costs of existing products and ed. Messages can be sent from one ma- the company, founded by computer pio- economize on future designs. This gener- chine to another, and hard disks and neer Chuck Peddle, introduced a com- ally means moving assembly and manu- printers can be shared. A typical config- puter at about the same time as the IBM facturing to the Far East and Mexico. uration to link together five machines PC which was clearly superior to the PC Design costs are being reduced by inte- would cost a little over $2500 including with far better graphics, four times the grating functions in custom ICs to re- interfaces and cables, but not including disk storage space, Selectric -type key- duce parts count. the personal computers. board, plus other extras. Unfortunately, New enhanced designs are mainly ex- Japan's Posts and Telecommunica- Chuck, who is a terrific system designer pected to emphasize notebook -size portions Ministry is currently studying pos- (he created the 6502 microprocessor and table PC compatibles. Units with 16 -line sible standards for communications be- Commodore PET computer) could not by 80- character LCD displays are ex- tween personal computers and teletext compete against the marketing power of pected to become available late this year, systems. Nippon Electric Co., has devel- IBM. with full 25 -line displays next year. oped a networking system using the ac power line and transmitting data at 9600 PCjr Getting Cool Reception bps. Initial reports are that there is no shortage of IBM PCjrs on dealers Anti- Software Piracy Fund shelves despite IBM's still shipping only Formed limited quantities to dealers. IBM is re- The "Software Protection Fund" portedly spending $40 million in an ef- has been formed to aid in the combating fort to sell 500,000 PCjrs this year. That of an "explosion" of illegal software works out to $80 per machine and there- copying. The SPF's goal is to "frustrate" fore may be IBM's largest single expense software piracy, particularly by large on the product. companies or "national account type" Some dealers are expressing the view users, by professional resellers, by home that the Apple IIe, which costs signifi- users and hobbyists, software rental cantly less, presents a better value and IBM, CBS & Sears Plan firms, and companies that "aid and estimates are that Apple will sell more Videotext Venture abet" by marketing software copying de- than 750,000 IIe's, up from 600,000 last IBM, CBS Inc. and Sears Roebuck vices and software. year. Many purchasers are unfavorably & Co. have announced a joint venture The SPF organizers include Ashton - comparing the PCjr to the new Apple into the home videotext business. Each Tate, Lotus Development Corp., Sorcim Macintosh, since a comparably will hold an equal share in the partner- and Microsoft Corp. The group, which equipped PCjr is not much lower in cost ship and the venture will be staffed. by already has $500,000 in contributions, and lacks many of the Mac's features employees from each governed by a expects to work closely with ADAPSO and performance. committee of representatives from each (Association of Data Processing Service Many criticize the PCjr's keyboard company. Expected to take a few years Organizations) to influence government with its funny feel, keys that are far to bring to fruition, it will bring two-way copyright law legislation. It will also apart, and hard -to -read labels. Yet IBM electronic services into the home and "educate" to discourage copying and says it hasn't gotten any complaints compete with a similar venture from pursue enforcement of legal rights from users. Others find the machine too AT &T. This new system would be dif- against pirates. expensive as a home machine and lack- ferent from the AT &T system in that us- Lotus recently filed a $10 million ing the power needed for an office ma- ers will be able to have their own person- copyright infringement suit against a chine. Thus IBM has its work cut out for al computers while the AT &T system company that it accused of copying its it in trying to sell the machine. Of requires purchasing a $600 terminal. Lotus 1 -2 -3 and distributing it to its local course, the best thing it has going for it Videotext will allow the sending of offices. The company did not try to resell are the three letters on its front-IBM. words and pictures to a home video the copies. screen. Thus it is expected that Sears will PC- Compatible Prices Expect- sell insurance, financial and real estate Random News ed to Drop services and also be responsible for mar- A black market traffic in Apple IBM's standard PC and PC trans- keting, billing and customer support. Macintosh computers was nipped in the portable are still limited in availability IBM will make the personal computers bud by Notre Dame University officials while supplies of the XT and PCjr ap- and CBS will operate the videotext. who discovered a student offering to buy pear to have caught up with demand. In- IBM has been marketing a corporate other students' systems and resell them dustry experts are predicting that IBM's videotext system based on its Series 1 off-campus at a discount. Notre Dame is supply of PCs will catch up with demand minicomputer system. CBS had previ- one of 24 schools selling Macs to stu- this fall. That is expected to put pressure ously participated in a year -long test of dents, faculty and staff up to 60% off on the PC-compatible makers to reduce videotext with AT &T. There is one list. However, it is unlikely that schools prices and bring out products with more videotext system currently in operation can stop the resale of Macs to outside competitive features. in southern Florida. The potential for people or companies and a resale market Thus it is expected that the market- videotext however is still uncertain. in Macs is expected to flourish.

June 1984

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Little Tramp character licensed by Bubbles Inc., s.a.

How to move ivi and take y _.

Introducing the IBM Portable Personal Computer.

It's a complete PC. In a case. With a handle. And a welcome addition to the family. The IBM Portable Personal Computer is the first IBM PC system you can pick up and take with you. Across town or across the i hall. Or put away easily for another day. It's a powerful system, with 256 KB of user memory (expandable to 512KB) and a slimline double -sided 51/4" diskette drive (and room for another). Plus a built-in

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com modern times PC with you.

9 "monitor with easy -to -read amber programs to help you reach your goals. characters. Text and graphics capability. All this and five expansion slots, And an 83 -key keyboard. ready to accept expanded memory, All fitted into a sturdy, transportable printers and other useful IBM Personal case that's easy to handle. And park. Computer options. Which should keep The IBM ®of portable personal you rolling far into the future. computers. Make no mistake about it, Pick one up at a store near you. this is a true IBM PC. You can see the new IBM Portable Which means it is part of the same Personal Computer at any authorized dependable family as the IBM Personal IBM PC dealer or IBM Product Center. Computer, the IBM PC /XT and the new To find the store nearest you, call IBM PCjr. And that means you can use 1- 800 -447 -4700. In Alaska or Hawaii, many IBM Personal Computer Software call 1- 800 -447 -0890. == _ a-7

Circle No. 41 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com LES SOLOMON ON COMPUTER HARDWARE HOW MANY BITS?

THERE seems to be a bit of mystery Z8000 series, each of which has its own Although the 68000 and 16000 CPUs when it comes to determining just interesting characteristics. exist in a 32 -bit software environment, how many bits a particular mi- Is there really an answer to "how they are still not in the real 32 -bit world. croprocessor has. In one ad you will read many bits "? Yes, there is, and it depends A true 32 -bit CPU should also have a 32- that a particular device is 16 -bit; in an- on whether you are a hardware or soft- bit data path. (This means 32 data lines, other ad the same processor will be ware person. which might result in a large and un- called 32 -bit; while a third takes a firm If software is your concern, then regis- wieldy IC package.) However, the 68000 neutral stand and proclaims the CPU as ter size rather than number of data lines and 16000 both have only 16 data lines. being a 16/32 -bit processor. Just what is is the determining factor. In the software Thus, despite how we feel about soft- the criteria for an 8 -, 16-, or 32 -bit CPU? universe, a CPU that manipulates data ware, they are still 16 -bit CPUs. As we shall see, the answer is similar to in 16 -bit hunks is a 16-bit machine, while However, the 68020, a true 32 -bit pro- that old story about the blind men and a CPU that manipulates data in 8 -bit cessor that includes 32 data lines is the elephant. hunks is an 8 -bit device. standing in the wings awaiting an intro- Let's take a brief look at some popular If hardware is your thing, then CPU duction this summer. This new true 32- CPUs and I'll tell you my version. interfacing (those ubiquitous data lines) bit CPU, along with the NS32032 32 -bit The 8088 as used by IBM and clones version of the 16000 will introduce us to has an 8 -bit data bus and 20 address lines the real world of 32 -bit computing. that can directly communicate with 1,048,576 bytes of memory. And it con- BDOS Error in My Memory tains thirteen 16 -bit registers. Although many machines that use the 8088 are Back in my March column, "Those called "16 -bit" machines, the CPU man- Were the Days," in which I reminisced ufacturer calls the 8088 the "8 -bit ver- about the first days of microcomputers, I sion of the 16 -bit 8086." This is because made the dreadful mistake of placing Al- the 8088 has only 8 data lines, even buquerque, New Mexico (repeat New though it has 16 -bit registers. Mexico), in the "Arizona" desert. Obvi- The 8086 is identical (even to the in- ously, I must have been daydreaming struction set) to its 8088 sibling except when I wrote that. The proofreader also that it has 16 data lines. Since the 8088 missed it; but, according to my mailbox, has an 8 -bit data line, it requires two it was not overlooked by a bunch of clock cycles to grab the same amount of proud New Mexicans. data that the 16 -bit data -line 8086 can in They also jumped on me for saying one clock cycle. Thus, the major differ- "downtown Albuquerque," and my sug- ence between the two processors is with the real world is what matters. Mi- gesting that the Rio Grande was a mere speed. croprocessors that grab data 8 bits at a foot deep. I have been reminded by sev- Another CPU, the 16 -, 16/32 -, or 32- time are classified as 8 -bit machines (the eral readers that the Rio Grande at that bit 68000 (again, the number of bits de- 8088 is in this family), while those that point is three feet deep. pends on who is talking) features 16 data grab 16 -bit chunks are 16 -bit machines People, believe me, over the years I lines, 24 address lines that can directly (the 8086 and 68000 fit this category). have spent many happy days and nights address 16,777,216 bytes of memory, But why 32 bits? Did this come about in Albuquerque -after all, it was there and seventeen 32 -bit registers. Some because someone felt that, since 8 bits that I first met Forrest Mims and Ed have called this processor a 16- bitter be- are good, then 16 bits are twice as good, Roberts; and it was there that the Altair cause it has 16 data lines; others call it a and 32 bits even better. And, if so, where was born. So Albuquerque holds a dear .32- bitter because it has 32 -bit registers; do we stop? place in my heart. and others play it safe and call it 16/32 The 32 -bit approach started several Yes, I know about the Sandia Moun- bits. Regardless, one of the major advan- years ago when far -sighted microcom- tains. In fact, it was on one of those tages of this CPU is that it has a symmet- puter engineers realized that the day was windy mountain tops, that Ed Roberts rical and compact instruction set in approaching when microcomputers and I discussed the newly developed which a few general -purpose instruc- would take over from minicomputers. computer and tried to figure out what tions (which can have many options) can For the microcomputer to be able to port uses it could have. At that time, we did generate large amounts of op code. software to and from a mainframe (as not know what kind of a tiger we had by There are several other processors for opposed to just plain communicating the tail- though we suspected that it which the number of bits may be in ques- with the mainframe), it has to grab data was a tiger. tion. These include the 6809 and the 32 bits at a clip. In the same column, I also mentioned

ILLUSTRATION BY YVONNE BUCHANAN 12 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com l 44E6411

what I thought was the start of MITS in Forrest Mims's trailer. Well, I just heard from Ed Roberts -the creator of the first 8080 microcomputer (Altair) and its associated bus structure now called S- 100 or IEEE -696. Ed tells me that MITS actually started in his garage and that there were four equal partners -Stan Cagle, Forrest Mims, Bob Zaller, and Ed Roberts. Af- ter the failure of the Opticom infrared communicator (POPULAR ELECTRON- ICS, November 1970), he purchased the complete stock of MITS and started over again with calculators. Ed states that the name Altair bus was changed to S -100 to keep competitors from advertising the MITS product. Ac- PREVENT THE DISASTER cording to Ed, "To this day, I am still frustrated by the theft of my design. I certainly have not had any objection to anyone using the design, nor did we at- OF HEAD CRASH AND tempt to stop such use by applying patent laws or charging royalties. All that was ever asked was that the bus be called DROPOUT. by its correct name; that is, the Altair The war bus. Incidentally, think of how much against dust and dirt Cleaning not provided by liquid money we could have made if we had never ends. So before you boot- cleaners. charged royalties for the use of the bus." up your equipment, and Dust -Off II's remarkable I, for one, disagree with Ed. If it were everytime you replace a pinpoint accuracy zeros in on the left up to me, I would call it the "Roberts cassette, disk or drive precise area being dusted. And bus," since without Ed, where would we filter, be sure to use Dust -Off II; you have total control- every- be without our microcomputers now? it counteracts dust, grit and lint. thing from a gentle breeze for Otherwise you're flirting with About QWERTY costly dropouts, head crashes and downtime. I guess we have all wondered, when we first came across the term QWERTY Dust -Off II is most effective keyboard, where the name came from. when used with Stat -Off II. Stat- II Obviously, it derives from the first six Off neutralizes dust -holding 186. .. letters electricity while -Off II Stat -Off II neutralizes dust-holding across the third row of keys. static Dust static electricity from media and In a recent article in Scientific Ameri- blasts loose dust away. There's machines. can ( "The Skill of Typing," February also the Dual Extender and Mini - delicate computer mechanisms 1984), Timothy A. Salthouse cleared up Vac for vacuuming dust out of to a heavy blast for grimy dirt. the mystery of how it all started. In the hard -to -reach places. Don't let contamination dis- early 1870s, the keys on typewriters Photographic professionals rupt your computer operation. tended to jam, even at moderate typing have used Dust -Off speeds. The QWERTY layout was se- brand Stock up on Dust -Off II -the ad- lected so that the weakest fingers of each products consistently on vanced dry cleaning system hand operated the most used keys. Thus their delicate lenses and at your local computer or the typist was slowed down, and proba- expensive cameras for office supply dealer. bly the most maladaptive man -machine over ten years. They Or send $1.00 (for interface ever was invented. know it's the safe, dry, postage and handling) Now for another mystery. Under opti- efficient way to contami- for a 3 oz. trial size and mal conditions (highly practiced people nant -free cleaning. literature today. and a minimal number of stimulus -response alternatives), the average latency or delay between the presentation of the stimulus and the pressing of a button is approximately 250 milliseconds. The paradox of typing is that a latency of 250 ms yields a typing rate of 48 words /min (assuming five keystrokes /word). Yet, keyboard speeds twice that rate are fairly DustOfill common and no one knows why. As they say, reading is fun. The safe dry cleaning system Falcon Safety Hloaurl tab Bnstol Head, Mountainside, NJ 07092

May 1984 Circle No. 25 on Free Information Card 13

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com FORREST M. MIMS III THE COMPUTER SCIENTIST COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING

WHILE a student at Texas A &M machines long ago put most scribes, Until recently, CAD systems were University in the mid 1960s, I copyists and calligraphers (yours truly very expensive, generally costing from began keeping what has be- excepted) out of business, CAD is $50,000 to $100,000 or even more. Now, come a series of laboratory notebooks. changing the drafting industry. Today, thanks to personal computers and more About ten years ago, I showed one of the drafting table and its shiny metal and competition in the software and periph- these to David Gunzel, Radio Shack's plastic implements are being rapidly re- erals businesses, CAD is rapidly becom- publications director. Dave liked the placed by graphics tablets, joysticks, ing more affordable. Today it's possible drawings in it and concluded Radio light pens and computer -controlled, x/y to purchase economical, quality CAD Shack should publish a hand -lettered pen plotters. software for systems designed around and illustrated book of electronic cir- Contrary to the popular view, produc- the Apple IIe, the IBM PC family and cuits modeled after my notebooks. ing a drawing with CAD equipment other machines. It took several years to convince the doesn't necessarily save time. The ad- As shown in Fig. 1, a typical CAD appropriate people that the project was vantage of CAD comes when correc- system includes a computer, two disk viable. Eventually, Gary Burkhart, then tions, revisions or additional copies are drives, color monitor, x/y pen plotter, Radio Shack's electronics parts buyer, required. Simply by recalling from the printer and one or more pointing de- asked me to write the hand -lettered book CAD system's memory the parameters vices. Of these, the pointing device(s) is that became Engineer's Notebook. That of the original drawing, corrections and second in importance only to the soft- book and its sequel have sold well over half a million copies. More recently, Dave Wolf, Gary's successor, has assigned several other hand -lettered books, including Getting Started in Electronics. You might wonder why hand -lettered books are so popular in today's era of total automation. Perhaps the books appear friendlier than the traditional circuit books with their monotonous rows of type and starkly drawn, neat -as -a -pin illustrations. In any event, producing and publishing a hand -lettered book is no simple task. Though many steps are involved, the toughest is the actual handwork. A single page can take several agonizing hours or more to produce. This chore is made even more onerous by the word processing equipment resting on the Fig. 1. Ingredients of a computer -aided drafting (CAD) system. desk as I work. Why a book must be hand -lettered in the computer age is the even major changes can be made much ware driving the system. question my aching fingers keep asking. faster than the old- fashioned way. In Briefly, light pens provide the best Unfortunately, the word processor other words, CAD does for drawings hand -eye coordination, but they can be cannot be moved out of sight. Its display what word processing does for writing. fatiguing to use. Joysticks and mouses reveals the text, carefully entered into its CAD has other advantages, too. are not as natural as the graphics tablet, memory some weeks before, to be copied Since drawings are digitized, they can but tablets lack the proximal feedback of by hand onto each page. How's that for a be electronically transferred next door the light pen. And cursor control technological time warp? or across the country. Furthermore, thumbwheels and keys are awkward and automated equipment doesn't make time -consuming to use. Computer -Aided Drafting smudges or spill ink. It's relatively easy In short, it is essential that the pro- to use. And it stimulates creativity since spective CAD user understand that, in Printing and illustrating books by the user can easily revise and experi- spite of manufacturer's claims, there is hand has intensified my interest in comment with new ideas displayed on the no single "perfect" or "ideal" pointing puter -aided drafting (CAD). Just as system's monitor before committing the device. If possible, CAD users should printing presses, typewriters and copy final design to paper. experiment with various pointing de-

14 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com COMPUTERS 4,o, CREATINGJOBS "17 NRI-TRAINE PEOPL

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ®ELIÑÉN C

The Epson®Line has a printer for all reasons. Epson is the best -selling name in for. And our new LQ- 1500" is an as- Get on board. printers for small computers the tonishing breakthrough for business No matter what kind of computer world has ever seen. -it switches effortlessly between let- you own, or what job you intend for Because we make the right printer ter quality and high speed draft it, your printer should be an Epson. for virtually every computer. And printing. Because we build a better printer, every job. What's more, any printer you buy price it fairly, guarantee it longer, . Something for everybody. in the U.S. with the Epson name on and give you the one thing you don't Our reliable, affordable RXTM Series it is guaranteed for a full year. Which always get from a printer company. printers, for instance, are perfect for is four times longer than the guaran- A choice. the small business or home user. Our tee on most printers FX -80" and wide -carriage FX -100" provide all the speed, graphics capa- Number one. And built like it. EPSON bility and features anyone could ask EPSON AMERICA, INC.

3415 Kashiwa Street, Torrance, California 90505 Call (800) 421 -5426 for the Epson dealer in your area. In California call (213) 539 -9140.

Epson is a registered trademark of Epson Corporation. RX. FX-80, FX -100 and LQ -1500 are trademarks of Epson America. Inc

Circle No. 26 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com COMPUTERS ARE CREATING JOBS FOR NRINTRAIN i PEOPLE

I V t 1 _ c ir

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com IF YOU'RE SERIOUS With NRI traini, ABOUT MAKING your computer'i1 MONEY IN MICRO- memory and inptq ekpi COMPUTERS, NRI You'll even write pars, °re IS SERIOUS ABOU control the circuep0 SHOWING YOU HO .signed and built. Yo( The U.S. Depart- hundreds of ci ment of Labor projects experiments, a job openings for qualifie backed by a full - computer technicians will faculty ready to hk soon double. International personally. Resource Development, Inc., When your N estimates a 600% in- training is complete, crease in these jobs in you'll be a computer te.,. a decade. And most o nician, ready for your first these will be new jobs, job - servicing, testing or created by the expand,. programming all types of ing role of computers. ,. . microcomputers - in a re- // fijwarding and challenging NEVER HAS THERE new career. BEEN A FASTER - GROWING FIELD THE CATALOG IS FREE. OF TECHNOLOGY. THE TRAINING IS PRICELESS. Many people are Send the postpaid card afraid of losing their jobs today for your FREE 104 -page to computers, but thousands catalog. It's a valuable guide to of jobs will be created for opportunities and training in the who are prepared to those high -tech meet the challenge. ______revolution. With NRI training, you'll be prepared. You can have a Your NRI course will include the new TRS -80 Model 4 with Disk Drive or the TRS -80 Color Computer with profitable, exciting future as NRI Computer Access Card...plus a professional LCD multimeter, NRI Discovery Lab and hundreds an expert who can handle the of demonstrations and experiments. its all operational, programming and yours to keep. aspects of all kinds technical that are built right in...features of microcomputers and micro- that are offered as options on processors. other microcomputers. Designed LEARN IN YOUR SPARE TIME. to perform diverse personal and NRI trains you in your own business functions and to accept home, at your convenience...no the most software, the TRS -80 classroom schedule to meet, no Model 4 is a great computer to learn on...and it's yours to keep, For greater computer memory capacity, a double need to quit your job. As a class density disk drive is included. of one with complete course along with the disk drive! You'll see how easily you become materials and the backing of a LEARN HOW TO USE, staff of professional electronics PROGRAM AND SERVICE part of the growing high -tech instructors, you'll get extraordi- STATE-OF- THE -ART world of microcomputers. been re- nary hands -on training on the MICROCOMPUTERS. If the card has moved, please write to us today. latest model in the most pop- Through your carefully de- a ular line of microcomputers: signed NRI course, you'll get NRI School of Electronics the new TRS -80' Model 4, with wealth of practical experience. McGraw -Hill Continuing You'll build circuits...from the Education Center disk drive for greater memory 3939 Wisconsin Avenue to the most advanced IT capacity. The TRS -80 Model 4 simplest t,l. Washington, D.C. 20016 complete with advanced features ...with your NRI Discovery Lab You'll use a professional 4 -func- 1.n I TRS -80 is tradernar k of the Raclin Shark c4vislnn of Tandy Cot p tion LCD digital multimeter for Well give you tomorrow. analysis and troubleshooting.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ientist vt GOp he ones they prefer. For 144 dots per inch resolution). The pack- ty since they can draw-in addition to /ew of the principle point - age, which can be interfaced without electronic circuits -surveys, floor plains, .ee the article "A Few Quick modification directly with an IBM PC, plant layouts, piping diagrams and, in 4,,2OMPUTFRS & ELF.CTRON- sells for under $6000. short, anything a human draftsman can 1984). DASH -1 includes, within its software draw. library outline, images of most TTL inte- Figure 3 shows the A- CADS /l, a Low -Cost CAD Systems grated circuits and the most popular mi- turnkey, non -dedicated CAD system croprocessor and memory chips. Also sold by Andromeda Systems Inc. (9000 Sophisticated computer -aided draft - included are symbols for transistors, di- Eton Avenue, Canoga Park, CA 91304). mg systems include a wide range of im- odes, resistors, potentiometers, induc- This system is designed around a Digi- age drawing, manipulation and editing tors, capacitors and many other corn- tal Equipment Corporation LSI -11/23 computer. The complete package, which sells for under $24,000, includes corn - puter, floppy disk drive, Winchester drive, monitor, graphics tablet, joystick and pen plotter. The A-CADS /1 software includes a library of images with arcs, circles, el- lipses, polygons and both solid and broken lines, any of which can be selected in any combination and placed anywhere on the monitor's screen. Images being drawn are stored in a portion of the computer's memory designated as the User Work Area (UWA). The UWA stores in a 32 -bit register three -dimensional coordinates for each point entered into the system. This means, for instance, that if the user unit is one inch, the A- CADS /1 coordinate system can define any point within a cu- bic mile to a precision of 0.0001 inch! Fig. 2. Futurenet's DASH -1 electronic circuit design workstation. The UWA also keeps track of up to 16 pen selections per drawing. features. Representative instructions mon electronic parts. New symbols and Andromeda Systems' A -CAD /1 pro- that give a good idea about these features even circuit subsections can be added to vides virtually unlimited drawing and include zoom, pan, save, preview, line, the library by the user. drafting possibilities. But it is much draw, scale, text and many others. In Drawings are created or revised by more expensive than several recently an- past years CAD systems possessing a full means of the mouse and a set of 16 con- nounced CAD software packages de- selection of such features cost up to trol commands. Entire drawings or frag- signed to work with personal computers $100,000 or even more. ments can be saved on disk for later re- and low cost plotters and digitizers. The advent of low -cost personal com- trieval, editing, revision and correction. Among the most impressive of these puting has been accompanied by the de- While DASH -1 is very good at what it new packages is Robographics CAD -1, a velopment of low to moderately priced does, it can only draw circuit diagrams product of Chessell Robocom Corpora- CAD systems that duplicate many of the and print parts lists. Non- dedicated tion (111 Pheasant Run, Newtown, PA functions of their more expensive prede- CAD systems have much more versatili- 18940). Designed to operate in conjunc- cessors. As I noted above, some of these systems consist of software packages de- Fig. 3. Andromeda Systems A -CAD /1 computer drafting system. signed to operate with such popular personal computers as the Apple II /IIe and the IBM PC family. Others are sold as "turnkey" systems complete with software, computer, disk drives, plotter and one or more pointing devices. Some of these new CAD systems are dedicated to a single task such as the generation of electronic circuit diagrams. Among the most important of these is FutureNet's DASH -1, a software /hardware package that converts the IBM PC NIP into an electrical engineer's schematic - drawing workstation. DASH -1, which is shown in Fig. 2, includes software, a proprietary graphics controller, 3- button mouse and a C. Itoh Model 1550 dot- matrix printer (136 X

20 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com tion with an Apple II or IIe, the CAD -1 Up to 192 individual symbols and A Touch of CAD package sells for $1095 and includes complete drawings can be stored on a software, precision joystick controller single floppy disk. This means the total and an interface module that plugs into storage capacity of the user library is If you have not had the opportunity to the. Apple's game port. CAD -1 will di- limited only by your diskette budget. try out a real CAD system, you can get a rectly drive a Robographics plotter, and Images can be retrieved from disk with- hint of what it's like to draw lines on a software drivers for other popular plot- out the need for keystroke commands monitor's screen if you have access to a ters can be obtained at prices ranging thanks to a graphic index feature that computer equipped with a joystick. Here from $250 to $400. places on the screen miniature versions ar.. some simple routines for several pop- I recently had an opportunity to try of each stored image. ular computers that will get you started. the CAD -1 system and found it has When compared to earlier systems many features identical to those of much and expensive CAD work stations, Adam. Here's an ultra -simple joystick more costly CAD systems. For example, CAD -1 is a very affordable package. drawing routine for the Adam: here's how you draw a line: Nevertheless, in view of the declining First, use the joystick to move the trend in software prices and the upsurge 10 HGR2 cursor to any desired origin. Lock the of interest in CAD systems for personal 20 HCOLOR = 3 cursor in place by pressing a button on computers, it's likely software packages 30 x = PDL(1) the controller. Then move a second (or with capabilities similar to those of 40 y = PDL(3)/1.34 dynamic) cursor to any desired point. As CAD -1 will one day be available for a 50 HPLOT x,y the dynamic cursor is moved, a line of few hundred dollars. 60 GOTO 30 dots connects it to the origin so you can Another strong possibility is the arriv- preview any desired line. Since the dot- al of economical, desktop CAD work- This routine tells Adam to enter its ted line expands and contracts as the stations complete with software and a high resolution mode, retrieve the joy- cursor is moved, it's called a rubberband. graphics tablet, joystick or other point- stick coordinates and mark a point on Finally, press a second button on the ing device. A hint of what is possible is the screen at their junction. Moving the controller when the desired end -point provided by Amiga Corporation, a Santa joystick handle causes a line of points to has been selected. A solid line will in- Clara, CA company that makes joystick be drawn. Both joystick values and the horizontal resolution extend from 0 to 255. Line 40 divides the vertical joystick axis by 1.34 since the vertical resolution extends only from 0 to 191 (256/192 = 1.33...). Since Adam's joystick is an 8 -position, rate -mode device, straight and an- gular lines are easily drawn. But a rate joystick doesn't allow you to move the line instantly to any point on the screen as does an absolute joystick. This routine places Adam in its graphics mode. Therefore only three or four rows of text can be placed along the bottom of the monitor's screen. To review the program or make revisions or corrections, first type TEXT and hit the RE- TURN key. This will switch the entire Fig. 4. A typical drawing produced with Robographics software. screen from graphics to the text mode. Incidentally, SmartBASIC, the pri- stantly connect the origin and the end- assemblies for video games. mary language of Coleco's Adam, is a point. Amiga is developing "Lorraine," a 16- derivative of Applesoft BASIC. There- CAD -1 includes many powerful bit graphics station complete with 128K fore, this routine might also work with drawing and editing functions. Images bytes of RAM, a slot for removable the Apple II or IIe. can be cross- hatched and selectively memory cartridges and a single disk painted in any of 16 separate colors. drive. While these specifications resem- PCjr. The PCjr uses Microsoft BA- Lines can be broken or continuous. Ver- ble those of IBM's PCjr, Lorraine, which SIC. Here's a routine that gives the cur- tical or horizontal labels and text can be the company claims will run major 16- rent coordinates of the joystick plugged entered in various sizes and rotations. bit operating systems, has a palette of into the left joystick port on the back of Isometric drawings can be easily pro- 3616 colors and the ability to remove the machine: duced with the help of angle and grid hidden lines. Moreover, Amiga expects lock commands that restrict the move- the system will sell for less than $1000. 10 X= STICK(0): ment of the cursor along preset vectors. Though Lorraine is not a CAD sys- Y= STICK(1) Portions of drawings can be enlarged to tem, it nicely illustrates how economical 20 PRINT X,Y till the entire screen by means of a zoom some sophisticated graphics stations 30 GOTO 10 command. The magnified drawing can have become. No doubt we can soon ex- then be revised or corrected. A reverse - pect to see a similar development of eco- This routine allows you to draw on the zoom feature reduces the complete nomical yet sophisticated CAD work screen of the PCjr's monitor screen image to any user -defined size. stations. 10 CLS

June 1984 21

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Build yourown IBM compatible, and save hundreds ofdollars. HEATH PROUDLY ANNOUNCES PROCEED ONE STEP THE NEW HS -151 DESKTOP AND AT A TIME. BUILD HS -161 PORTABLE COMPUTERS. CONFIDENCE... The world's largest library of PC AND AN software has IBM's name on it. But ADVANCED if that's not the name you want on COMPUTER... your computer. you dont have to be FROM A left out anymore. Now you can run SIMPLE that software on a new machine KIT. that feels superior and friendly. Superior, because it performs. Friendly. because you can build this complex computer from a simple kit. Can you do it? 85% of our first -time customers ask the same. And the answer is 100 °ro yes. You can. In fact, you should build it. There s no better introduction to computers in general and the Heath PC's in particular. So. glance at the clear simple steps that can lead to your own PC. And imagine the fun you II find along the way. EVEN OPENING THE BOX IS A PLEASURE!

The two main circuit boards come to because one picture may be worth all you as they are shown here. Pre -as- the words needed to explain a dozen sembled. They're not only corn - steps. The simpler the better. pleted... they're also factory- tested so The process is exciting because each you know they finished step is its own reward. And work. And you even step brings you nearer your com- don't have to pleted computer. bother with complicated testing EXPERT ADVICE equipment. AND TROUBLE- If all of that is SHOOTING ARE - done. then JUST A PHONE what s to build? CALL AWAY. We do ask you Getting your to build some You are never \ PC kit is exciting... of smaller alone in this and reassuring. Because as soon boards. plus process. If as you open it. you'll know its been install any op- there is ever designed by experts. Even the box tional memory you've ordered. Then any cuestion, works well. Everything is packed in you'll connect the sockets and wiring call our Service sections so you build from one orga- harnesses between components. Line. You'll reach a nized section at a time. Parts stay You'll build the chassis from pre- trained consultant whose stored in the box until needed. formed subassemblies. The keyboard specialty is talking sense, not jargon. Except for some very simple tools we is already assembled: just put the Your computer will work. Our entire include everything. You II find a sol- cover on. Then finally, bolt the power business depends on that. And we'll do dering guide for mistake -free work. supply in place. We help you by writing what3ver's necessary to make our sim- Even an extra circuit board for prac- the world's best instruction man- ple p edge come true: "We Won't Let tice soldering. uals. And we illustrate those manuals You Fail."

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com A LITTLE WONDER, ing the pride you feel when your And, because it's IBM compatible, AND A LOT OF PRIDE... new computer comes to life. your new machine can work with all that's worthwhile in software. Better YOU'VE BUILT IT. YOU'LL yet with tf e money saved by build- KNOW HOW TO USE IT. ing a kit, W ink of all the peripherals and software you can buy! You now possess the highest quality 'MS -DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft personal computer.. .with up to Corporation. 320K RAM, a professional keyboard and dual 360K disk drives. Your machine is truly complete. It's color capable and MS -DOS* is included.

Then the moment of truth. Plug it in. Slide in the included test disk. Odds are the only problem will be contain-

FOR COMPUTING ON THE GO... THE HS -161 PORTABLE.

The HS -161 has the same, features as the HS -151. Amber Monitor incltded. Convenient keyboard folds up, trio disk drives fold down.

HS -151 Desktop PC with standard floppy disk drive or op: onal hard disk. Get your FREE Get more information HEATHKIT CATALOG Mail this coupon to: Heath Company, Dept. 010 -184 on the most rewarding Benton Harbor, MI 49022 personal computers... Name Heathkit® Address City

State Zip CP-229

Circle No. 24 on ree Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Computer Scientist

20 SCREEN 1

30 COLOR 1 40 X= STICK(0): COLOR COMPUTER HP7470A RS -232 SOCKET Y= STICK(1) CD PIN 20 50 A= X *2.9:B =Y *1.66 RD PIN 4 60 PSET (A,B) GND 70 GOTO 40 PIN 7 TD PIN 3 The PCjr's joystick is an analog type RS-232 INTERCONNECTION GUIDE that provides absolute -mode operation. S2 SI Y US B4 B3 82 BI Therefore, the dots placed on the screen follow the position of the stick. Rapid // movements of the stick will exceed the 101 © program's cycle time and widen the gap // 101 i© 0 between dots.

I If the PCjr with which you try this COLOR COMPUTER ImJ Y I routine is equipped with a standard IBM RS -232 SOCKET PARITY D A4 BAUD (VIEWED FROM OUTSIDE) HP7470A MODE SWITCH joystick, you'll be able to experiment SETTINGS NOTE: ALSO APPLIES TO TRS -80 MODEL 100 with its thumbwheels. While intended for calibrating the joystick's center -return position, the thumbwheels can be Fig. 5. RS -232 interfacing between a CoCo and HP7470A plotter. used to make drawings in the vicinity of the center of the screen. the x and y coordinates of two joysticks cursor on the screen to indicate the posi- connected to the Color Computer, load tion of the joystick's handle. The cursor TRS -80 Color Computer. Many of the and run this routine: is erased and a new one is formed when PCjr's commands are strikingly similar the joystick handle is moved. This cre- to those of Radio Shack's Color Com- 10 CLS ates the impression that the cursor fol- puter. The joystick coordinates of the 20 PRINT @O,JOYSTK(0); lows movements of the joystick's handle. Color Computer, however, extend only 30 PRINT @5,JOYSTK(1); When the joystick's fire button is from 0 to 63. Here's a low resolution joy- 40 PRINT @10,JOYSTK(2); pressed, the plotter's pen advances to the stick drawing routine for this machine: 50 PRINT @15,JOYSTK(3); designated point and draws a rectangle 60 GOTO 20 to simulate the appearance of the cursor. 10 CLS(0) Cursor images can be drawn anywhere 20 H=JOYSTK(0): on the plotter's paper. V=JOYSTK(1) Do -It- Yourself CAD This program, which can be revised 30 IF V>31 THEN V=V-32 for the PCjr, illustrates how an image 40 SET(H,V,3) If you have access to a pen plotter and can be drawn by a plotter anywhere on a 50 RESET(H,V) a compatible computer, you can easily sheet of paper completely under joystick 60 GOTO 20 devise and experiment with programs control. Though line 110 defines the im- that perform rudimentary CAD func- age as a bar -shaped replica of the on- Unlike the previous routines, when tions. The program that follows, for ex- screen cursor, any shape that can be pro- the joystick handle is moved, this pro- ample, is for the Color Computer grammed in HPGL (Hewlett- Packard gram erases the point previously set on equipped with a joystick and the HP- Graphics Language), the plotter's lan- the screen. This is done since low resolu- 7470A pen plotter: guage, can be drawn. Since the plotter tion points are four times the size of high has a resolution of 0.001" , images can be resolution points. Omit line 50 to draw a 05 'JOYPLOT drawn on paper having much finer detail line of these large, rectangular points. 10 CLS (0) than those displayed on the monitor's Some CAD systems provide an on- 15 PRINT @ O,JOYSTK(0); screen. screen digital readout of the cursor's 20 PRINT @ 5,JOYSTK(1) For this program to work, the Color coordinates. 30 H= JOYSTK(0): Computer and HP -7470A plotter must You can easily add this capability to V= JOYSTK(1) be able to communicate with one another the previous routine by inserting the fol- 40 IF V >31 THEN V =V -32 over their common RS -232 ports. Figure lowing lines: 50 SET (H,V,3) 5 shows the necessary connections and 60 RESET(H,V) switch settings. Incidentally, don't be 15 PRINT @ 0,JOYSTK(0); 70 P =PEEK (65280) concerned if the plotter's error light be- 16 PRINT @ 5,JOYSTK(1); 80 IF P =126 THEN 110 gins blinking. Probably because of the 60 GOTO 15 90 IF P =254 THEN 110 Color Computer's limited RS -232 port, 100 GOTO 15 the HP -7470 will frequently indicate the Note that line 60 is changed to reflect 110 presence of an error condition even the new lines. When the revised program PRINT #- 2, "SC0,70,0,35; though it continues to function normally. is run, the x and y coordinates indicating SP1;PA "H,V ";PR,0,0,PD, If you don't have access to either or the position of the joystick's handle will 2,0,0,2,- 2,0,0,- 2,PU;" both Color Computer and HP -7470A appear in two small windows near the 120 GOTO 15 plotter, the program can be modified for upper left corner of the monitor's screen. other equipment. Line 110 is the only Most personal computers have two This program places the Color Com- line that sends instructions to the plot - joystick ports. To simultaneously view puter in its resolution mode and draws a (Continued on page 105)

24 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ....4101...0 , »M.

TEK 601MHZ OSCILLOSCOPES PRICE STANDARD

Tek's best -selling 60 MHz scopes: Now 25 ways better for not a penny more!

Now Tek has improved its giving these scopes the final measure 2213,2215 scopes with brighter cf convenience. displays. Greater accuracy. Triggering, sweep accuracy, And more sensitive triggering. CMRR and many more major At no increase in price. specifications are better than ever. The 60 MHz 2213 and dual time Check the performance chart. not base 2215 have been the most bad for scopes already considered popular scopes in Tektronix the leaders in their class! history. Now, Tek The price: still introduces an 'A" $1200* for the Series update with 2213A, $1450* for more than 25 speci- the 2215A. Or, step fication and feature up to the 100 MHz enhancements - 2235 for just $1650 *! things you have You can order, ob- asked for such as tain literature, or single sweep -all get expert tech- included at no nical advice, added cost. through Tek's A brighter National Market- display and new ing Center. vertical ampli- Direct orders fier design include oper- provides sharp, ator manuals, crisp traces. Specification two 10X probes, That makes the 2213N enhancement 22112215 "A" Series 2213/2215 15 -day return policy, 2215A a prime candidate CRT brightness 14 kv accel. potential 10 kv accel. potntial world -wide service back- for tasks like TV trouble- Vertical accuracy 3 %, 0° to 50°C 3 %, + 20° to 30°C up and comprehensive shooting and testing, Chop rate 500 kHz 250 kHz 3 -year warranty. where fast sweeps are Input capacitance 20 pF 30 pF Talk to our technical typical. CMRR 10 to 1 at 25 MHz 10 to 1 at 10 MHz experts. New features include Channel isolation 100:1 at 25 MHz Not specified 10 MHz bandwidth limit A Trigger sensitivity (int) 0.3 div at 5 MHz 0.4 div at 2 MHz Call toll -free: switch, separate A/B TV triggering 1.0 div compos. sync 2.0 div compos. sync 1 -800- 426-2200 dual intensity controls Sweep accuracy (in 10X) 4 %, 15° to 35°C 5 %, 20° to 30°C

(2215A only), and power- Delay jitter 20,000 to 1 (2215A) 10,000 to 1 (2215) Ext. 184. on light: additions custom- 10,000 to 1 (2213A) 5,000 to 1 (2213) In Oregon call collect: ers have suggested for Holdoff Range 10:1 4:1 (503) 627 -9000 Ext. 184. Mktronix COMMITTEE) TO EXCELLENCE 'Price F 0 B Beaverton. OR All scopes are UL Listed and CSA approved. 3 -year warranty includes CRT and applies to 2000 family oscilloscopes purchased after 1/1/83

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com At CIE,you get electronics career training from specialists.

If you're interested in learning how to fix air conditioning, service cars or install heating systems - talk to some other school. But if you're serious about electronics... even earning an Associate Degree... come to CIE -The Electronics Specialists.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Why trust your education he into digital theory- essential in Electronics Engineering Tech- and career future to any- training today for anyone who nology. Any CIE career course thing less than a specialist? wants to keep pace with the state can offer you credit toward the You shouldn't. And you of the art of electronics. With degree...more than half of the certa,nly don't have to. CIE's Digital Lab, you'll be number needed in some cases. If you talked to some of our applying in dozens of fascinating You can also prepare for the graduates, chances are you'd find ways the theory you've learned. government-administered FCC a lot of them shopped around For example, you'll compare k Federal Communications for their training. They pretty analog and digital devices. You'll Commission) Radiotelephone much knew what was available. learn to make binary to decimal License, General Class. It can be And they picked CIE as conversions and to work with a real mark in your favor... number one. semiconductor devices and government -certified proof of Be sure to shop around. circuits. You'll see how digital your specific knowledge and Because, frankly, CIE isn't for equipment is vital to today's skills. everyone. exciting, growing fields such as Shop around...but send for There are other options for the security... where digital theory CIE's free school catalog hobbyist If you're the ambitious provides the brains for space -age first! type -with serious career goals in alarm and protective devices. Mail the card. If it's gone, cut out electronics -take a close look at You'll build your Microproc- and mail the coupon. If you prefer what we've planned for you at CIE. essor Training Laboratory, to write, mention the name and What you should look a working microcomputer -from date of this magazine. We'll send for first. "scratch." You'll also learn how you a copy of CIE's FREE school Part of what makes electronics to program and interface it with catalog -plus a complete pack- so interesting is its based on displays, memories, switches, age of independent home scientific discoveries -on ideas! and more. study information! For your So the first thing to look for is a Earn An Associate Degree convenience, we'll try to have a program that starts with ideas from CIE. representative contact you to and builds on them! One of the best credentials answer your questions. That's what happens with CIE's you can have in electronics Mail the card or coupon - Auto - Programmed °Lessons. -or any other career field or write: CIE, 1776 Each lesson takes one or two prin- -is a college degree. That's East 17th St., ciples and helps you master them why CIE gives you the op- Cleveland, -before you start using them! portunity to earn an OH 44114. How practical is the Associate in Applied training? Science This is the next big important question. After all, your career will be built on what you can do- and on how well you do it. Here are ways some of CIE's career courses help you get your "hands -on" training... With CIE's Personal Training Laboratory... MOM= NM MI IMO MN Ell NM NO MI NM NM MN you learn and review the basics - of experiments. r perform dozens Cleveland Institute of Electronics, Inc. Plus, you use a 3 -in -1 precision I CIE 1776 East 17th Street, Cleveland, Oho 44114 Multimeter to learn testing, Accredited Member National Home Study Council checking, analyzing! 1 YES... I'm shopping around for the right kind of career training in electronics - When you get your own and CIE sounds well worth looking into. Please send me my FREE CIE school 5MHz, solid -state catalog- including details about the Associate Degree program -plus my FREE 1 package of home study information! oscilloscope, you take some real professional steps. You use Print Name it as a doctor uses an X -ray 1 Address Apt machine -to "read" waveform City - State Zip patterns...lock them in...study, Age Area Code /Phone No. understand and interpret them! Check box for G.I. Bill information: Veteran Cl Active Duty When you get your Digital Learning Laboratory, you'll I MAIL TODAY! PE-13

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com HARDWARE REVIEWS

this transportable IBM PC compatible a analog /digital converter, RGB color strong competitor in the computer -clone monitor, and an external IBM -style ex- market. It also has going for it a wide pansion bus chassis. Upgrading the Cha- THE range of hardware options that can meleon Plus could be a simple matter of transform this Chameleon to suit the adding a couple of ICs and a cable or CHAMELEON many tasks a portable computer might two. However, it may also require the re- be asked to do. programming of a PAL. The Chameleon Plus seeks to imitate PLUS Hardware Construction Big Blue's innards as closely as possible by including hardware for a separate The Chameleon Plus's electronics are DMA controller (8237), a programma- Seequa's upgraded IBM carefully layed out on four printed cir- ble interval timer (8253), a programma- compatible portable cuit boards: a 12'/2" X 17" main board ble interrupt controller (6845), a multi - that lies across the top of the unit, a CRT protocol serial I/O controller with dual had double -sided drives electronics board, and two power -supply full -duplex transceivers (UART -like and 256K RAM boards located directly behind the CRT 8274), and a double- sided, double- densi- display screen. About half of the inte- ty floppy disk controller (p 2D765). BY CHARLES R RUBENSTEIN grated circuits on the main board are These implement the standard DB25 se- socketed for easy repair and upgrading rial RS -232C port, and a Centronics - MNY of the so- called new mi- to enhanced systems. In addition to the type parallel port, which are located be- crocomputers coming onto two processors; the unit contains 16K of hind a movable panel in the rear of the the market are really either ROM (8K for the monitor, 8K for the unit. The parallel port connector is a portable versions of standard configura- character generator) upgradable to 48K, DB25 connector using IBM pinouts. tions, or upgraded versions of older 256K of 9 -bit dynamic RAM up- (Unfortunately, Seequa provides no models. The Seequa Computer Corpora- gradable externally to over 700K, 4K technical documentation that indicates tion's new Chameleon Plus (suggested video RAM, and 17 PAL (programma- the pinouts of either the serial or parallel retail price, $2895) falls into the latter ble array logic) circuits. ports.) The full power of the floppy disk category. Like the original Chameleon, Fifteen empty sockets allow for controller is available through disk for- the Chameleon Plus is a dual -processor user /dealer upgrades, such as the addi- mat conversion programs such as system; its 8088 and Z80 processors offer tion of an 8087 math coprocessor, four Crossdata (Award Software, 236 North users access to both the 16 -bit world of 8K ROMs, and ICs for the optional pe- Santa Cruz Ave., Los Gatos, CA 95030). MS -DOS and CP /M -86 and the 8 -bit ripheral ports. Cutouts have been made Because the cost of random access world of CP /M -80. The Chameleon on a recessed rear panel for the following memory has recently dropped, while its Plus, however, comes with standard ports: an IEEE standard 488 GPIB storage capacities have increased, manu- double -sided disk drives and 256K talker/listener controller and transceiv- facturers now routinely package 128K RAM, improvements that should make er system, a second Serial RS -232 or 256K of dynamic RAM with their

30 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com portable computers. Not to be outdone character when fully depressed. When a in this regard, Chameleon Plus has key is pressed, a speaker in the rear of the 256K of parity- checked bytes. Thus, un- console emits a chirping sound. (No in- der its cover are four banks of nine (not structions are provided for disconnect- eight) 64K X 1 -bit dynamic memory ing this feature if it is not desired.) The chips. In reading from and writing to 10 function keys are used alone, and in memory, this extra bit is used to check conjunction with the SHIFT, ALT, and the parity of the stored byte. CTRL keys to produce up to 40 key func- The Chameleon Plus is housed in an tions. There are two keys with LEDs: a '.Y,uo.cn IgJ.11111iil,NNrd.H'h13ile.ahl1yY1 '. the instrument -like cream -colored case that =.:h00h1 h$.wb:wl:?1:i11;?ll:llw caps lock key and a key that toggles measures about 8" X 181/4" X 16" and numeric keypad between numbers (LED (Figs. 1 and 2) Only SuperCalc3 weighs 31 lb. Attached to the sides of the on) and cursor control. protected fields are illegible. case is a black metal handle for trans- Standard keyboard encoding is per- porting the closed unit. When the system formed on this Keytronic- manufactured is in use, the handle folds under it, tilting keyboard using an 8748 dedicated mi- the screen to a viewing angle of about crocomputer with on -chip 2K ROM for 10 °. You must be careful, however, to serial coding of the keys. I was unable to avoid pinching your fingers when mov- locate any program or documentation ing the handle from its in -use position to on reconfiguring or revising the codes its transporting position. for either the number pad or function A movable panel at the rear of the keys. The keys are configured for use computer allows access to the detach- with Perfect Software products. able ac line cord, the fuse, the keyboard connector socket, the brightness control, The Display Monitor and various I/O connectors. (None of the connectors is identified.) There is no This panel should be redesigned so that The 9 " -diagonal screen adequately reset switch at the back of the Chame- it opens to the side, or is removable, and displays 24 lines of 80 characters each. leon. To recover from most software is not such an eyesore. (The manufacturer claims that 25 lines hangups, you can press the SHIFT, ALT, are possible, but I have seen no more DEL keys simultaneously. (Although no The Keyboard than 24 plus space at the bottom of the mean feat for one -handed programmers, screen.) The characters are readable, but this is quite effective and avoids scraped Sometimes I wonder if the designers there is a blurring of the horizontal dots forearms from reaching into the back to of portable computer keyboards all at- that make up the 8 X 8 matrix on the reset.) If a serious hangup occurs, you tended the same seminar, for they all display, a product of the Clinton Taiwan can always make a cold start by turning seem to connect the keyboard to the con- Corporation. Lowercase letters such as the unit off and then on again. sole with unshielded modular telephone g, q, and y are provided with descenders. Unlike the manufacturers of several wire. The Chameleon Plus's keyboard The monochrome display resolution is other portables, Seequa seems to have uses a six -pin cord that can't be detached an impressive 640 X 200 pixels. If a col- made an effort to avoid vent slots and ex- from the keyboard without opening the or monitor is used, the resolution will be posed connectors. Even the fan, which is unit. Its standard 3' coiled cord can ex- 320 X 200 pixels. mounted inside the computer, cannot tend to 6', easily accommodating the ex- There is an 8K ROM labeled FONT in- begin circulating air until the movable tra 20" required to reach around the side side the console, which led me to expect panel at the rear is opened. I can't help and plug into the rear. This can be a built -in graphics and special characters. being annoyed, however, with the de- problem in systems with shorter cords. If an advanced set of multiple characters signers of this movable panel. There The full- featured, 83 -key keyboard is available, however, it is inaccessible, seems to be no way to justify a 4" X 4" duplicates the IBM PC keyboard layout. for the documentation provides no infor- metal panel hinged to open down onto All keys produce a single character mation about it. the desk with cables hanging out over it. when pressed lightly and repeat the (Continued on page 94)

pe Ill on Chameleon Plus Computer .uMfr: Seequa Corp. 8305 Telegraph Rd. Odenton, MD 21113 Operating system: MS -DOS 1.25 Dimensions: 8"H X 181/4 "W X 16 "D Weight: 31 lb Price: $2895 111111111111111111

110101011111N11 mnun11MIN11uui II iii Illlllllllllll

June 1984 31

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com HARD COPY WITH A FLAIR Texas Instruments' TI-855 dot-matrix printer gives new meaning to the term flexibility BYALEXANDER BURAWA

CotvsIDERING the state of current printer technology. the announcement of a new dot -matrix impact printer that can create copy in the Model 855 has three front -panel slots indicators in the control panel area and both draft - and letter -quality modes is for plugging in a choice of solid -state in each plugged -in font module light up. hardly an occasion to break out the ROM font modules that emulate daisy- When the diagnostic procedure is com- champagne. Many recently introduced wheel or thimble print elements. plete (and the system passes muster), matrix printers have this capability. But Currently available options for the only those I.EDs that indicate the de- few in its price range offer the combina- Model 855 printer include about a dozen fault settings on the panel and the LED tion of print quality, throughput, and different character -font ROM modules in the module plugged into slot I remain flexibility available in the Texas Instru- that sell for around $40 each, a 4K RAM on. The default settings put the printer ments Model 855. We have used this buffer expansion module, a drop -in de- into the DRAFT mode and set character printer for several months in a real -life sign-it- yourself character font RAM spacing to 10 pitch, line spacing to 1, and office environment and conclude that module, a drop -in fanfold paper feeder, a form length to 66 lines. Any option can the TI Model 855 sets new standards for roll -paper holder, a stacking tray for fan- be easily changed by pressing various printer design and flexibility. fold paper, and cables for specific makes combinations of switches. The Model 855 is likely to be all the and models of computers. One control panel switch, labeled printer you will ever need unless you re- Monut t: sEi Ecr, permits selection of quire camera -ready copy. For high- Control Panel any one of the ROM font modules speed throughput, where print quality is plugged into the three slots. When a car- of only secondary importance, the Mod- The Model 855 printer is designed for tridge is enabled, its built -in green LED el 855 can breeze along in its draft mode simple operation and features a touch - is on. at 150 cps for hours on end. But if you type membrane control panel for select- Another switch offers a choice of ei- need letter -quality copy, this printer can ing various printing options and a collec- ther draft - or letter- quality printing, hammer it out in a wide variety of fonts tion of red and green LEDs that indicate while a CHAR SPACING switch offers a at about 35 cps. Throughput in the let- mode and function selections. choice of pitches. Each preprogrammed ter- quality mode may not be very fast, On power -up, the printer performs a ROM font module has a default pitch of but it equals or surpasses that of top - self-diagnostic, during which all LED 10, 12, 12.5, or 15 built into it that can he quality true formed -character printers selling for $2000 and more. And with its built -in, user- selectable /programmable This is a sample of printing using the Courier WP RS -232 serial and Centronics parallel in- font cartridge in standard draft mode puts, the printer is compatible with vir- This is a sample of printing using the Courier WP tually all personal computers on the font market. cartridge in quality mode This is a santp1e The Model 855 features a replaceable of printing using the Courier 9 -wire printhead, a 256 -character buffer, Italic WP font cartridge in standard draft pode and friction feed for handling cut -sheet This is a sample of printing using the Courier and roll paper for a hase price $935 of Italic WP font cartridge in quality mode ($995 with optional adjustable tractor This is a sample feeder). A built -in ROM gives the print- of printing using the Prestige er both draft -quality character and mo- Elite font cartridge in quality mode, compressed. saic graphics printing capability; and dot graphics capability for providing hard Printed samples illustrate the difference between draf t- copy of screen graphics is also featured. and letter -quality modes. The compressed letter quality Finally, and perhaps most importantly, at the bottom is obviously more professional.

32 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Control panel for selecting Front -panel slots accept up to three ROM modules for modes and print options. selecting a variety of character fonts for printed text.

easily overridden using the CHAR SPAC- preprogrammed character -font ROM the cartridge slot, installing the desired ING Switch. cartridges. Once installed in the printer's cartridge, and manually selecting the A I.INIE SPACING switch offers a slots, ROM cartridges can be individual- newly installed cartridge. The procedure choice of 6 lines per inch (lpi) or 8 Ipi in ly switched in and out as needed during a sounds more complicated and time -con- single -space mode, or 3 or 4 Ipi in dou- printing session. Selection and deselec- suming than it really is, since it can be ble -space mode. The FORM LENGTH and tion can be accomplished either by press- accomplished in less time than it takes to LINE FEED switches are used to repro- ing a switch on the printer's control pan- explain it or to change a printwheel. gram the forni length from the printer's el or, more practically, if many font With no cartridge plugged into any of default of 66 lines. To accomplish this, changes are to be made in the text of a the printer's slots, the Model 855 can you first press the oN LINE switch to take document, by embedding appropriate still hammer out copy with its built -in the printer off -line. Then you press the control codes in the applications soft- character set ROM, though only in the FORM LENGTH switch to enter the pro- ware. This ability to instantaneously draft -quality mode. The internal draft - gramming mode and press the LINE change fonts while the printer is in oper- mode ROM differs from that normally FEED switch as many times as required ation makes the TI 855 more convenient used in most other dot -matrix printers for the new form length. Finally, press- to use than true formed -character print- on the market in that it offers only stan- ing FORM I ENGTH terminates program- ers, which require that printing be sus- dard Roman characters. While most ming mode and pressing ON LINE puts pended to remove one printing element dot- matrix printers can print italics from the printer hack on -Iin and replace it with another. their built -in character -set ROMs, the Although the Model 855 printer has Model 855 requires the use of a font car- Print Options only three font cartridge slots, more tridge. The internal character ROM than three font cartridges can be used in does provide 10 -, 12 -, and 17 -pitch char- The Model 855 is very flexible due to a single document simply by embedding acters and variable line spacing. Plug - its ahi ity to accommoda e up to three wait commands in the file, deselecting (Continued on page 95) L Ir'_MIIII... Specifications ___ "-¡_}}_}}+_}}_-'M'7 1 Model 855 Printer r .___-m I Cmu Itttt IIIII nu Q i Mfr: Texas Instruments Inc. I I 1111111111111111111IEil Illlllllllllllllllllllllo I 12501 Research Blvd., Box 2909 of1 JI 1 Austin, TX 78769 41.- - IIYWtYIiiYtlliiitöiYiiiii Dimensions: 17"W x 13"D x 5"H I ir Price $936 ($995 with ractor) ...... ri..rm ordain p::_ I llllllllllllll . __ _ - -__ : ...... _....._...g.... -.l;: ...... _ ...... _...._._ _ ...... Ioormt rìuiiinïmu uilli i\ ,_ _. li._ - - -- li ! % 1_ - 1 - _ - ,I. ._.__...._. 1,==.4 ------. J.... r _- _ I 1_1 I I 1 1II11 III 111111111 June 1984 33

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Hardware Reviews

Specifications

Model MD11 Desktop Computer Mfr: Morrow 600 McCormick St. San Leandro, CA 94577 Dimension: 16.7 "W x 11.3 "D X 5.3 "H Price: $2995 Specifications: Z80 CPU; 128K RAM; 5t/, ", 11M (formatted) hard disk system; 51/4" half- height, double- sided, double -density floppy drive; two RS- 232C serial and one Centronics parallel ports; QWERTY keyboard plus 14 -key numeric pad, four cursor keys, nine user -definable function keys; 12" diagonal green screen; 80 x 24- character display.

tured video terminal, and an impressive ity and provides 11.0M of real storage af- array of bundled software. The exciting ter formatting. The system has a maxi- MORROW'S news is the system's low price -only mum transfer rate of 625K bps (bits per $2995 complete. second) and an average random access NEW HARD Clearly, the MD11 is very price com- time of 95 milliseconds. Included with petitive with other hard disk desktop the hard disk system is a half-height, computers. But how does it stack up in double- sided, double-density 5'/," flop- DISK MDII terms of features and performance? To py disk drive for loading and unloading find out, we used the MD11 over a three - programs and data to and from the hard month period with a variety of applica- disk. The disk controller can support a Powerful Z80 system tions software, including word process- second hard disk system and /or floppy offers 11 -Mb hard disk, ing, database management, accounting, drive, which are optionally available 128K RAM and programming packages. What we from Morrow. Additional disk units re- found pleased us. quire their own separate power supply and CP/M 3.0 and enclosure. Inside the Computer Extra hardware and software support are provided to further improve the per- BY MICHAEL GUTTMAN Like earlier Morrow computers, the formance of the hard disk system. Key

MDI 1 is based on the Zilog Z80 micro- to this support is Morrow's proprietary processor. However, while most Z80- version of controlled memory access IN the stampede to jump onto the based desktop computers are limited to (CMA), which uses the CPU to transfer IBM PC- compatinle bandwagon, 64K of RAM, Morrow takes advantage information directly from the disk to many consumers may overlook of the Z80's memory banking feature to main memory and bypasses the CPU some of the excellent values available in access the entire 128K of RAM supplied registers. In addition, Morrow's CP /M 8 -bit computers that run the CP /M op- with the MD11. To support this feature, 3.0 uses the upper 64K of RAM as a erating system. Among the best known Morrow chose the CP /M 3.0 operating "disk cache" system that stores the most of these is the line of desktop computers system (also popularly known as CP /M recently used and active disk sectors in offered by Morrow Designs. And per- Plus), which is an upgrade of the more RAM to cut down on actual disk access- haps one of the best buys in the market- familiar CP /M 2.2. es. These features provide the MDII place is this company's new Model The real power behind the MD11 is its user with exceptionally fast response MD11, which includes an 11M hard 51/4" half -height hard disk system, from the hard disk system. disk system, 128K of RAM, a full -fea- which has a 12.76M unformatted capac- (Continued on page 40)

34 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com A TRS-80® Color Computer 2 Makes Learning Child's Play

Our TRS -80 Extended BASIC Color play constructively and learn ac- The second series for ages 7 thru Computer 2 is an exciting learning tively through the use of vivid color 10 focuses on problem solving tool that entertains while it edu- graphics and engaging sound ef- through cooperation with others. cates. Just hook it up to any TV and fects. And since the level of diffi- This series includes Taxi', you have a valuable home learning culty and pacing of the game Star Trap' and Peanut system in your living room. With the are under the player's control Butter Panic ". Each pro- excellent line of programs devel- your child will progress in his gram posts only $19.95. oped by The Children's Television or her unique You also get an Workshop, the creators of Sesame way. The first se- informative man- Street children are encouraged to ries of programs ual for both child for ages 3 thru 6 and parent to uses the popular help you get the Sesame Street most from each characters to encourage prac- program. The only "extras" tice of basic preschool skills. you'll need are a pair of joy- Choose Grover's Number sticks aid a cassette re- Rover', Ernie's Magic corder. Come into your Shapes', Big Bird's nearest Radio Slack Computer Special Delivery" or Center, participating Radio Shack Cookie Monster's store or dealer today and ask for Letter Crunch'. a oemonstration

16K Extended BASIC USE YOUR Color Computer 2 Radre /Mac* CITp.mE

19926-3027 SM Send for a free TRS -80 Computer catalog.

Mail To Radio Shack. Dept 84 -A -685 300 One Tandy Center, Fort Worth, TX 76102

ftadue IhaeK NAME The Technology Store ADDRESS A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION CITY STATE ZIP Prices apply at participating Radio Shack stores and dealers. TV, cassette recorder and loysticks sold separately. Programs. 1983 Children's Computer Workshop, Inc. All rights reserved. Moppet characters are trademarks of TELEPHONE Moppets, Inc. Sesame Street is a registered trademark of Children's Television Workshop. All other titles are trademarkds of Children's Computer Workshop, Inc. CitiLine is a service mark of Citicorp. L J

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com In Computer Electronics... NTS TRAINING GIVES YOU THE EDGE The competition for High -Technology careers is strong, and the rewards are great. Give yourself the edge you need by training with NTS.

NTS «ITFORIE home training provides employment opportunities, especially in you with a special kind of "Hands -On" servicing and maintenance. Computer servicing experience that prepares you better, skills can best be learned by working directly on field -type equipment. NTS electronic develops your skills faster. You hardware is advance selected and developed especially for the as quickly as you wish, working with training program with which it i5 associated. You actual circuits, diagrams, schematics, learn by doing, by assembling, by performing and state -of- the -art hardware. There are tests and experiments, covering principles of a dozen different NTS programs in computer electronics, microprocessor troubleshooting, and circuitry. electronics to help you develop and reach your potential. They range from basics to advanced areas in several MICROCOMPUTERS fields. And the ALL -NEW NTS course catalog spells it all out. It's free, and NTS offers three programs in computer electronics. You will receive does not obligate you in any way. Send training covering solid -state devices, digital logic circuitry, and the for it today. fundamentals of the computer itself. Instruction includes micro -control technology and detailed A GROWTH INDUSTRY operation of microcomputers. These courses will prepare you for entry -level in many facets of the High -Technology is a growth industry. The computer industry such as field service and evidence is clear, and most observers predict a customer engineering as well as programming. steady expansion due to a relatively strong flow In addition to written texts your course includes of investment capital into computers, electronics the NTS /HEATH disc -drive computer which you and precision instruments. Sales of computers assemble as part of the training process. The alone will reach an estimated ten million units assembly and use of the computer will serve to this year. This means challenges and new reinforce practical application of principles.

36 Computers & Electron:

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY The field of industrial and microprocessor technology encompasses the application of electronic microprocessor control principles. Your course takes you from fundamentals of digital electronics and associated circuitry through the application of the microprocessor as a control device. You will learn how to move and manipulate instructions and information. The microprocessor trainer included in your course is a microcomputer system designed as a practical tool for learning the use of software and hardware techniques utilized in the linking of microprocessors to various systems.

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS manufacturing processes. In Video technology, a The NTS Compu- Trainer is a fascinating solid - new course features the advanced NTS/Heath Z state device which you will build in order to Chassis "Smart Set" color TV with computer perform over ninety logic circuit experiments. space command remote control and space These experiments serve to emphasize an area of phone. This is an excellent program for those electronics which is essential to the under- interested in a career in video servicing with standing of state -of- the -art control equipment; microcomputer basics. they are also extremely important to those wanting to pursue a career in computer servicing. Separate courses involving the EARN CEU CREDITS Compu- Trainer are also available in Microcomputer Servicing and Digital /Analog America's industrial giants are turning more and Electronics. more frequently to home study as an effective way to upgrade employee skills. You benefit from the experience NTS has gained in its 79 years as a ROBOTICS & VIDEO TECHNOLOGY leader in technical training. The skills and experience gained in the building of kits and test Other NTS courses cover a wide range of equipment provide you with training that cannot specialization. In Robotics, the NTS /Heath Hero I be duplicated. And, is included to train you in robotic applications in depending on the program you select, you can earn up to 30 CEU credits for successful completion. Complete details included in the catalog.

Use the mall -In card or fill out and mall the coupon. Indicate the field of your choice. (One, only please.) FREE lull color catalog will be sent to you by return mall. Ir NATIONAL TECHNICAL SCHOOLS Dept 205 -064 4000 South Figueroa Street, Los Angeles, CA 90037 Please send FREE color catalog on course checked below Robotics Computer Electronics NO OBLIGATION NO SALESMAN WILL CALL Digital Electronics Video Technology Auto Mechanics Home Appliances NATIONAL Air Conditioning /Solar Heating TECHNICAL Name Age Address Apt

SCHOOLS City State TECHNICAL TRADE TRAINING SINCE 1905 Zip Phone 1 1 Resident and Home -Study Schools Check if interested ONLY in classroom training in Los Angeles 4000 So. Figueroa St., Los Angeles, CA 90037 Check if interested in G.I. Bill Information. L June1984 39

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Morrow MD11

stand, menu -driven installation Physical Characteristics Communications program. The spreadsheet offered with the The MD11 consists of a main unit and The MD11 has as standard features MD11 is the well -known Supercalc. The a video terminal. In the main unit are the two RS -232C serial ports and one database manager is Personal Pearl, hard and floppy disk systems, Z80 pro- Centronics -style parallel port. One serial which has long been standard with the cessor, memory, and related compo- port is intended for the terminal, while Morrow line and is now gaining a popu- nents. This unit is relatively compact the other serial port and the parallel port lar following elsewhere. Pearl is one of and lightweight, measuring 16.7" W X can be used for printers, modems, or any the easiest database programs to learn 11.3" D X 5.3 "H and weighing just over other peripherals. Morrow provides an and use. It will also produce reports in 22 lb. easy -to -use program called "Setup" that the NewWord (WordStar) format for in- All hookups to the main unit are made allows the user to reconfigure these ports clusion in documents and Supercalc for- via connectors mounted on the rear of to meet the specifications of other mat for spreadsheets. the cabinet. Each connector is clearly la- peripherals. The MD11 also comes with Quest beled for easy installation. The power A third serial port can be optionally Bookkeeper II, a simplified version switch is also located on the rear connected into the system through an- available only through Morrow of a full panel-a bit awkward to reach -but the other RS -232C connector or configured accounting system sold by Quest. This RESET button for reinitializing the sys- to connect to an on -board RS -422 con- package also includes a general ledger tem is located on the front panel. nector. The RS -422 connector can run in with financial statements, accounts re- Also contained inside the main unit is high -speed synchronous serial mode or ceivable, and cash disbursements. a 12-cfm 2'/4" cooling fan. The fan is rel- be configured to support mainframe- Programming languages supplied atively quiet, but still emits an audible compatible communications modes, with the MD11 include Microsoft BA- hum that might annoy some users. The SIC and Pilot. Morrow has used Pilot to unit's power supply is rated at 100 watts, program a menu -driven control system 117 volts. that guides the novice user from start -up The exciting news to power -down. Called Co- Pilot, it elim- The Terminal is the system's inates the need to know anything about the operating system for first -time users The terminal that comes with the low price - of the MD11. With Pilot, a more experi- MD11 computer has a 12" diagonal only $2995 enced user can easily modify Co -Pilot to nonglare green screen and can display add new applications to the menus to up to 80 columns by 24 lines of text. complete customize a "turnkey" system for novice Each displayable character is formed in users. a 9 X 12 matrix, giving the screen an ef- The CP /M 3.0 operating system mer- fective resolution of 700 X 300 pixels. such as bi- synch, HCLC, and SDLC. its some comment. If you have used ear- The standard ASCII character set is This gives the MD11 the ability to be lier versions of CP /M, the 3.0 version augmented by 64 graphics characters. used with a mainframe terminal port to will seem like a breath of fresh air. The terminal supports all combinations transfer data to and from a host comput- Among the many enhancements made in of reverse video, underlining, and half- er. However, Morrow does not currently this upgraded version are the ability to intensity display. offer software to support this function. call programs from a common logical A 6' coiled cord connects the detached disk and /or user area; redirect console keyboard to the video display monitor The Software and printer input and output to and from unit. The QWERTY -style keyboard has files; show sorted directories and per- 91 keys, including a 14-key numeric pad, Bundled with the MD11 is an array of form date and time stamping; and pro- four cursor control keys, and nine user - software that includes a word processor, vide on -line assistance using a help corn - definable function keys. spelling checker, spreadsheet, database mand. In addition, CP /M 3.0 comes Manufactured to Morrow's specifica- manager, bookkeeping system, and two with a comprehensive and well- written tions by Zenith, this terminal closely re- programming languages. In addition, set of manuals that are a real treat after sembles Zenith's own Z-29 terminal. the CP /M 3.0 operating system offers a the cryptic documentation supplied with One particularly nice feature is the ter- number of useful features not found in earlier versions of CP /M. All programs minal's screen -saver time -out, which earlier versions of CP/M. from these versions should run under automatically turns off the display when The NewWord word processor, re- CP/M 3.0, with the exception of those no activity is detected after about 10 viewed elsewhere in this issue, is practi- that directly call the BIOS. minutes and restores it as soon as any cally a carbon copy of the well -known Morrow's standard implementation key is pressed or a character is received WordStar word processor. Morrow al- of CP /M for the MD11 places drive A from the computer. lows buyers to substitute WordStar 3.0 on the hard disk and drive B on the flop- Morrow provides additional support for NewWord. But based on our experi- py. Morrow provides a "virtual drive" for the terminal in the form of a software ence, no advantage is to be gained by feature that permits the floppy to be tem- feature that allows the user to redefine making the substitution. NewWord is porarily reassigned to drive C, D, or E. It the function keys or any other keys. actually easier to learn, and it comes also provides a trap for CP/M's With this feature, the user can store sets with an excellent manual. It also in- read /write disk error, allowing the user of commands or commonly used text to cludes all the features of WordStar's to recover from certain operational er- be brought up whenever desired. This is MailMerge, which is usually an expen- rors without crashing a running particularly useful in word processing sive option with WordStar. For those us- program. and programming, which require many ers who customize their word processor, A "Backfield" program is provided repetitive functions. NewWord comes with an easy -to- under- (Continued on page 110)

40 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Th Com p utr EooN Clh G Recognized as the authoritative source for micro users! Superior Performance,

1473 List $21.95 Practical Price! List $19.95 Rrady-in -Run More ways to use your micro Programs in Using 6 Programming programs, projects, 64. BAS!(.. s,,+.,. the Commodore for home, hobby, education, and business! tome hINOVA Select 5 Books for $2-0 Only 1712 1466 List $13.95 List $13.95 List $18.95

C ifPUTERS

1567 ~1423 1276 List 518.95 List $13.95 List $19.95 List $14.95 List $16.95 List 510.95 (paper) List $15.95

ROBOTS AND E( .' CRiaTr rtxMiXkt'i COMPUTER ROBOTOLDGY Making TE a aocsso COOKBOOK6B BUgtD C P/M -80 PhBIN F PASCAL . Work for You

33 lil.sw.,O1 1519... 1205 1673 1160 1764 1295 List $19.95 List $19.95 List $16.95 List $19.95 List $16.95 List $13.95 List $14.95 List $16.95 e------R MACHINE MAKING alcßaaVY =DIVESTMENT ASSEMBLY p .G FngDS,t Free guide to MONEY Ih% tIM APPie. ANALYSIS LANGUAGE PEI and NS 8U R my r<.,,1. MICROCOMPUTË PROGRAMMING BASIC Statements i6:l4%; & Commands #ies,. ° 41a>! 4r 40 oe ,, ,, 1t/` 1479 1556 1389 1640 1521 List $19.95 List $21.95 1506 List $15.95 List $7.95 (paper) List 521.95 List $17.95 Plus FREE For Joining 7 very good reasons to join Thy Compiilo UFA 310 The Computer Book Club® P.O. Box 80, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214

Big Savings. Save 20% to 75% on books sure to increase Please accept my membership in The Computer Book Club ®and send the 5 volumes your computer know -how circled below, plus my FREE copy of BASIC Statements, Commands and Functions, No -Risk Guarantee. All books returnable within 10 days billing me $2.95 plus shipping and handling charges. If not satisfied, I may return the without obligation books within ten days without obligation and have my membership canceled. I agree /handling) during Club News Bulletins. All about current selections- mains, to purchase 3 or more books at reduced Club prices (plus shipping the next 12 months, and may resign any time thereafter. alternates, extras -plus bonus offers. Comes 13 times a year with hundreds of up -to- the -minute titles you can pick from 1050 1062 1160 1195 1205 1276 1295 1389 1423 "Automatic Order." Do nothing, and the Main selection will 1455 1466 1473 1479 1496 1506 1513 1521 1533 1556 be shipped automatically! But ... if you want an Alternate 1567 1607 1633 1640 1643 1673 1710 1712 1764 selection -or no books at all -we'll follow the instructions you give on the reply form provided with every News Bulletin Name Phone _ Bonus Books. Immediately get a Dividend Certificate with to every book purchased and qualify for big discounts of 60% Address - -- - 80% Extra Bonuses. Take advantage of added -value promo- City more tions, plus special discounts on software, games, and State Zip PECC664 Exceptional Quality. All books are first -rate publisher's edi- Valid for new members only. Foreign applicants will receive special ordering instructions. Canada tions selected by our Editorial Board and filled with useful, must remit in U.S. currency. This order subject to acceptance by The Computer Book Club° up -to- the -minute information June1984 Circle No. 39 on Free Information Card 41

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com SOFTWARE REVIEWS

sheet, the variables used in the equation can specify horizontal or vertical display are automatically listed in the variable of a table of values. The display width is TK! SOLVER sheet. The latter contains information user -defined, but the accuracy to which about each variable: a field for assigning a value is displayed cannot be controlled. Equation solving power input value, an output field where the re- That means that decimal points are not sult is shown if the variable is calculated, necessarily aligned in columns. The ta- not found in the units (feet, volts, liters, etc.) of the in- bles can be output to a printer or dis- spreadsheet packages put or output, a comment field, and a played on the screen. status field. Primitive graphing capabilities exist. In the simplest models, the user de- Any sets of values in two lists can be BY LEE D. IIMSKIND fines the equations in the rule sheet, in- used for X and Y coordinates. Multiple puts the known values on the variable functions can be plotted on the same TK!Solver (TK stands for "Tool sheet, and types "!" to solve the problem. graph using different characters. Kit ") from Software Arts, Inc., Error messages are generated if the sys- Lists created by TK!Solver can be creators of VisiCalc, represents tem of equations is either over -or under - stored in DIF format, which is compati- an alternative to traditional program- defined. If the input is insufficient to ble with VisiCalc. Similarly, properly ming for the solution of systems of equa- fully solve the system of equations, the created VisiCalc files in DIF format can tions. The user can build his own model program will solve these equations that be used to create lists that can be used by by specifying a system of equations or he are satisfied, and inform the user which TK!Solver. can use one of the TK!SolverPacks, equations have not been solved. which' contain solutions for common The program is capable of creating What Makes it Different? problems in particular disciplines. lists of solutions based on lists of inputs TK!Solver and TK!SolverPacks are for one or more variables; that is, it can The capabilities described so far, with available for most professional desktop handle single- subscribed variables. Solv- the exception of unit conversion, are computers, including those made by ing equations containing multi -sub- similar to those available in any good IBM, Digital, Wang, Texas Instru- scripted variables is somewhat more spreadsheet program. The major factor ments, Grid, Eagle, Zenith, and Apple. cumbersome. that differentiates TK!Solver from these The program was tested by us on IBM One nice feature of TK!Solver is its is that it is easier to specify models where PC and Eagle computers for this review. unit -conversion capability. Variables the known components or input vari- The TK!Solver package contains a can be input in one form (feet, for exam- ables differ from one use of the model to manual, a program diskette, a backup ple) and converted to another (say, me- another. diskette (the program is copy protected), ters) automatically as long as the conver- With TK!Solver, no variable is pre - and a useful quick reference card. A ref- sion has been specified in a unit sheet. specified as input or output, and it is easy erence poster in color that can be placed The units used for output can also be to solve equations for variables on either near the computer is also supplied. specified. side of the equality. Software Arts refers The manual is divided into two parts. Solutions are displayed on the vari- to this feature as "backsolving." For ex- First, there is the instruction manual able sheet or on a table sheet. The user ample, in order to solve problems related which, when used in conjunction with some sample models included on the The package contains a manual and program and backup diskettes. program diskette, leads the reader through the building and use of several models using progressively more sophisticated features of the package. The manual is easy to follow and attempts, fairly successfully, to explain to a general audience non -trivial mathematical concepts such as iteration. The second part is a reasonably easy -to -use reference manual. A technical support phone number is provided, should a user run into difficulties that he cannot solve by referring to the manuals. The basic concept of the program is that there are "sheets" containing various kinds of information required to solve the problem in question. When the program is started up, two blank "sheets" appear on the screen -one for the "rules," or equations, and one for the "variables." For any equation specified in the rule

42 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com _...11.111Pt1N l'

to loans, a user would first enter the TK!SolverPacks is that the models can ably quickly. A simple model can be equations defining the relationship be- be modified by the user to suit particular solved in a few seconds. In general, the tween principal, periodic payments, situations. (Of course, you can create speed with which a model can be solved term of the loan, and interest rate. Then models for your own applications from is dependent upon the complexity of the he could supply input for any three of scratch.) model and the method of solution cho- the items, and TK!Solver would calcu- Other TK!SolverPacks currently un- sen (obviously, the iterative process late the value of the unknown. der development include Building De- takes longer). In fact, it often takes long- The other feature that makes sign and Construction, Electrical Engi- er to load a model than it does for it to be TK!Solver unique is its capability to neering, and Statistics. In addition, the solved. solve equations using an iterative meth- McGraw -Hill Book Company's Profes- One annoying thing about the imple- od. Iteration is a commonly applied sional and College divisions will soon mentation of TK!Solver we used, Ver- practice in everyday life, best exempli- be producing a major series of sion 1.2, is that DOS cannot be resident fied by the adage: "If at first you don't TK!SolverPacks. on the program diskette, and thus the succeed, try, try, again." Software Arts also publishes a journal program cannot be made self-loading. An artist uses the principle of iteration called TK!SATN for users of the DOS has to be loaded, the DOS disk re- when he mixes colors: to make purple, TK!Solver family of products. Modeled moved, and the TK!Solver disk inserted he combines red and blue, tests the re- after a similar production for VisiCalc in the drive. Perhaps this will be rectified sult, adds a little more of one color or the users, it contains useful hints, tips, and in the future. other, tests it again, and continues in this tutorials for the TK!Solver user. In summary, TK!Solver is convenient manner until just the right shade of pur- for solving simple systems of equations. ple is obtained. Observations It can also be used for more complicated In mathematics, the iterative process models, but will require effort on the consists of first making a guess as to the Although speed is not TK!Solver's part of the user to learn and understand solution of a problem and then using the best feature, the program does run toler- all its facilities. guess and performing a mathematical manipulation to obtain a new estimate or guess that is nearer to the correct solution. This process is continued until an WHAT IS A answer is obtained. There are, of course, instances when this procedure fails to provide an answer MATHEMATICAL MODEL? to a problem -usually when the first N the physical world, models of vari- remains valid regardless of how the guess is poor, or when no single solution ous kinds are encountered every shape of the rectangle changes. exists to solve simultaneously all the day. An architect constructs a scale The relationships between principal, equations in a system. model of a building before it is built. interest, rate, time, and total paid for a TK!Solver makes it very easy to use Children build and play with model air- loan using simple interest calculations is the iterative process. The user supplies planes or cars. All these models are con- most easily expressed using two the first guess and the maximum number crete and specific. equations: of iterations (number of guesses) desired. A mathematical model is more ab- The program does the rest, stopping stract. In general, it consists of one or Interest = Principal X Rate X Time when a solution is obtained, or the speci- more equations that define a relationship Total Payment = Principal + Interest fied number of iterations is exceeded between variables. Mathematical models without a solution being found. The in- are generally used in a business or scien- In scientific and engineering work, struction manual gives a good descrip- tific environment when it is desirable to mathematical modeling is invaluable. tion of the iterative process, along with be able to see the result of varying one or Not only can it eliminate much of the examples. more of the inputs. considerable expense of trial- and -error For example, the equation defining prototyping, it can also permit the simu- TKISoIverPacks the area of a rectangle: lation of situations or conditions (such as those found in outer space) that are Software Arts has used the TK!Solver Area = Length X Width impossible to duplicate at any expense. O program to develop models for solving problems in particular fields, and has packaged them in TK!SolverPacks. So far, three TK!SolverPacks are available: OVERVIEW Financial Management, Mechanical En- Product: TK!Solver gineering, and Introductory Science. Vendor: Software Arts, Inc. If the Financial Management package 27 Mica Lane is indicative of the other applications, Wellesley, MA 02181 they are geared toward the professional, Price: $399. TK!SolverPacks $100 each. Operating systems: IBM PC and XT (and compatibles), DEC Rainbow 100 and Profes- rather than the casual user. Some of the sional 350, Wang Professional, TI Professional, Grid Compass, topics included in the package are: com- Canon AS -100, Eagle 1600, Toshiba T300, Zenith Z -100, Apple Ile. pound interest, level debt service, System Requirements: One 5 1/4" disk drive, 128K RAM. present value calculations, bond swap TK!Solver is a satisfactory performer. If you need a 'calc program this is not for you, but if analysis, convertible debt analysis, fi- you make extensive use of mathematical models-whether for financial, engineering, or nancial statement analysis, and cost of other purposes -then this is a program to which you should give serious consideration. The equity capital. A good feature of the price is reasonable for what you get.

June 1984 43

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Diskette Users... When you've heard from all the animals in the diskette zoo, but you need fast delivery and high quality diskettes... Call Communications Electronics

Diskette order desk 800 -521 -4414 In Canada 800 -265 -4828 Choose your brand Super Disk Wabash BASF diskettes diskettes owaea diskettes ws Choose your price $0.99 each $1.14 each $1.69 each CE quant. CE quant. CE quant. Super Disk 100 price Wabash 100 price BASF 100 price Product Description Part* per disk ($) Part # per disk ($) Part # per disk ($)

8" SSSD IBM Compatible 128B/S, 26 Sector F111 1.89 8" SSSD Shugart Compatible, 32 Hard Sector F31 A 1.89 8" SSDD IBM Compatible (128 BIS, 26 Sectors) F131 2.29 8" DSDD Soft Sector (Unformated) F14A 2.69 8" DSDD Soft Sector (256 B /S, 26 Sectors) F144 2.69 8" DSDD Soft Sector (512 B /S, 15 Sectors) F145 2.69 8" DSDD Soft Sector (1024 B /S, 8 Sectors) ------F147 2.69 51/4" SSSD Soft Sector w /Hub Ring 6431 1.19 M1 1 A 1.34 51/4" SSSD Same as above but bulk product 6437 0.99 M11 AB 1.14 51/4" SSSD 10 Hard Sector w /Hub Ring ------M41A 1.34 ------51/4" SSDD Soft Sector w /Hub Ring 6481 1.44 M13A 1.59 54974 1.69 51/4" SSDD Same as above, but bulk product 6487 1.24 M13AB 1.39 ------51/4" SSDD Soft Sector Flippy (use both sides) ------M18A 2.59 51/4" SSDD 10 Hard Sector w /Hub Ring ------M43A 1.59 ------51/4" DSDD Soft Sector w /Hub Ring 6491 1.94 M14A 2.09 54980 2.44 51/4" DSDD Same as above, but bulk product 6497 1.74 M14AB 1.89 ------51/4" DSDD 10 Hard Sector w /Hub Ring ------M44A 2.09 51/4" DSDD 16 Hard Sector w /Hub Ring - - -- M54A 2.09 ------WA" DSDD Soft Sector w /Hub Ring (96 TPI) 6501 2.84 M16A 2.99 54992 3.34 31/2" SSDD Soft Sector micro-floppy ------Lifetime warranty B year warranty Lifetime warranty For more information For more info on Super Disk call For more info on Wabash call For more info on BASF call 800 -521 -4414 800 -323-9868 800 -343 -4600 about this brand call: In Michigan 313-973-1111 In Illinois 312 -593 -6363 In Massachusetts 617-271-4000

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com CE...your best source for diskettes Buyyour diskettes from CE with confidence For you the diskette buyer, it's ajungle out there. There are To get the fastest delivery of your diskettes, phone your order directly to our so many different brands to choose from, you need to go on order desk and charge it to your credit card. Written purchase orders are most well rated firms at a a a accepted from approved government agencies and safari to find good brand at a reasonable cost. 10% surcharge for net 10 billing. For maximum savings, your order should be Fortunately, CE has already hunted for the best diskettes prepaid. All sales are subject to availability, acceptance and verification. All and offers you an excellent choice at a CE price. To save sales are final. All prices are in U.S. dollars. Prices, terms and specifications you even more, CE also offers bulk product where 100 are subject to change without notice. Out of stock items will be be placed on or substituted for equivalent product at no extra cost to you unless in backorder diskettes are packed the same box without envelopes or CE is instructed differently. A $5.00 additional handling fee will be charged labels. Since we save packaging costs, these savings are for all orders with a merchandise total under$50.00. All shipments are F.O.B. passed on to you. Diskette envelopes are also available CE warehouse in Ann Arbor, Michigan. COD terms are available, in U.S. UPS from CE. These super strong and tear resistant Tyvek® areas for $5.00 extra, and are payable with cash or certified check. envelopes are only $15.00 per 100 pack. Use order* TE -5 For shipping charges add $8.00 per 100 diskettes and /or any fraction of 100 8 -inch diskettes, or $6.00 per 100 diskettes and /or arty fraction of 100 for a 100 51/4" pack of diskette envelopes. 5'/4-inch mini- diskettes for U.P.S. ground shipping and handling in the continental U.S. UPS 2nd day air rates are three times continental U.S. rates. Quantity Discounts Available For Canada, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Alaska, or APO /FPO delivery, shipping Our diskettes are packed 10 disks to a carton and 5 or 10 cartons to charges are three times continental U.S. rates. a case. The economy bulk pack is packaged 100 disks to a case Mail orders to: Communications Electronics, Box 1002, without envelopes or labels. Please order only in increments of Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 U.S.A. If you have a Visa or Master 100 units for quantity 100 pricing. With the exception of bulk pack, Card, you may call and place a credit card order. Order toll -free we are also willing to accommodate your smaller orders. Quantities in the U.S. Dial 800 -521 -4414. In Canada, order toll -free by less than 100 units are available in increments of 10 units at a 20% calling 800 -265 -4828. If you are outside the U.S. or in Michigan surcharge above our 100 unit price. Quantity discounts are also. dial 313- 973 -8888. Telex anytime 810-223-2422. Order today. available. Order300 or more disks at the same time and deduct 1%; Copyright a1984 Communications Electronics" Ad #050184 500 or more saves you 2 %; 1,000 or more saves 3 %; 2,000 or more saves 4 %; 5,000 or more saves 5 %; 10,000 or more saves 6 %; 50,000 or more saves 7 %, 100,000 or more saves 8 %, 500,000 or more saves 9% and 1,000,000 or more disks earns you a 10% discount off our super low quantity 100 price. Almost all our aCOMMUNICATIONS diskettes are immediately available from CE. Our efficient warehouse facilities are equipped to help us get you the quality product ELECTRON ICS' you need, when you need it. If you need further assistance to find the flexible diskette that's right for you, call the appropriate Computer Products Division manufacturers compatibility hotline telephone number listed at 818 Phoenix O Box 1002 O Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 U.S.A. the bottom of this ad. Dealer inquiries invited. Call TOLL -FREE 800-521-4414 or outside U.S.A. 313-973 -8888

OTDK VAI LULI EE

., Verbatim. M2DXIS i Verbatim 3M Memorex TDK Fuji diskettes ïgwas diskettes (OOW0S diskettes ioWaes diskettes lowaas diskettes m:s $1.79 each $1.84 each $1.84 each $2.09 each $2.99 each CE quant. CE quant. CE quant. CE quant. CE quant. Verbatim 100 price 3M 100 price Memorex 100 price TDK 100 price Fuji 100 price Part # per disk ($) Part # per disk ($) Part # per disk (S) Part # per disk ($) Part # per disk (S)

8SSSD 1.94 3062 1.94 F1.5 2.69 FD1S-128N 2.99 3015 1.94 8SSDD 2.39 3090 2.39 8DSDD 2.89 3102 2.89 F2D-S 3.29 FD2D 4.59

8DSDD -1024 2.89 3104 2.89 F2D-51024 3.29 FD2D-1024 4.59

28820 179 5SSDD-RH 1.84 3481 1.84 M1 D-S 2.09 MD1 D 2.99

28821 2.54 5DSDD -RH 2.59 3491 2.59 M2D-S 2.84 MD2D 3.19

28823 3.44 5DSDD -96RH 3.49 3501 3.49 M2DX-S 3.89 MD2D-96TPI 4.49 6100 3.74

Lifetime warranty Lifetime warranty 5 year warranty Lifetime warranty Lifetime warranty For more info on Verbatim call For more info on 3M call For more info on Memorex call For more info on TDK call For more info on Fuji call 800- 538 -8589 800 -328 -9438 800 -448 -1422 800 -645 -6571 800- 223 -6535 In California 408 -245 -4400 In Minnesota 612 -736 -9524 Monday- Friday 9am -4pm ET In New York 516- 625 -0100 In New York 212-736-3335 Circle No. 19 on Free Information Card www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Software Reviews

ited to what can be stored in a memory - also with the individual person using the resident buffer. Instead, text can grow to software, the equipment on which it is NewWord the point where it overflows memory. being run, and so forth. NewWord When this happens, NewWord automat- therefore contains extensive facilities for A powerful challenger ically manages the shuffling of portions customizing the software to a broad of the text in and out of memory. (In range of personal tastes or user to WordStar practice, to edit a long file you need requirements. about twice as much free space on disk as We could go on and on, but instead, BY MICHAEL MCCARTHY the size of the file you plan to modify.) let's summarize. What makes NewWord On the other hand, NewWord also al- unusual is its bundling of all these capa- ILOVE WordStar, but I've found lows you to assemble documents from bilities into a single well- documented something I like even more. It's separate files, some of them containing package. Thus you don't need one editor called NewWord. "boiler plate" text. This lets you produce for correspondence, another for pro- NewWord is powerful and sophisti- highly customized form letters, con- gramming, a third for creating con - cated word processing software, offering tracts and the like, all automatically. tracts, and a fourth for working with the most of the capabilities of more costly, Second, NewWord has extensive print output of a spread -sheet processor. You dedicated free -standing systems. formatting capabilities (including for- only need NewWord. Indeed, many people (including me) mal support of microjustification for Knowledgeable readers by now prob- believe that a general -purpose micro supported dot-matrix and letter -quality ably will have said to themselves: "Isn't coupled with a product like this is a printers). It shows you on your terminal he describing WordStar ?" The answer is much better buy than a dedicated word screen what things will look like when "yes, but" because NewWord has all the processing system, because you can use they're printed, even while the text is be- capabilities of WordStar, and more. the overall system for so many more ing created. Justification, margin con- Technical specifications comprise just things than just word processing. one of the many dimensions of a soft- And, within limits, you can run ware product. Here are some others: NewWord on the machine of your Price choice with the terminal and printer that The developers of Getting on the Air best suit your needs. NewWord have Support But I digress. Reliability How does NewWord differ from the identified Documentation dozens of other word processors? weaknesses in Performance Briefly, simpler text editors generally Ease of use tend to rely on the buffered electronic WordStar and All of these are important, and some typewriter philosophy of a decade ago. of them (for example, support and ease They may have more features -and they fixed them of use) are more important to computer certainly are a big advance over pure newcomers than are the technical typewriters -but in general they don't specifics. make serious attempts to exploit the trol and so on are automatic and visible. In a nutshell, NewWord seems to inherent strengths of many of today's This greatly reduces the number of tri- have everything that WordStar + Mail- microcomputers. al print runs you have to make to get a Merge has -and more. If you like In contrast, NewWord goes beyond printed document or boiler plate skele- WordStar and have been thinking about typewriter philosophy. Instead, it fully ton to come out looking the way you upgrading to Version 3.3, you would do acknowledges that the subsystems of a want it to. (And if your printer is un- well to consider switching to NewWord microcomputer -main memory, disk available for some reason, you can still instead. storage, keyboard, video display and bring a document along to a near -final What if you're not now a WordStar printer-collectively represent an elec- state.) user? In that case you'd better read the tronic medium that can and should be Third, NewWord automatically han- "Ease of Use" section of this review. exploited. dles such issues as lines of text that fit Learning to use this kind of editor is When this is done, entirely new capa- just fine on your 132 -column printer but nearly as difficult as learning to fly a he- bilities emerge which together represent are too wide for display on your 80-col- licopter, but it's worth it if you plan to a completely novel way of managing umn terminal. spend a lot of time pushing characters text. Fourth, NewWord makes it easy for around on a CRT screen. Here's what I mean: you not only to create formatted docu- NewWord is intended as a "drop -in" First, NewWord is designed to handle ments but also (and more importantly) replacement for WordStar +Mail - not only simple business or personal cor- for you to change their layout. Merge. Its publisher, Rocky Mountain respondence, but also much larger, more Fifth, NewWord works just as well Software Systems, says in its advertising, complex bodies of text. For example, le- with program source files as with En- "There's only one main difference: gal documents and technical manuals glish text. (For example, in program- price." both tend to be lengthy, and there are ming applications you typically don't significant advantages in being able to want automatic justification of text. Price maintain them as single files. (This These issues are exactly the reverse of makes it easy, say, to search for all in- what you usually want when creating Well, price certainly is one difference: stances of a particular name or term and English text.) The entire NewWord package lists for then to change them all to something Sixth, NewWord recognizes that the $249, including the equivalent of Mail - else, automatically.) "right" way for a text editor to behave Merge. This contrasts with a typical dis- With NewWord, your text is not lim- varies not only with the job at hand but counted price of $370 or so for

46 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com . . .. . 1* creative corrzpaEiag's 10th YEAR COMPAQ. SWEEPSTAKES YEAR WIN A . $2,995 Compaq Portable in

.. IN creative çotapvtiad's 10th Anniversary Sweepstakes S. Join us in celebrating our first ten years of publishing the #1 magazine of computer applications and software enter CREATIVE COMPUTING's AN- NIVERSARY SWEEPSTAKES! You could win a COMPAQ Portable microcomputer, bring- the features of a ing you all of , desk-top PC with the portability of an electric typewriter! Full function keyboard, Systems Box housing the CPU chassis, 9" phosphor screen and slots for two disk drives makes the COM- PAQ a wonderful foundation for a major system! Use over 95% of all IBM PC software to create and Get the latest news about mi- Mail in your complete Offical develop new programs! crocomputers, unbiased and in- Entry Form now, and you could One lucky reader will win the depth hardware and software win the COMPAQ Portable! COMPAQ, but you can be a reviews, and innovative busi- winner every month with ness, education and recreation SUBSCRIBE TODAY AND CREATIVE COMPUTING! applications every month! us SAVE UP TO 33%! OFFICIAL RULES NO PURCHASE NECESSARY 1. On an Official Entry Form or a 3" x 5" piece of r paper, hand -print your name, address and zip code. OFFICIAL ENTRY FORM 10th Enter as often as you wish, but mail each entry separately to CREATIVE COMPUTING'S COMPAQ SWEEPSTAKES, YEAR YEAR P.O. Box 5212, Boulder, Colorado 80322. Entries must be 's received no later than July 31, 1984, and the drawing will creative contpatiR s be held by August 31, 1984. All entries become the property of CREATIVE COMPUTING, which reserves the right to reprint the name and address of the winner. in a random from SWEEPSTAKES 2. The winner will be selected drawing COMPAQ among all entries received, under the supervision of the publishers of CREATIVE COMPUTING, whose decision CREATIVE COMPUTING P.O. BOX 5212, BOULDER, COLORADO 80322 will be final. Only one prize will be awarded in this Sweepstakes. Winner will be notified by mail and may be YES!c Enter my name in CREATIVE COMPUTING'S COMPAQ SWEEPSTAKES and start my required to execute affidavit of eligibility and release. subscription to CREATIVE COMPUTING for: winning will depend on the number of entries Odds of $36.97 Three years for $49.97 received. CREATIVE COMPUTING will arrange delivery ri One year (12 issues) for [J Two years for n of prize. Taxes are the responsibility of the winner. Any $19.97 -SAVE 20% -SAVE 26% -SAVE 33% manufacturer's claims or warranties will apply, but Savings based on full one -year subscription price of $24.97. CREATIVE COMPUTING makes no claims or warranties COMPAQ with regard to any prizes. Prize is not transferable. No [l NO, I don't wish to subscribe now, but tell me if I've won CREATIVE COMPUTING'S substitutions for prizes. SWEEPSTAKES. 3. Sweepstakes open to all residents of the U.S., its possessions, except employees (and their Mr. /Mrs. /Ms territories and please print name in full families) of CREATIVE COMPUTING Magazine, its affili- CC 8H179 ates, and its advertising. and promotion agencies. Void Address where prohibited or restricted by law. City State_ Zip 4. For winner's name, send a stamped self -addressed envelope to CREATIVE COMPUTING'S COMPAQ Check one: Payment enclosed Bill me later r SWEEPSTAKES, Circulation Deportment, One Park Ave- Charge my: American Express Visa MasterCard nue, New York, N.Y. 10016. Card No Exp Date_ Offer valid in U.S., its territories and possessions only. Please allow 30 to 60 days for delivery of first issue ft e -e- a

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com .,.....,.,. 1.11,11.7.11.1111/1111.0

NewWord

WordStar MailMerge, which together I believe NewWord is the better buy no difficulties. have a list price of $645. provided your equipment is supported Having installed NewWord, I began So if you don't now own WordStar but directly or you have access to the to use it to write a draft of this review. have been considering buying it, New- customization talent. Here's what I noticed right away: The Word is certainly less costly. procedural differences between operat- However, be aware that NewWord's Getting On the Air ing NewWord and operating WordStar support of terminals and printers is not are minor and generally self-evident. I yet as extensive as WordStar's. If your As an experienced WordStar user, I felt at home immediately, and I was pro- equipment is not listed in the NewWord was able to put NewWord to work im- ductive immediately. (But some of the "install" program's menus, then your mediately, without referring to the user differences felt like NewWord bugs to dealer, or you, or a consultant, may have manual at all. me at first.) to do some low -level customizing. (For You have to call Rocky Mountain to Would your experiences be the same? example, my ADDS Viewpoint is sup- get the software "unlocked" before you "Yes" if you know WordStar, "No" if ported by NewWord, but my IBM 3101 can install it, but this is a toll -free call you don't. (And see Ease of Use if you isn't. WordStar supports both of them.) and the folks who take the call are don't.) If you are now a user of WordStar 3.0, friendly and helpful. They led me step - The second thing I noticed was an im- your choice is between buying New- by -step through the procedure, which pression forming as the body of text Word and purchasing an upgrade to was simple (though somewhat intimi- grew and I began to make changes: both WordStar 3.3 and MailMerge 3.3. dating). With NewWord unlocked, I ran NewWord seemed to be faster-and -less (That's right, you need both of them. the installation procedure cold, referring annoying than Wordstar, at least when it You can't run MailMerge 3.0 with only to the READ -ME text file on the came to reforming paragraphs. And this WordStar 3.3) distribution disk. Again this presented became my consistent experience in working with NewWord: It's faster and SPEED COMPARISONS friendlier than WordStar. It's more powerful, too. Measurements were made on a Molecular Computer Supermicro -8 using a 4 -MHz Z80A Now, I find this amusing because, running a CP /M 2.2 lookalike operating system. This computer has a Tandon 8" floppy while I am a great fan of WordStar, I drive and a Priam hard disk. Times (in seconds) are floppy- based, with hard disk times given know people who loathe WordStar. in parentheses. They say it's too slow. I took a near -final version of this review and ran it through several representative word processing operations. Here are the measured results: This comment had me mystified because I have been using WordStar for al- Operation NewWord 1.28 WordStar 3.3 most two years and hadn't once thought of it as slow. (On the other hand, my sys- Load program, open document text file 34 (13) 30 (15) tem has a hard disk, which covers a mul- titude of performance sins.) Neverthe- Replace all occurences of "the" with 78 (68) 237 (228) less, when I began reforming paragraphs "xxx" using " QA command with NewWord, it did seem faster-and at that point the text was short enough to Go from back of file to front of file 11 (6) 5 (4) using " QR fit in memory so that NewWord wasn't making any disk accesses. Interesting. Replace all "xxx" with "the ", but follow 19 (13) 10 (9) So then I tried the feature which many with immediate "go to back of file" (that is, WordStar nonusers find the most ago- " QA followed by " QC to inhibit screen nizing, a global search -and -replace. And updates) it was obvious that NewWord had WordStar beat by a considerable mar- Automatically reform paragraphs all 197 (182) 250 (249) gin. Suddenly, I too could only think of WordStar as slow. Save file and exit 10 (3) 13 (8) "Hmmm," I said to myself. "That's Print resulting file 219 (212) 233 (224) fine, but readers deserve facts as well as opinions. How about quantifying the OVERVIEW performance differences ?" So I began to run some experiments on text files, doing Product: NewWord the kinds of things one buys a powerful Vendor: Rocky Mountain Software Systems text editor for-search and replace, re- 1280 -C Newell Ave. forming text to fit changed margins, Suite 1055 printing with special effects, etc. Walnut Creek, CA 94596 The results of these experiments will Price: $249 be presented later, but the bottom line is Operating system(s): CP /M -80, MS -DOS, PC -DOS this: in many useful respects, NewWord Minimum system requirements:CP /M -80: 1 2 51/4" 64K, 8" or drives is much faster than WordStar. MS -DOS, PC -DOS: 96K, 2 51/4" drives Internally both word processors seem NewWord is a powerful word processor that is the equal of-and in some respects, better than -WordStar. It is also less expensive than WordStar, especially when you consider to work at much the same speed. When a that it has the equivalent of MicroPro's MailMerge built in. While somewhat complex to command calls for screen updating, learn and master, it should be given serious consideration by those in the market for a word however, NewWord runs rings around processor with all the "bells and whistles." Those considering upgrading an older version the competition. of WordStar should also look at NewWord before making a decision. (Continued on page 96)

Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com commodore HOME C= COMPUTERS SX -64 /1 PORTABLE $839 1010 Program Recorder ' 74.00 1020 Color Punter '249.00 ATARI® _isi/ia'_ 1025 Dot Manx... '34900 r- 1027 Later Quality.. '309.00 CBM 8032 '599 1030 Direct Connect Modem .'119.00 CBM 64 '199 CBM 4032 '599 1050 Disk Dave_ '39900 VIC 20 CALL 0X30 Paddle .'1200 CBM 12680 '769 00 MSD-1 Disk Drive '379.00 0X40 Joystick each '8.00 CBM 64K Memory Board '269.00 MS13-2 Disk Drive. _. .'599.00 IX77 Touch Tablet . 64.00 8032 to 9000 Upgrade... '269.00 C1541 Disk Drive '25900 0X80 Trak Bell 48.00 600XL '199 2031 LP Disk Dnve.. '299.00 C1530 Oaesette ..'69.00 IX85 Keypad.. '105 00 8050 Disk Onve. 949.00 01520 Color Pnnter/Rotter _'169.00 488 Communicator It '22900 800XL '299 '1199.00 8250 Disk Drive M-801 Dot Matrix/Parallel '219.00 4003 Assembler Editor. '47 00 1200XL CALL 4023 Prater _. ...'379.00 C1526 Oct Matrix /Senat. '279.00 4011 Star Raiders.._ '3300 569.00 8023 Printer... C1702 Color Master '259.00 4012 Missile Command '29.00 1400XL CALL 6400 Printer. '1399.00 C1311 Joystick.. ..'4.99 4013 Asteroids. '29.00 LRAM.._ '499.00 C1312 Peddles. '11 99 5049 VisCalc .. Silicon Office '689.00 C1600 VIC Modem.. .. '59 00 7097 Logo.. The Manager '199.00 C1650 Auto Modem... ..'89.00 7101 Entertainer '69.00 [PEUGUkil Saft ROM '12500 Lego 64 ...... '49.00 7102 Arcade Champ... '75.00 JCsEair '159 00 Pilot 64 _.'39.00 8026 Dig Dug '33.00 AT 88 -S1 '369.00 PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE Word Pm 64 Rue '59.00 8030 ET Phone Haine '33.00 AT 88 -Al .. '259 00 Word Pm 2 Plus _. .'159,00 Parallel Printer Interface .'49.00 8031 Donkey Kong... _.39.00 AT 88 -51P0 '44900 Wad Pro 3 Pus... '189.00 CelcResult 64. '65.00 8033 Robotron_ '35.00 AT 88000 '119.00

Word Pm 4 Plus /5 Ri r. each .'279.00 CalcResult Easy . '39.00 8034 Pole Position '39.00 RFD 40-S1 '44900 InfoPro ... '179.00 Codewnter 64 '75.00 8036 AtanWnter. '79.00 RFD 40 -A1 '269 00 Administrator '399.00 Quid, Brown Fox '49.00 8040 Donkey Kong Jr ' 39.00 RFD 40 -52 '699 00 IIGiwrr '79.00 Vidtex Teleaxnmuroretions '34 95 8043 Ms. PacMan '39.00 RFD 44.51 '53900 8044 Joust '39 00 RFD 44.52 '86900 APPLE /FRANKLIN MEMORY BOAR DS RANA F FRANKLIN DISK DRIVES 1000 '32900 for ATARI 400/808 INDUS MICRO-SCI Arlon 32K. '59.00 ACE 1000 Color Computer CALL GT Drive '379.00 A2 '219.00 Axles 48K.. _. '99.00 Pack CALL ACE Family System 440 '299.00 Arlon 128K. '299 00 TRAK ACE PRO PLUS System ....CALL 00 A70 '319.00 Intec 32K. '59 00 AT D2 '389 ACE 1200 OMS CALL C2 Controller '79 00 Inter 48K '85 00 KOALA PAD "NOT Ile EXPENSIVE C47 Controller 89.00 Intec 64K_.. __. '99 00 Aran *75.00 APPLE Ile STARTER PACK RANA Intec Real Time Clock. '29.00 Apple '85 DO Dme Cdumn Atari 853 16K '49 00 IBM '95 00 64K Apple Ile. Disk & Controller. 80 Bite 1 ...279.00 II DOS CBM 5i 'moo Card, Monitor & 3.3 Elite 2 '389.00 MONITORS COMPLETE CALL Elite 3 '569 00 WICO CONTROLLERS AMDEK Joystick *21 99 '149.00 PRINTERS ZENITH 300 Green 3 -way Joystick '22 99 PC Compatible Computers Amber .'15900 Famous Red Ball 923 99 310 Amber '169.00 '21 99 AXIOM 150 5G ana ill Gsktuo 6 Prnal li] CALL Revier Grip AT846 Atari Interface .'8900 Color 1 '279 00 BOSS Joystick '17 99 ÁT.100 Atari Interface Printer ..'23900 Color 1 Res '299.00 ATARINIC Trek Bail '34 99 GP -100 Parallel Interface ...... '199 OC SOFTWARE FOR Color 2 Rrs. '419 00 Apple Trek Ball '54 99 BMC '349.00 Apple Adapter *15 99 ATARI, APPLE /FRANKLIN, 34 .'699.00 401 Letter Quality .'589.00 cáß Apple Ana.'ni '37 99 9X -80 Dot Manx '269 00 CBM & IBM BMC C.ITOH ELECTRONIC ARTS 12" Green '79 99 MODEMS Green Hi -Res ' 119 99 Gorilla Banana '209 DO Hard Hat Meck (AT /AP /CBMABM).... *29.95 ANCHOR 9191 -13" Color '249 99 Proanter 8510P '379 00 Archon [AT/AP /CBM/IBM) _. _.'32.95 Volksmodeei '5900 Prowrlter 1550P '679.00 One On One (AP ONLY) ..'32.95 GORILLA MARK IL. '79 00 610 (18 Ws) ' 569.00 Cut & Paste Word (AT/AP /CBM /IBM).. '42 95 12" Green.. '88 99 Marie VII[Aum Ans/AUto Dial) '11900 110 -40 .. '999 00 Rehall Construction [AT/AP /CBM/IBM] .'32.95 12" Amber '95 99 Mark XII [1200 Baud]. '299.00 110 -55 '1499.00 INFOCOM NEC TRS -80 Color Computer '99 00 9 Volt Power Supply '9.00 EPSON Zork 1,2,3 [AT/AP /CBM /IBM] .. .'29.00 JB 1260 Green '109 99 MX -80FT, MX 100 PX III RX -80FT. Deadline [AT/AP /CBM /IBM) .'32.95 JB 1201 Green 149.99 HAYES IX -80, FX -100, LO150(1 - _..CALL Enchanter [AT /AP/CBM /IBM). 3295 JB 1205 Amber.. '159.99 Smartrnodem 300. '209 00 OKIDATA Ranetfell (AT/AP/CBM/IBM) '32.95 JC 1215 Color.. '269 00 Smartmpdem 1200 499.00 Witness [AT/AP /CBM/IBM] _. ..'32.95 JC 1216 RGB '429 99 Smartinodem 12006 '44900 82. 83. 84. 9P 93 ,i 1110. 410 CALL Staroross (AT /AP/CBM/1BM) ... *29.00 PRINCETON GRAPHCS Mitromadene Ile '269.00 SMITH CORONA Micramodem 100 '29900 ATARISOFT HX -12 '529.00 TP 1000 '399.00 Smart Care II PacMan (IBM /AP) _.. '29.99 89.00 Tractor Feed '119.00 TAXAN Chronograph. '199130 PacMan [CBMNIC) _. .. '37 99 SILVER REED 12" Green '119.00 Centipede (IBM /AP). '29.99 12" Amber '129.00 NOVATION 500 Letter Quality '449.00 Centipede (CBMNIC) . '37.99 J -Cat '99.99 Texan 1 RGB - ..'279.00 550 Letter Quality. '569 00 Dig Dug (IBM /AP] '29 99 Smart Cat 103 '17900 770 Letter Quality '899.00 Dig Dug (CBMNIC)._ '37 99 SAKATA Smart Ca 103/212 ' 399 00 SC 100 '269.00 STAR Donkey Kong [IBM /AP] '29 99 Auto Cat ' 219 00 Gemini 10X 299 00 Donkey Kong (CBMNIC) '37.99 USI 212 Apple Cat II '399 00 Gemma P15X '399.00 Defender [IBM/AP].. .'29.99 Pi 1, 9" Green '99.99 Apple Cat 212 Upgrade '249.00 Delta 10. '449 00 Defender (CBMNIC) ..'37.99 Pi 2, 12" Green '119 99 Cat '139 00 Radix 10 '599 00 Robotron [IBM /AP].. ..'29.99 Pi 3, 12" Amber... '149 99 D -Cat '149 00 Rads 15 '699.00 Robotron (CBMNIC)...... 37 99 R 4, 9" Amber.._. _ '139.99 PC Cat 1 -2-3 ' 399 00

Serial Board *75 00 Star Gate (IBM /AP]. . *29 99 1400 Color... _.. '269.99 Apple Cat II.. '22900 TRANSTAR Star Gate (CBMNIC] '37.99 ZENITH ZENITH 120P . 499 00 CONTINENTAL SOFTWARE 2VM 122 Amber '109 00 ZT1 '309 c 130P '689 00 Home Accountant [AT/AP /CBM]. '49.00 ZVM 123 Green ....'99.00 ZT10 '339 CL :115 Colar '499.00 Home Accountant (IBM PC)...... 'BB.00 ZVM 135 Color/RGB. ' 469.99 ZT-11 '39900 canada east Ontario /Quebec west 800- 268 -3974 800- 233 -8950 Other 268 -4559 800- 648 -3311 In PA call (717)327- 9575,0ept.40607 Provinces80O- In Toronto call (416)828 -0888,Dept.40607 In NV call (702)588- 5654,Dept.40607 Order Status Number: 327 -9576 Order Statua Number: 828 -0866 Order Status Number: 588 -5654 Customer Service Number: 327 -1450 2505 Dunwin Drive, Unit 3 P.O.Box 6689 477 E. 3rd St., Williamsport, PA 17701 Miaaisseuge, Ontario, Canada L5L1T1 Stateline, NV 89449 No risk, no deposit on C.O.D. orders and no waiting period for certified checks or money orders. t.dd 3% (minimum '5) shipping and handling en all orders. Larger shipments may require additional charges. NV and PA residents add sales tax. All items subject to availability and price change. Call today for our catalog. CANADIAN ORDERS: All prices are subject to shipping, tax and currency fluctuations. Call for exact pricing in Canada.. Circle No. 11 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com YOU CAN TAKE IT WITH YOU! The HP -110 from Hewlett- Packard offers MS -DOS, Lotus 1 -2 -3, terminal emulation, and word processing in an 8.5 -1b battery- powered package

BY PETER COSTA

50 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Hcwlett-Packard's new disk -less HP110 portable is an awesome kneetop machine. It combines the latest in CMOS technology with an array of powerful software permanently stored in ROM, all for under $3000.

MS -DOS, Lotus 1 -2 -3, MemoMaker (HP's document -text editor), a Personal Applications Manager (a simplified menu command system for MS -DOS) and a terminal emulator are permanently etched in ROM. Because there are no balky mechanical disk drives to break down or unreliable flopply disks to suffer amnesia, the bundled software is virtually indestructible. You cannot acci- dentally erase, write over or lose it. Coupled with the 384K of ROM is a substantial 272K of continuous, static HP's Interlink card and cables. RAM- enough memory to store nearly 170 pages of double-spaced text. The HP portable uses MS -DOS Ver- sion 2.11 as its operating system and therefore is compatible with a large range of already available software with few modifications. According to Hewlett- Packard, the HP110's "solid -state RAM disk" makes the machine 200 times faster than a floppy disk system. For example, the HP110 is ready to use Lotus in about five seconds compared to the 75 seconds a disk IIlllllillq system requires to load 1 -2 -3. And because software is stored in --n... ROM, one can use RAM for storing data, not programs. Not only does this allow the user to store larger data files without having to resort to an external disk drive, but execution speeds on the HP110 are The HP110 can access desktop disk drives. also increased because the software is already loaded on the so- called electronic disks in the HP110. (Electronic disks are sections of memory designed as high- speed mass storage devices.) There are two electronic disks in the portable: drive A and drive B. Drive A is the RAM disk. It can be configured (par- titioned) so that part serves as a peripheral disk to store data and programs while the balance serves as system memory. RAM is preserved as long as the battery pack contains a charge and the RAM disk is not affected by resetting the computer. Drive B is the ROM disk. It is permanent and not affected by resetting the computer or by a discharged battery. External disk drives are labeled se- Portable trio: HP110, ThinkJet, disk drive. quentially starting with the drive C des- ignation. Other drives, for example, 8086, a true 16 -bit microprocessor that because it believes the output from them would be labeled D, E, F, G, etc. As sprints through spreadsheets at a num- is more linear and therefore more pre- many as eight single disk drives or four ber- crunching 5.33 megahertz. (A com- dictable than nickel cadmium batteries. dual drives can be connected. plete review of the HP110 will appear in Also, lead -acid cells do not suffer from a future issue of C &E.) the memory quirks that nickel cadmium CMOS 8086 The HP110 is powered by three 2- cells do on recharging, HP claims. volt, semipermanently installed lead - The 6 -volt, 2.5 -Ah battery pack is The soul of this machine is a CMOS acid batteries. HP chose lead -acid cells (Continued on page 88)

June 1984 51

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com AN APPLE TO GO The Apple llc is a slimmer, lighter version of the Ile with an integrated disk drive

BY PETER COSTA ON the theory that you can im- battery pack. Both items are being de- machines as early as 1976. prove even a best- selling prod- signed by third -party vendors. The 65CO2 runs at a 1 -MHz clock rate uct, Apple has taken its very The IIc as presently constructed can in the IIc and performs up to 500,000 popular IIe, slimmed it down, doubled run off the 12 -V dc from a car's cigarette eight -bit operations per second. its memory, added a built -in disk drive lighter, but this will only be useful when The IIc comes with an impressive and launched it into the transportable- the LCD becomes available. Neverthe- 128K of RAM, more than twice that of portable universe. less, despite the IIc's reliance on house the IIe, and 16K of ROM. Permanently But Apple's new, under $1300 ma- current, Apple lovers will admire the stored in ROM are Applesoft BASIC, chine, called the IIc, despite obvious im- sleekness, the modular, plug -in expanda- disassembler, and a machine language provements over the IIe has some limita- bility and the small footprint of the 7.5- monitor program. Operating systems tions. Currently, it is still tethered to an lb IIc. available for the IIc are ProDOS and ac power cord, but by the fall of this Underneath the streamlined, aerody- DOS 3.3. SuperPILOT, Logo, FOR- year, it will be retrofitted with an 80 -by- namic- looking cover beats a cold, calcu- TRAN, Pascal and a 6502 assembly lan- 24 liquid crystal display and an outboard lating CMOS heart. The IIc uses a guage are also available. 65CO2 eight -bit microprocessor -the Apple is introducing an integrated CMOS version of the venerable 6502. software package as an option for the IIc Peter Costa is Executive Editor of Com- There are more than 500 million 6502s called Appleworks which contains a puters & Electronics. in use and Apple first used the 6502 in its word processor, a database and a spread-

TOP PHOTOS BY BOB LORENZ 52 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com sheet. The IIc comes with six "training" disks to introduce the user to the software. There is a built -in, half -height 5'/4" disk drive and a controller for a second disk drive (or slot 6 equivalent in the IIe). The IIc was designed as a "slotless" machine with expansion capabilities being implemented through plug -in ports in the rear of the computer. The IIc is a very compact 12" X 111/2" X 2'/2" machine with a built -in speaker for audio output. There is a volume control knob and a headphone jack on the left side of the IIc for those who want to use ear- phones instead of the speaker. The top of the IIc includes a 63 -key, full -travel keyboard that generates upper- and lowercase letters and all 128 characters in the ASCII character set including control characters. There is also a conveniently located reset key, a 40/80 column switch for a television set or video monitor, a power -on light, a light that indicates when the disk drive is active, and a keyboard switch that converts the QWERTY keyboard to a DVORAK keyboard. (On export models of the IIc, the keyboard switch will be used to alternate between English and second -language key characters.) Because Apple worries about the powerful IIc cannibilizing IIe sales, it is planning to lower the price of the IIe for the educational market. Apple believes the IIe will still be the computer of choice full production at their plant in Cork, To meet that goal, Apple hired the for the K -12 educational market, even Ireland. German design firm, Frogdesign, the though the IIc is more transportable and group that designed the Sony Walkman, has so many built -in features. Designing A `Cuddly' llc and asked them to come up with new styl- Apple said its philosophy behind the ing for the IIc. The German design group IIc is to have a machine that is easy to Apple's commitment to improving smoothed out all curves and edges on the use and install, is transportable and has the aesthetics of their machines can be IIc to make them conform to human pro- excellent software compatibility with the seen in the new look of the IIc. Apple in- portions. They also slimmed down the IIe model. sisted that their new transportable be unit and incorporated a series of long, More than 2000 IIc's per day are be- what they called the "cuddliest" and ventilation slots which gives the unit a ing manufactured at the Apple plant in "warmest" of any machine they had ever sense of speed and dynamic motion. Dallas and international models are in produced. (Continued on page 102)

IIIIIIIIIIII `IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIhII Il(Illl)IIIII

Engineering chief Peter Quinn holds Ap- ple llc's only board (above). Robert Gemmel) describes vent slots (right). Far right are ports on back and mouse.

June 1984 53

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com AtT R a few months of perplexed hesita- cc, I have become the proud owner of a brard new IBM PCjr. Several factors contributed to my initial concern, primarily the HAT Junior's Mali price, its toy-like keyboard, and the near- ximultanersus arrival of Apple's Macintosh. So why did I buy a PCjr? As the ads for PC- compatible hardware and software in this and MAKES other computer magazines quickly reveal, like it or not, IBM has become the de facto standard for high -level personal computers. While not totally compatible with the PC, the PCjr is essentially a scaled -down version of its bigger JUNIOR brother. In short, PCjr gives its owner mary of the capabilities of the PC for about half the price. Another reason why I bought a PCjr is that nearly every detail of the machine's hardware RUN is well documented. The comput- exceptionally er itself, festooned with more than a dozen external socketx and connectors, is ripe for expansion. Though Macintosh's Lisa -like design makes for a much friendlier,, more approachable machine, Mac was not designed with makers of hardware add -ons in mind That role is filled for Apple by its best-selling Apple IIe. Indeeed, if any comparison can be made between IBM and Apple, it is that IBM makes nothing that compares with Mac. On the other hand, Junior A review of the IBM, PCjr, represents a high -level, direct competitor to the Apple IIe. with a particular look at the electronics of its keyboard. Forrest M Mims, IIL is a contributing editor to BY FORREST M. MIMS III C &E and the author of many books in the computers and electronics field.

PHOTOS BY VITTORIO SAR TOR

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com E.

IBM PCjr

everyone other than IBM for fully six The entry-level system can easily be months before the machine was actually upgraded to an enhanced system at a lat- unveiled to the public? The frenzy of me- er date for about $620. The machine's dia hype culminated in a page -one fea- built in BASIC programming language ture in The Wall Street Journal. When can be made more powerful by means of Junior was actually shown to the media, a plug -in ROM called Cartridge BASIC however, many in the press expressed for an additional $75, and a $199 modem '111111111111111111 dismay over its keyboard and single disk card can be installed within the drive. computer. By now, you have probably read a The system unit measures 13.9" X 11.4" X 3.8" and weighs a scant 5.5 lb (8.25 lb with disk drive installed). It is much smaller and lighter than you might expect. Even though it has no handle, you can hold Junior in one hand. Part of the reason for this light weight is IBM's liberal use of plastic. The entire cabinet is made of the stuff, and even the colorful circuit board, which is attached along its back edge to the bottom of the cabinet by four screws, is secured in place by plastic clips. The major reason why the system unit is so light in weight, however, is that IBM has chosen to make the machine's hefty, almost brick -size power supply a separate entity. Since a press release for the PCjr described the 2.8 -lb transformer as a "desktop" unit, one can only speculate as to why IBM did not put it where it belongs: in a slightly larger system unit cabinet.

At top, subassemblies are shown installed in internal expansion slots; lower photo shows units before assembly.

good deal about these objections. Signifi- The Negatives cantly, because of the delay between Ju- nior's announcement and its actual Junior is overpriced and it has a few availability in stores, most reviews until annoying flaws. Its keyboard is a disas- now have been based upon little or no ter. The machine uses nonstandard con- hands -on experience. With this in mind, nectors. IBM charges an extra $65 for let us take a close -up tour of PCjr's the DOS diskette and manual, even with hardware. the expanded machine with built -in disk IBM actually offers two versions of drive. And the disk drive will not oper- PCjr. The entry -level machine, which re- ate properly if the video monitor is tails for $669, consists of three separate placed on top of the computer where it units: a cordless keyboard, an outboard belongs. As a note supplied with the ma- power transformer, and an electronics chine reads: "This problem can be easily assembly housed in a cabinet called the solved by moving your [video] display system unit. Within the system unit is an away from the IBM PCjr." 8088 microprocessor (the same used in These objections notwithstanding, Ju- the PC), 64K of RAM, a cassette inter- Internal expansion slots. nior is a powerful, expandable addition face, a complex sound generator, and a to the PC family. You can be sure that versatile video /graphics subsystem. As for the existing cabinet, its top can hundreds of thousands of PCjrs will be An enhanced version of the PCjr (the be easily popped off by gently twisting a snapped up by computerists eager to one I purchased) is available for $1269. dime inserted into each of three slots jump onto the IBM bandwagon. This version adds to the entry-level ma- along its back edge. With the top re- chine a single half-height, double- sided, moved, access is provided to the entire Hands-On Tour double- density 5'/4" floppy disk drive, a circuit board and the connectors for the disk drive controller card, and an addi- optional modem, disk drive controller, Remember how PCjr was hyped by tional 64K of RAM. and 64K of expansion RAM.

56 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Diskette Drrve Adapter Connector Internal Modern Connector FFFFF BIOS/ Diagnostic 'Cassetto Infrared Receiver 64 Kb Memory Expansion Connector Connector Basic Program Area A22 Power Bead Connector F0000 AI Standard Application Cartridge Al\A4 B4 artndge Front E8000 CChlp Alb Standard Application Cartridge Selects SoROMcl®b / Power Adaptor E0000 Reserved for Future Cartridge At Grounding Pins DB000 1 Bt Al I fart Reserved for Future Cartridge 4 Side D0000 Reserved for I/O ROM C0000 Video RAM 88000 Reserved Future s Video A0000 D Reserved Future User RAM 20000 Expansion RAM 10000 Right Side Wier COmaCNW ClatkpflatkIn Ue0 Base RAM J 00000 J fall joystick J right joystick L spare K keyboard LP lightpen T television Fig. 2. The memory map. composite video D devot-deve video S seni device simplicity of the Berg -type sockets, it C cassette A audio seems as though connector choice was governed more by manufacturing con- Fig. 1. Expansion and interfacing connectors and sockets. siderations than by any effort to make money from adapter sales. In any event, Junior's plethora of external and in- One thing you will not need is a spe- IBM has not enhanced its reputation ternal connectors and sockets is summa- cial cable to use the PCjr with IBM's among users who have had to buy adapt- rized in Fig. 1. All back -panel connec- monochrome monitor, for the simple ers for Junior's nonstandard RS -232 and tors and the I/O Expansion Connector reason that Junior will not work with direct -drive video sockets. are Berg -type sockets that are soldered that monitor! Curiously, my Junior Nonstandard or otherwise, Junior's directly to the system unit's pc board by works fine with a Texas Instruments col- connectors provide ample access to the means of wire standoffs. While these or monitor and a Zenith monochrome system's hardware. Standard features in- sockets save space and are easier for the monitor connected by means of a stan- clude sockets for a lightpen and two joy- factory to install than cabinet -mounted dard phono plug cable. sticks. The latter two ports are designed connectors, at least two of them present Don't feel left out of the connector to accept analog -type joysticks that con- special drawbacks. The serial output game if you don't own a compatible tain 100,000 -ohm potentiometers. (In a connector, for instance, is not a standard monitor and want to use a television set future installment of "The Computer 25 -pin D -type RS -232 socket. To be able instead. You'll need a $30 connector to Scientist," a regular column in this mag- to link the PCjr with a printer, plotter, or use Junior with your TV. azine, I will give a detailed description of other standard serial interfaced periph- My first reaction to this need for spe- Junior's joystick ports and tell how to eral, you have to spend $25 for an IBM cial connectors, one reinforced by the use them for other purposes.) adapter cable. sales staff at the independent dealer from As you can see in the Fig. 2 memory Likewise, the IBM color monitor ca- which I bought my Junior, was that IBM map, IBM has reserved 512K of memo- ble is not compatible with Junior's di- is trying to make money by selling adapt- ry space for "future use." Outside ven- rect -drive video connector. You'll need a er cables to hapless PCjr customers. dors have already begun to take advan- $20 adapter cable to use your IBM com- However, now that I have opened my tage of this by offering memory boards puter with your IBM color monitor! machine and seen first -hand the utter for expanding total system RAM out to 640K, the maximum allowed by the disk Keyboard details and, top center, IR transmitter LEDs. operating system. Add -on floppy -disk drives and controllers are also available.

The Cordless Keyboard

Anyone who has complained about Junior's toy -like keyboard has a strong case. Its blocky keys might be just fine for children and first -time computer users, but experienced computerists and touch typists can only wonder why IBM has shortchanged its machine -and its customers -with an inferior keyboard. Did IBM's marketing strategists want to keep the PCjr from competing with the company's PC? Or did their accountants insist on preserving profit margins at all

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com IBM PCjr

responsible for the PCjr keyboard could learn valuable lessons in keyboard de- IR Link or Keyboard sign and esthetics from the Adam. Cable Connector Several sales people for independent computer dealers have told me that 2 Joysticks PCjr's inferior keyboard design has cost 4 Buttons them sales. They are probably correct. In fact, I decided to buy my Junior only after learning that professional -quality for market Key 128K 64K RS -232C Serial keyboards were being readied Power board ROM Supply Joystick RAM Serial Printer by a couple of outside vendors. Inter Cart . Conn Interface fare Conn Though the human engineering of Ju- nior's keyboard leaves much to be desired (at least it has a programmable 64K I/O Parallel OBC 9 Level ROM RAM Printer "clicker"), its cordless operating mode Cock :0i'. Channel Attach. Interrupt on on Conn. represents an important step forward. Cpritrol Board Board Some reviewers have criticized the infrared link between keyboard and comput- Audio Diskette Cassette they Modem and Drive er as "gimmicky." Apparently, Video Deck Audio Adapter l have not fully analyzed the possibilities Alarm nterf ace an infrared link provides. Of course, the most obvious advantage such a link offers is that the system works without a Diskette Drive dangling cord. Even more interesting is the opportunity to gain access to Junior via the system unit's infrared receiver behind a External Amplifier small aperture on the front panel. One and Speaker i can envision pocket -size instruments that send sequences of prestored key- is pressed. Home strokes when a single button Television Other possibilities include wireless te- lemetry, intruder detection, and remote control. Composite Video In short, the keyboard's infrared link, though not its keys, offers the potential for several truly innovative applications. RGBI Monitor For a detailed explanation of the operation of the infrared link, see the accom- / panying box. Light Pen The Disk Drive

The right front side of Junior's system unit, in the enhanced version, is occu- pied by the horizontally mounted, half- Junior's internal organization and peripheral interfacing. height floppy -disk drive. Directly below the drive are two slots for removable costs, even to the extent of crippling the sary when the keyboard cord is used). ROM cartridges (more about these product with an inferior keyboard? IBM defends the placement of the key later). If you have not tried out a PCjr, you legends by explaining that the keyboard IBM has been criticized for its deci- might be wondering why all this fuss is is designed for efficient use with over- sion to have the PCjr support only one being made about its keyboard. There lays. That explanation does not wash disk drive, but this objection can be are at least three major keyboard defi- with hunt -and -peck typists, like yours countered in part by the computer's pair all, ciencies. First, the keys lack the sculpted truly, who must be able to see the leg- of ROM cartridge sockets. After do design almost universally used even with ends to type 40 words per minute. It is plug -in solid -state software modules elimi- much less expensive keyboards. Second, tough to see the legends when they are not take up RAM space, and they the ma- the keys are hard to press and feel blocked by your fingers! nate loading time. This leaves as the spongy. Finally, the key legends are My negative feelings about the key- jor objection to a single -disk system backup placed above (or below) the keys instead board were enhanced by the professional extra time required to make of on the keytops where they belong. appearance and feel of the keyboard in- diskettes. al- Some criticism has also been directed cluded with Coleco's Adam, a much The drive's 360K storage scheme interchanged at the keyboard's light weight (22 oz more affordable system brought to mar- lows PCjr diskettes to be Manufactured with battery), its lack of separate func- ket about two months before the PCjr. with the PC and PC-XT. slow- tion keys and a numeric keypad, and its My son owns an Adam, and we have by Qume, the drive is only slightly PC and need for batteries (which are unneces- both concluded that the people at IBM er than those supplied with the

Computers & Electronics 58

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com PC -XT. Along with its controller board, the drive can easily be installed by the user in the driveless starter version of Junior. At least three companies have an- IBM nounced add -on drives for the Junior. Since the fully expanded Junior lacks the capacity to power an additional drive and controller, these add -on products include self -contained power supplies. SOFTWARE The Cartridge Slots

The cartridge slots partially compen- sate for the lack of a second drive in the FOR THE PCjr. Each slot can accept a cartridge with up to 32K bytes of ROM. Storing programs in cartridges is more difficult, time -consuming, and expensive than storing programs on disk- PC jr ettes. One probable result is a reduction in software pirating, which is exactly why many companies are expected to of- What you can do with the wide range of fer cartridge software for the Junior. In currently available products for IBM's the meantime, however, the variety of cartridge software titles for Junior will low-end personal computer be rather scarce. PCjr's Technical Reference manual includes a complete description of the BY JOHN SMITH -RICHARDSON hardware and software considerations THL IBM PCjr has generated a ing and budget management, and a few for the cartridge ROM system. One fea- great deal of interest in the micro- products from the IBM PC and XT soft- ture every PCjr user should be aware of computer community, and de- ware collection. is the automatic system reset that occurs servedly so. It is a moderately priced PCjr runs under the PC -DOS Version whenever a cartridge is either plugged in computer that can serve the needs of 2.10 operating system, the same one or removed when the computer is oper- home as well as small business users. used for the IBM PC and XT computers; ating. Should this occur, all data stored Software available from IBM alone hence, some software written for the PC in RAM will be irretrievably lost. It is es- spans a broad spectrum of interests. ard XT will also run on the PCjr. What sential, therefore, to save whatever im- There are arcade games, elementary -lev- determines which of the PC and XT soft- portant data is in RAM before inserting el educational software, home /family ware packages can be used on the PCjr? or removing a ROM cartridge. applications packages for word process- It's the PCjr's built in limitations of You can see how the reset feature works by examining the top side of the edge connector on the Cartridge BASIC ROM. The end of the left -most copper GAMES foil conductor, which is one of two of the cartridge's ground connections, forms an L that crosses over the position of the missing adjacent conductor. This L is called the cartridge reset tab since it shorts the socket's reset connection to ground whenever a cartridge is inserted into a slot.

The Power Supply

Junior's external power transformer reduces 104-to- 127 -volt -ac line power to a more manageable 17 volts ac. Junior's power supply card, which is located along the left side, of the system unit, converts the incoming 17 volts ac into direct current by means of a rectifier network and a filter capacitor. Standard voltage regulator chips transform the dc into + 5, + 12, and -6 volts. (Continued on page 98)

COMPUTER GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS BY LJNDA GOTTFRIED COURTESY OF IN TIME DESIGN STUDIO June 1984 59

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Software for PCjr

defies logic in that it does not employ what is the almost universal "diamond" - key pattern for up, down, left, right. You reach for a down key where you expect it to be and it's not there. Essentially, there is no consistency of quality among the PCjr games although all make exciting use of color. And speaking of color, PCjr offers users some help in adjusting the colors on their displays. When the computer is first turned on, it goes through a 9- second start -up procedure that checks RAM and displays the IBM logo. Below the logo, across the bottom of the screen, are 16 color bars used for adjusting the color and tint controls of the associated TV monitor- which is generally an ordinary color TV set. (If a black and white TV or monochrome monitor is used, the color bars provide a grey scale for adjustment of the contrast and brightness controls.) If the start -up logo "times out" before the color adjustments are optimized, it can be recycled by turning the main power switch off and then on again. Since much 128K RAM and one disk drive. Of the Unfortunately, the games available of an arcade game's excitement and in- 128K RAM, 16K is used for the PCjr's for PCjr vary in playing quality and pre- terest is derived from the color display video display and approximately 24K sentation. Some are dull, others exciting. (it's pretty dull in black and white, worse for PC-DOS, leaving a maximum of 88K Additionally, the games we reviewed did in green- screen), an extra recycle or two for the applications software. Presently, not even use high -resolution graphics! is worthwhile to insure optimum color. little PC and XT software will run in Characters, animals and other figures 88K. (Eventually, add -on products for were the barest approximations of what Educational Software PCjr should become available to solve they really look like. The graphics are this problem.) Using as a base the PC reminiscent of the arcade games of a few The educational software from IBM is and XT software that will operate, IBM years back. Also, joystick control varies disk- based, but the programs we ob- has been able to flesh out a line of soft- from game to game. Some, such as tained also required that the optional ware for the PCjr that covers many di- Crossfire, have the almost instantaneous cartridge BASIC -an enhancement to verse interests and applications. response we expect from arcade games. the built -in ROM BASIC-be plugged Others, such as Mouser, have a relative- in at the same time. If the cartridge is not Games ly long joystick delay, which makes installed, a screen prompt reminds the much of the game dependent on chance user it is required. The arcade games that we looked at rather than skill. In general, the quality of educational were in cartridge format. The PCjr has For users without joysticks, the key- software available for all personal com- two cartridge ports and either can be board control layout can be an impor- puters varies greatly. Some are very used. Unlike other computers that uti- tant consideration. For example, while good- consistent with grade -level lize cartridges, the PCjr does not have to Crossfire is an exciting game with joy- school concepts. Others are nothing be powered down before inserting one; it sticks (one of the best action games for more than games that use explosions of automatically does a reset whenever a any home computer), for the user with- color and sound in an attempt to create cartridge is inserted or removed. out joysticks its keyboard control layout an excitement that isn't really there. If there is one outstanding quality of the IBM games, it's the spectacular use of color. As a general rule it is bright, MineShaft graphics are Advancing through the eye-catching, and certain to keep the at- not high resolution. castle of Adventures in Math. tention of youngsters. The sound effects ,I..NI are excellent, too. While many games 0 l `7 have the usual "beep," "boinnnng," and NM "boop" sound effects associated with Cl= I personal computer arcade games, some WS NM MEW t have much more sophisticated sounds. ; 11116111 ScubaVenture, an undersea treasure P.; IN .1 hunt, has polyphonic "underwater" 116 HU, sounds that echo and hiss much in the Saoo. - 3,024 manner we have come to expect from fn-pl-Help ea.+-»e.. Disney cartoon features.

60 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Worse, some of the educational software for preschoolers requires at least an eighth grade reading level just to follow the instructions! As one might expect, educational software from IBM corre- sponds to what's generally available in the marketplace. For the Bumble software, IBM rates _ _=I' an A +. The Bumble Games (ages 4-11), - _ which teach graphic skills, and Bumble _r _ i __ Plot (ages 8 -13), which develops geomet- ric skills, conform closely to grade-level instruction in the elementary schools. The use of concepts, color, and sound effects is first rate; especially the sound effects, which are complex but not Homer_- overwhelming. On the other hand, the Juggles' But- a1-d terfly software, which teaches reading and math readiness skills (ages 3 -6) has somewhat of a Sesame Street approach: jumpy, erratic visuals and bing -bong sound effects from the era of "pong" games. Unfortunately, the software requires a reading skill greater than the age group for which the visual material is intended. Furthermore, for a good part of the action there are no screen instructions at all! Finally, the software is sup- Monster Math has very good medium - tion, the heavier the better. While it is plied with a chintze paper keyboard resolution graphics and conventional one thing for people who earn their liv- overlay that's folded into the packaging. "beep -boop" musical sound effects for ing with word processors to spend weeks Unfolded, it doesn't lie flat, gets in the six levels of skill involving the four func- learning the intricacies detailed in 350 way of the fingers when keying, and tions of addition, subtraction, multipli- pages of documentation, home users tends to tear easily. Worse, there are two cation and division. It's the usual materi- rarely have the time, patience, or inclina- keyboard overlay paper strips that the al available for just about every home tion to fight through pounds of docu- user must cut out with scissors! Consid- computer. Adventures in Math is a dif- mentation or remember an endless num- ering the cost of the package, the user ferent story. Using absolutely superb ber of control codes. should not be required to cut strips of graphics and better than average sound HomeWord neatly sidesteps the ex- paper. effects, it integrates four -function cess documentation problem by using What's surprising about the difference ( +, -, *, /) arithmetic with a lively ad- icons for the various word processing in quality between the Bumbles and venture game. The math problems are functions. Icons are small on- screen pic- Juggles software is they both originate presented in a somewhat unusual and tographs representing the various pro- from the same source -The Learning challenging manner, and even the adults gram functions: A file cabinet denotes a Company. who used the program had a lot of fun file, a printer means print, etc. The func- Two educational programs for which with it. This one can really raise the tions can be selected simply by position- there is no indication of the original pub- sweat on a student's brow. ing the cursor on the desired icon and lisher are Monster Math and Adven- pressing ENTER. If sub -menus are neces- tures In Math, and once again we have Home /Family Software sary, a new group of icons appears. The the good and the not -so -good. Though icon sub -menu selection is repeated until neither package is age- rated, they appear In the home /family software area, we the desired function is attained. Through to fit somewhere in the 8 -11 age group. examined HomeWord (word process- icon selection it's possible to use ing), and Home Budget Jr. (budget man- HomeWord with only a cursory reading agement), both of which appear to be in of the documentation, which is only 70 HomeWord uses icons to the same performance /price range as the pages to begin with. select WP functions. computer itself. Both are also most likely Homeword's functions can also be representative of the level of software accessed through the keyboard. An ex- het lìne sYaca 'Trì Á,le HorMeerond lias e s to use Sori\ ¡roces fns rich autgnatic uord rap _., that will be developed for the PCjr by perienced user who finds the icons dis- Cher ea ures fogn on More xpenstye ¿rd rocessors. text e t is done rn IBM and third -party vendors. tracting can simply turn them off and ac- cousin M8ide, but final of dote us fig ee Co the s. een see at th appeam right of ehe screen efleocs the HomeWord, from Sierra On -Line, cess all functions by pressing the appearance of the formatted ducuMenl. Inc., is a self-contained disk package (the appropriate key(s). BASIC cartridge isn't required). It is in A keyboard overlay defining the func- many ways what one would expect of tion codes simplifies use of HomeWord, high -performance software intended for home use, primarily in the area of documentation. Most professional software J. Smith-Richardson is a free -lance au- Pre..s ESC to vo to menu packages include pounds of documenta- thor on computers and electronics.

June 1984 61

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com WHY PAY MORE? IBM BUY AT DEALER PRICES Software 30 DAY SATISFACTION GUARANTEE (ALL ITEMS 100% APPLE S. FRANKLIN COMPATIBLE) but once again it's a paper overlay that PFS:Report, Time Manager, and others. interferes with the keys because it Though we didn't test all of these, there's doesn't lie flat. The overlay should con- no reason they shouldn't run as expect- sist of two separate pieces of rigid ed, other than for the inconvenience of plastic -the same kind of material used having one disk drive instead of two and by third -party vendors who provide possibly a 40- column screen (TV set). If plastic overlays for the PC and XT. (The a monochrome monitor is available, the paper overlay isn't going to last long; software can be configured for 80 col- ours was cracking in the center after umns. For business software the loss of only three uses.) color is more than offset by the conve- ZEUS 2001 s ao.00 NOW $54900 - The whole concept of HomeWord is nience of an 80- character display, partic- ZEUS 3005 (Detachable Keyboard) $59900 intriguing: A relatively high- perfor- ularly when using a modem to access a APPLE + CP /M + 64K mance word processor capable of being database or information provider such used in the home by older children (ages as The Source. * 8 Expansion Slots 'u Auto Repeat Keys * 11 and up should have no difficulty with One of the "serious" programs we 69 Function Keys 'u Built -in Cooling Fan it) without the need for tutorials or tried out was the disk -based Personal * Numeric Key Pad 'k Expandable To 128K * hours of training, yet suitable for some Communications Manager, a communi- Color Graphics 'k Break + Pause Keys business applications. While Home - cations package specifically intended for . Runs Apple and /M CP Software Word is no WordStar, it is doubtful information access and electronic mail. whether anyone ever sat down to When used with the PCjr's internal WordStar and created a brand -new doc- modem, it provides for auto-dial and ument in 15 minutes. auto -answer. Set -up and operation are Home Budget, Jr, a scaled -down ver- menu driven. After set -up, the package sion of the PC and XT Home Budget can be used with only rare attention to software package, attempts to do the the documentation. same thing as HomeWord; but, for many About the only technical problem we potential users, it may miss the mark. ran across was that the software dropped $ DISK DRIVE* - 8275.00 NOW 169 The program, which is disk -based, also the first two incoming characters when u 'x 35 Track SS -DD Quiet + Reliable requires the BASIC cartridge. It pro- autodialing an information provider 'u Shuggart Mechanism " 90 Day Warranty vides for 47 separate accounts and 4000 through Uninet. Unfortunately, the loss entries, and will keep running totals, of the first two characters resulted in a classifications for taxes, and the usual clean screen; and, so far as we knew, the kind of information generally associated software or the modem wasn't working. with a check file. But the problem is that It took a while before we realized there it is not as flexible as a check file. Only was no difficulty with the modem's one word can be used to describe an ac- connection. count ( "Sales Tax" is not permitted, it must be "Salestax "), charge account en- Documentation tries cannot be broken down convenient- $119 °D YANJEN MONITOR - $179.00 NOW ly, and much information retrieval is Just as the quality of PCjr software is * 20 MHZ '= 1,000 Lines At Center slower than using a record book you can inconsistent, so is the quality of the doc- 'r Amber or Green " Super High Resolution get free at an H &R Block tax service umentation. For Bumble and Home - center. Word, it is excellent. But for some of the ACCESSORIES Typical of data files written in BA- others, there are serious problems. Doc- (100% COMPATIBLE TO APPLE AND FRANKLIN) SIC, it runs slowly. Also, the program is umentation for game and educational menu driven; menu flows into a - is WAS NOW one sub software too light and stretched out. - 1 Disk Drive interface Card $159.00 S 59.00 menu, which flows into yet another sub By the time one wades through all the 2, TEAC Slimline Disk Drive $285.00 5219.00 menu, etc. This makes it easy to use, but fluff, the point of the documentation is 3. Z -80 CP, M Softcard $199.00 S 79.00 it's a slow process. Storing records in a lost. 4.80 Column Card $299,00 S 99.00 record book or on file cards is faster in Business applications documentation 5. 16K RAM Card 5159.00 5 59.00 6. 128K RAM Card $499.00 5199.00 many instances, even with calculations is long and drawn out. It often gets down 7 RS -232 Serial Interface 5169.00 S 79.00 done by hand using a pocket calculator. to the most insignificant details concern- 8. Integer Card 5149.00 S 49.00 Essentially, Home Budget, Jr is repre- ing a self -evident function, and then 9. Communication Card $149.00 5 79.00 sentative of "budget managers" for oth- "bails out" on a primary set -up proce- 10. Parallel Printer Interface $159.00 S 49.00 11. 16K To 64K Buffer Printerface 5289.00 513940 er, much less expensive home comput- dure by either not showing even one sin- 12. Epson Printer Card $149.00 534.00 ers. It does not fit into the PCjr's overall gle example, or referencing another 13. Prowriter Printer 3595.00 S389.00 concept of high -quality software for a chapter in the book. 14. Super 5 Printer $499.00 5299.00 high -performance home computer that Admittedly, whatever strengths and 15. T.V. Interface S 35.00 S 1510 is in 16. Modert Apple Cat II (with S.W.) $389.00 $249.00 fundamentally compatible with the shortcomings there are the PCjr's works or runs on ours PC and XT, and which Mom, Pop and software and documentation are echoed the older children might use on the job throughout the industry. But we expect DISCOUNT COMPUTERS and in school. more from IBM. Obviously, the Bumble 3500 S. Orange Ave.. Suite #102 Finally, we come to the regular disk - and HomeWord software proves we can Orlando, Fla. 32806 based PC and XT software that runs expect more from the PCjr and get more. (305) 425 -7770 more or less normally on the PCjr. There In our opinion, there just isn't enough is VisiCalc, PFS:File, (Continued on page 101) Ask About Our $3.00 Phone Credit Multiplan,

Circle No. 2 on Free Information Card Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com am4n, :IiJrvJllvm : I 1:1!' I. i 11t\1 I.,

l'C Talk., L.P. Hutto. pis: Mer Listens the Team Three I r.inp Corn es Lrsumpulcr Microsoft Mail List New 'IIIs Business M: nagen 14- ens: VldtKnrJ BASIC an. 1YurJPVAtAY

+ur.ui' Iw tliv . Ia11nn11

REASONS TO SUBSCRIBE TO

Your subscription will bring you 26 big MINSI ;ues every year of the most up -to -date facts r26 SUBSCRIBE TO A technological breakthroughs that affect you P.O. BOX 2443 BOULDER, CO fí0322 d your IBM or compatible personal com- tter. 26 big issues cf PC delivered to your door C UNBELIEVABLE SAVINGS! YES, Please enter my subscription to PC for: Every. other . week you'l, get a library of 26 issues (one year) for only S29.97..:LESS THAN $1.16 A COPY! ofèssional insights including latest coverage 52 issues for only $52.97...LESS THAN $1.02 A newly- released COPY! hardware and peripherals. Full one -year subscription price 34.97. Single copy price $2.50. find timely information on innovations in cramming, applications and networking. Mr. /Mrs. /Ms pkase print name in full mull communicate with professionals and PC 110872 Company ers like yourself and get reviews of new soft - ire packages, some before they even hit the Address elves. You can subscribe to PC. The Independ- City State lip t Guide To IBM Personal Computers for as Check one: Payment enclosed Bill me later pie as $ 1.02 an issue! Use the attached card or Charge my: American Express Visa MasterCard e coupon at right TO SUBSCRIBE TODAY! GET THE MOST UP -TO -DATE IN- Card No Exp Date )RMATION FOR YOU AND YOUR PC Add $52 a year for postage to Canada and all other foreign countries. Please allow 30 to 60 ITH PC, 26 TIMES A YEAR! days for delivery of first issue.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com E N CRYPTIO N Encoding locks CRYPTOGRAPHY -the use of used and unsuccessful ones broken. Af- codes and cyphers to protect inter years of being held "top secret" by your data away formation from prying eyes - the government, cryptography is mov- from anyone not has always been considered a "black art" ing rapidly out of the closet and into the ranking with alchemy, astrology, and business world. The code books, cypher possessing the key witchcraft. Early scientists used codes wheels and clanking machines of World and cyphers to protect their secrets, and War II crypto have now been replaced "crypto" was a tool of smugglers, spies, by the silent electronic boxes of the com- BY CARL NICOLA! and governments. Empires have been puter revolution. won or lost as successful codes have been As stacks of paper are turned into

64 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com D E CYP H E R E D

streams of electrons, the protection of information becomes harder to protect. It gineering firms already have two com- formation located in computers and has always been easy for computer wiz- puters or computer terminals per user. transmitted electronically becomes in- ards and "hackers" to break into com- Although corporate vice presidents creasingly important. As more people puters. Today there are more of them, once shunned working at terminals, now acquire computers and the moderns used some just "having fun" breaking into a they cannot function without them. It's to communicate between them, that in- system, some with the intent to steal or often more efficient for an executive to modify data for profit. compose his own correspondence on a, Carl Nicolai is president of Cryptext Cor- It is estimated that by 1992 there will word processor than it is for him to dic- poration and the inventor of non- deter- be 24.4 -million personal computers used tate to a secretary. ministic cryptography. by businesses in this country. Many en - Along with the widespread use of

June 1984 65

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Encryption Decyphered computers comes the threat of unautho- hand courier to bring him the required crease, people -and particularly rized interception of vital corporate and papers. Today he can transport the in- businesses -will shift to electronic mail. personal data. This is a particular con- formation to his remote location by us- Since people have always been concern when information about someone ing a terminal and accessing a database cerned about the privacy of their mail, else is being used, transmitted, or stored. on his office computer. But without encyption is certain to be used to protect A lawyer, for example, would be as le- encryption that information can be easi- it from unauthorized tampering. gally negligent for the interception of ly intercepted. Banks now use electronic funds trans- private data should he not protect it as Encryption allows him to use a brief- fer (EFT) to move large amounts of cur- he would be if he were to leave his office case-size microcomputer to download rency from one branch or account to an- and his file cabinets unlocked. This legal the critical information in coded form other. And EFT is not only being used responsibility for personal data extends from his office computer to his out -of- by banks, but also by point -of-sale termi- to doctors, insurance companies, police town location. He then supplies the key nals and automatic pay systems. Just as departments, and indeed to anyone who to the decryption system in his briefcase the pay envelope containing cash has compiles and stores confidential infor- terminal, and has the documents in hand now been replaced by the paycheck, in mation about another person with the without having risked a breach of the the near future the paycheck itself will assistance of a computer. confidentiality of the file. no longer be used and wages will be auto- Consider the example of an attorney The mail is another area in which matically credited to your bank account. who is handling a case away from his encryption will be increasingly used. To- This cannot be accomplished with any home office. He finds that he is missing a day there are over 100,000 people who degree of security without the use of critical piece of confidential information have access to an electronic mail system. encryption. needed to finish the task. Before the days As conventional paper mail costs in- Optical character readers (OCks) and of computers, he would have retained a crease and handling efficiencies de- bar -code readers are rapidly converting all written literature to electronic "data Double encryption uses two different methods for encypherment. banks" that can be used by anyone with a terminal or microcomputer and a modem. Here, too, security is a necessity. There is a growing concern today among programmers that the law will not, or cannot, protect their programs from theft. Every time someone invents a method to protect a disk from being copied some equally clever person mar- kets a product for copying it. It is possible to build a computer with a physically sealed microprocessor and ROM in it. If this is done, programs can be stored on a disk in encrypted form, then decrypted and run within this sealed environment. This method of program protection allows a user to make as many backup copies of his program as he likes, but to run them only on the sealed and electronically -serial- numbered computer. Video discs have made it feasible to store billions of bits of information on a single medium. There is no reason why such a storage system cannot contain thousands of programs. You could buy the basic disk for a few dollars, and then use only the programs you wanted by phoning in your Visa or MasterCard number and receiving the key to decrypt the desired programs. (A scheme similar to this is already used for some floppy - disk -based software.) In fact, cable TV could be used to constantly circulate millions of computer programs or other types of information constantly, to be accessed by an authorized user by entering a key to decrypt them. Sometimes it is desirable to release large amounts of information simultaneously to many people. The information could be sent in encoded form over a

Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com period of several weeks by a variety of !'laintext methods, and then at the proper moment the key needed to decrypt it could be issued. Recently there has been a lot written about how multinational companies and Encryption countries interrelate. Companies in al- lied countries and, even our own corporations, often commit industrial espio- nage against one another in the usual

course of business. Multiple Key The USSR can be considered as a Cyphertext Iterations Stream (Bit country whose interests and philoso- Shifts) Generator phies are essentially opposed to ours. From a business standpoint, however, ...._ the Soviet Union is one huge corporation whose methods of doing business have little restriction on the use of dirty tricks against the competition. These people are obviously "bad guys" against whom we have to protect ourselves. In another sense, though, they are merely another company trying to find out information about the competition. Whoever our business-or political

Recirculating block cypher adds security to the DES. is Cryptography potential user of encryption. Foremost is moving rapidly Electronic Security the cost of the equipment. It's hard to justify protecting a terminal that has ac- out of the closet Today there are several systems that cess to a computer when the cost of the and into the can be used to prevent unauthorized ac- protection device is more than that of the cess to information stored in, or trans- terminal itself. Crypto, to be widely business world mitted by, computer. used, must be flow cost, and to be low The first is password protection. Pass- cost many units have to be manufac- words are used to identify a particular tured. This chicken- and -egg problem -competitors are, it is necessary for us user. The trouble comes when the pass- will only be resolved when the demand to protect our secrets from them. word is found experimentally or falls for products increases substantially. Encryption of sensitive information can into the wrong hands. A determined provide at least a partial solution to the "hacker" can find or create a "back Cryptography problem. door" to allow himself continuing access Satellite communications, while pro- to a computer, and sometimes only com- Probably the greatest problem that viding fantastic capabilities for trans- plete modification of that computer's faces the potential user is that the field of mitting information, has also opened the operating system can close the loophole. cryptography is extremely complicated. way for various forms of information The second method is the dial -back Terms like "afine," "primitive polyno- abuse. This abuse can be committed by modem. This device answers the phone, mial," and "NP complete," confront the other companies, one's own govern- identifies the user and then hangs up and novice. Many times manufacturers of ment, or criminals trying to subvert the calls him back. The chief problem is that cryptographic systems use "specman- system for illicit profits. The use of the user must call from a known phone ship" (one- upping the competition by encryption can prevent the abuses of number, thus restricting his mobility. presenting what appear to be better modern communications technology The third system is to use encryption. specifications) and further confuse the from disrupting normal business When used for access control, only issue. This problem is further corn - activity. someone who has the same encrypting/ pounded by the lack of adequate defini- There has been a real need for data decrypting equipment and the same key tions for crypto systems. and computer security for several years can have access to the computer. Let's start out by describing the most but many businessmen do not yet per- Encryption also ensures that a telephone modern systems. There exist two prima- ceive this, and so are wide open when it tapper (listening to a communications ry types of crypto systems today: single comes to protecting their data. Any satellite will qualify you these days) re- key (sometimes called private key) sys- company whose computer has an auto - ceives only a meaningless jumble of tems, and two key (sometimes called answer modem has left its secrets open characters. When encryption is used to public key) systems. to thousands of "hackers" with micro- protect files within a computer system In a single -key system, the same key is computers. The recent arrest by the FBI those files can be made safe against even used to encrypt and decrypt the informa- of several high school students for elec- the efforts of the company's own tion. A two -key system uses different tronic "breaking- and-entering" further programmers. keys for encryption and decryption. underscores the need for security. There are many problems that face the (Continued on page 90)

June 1984 67

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com COMPUTER SECURIT Y IN THE MICRO AGE

The widespread use of personal computers exposes corporations to a new set of risks

BY LARRY DEITZ

HE proliferation of personal corn- more corporate information is being puters in the 1980s has impacted kept in electronic form than ever before. almost all large businesses, some Along with increased reliance on data small businesses, and -according to stored in computers comes an increased Software Access International, Inc., of risk of that data being damaged, lost, Mountain View, CA -about 11% of or- worse-stolen. There are two major U.S. households. As a consequence, the classes of threats to computer resources: availability of computer power has be- intentional and unintentional. Uninten- come a fact of American business life. tional hazards include accidental era- Terminals, mainframes, minicomputers sure of data, data -entry mistakes, and and microcomputers are considered as damage resulting from weather and oth- much a part of the office environment as er acts of God. the telephone and the typewriter. Intentional ones can be as simple as For the most part, personal comput- having data looked at by someone not ers have been viewed as productivity authorized to do so. More serious are tools -a way for people to do their jobs such things as a bank employee's taking better, faster, and more accurately. Busi- "just a little bit" from a number of ac- nesses have responded to personal com- counts (called "salami slicing" in computers in a big way. Fortune 500 compa- puter crime jargon). nies are projected to account for the Harm can come from any number of majority of small computer purchases sources. Current or former employees over the next three to five years. Small may have something to gain by tamper- business is also moving to computerize, ing with the company computer(s). The with some industries approaching it fast- motivations behind these activities can er than others. The end result is that include embezzlement, use of computer facilities for private business, and /or re- Lawrence Dietz is president of The Alec venge by disgruntled employees. Group, specializing in microcomputer se- Confidential or proprietary informa- curity and vertical market analysis. tion is confidential no matter where it is

68 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com rerin á ië. ".

June 1984 o9

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Computer Security stored. If a word processor has confi- The courts will look to the value of the dential memos typed on it, then certain Beware assets involved, the gravity of the loss or safeguards such as passwords, damage or improper disclosure, the like- encryption, media labeling, physical In many cases, management is still try- lihood of such incidents recurring, and segregation, or other means should be ing to figure out what to do with its new what measures might have been taken to employed to safeguard that informa- personal computers. There is the feeling prevent them from ever having taken tion. Confidential information must that these devices can help in different ar- place and their cost. also be protected in personal computers, eas, and most companies are less than While each case will turn on its own mainframes, minicomputers, and office three years into integrating small com- facts, the fiduciary responsibilities files. It is the nature of the information puters into their information universe. placed on managers include the safe- that dictates the level of protection, not Consequently, line management is more guarding of information, electronic or the location. concerned with results than with securi- otherwise. Each business has to assess its own ty. As more instances of computer mis- vulnerabilities and the nature of its per- use and abuse are made public, the Information Integrity sonnel. Dishonesty is not limited to any awareness level of such problems will particular size company, or any individ- rise. But now is the time to wise up! One of the most important, yet least ual industry. Anybody can get hurt. Just Corporate management must use rea- understood, hazards arising in the use of as most companies would never leave sonable means to safeguard its assets, personal computers concerns data integ- the front door to the office unlocked and information is one such asset. Con- rity during uploading and downloading. during the Christmas vacation, they sequently, managers will have to devote One form of uploading is the transfer of should also never leave the door to the more effort to protecting information. data from a small computer-such as computer's memory ajar. Potential litigation concerning such one located in a branch sales office -to a In this article we'll point out some things as loss of data, illegal copying, in- large one such as the mainframe at cor- key areas of concern in the realm of mi- accurate figures, and privileged informa- porate headquarters. Downloading is the crocomputer security, and bring to your tion that shows up where it is not sup- reverse: the transfer of information from attention some products that try to meet posed to will force managers to institute a mainframe to a smaller unit. these challenges. safeguarding measures. (Continued on page 101)

j.PSYPHER: Software DES encryption (disk must be protected before damage for CP /M, MP/M, and MS -DOS (PC- occurs). Colorado Online, 50 Balfour COMPUTER DOS) systems, and for the Wang PC. Lane, Ramsey, NJ 07446. $99 ($109 for Prime Factors, 6529 Telegraph Ave., 51/4" formats). Oakland, CA 94609. $100 (CP/M and SECURITY MP /M); all others $150. Disk Doctor: Software for CP /M -80 and CP /M -86 for salvaging data from dam- Disk Protection aged disks. Supersoft, Inc., PO Box SOURCES 1628, Champaign, IL 61820. $100. HERE'S a listing of just a few of the CopyLock: Disk duplication equipment hardware and software systems offering protection of programs for the Norton Utilities: Includes routines for on the market that can make IBM PC, TRS -80 and other computers. IBM PC and PCjr to recover erased files your programs and data more secure. System works by putting a "fingerprint" and scrambled data and to recover from Write to the manufacturers at the ad- on disks. Software is useless unless fin- damaged disks. Peter Norton, 2210 dresses shown. gerprint is found. Systems start at Wilshire Blvd., #186, Santa Monica, $12,000. Fotmaster, 1983 Concourse CA 90403. $80. Encryption Dr., San Jose, CA 95131. Disk Backup The Encryptor: High -speed DES boards Data -Lock: Password file protection for for IBM PC, Apple, and S -100 CP /M CP /M program or data files. Southern BackRest: Hard -disk backup program computers. Jones Futurex, 9700 Fair Computer Systems, Inc., 2304 12th Ave. for CP /M -80, TurboDOS, CP /M -86, Oaks Blvd., Suite G, Fair Oaks, CA North, Birmingham, AL 35234. $95. and MS -DOS (PC -DOS). Multi -user 95628. $250 -400. versions available. StoK Software, Inc., The Key: Hardware for IBM PC and 17 W. 17th St., New York, NY 10011. Microslave: Plug -in board for IBM PC others that sends a software-verifiable $99.95. (also available as Transcryptor in out- key from keyboard to computer. Pro- board configuration) using RSA, DES tected software won't run unless key is FileDriver: Hard -disk backup utility for and proprietary algorithms. Cryptext received. Staff Computer Technology CP /M -80, MP /M, and TurboDOS. Corp., PO Box 425, Northgate Station, Corp., 10457 Roselle St., Suite J, San Dunbar -Ridge Corp., Software Publish- Seattle, WA 98125. $658 -945. Diego, CA 92121. $60 (in OEM quanti- ers, 102 Sterling Ct., Syosset, NY 11791. ties of 100). $85 ($90 for 51/4" formats). The Protector: Hardware and software for IBM PC, S -100 CP /M systems, and Data Reclamation In addition to the above, you should in outboard configuration, using RSA also investigate areas such as power -line and other algorithms. Merritt Software, dataCURE: Software for CP /M -80 sys- conditioners, anti -static mats and Inc., PO Box 1504, Fayetteville, AR tems permits reclamation of data lost be- sprays, anti -theft devices for computers, 72702. $175-$2000. cause of physical or electrical damage and special insurance that is available.O

70 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com IS YOUR COLOR FADING AWAY ADD MORE COLOR TO YOUR COLOR COMPUTER WITH

William ßarclert, Jr. iun1(eilt, lake tent Itu.1 Ovum Kits uu l uJú

It .1, loon

Have you been looking for How-to articles for the "Do -It- ADD "LIVING COLOR" TO the magazine to make Yourselfer "! YOUR HOME COMPUTER your Color Computer You'll also find current listings AND SAVE UP TO 41% WITH more colorful ... versatile and of new products, directories The COLOR COMPUTER fun?! Ith here...in full color... and compatible peripherals for Magazine! with bright new ideas, pro- your Color Computer! grams and games-The COLOR COMPUTER Magazine, the r 1 magazine for TRS -80 Color I want to make my Color Computer more Computer users and owners! versatile! Please enter my subscription to Every issue of The COLOR YES: The COLOR. COMPUTER Magazine for: COMPUTER Magazine brings One year for $17.97. I SAVE 28 %! you a new "users manual" and Two years for $31.97. I SAVE 36 %! program guide each month! Three years for $43.97. I SAVE 41 %! You'll get: Savings based on full one -year (12 -issue ) subscription price of $24.97. Programs for home and busi- Mr /Mrs/Ms ness...adults and kids! please print name in full TR 8H112 Company Software and Hardware reviews on the best (and least Address expensive) ways to upgrade City State Zip your system! Check one: Payment enclosed Bill me later Games of skill, chance and Charge my: American Express Visa MasterCard luck! Card No. Exp. Date Please allow 30 to 60 days for delivery of first issue. Sound and music synthesizing Add $8 per year for Canada and all other foreign countries. tips! THE COLOR COMPUTER MAGAZINE-P.O. Box 2597 -Boulder, CO 80322 L. J

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com 44.5 41Pt

4V4_VV As V. 4;a*.;.;. ' -' '-:" , 4001,001001.*

A'AtAill* -447 40NP4O*IG...W. 555006,5. :14.4. . .1. , . . *4 L4 5,55.,55*r. 4..:01:11 55555555~5.40. ir. TIONS00.90*. -.Z.ItIll' *VINVO". 4"..t..x511.1.1

40 445,5 . .. Ign .. ... 44. - .. 5 041 .,WO. MINVe -MR *re 411 VW* 1/1115 4***45 40,0... 1... . AMOY* n5 44 .1444 I. 454 . . 5 ... .. i.e.ve.Nee Ae a. e AMIN. at 4545 0 40088. gel5.1.- 404114111114650 0 .55 ..... 44* ...:04ar .34..""...., 41.1. 0.4111M"' - .5.. 455 4. 5154. .15. 41 A 57 re . .. AN. Ine e.... e .5 Sit .44.- 055, ,..: X 4.."...... s ow ....,5 4, 11.14 45* ... 555. 41°.4540/11..".4.4. - . 47...V. =:::. . " ' 5. 555515 5 55 .5,555* 4. 45,51, ..,..5 5 ..4 am, .II155. 5

. '41111. .

4.: 40'48.1111t -.3.. 4-.5 ... :...... ,:4,,,57.:55:::::,....5.4.4.... .24,45 *IOW ,. .. .4WM. ,.. V.,...... 1.5*. 01111145 41-Vtir1... * 4.- 455. 5 41/15 45 55+ 5 ',..- .4o,.. 4. ' ' ....MM. .4, 4.4545.5.1545, -.. ' 41-141r 4.4',5 5,5.. 455 ailili5,0455,55.5. *--#S5 tiF.45t.-..!;iit. ' '15::41.ii: S. -*Vt.t5s,4116. ''' .rti ?* 5014 4'....gr4t5 :".itt?''''idili5j."411411. 5 alt. 444147.45 4,4 .25..4V;tiki 4. 4.1,14,rt ...[A¡4 tti.. pew id.:*1'4.?.../,....). .,..,_%.416 4Ik t WM..* . AVV7t,74. '44 1,44,5i415 i'li-. at ..5. " eta '.'1% .1155 if6 ...*, S,A...... 4t. 5. 5

1411'.111645 .41111',.40/6//lapitt5 .,.4-,:,.. ..414:174.444.1.11k. * 414AVV-Vlarloom - ir,....:.,...... 174...-.1'4"'"...- .,... COMPUTER GENERATED ILLUSTRATION BY BILL BRAMBLE

72 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com CHOOSING A ..... ttostotort'r. nw.._ LOCAL AREA 12tittir NETWORK A guide to selecting the LAN best suited to your needs BY Ti BYERS

ARE you in the market for a local has assembled the accompanying buy- area network? Do you need one? er's guide. The guide compares a number Many of us do, and often with- of networks according to their protocols, out even being aware of it. How do you operating specifications, special fea- know if you need a LAN? Simply by ask- tures, and relative prices. ing yourself these few questions. In addition to the listing, we are pro- Do you find yourself constantly run- viding an in- depth, discussion of the two ning around the office exchanging flop- current de facto network standards, py disks with other workers? Do you Ethernet and Arcnet. These two proto- spend more time milling around the let- cols have done much to enhance LAN ter- quality printer than you ever did acceptance. We will also explain why standing at the water cooler? Do you broadband networks, like WangNet, can schedule your coffee breaks to coincide make those seemingly outrageous per- with terminal access more often than formance claims; you may find it sur- not? If you answered yes to any of the prising. Let's first look at Ethernet. above questions, your office is a prime candidate for a local area network. Ethernet A local area network permits you and your co- workers to share limited office Ethernet was developed by Xerox at its resources, like that letter-quality printer. Palo Alto facility. Through a combina- It also allows you to communicate and tion of vigorous mass media campaigns share data with other personal computer and low licensing fees, Xerox has earned users-without ever leaving your desk the honor of becoming one of two defacto or shuffling floppies. And best of all, it standards for local area networks. lets you take your coffee breaks when Ethernet has achieved this status by you want to, not when you have to. supporting one of the most sophjsticated Unfortunately, the recent influx of network contention schemes around. In LANs has created as many problems as a working network, it must be decided it has solved. There are just too many which station, or node, has use of the unanswered questions about networking network and for how long. Ethernet and how it applies to you. Much of the solves this problem using a form of Car- confusion centers around the lack of rier Sense Multiple Access network con- networking standards. tention with Collision Detection, or In an effort to help you untangle the CSMA /CD. (See "Electronic Ties that web of confusion surrounding local area Bind" in the March 1984 issue of COM- networks, COMPUTERS & ELECTRONICS PUTERS & ELECTRONICS.) Basically, it works as follows. When a TJByers is the author of the book `Intro- node has a message it wishes to send over duction to Local Area Networks," to be the network, it first listens to the LAN published this fall by Prentice -Hall. for activity. If the network is silent, the

Juitic 1984 73

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Local Area Networks node begins transmitting. If the network waiting period before it will transmit. transmitter, and generally lets every- is busy, on the other hand, the station lis- And there the LAN sits, quietly waiting body know a message is on its way. The tens and waits for the network to clear. for something to happen. preamble is a 64 -bit word consisting of Once the conversation ends, the waiting The first node to time out listens to the 62 alternating is and Os, followed by a 11 node seizes control of the network and network. Naturally, it finds it clear and ending (10101 ... 01011). transmits its message. proceeds to send its message. Should two The first of the two address fields is a In the event that two stations happen stations happen to time out at the same 6 -byte number representing one of three to be waiting for the same conversation moment, another collision results. This address destinations. It can be the ad- to end, they will access the LAN at the recycles the process and forces the LAN dress of an individual station for which same time. This results in a collision of back into the holding pattern. Compet- the message is intended, or the address of data bits, none of which make any sense ing nodes then take new numbers and a group of stations. Ethernet also con- to anybody listening. In fact, a collision the process of network contention begins tains a special code that allows the trans- is more likely to occur just after the com- again. Eventually, one node will be suc- mitting node to broadcast a message to pletion of a successful transmission than cessful in its attempts. every station on the network. at any other time. Ethernet claims that its protocol al- The second address field contains the Inside the Ethernet controller is a re- lows as many as 1000 nodes to share the address of the originating node. The type ceiver that monitors the transmission as network efficiently. The more nodes field is a 2 -byte directive used to identify it is sent. The moment the controller de- sharing the network, though, the greater the user protocol associated with the tects an overlapping of pulses caused by the chances of a collision occurring. frame. a collision, it stops the transmission. The The data field contains the actual mes- competing node does likewise. An abort Ethernet Framing sage. The length of this field is not fixed, pattern is then broadcast over the LAN, and may be adjusted to accommodate informing all nodes on the network that In an Ethernet network, information the information involved. However, the

Frame Destination Originating Type Preamble Data Check Address Address Field Sequence

Fig. 1. In the Ethernet network, information is contained in a frame made up as shown here. a collision has occurred. The receiving is transmitted and received in a package message must not be shorter than 46 station(s), prompted by the abort com- called a frame. An Ethernet frame con- bytes, nor longer than 1500 bytes. mand, dumps its registers of any data re- tains a preamble, two address fields, a To ensure data fidelity, all fields (ex- ceived just prior to or during the type field, the data field, and a frame cluding the preamble) are subjected to collision. check sequence, in that order. A graphic processing by an error -detecting algo- The network then goes into a holding representation of an Ethernet frame can rithm. The result of this calculation is pattern. Each node wishing to send a be seen in Fig. 1. entered into the field check sequence. message loads itself with a random num- The preamble is an opening statement When the frame is analyzed by the re- ber that represents a time period-a that synchronizes the receiver to the ceiver, it performs the same calculation and compares its answer to the number An Ethernet controller from 3COM. contained in the field check sequence. If they match, the data is considered valid.

Ethernet Specifications

The Ethernet network is very rigidly defined, and for good reason. Xerox figures, and rightfully so, that, if a system is completely defined, it will find widespread acceptance. Even the hardware of the network is specified, down to the nuts and bolts. The network must be plumbed with coaxial cable of a certain size and impedence. In this respect, however, Ethernet does offer a choice. There are actually two acceptable types of Ethernet coax, the newer

Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com dtr,

Fig. 2. Token passing. Access to the network is determined by possession of the token.

entry being a thin coax for smaller interchangeable. ABOUT THE TABLE networks. More than likely, though, you will (see page 76) is find networks use the The length of the cable also precise- competitive don't ONCE you've decided you need a net- ly stated. It is to be no longer than 2.5 ki- Ethernet framing structure.. In fact, work, you are faced with the problem lometers (1.55 miles). Nodes are added many vendors think their protocols are o selecting one that suits your needs. to the cable with an Ethernet tap. The superior to Ethernet in some respects - To assist you in your search, the over- tap is a needle -like clamp that pierces the and they may be right. After all, proto- leaf chart has been compiled. Inter - outer shield of the coax and makes con- col efficiency is really related to the task preting the information, however, re- tact with the inner conductor. In this at hand, and a protocol can be tailored quires the following explanations. Maximum Nodes: This number represents the maximum number of nodes Ethernet tap uses an insulated coax -piercing fitting. the network was designed to support. Gateway: A gateway is a bridge that links one LAN to another. Not all gate- ways are defined equally. Sometimes the gateway requires a protocol trans- lator or software. Other times, it is nothing more than a communications link, not unlike a modem. Software: This listing indicates whether or not LAN includes networking software. Dedicated file server: In some networks, a dedicated file server is required. This means that one node, like an IBM XT, must be dedicated to serv- ing as a file controller. If a dedicated server is required, a "yes" appears in this column. If, on the other hand, a file server can participate in other duties, it is considered "shared" and you will see a "no." Print spool: A print spool is actually a buffer of some sort that allows you to feed a low -speed peripheral, like a way, nodes can be added to and removed for a specific application. Ethernet, on printer, at network speeds. It does this from the network with no break in the the other hand, takes a more universal by storing the data in memory and system. approach. meting out the stored bits as the pe- The coaxial tap is fed into an Ethernet Another difference you will find from ripheral demands them. transceiver, also precisely defined, and network to network is speed. While Minimum system: Lists the price of the smallest system you can get by to an Ethernet controller. The controller Ethernet hums along at 10 MHz, most with when building the network. In contains all the instructions necessary CSMA networks operate at 1 MHz. This most cases, the vendor offers a starter for proper framing and network control. is not necessarily a handicap, though, as kit, which contains everything you Each node has its own controller. the sidebar on data rates will tell you. need to network two or three CPUs together. If such a kit is offered, the price Ethernet -Like Systems Arcnet is listed. Additional stations: Lists the price of Many networks are based on the Arcnet is the second network to be- each additional node added to the net- Ethernet principle of collision sensing come a standard. Developed and li- work once you have made the initial investment. These prices are somewhat and detection (CSMA /CD), and they censed by Datapoint, Arcnet is a token - qualified though, because not every often compare their performance to passing network. Datapoint likes to refer network lets you add a single node at a Ethernet standards. In some cases, like to it as a modified token -passing scheme. time. Sometimes they come in multi- that of the Ungermann -Bass Net /One, Token passing differs considerably ples. When this is the case, the mini- the network is Ethernet compatible and from the CSMA /CD contention proto- mum number of additional nodes is protocols between them are directly col previously reviewed. Unlike CSMA, listed in next to the price.

June 1984 75

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Local Area Networks

A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF LANS b Data e 39 á ti`e` Computers Rate Maximum Network .e @ qe ? re i, ó Minimum Additional /s) 4 Q Network Vendor Supported Protocol (b Nodes Medium c>Z r cog System Stations Desnet The Destek Group IBM PC /XT Broadband 2M 256/ coax/ yes yes yes /no yes $1250 $750 830 C E. Evelyn Ave. S -100 CSMA /CD channel fiber Sunnyvale, CA 94086 RS -232C optics IEEE 488 RS -499 Dynasty DY -4 Systems Inc. 18M PC /Xt CSMA /CD 1M 64 twisted yes yes yes yes $1890 $500 888 Lady Ellen Pl. Ottawa, Dynasty pair Ontario, Canada K1Z 5M1 Orion ELAN Tecmar Inc. IBM PC /XT Ethernet 10M 1024 coax yes yes no yes $1695 $1695 23600 Mercantile Rd. ClevalanrdOH 44122 EtherLink 3Com, 1390 Shorebird Way IBM PC /XT Ethernet 10M 1024 coax no yes yes yes $3005 $795 Mnw,tain via.. CA emus

G /Net Gateway Communications Inc. IBM PC /XT CSMA /CD /CA 1.43M 255 coax yes yes yes /no yes $1995 $595 16782 Red Hill Ave. hviRe, CA 927 +4 IDEAnet IDEAsoociates, Inc. IBM PC /XT CSMA /CD 800K 20 coax no yes no yes $1640 $545 7 Oak Park Dr. 8adfnrrt, MA 0171n

IDEAshare IDEAsoociates, Inc. Any RS -232C Parallel 19.2K 4 multi -wire no yes yes yes $395 $195 - pna netwnrk rahle (snttwere) 529S LAN /1 3M Corp., PO Box 33600 Any RS-232C Broadband 2.5M 255/ coax no yes no no $5700 $1400(2) St PauLMN55193 port Arcnet rh nnel LocalNet 20 Sytek, Inc., 1225 Charleston Rd. Any RS -232C Packet- switched 19.2K 24,000 coax yes yes no no $5680 $1090(2) Mountain View. CA 94043 Dort broadband MacLink Davong Systems Inc. Macintosh SDLC loop 1M 64 coax yes yes yes yes NA NA 217 Humbolt Ct. Sunnyvale. CA 94806 Multifink Davonq Systems Inc. IBM PC /XT Arcnet 2.5M 255 coax no ves no yes $2375 $595 Net/One Ungermann -Bass, Inc. any RS -232C Broadband 5M 300/ coax yes yes yes no $9600 $3400(6) 2560 Mission College Blvd. IEEE 488, or CSMA/CD channel fiber Santa Clara. CA 95050 Parallel port Ethernet r>ptirs Net /One Ungermann -Bass, Inc. IBM PC /XT Ethernet 10M 1024 coax yes yes no yes $2290 $895 Personal 2560 Mission College Blvd. Connection Santa Clara CA 95050 NET /PLUS Interlan Inc., 3 Liberty Way Any RS -232C Ethernet 10M 1024 coax yes yes no no $2900 NA Westford MA 01886 port NetWare /S Novell, Inc. IBM PC /XT Star 500K 24 multi -wire yes yes yes yes $13,135 $250 1170 N. Industrial Park Dr. Victor 9000 network cable Orem. UT 84057 TI PG

NetWare /X Novell, Inc. IBM PC /XT CSMA /CD 1.43M 64 MAX_ _ces ves ves yes $2995 $250 Omninet Corvus Systems IBM PC /XT CSMA/CD 1M 64 coax yes yes yes yes $2095 $495 2029 O'Toole Ave. Apple Ile, TI PC San Jose CA 95131 DEC Rainbow PC Cluster IBM iBM PC /XT CSMA /CD 375K 64 coax no no no no $1898 NA PCnet Orchid Technology IBM PC /XT CSMA /CD 1M 256 coax no yes no yes $1490 $695 44790 Westinghouse Dr. Fremont, CA 94539

AST Research Inc. 2372 Morse Ave. Irvine, CA 92714

Santa Clara Systems 1860 Hartog Dr. San Jose. CA 95131 PerComNet Percom Data Corp. IBM PC /XT Token 1M 254 2- twisted no yes yes /no yes $1695 $595 11220 Pagemill Rd. passing pairs was, TY 75241

PLAN 4000 Nestar Systems, Inc. IBM PC /XT Arcnet 2.5M 255 coax yes yes yes yes $12,780 $595 PLAN 3000 2582 Bayshore Rd. Apple II /III Palo Alto. CA 94303 Pro /Net SWI International Systems IBM PC /XT CSMA 3.3M 127 4- twisted yes yes no yes $994 $298 7741 E. Gray Rd. Apple Ile pairs Seottadale AZ 85260

Radio ShackRadio Shack - Radio Shack Arcnet 2.5M 255 coax no yes yes no $1300 $399 Arcnet One Tandy Center Model 12, II .r ..rr . . Soft /Net Autocontrol, Inc. IBM PC /XT CSMA 1M 255 coax no yes no yes $1695 $250 11411 Dorsett Rd. St. Louis. MO 63043 10 -NET Fox Research, Inc. IBM PC /XT CSMA /CA 1M Software twisted no yes no yes $695 $695 7005 Corporate Way defined pair Dayton, OH 45459 Token /Net Concord Data Systems any RS -232C Token-passing 5M 1000/ coax yes no no no $3483 $350 303 Bear Hill Rd. or parallel broadband channel Waltham MA 02154 Dort WangNet Wang Laboratories, Inc. Wang PC Broadband 2.5M 255/ dual yes yes yes yes $1350 $1350(4) One Industrial Ave. Arcnet channel coax Lowell. MA 01851 XLAN Complex Systems, Inc. Any RS -232C CSMA 1M 64 nodes; twisted no no no no $2995 $1450(3) 4930 Research Dr. port 192 terminals pair Huntsville- AL 35805

X /Net XComp, Inc., 7560 Trade St. IBM PC /XT CSMA /CD 2.5M 255 twisted yes yes no yes $995 $490 San Diego CA 92121 Pair

76 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ^T^1TM FROM THE PUBLISHERS OF

DISM A G A ....The low-cost and efficient way to build a library of software programs!

These are some of the programs and applications you will have at your fingertips to expand your IBM PC:

Now you can build a library of software Sunup programs with amazing ease and at Low. . amazing savings! Imagine, adding to your home a library of utilities, sub -routines, games and data files for as little as $3 per BUSINESS AND FINANCE HOME /PERSONAL PRO- UTILITIES AND DIAGNOS- program! PC DISK MAGAZINE, a new con- AIDS: Advanced pie, bar and GRAMS: Income tax return TICS: Print graphics and screen line chart graphics...compute helper.. maintain mailing images...simulate a conversa- cept for your IBM PC gives you this and loan payment tables...calculate lists...personal cash flow ana- tional terminal...sort files... the Present Value and Internal lyzer...speed reading train - transfer files to or from an- much more! Rate of Return for invest - ing...SA` test prepaoation other computer...diagnose and ments...Visicalcs templates sins... games of dexterity, skill correct problems! Every issue you get is a thoroughly for Real Estate, Lease /Pur- and MORE! tested, ready -to -run floppy disk with chase and Tax Shelter Analysis. up to 8 programs, accompanied by a ALL THIS FOR AS LITTLE AS $3 PER PROGRAM! fully illustrated user manual. PC DISK MAGAZIRIL PD8H575 ALL YOU HAVE TO DO IS INSERT THE P.O. Box 5930, Cherry dill, \J 1)8034 FLOPPY DISK AND GO! I want to begin to build my library with YES PC DISK MAGAZINE for: 3 issues for $84. Save over $20! Subscribe today and save up to $60 for your 6 issues for $149. Save over $60! order of PC DISK MAGAZINE! Send us the SAVE 1 issue for $34.95 -SPECIAL OFFER! full payment by check, money order or credit Mr. /Mrs. /Ms card and save an additional 10 %. Address ACT NOW...SAVE MONEY OVER AND BEGIN YOUR SUBSCRIPTION City TO PC DISK MAGAZINE TODAY! State Zip Payment Enclosed $ Product Specifications: Programs will run on IBM PC, PC XT, PCjr. and most compatibles under PC- Charge My: American Express Visa MasterCard DOS and MS -DOS versions 1.1, 2.0, and 2.1, requiring a minimum of S60 64K under DOS 1.1 and 128K under DOS 2.0 and 2.1. Card No. Exp Date_ Most programs will be written to run on monochrome and color display; however, some games and utilities may be developed fortolor display only. (Monitor Deduct an additional 10% when you pay by money order, vs. TV recommended) ON check or credit card! (Offer valid in U.S. only.) Most programs will be written in advanced BASIC; however, some machine language and compiled code may be used. All disks are fully tested and guaranteed to run. Damaged or faulty disks will be D Bill me later. Does not apply to Special One Disk offer. replaced at no charge. MAG A 2 I N All programs and documentation are copyrighted by Ziff -Davis Publishing Please allow 30 to 60 days for delivery of first issue. Canadian and foreign Company. All rights or reproduction in all forms and media strictly observed. orders shipped Air Printed Matter; add $5 per issue and include payment We guarantee full satisfaction! in U.S. funds with order.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Local Area Networks

Professional Peripheral Interconnect Computer Interconnect Attachrnern Utility Wang Band Service Band Band Band Band

9600 b/s 2.5 Mb/s 12 Mb/s R 9600 b/s 4.27 Mb/.s Gen. Arcnet Pur. CSMA/CD 64 Kb/s

10.0 20.6 29.1 44.1 49.6 81.6 93.5 149.4 174.0 216.0 243.0 400.0(MHz)

Fig. 3. Allocation of frequencies in the 390 -MHz -wide communications band used by WangNet.

which allows everyone access to the net- quires that the new node receive the stored in the memory of the initiating work at all times, token passing permits token. node. only one user at a time access to the Arcnet solves this problem with a Each subsequent station receiving the network. unique network -reconfiguration token goes through the same procedure, Network use is determined by an elec- scheme. When a new station is added to beginning with its address plus one and tronic tag called a token. The token gives the network, it broadcasts a reconfig- looking for the next station on the line. the station in possession of it the right to uration burst -pattern. What this does is When the token returns to the highest- transmit on the network. Only one node erase the token's destination address numbered node, the reconfiguration is at a time can be in possession of the from every node on the network. complete. Once reconfigured, the net- token. After the reconfiguration burst oc- work can go back to work. As illustrated in Fig. 2, the token is curs, each workstation starts a timeout To prevent the loss of a token during given to the first node on the network, period. The length of each node's normal operation, Arcnet requires that and allows that node use of the network timeout is determined by its address. the node passing the token monitor the for a prescribed amount of time. Once The node with the highest address num- LAN for activity. If the network re- the station is finished sending its Mes- ber times out first, and gains possession mains silent for more than 78 microsec- sage, or its time expires, the token must of the token. onds after the token is passed, the origi- be relinquished to the next station in It is then the duty of that node to start nating node assumes that the token has line. the token -passing process. It does so by been lost and reclaims possession of it. A For instance, let's say that station 19 broadcasting the address of the lowest search is then made to find a station ca- has the token. When it's finished with it, known workstation and asking if anyone pable of accepting the token. it gives it to node 53 (if so programmed). listening can answer the call and accept To illustrate the point, let's assume This gives station 53 access to the the token. If not, it proceeds to the next that workstation 19 has a token and network. address and makes a similar query. passes it along to station number 53. Should station 53 have nothing to say, When a recipient is found, the token is Now, if node 53 has been taken off the however, it simply passes the token to passed. The forwarding address is then (Continued on page 103) the next node. And so the token goes Fig. 4. around the network, giving every station Broadband network frequency conversion as used in LocalNet 20. access to the LAN as its turn comes up. The last node on the line returns the token to the first and the cycle begins over again. During the token -passing process, all nodes listen to the network. Datapoint claims its Arcnet token - passing protocol is actually more efficient than a multiple -access network, like Ethernet, because it eliminates the idle time resulting from collisions.

Arcnet Network Reconfiguration

In a CSMA environment, like Ethernet, nodes can be added and de- leted at will. The presence or absence of a node has no effect whatsoever on the performance of the network. In a token passing network, however, this is not so. If you add a new node to a token passing scheme, you must add its address to the roster of destinations for the token; otherwise, access to the network will never be granted to the new kid on the block. Network access re-

78 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com HE IN PENDENT GJIDE 4 p p p l C O M P U I N G TCv7 `EXPLORING GRAPHICS

A4PLE BUSINESS GRAPHICS

FINE ARTS GRAPHICS

LISA DR AW

REVIEWS 28K MEMORY BOARDS WORD JUGGLER OLIVETTI INK JET PRINTER KOALA PAD CREATOR SENSIBLE SPELLER

TRANSFERRING SOFTWARE TO THE APPLE

LEARNING LOGO

.., í4fMARK OF EXCELLENCE ...THE p91V>F4`ACL!ä OF SUCCESS The Independent Guide AM 8H260 hi'riG.HTt3FACHlEYEMEN A, for apple Computing Finally there is a magazine written YES, I want to save up to 33% on A+ Please enter my exclusively for Apple II series and subscription for: Macintosh users that can be called A+ D One year (12 issues) D Two years D Three years If you're looking for ways to expand the for $1997 for $36.97 for $4997

I use of your Apple ... it-you're a doctor or Save 20%! I Save 26%! I Save 33 %! lawyer and you want to computerize SaN hags based on full one -year subscription price of $24.97. your practice ... ifyou're a student and Mr/Mrs/Ms you need an Apple to organize your (plea, print name in lull) work load ...or if want to know more Company about games, A+ is the magazine/òr you! Address Business and Finance Applications, City State Zip Product Reviews, Apples at Work, Check one: Payment enclosed Bill me later Apples and Learning and That's Enter- Charge my: American Express Visa MasterCard tainment are just a sampling of the Card No. Exp. Date features you'll find in A+ month after Add $12 a year in Canada and all other foreign countries. month! Please allow 30 to 60 days for del isery of first issue.

A+...TOP OF ITS CLASS. M- Po. Box 2964 Boulder. Colorado 80322 www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com BARBARA AND JOHN McMULLEN GUEST COLUMN

COMPATIBILITY AND PORTABILITY

COMPAQ Computer Corpora - tion's latest offering, the Com- paq Plus Computer, is a superb machine. We make that statement without fear of contradiction after exercising the computer for slightly over a month and utilizing much of the popular IBM PC business software (e.g. Lotus 1 -2 -3, MultiMate, dBase II, VersaForm, and so on). We also took the Compaq Plus on business trips, and found that it travelled very well on airlines. The computer is as fully IBM PC compatible as the first product from Compaq Computer Cor- poration, the Compaq Portable Corn- puter and performs equally well. In addition, the Compaq Plus includes a built -in 10M -byte hard disk. Suggested list price for the system, which includes hard disk, 128K RAM, one 320K disk drive, built -in 9" green -phosphor monitor and attached keyboard, is $4995.00. (Suggested list prices of other configurations in the Compaq line are shown in Table I). Though we've had a strong positive reaction to the Compaq Plus, that The Compaq Plus includes a 10M -byte hard disk and 9" monitor. doesn't mean that the computer will be a success in the marketplace. After all, as are many definitions of compatibility - your IBM PC and have anything hap- we have seen many times, excellent tech- usually formulated by vendors to pen. The disk format, operating system, nical performance does not always achieve their own goals. Some people and internal processing chips, are quite translate into outstanding sales. (Wit- might think that WordStar, running un- different in IBM PCs and Apples. ness such fine machines as the Corvus der the CP/M operating system, or Other firms provide more than opera- Concept and Sage. Although technically VisiCalc, running on an Apple II, are tional compatibility. They may have superior to the IBM PC, these comput- compatible with the same program run- compatible data formats, which enables ers have obviously not gained the popu- ning on an IBM PC because they operate a data file created on one machine to be lar acceptance that the PC has.) We do read on another. (It appears that the think, however, that the Compaq Plus Tandy 2000 is format compatible with will be successful, and for the same rea- the IBM PC. This does not mean that sons that the Portable was: compatibil- Perfect intrinsic the version of MultiPlan that runs on the ity, portability and marketing. To prop- IBM PC will run on the 2000, but it does erly understand these factors, let's compatibility mean that the Tandy version of examine each in more detail. with the IBM PC MultiPlan will read data created on the PC using MultiPlan.) Compatibility is impossible The final level of compatibility is the one in which most people are interested. Compaq Computer Corporation had, At this level, one computer (such as the as one of its initial design goals, "full" in a similar manner. While these systems Compaq) can properly run software compatibility with the IBM PC. There might be considered "operationally" or written for another machine (such as the "functionally" compatible, they certain- IBM PC). Furthermore, the user should Barbara E. McMullen and John F. ly could not be considered "fully" com- not have to make modifications to the McMullen are contributing editors for patible. You cannot put your Apple software or use complicated procedures COMPUTERS & ELECTRONICS. VisiCalc program and data diskettes into to get it to run. It is for this final level of

80 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com compatibility that Compaq (and Colum- tain two program diskettes -one for the patible is by far the safest route available bia and Corona and many others) have Compaq and one for the PC. but- though it may appear to he merely striven. In deciding to strive for a final prod- sacrificing performance for such Perfect intrinsic compatibility with uct as close to perfect compatibilty as safety -the decision has broader impli- IBM PC is impossible to achieve. IBM possible, Compaq decided that the stan- cations. While we prefer the layout of uses a proprietary method of loading dards embraced by IBM would become the Hyperion, and would choose that de- Microsoft's BASIC programming lan- industry standards and that, to be suc- sign if it were our only computer, we cer- guage (MBASIC) that comes with the cessful in the marketplace, adherence to tainly do not want the third, fourth and system. The PC contains the "kernel" of these standards was mandatory. To its fifth computers in our office to have a BASIC in read -only memory (ROM). credit, Compaq is considered through- layout different from that of our first two Enhancements to this kernel are con- out the industry as the most compatible computers (which are IBMs). These sys- tained on DOS diskettes that may be ob- of compatibles. Compaq works very tems must be completely interchange- tained from IBM. Expansions to the hard at maintaining this position. It enable. The differences in such designs lead built -in BASIC are called BASIC.COM sures that any device or program that us into a consideration of the marketing and BASICA.COM (BASICA repre- works on the PC also works on the strategy of various compatible manufac- sents Advanced BASIC) on the DOS Compaq. Although other manufacturers turers. These points will he discussed in diskette. When a computer user wishes may profess the same degree of-compati- more depth later in the article. For the to run a BASIC program -lets call it bility, too often when calling firms to in- present, we will say simply that Compaq MYPRG.BAS -he or she types quire why a certain piece of software saw itself co- existing with IBM. whereas BASICA MYPRG. The system re- does not properly work on the manufac- companies like Hyperion saw their mar- sponds to this input by: turer's unit, we've been told "Well, it ketplace as inhabited by users who 1. loading BASICA from the diskette should." Similar calls to Compaq, how- would decide to purchase their comput- (this load procedure, unique to the IBM er in lieu of IBM's. PC, recognizes the existence of the BA- SIC kernel in ROM and loads the disk - Portability based extension as a supplement to the ROM -resident kernel); True portables Portable, like compatible, means dif- 2. loading the user's BASIC Program, are quiet, small ferent things to different people. Web - MYPRG; ster's dictionary defines portable as "ca- 3. executing the user's program. and can be carried pable of being carried or moved. " Under The loading and execution of a BA- this definition, the Compaq Portable and SIC program on the Compaq (and other by a 10- year -old Plus computers would be correctly clas- compatibles)differ in that the BASIC in- sified as portable. We, however, main- terpreter loaded from diskette is the full tain that a truly portable computer is: implementation of BASIC and not an 1. easily carried by anyone over age 10 extension. On the Compaq, full BASIC ever, resulted in: "We have found this in reasonably good physical condition. on diskette is called BASICA, thus no difficulty and are now working with the 2. of a size and weight that would not change in procedures is required when producer /manufacturer to correct it." interfere with also carrying a handbag or loading programs. (On some other ma- And we have seen that the device or pro- briefcase. chines, such as the Corona, the full BA- gram eventually becomes usable on the 3. useable in an environment condu- SIC on diskette is named GWBASIC. Compaq. cive to reading a book or magazine, such While this BASIC, also from Microsoft, We should also mention that one pays as an airline seat, a library, an automo- is equivalent to BASICA, the difference a price for attempting to attain full com- bile's passenger seat, a doctor's waiting in names causes some difficulty with patibility. In doing so, the manufacturer room, a conference room, or a park BASIC programs that run automatically commits itself to emulating not only the bench. on system startup. These programs are virtues of the model, but also its deficien- With these definitions, Compaq com- invoked by AUTOEXEC.BAT files cies. Compaq has chosen this path of to puters are not really portables. They are which contain the entry BASICA tal compatibility. Others have not. Hy- "transportables," or computers that are MYPRG within the file. The user of a perion has not emulated all of the easily moved (with the use of an airline system that comes with GWBASIC deficiencies of the IBM keyboard; it has cart) from office to home, or office to ho- must utilize a text editor to change those built a keyboard with the shift key in the tel. They function equally well in any of commands to GWBASIC MYPRG.) right place and put the function keys on these locations. The true portables are Compaq also provides a method that top. Tandy has chosen a faster chip for the "briefcase" computers -the TRS 80 allows the same program diskette to be its TRS -80 Model 2000. In Hyperion's Model 100 and the Convergent Work - used on both Compaq and IBM PC. Us- case, the change is essentially cosmetic; slate, for example -which are small and ing this method, the user copies the file but not in Tandy's. Tandy's change has battery operated. called BASICA.EXE from the Compaq precluded it from utilizing all software To make this distinction is not meant DOS master diskette to the user's pro- available for the PC. It must count on to demean the Compaq or any of the oth- gram diskette. The only time this proce- convincing software producers that the er 20- to -30 -lb transportables; it merely dure (which is described in Appendix B- market for Model 2000 products is sig- points out certain differences between 1 of the Compaq Portable Computer nificant enough to warrant production machines described as portables. One Operatons Guide and in Section 4 -6 of of software useable by the 2000. Hyperi- should not muddy the waters by group- the Compaq Operations Guide) will not on's decision to offer an improved keying them all together. We make exten- work is when there is no room on the board was not of the same magnitude sive use of both our TRS -80 Model 100 program diskette for the file to be cop- and does not have the same effect. and our Compaq. The Model 100 has ied. In those cases, the user must main- Compaq's decision to be exactly corn- (Continued on page 86)

June 1984 81

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com NEW PRODUCTS

33M HARD DISK REMOVABLE HARD - STORAGE SYSTEM DISK SYSTEM

The I2 DiskSystem from In- Hard -Disk is a removable - terface Inc. provides 33.3M of medium 5M hard -disk system formatted storage for the from Digital Electronic Sys- IBM PC under PC -DOS 2.0 tems for Apple II and IBM and for PC- workalike com- PC computers. The remov- puters. Included with the able 5M-byte- capacity disk 5'/4" hard -disk system is a PAK utilizes thin -film tech- cabinet, power supply, cable, nology. Operation of the sys- connector, and I/O adapter. tem is transparent to current The system records 640 Apple and IBM software and tracks per inch and has an av- is claimed to introduce no de- erage access time of 40 ms. It crease in available user mem- features a full sector buffer ory. The software is capable (512 bytes) and has a micro- of supporting up to 900M on processor -based architecture either computer. An interface with error correction of 32 card allows an IBM PC bits. It measures 151/4"D X Hard -Disk to operate on an 8'/4 "W X. 5'/2 "H. $2795. Ad- Apple II. $1295. Address: dress: Interface Inc., 7630 Al- Digital Electronic Systems, abama Ave., Canoga Park, Inc., 107 Euclid Ave., Moun- CA 91304. tain Brook, AL 35213.

SPEECH INPUT words or phrases are joined DEVICE (syntax) can be easily defined. SOFTWARE SOURCES The product offers an unlim- The IntroVoice II speech in- ited vocabulary in subsets of Courseware Package. CLAS is a courseware package from put device from Voice Ma- 160 words or phrases. Other Tough Technologies for Apple II + and He; IBM PC, PC -XT, chine Communications is features include voice -con- and PCjr, Commodore C -64; and Acorn computers. It func- claimed to work with any ex- trolled correction, repeat, and tions as a teaching tool for any subject. Its streamlined author- isting Apple II applications voice on /off switching. The ing procedures allow instructors to create lessons in their own software, with a claimed rec- board contains a 16- channel personal teaching style. All text is typed free -form, and editing ognition accuracy exceeding audio spectrum analyzer, procedures are simple. Up to 30 problem sets can be offered 98 %. The system allows com- 16K of RAM, and 8K of with each lesson. Questions can take the form of true /false, mands and data to be fed into ROM. Address: Voice Ma- multiple choice, short answering, or matching. If desired, ques- the computer by voice or in chine Communications, Inc., tions can be presented in a different order each time the lesson is combination with the key- 1000 S. Grand Ave., Santa used. CLAS uses sound to give feedback when a response is board. Sequences in which Ana, CA 92705. made to a question. A student help feature, review of problem areas, and summary of student performance at the end of the lesson are provided. Requirements: Apple computer with 48K of RAM; DOS 2.0 or 2.1 for IBM computers. $89.95. Address: Touch Technologies, 609 S. Escondido Blvd., Suite 101, Escon- dido, CA 92025.

Relational Database Manager. R:base 2000 is a single -user relational database management system for use in small personal computers like the IBM PCjr. It was developed for the individual who has limited database management requirements. The package provides basic information management features like file organization and management, search and sort capabilities, and easy -to -use prompts and commands. Simple commands enable the first -time user to easily define formats and files for information storage and retrieval. The system can man- age more than 65,000 records. R:base 2000 can run in computers that use MS -DOS, PC -DOS, CTOS, and BTOS operating systems. Requirements: 128K of RAM. Address: Microrim Inc., 1750 112 Ave. NE, Bellevue, WA 98004.

82 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com PERSONAL DATA- BANK WRISTWATCH

Seiko is marketing an alarm chronograph with data storage and retrieval system and calculator capabilities. The Data 2000 consists of two elements -an LCD quartz alarm chronograph and a check -book -size data entry keyboard. The watch snaps into the keyboard to become a full- function calculator for data input. The watch is capable of storing 200 lines of 10 ADVANCED PORTA- characters each in its own BLE COMPUTER built -in memory. When worn The PC Traveler from Strate- separate from the keyboard gic Technologies is a high- element, the watch is capable performance portable micro- of displaying four lines of text computer that uses advanced at a time and can scroll technologies. The attache - through all 200 lines of data. case -size computer features a Circle No. 83 on Free Information Card 91/4" diagonal plasma display

-ow with 80 X 25-character display and a true 16 -bit 80186 EMERGENCY AC to a threatening level. Trans- microprocessor. Other fea- POWER SYSTEM fer from ac -line to inverter tures include 256K of RAM power is typically 4 ms. The (1M addressable); 32K of Powermark's Automatic devices are rated to deliver ROM; dual 360K halfzheight Power Systems provide up to 300 VA at 60 Hz and feature 5'/4" floppy -disk drives; and a three hours of emergency ac short -circuit protection. Ad- custom -designed IBM PC- power to protect computer dress: Powermark, Inc., 3855 compatible detached key- equipment against memory Ruffin Rd., San Diego, CA board. Also built in is an 80- loss, data -entry errors, and 92123. cps full- function printer 300- AND 1200 -BAUD hardware MODEMS problems associat- capable of printing 80- and ed with brownouts, voltage 132 -characters per line on Apple's Modem 300 and sags, and momentary power cut -sheet, fanfold, and roll pa- Modem 1200 are auto -dial, outages. Unlike conventional per. The printer supports auto -answer modems de- uninterruptible power sys- multiple print fonts, charac- signed to fit under a standard tems, the Powermark system ter sets, and dot -addressable telephone instrument. Both operates in a standby mode graphics. Complete commu- are fully compatible with all when ac power is stable, nications capability is option- Apple ,II, Apple III, Macin- switching to emergency pow- al. $4495. tosh, and Lisa computers. er only when line power drops Circle No. 85 on Free Information Card The modems are command compatible with Hayes Smart Modems and work with a va- 40M HARD -DISK bus -compatible microcom- systems. The double- sided, riety of communications soft- SUBSYSTEM puters. The Model H40 sub- double- density, 2.4M- capaci- ware packages. Apple system features a Quantum ty Qume Trak 842 floppy Modem 300 operates at 300 or CompuPro is marketing a Model Q540 51/4" hard -disk drive accepts single- or dou- 110 baud, while Apple 40M hard -disk subsystem system, CompuPro's Disk 3 ble- density, single- or double- Modem 1200 is designed to with built -in r floppy disk DMA controller, and CP/M- sided media. $5495. operate at 1200 or 300 baud. drive for IEEE 6961S-100 80 and CP /M -86 operating Circle No. 86 on Free Information Card Each modem comes with a menu -driven terminal program for dialing such information services as Compu- Serve and The Source. $225 for Apple Modem 300; $495 for Apple Modem 1200. Circle No. 84 on Free Information Card

May 1984

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com NEW PRODUCTS

LOW -COST MODEM POWER LINE CONDITIONER Anchor Automation's Volks- modem is an inexpensive Gould Power Conversion has modem that is claimed to in- introduced a larger version of terface with virtually every its Personal Conditioner for personal computer on the IBM PC computers. Rated at market. The Volksmodem 400 VA, the Model PC -400 is features 300 -baud operation, expressly designed to provide plug compatibility with any voltage -regulated, transient - wall telephone jack, full /half- free power to a fully config- duplex switch, voice /data ured IBM PC -XT with built - switch for use without having in hard -disk system and to disconnect the modem, printer. Unlike transient low -power CMOS circuitry surge suppressors that only for up to two years of opera- cables are optionally available DCE female, TRS -80 Color clip high -voltage spikes, the tion on a single 9 -volt battery, for connecting to computers, Computer, and Atari. $79.95; and originate and answer op- including RS -232 DCE male, $12.95 each adapter cable. erating modes. Five adapter RS -232 DTE male, RS -232 Circle No. 87 on Free information Card } onotD CONDO'PMtEA, KEYBOARD PERSONAL EXTENDER

Bytes & Pieces has developed the Keyboard Extender, an Personal Conditioner filters extension cable that adds up out noise of any amplitude to 5 feet to the length of the and assures precise voltage cable that tethers the IBM PC and pure sine -wave power for to its keyboard. The cable is equipment that draws up to plug -in compatible with the 3.33 A at 117 V ac. $349. Ad- IBM PC. $19.95. Address: dress: Gould Inc., Power Bytes & Pieces, 550 N. 68 St., Conversion Div., 2727 Kurtz Wauwatosa, WI 53213. St., San Diego, CA 92110.

SOFTWARE SOURCES Relocating Cross Assembler. XMACZ80 from Allen Ash- ley enables PC- DOS/MS -DOS microcomputers to serve as development stations for the Zilog Z80 microprocessor. This software system includes a relocating macro assembler, linking loader, absolute macro assembler, text editor, cross -reference generator, hex file converter, and off-loading facilities. Pro- grams developed under XMACZ80 must be off- loaded to the target processor for test. A user -configurable downloader is provided. Availability is on 5'/," and 8" media. $250. Address: Allen Ashley, 395 Sierra Madre Villa, Pasadena, CA 91107. MOBILE COMPUTER 5'4," floppy -disk drive; upper /lower -case display ca- Database Manager. Superbase 64 from Precision Software Wildcat is a new Apple -com- pability; composite -video col- offers an unlimited number of databases, with up to 15 files per patible mobile computer from or and monochrome and database, for Commodore C -64 computers. The number of Wholesale Technology. Spe- RGB outputs; 40 X 20 line records per file is limited only by disk drive capacity. Each cifically designed to be used in text display; 16 -color 40 X 40 record can hold up to 1108 characters, with a maximum of 127 road vehicles, boats, and air- and 6 -color 280 X 192 graph- fields. The system includes search and sort capabilities, using craft, it offers 6502 and Z80 ics or 280 X 162 graphics and B+ tree indexing. An easy -to -use programmable interface that microprocessors for Apple II four text lines. Built in are a comes with the program permits creation of customized appli- and CP/M 2.2 software com- dual -disk interface, speaker, cations packages within the Superbase 64 environment. Re- patibility. Standard features two games I/O ports, and se- quirements: C -64 computer and a Commodore Model 1541 include: 64K of RAM; system rial and parallel printer ports. disk drive or any large Commodore disk drive, including a ROM; detached keyboard $1099. Address: Wholesale hard -disk system. $99. Address: Precision Software (USA), with numeric keypad and sep- Technology, Inc., 1530 S. Sin- Inc., Suite 1100, 820 Second Ave., New York, NY 10017. arate cursor -control keys; clair, Anaheim, CA 92806.

84 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com NEW PRODUCTS

INTELLIGENT PRINT - ER INTERFACE

Texprint's Print -It! Modell is an Apple II series and Apple - workalike computer /printer interface card that handles both serial and parallel printers. The card features 64K of COMPUTER CARRY- program ROM and 202 3P +S PORT BOARD by factors of 2, 4, or 8 by ING CASES graphics, 25 text, and 9 for- jumper placement). The serial The Computer Case Compa- mat modes. It supports 40- A multipurpose interface for port provides RS -232C +12 ny has a line of compact car- and 80- column text, even us- IEEE 696/S -100 bus systems V or optically isolated inter- rying cases for the IBM PC ing the Videx card; standard from Vector Electronic pro- nal or external current source and PCjr and Apple Lisa and and alternate fonts; color and vides three full -duplex paral- 20 -mA signals with choice of Macintosh computers. The black- and -white printing; lel I/O channels, an RS -232C DTE or DCE operation. Trav -L -Cases are built of low -, high -, double -high- and serial port, and a selectable - Character codes can be 7 or 8 scuff -resistant vinyl -clad ply- double -low- resolution graph- rate timer on a single board. bits long, with odd /even /no- wood and contain a minimum ics; text formatting; "dumb" Each of the No. 8800GF2 parity selection and one or thickness of 1" of interior card emulation; and automat- board's parallel data channels two stop bits, with transmis- foam padding to protect the ic selection of proper print has eight TTL latched -input sion rate of 50 to 19.2K baud, computers during transporta- format. On -board switches lines and eight tristate output including a 143.5 -baud rate tion. Metal protection on are available to provide com- lines with 24 -mA drivers. for Selectric typewriters. $325 edges and corners and locks patibility with virtually all Parallel data transfer rates up standard version, $399 certi- are provided. Address: Com- available printers. $149. Ad- to 10 MHz are supported. A fied version. Address: Vector puter Case Co., 5650 Indian dress: Texprint, Inc., 8 Blan- selectable interrupt timer of- Electronic Co., Inc., 12460 Mound Ct., Columbus, OH chard Rd., Burlington, MA fers fixed 50 to 19,200 inter- Gladstone Ave., Sylmar, CA 43213. 01803. rupts per second (reduceable 91342.

HIGH -RESOLUTION COMPUTER WITH PC network (PCnet) and is 256K) of RAM, serial and DIGITIZER BUILT -IN LAN compatible with IBM PC and parallel ports, four expansion PC -XT computers. An op- slots, connection for a disk Pencept's new Penpad for the Santa Clara Systems is offer- tional floppy -disk drive al- drive, and PCnet networking IBM PC and workalike coming what is claimed to be the lows users to run programs lo- capabilities. It runs under PC- puters recognizes hand -print- first IBM -compatible person- cally, as well as on the DOS and the company's SCS- ed characters and doubles as a al computer with built -in lo- network. PCterminal has a DOS version of MS -DOS. high -resolution digitizer for cal area network (LAN). The video display monitor, type- $1295. Address: Santa Clara pin -point graphics. It can be PCterminal functions as an writer -style keyboard, 8088 Systems, 1860 Hartog Dr., used to send drawings, special intelligent terminal in an IBM CPU, 64K (expandable to San Jose, CA 95131. commands, and cursor controls to the host computer and can double as a touch -pad or mouse. The mouse mode is called by operating a push- button switch built into Penpad's pen. The product consists of a 151/2" X 167/8" X '/2" pad assembly with 11" X 11" writing area, a ball- point pen that is electrically connected to the tablet, and an add -in circuit board that fills one full slot in the IBM PC or PC -XT. It features four modes of operation: keyboard, mouse, digitizer (with 200 -dot -per -in. resolution), and character. Penpad comes with several software utilities that make it easy to use with most off-the -shelf software. $995. Circle No. 88 on Free Information Card

June 1984 85

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Compatability and Portability (Continued from page 81)

32K, a built -in modem, an eight -line TABLE I-PRICES OF proposes "something that's as good as LCD display and no disk drives. The COMPAQ CONFIGURATIONS the PC ... and maybe even better," sim- Compaq Plus (with an AST Six -Pack ply because he does not offer IBMs. The Plus installed), has, on the other hand, 128K Compaq Portable with one 320K advice of Sears or Computerland person- 640K, full 25-line monitor, 320K floppy disk drive, built -in 9" green -phosphor moni- nel to consider the Compaq line for of- tor and attached keyboard: $2995. disk drive and 10M -byte hard disk fice or travel does not seem to be nega- - 256K Compaq Portable with one 320K clearly, two different animals. We use disk drive, built -in 9" green -phosphor moni- tively selling against IBM. Rather, the the Model 100 on the airplane and the tor and attached keyboard: $3590. (Sec- feeling is that the salesperson is respond- Compaq in the hotel or office. ond 320K disk drive for Portable computer: ing to the purchaser's unique needs. If Traveling with Compaq is a pleasure. $595.) portability is important for the purchas- On airlines the computer is no trouble at 128K Compaq Plus with one 320K disk er, then the Compaq line should be con- all; it either fits under a seat or, on some drive, 10- million character fixed disk, built- sidered. If, on the other hand, portability airlines, in an overhead compartment. in 9" green phosphor monitor and attached is unimportant, the purchaser will be di- The only difficulty we have experienced keyboard: $4995. (128K memory upgrade rected to the IBM PC. for Compaq Plus: is on some smaller airplanes where, un- $495. Upgrade of This marketing approach, while very Compaq Portable to Compaq Plus: $2500.) der the forward seat, there is not enough successful, should not lead prospective room for both the computer and your purchasers to view a Compaq as non- feet. (This presents no problem for us as competitive with IBM. The Compaq the two of us always travel together and machines provide a viable alternative, can put our feet under one seat, leaving puters might service 14 users who can even if portability is not a prime consid- the other for the computer -a little more bring a computer, when needed, to their eration. An IBM PC configuration with difficult if you don't know the person own desks. We cringe at the amount of the same power as a comparable seated next to you!) Some more adven- money being spent in organizations that Compaq, will generally be more expen- turous souls have allowed their comput- use large, bulky and usually ugly rolling sive and obviously less mobile, particu- ers to be checked on as baggage and have units that move PCs around. Certainly, a larly when comparing the PC -XT with had no problems. We are not psycholog- portable such as the Compaq makes the Compaq Plus. IBM encourages you ically ready to hand our $5000 computer sense if plans are to move it from desk to to never move the XT; Compaq says you over to the same people that dent our desk. can drop the Plus on the floor. Our office Samsonite. The power of the Compaq's is a mix of PC's (vanilla and XT's) and portablity really shows up when, at an Marketing Compaqs (Portables and Pluses) tied to- office or hotel, you set up the computer gether through a Corvus Omninet Net- and find that it works fine. You can con- Since the inception of the firm, work. In this environment, the IBMs tinue writing the same analysis report in Compaq's marketing strategy has dif- and Compaqs work equally well, but the Compaqs have the added advantage that, at a moment's notice, they can be packed up and taken away.

A Quality Product

All of the planning and understanding of the marketplace evidenced by Com- paq would, however, have gone for naught had Compaq not produced a quality product. But it did, and the corn - pany became a huge success. On October 25, 1983, Compaq simultaneously introduced the Compaq Plus and announced that it had filed registration with the Se- curities and Exchange Commission for a preliminary to a public offering. It also Power cord access is through side panel. disclosed that it had shipped more than 28,000 units in the first nine months of Anchorage that this morning you began fered from the rest of the manufacturers 1983 (including approximately 6700 in in New York. who produce compatibles. While other Sept. 1983) and had for that period reve- Though the ability to use a computer firms, such as Columbia and Corona, nues of $58,978,000. When Compaq on trips is important to some, it is not the have presented their products as alterna- subsequently went public, the offering only benefit of transportability. Many tives to the IBM PC, Compaq has really was quite satisfying to its original inves- more people use a computer both at put forth its products as PC supplemen- tors. Time magazine, in its January 23, home and in the office, and Compaq pro- tals. This approach, which allows the PC 1984 cover story on venture capital vides a way for them to do this effective- user to run the same programs at home, firms, pointed out that the initial $2.5 ly with one computer. Another often on the road, or in the office, has resulted million investment in Compaq by the overlooked benefit of transportability is in Compaqs being marketed by the same Sevin -Rosen Capital Management Fund the ease with which one can move com- independent dealers who market PC. (the principal investor in both Compaq puters within an office. This can result in Thus, looking to buy, a prospective pur- and Lotus Development Corp.) was a more judicious use of funds within an chaser does not confront -as he would worth $40 million on the day of public organization. For example, three com- in a non -IBM dealer's-someone who (Continued on page 88)

86 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com TO KEEP UP WITH TOD TECHNO HAVE WHERE TURN.

Plenty of Hands -On Action, Too With expert input from Computers & Electronics, and your own electronics savvy, you'll find dozens of ways to experiment with ...upgrade...and increase of your system. When you turn to the versatility and performance less than $3 and very little time, you Computers & Electronics, you're For example, with reading the world's foremost publication can add a feature to your keyboard that lets covering the microcomputer industry - you automatically repeat a character by hold- where last night's discovery is today's ing down a key. Or you might wantto build a circuit 600 CoCo to a 300 - technology. Computers & Electronics is your direct link to state - that lets you match a -baud of- the -art information in: baud printer. Heard about the important new electrically - Microcomputer Developments erasable PROMs? Computers & Electronics will Whether you're investing $300 or $3000, turn to Computers & keep you filled in on the improved memory chips as Electronics first. You'll find candid test reports of all major new they're produced - how they work, how to wire microcomputers...from the Commodore 64 to the Apple TM Ile to them, what applications to use them for. discover which unit has the power, the IBM -PCXT. And you'll Issue... PLUS Savings up to 37 %! software and expansion capability to meet your specific needs. At Get Every informative issue of Computers & Elec- your specific budget. If you're not getting every tronics, there's a gap in your knowledge - and enjoyment - of New Peripherals and Software today's high- speed, high -tech revolution. And now's the best time Micro programs and add -ons are in- to subscribe, while this introductory offer is in effect: One year (12 creasing almost geometrically. Let big issues) for just $12.97, with long -term savings available up Computers & Electronics sort it all out to 37 %I for you. So keep up with what's happening. Turn to the special postpaid You'll get features like a buyer's order card or the coupon below...now! guide to printers. A preview of the first economical thesaurus pro- workable WORLD S IRGEST COMPUTER MRGA2INE gram that runs on virtually any CP/M- based system. Advance looks at new products like a joystick for P.O. 2774 Visicalc ®...disk drive assemblies...a color monitor for J BouldBoxer, CO 80322 mindersI x t L E G T H O N C S the IBM -PC. »i & Electronics for the tuned in with Computers Increase Your Computer Science I.Q. YES! Keep me term I've checked below: Computers & Electronics will enlighten you with easy - to- understand discussions of computer fundamentals. %! (Savings based on One year (12 issues) just $12.97 -I save 24 full one -year 16 microcomputer Such as the series on learning -bit Two years just $22.97 -1 save 32 %! subscription price of CP/M. technology and an in -depth look at the structure Three years just $31.97 -I save 37%! of $16.97) You'll also delve into the future with articles like Super computers with double Chip: next -generation personal Mr. /Mrs. /Ms. the performance at a lower price. (please print full name) CE 45150 Address Apt.

City State Zip DON'T MISS ONE INFORMATIVE ISSUE. CHECK ONE: Payment enclosed. Bill me later. Please charge my credit card: American Express MasterCard Visa NOW AND SUBSCRIBE Exp. Date SAVE UP TO 37 %! Card No. a year. Please allow 30 -60 days for delivery of first issue. Add $5 o year i n Canada; all other foreign add $8 II. J www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Compatability and Portability (Continued from page 86)

offering. (Benjamin M. Rosen, one of the unique and has applied for a patent in umentation, schematics or instructions principals in Sevin -Rosen is now chair- this area. for installing such peripherals. Only man of Compaq.) Compaq has attained its high degree through trial and error does one find What do we mean when we say that of hard disk reliability with a 3'/2" hard that, to install peripherals, one must just Compaq produces a quality product? disk (rather than the usual 51/4 "). The loosen (not remove) the screws that fas- Before closing this discussion, let's look smaller size leaves room for more im- ten the inner impact case. You find this at the machines we're speaking about: pact -proof material to protect the drive. out after you find out how to pry open The Portable and Plus look exactly While we agree with Compaq's design the case and before you find that the sys- alike except, of course, that the Plus has decision, we are aware of an individual tem board switches are in the opposite a hard disk on the right side. who replaced the Compaq assembly position from the PC and that, to allow Their keyboards are exactly the with a 51/4" 20M -byte hard disk and has proper access to the switches on the same as the PC keyboard. had no problems (as yet). It is his feeling Plus, the hard disk controller card must The Plus weighs approximately 31 that the Compaq case itself provides suf- be removed from its slot. lb and the Portable (with two floppy disk ficient impact -proofing for a properly When we compare the lack of techni- drives) approximately 1 lb more. mounted Winchester. cal documentation for the Compaq with Both machines initially have five ex- The Plus that we purchased has been the technical reference and hardware pansion slots. Using its own video card extremely sensitive to temperature. maintenance manuals available for the and a Centronics parallel interface card, Whenever we left it in an unheated room, PC and the technical information fur- Compaq has filled two slots on these ma- it refused to boot until we had warmed it nished with the Columbia VP, we get chines. The hard disk controller on the up. Once warmed, it worked fine. even more annoyed. Nevertheless, small Plus takes up an additional slot leaving For those interested in hardware com- annoyances aside, we give top rating to three slots on the Portable and two on patibility, we have plugged an AST 6 the Compaq computers for compatibil- the Plus for external expansion. Pack Plus, Quadram Quadboard, Cor- ity, performance and reliability. The video circuitry within the ma- vus Omninet Server, Microsoft Mouse, We have purchased Compaqs as well chines allows the very sharp 9" black - VisiOn Mouse and Quadram Quadlink as IBMs and have absolutely no regrets and -green monitor to serve as both a text interfaces into the systems and have had or misgivings about those purchases. and graphics monitor. Additionally, the no problems. The installation of such For the future, we will choose Compaqs Compaq has its own character set, which cards, however, brings us to one of our over all compatibles presently on the is more readable than the standard IBM. only annoyances with the system. market and, in most cases, also over the Compaq feels that its video circuitry is Compaq does not provide technical doc- IBM PC. Hewlett- Packard Model 110 (Continued from page 51)

rechargeable and provides 16 hours of off, so there is little probability of losing The portable employs a typewriter - continuous use on a full charge. It takes data. style 75 -key keyboard with eight special approximately 12 hours to recharge the An 80- character by 16 -line liquid functions keys. The keyboard will not battery pack using the battery charger/ crystal display is used to view data and win any design awards. Rather, it looks eliminator that comes with the HP110. its contrast may be lightened or dark- much like the rough- and -tumble key- Continuous memory will be retained for ened by keyboard commands. The dis- boards of the old manual typewriter as long as one year while the portable is play tilts in a nearly 180 -degree continu- days. There is something very durable ous arc to allow for user visual and functional about the way the key- CMOS CIRCUITRY preference and ambient lighting condi- board looks, however, and the key travel tions. Unfortunately, the HP110 does feels good and permits rapid typing. How did Hewlett -Packard get so not support an external video monitor. A true lap computer, the HP110 much computing power in so lit- For those who are accustomed to the weighs a compact 8.5 lb and measures tle a space? By using only gray tones of an LCD this should not 13" wide by 10" deep by 27/8" high. It is CMOS circuitry and custom -designed pose much of a problem, but for those certainly small enough to fit inside most ICs. used to high -resolution monitors, an briefcases; and since you need no The HP 110 has four printed circuit LCD can be very frustrating. floppies, you may even have room for boards which hold nearly 100 CMOS chips: A main logic board on which reside the CPU, RAM and ROM: an I/O board with RS232;: an LCD board: and a battery board. Hewlett- Packard custom designed their own RAM, ROM and LCD con- f.: S*,Iect VtfieRyarter Sales troller and used what they call a "Kitch- üüüq,e 5'555]0

i msntìan t,. Asré trg {tt, h tees 't# his 111 r98{atgL,9{X qp tl.e.r en sink bar" (it has everything but the } a"I roV iY i ,rcre.,. i"`3 "'tcttitu than vc. kitchen sink on it) to control most of the other functions. MAI itikkikkkiliff4r7'N,'itAriatdfi 1!*1s re,pr There are more than 16 million silicon -based inside the HP110: but because of the CMOS design, even when running full bore the HP110 consumes less than a HP110's LCD with menu function commands. watt of power. O

S8 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com 101111.

your favorite sci -fi novel as well as the The portable can interface with use double -sided media. It will have a 6- printouts of your work. desktop computers like the IBM PC, to -8 -hour duty cycle per full charge. It Built into the portable is a 300 -baud Compaq and others and use the rotates at 600 rpm and sports a 497 -mil- modem that provides full -duplex, asyn- desktop's peripherals through HP's In- lisecond average access time. It will cost chronous operation. The modem also terlink, which consists of a plug -in card around $700 and shipping will begin features automatic dialing (pulse or for the desktop computer, software and around June 15. tone) or manual dialing, ring detect and cables. For example, the HP110 can One interesting feature designed into automatic answer. drive a desktop's hard disk, plotter or the HP110 portable is a "fuel gauge " -a printer simply by connecting two cables continuous display that tells the user by Connecting Peripherals and the plug -in card. means of a two -digit number what per- HP also offers a companion battery - centage of battery power remains. Serial peripherals can be connected to powered disk drive, the HP9114A. In In addition, when the battery voltage the HP110 using the built -in serial port addition to the vast solid -state "disk drops below a predetermined level, a cables for use with the port: one for drives," the HP110 will drive as many as low- battery indicator is displayed in the printers and plotters, the second for con- eight external HP disk drives. HP's bat- lower left corner of the LCD. At this necting modems -if you wish to use an tery- powered drive is a 31/2" 700K drive point, the user has from 11/2 to 2 months external modem. and will be one of the first 3'/2" drives to of memory. If the battery is not charged HP110 -KING OF THE KNEETOPS BY SETH R. ALPERT

ECENTLY I got to spend some munications parameters and to create tween individuals. time with Hewlett -Packard's upload and download procedures be- Then there's Interlink. Available from R new dream machine, the HP110. tween the micro and host. These do get HP, this combination of software and an Aside from the obvious-its incredible the job done competently, but they are add -on board for a disk -based MS -DOS compactness and portablity -this ma- less convenient to use than other com- machine gives you the ability to snatch chine has a lot to be said for it. Specifical- munications software. Also, while 300 data and programs from the disk drives ly, there are the silicon disks, the speed baud is adequate, it seems unfortunate that you already have in another maof the 8086 processor and the ROM - that a machine that is so fast in all other chine. In fact, any of the desktop's pe- based software. In addition, the 110 feels respects does not have a 1200 -baud ripherals are accessible to the 110 substantial and solid despite its small modem. However, this is a relatively mi- through Interlink, including printers size and weight. nor quibble, and for those who really and the display. Unfortunately, the dis- Let me try to put the speed issue into want 1200 baud, an outboard modem play is treated as a virtual printer, so you perspective. Obviously, because of the can be used. cannot use Interlink effectively to run 110's silicon disks anything that normal- The ROM -based word processor, the 110 with a monitor. As an example, ly utilizes disk I/O happens with seem- called MemoMaker, is adequate for the one possible application of Interlink if ingly magic quickness. This includes preparation of simple text files- memos, you have access to a PC with Wordstar starting up applications and loading or just as the name implies. A full -blown would be to use MemoMaker while saving text or worksheet files. For exam- word processor it is not. MemoMaker you're on the road and save the serious ple, a 33K worksheet file is loaded by the reads and writes files that are Wordstar word processing for when you get back from ROM -resident 1 -2 -3 in about 16 sec- compatible. to the office. This would save you onds. Also, CPU -intensive work like re- Of course, the big seller here is 1 -2 -3. having to chew up memory with calculating a large spreadsheet model This machine is a financial analyst's Wordstar. Portable disk drives are not seems significantly faster than on 8088 - dream. All the power of the best -selling available. Hence, if you are going to add based machines that I have used, includ- spreadsheet is there, including the your own application to the HP110 such ing the IBM PC. On the other hand, op- graphics. And boy, is it fast. as a heavy duty word processor, you'd erations that don't really depend on disk One minor limitation is the 16 -line better remember that it will reside on access or computation run about as they display. I found the number of lines to be drive A, the RAM disk. This means that do elsewhere. For example, Wordstar only a slight inconvenience. Those who large programs (Microsoft Word for ex- operations that are display intensive are really need to see as large a view of what ample) won't really fit on the machine. about as slow as on other machines. they are doing as possible or who must In fact, in this operating mode it is sim- One of the fascinating things about have color should note that they will not ply amazing how quickly the 272K of speed, of course, is that one immediately be able to use a monitor with the 110 memory disappears. My advice for those acclimates to whatever is available. even when at the office. Too bad. who want to run a large application be- Thus, after a few hours at the 110's key- As for the display quality, this LCD sides Lotus is to wait until the disk drive board, its speed began to feel ordinary. suffers from the same problems as its is available and get one. Until then, those Going back to my existing MS -DOS ma- brethren elsewhere. That is, you need with access to an Interlink- compatible chine, however, will likely prove painful good lighting and a properly adjusted MS -DOS machine can utilize the disk - for a while. viewing angle to be able to work com- based machine's drives when not travel- Regarding the built -in software, the fortably. Actually, I sat at the keyboard ling with the 110. two HP proprietary applications are for several hours putting the beast To summarize, I really enjoyed using functional but unexciting. The terminal through its paces and found the screen to the HP110. It is an exciting break- emulation program, simply called Ter- be easy on the eyes. Be aware that reac- through in lap -size portable minal Emulation, uses menus to set com- tions to LCD's vary significantly be- computers.

June 1984 89

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com HP110 Encryption (Continued from page 67)

during this time, normal operations are The best known single -key system to- the National Security Agency (the U.S. automatically halted including any cur- day is the data encryption standard, or government agency responsible for- rently executing program, beeper out- DES. Originally IBM's Lucifer system, among other things- making and break- put, display output or interlink the DES was jointly refined by IBM and ing codes and cyphers), and approved by operation. Also included is a real -time clock that TWO -KEY ENCRYPTION keeps the date and time even when the unit is turned off. The clock is used to set lN 1976 three mathematicians (Mar- message consisting of the number 64 time and date within MS -DOS, so your tin Hellman, Whitfield Diffie, and (ASCII "A ") and raise it to the 123rd files are properly time and date stamped. Ralph Merkle) working at Stanford power while reducing it modulo 11797 The clock can also be set to turn the por- University developed a method of cryp- (that is, finding its remainder when di- table on and run a program automatical- tography in which the encryption key vided by 11797). The resultant number, ly. For example, the HP110 can turn it- can be different from the decryption key. 5362, is the cyphertext, or encrypted in- self on in the middle of the night when Knowledge of one of the keys does not formation. Raising that number, 5362, the telephone rates are less expensive, yield the other. The system is analogous to the 187th power mod 11797 yields the autodial, and dump its data into a to having a box with a lock on it that can original plaintext of 64. mainframe. be locked by one type of key but can only The modulus (11797) can be pub- The portable is compatible with the be unlocked by another type of key. lished, along with one of the exponents HP 150 in that it can switch data files This system became known as two - (say, 123), allowing anyone to encrypt a back and forth. But because of its 16 -line key, or public -key, cryptography. The message. The secret exponent (187) can display, there are some programs with term "public-key" refers to the fact that be derived only by knowing the factors which it is not compatible. MicroSoft one of the keys can be published in a di- of the modulus. (11797 has the factors 47 BASIC, Pascal and FORTRAN and rectory and distributed publicly without and 251). dBase II will be available for the HP110 invalidating the integrity of the en- If the original primes that make up the soon. crypted information. modulus are on the order of 100 digits, a As a companion to the HP110 (and If one person wanted to send another 200 -digit number results when the two the HP150), Hewlett- Packard has intro- a private message, he could look up his are multiplied. The problem for the code duced ThinkJet, a portable ink jet print- public key in the directory and encrypt a breaker is to find the factors of the mod- er that costs $495. ThinkJet prints at 150 message with it. Once encrypted even ulus so that given one of the exponent characters per second, uses an 11 X 12 the originator would not be able to de- keys the other can be derived. This pro- dot -matrix and weighs about 6 lb. Any crypt the cyphertext. When the cypher - cess is easy when the modulus is small, paper may be used with the printer. The text was received, the secret key corre- but the difficulty approximately doubles ink cartridge has a 500 -page capacity sponding to the recipient's public key each time the size of the modulus is in- and the battery life is rated at being able would be used to restore the message to creased by three digits. to print 200 pages. It will support full its original form. As recently reported in an issue of graphics, 192 -by -96 or 96 -by -96 dots per In 1977 an MIT Group headed by Time magazine, a powerful Cray 1 com- inch. A Centronix interface is available Ron Rivest amplified upon the work of puter has been used to factor a 69-digit as well as the HP- Interlink interface. the Hellman group and developed what prime number. The number: The three portable devices-HP110, has become the most widely used two - 1326861043989 disk drive, and printer- together weigh key system. Known as the RSA (Rivest, 7205317760857 only about 20 lb. Shamir, Adleman) system, this example 5506090561429 The HP110 can be operated in a fairly of two -key cryptography derives its se- 3539359890335 broad range of temperature regimes-32 curity from a problem that has been 2580289146945 to 113 degress F -but HP does not rec- studied in mathematics for a long time. 9697 ommend leaving the unit in the trunk of The RSA system relies on the difficul- which can be expressed as 2 to the 251st a car or accompanying Rocky as he ty of factoring a large number that is the power minus 1, has been curious to works out in a meat cooler. product of two large primes (prime num- mathematicians because the number 251 Hewlett- Packard claims the portable bers can only be evenly divided by them- is itself prime. The factoring took 32.2 meets stringent FCC standards regard- selves and by 1). It is much easier to hours. ing electrical emissions and it certified prove that a large number is prime than It is reasonable to assume that within that it passes Class B parts 15 and 68 reg- it is to find the prime numbers that were the next 20 years machines will be devel- ulations. The HP110 is also UL listed multiplied to create a larger number. oped that can factor 10,000 times faster and CSA certified. The RSA algorithm has the advantage than the Cray 1, and that the difficulty of The plastic case which houses the that it can be used to double- encrypt a factoring doubles with every three added HP110 is shock tested to an enviable 100 message, first with a secret key and then decimal digits. In the original MIT pub- g's of force on all six sides which makes it with a public key. The result is a lication (MIT /LCS /TM -82, April almost suitable even for rides with New cyphertext that must first be decrypted 1977) the RSA group recommended that York City cab drivers. with the recipient's secret key and then the previous assumptions, RSA based on In sum, the HP110 portable with its with the sender's public key. In this way a 200 -digit number would require over ROM loaded with Lotus 1 -2 -3, a word the recipient has a message that can only 500,000 years to break 20 years from processor and terminal emulator, seems be read by him and could have only been now. Since it is always easier to multiply to have everything but Dilithium Crys- sent by one other person. This process is numbers than to factor them, the securi- tals and Vulcan logic gates. So if you known as authentication and can be used ty of RSA can always be increased by us- want a truly powerful portable with few to sign contracts electronically even ing a larger modulus. This is why we compromises, ask Hewlett- Packard to though the two people have never met. describe the RSA algorithm as "compu- beam one down to you. As an example of RSA, consider a tationally secure."

90 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com HARNESS THE FULL POTENTIAL OF YOUR 1 ME COMPUTER

You can increase your knowledge and harness all the power your home computer system has to offer with CREATIVE COMPUTING PRESS' IDEABOOKS. If you're an owner of an Epson HX -20, TS 1000, TRS -80 Model 100, Commodore 64, Texas Instruments or work with Microsoft Basic, you'll find an IDEABOOK written for you! Each IDEABOOK helps you discover your computer's hidden strengths and overcome its weaknesses! As soon as you open to chapter one, you'll begin to get more out of your system with: 50 tested, ready -to -run programs that will help you solve everyday problems in math, science and business. Problem solving formulas with repetitive trials, con- vergence, recursion, compounding, probability, simulations, geometry, science and drill and practice. Ways to identify any shortcomings and targeted applications that are best suited for your system. Supplement your user manual with the IDEABOOK that's just right for you! Gain the knowledge and confidence you need to make the most of your system -ORDER YOUR COPY TODAY! For faster delivery, PHONE TOLL FREE 9 am S pm E.S.T.: I-800 -631 -8112 (In NJ only: 201- 540 -0445) Also available at your local bookstore or computer store.

CREATIVE COMPUTING PRESS Dept. NT7F 39 East Hanover Avenue, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 Please send me the following books: 0NClU405' 50 fl0DT-TO-111UN [DU

Mr. /Ms. /Mrs (pnnt full name) Address City /State/Zip Please send me a Free Creative Computing Press Catalog. J Circle No. 4 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Slant I

Encryption

the National Bureau of Standards for is encrypting several times using two or crypting a superencyphered message re- non -classified government data. more unrelated crypto systems. De- quires applying the appropriate decod- The DES is a block cypher system THE ONE with a block size of 64 bits. That is, the -TIME PAD information is encrypted in blocks 64 THE one -time pad is totally secure lated types. The following generator is bits (eight bytes) long. It uses a key 56 because each part of the cypher - called a feedback shift register bits long. The DES can be used as a key text produced using it has an generator: stream system if cypher feedback -en - equal probability of containing any pos- Initial state 1000 The first bit of the cryption in which the key stream is sub- sible pattern. The first step in the con- shift register is tly modified each time it is used -is em- struction of a one -time pad is to generate 1100 XORed with the last ployed. (A key stream is the information truly random numbers. Consider flip- bit. The four bits used as a key, or to generate a key.) The ping a coin to obtain the following se- 1110 are shifted right with American Banking Association has ap- quence, with heads being represented by the last bit proved the DES for use in electronic a 1 and tails by a 0: disappearing. funds transfer in its cypher- feedback 10011011 00110110 00101101 1111 The XORed bit is mode. 10011001 01010001 11010010 added to the left. The best known two -key (or public This sequence becomes the key 0111 key) system utilizes the RSA algorithm stream -the source from which the key 1011 developed at MIT by a group headed by is derived. 0101 Ron Rivest. (See accompanying If we represent the characters by their 1010 sidebar). RSA derives its security from ASCII (American Standard Code for In- 1101 the difficulty of factoring very large formation Interchange) code in binary 0110 prime numbers. It works by raising the form, the message: 0011 numeric representation of a message-a Test 1 1001 large number -to a high power and then Becomes: 0100 reducing it modulo another number. T e s 0010 (This process can be explained as fol- 01011110 01100101 01110011 0001 lows: Call the large number raised to a 1 1000 high power x, and divide it by another 01110100 00100000 00110001 Note that there are 15 unique states number, y. This divisor is referred to as (or 2 to the n minus 1, where n equals the the modulus. Note that the modulus The next task is to exclusive -or (XOR) number of bits in the shift register) and must be smaller than the number it di- the key stream with the plaintext. In the that the all -0 state is excluded. If the gen- vides. The result is a whole number, n, XOR function if both bits are either 1 or erator were keyed to this state then it and a remainder, r. In modular 0 the result is 0. If the bits are different would only output Os. This generator arithmetic what counts is only that re- the result is 1: can be keyed with four bits; it can also be mainder, r. For example, 5 mod 2 is 1, A B A XOR B broken with the same four bits. This the remainder obtained when 5 is divid- 0 0 0 form of generator (called a linear genera- ed by 2.) 1 0 1 tor) must be very long, and be combined The cyphertext, or encrypted number, 0 1 1 (XORed) with other types of generators is converted to the plaintext, or original 1 1 0 in order to be secure. number, by raising it to a second large Using the "Test 1" example shown Although the national DES has been power and reducing by the modulus. above, the result of XORing the text with criticized for being insecure because of Breaking the system is equivalent to fac- the key stream is as shown in Fig. A. its short key -length (56 bits), one mode toring the modulus -the divisor - The plaintext can be recovered by of using the DES has generally been which is chosen to be the product of two XORing the cyphertext with the key evaluated as fairly secure. This mode is large primes. With a modulus greater stream as shown in Fig. B. called the one -bit cypher- feedback than 512 bits this would require thou- The truly random key stream can be mode. In the one -bit cypher- feedback sands of years even with today's fastest replaced by a pseudo- random number mode a shift register is originally set to a computers. Thus RSA is considered to generator. A number generator is called given pattern. After that a single bit of be computationally secure because the pseudo random if its output appears ran- the DES key stream is XORed with the factoring of a composite of two large dom, but is in fact, controlled by a for- plaintext to produce a cyphertext. The primes is a problem of known -and mula. The key for the generator is the cyphertext bit is then placed in the shift extreme -difficulty. place the generator starts. If the pseudo- register which is shifted to accommodate random generator is cryptographically it. The new information in the shift regis- Other Systems and Applications secure, then the cyphertext produced ter is passed through DES, and the will be secure. Many types of generators leftmost bit is used to encrypt the next There are many other types of cypher have been devised, and the best include plaintext bit. In this way the DES forms systems available. In general it is diffi- combinations of mathematically unre- a type of key- system generator. cult to determine their adequacy. The

best assurance a user can have about a PLAINTEXT CYPHERTEXT system is that it has been openly pub- 0101110 01100101 0110011 01110100 00100000 00110001 11000101 01010011 01011110 11101101 01 110001 11100011 lished, analysed by many cryptogra- KEY STREAM KEY STREAM phers, and is uniquely keyable by a num- 10011011 00110110 00101101 10011001 01010001 11010010 10011011 00110110 00101101 10011001 01010001 11010010

ber consisting of more than 120 bits. CYPHERTEXT PLAINTEXT ' 11000101 01010011 01011110 11101101 01110001 11100011 For even higher security superen- 0101110 01100101 0110011 01110100 00100000 00110001 cypherment is used. Superencypherment Fig. A Fig. B

92 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com RATED #1 FOR IS6RVlCE & Ili1l5tJABNJTY

Ali CALL TOLL FREE 23 PARK ROW 800- 221 -8180 NEW YORK CITY, IN NEW YORK STATE NEW YORK CA111712) 732 -8600 10038 ing schemes in the reverse order in OWÓRtD, ATARI 800XL COMMODORE which they were used for encryption. THIS MONTHS SUPER STARRE! PACITAGE An important design consideration SPECIALS for crypto systems is that the security Home Compu[er

6495 Computes á iNRaD N4nwLCPH 9A-$259" 95 should rest with the key and be indepen- 541 OM Omsk D.Ne x499 COIECO r ated r darre Onlinein ATARI ADAM 0 Word Processor dent of knowledge of how the encryption 60030. NOME COMPUTER 199 RAM Butt -In Basic 5urter SlsttOe f1.59Y %AAPPLEue algorithm operates. Crypto keys must be Expandable to 64K MOnitOr uRCOCOMMODOE 6eW r.95 V64 CM Caed Versai 2 2 '9.99 BO Co Card Complete ATARI HARDWARE DrPVe IL Controller COMMODORE SOFTWARE managed as carefully as the combination ATARI 1010 Program Recorder .'7195 SYStémte< vó4 ODOUR ATARI 1030 DOC Drive '359.95 *1279" V64 El SCRIPT 00k '37.95 ATAm 650 Interface Module 969.95 APPLE SOFTWARE v64 El SPELL. Disk '19.95 to the company safe, or the keys to a MCI PERM. 64K [0e for E006.9151.95 6ARROM5 EW S.A.T. 0 9 '69.95 v64 Nevada Cobol '39.95 ATARI SOFTWARE CONTINENTAL 903E ACCT. DISK '44.95 *69995 v64 Nevada Fortran '39 95 locked file cabinet. In addition to keep- ATARI C09020 Centipede ..'34.95 BMW COMPILER MT '79.95 W AWA ACE 1000 646 RAM APPLE SPIONAKIR '24 95 ATARI 034101 InvitatiOn tO PrOg 1'21.95 Elt00.6I1100 WM STREET WRITER COMPATIBLE 'CALL FOR PRIA SOMMARER LNMO0nFeever '24.95 ATARI 0X4019 Rio6Ome Pod '6195 Moro Processor, Disk '39.95 CANON PC.20 P935OMAL CARTRIDGE WC-20 HARDWARE ing information private there are other ATA -SOFT 4*950N Cassette '26.95 COPRA W / AEE CARTRIDGE '949.95 VK 6K RAM Expander .4 95 ATARI 2600 GASEWAE 95001 0610 2544 RAM TK 01211 30 m e grapnKs '49.9s ATARI 0X2639 tai '27.95 COMPUTER SVST91 `CALL FOR PRICE NC 20 SOFTWARE for cryptography. EAGLE PC2 ATARI-SOFT ITZSOI Par Man '34.95 uses ATARI 0X2975 MS Pac Man '23.95 ATARI CY2676 Cenppeele '27.95 PERSONAL ATARI-SORT 943607 Defender `29.95 ATAM30fT RIMY Ms Par -Man 'X.95 One way crypto can be used is to pre- ATARI 092991 Must *27.95 COMPUTER ATARI 5200 ATARI CO2694 Poe Po51[IOn .'2195 SLOW Game FLOPPY PARKER 5300 0,0950, .'22.95 MA1N! COLD 16IBu.0P OOIiU3 `2A.90 2 Drives %Stem l vent a message from being tampered ATARI 3200 GAREWAE V careen lodes mAICIU '37 50 ATARI CX5209 Reanports M061107.95 Ír82 Compatible doerBreakout BASF 160t W 10110 `29 90 ATARI 00524 Joust '27.95 005 CPM fly *258995 VOEEIAT9 610525 MO. or 10 `27 90 with, or "spoofed." Large block cyphers ATARI 005206 Column *27.95 ATARI 0X5217 Pole P051bon '27.95 DISC DRIVES wYY5 W 5 Bo of 101 2á 9900 are excellent for this purpose, as chang- assowMIMIRAI. DRIVES $129" ATARI 1030 DIrectt 6007961 '119.95 COWART C221M1 20, Atari ATARI 590 ACOUSIK Modem 939.95 1768 p to 3 slaves @i ing even a single bit in the block can re- VIC 190 Modem for VK 20 '59,95 CGMCORD 03230 For Commodore 64 VK 1650 AU1000 For C64 .9.95 OOVbPe3aer1 3481 Drive '399.55 ANCHOR AUTOMATION 1í5b1190501 FIX Apple 111630'219.95 VI0E0 LAMES CONCORD 0121 ,,. sult in a change in any part of the entire Universal heeds Cab *1 '59.95 CONCORD 0135 For Apple u Controller C01000vroON o '109.95 Speer ADOle retas Pror Card for up to 4 0.'_ 59.95 COLECO mop t 59.99 Aran Or IBM 62.95 1000 For A' "' '119.95 EL 5972 Inrell,VIs,un I JUIO 6100 block. 06501GR AUTOWTION M601 RASAlaELlR Al tr.. a1 CX2600Game COtole K Oa. Wheel Printer RS232 COmp. MAWS Compatible. '349.95 mrn sr.. System v3.n ELITE r ` 249 95 00 SSEY I namt '49.35 27BU9pT ÖMBR[os Another new use is for authentication. RANA nt $49995 SANYO MBC555 PRINTERS /TYPEWRITERS 128K Color Pomp FREE GIANT CATALOGS MTN ULTRASONIC M Using two -key encryption (see the Double DN áDriveS 288 PAGE GIANT AUDIO 8G PAGE GIANT VIDEO MESI ORI Comp VOewnter .9.65 7,000 sidebar on this subject), a secret key and VIDEO COMPUTE[ CATALOG: WW1 Over 3189 CAMMA TIl FLM LETTER 0600e' CATALOG: complete 010000655 CED. 6 laaser Inge Tan . '8.55 $124995 Buying SOUrCe DISC MOVIeS 0444101000 a public key can be used to encrypt a 64 PAGE GIANT RECORD A CASSETTE CATALOG: Complete usi of Torten* Typewriter '299.95 Art STAR MtñONCS DM.74 -10 160 CPS SANYO MfC550 128K Single orrve.1995 Me most POpuCr 5t ano TItleS Sena/Par-Me 80 Buffer 498.95 message. The resulting cyphertext must SANYO 65601190 320K Dnve '1199.95 STY CMCROM6 C1EE0.13X 100 CPS 132 Cd TractOr reed 59.95 -23 PARK ROW, DEPT. CE6, NYC, NY 10038- MC 007523 Kmoatt Mtn Poo '03.35 first be decrypted with the recipient's se- VK 01702 14- COM '249.95 90S 16 C12202Á tr Colr '259.95 110E TO OM9 R MA: FOR L1i08IPr AND COURTEOUS SHIPMENT SEND MONEY Tractor Feed 'peel ORDER CERTIFIED CHECK. CASHERS CHECK MASTERCARD VISA IVKiude caro TEXAN 415 12"/008 VNan Ill .29.95 100 MOON M0105 152 CO 0 01er 'CALL cret key, and then with the sender's pub- SAYAN 100 12" Green Screen .'129.95 number atemar9 No expirM6b1 cote and vonature we sew GALL KR WA RANK PROCESSING we 01520 Pinter Roger 949.35 ti' Amber Screen '139.95 SONAL AND BVINESO CHEr9CCKS MUST CLEAR BEFORE 525 ATARI TAB103210 12'. R98 COmPOSlte'2.9569 wawa ITetOum Handling insurance ATARI Cualiryäter .35 is TO U S Lter lic key. This combination of keys 60000 3000 1r Am ber Screen 959.95 with WE SHIP ALASKA HANFfl RJEPi0 'MIAs RICO, AND CANADA ONLY iCanachan 0000(5 A00 15'9. 50000108 m a 599A AMOK 3000 12" Green Screen '139.95 VA 01526 Serpial Pr nter 001 minimum charge 1 For by air e.6 d ouble these C 0ges SORRY AmOEK COLOR 11 135 Monitor '296.95 shipments Dle ri 80 C05 BO Column '229.95 unique and specifically identifies both ZENITH 26122 12- Amber '119.95 NO C.0.0.'L NEW YORK RESIDENTS PLEASE ADO SALES TAX NEE M9CH*NOME NOT CERATORom 060149 50 CPS Dot w A506C 0160 1U- Color '269.95 SWIM ARMA RM. FACTORY PIMSTI, ARO 10096 GIRRAIFFT9M. we ARE the sender and the recipient, and makes PANASONIC 0713000 13 Color '349.95 R60041141 FOR ART TYOOORAPIKAL ERRORS. IMMIX 1014 Dais wheel Pinter O 45050540 1771000 10 fir 008,319 95 it RS to electronic rart `MR it possible validate WRITE or CALL for FREE 288 PAGE AMMO /VIDEO / COMPUTER CATALOG signatures. 10 Circle No. 23 on Free Information Card GLOSSARY 1t it to c_, Inmac makeS your Algorithm: A procedure or formula for solving a problem gas to ma ke or attaining a particular end. harder. Block cypher. An encoding scheme that operates on in- computer work formation in groups of a predetermined size. The DES 1500 products, uses a block cypher length of 64 bits. frown over you Cryptography: Applied cryptology. Choose Cryptology: The study of making and breaking codes all ofyourr computer. and cyphers. more *apples. Paper, stop ex- Cypher A method of rendering a message unreadable by Ó23e Many cables, more altering and /or rearranging the information contained in too. Inmac products, or it. clusive Mail, phone feedback: Recirculating a key or cypher. coded* Cypher Easy welcome. Cyphertext: The encrypted information. All -PN - VerbalPO.S Decrypt: To return an encrypted message to intelligible centers are form. math distribution DES: The National Bureau of Standards' data -encryption so your ordecanerbe standard. fully stocked, the nearest m Full re- Encrypt: To render a message unintelligible, as by the shipped nee trial. use of a cypher. satiMost completely Key: The information used to encrypt or decrypt a fund if not message. Guanete0d a y-some Modulus: A divisor used in modular arithmetic. 15 modu- guaranteed mod, 2 is 15 divided by two. In modular arithmetic, for life. lo, or uaranteed only the remainder (1 in this case) is considered. Plaintext The information before encryption or after decryption. 1-800-547i5444E Prewhitening: The process of using one method to encrypt information prior to its being encrypted by anoth- I= I= NO Ma 1 er. This provides additional security. RSA: A type of two -key cryptographic system deriving its NAME security from the difficulty of factoring large prime numbers. 1 inmac 1 COMPANY Single -key cryptography: A system using the same key Please send me a free to both lock and unlock information. copy of Inmac ADDRESS To encrypt twice using two unrelated 1 1 Superencypher Personal Computer methods. Support Catalog. CITY Two -key cryptography: A system using one key for 1 1 encryption and a different key for decryption. Knowledge Inmac Catalog Dept. STATE ZIP PHONE of one key does not reveal the other. 2465 Augustine Drive 1 Santa Clara, CA 95051 *In California, call 1- 800 -547 -5447 for your free catalog. 235105 1 Card June 1984 Circle No. 10 on Free Information 93

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Chameleon (Continued from page 31)

search CP /M -80 utility programs and is DB25 connector pinouts for the stan- The Disk Drives documented by the regular CP/M -80 dard RS -232 serial or Centronics paral- manuals. Unfortunately, you cannot run lel ports. There's no indication of where Though the original Chameleon could your CP/M -80 programs on the system the Chameleon -specific BIOS and ROM not read double -sided IBM disks, its big unless you purchase PC -DOS (version routine entry points are. In short, there's brother, the Chameleon Plus, is 2.00 or up) and the Crossdata program hardly any technical information for the equipped to handle the job. The dual ($99). To run on the Chameleon Plus, more sophisticated user who wants to MPI model 52S drives on the Chame- CP /M -80 programs must be written write custom software, or for the user leon Plus are 51/4" double -sided and onto CP /M -86 formatted disks. Anoth- wishing to have someone else write pro- double- density, thus allowing for a full er drawback is that, in the CP /M -80 grams for the system. 360K bytes of storage on each drive and mode, you do not have access to any of a total of over 640K of on -line storage. the nearly 200K bytes not used by the IBM Compatibility The LED lights up when the drives are operating system. This differs from main use, then turns off to indicate that you chines such as the Kaypro 4 Plus 88, Seequa appears to have aimed at mak- can remove the disk. As in most porta- which uses the extra memory as a RAM ing the Chameleon Plus as compatible bles, both drives are activated even if disk. with the IBM PC as possible. I had little only one is being used. It seems to me that what the world trouble booting PC -DOS 2.0 or running A few seconds after you insert an MS- needs is a 16-bit microcomputer system SuperCalc3, Lotus 1 -2 -3, or Microsoft DOS disk, the Chameleon Plus comes to that allows coprocessing with an 8 -bit Word, as set up for the IBM PC. I could life as an IBM PC compatible system us- Z80. The Chameleon Plus, an MS -DOS not run IBM BASIC or BASICA pro- ing standard MS -DOS disk formats. machine, will not even read a directory grams, however, including most of the Without a disk in the drive, the cold boot public- domain software available implements the Chameleon Monitor through IBM PC user groups. Version 2.14 after about 20 seconds. The Another major limitation of the Cha- monitor commands include B (Boot The Chameleon Plus meleon Plus is that it does not fully im- Disk), G (Go), and V (which toggles to a plement the PC ROM as far as graphics 40- column screen display). seeks to imitate are concerned. SuperCalc3 and Lotus, Big Blue's innards for example, both use protected fields for Software backgrounds in their spreadsheets and as close as possible superimpose the user's data on top of The Chameleon Plus comes with bun- these fields. In both programs the user dled software, including Perfect Writer, graphics and data themselves are very Perfect Speller, Perfect Calc, and two clear and well presented, and there is no 8088- processor MS -DOS 1.25 (Version from the CP /M -80 disk in the normal problem in printing either program. 1.02) system disks. (GW BASIC and mode (or vice versa). To implement the However, protected background graph- CONDOR can be obtained by mailing in CP /M -80 system, you must reboot the ics are distorted and letters break up a certificate.) Since the Chameleon Plus system using the CP/M disk. There is a (Fig. 1). Graphics produced with either is first and foremost IBM PC compati- DSKMAINT program included that of the programs are not affected (Fig. 2). ble, all of its bundled software is MS- formats a disk (CP /M -86 format), DOS based. copies the system, or copies an entire Conclusions The disk operating system is excep- disk. I also was able to make a backup of tionally fast. Microsoft BASIC version the CP/M disk while in MS -DOS. The Chameleon Plus is a transport- 5.28, (included with the MS -DOS sys- able IBM PC clone that runs most PC tem disk) loads in about 3 seconds! Al- Documentation software without modification. It is de- though touted as IBM PC BASIC com- signed to allow customization and hard- patible, BASIC86 does not support some A significant problem with the Cha- ware upgrading, although the exact of the more common IBM BASIC meleon Plus, as with many other sys- means and documention for this are not keywords, such as cis; SOUND; KEY; tems, is that the documentation and up- provided. The CP /M -80 portion of the KEY OFF; BEEP; WAIT; DEFSTR; and grade instructions are inadequate. system should, perhaps, have been modi- LOCATE. Approximately 71/2 lb of software docu- fied to enable the Z80 to take advantage A smart terminal simulator program mentation is provided: typeset Perfect of the Chameleon Plus's capabilities, called CTERM is included on the BA- Writer and Perfect Calc manuals, about possibly in a coprocessor or multipro- SIC disk. CTERM allows the transmis- 50 pages of "Read -Me- First" materials cessing environment. sion and reception to disk of files via the covering the basics of running the vari- There is a real need for much more serial RS -232 port and creates a 4K ous programs, and two small looseleaf Chameleon-specific hardware and soft- transmit buffer and a 64K receiver buff- binders containing a User's Manual and ware documentation than is supplied. er. The serial port driver routines are in- CP /M -80 documentation. The user's The use of PALs to configure the ma- cluded as an alterable SERDRV.OBJ manual consists of photocopies of the chine might make reconfiguration diffi- file. I had no trouble using this program Microsoft MS -DOS manual, the Micro- cult without dealer assistance, which is with a null modem to talk to other com- soft BASIC86 Interpreter User's Guide, often not reliable and not always freely puters or communicate over phone lines the Microsoft BASIC86 Reference Man- given. There is an extension chassis that using a modem. ual, and the Chameleon manual itself. allows the use of PC compatible circuit The Z80- processor CP /M -80 Version The documentation contains no hard- cards, but I think if you really need that 2.2 (Rev 1.0) system disk is available ware /software configuration informa- much compatibility with the IBM PC from Seequa as an option for $150. The tion specific to the Chameleon Plus. you would be better off with an actual disk includes the standard Digital Re- There is no I/O port evaluation and no PC or PC portable.

94 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com DISKETTE TI 855 Printer REDUCES (Continued from page 33) COST 50 %! Make use of the back ging any of the optional font ROM car- dot -matrix printers. of your 51/4" Diskettes tridges into the printer automatically The final four positions of the DIP and SAVE. disables the built -in ROM and transfers switch permit selection of either Cen- MIME SWITCH tools control to the preprogrammed cartridge. tronics- compatible parallel interface make it easy Any print option can be selected di- (which is the configuration to which the Adds the precise rectly from the printer's control panel. printer is set at the factory) or standard notch where you need it. To print out a simple document in which RS -232 serial interface with various pro- Doubles diskette space only a single font is to be used, such as a tocols and baud rates. Connection to the or MONEY BACK. is letter, all print options can be preset via printer in either case through the same NIBBLE 4V07tiH I the control panel switches, obviating the DB -25 connector on its rear apron. Cuts square notch for need to embed escape codes in the docu- The optional drop -in fanfold paper Apple, II, II +, Ile, III, ment file. tractor requires neither tools nor electri- Franklin and Commodore. re- cal for installation. Once in For complex printing tasks that connections only $14.95 each quire more than one font, it is more prac- place, it uses a rather unusual scheme to add $1.50 each P &H ($4.50 each foreign P &H) tical to embed appropriate escape codes move the paper around the platen and NIBBLE NOTCH II in the document file. With proper cod- past the printhead. Instead of pulling the Cuts square notch and 1/4" inch round ing, anything a word -processing pro- paper out of the printer after printing, as "index hole." For use with computers gram is capable of providing can be most tractors do, it pushes the paper un- other than those shown above. printed out by the Model 855 printer. der the platen and to the printhead. By only $21.90 each using the push -feed scheme, the tractor add $2.50 each P &H - ($6.50 each foreign P &H) makes it possible to print on the first line SATISFACTION GUARANTEED OR YOUR MONEY BACK of any sheet of paper, rather than having 'Florida Residents Add 5% Sales Tax' to skip a sheet to begin printing as con- ORDER TODAY! It's a wonder ventional pull -type tractors do. SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: that this printer One concern of a prospective buyer might be how much space on a computer NIMBLE NI TI; H has come to market desk will have to be reserved for the Clldl /'11TF,2 PRODUCTS DIVISION OF CORTRAN INTERNATIONAL Model 855 printer. Since this is a stan- at a price that 4211 NW 75th TERRACE, DEPT. 83 dard letter printer that can be adjusted LAUDERHILL, FL 33319 doesn't break the to handle paper up to 8'/2" wide (with- PAT. PEND. ALL TRADEMARKS ARE ACKNOWLEDGED out tear -off perforations for fan -fold pa- Circle No. 1 on Free Information Card $1000 barrier per), its footprint is in the median range, measuring roughly 16" wide by 13" NO PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE NECESSARY deep. This is only slightly larger than the Epson MX -80's footprint, though its BECOME YOUR OWN Optional font cartridges currently height of 5%" (6" with tractor installed) available offer a variety of popular Ro- is about 11/2" taller than the MX -80. man and italics fonts that can be used in COMPUTER either the DRAFT or the QUALITY mode. Closing Comments EXPERT Some include proportional spacing, LEARN HOW TO USE A COMPUTER while all can be used to generate justified The TI Model 855 printer is not exact- Now you can LEARN EVERYTHING ly is a you ever wanted to know about text and a variety of pitches within the quiet in operation, although it lot microcomputers, applications oper- less noisy dot -matrix ations and programming. UNDER- same document. Additional type fonts than other impact STAND computer talk and WRITE are likely to be added to the list in the printers we have used. In the months we professional BASIC programs. Use and modify any of thousands of near future. have had it up and running, we have had readily available home or business programs for your own special If you require a special font not avail- not one complaint about its perfor- needs Programs like: word-processing, data base management, able from TI's library, you can design it mance, which was in fact flawless. The bookkeeping. mailing lists, graphics and hundreds more! yourself with the optional RAM font convenience and flexibility it offers have to be appreciated. And LEARN AT YOUR OWN PACE IN YOUR SPARE TIME module. to be experienced Our guided independent study program allows you to learn at your own pace. in your spare time. in the privacy of your own home. No classes to considering all that the printer is capable attend. And our expert instructors will provide you with one-on -one Other Features of doing in formatting text, using differ- counseling. LEARN EVEN BEFORE YOU DECIDE ON ACOMPUTER ent ROM font cartridges, it is a wonder Everything is explained in clear easy-to-understand language. You will enjoy learning to use a computer -EVEN IF YOU DON'T OWN ONE Leam Inside the printer is an 8- position DIP that it has come to market at a price that to program from the fimi lesson, programs that will run on any personal switch for presetting certain parameters. does not break the $1000 barrier. computer you choose: IBM. APPLE, COMMODORE, TRS. 11 and more. LEARN AT HOME, TAKE IT TO WORK Two positions permit selection of either Having used a number of late -model Programming Is the best way to learn to use computers and we can show you the best and most economical way to learn 7 or 8 data bits and odd or even parity. A printers from various manufacturers, all programming! today for your free information No salesman will call. third position enables and disables the offering a letter -quality mode, we have Send package. automatic line -feed feature, while the decided to make our next printer pur- helix CENTER FOR COMPUTER EDUCATION fourth position permits selection of the chase a TI Model 855-mostly because INSTITUTE 1743 So. Vermont Ave., Los Angeles, CA 1K1008 WP (word processing) or DP (data proof its ability to conveniently accommo- HALIK INSTITUTE CENTER FOR COMPUTER EDUCATION DEPT. 44-8 cessing) mode. date different plug -in ROM font car- 1743 SO. VERMONT AVE In its word processing mode, the tridges. As an aside to this, it is interest- LOS ANGELES. CA 00008 " YES! Send me Information on how loan teamabout computers and Programmlrg printer accepts the code set used for Dia- ing to report that several people who al hamM blo formed- character printers. Its data have seen the Model 855 in operation in Name Age processing mode allows the printer to ac- our offices have already placed orders Address City State/Zip cept the code set used in Epson series for this printer. O I already hava a comouter aveiAde.

Make Modal J -Tune 1984 95

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com NewWord (Continued from page 48)

NewWord and that of WordStar. None Support of these differences prevented me from Documentation getting the work done; and, had I actual- Support being important with a com- ly read the NewWord documentation, Because I know WordStar very well, plex product like NewWord, I decided I'm sure I would not have had any diffi- it's hard for me to judge; but NewWord to test it. I called Rocky Mountain with culty at all. comes with what looks like very good a question about NewWord. They put Bugs aside, software functions only in documentation. me through to a support person who an- the context of an overall computer sys- NewWord has a training manual, ori- swered my question politely and tem, and all systems fail, sooner or later. ented toward computer novices, which straightforwardly. (And there was no Recognizing this, the NewWord devel- take you step by step through installa- way she could have known I was a opers have included an important reli- tion and basic word -processing opera- reviewer.) ability aid which helps reduce the tions. With those skills in place, the The question: "Why doesn't New- chances of your losing a text file because manual gives you increasingly advanced Word show my bolded text in bold on of a system crash. When you do a "save - training until, after 200 -plus pages, you the screen as the manual says it should ?" and- resume" with NewWord, your file will be a reasonably capable user. At that The answer: "Because it (NewWord is saved and then re- opened with the point you are ready for NewWord's 1.18) has a bug. The bug will be fixed in cursor position unchanged. WordStar "Encyclopedia" (their term), another the next release, due out in about three doesn't do this. When I do a save- and -re- 200 -plus pages of comprehensive (and weeks." sume on WordStar, I have to try to re- well- written) reference material. "Oh really ", I said. "What's your up- member to make a note of where I was, Also, by then you will have formed a date policy ?" and then I have to search the text for that strong set of preferences about how "We're still defining it" I was told, place. This takes time, and anyway I'm NewWord ought to operate. The "Nuts "But you'll be able to buy the update for on a very reliable hard disk system, so it and Bolts" section of the manual tells a modest price." (I was given a tentative doesn't seem worth it, and I don't do you how to customize NewWord in a va- price that is considerably lower than it -and once in a while I get hurt. My riety of ways to suit your tastes. what it would cost you to upgrade from system software and hardware are both In general, all of this customization

WordStar +Mailmerge 3.0 to Word- very reliable, but . . . can be done through NewWord's "in- Star + Mailmerge 3.3. Even more impor- My local power company has "pulled stall" program, including the setting of tant, the promised update arrived three the plug" on me four times in the last many options which would have to be weeks later and the bug in fact has been year. One of those times I was in the done through low -level patches on fixed. NewWord 1.28 displays highlight- middle of a very intricate edit. It took me WordStar. You can still resort to patch- ed text like this, intensified on the four hours to recover, because I had lost es if you want. For example, my own screen.) the habit of save -and -resume -ing fre- preference is to have normal text dis- Fine, that was one call. What happens quently. On the other hand, with played intensified, with highlighted text if you have several questions over time? NewWord I can save the entire review displayed as dim. Sufficient information Well, NewWord comes with 90 days of on my hard disk right now-I counted was given in "Nuts and Bolts" to allow no- charge telephone support (although, off 15 seconds till I was able to resume - me to locate the pair of NewWord in- of course, you pay for the calls). After because it's no trouble at all. This simple structions that control this issue, and to that, you can either get your questions feature of NewWord will make you will- interchange them so as to make answered by mail until the end of the ing to do save -and -resume operations, NewWord work the way I prefer. This first year, or you can pay an hourly rate encouraging you to back up your current kind of modification calls for strong as- of $45 for telephone support. Rocky work on disk as you go. sembly language skills, along with a low - Mountain also offers a continuing tele- Of course, equipment failure isn't the level reference manual for the terminal phone support contract for $50 per only thing that can cost you a file. Sup- to be used, but it can be done. month. pose you're creating one from scratch Beginners will benefit greatly from the The folks at Rocky Mountain have (so there isn't a .BAK File). You haven't considerable NewWord documentation certainly done their marketing home- done a save, and by mistake you just did which exists online in the form of mes- work. They're selling a better product at "delete block (of text)" when you meant sages, reminders, explanations, and the a dramatically lower price. They support "move block." With WordStar you're like. WordStar has this also, but its mes- it, they promise to update it, and they out of luck. sages tend toward "computerese," while promise to make the updates affordable. With NewWord, you simply do ' U, NewWord's messages mostly are in En- I believe them. which unerases the whole thing. (The glish. And while I'm thinking about it, size of the "unerase buffer" is an installa- one of WordStar's most annoying mes- Reliability tion option. I keep it set to 2000 bytes sages is its demand that you press ES- which is a little more than a screenful of CAPE every time you cancel an opera- I found NewWord to be very reliable. text.) Incidentally, these are just two of tion. NewWord doesn't require this. It This is remarkable in any new product, the many examples of where the devel- simply cancels, as you asked, leaving you especially in high -performance industri- opers of NewWord have identified ready to enter another command. al-grade software like NewWord. The weaknesses in WordStar and taken steps developers, Newstar Software Inc., have to fix them. Performance done an outstanding job. Here's another example: In edit mode, Nevertheless, in writing this review, I NewWord's BACKSPACE key functions What I found concerning perfor- encountered what at first seemed like just like the DELETE /RUBOUT key. mance is presented in the sidebar. As several minor bugs in NewWord. They WordStar doesn't do this either. (Unless you can see, NewWord is typically either proved instead simply to be minor differ- you know how to customize it or you faster than WordStar or of comparable ences between the command structure of have a keyboard macro processor.) performance.

96 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com NewWord also has a subtle perfor- be looking at your CRT (or anywhere to -hours until you feel like you know mance feature that is referred to as the but at the keyboard) all the time. To be what's going on, days till you feel com- "fullness gauge." This lets you see at a productive you must know where every- fortable, and months till you stop reach- glance how close you are to overflowing thing is, and you have to find your way ing for the manual. But if you're any working memory with your text. around by feel. kind of textsmith, then the investment is In what sense is this a performance In short, this kind of word processor worth it. Because nobody has yet figured feature? Well, neither WordStar nor presumes you know how to touch - out a better approach to managing a NewWord is bothered by such overflow, type -and if you believe that you can't broad variety of text, all the way from but you will be, if you are editing a learn to touch -type then this kind of text memos to novels to system program lengthy document on a floppy -based sys- editor probably is not for you. source files. tem. This is because search times sud- With NewWord and WordStar, when For years; WordStar has been the denly stretch out as pieces of the text get you hold the CONTROL key down, every "Big Daddy" of microcomputer text edi- "swapped" in and out of memory letter key has command meaning. Many tcrs. Now, NewWord is vying for that automatically. commands involve pairs of such `con- title. By monitoring the fullness gauge you trol characters," and a few involve three are encouraged to break your text into consecutive keystrikes. With typeahead, Conclusion separate files, each able to fit into work- seemingly independent separate multi - ing memory. And because NewWord inkey commands interact. In comparison with WordStar, New- corporates the equivalent of MailMerge Both NewWord and WordStar pre- Word is lower -priced, offers more fea- right in the foundation product, printing sume that you have developed "muscle tures, is faster, and is better -supported. these individual files as a single docu- memory" for where these controls are Although somewhat tricky for a nov- ment becomes easy. and what they do. The choice of keys for ice to learn, NewWord offers significant these controls is not always logical and advantages to the already experienced Ease of Use hardly ever mnemonic. Instead, you user of WordStar, or to anyone who has have to keep at it until their locations been considering moving up to I thought that the documentation and functions become reflexive, Zen - WordStar. would make NewWord easier to learn like, requiring no conscious attention on If I had fewer ingrained WordStar than WordStar, but I'm not so sure. The your part. habits, then I would switch to NewWord NewWord approach assumes that you'll All this takes some getting used for both writing and programming. O

SAVE YOUR DATA from power "blackouts,"` WE'LL BACK YOU UP! "POWER "brownouts" or line "dips." PROTECT YOUR DATA from "transient vol- ATTENTION COMMODORE 64 OWNERS FAILURE tages, spikes and EMI /Rfl line noise." If you own a disk drive then you'll need ""The Clone PROBLEMS" UNE- SAVERtM stands -by to switch 240 Watts -VA Machine -. Take control of your 1541 drive. of power to your micro -computer. Its heavy NEW IMPROVED WITH duty internal sealed battery provides up to BLACKOUTS! 40 minutes of back -up power; more than enough UNGUARD.* to SAVE your data and shut down your system Package includes: BROWNOUTS! if line power does not return. 1.) Complete and thorough users DIPS! LINE -SAVERTM provides constant protection manual for your system from damaging voltage surges, 2.) Copy with one or two drives YOUR spikes and conducted line noise. 3.) Investigate and back -up many SOLUTION... LINE- SAVERTM constantly monitors the AC -PROTECTED- disks line and itself, with a unique visual and audible 4.) Copy all file types including three staged ANNUNCIATOR that provides relative types you at -a- glance status. 5.) Edit and view track/block in LINE -SAVERTM LINE -SAVERtM is compact in size and utilizes Hex or ASCII the latest PWM technology to make it compatible microcomputer system today. 6.) Display full contents of with virtually every

directory and print LINE -SAVERTM is low in cost . $485.00 7.) Change program names. add, Call or write today for free literature delete files with single AEGIS° ORDER TODAY Power Conditioning Out of State keystroke Toll Free Order Number Equipment 8.) Easy disk initialization 1- 800 -524 -0400 9.) Supports up to four drives In -State Order No. UNGUARD Now allows you to 215- 837 -0700 read, write and verify bad sectors and errors on your disk making it easy to back -up most "Dad should've made a CID protected software. back -up with the Clone Machine." VISA STANDBY za CALL (201) 838 -9027 6584 Ruch Rd., Dept.LCE $4995 UN INTER RUPTABLE DEALER E. OEM Bethlehem, PA 18017 INQUIRIES INVITED & 1342 B Rt. 23 POWER Dealers Distributors micro Add El for shipping 8 handling COD's odd SYSTEM 0.00 53.00 Inquiries Invited WI1rE Butler, N.J. 07405 PA Res. odd 6% soles too J Circle No. 34 on Free Information Card Circle No. 58 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com What Makes Junior Run? (Continued from page 58)

All three voltages are available at the capable of producing can be obtained Three dot -addressable graphics dis- external I/O connector. However, be- under total software control. The rele- play modes are also available: low reso- fore you decide to power external cir- vant PCjr BASIC statements are SOUND, lution (160 x 200), medium resolution cuits from the I/O connector, read what NOISE, and PLAY. SOUND is followed by (320 X 200), and high resolution (640 X the Technical Reference manual says on parameters that specify frequency, dura- 200). Any of 16 colors can be used in all page 2 -135: "The amount of power avail- tion, and volume. NOISE is followed by three modes. All 16 colors can be used in able on the I/O connector for a machine parameters that specify either periodic the low- and medium -resolution modes, that is fully configured with internal fea- or white noise, volume, and duration. while two or four colors can be used in tures is 400 mA of 5 V dc, 0 mA of PLAY is a powerful statement provided the high -resolution mode. +12Vdc and 0mAof- 6Vdc. "In in Cartridge BASIC for ordering the other words, unless your add -on circuit PCjr to play the tune specified by an ap- uses low -power CMOS ICs, you are lim- pended character string of musical ited to a maximum of several TTL chips. notes. This character string can include The sound -effects lengths, pauses, tempo, volume, and oth- Sound and Color er parameters. capabilities will Apparently, Junior will not be limited keep creative Though PCjr is generally viewed as a to sound generated by its built -in hard- scaled -down version of the IBM PC, it ware. Pin B30 of its I/O expansion con- programmers busy has superior sound, graphics, and color nector is designated AUDIO IN. for hours at a time capabilities. You can verify this for your- PCjr's sound -effects capabilities will self by spending a few minutes with the keep creative programmers busy for "Exploring the IBM PCjr" demonstra- hours at a time. True, creating impres- tion diskette that accompanies the com- sive- sounding effects will require careful Since its entire 128K of RAM can be puter's Guide To Operations. What fol- planning and lots of trial and error. But used to store image pages, Junior can be lows is intended merely to whet your as a hardware guy who has spent many operated as a dedicated graphics ma- appetite. You will have to refer to the hours building single- function sound -ef- chine. This permits development of machine's documentation for complete fects circuits, I assure you that the key- "slide shows," animation, and instant explanations. board control provided by PCjr is im- help, menu, and instruction screens. measurably faster and infinitely superior to making uncertain changes in a hard- Hardware Accessories ware circuit. Cordless keyboard Junior's color graphics are at least as In addition to the internal disk drive is among its most impressive as its sound effects. If you are and controller, modem, and 64K RAM a Radio Shack Color Computer fan, you board, IBM offers several extra -cost ex- innovative features will be happily surprised to find that ternal hardware accessories for the PCjr. many of the CoCo's graphics statements, Up to two joysticks, each selling for $40, plus a few new ones, are available with can be plugged into Junior's rear panel. Let's cover Junior's sound effects first. PCjr. A parallel printer port, for $99, plugs Like the PC, Junior includes a piezoelec- Unlike the PC's graphics system (ob- into the I/O expansion connector on the tric alerter that beeps under program tained with an expansion card you have right side of the system unit. IBM also control or when you do something to buy for $244), Junior is supplied with sells a high -resolution color monitor for wrong, like operating the keyboard built -in video graphics capabilities. Fur- $680 and a variety of impact and when too little infrared energy is striking thermore, the circuitry contained on the nonimpact dot -matrix printers. the receiver. Junior also includes a Texas PC graphics card has been reduced in Thanks to Junior's numerous connec- Instruments SN76496N complex sound the Junior to a Motorola 6845 CRT con- tors and its thorough technical docu- generator (CSG) chip. The sounds this troller chip, LSI5220 video gate array, mentation, IBM has guaranteed the chip produces are channeled under pro- 2K character -generator ROM, and a few computer's attractiveness to outside gram control to an audio connector on associated chips. hardware vendors. Therefore, you can the back of the system unit. The character -generator ROM stores expect to see many additional hardware The CSG chip generates up to three 256 characters and symbols in a 7 X 7 accessories in the near future. separate frequencies, which can be pixel (plus one line descender) format. In mixed to produce chords. The chip also addition to the standard 96- character Should You Take One Home? includes a white -noise generator whose ASCII set, the characters include sym- output can be amplitude modulated and bols for games (16), word -processing If you want IBM compatibility and blended with that of the tone generators. (15), and business -graphics (48). Also ample hardware accessibility, and can By careful selection and mixing of the included are 16 Greek symbols, 48 for- afford its price, you should give serious outputs from these four generators, an eign- language characters, and 15 scien- consideration to buying the IBM PCjr. incredible variety of sounds can be pro- tific- notation symbols. However, if you are more interested in a duced. The sound possibilities include Junior can display either 25 40 -char- hassle -free computer with highly ap- organs, gunshots, explosions, trains, acter lines (for low- resolution video proachable, almost intuitive software, race cars, sirens, whistles, and virtually monitors and television sets) or 25 80- have a look at Apple's Macintosh. any of the ear -benders emitted by full - character lines (for high -resolution mon- Finally, don't feel left out if the PCjr is size video arcade games. itors). Sixteen foreground and back- beyond your means. The BASIC used in The beauty of including an ground colors are available for each Radio Shack's Color Computer provides SN76496N in the PCjr is that almost any character, as is single- character a highly effective subset of PCjr's imaginable sound sequence the chip is blinking. BASIC. O

98 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com DON'T BLAME THE THE INFRARED CONNECTION SOFTWARE! 17ur Isolators eliminate equipment HOUGH PCjr's keyboard has Up to 16 key closures can be stored in interaction, clean up interference, drawn a lot of justifiable criti- the Junior's keyboard buffer. When no curb damaging power line spikes T cism, its cordless operating mode keys are pressed and when the buffer is and is among the computer's most innova- empty, the microprocessor again enters lightning tive features. Not everyone agrees with its low -power standby mode. bursts. this assessment. In fact, some writers When the optional cable is used, the have labeled the infrared link a useless infrared transmitter in the keyboard is gimmick. disabled and battery power is removed. True, it is necessary to keep books and In addition, the system unit's infrared other objects from blocking the system receiver is disabled, thus permitting op- unit's receive aperture. The keyboard's eration without the fear of interference signal cannot always reach the computer from nearby infrared keyboards. when you operate the keyboard from The scan codes sent by the keyboard ISO -1 ISOLATOR your lap. And interference in the form of are not in standard ASCII format. In- 3 isolated sockets; quality spike undesirable keystroke crosstalk can oc- stead, they are compatible with scan suppression; basic protection.. $81.95 cur between nearby PCjrs. But IBM has codes for the IBM PC and PC -XT at the ISO-3 SUPER -ISOLATOR foreseen these potential problems and BIOS interface level. All keys can oper- 3 dual isolated sockets; suppressor; offers an optional cable to obviate them. ate in a typematic mode by sending a commercial protection $122.95 The infrared link, though, provides a string of characters when the key is held ISO-17 new measure of operating convenience, down. When invalid combinations of MAGNUM ISOLATOR and the system unit's infrared receiver three or more keys are simultaneously 4 quad isolated sockets; suppressor; laboratory grade protection $213.95 provides an entirely wireless, optical pressed, the keyboard sends a hex 55 port for external peripherals. scan code that tells the computer to dis- regard all the invalid keys. rte. Electronic Specialists, Inc. How It Works The drawing below shows the serial 171 S. Main. Natick, MA 01760 (617) 655.1532 data format transmitted by the key- Toll Free Orcer Desk 1 -800- 225 -4878 MasterCard, VISA, American Express There is little fundamental difference board. Each bit occupies one of two slots between Junior's keyboard in a 440- transmitter microsecond window. Note that Circle No. 51 on Free Information Card and an infrared remote controller for a the cable signal is a square pulse, while TV set. Both devices send an encoded the infrared signal is a 40 -kHz burst. Put Professional Knowledge and a train of pulses to a photodetector diode If inadequate signal amplitude from that transforms the optical energy in the the keyboard arrives at the receiver, the COLLEGE DEGREE pulses into a photocurrent. The photo - computer beeps when any key is pressed. in your Electronics Career through current is amplified and sent to pulse - Otherwise, expect a transmission range shaping and detection circuitry. of at least 20 feet. Junior's transmitter consists of a pair Interference (and beeping) can be HOME of near -infrared emitting diodes that caused by bright fluorescent lamps. project invisible beams from apertures at However, a bright incandescent flash- STUDY the rear of the keyboard. The keyboard light pointed directly into the receiver has no power switch and is always in a port caused no problems, perhaps be- powered -down standby mode. When a cause Junior uses an ac- coupled photo - key is pressed, a CMOS version of Intel's diode that is linear to incident light over 8048 microprocessor scans the keyboard a several -decade range. In other words,

to locate the closed key. The micropro- the keyboard signal passes on through Earn Your ,, cessor then generates an appropriate while the dc light level is blocked. scan code which is sent to a pair of A13 DEGREE Darlington driver transistors. The tran- A Detective Story No commuting to class. Study at your sistors act as switches that forward -bias own pace, while you continue your the two infrared -emitting diodes with a For this report, I wanted very much to present job. Learn from Grantham carrier frequency of about 40 kHz. give the wavelength emitted by Junior's easy -to- understand lessons, with help Bit WUrtlows from your home -study instructors. B. in EC- 440 0s You can earn your S. Degree the Grantham electronics degree pro- Each bit in the gram, offered by independent home Cable Signal serial data format transmitted by the study and accredited by the NHSC !E--220w keyboard occupies Accrediting Commission. one of two slots Our free bulletin gives details. Write Infrared Signal 40 -kHz in a 440 -microsecond window. Carrier for Bulletin E-84. Grantham College of Engineering 2500 So. LaCienega Blvd. P. 0. Box 35499 June 1984 Los Angeles, California 90035

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Junior OG7 0® Ogc:-.0 íC1i keyboard. Alas, a call to Advanced In- put Devices, the company that manufac- tures the keyboard unit for IBM, elicited no such information. I was told that the information was proprietary and that oDD® IBM did not permit the release of any in- UL\ formation about it. Considering the vast quantity of infor- Now you can teach your children how to use youro PC without bogging mation about Junior's hardware in the them down in the user manual, ..without spending hours demonstrating Technical Reference manual, I was sur- the simplest functions...and without fear that they'll break your PC prised by this response. But since the because they don't know how to use it properly. keyboard is the only circuit not provided You can do it with the PC edition of Computers for Kids-a BASIC in the manual, either IBM or its vendor learning text whose Sinclair, Apple, and Atari editions have already intro- must surely want to safeguard informa- duced thousands of children and parents to computers. tion about the keyboard unit. Computers for Kids teaches children age 8 and older to write their As for the wavelength of the infrared own programs in less than an hour - without the necessity for previous diodes, the only two reasonable possibili- knowledge of algebra, variables, or computers. And there's a special sec- ties are silicon- compensated gallium ar- tion that keeps parents and teachers on the same successful command senide (GaAs:Si) diodes that emit energy path. at about 950 nm (nanometers) and alu- Starting off with an easy -to- understand explanation of how to use minum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) di- the IBM PC, your kids will progress quickly to flow charts and simple odes that emit at 880 nm. print programs...to loops, graphics, and other programming concepts It was a simple matter to determine that show the young user how to make the PC do exactly what he which is used in the PCjr by connecting wants -in non -technical language that makes life easier for both of you. first a GaAs:Si diode and then an Take it from Donald T. Piele, Professor of Mathematics at the Univer- AlGaAs diode to the input of an audio sity of Wisconsin (Parkside): "Computers for Kids is the best book avail- amplifier. Since these diodes operate able for introducing children to the IBM PC. And it's a perfect tool for well as detectors of radiation emitted by adults who are learning about computers and programming with their identical diodes, I quickly determined children:' the answer to the wavelength question. So do your children a favor. Do yourself a favor. Order the PC The A1GaAs diode provided a very edition of Computers for Kids today! small signal when a key was pressed, but Here are just a few of the useful the GaAs:Si diode produced a very and exciting topics covered in strong signal. Computers for Kids: I am surprised that Junior's keyboard What is a computer? does not use 880 -nm emitters. They are Flowcharting at least twice as powerful and considera- Running the IBM PC bly faster than the 950 -nm emitters IBM Getting Ready to Program selected. In a future installment of "The PRINT and Variables Computer Scientist," I will explore this GOTO, INPUT and RND and other PCjr keyboard topics in more IF -THEN and FOR -NEXT detail, perhaps by trying 880 -nm emit- Graphics Programs ters in my Junior's keyboard. In the Sample Programs mean time, try the "Radar" program in Glossary of Statements and the listing. And have fun with your new Commands PCjr! O Notes for Teachers and Parents "RADAR " PROGRAM 1 10 CLS Creative Computing Press 20 SCREEN 1.COLOR 1 30 PRINT " RADAR" Dept. NDBB 39 East Hanover Avenue, Morris Plains, NJ 07950 40 PRINT "" 50 PRINT "COPYRIGHT 1984 BY FORREST M. MIMS, III" Send me Computers for Kids, PC edition, at $5.95 plus $1.50 postage 60 PRINT "" and handling each. #12K 70 PRINT "THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS PCjr INTO 80 PRINT AN INFRARED RADAR." PAYMENT ENCLOSED $ Residents of CA, NJ and NY State 90 PRINT "" 100 PRINT "FIRST, SECURE THE Z KEY IN THE" add applicable sales tax. Outside USA add $3.00 per order. 110 PRINT "DOWN POSITION WITH TAPE." 120 PRINT "" CHARGE MY: (Charge and phone order $10 minimum) 130 PRINT "THEN PLACE THE KEYBOARD ON TOP" 140 PRINT "OF THE CONSOLE SO THE BACK OF" American Express MasterCard Visa 150 PRINT "THE KEYBOARD FACES THE SAME DIRECTION" 160 PRINT "AS THE FRONT OF THE CONSOLE." Card No Fxp Date 170 PRINT "" 190 PRINT "PCjr WILL NOW BEEP TO INDICATE" 200 PRINT "THE PRESENCE OF AN OBJECT" Signature 210 PRINT "UP TO SEVERAL FEET AWAY." 220 PRINT "" 230 PRINT "PRESS ANY KEY TO BEGIN." Mr. /Mrs /Ms 240 IF INKEY$ = "" THEN 240 (please print full name) 250 A$= INKEY$ Address 260 IF A$ = "Z" or A$ = "z" THEN BEEP Apt 270 IF A$ = "Z" or AS = "z" THEN PRINT "OBJECT DETECTEDI" 280 IF A$= "" THEN PRINT "ALL CLEAR." City /State /Zip 290 GOTO 250 300 END Send me a FREE Creative Computing Catalog.

100 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Ir Kar 1r I

IBM Software (Continued from page 62)

software around that is the equal of PCjr, you should not assume that all are Bumble and HomeWord. high -quality. It appears that IBM's main goal was to put products on dealer's Conclusions shelves, regardless of their worth. So for CONVERTERS these and any other PCjr software prod- Although IBM has put its imprimatur ucts, it's a worthwhile practice to "try Largest Selection on certain software products for the before you buy." of Equipment Available $ Buy Warehouse Direct & Save $ Computer Security (Continued from page 70) There are some very real dangers in- lems are not so much those of data integ- 36 channel volved in uploading, most of which are rity as of proper use. Once corporate (or converter functions of intermediate management other) data is passed to micros at the lo- 410 $4595 layers in an organization. For example, a cal level, someone must be responsible branch sales manager in St. Louis may for the appropriate safeguarding and dis- send his sales forecast to his regional tribution of that information. A good 36 channel manager in Chicago. The regional man- maxim to keep in mind is "safeguard in- wired remote ager may feel the forecast is too conser- formation according to its value, not its converter vative, and change it. He then transmits location." only the revised forecast to corporate $8895 headquarters. Concerns for Small Business IMMIX The corporate data -processing group Send $2 for complete catalog melds all the forecasts received from all Where a small business depends on a converters and equipment the regional managers into one corpo- microcomputer for its livelihood, care of rate figure. This figure (and all those de- must be taken to guard against the loss of Quantity Discounts Visa Master Charge Add 507o shipping -Mich. residents add Pro sales tar rived from it) is then circulated to all di- data. Computers and blank disks can be visions. Obviously, the information that easily replaced; replacing lost data is flows from headquarters is not accurate much more difficult. Adequate backup C &D Electronics, Inc. because of the changes made in Chicago is perhaps the most critical issue facing a P.O. Box 21, Jenison, MI 49428 by the regional manager. Unfortunately, small business. (616) 669-2440 technology has not yet found a way to With the usually hectic day-to -day detect and correct this sort of innovative pace of a small business, it is sometimes bookkeeping. difficult to find the time needed to per- CALCULATOR SAVINGS Line management is responsible for form essential backup operations. It is policy, and it would be up to the national up to the owner or company president to HEWLETT CbP] PACKARD sales manager in this example to indicate ensure that the backup procedure is rou- ma1ta1omrlmrtm1P HP-11C Programmable _574.99 Fz111a ta rit ltl I s, to his regional managers that forecasts tinely performed H'' -12C Financial 99.99 on a daily or weekly ba- oiCJ[5{G7Gl n t7rnIPr!f! HP -15C Programmable 99.99 i (and other such matters) to be sis, is -16C Hexadecimal 99.99 Y are not as required. It also a good idea to HP r-,11 HP-41C Alpha Progrmb . 149.99 tampered with. Where input is critical, keep a set of duplicate software and data IA -41CV Full Memory 208.99 82160A HP -IL Module .. 594.99 some type of validation is HP -41CX Extnd Functn 259.99 82161A Cassette Drive . 347.99 necessary. off premises, ideally in a secure and fire- &'104A Card Reader 14999 82162A HP -IL Printer .. 347.99 Whether this is accomplished through proof location. 82143A Printer 299.99 82 MA RS-232 !cleric . 249.99 Ir153A Wand 99.99 92 98A 80 col Video Int 26999 an editing piece of software, or off-line While it may not be necessary to plan HP -716 Computer 41999 74 OA HP -IL Plotter.... 89999 e400A Card Reader Call 82180A Extnd Functns .. 59.99 by responsible management, depends on for every contingency, the staff should 92401A HP -IL Interface 107.99 82181A Extnd Memory .. 5999 824205 4K Mem for 41B . 59.99 82182A Time Module ... 59.99 the nature of the individual company know which records are most important, 718 Application Pacs from 64.98 82 83A Extnd I/O 5999 HP -75C Computer 739.99 HP-41 System Case .... 4999 and the facts at hand. Regardless, man- and plans should be made to remove 821005 8K Mem for 75C 14999 Po t -X- Tender to 10 pts 129.99 agers should check on the audit trail of these first in the event of an emergency. Call for Low Mien on all Accenorlu and Software

any information sent through multiple It is a good idea to have a contingency TI CC-40 Compact 6K Expandable Computer .. $199.99 layers CC-40 Solid State Software . from 4999 or locations within an plan for removing disks and other mag- TI -55-II Scientific Calculator w/ Statistics 34.99 organization. netic media to safety in fire, LCD Programmer Hexadecimal Convertor 59.99 the event of BA -55 Advanced Handheld Financial 49.99 Care must be taken to develop two flood, or other disaster. TI -5310 Desk Printing Financial 109.99

parallel and independent audit trails. And, while it is not absolutely neces- Sharp EL -7050 Graphwriter 69.99 EL -7100 Memowriter 59.99 One should be the traditional type, sary, it is useful to know where equip- PC -1500 Advanced Handheld Computer 139.99 where PC -1500A Advanced 8K Handheld Computer 179.99 debits equal credits, or batch to- ment can be found to process the CE -150 Cassette lntrtc /4 -color Printer Plotter 179.99 tals check, or entry counts equal the business's records in the event of a prob- CE -151 4K Memory for 1500/A 39.99 'CE -155 8K Memory Expansion Box for 1500 /A 79.99 number of documents, etc. lem with its own computer system. CE -158 RS-232C 6 Parallel Interface for 1500 /A 179.99 CE -159 81( Memory Expan with Battery Back -up 99.99 The other audit trail should be Another important factor for small CE -161 16K Memory Expan with Battery Back -up 149.99 PC- 1500 ROM Software Modules 49.99' through data -processing. Somewhat businesses is to make sure that more /A CUM EX -700P Handheld Computer.1568 steps '69.99 akin to a chain of possession of evidence, than one person knows how to operate FA -3 Cassette Adapter for FX -700P 34.99 FP -12 20- column printer for FX -700P 59.99 it should record any changes to data and its computer system. A backup operator FX -98 Credit card Solar Scientific Calculator 24.99 can include such items as new entries, is a is FX-450 Scientific Calculator with Hexadecimal - 29.99 not luxury-it a necessity. It is also FX -191 Scientific Scaler 44.99 and total changes. A new tally should be a wise idea for one or more of the owners PF-8000 Data Bank 64.99 SL-800 Film Card 71.99 generated any time a file is read or writ- or officers to understand the workings of U,Caaxur'x chock. postal money oren, VISA, or MIC. Prsnl checks lake tow waaks ten. This not only facilitates any data - this company's system. Checks and bal- incaar. Addssppexl r %ol your order p195mmimuml Esslol Misap Ryostra R. Se CA res 404 6% Subi Cr to availabrHy USA Ames processing auditing, but can also serve to ances are important even in small com- ORDER 800- 421 -5188 ouraldd TOLL -FREE memo, CA. AK. HI validate the authenticity of records. panies. Technology cannot take the Ilea 12131 8333262 Tam's Inc, Dept CE -4 In the case of downloading, the prob- place of common-sense management. O 14932 Garfield Ave. Paramount. CA 90723 ta rwó (213) 633 -3262 June 1984 Circle No. 42 on Free Information Card www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Apple Ilc (Continued from page 53)

They also gave the IIc a new paint job, with paper fed from underneath the ma- er, it was necessary to drill holes in the choosing an off -white color which they chine. Plain paper can be used and the printed circuit board of the IIc. (The IIc call "Apple Fog." paper tray holds up to 100 sheets. employs one main pc board.) But Apple Apple is also introducing a printer The IIc has an array of ports to which says it has the heat problem under con- which will be compatible with the IIc. It peripheral devices can be connected. trol and claims that the IIc will operate is called the Scribe and will cost under The back of the IIc has seven ports and a at a relatively cool 12° over ambient $300. The Scribe is a serial interface, dot - main power switch. The ports are: a S- room temperature while dissipating matrix printer with full graphics capa- pin D-type connector for hand controls about 30 watts. bility. Its ribbon will print 35 pages be- or a mouse; a 5 -pin DIN connector for a Apple estimates the following costs fore needing to be replaced and it will modem; a 15 -pin D -type connector for for IIc peripherals: a flat LCD panel, un- print in four colors. video expansion; an RCA -type jack for a der $600; a 9" green phosphor monitor The Scribe is a unidirectional ma- video monitor; a 19 -pin D -type connec- with stand, under $250; an external chine with a printing speed of 20 to 25 tor for a second disk drive; a second S- drive, under $400; the Scribe thermal lines per minute. There is no ventilation pin DIN connector for serial input and transfer dot -matrix printer, under $300; blower in the Scribe and the less than 50- output for a printer or plotter; and a 7- a mouse, under $100; and carrying case, dB noise it generates when printing is pin DIN connector for 15 -volt power under $40. hardly noticeable even in a quiet office. input. To summaraize, the Apple IIc is a

The printer has a 96 ASCII character The engineers at Apple were particu- . powerful, sleek machine that offers com- set with 25 European characters avail- larly concerned about heat problems pact versatility. With the promised -by- able. The character pitch can be set at ei- with the IIc. A disk jacket begins to melt fall battery pack and LCD, the IIc ther 10 cpi for text or 17 cpi for draft ma- at about 52° C (125° F), Apple said, and should command a large share of the terial. The Scribe sits on a plastic shelf with the internal disk drive and no blow- transportable market.

FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF THE IIC BY JOE DESPOSITO

IM a hard -core Apple user. I've got a open it up and install printer and disk - ed half-height drive is very convenient. II + at home, a He in the office and drive interface cards into slots one and The drive uses spring pressure to aid in have borrowed my brother's Macin- six. My first test of the machine was com- closing the latch and ejecting the disk. tosh while he's off on a business trip. So patibility. Would I be able to use The problem is that the spring was a bit when I heard that we were getting an AppleWriter IIe as well as other pro- stiff on this early production model, but early production model IIc in the office, grams in my library of II + and IIe soft- Apple will probably work this out. If you I was delighted. But my initial reaction ware? Could I squeeze in a game of want to upgrade to a dual -drive system, to Apple's latest product was that it was "Hard -Hat Mack" during lunch time? the second drive will have to be an out- not what I was expecting. The answer is yes. Of the programs I board one. (There's a connector at the To begin with, although you can con- tried, the only one that shows any incom- rear of the unit for a second drive.) veniently tote the 7.5 -lb unit around by patibility at all is AppleWriter IIe, and it The IIc has something that no other its handle, the IIc has neither battery is minimal. The status line along the top II- series product has -built -in serial power nor a built -in display. Happily, breaks up slightly, and occasionally the (two) and RGB outputs. However, none both options will be available later this cursor changes from a block to an apple uses a standard connector, so be pre- year. Another surprise was that, like the or bell. I had no problem writing and pared to buy special cables for whatever IBM PCjr, the IIc has an outboard pow- editing, however or saving to disk. I did you plan to do. You'll need a cable for er supply about the size of a pound of not hook a printer up to the IIc because it printing, another for communications, butter. uses a nonstandard interface (which I and one for connecting to an RBG moni- After a few minutes with the IIc, I un- didn't have): but I took the disk from the tor. A composite video output is also derstood Apple's approach. Here is a IIc, popped it into the IIe and printed out available with a standard RCA connec- computer that you can buy at your local files without any problems. tor. The IIc lacks a parallel output, computer store (or even at a mass-mar- The keyboard is not like those found which means that your printer must ac- ket store), take home, and have up and on other Apple Computers, but it is fine cept serial input. running as fast as you can plug in a cable for typing. If you press very hard on the There is no applications software bun- and power core and insert a disk into the keys, two things happen: the letter re- dled with the IIc. However, the unit drive. What a novelty! Last year, when I peats and the keyboard gives about one - comes with six tutorial disks that should attached drives to my brand new IIe, I sixteenth of an inch. Although this is dis- help the novice become accustomed to wondered how people without any me- tressing to see, it doesn't appear to hava the machine rather quickly. chanical aptitude were going to deal serious implications as far as normal typ- After coming to terms with the IIc, I with the clamps that attach to the rear of ing is concerned. think I understand what Apple is trying the computer. I guess other people were Though the IIc can be used with any to accomplish with it. Here is a comput- wondering, too, and have done some- monitor, there is a contoured 9" diago- er that includes as standard the features thing about it. nal monitor made for it. The monitor sits that most people want. It's ready to go So between my initial surprise and on an angled stand rather than on the right out of the package and should at- subsequent reappraisal, I think I can give computer itself. tract many new users. It is a good strate- a fair description of what it's like to use The IIc has one built -in, single- sided, gy and it will be interesting to see how it an Apple II computer without having to single- density disk drive. The side- locat- works for Apple. * O

102 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Local Area Network (Continued from page 78)

network or shut down, it can't acknowl- wires, or the LAN, at its original fre- modulation (AM), frequency modula- edge receipt of the token. This becomes quency. This is a baseband network. tion (FM), frequency shift keying apparent to node 19 when the 78- micro- The second type of LAN is the broad- (FSK), and many others. With televi- second timing period expires. Node 19 band network. Broadband can best be sion, the carrier is modulated with pic- now takes charge of the token and incre- compared to cable TV. For each pro- ture and sound information. In a broad- ments the destination address by one, to gram there is a separate channel. band LAN, the carrier is modulated by 54. And the token is given to node 54. Let's say that computer A wants to digital pulses. Failure of station 54 to respond to the to- talk to computer B. It can do so by estab- In most broadband networks, chan- ken forces node 19 to increase the desti- lishing contact on, for example channel nels are assigned specific duties. Let's nation code to 55. 2. Now if computers C and D also wish take WangNet, for example. Wang uses This process continues until, finally, a to talk, they can do so by placing their a 390 -MHz -wide communications band node is found that can accept the token conversation on channel 3. In other extending from 10 MHz to 400 MHz. and acknowledge its presence. This new words, both conversations can go on at The bandwidth is divided up into seg- address is permanently installed in sta- the same time over the same cable, much ments, as illustrated in Fig. 3. tion 19, and each time it receives the to- like television signals travel through Each segment is a LAN channel, and ken thereafter, it forwards it to the new CATV. each channel has a particular function to address. This is achieved by a technique called perform. The utility band, for instance, Should station 53 come back on line, it frequency multiplexing. What that is reserved for video communications can regain token status by scrambling means is that every channel is assigned a such as teleconferencing. The Wang the network with a reconfiguration base frequency called a carrier. The car- band serves Wang business computers. burst. rier is a radio frequency many times The band of interest to most of us, greater than the frequency of the signal though, is the Professional Computer Arcnet Specifications we wish to pass through the channel, Service band. It uses a 15 -MHz segment and each channel has its own specific fre- of the 390 -MHz WangNet frequency Unlike Ethernet, Arcnet is a some- quency, which is different from all other spectrum, beginning at 29 MHz and ex- what looser network in some respects. channels. tending to 44 MHz. Within this band are That is, not all parameters and compo- To talk on channel, the carrier is mod- five individual channels each 3MHz nents are so strictly defined or enforced. ulated. Several modulating techniques wide. Wang has designated these chan- This was done intentionally, to allow us- are in common use, most of them proba- nels as its personal computer communi- ers some flexibility. bly familiar to you. There are amplitude cation channels. Each channel can be First of all, no network medium is specified. In an Ethernet network, you must use Ethernet -grade coaxial - cable -and nothing else. Although most Arcnet vendors also use coax, they aren't compelled to. With Arcnet you DATA RATES can use coax, pairs of wires or even fiber optics! Any workable medium is THE unfortunate part of compar- Hard -disk files, network bridges, vid- acceptable. ing LANs is that we must often eo displays, and the CPUs themselves all This freedom not only allows you to use statistical guidelines that impose restrictions that further limit construct a network to meet specific have little to do with network perfor- network speed. A 1 -MHz LAN is just as needs, but it also enables you to make mance. So the reader is advised to take fast as a 10-MHz LAN when your data use of an existing wiring system. Which, more than a casual look at the numbers rates are ultimately governed by a 100 - of course, can translate into dollars in the buyer's guide on page 76. kilobaud file server. saved. Network efficiency vs. data rates is a Furthermore, even the above precau- Another case in point is the Arcnet good example of this possible misinter- tion isn't enough. Even when networks protocol. Although Arcnet does provide pretation. An examination of the buyer's are seemingly comparable, there are framing guidelines, the user is not forced guide reveals that Ethernet, with a listed marked differences in performance. into using them religiously. Changes can 10 -MHz data rate, is four times faster These differences are created by soft- be made, 'provided you maintain Arc - than its competitor, Arcnet. Does this ware overhead. Let's face it, not every net's opening statement for the begin- mean that Ethernet is four times better program is a gem, and in the infant ning of a frame. Davong, for one, had than Arcnet. Hardly so. world of local area networks, there's a opted to change its packet protocol to Data rates express the maximum rate considerable amount of difference in the transportable Xerox Network Sys- that a network can throughput data. program execution speeds, which direct- tem's XNS. While the data rate is a nice number, it ly affects network performance. has little to do with the real world of If you take PCnet, for example, and Broadband Networks networking. The actual data rate is con- challenge it to a benchmark test with an trolled by your system. Omninet network, you will soon discov- Local area networks, as a whole, fall For instance, it is impossible to take er that, even though the advertised data into two distinct catagories. Most net- full advantage of Ethernet's speed when rates of both are identical, Omninet is works are of the baseband design. In feeding data to a 19,200 -baud printer. able to perform the test faster. This baseband, the digital signal is placed di- Even with a printer spooler, the mechan- doesn't make PCnet bad, just different. rectly onto the network wires. The same ical nature of the printer slows things As networking matures, and stricter thing happens when you connect your down. Modems, with their 300- to -1200- standards are implemented, you will stereo system to a speaker through a pair baud rates, are another source of find data rate figures will be more mean- of wires. The signal travels through the congestion. ingfully presented than they are today. O

June 1984 103

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Local Area Network

used for a local area network capable of supporting up to 255 nodes. WangNet Protocol A NOTE TO PC USERS Broadband networking channels are faced with the same network contention HERE is a special message for us- sion within the machine. problems plaguing baseband networks. ers of the IBM PC and IBM PC Also be forewarned, that some In others words, who has use of the compatibles. networking implementations will not network-or channel in our case -and Not all the LANs listed in the chart on work with all IBM PC compatibles. This for how long? page 76 that claim to operate with IBM is particularly true when the networking For its Professional Computer Ser- PCs and IBM XTs can do so. It is often program makes calls to IBM's BIOS vice, Wang has adopted the Arcnet to- the case that you will have to remove ex- (Basic Input/Output System) ROM ken- passing protocol. It works the same pansion boards, such as serial interface chip. This chip is proprietary, and not way, with each node on the network boards you already have in service. Not available in compatible models (al- (channel) given a chance at the LAN because you need the expansion slot for though in some instance most of the when the token is passed to it. Even the the network, but because certain inter- BIOS chip functions may be emulated by 2.5 -MHz data rate and framing proto- rupt functions overlap, creating confu- the system software). cols have been maintained intact. The only difference is that the 2.5 -MHz Arcnet signal is multiplexed onto a carrier frequency. convertible. Ungermann -Bass' Net/ Another common technique, which Wang could just as easily have opted One, for example, provides protocols for eliminates the hassle of having to install for a different protocol, though. In fact, both an Ethernet baseband LAN and a dual coaxial cables and permits the use it uses a CSMA /CD protocol for its frequency -multiplexed broadband of a single one, is to divide the transmit Wang band. LAN. and receive functions into two widely Some broadband networks are even separated bands. Let's examine Local - Network Turnaround Net 20, by Sytek. It is such a network. The LocalNet 20 uses two 36 -MHz- Although a broadband network can widebands for its transmit and receive anazInc support more than one LAN at a time functions. The frequencies from 70 MHz DEVICES through channel separation, it doesn't to 106 MHz are used to transmit infor- PERSONAL DEFENSE AND PROPERTY PROTECTION come without a problem. The problem is mation. All nodes feed the coax at these UTILIZE SPACE AGE TECHNOLOGY. CAUTION THESE DEVICES CAN BE HAZARDOUS AND MAY SOON crosstalk. frequencies when talking, and all data on BE ILLEGAL When piping radio frequencies all channels flows in one direction POCKET PAIN FIELD GENERATOR - IPG50 Assembled $59.50 through a coaxial cable, it is desirable to through the cable. IPG5 Plans $7.00IPG5K Kit/Plans $39.50 PHASOR PAIN FIELD CROWD CONTROLLER -PPF10 have all the signals flow in the same di- At the end of the cable is a frequency Assembled . $250.00 rection. If you take a length of coax and converter. It takes the incoming trans- PPF1. Plans $15.00 PPF1K...Kit/Plans_..$175.00 BLASTER- Provides a plasma discharge capable of puncturing inject a signal into each open end, a pre- mitted frequencies and converts them a can. BLS10...... Assembled $79.50 dictable phenomonen occurs. Where the into higher frequencies. The new fre- BLS1. Plans .. $10.00 BLS1K Kit/Plans _$59.50 two signals meet, an interference pattern quencies occupy the 226 -to- 262 -MHz SHOCKER/PARALYZING DEVICE - Very intimidating and effective. is set up, not unlike the merging ripples portion of the radio spectrum. This new SHG60 _ Assembled.... $99.50 SHG6 Plans $10.00 SHG6 Kit/Plans $79.50 you see when two stones are cast into a 36- MHz -wideband is retransmitted over RUBY LASER RAY GUN - Intense visible red beam burns and pond of water. the network cable in the opposite welds hardest of metals. MAY BE HAZARDOUS. RUB3All Parts Available for Completing Device$15.00 The waves interact with each other, direction. CARBON DIOXIDE BURNING, CUTTING LASER - Pro- resulting in a distortion of the original The receivers in the LAN are tuned to duces a continuous beam of high energy. MAY BE HAZARDOUS. LC5..All Parts Available for Completing Device. .$15.00 signal, including harmonic overtones. this band, and all nodes intercept their VISIBLE LASER LIGHT GUN - produces intense red beam for sighting, spotting, etc. Hand held complete. This is totally unacceptable for a messages on these frequencies. Conse- LGU3. Plans..$10.00 (Kit 8 Assembled Units Available) digital -or any other-communications quently, a memo sent by you on the 70- IR PULSED LASER RIFLE - Produces 15-30 watt infra -red pulses at 200 -2000 per sec. link. MHz channel is converted and returned LRG3 All Parts & Diodes Available $10.00 If, however, waves in 226 BEGINNERS LOW POWER VISIBLE LASER - Choice of the are traveling to you at MHz. These two frequen- red, yellow, green - provides an excellent source of monochromatic the same direction, they have no oppor- cies are spaced far enough apart that the light. I LHC2 Plans $5.00 LHC2K Kit .. ...$29.50 tunity to mix. This can be demonstrated little bit of interference they generate is SNOOPER PHONE - Allows user to call his premises and listen by throwing two stones into the same not significant enough to disturb the net- in without phone ever ringing. SNP20 Assembled $89.50 pond at the same spot. work. Figure 4 illustrates the concept SNP2 .. Plans ...... $9.00 SNP2K. Plans/Kit... $59.50 very LONG RANGE WIRELESS MIKE - Miniature device clearly To avoid signal mixing, broadband well. transmits well over one mile. Super sensitive, powerful. LANs force unidirectional data flow by MFT1 Plans_.. _ $7.00 MFT1K Plans/Kit. _$39.50 WIRELESS TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER - Transmits both dividing the node into distinct transmit Epilogue sides of phone conversation over one mile, shuts off automatically. VWPM5 Plans $8.00 VWPM5K...Plans/Kit...$34.50 and receive ports. Through the transmit TALK & TELL AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE RECORDING port it is possible only to talk, but not to Local area networks have made quite DEVICE - Great for monitoring telephone use TAT2o Assembled $24.50 listen. Likewise, the receiver port has no an impact on the computer community, TAT2 Plans $5.00 TAT2K Plans/Kit... .$14.50 voice. and will become even more prevelant. IOur phone is open for orders anytime. Technicians are available 9-11 a.m., Mon -Thurs for those needing assistance or information. Send Broadband networks achieve this di- Not only have they reduced the drudg- for free catalog of hundreds more similar devices. Send check, cash. MO, Visa, MC. COD to: INFORMATION UNLIMITED vision in two different ways. WangNet ery commonly associated with working DEPT Q1. P 0 Box 716. Amherst. N H 03031 Tel 601673 -4730 uses two separate cables for its LAN. with computers, they have made them One is outgoing, the other is incoming. more efficient, as well.

104 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Computer Scientist (Continued from page 24)

ter. sc, the HPGL. scale command, es- We'll find out how to use an inexpensive vides a concise summary of the most tablishes a scale that matches the joy- graphics tablet. Then we'll develop soft- common operating modes of major stick coordinates. sin selects pen I. PA ware for digitizing rough drawings commercial CAD systems. (The book moves the pen to the point specified by placed over the tablet so they can be may also be listed under the title Intro- the corrected joystick coordinates (H transferred by a plotter into publicat ion- duction to Computer- Aided Drafting.) and V). Finally, the plot relative (PR) quality images. Incidentally, if you enjoy hardware command specifies the relative coordi- In the meantime, if you would like to projects, stay tuned I plan to describe in nates that define the cursor's shape. know more about computer -aided draft- forthcoming columns several interesting Although not all computers have joy- ing, you might want to read Introduc- circuits that function independently but stick ports, most are equipped with tion to CAD by Donald D. Voisinet can be connected to a computer for a vi- cursor control keys. These keys can be (McGraw -Hill, 1983). This book, pro- sual display of various data O used to draw lines or position a shape anywhere on the monitor. For example, the next program converts Radio Shack's TRS -80 Model 100 notebook computer into a computerized Etch -A- Sketch. The Model 100 has a built -in RS -232 interface that works well with the HP -7470A plotter so long as a null modem is used (or switch the wires between pins 2 and 3 of one of the RS -232 connectors). The program includes several HPGL instructions that provide a hard copy of whatever is drawn on the Model 100's display. Here's the program: 05 'TRACE 10 CLS 15 COM ON: OPEN "COM:48

N2E "FOR OUTPUT AS 1 20 Y =32:X =120 30 PRINT #1, . . "SC0,239,0,63;" . ' !ru 40 PRINT #1, son a;r "SP1;PA "X,Y ";PD;" G a 'L/,.,

50 A$= INKEY$ I , ;- !Po ' 7\7 60 IF INKEY$=CHR$(28) ' *i" THEN 100 70 IF INKEY$=CHR$(29) 1984 Mail Order Catalog THEN 200 80 IF INKEY$=CHR$(30) THEN 300 Shop! 90 IF INKEY$=CHR$(31) The One Stop Electronic THEN 400 1- 95 GOTO 60 Call Toll FREE 800 -343 -0874 100 X= X +1:GOTO 1000 In the United States: 200 X= X- 1:GOTO 1000 Mail Orders Boston Seattle 300 Y= Y- 1:GOTO 1000 P.O. Box 8000 133 Flanders Road 13107 Northup Way 400 Y= Y +1:GOTO 1000 Westborough, Mass. Westborough, Mass. Bellevue, Wash. 1000 PSET (X,Y) 01581 01581 98004 1010 PRINT #1, (Mass) (617) 366-0500 (617) 366 -9684 (206) 881 -8191 "PA "X Y ";" 1020 GOTO 60 In Canada: If you like, you can condense this pro- Montréal Toronto Downsview gram by merging lines 100, 200, 300 and 5651 Rue Ferrier 14 Carlton Street 86 St. Regis Cr. N. 400 with, respectively, lines 60, 70, 80 Montréal, Québec Toronto, Ontario Downsview, Ontario and 90. Lines 15, 30, 40 and 1010 estab- H4P 1N1 M5B 1K5 M3J 1Y8 lish communications with the plotter (514) 731 -7441 (416) 977 -7692 (416) 630 -0400 and can be omitted if you haven't access Ottawa Calgary Vancouver to one. Use the plotter switch settings 1023 Merivale Road 3220 -5th Ave. N.E. 3070 Kingsway shown in Fig. 5. Ottawa, Ontario Bay 2 Vancouver, B.C. K1Z 6A6 Calgary, Alberta V5R 5,17 Going Further (613) 728 -7900 T2A 5N1 (403) 235 -5300 (604) 438-3321 I'll continue this discussion of com- write or circle puter -aided drafting in the next install- Visit your nearest Active store, call, ment of "The Computer Scientist." the Reader Service Card for your copy of Active's new catalog. CIRCLE NO. 50 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD June 1984 105

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com 64K200 $595 T 1 6 2KX8 STATIC $415 U64 NSMIC aùiKE 200 NS r r&RYSTALO STATIC RAMS EPROMS 32.768 khz 1.95 CM OS r2101 256 x 4 (450ns) 1.95 4000 .29 4528 1.19 1702 256 x 8 (lus) 4.50 1.0mhz 3.95 5101 256 x 4 (450ns) (cmos) 3.95 4001 .25 4531 .95 2708 1024 x 8 (450ns) 3.95 1.8432 3.95 2102-1 1024 x 1 (450ns) .89 4002 .25 4532 1.95 2758 1024 x 8 (450ns) (5v) 5.95 2.0 2.95 2102L-4 1024 x 1 (450ns) (LP) .99 4006 .89 4538 1.95 2716 2048 x 8 (450ns) (5v) 3.95 2.097152 2.95 2102L-2 1024 x 1 (250ns) (LP) 1.49 2.4576 2.95 4007 .29 4539 1.95 2716-1 2048 x 8 (35ons) (5v) 5.95 2111 256x4 (450ns) 2.49 3.2768 2.95 4008 .95 4541 2.64 TMS2516 2048 x 8 (450ns) (5v) 5.50 2112 256 x 4 (450ns) 2.99 3.579545 2.95 4009 .39 4543 1.19 1024 x 4 (450ns) TMS2716 2048 x 8 (450ns) 7.95 2114 8/9.95 4.0 2.95 4010 .45 4553 5.79 2114-25 1024 x 4 (250ns) 8/10.95 TMS2532 4096 x 8 (450ns) (5v) 5.95 5.0 2.95 4011 .25 4555 .95 2114L-4 1024 x 4 (450ns)(LP) 8/12.95 2732 4096 x 8 (450ns) (5v) 4.95 5.0688 2.95 4012 .25 4556 .95 2114L-3 1024 x 4 (300ns)(LP) 8/13.45 2732-250 4096 x 8 (250ns)(5v) 8.95 5.185 2.95 4013 .38 4581 1.95 2114L-2 1024 x 4 (200ns) (LP) 8/13.95 2732-200 4096 x 8 (200ns) (5v) 11.95 5.7143 2.95 4014 .79 4582 1.95 TC5514 1024 x 4 (650ns) (cmos) 2.49 2732A-4 4096 x 8 (450ns) (5v) (21vPGM) 6.95 6.0 2.95 4015 .39 4584 .75 TC5516 2048 x 8 (250ns) (cmos) 9.95 2732A 4096 x 8 (250ns) (5v) (21vPGM) 9.95 6.144 2.95 4096 x 1 (55ns) 4.95 4016 .39 4585 .75 2147 2732A-2 4096 x 8 (200ns) (5v) (21vPGM) 13.95 6.5536 2.95 TMS4044-4 4096 x 1 (450ns) 3.49 4017 .69 4702 12.95 2764 8192 s 8 (45ons) (5v) 6.95 8.0 2.95 TMS4044-3 4096 x 1 (300ns) 3.99 2.95 74C00 .35 2764-250 8192 x 8 (250ns) (5v) 7.95 10.0 4018 .79 TMS4044-2 4096 x 1 (200ns) 4.49 10.738635 2.95 2764-200 8192 x 8 (200ns) (5v) 19.95 4019 .39 74CO2 .35 MK4118 1024 x 8 (2500s) 9.95 14.31818 2.95 TMS2564 8192 x 8 (450ns) (5v) 14.95 4020 .75 74C04 .35 TMM2016-200 2048 x 8 (200ns) 4.15 15.0 2.95 4021 .79 74C08 .35 TMM2016-150 2048 x 8 (150ns) 4.95 MCM68764 8192 s 8 (450ns) (5v) (24 pin) 39.95 16.0 2.95 TMM2016-100 2048 s 8 (100ns) 6.15 MCM68766 8192 s 8 (35ons) (5v) (24 pin)(pwr dn.) 42.95 17.430 2.95 4022 .79 74C10 .35 HM6116-4 2048 x 8 (200ns) (cmos) 4.75 27128 16384 x 8 (300ns) (5v) 29.95 18.0 2.95 4023 .29 74C14 .59 HM6116-3 2048 x 8 (150ns) (cmos) 4.95 18.432 2.95 4024 .65 74C20 .35 ;v Single 5 Volt Supply 21vPGM Program at 21 Volt HM6116-2 2048 x 8 (120ns) (cmos) 8.95 20.0 2.95 4025 .29 74C30 .35 HM6116LP-4 2048 x 8 (200ns) (cmos)(LP) 5.95 22.1184 2.95 4026 1.65 74C32 .39 HM6116LP-3 2048 x 8 (150ns) (cmos)(LP) 6.95 2.954 '2.0 4027 .45 74C42 1.29 HM6116LP-2 2048 x 8 (120ns) (cmos)(LP) 10.95 *HIGH -TECH Z-6132 4096 x 8 (300ns) (Ostat) * * * * * * * 4028 .69 74C48 1.99 8192 x 8 (15Ons) (cmos) 49.95 74C73 HM6264 UARTS 4029 .79 .65 LP Low Power Ostat - Ouasi- Static 8K x 8 STATIC RAM r 4030 .39 74C74 .65 = HM6264 6.95 AY3-1014 14034 1.95 74C76 .80 Fast -150 ns +5V Supply AY5-1013 3.95 4035 .85 74C83 1.95 28 Pin -Compatible w/2764 EPROM AY3-1015 6.95 4040 74C85 1.95 DYNAMIC RAMS Low Power CMOS (TTL Compatible) PT1472 9.95 .75 TMS4027 4096 x 1 (250ns) 1.99 4041 .75 74C86 .39 200 mW Operation /.01 mW Standby (LP) TR1602 3.95 UPD411 4096 s 1 (300ns) 3.00 2350 9.95 4042 .69 74C89 4.50 MM5280 4096 x 1 (300ns) 3.00 HM6264P15 $39.95 HM6264LP15 $49.95 2651 8.95 4043 .85 74C90 1.19 x 1 1.95 MK4108 8192 (200ns) IM6402 7.95 4044 .79 74C93 1.75 MM5298 8192 x 1 (250ns) 1.85 SPOTLIGHT íM6403 8.95 4046 .85 74C95 .99 4116-300 16384 x 1 (300ns) 8/11.75 * * * * * * * I N S8250 10.95 4047 .95 74C107 .89 4116-250 16384 x 1 (250ns) 8/7.95 74C150 5.75 4116-200 16384 x 1 (200ns) 8/12.95 managed Inventory GENERATORS 4049 .35 1 * Computer 4116-150 16384 x (150ns) 8/14.95 BIT-RATE 4050 .35 74C151 2.25 16384 x 1 (120ns) 8/29.95 4116-120 virtually no NO orders! MC14411 11.95 4051 .79 74C154 3.25 2118 16384 x 1 (150ns) (5v) 4.95 - 1.75 BR1941 11.95 4053 .79 74C157 MK4332 32768 x 1 (200ns) 9.95 * Very competitive prices! 4702 12.95 4060 .89 74C160 1.19 4164-200 65536 x 1 (200ns) (5v) 5.95 COM5016 16.95 4066 .39 74C161 1.19 4164-150 65536 s 1 (150ns) (5v) 6.95 * Friendly staff! M C M6665 65536 x 1 (200ns) (5v) 8.95 COM8116 10.95 4068 .39 74C162 1.19 TMS4164-15 65536 e 1 (150ns) (5v) 8.95 * Fast service most orders M M 5307 10.95 4069 .29 74C163 1.19 - 4070 .35 74C164 1.39 5V single 5 volt supply FUNCTION shinned within 24 hours! MC4024 3.95 4071 .29 74C165 2.00 L M 566 1.49 4072 .29 74C173 .79 r 6500 8000 r 8200 Z-80 XR2206 3.75 4073 .29 74C174 1.19 6800 r 3.954 68000 49.95 1 MHZ 8035 5.95 8202 24.95 `038 4075 .29 74C175 1.19 4.95 2.5 Mhz 6800 2.95 6502 8039 5.95 8203 39.95 4076 .79 74C192 1.49 6.95 3.95 6802 7.95 6504 INS -8060 17.95 8205 3.50 Z80-CPU 74C193 1.49 8.95 4078 .29 6803 19.95 6505 INS -8073 49.95 8212 1.80 Z80-CTC 3.95 6507 9.95 MISC. 4081 .29 74C195 1.39 6808 13.90 8080 3.95 8214 3.85 Z80-DART 10.95 6520 4.35 UPD7201 29.95 4082 .29 74C200 5.75 6809E 14.95 8085 4.95 8216 1.75 Z80-13MA 14.95 6522 6.95 11.95 TMS99532 29.95 4085 .95 74C221 1.75 ,6809 11.95 8085A -2 8224 2.25 Z80-PIO 3.95 6532 9.95 8086 24.95 ULN2003 2.49 4086 .95 74C244 2.25 6810 2.95 8226 1.80 Z80-SIO/0 11.95 4.35 6545 22.50 8087 CALL 3242 7.95 4093 .49 74C373 2.45 6820 11.85 8228 3.49 11.95 6821 2.95 6551 8088 29.95 Z80-SIO/1 3341 4.95 74C374 2 MHZ 8237 19.95 4098 2.49 2.45 6828 14.95 8089 89.95 Z80-SI0/2 11.95 MC3470 4.95 6502A 6.95 8237-5 21.95 4099 1.95 74C901 .39 6840 12.95 9.95 8155 6.95 Z80-SIO/9 11.95 MC3480 9.00 6522A 8238 4.49 14409 12.95 74C902 .85 6843 34.95 11.95 8155 -2 7.95 11C90 13.95 6532A 4.45 4.0 Mhz 14410 12.95 74C903 .85 6844 25.95 6545A 27.95 8156 6.95 8243 95H90 7.95 10.95 4.49 14411 11.95 74C905 10.95 6845 14.95 6551A 11.95 8185 29.95 8250 Z80A-CPU 2513-001 UP 9.95 39.95 6847 11.95 3 MHZ 8185 -2 8251 4.49 Z80A-CTC 4.95 2513-002 LOW 9.95 14412 12.95 74C906 .95 6850 3.25 fi.6502B 9.954 8741 29.95 8253 6.95 Z80A-DART 9.95 14419 7.95 74C907 1.00 6852 5.75 8748 24.95 8253-5 7.95 Z80A-DMA 12.95 14433 14.95 74C908 2.00 7.95 8755 24.95 8255 4.49 6860 Z80A-PIO 4.49 4502 .95 74C909 2.75 6875 6.95 DISC 8255-5 5.25 CLOCK 74C910 6880 2.25 CONTROLLERS 8257 7.95 Z80A-SIO/0 12.95 4503 .65 9.95 CRT 12.95 CIRCUITS 4508 1.95 74C911 8.95 6883 22.95 1771 16.95 8257-5 8.95 Z80A-SIO/1 MM5314 4.95 24.95 6.90 12.95 4510 74C912 8.95 68047 24.95 1791 CONTROLLERS 8259 Z80A-S10/2 MM5369 3.95 .85 19.95 1793 26.95 8259-5 7.50' 68488 6845 14.95 Z80A-S10/9 12.95 MM5375 4.95 4511 .85 74C914 1.95 6800 1MHZ 1795 29.95 68B45 19.95 8271 79.95 4512 .85 74C915 1.19 49.95 8272 39.95 6.0 Mhz MM58167 12.95 68800 10.95' 1797 HD46505SP 15.95 4514 1.25 74C918 2.75 2791 54.95 8275 29.95 9.95 MM58174 11.95 68802 22.25 6847 11.95 Z80B-CPU 4515 1.79 74C920 17.95 2793 54.95 8279 8.95 Z80B-CTC 12.95 MSM5832 3.95 68809E 29.95 2795 59.95 MC1372 6.95 4516 1.55 74C921 15.95 8279-5 10.00 280B-PIO 12.95 68B09 29.95 2797 59.95 68047 24.95 8282 6.50 4518 .89 74C922 4.49 34.95 29.95 Z80B-DART 19.95 68810 6.95 6843 8275 8283 6.50 KEYBOARD-1 4519 .39 74C923 4.95 68821 6.95 8272 39.95 7220 99.95 8284 5.50 Z80B-S10/2 39.95 UPD765 39.95 4520 .79 74C925 5.95 68840 19.95 CRT5027 19.95 8286 6.50 CHIPS MB8876 29.95 ZILOG AY5 -2376 11.95 4522 1.25 74C926 7.95 68845 19.95 34.95 CRT5037 24.95 8287 6.50 MB8877 Z6132 34.95 AY5 -3600 11.95 4526 1.25 74C928 7.95 681350 5.95 1691 17.95 TMS9918A 39.95 8288 25.00 39.9 PRO 1.95 74C929 19.9 68800 2 MHZ. 2143 18.954 DP8350 49.954 .8289 49.91 .8671 J Y5.3600 11.E -527 VISIT OUR RETAIL STORE HOURS: M -W -F, 9 -5 T -Th., 9 -9 Sat. 10 -3 JDR Microdevices PLEASE USE YOUR CUSTOMER NUMBER WHEN ORDERING 95128 TERMS: Minimum order S10. For shipping and handling Include 1224 S. Bascom Avenue, San Jose, CA S2.50 for UPS Ground and $3.50 Mar UPS Alr. Orders over 1 Ib. and foreign orders may require additional shipping charges - please 800 -538 -5000 800 -662 -6279 (CA) contact our sales department for Ine amount. CA residents must Telex 171 -110 Include 6% sales tax, Bay Area and LA residents include 64,00. Prices (408) 995 -5430 subject to change without notice. We are not responsible for typographical errors. We reserve the right to limit quantities and to (S Copyright 1984 JDR Microdevices substitute manufacturer. All merchandise sub)ect to prior sale.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com 2114 8/5995 2119 8/$1Oes r r 74LS00 74S00 VOLTAGE 7400 741500 .24 7415173 .69 74500 .32 745132 1.24 745225 7.95 7400 .19 74123 .49 741501 .25 741.5174 .55 74502 .35 745133 .45 745240 2.20 REGULATORS 7401 .19 74125 .45 74503 745134 .50 745241 2.20 741502 .25 7415175 .55 .35 7805T .75 7905T .85 7402 .19 74126 .45 74504 .35 745135 .89 745244 2.20 741503 .25 7415181 2.15 78M05C .35 79081 .85 7403 .19 74132 .45 74S05 .35 74S138 85 745251 .95 741504 .24 7415189 8.95 78087 .75 79121 .85 7404 19 74136 .50 74508 .35 745139 .85 745253 .95 741505 .25 7415190 .89 7812T .75 7915T .85 7405 .25 74143 4.95 74S09 .40 745140 .55 745257 .95 741508 .28 7415191 .89 781ST .75 79241 .85 7406 29 74145 .60 74S10 .35 745151 .95 745258 .95 741509 .29 7415192 .79 78241 .75 74147 1.75 74S11 .35 745153 .95 745260 .79 7905K 1.49 7407 .29 741510 .25 7415193 .79 74515 .35 745157 .95 745273 2.45 7805K 1.39 7912K 1.49 7408 .24 74148 1.20 741511 .35 74LS194 .69 74S20 .35 745158 .95 745274 19.95 7812K 1.39 7915K 1.49 7409 .19 74150 1.35 741512 .35 741S195 .69 74$22 .35 745161 1.95 745275 19.95 7815K 1.39 7924K 1.49 7410 .19 74151 .55 741513 .45 7415196 .79 74S30 .35 745162 1.95 745280 1.95 7824K 1.39 7411 .25 74153 .55 79L05 .79 741514 .59 7415197 .79 74S32 .40 745163 1.95 745287 1.90 7413 .35 74154 1.25 78L05 .69 79L12 .79 741515 .35 74S37 .88 745168 3.95 745288 1.90 .49 .75 7415221 .89 78112 .69 79L15 .79 7414 74155 74538 .85 745169 3.95 745289 6.89 741520 .25 7415240 .95 78L15 .69 7416 .25 74157 .55 741521 .29 7415241 .99 74540 .35 745174 .95 745301 6.95 LM323K 4.95 7417 .25 74159 1.65 741522 .25 74LS242 .99 74551 .35 745175 .95 745373 2.45 78H05K 9.95 UA78S40 1.95 7420 .19 74160 .85 74L526 .29 74LS243 .99 74564 .40 745181 3.95 745374 2.45 78H12K 9.95 7421 .35 74161 .89 74565 .40 745182 2.95 745381 7.95 74LS27 .29 74LS244 1.29 C. T - TO-22C K TO-3 7425 .29 74163 .69 74S74 .50 745188 1.95 745387 1.95 74LS28 .35 7415245 1.49 L 74164 .85 74585 1.99 745189 6.95 745412 2.98 10-92 7427 .29 741530 .25 74LS247 .75 74S86 .50 745194 1.49 745471 4.95 7430 .19 74165 .85 741532 .29 74LS248 .99 745112 .50 745195 1.49 745472 4.95 7432 .29 74166 1.00 74LS33 .55 7415249 .99 745113 .50 745196 1.49 745474 4.95 SOUND CHIPS 7437 .29 74167 2.95 741537 .35 7415251 .59 745114 .55 745197 1.49 745482 15.25 76477 3.95 AY3-8910 12.95 7438 .29 74170 1.65 74L538 .35 7415253 .59 745124 2.75 745201 6.95 745570 2.95 76488 5.95 AY3-8912 12.95 7442 .49 74173 .75 74L540 .25 7415257 .59 745571 2.95 ,6489 8.95 MC3340 1.494 7445 .69 74174 .89 741542 .49 7415258 .59 7446 .69 74175 .89 741547 .75 7415259 2.75 7447 .69 74177 .75 741548 .75 7415260 .59 EPROM ERASERS 7448 .69 74181 2.25 741549 .75 7415266 .55 r BYPASS CAPS 7451 .23 74184 2.00 .01 OF 741551 .25 7415273 1.49 DISC 100/6.00 7473 .34 74185 2.00 741554 .29 7415275 3.35 .01 OF MONOLITHIC 100/12.00 PSPECTRONICS 7474 .33 74191 1.15 741 S55 .29 7415279 .49 .1 OF DISC 100/8.00 CORPORATION 7475 .45 74192 .79 74LS63 1.25 7415280 1.98 1 OF MONOLITHIC 100/15.00 Capacity 1r-tensity 7476 .35 74193 .79 741573 .39 7415283 .69 Timer Chip (uIy/Cm') 7482 .95 74194 .85 74LS74 .35 7415290 .89 PE-14 9 8,000 83.00 7483 .50 74195 .85 741575 .39 7415293 .89 INTERFACE PE-147 x 9 8,000 119.00 7485 .59 74197 .75 741576 .39 7415295 .99 8726 1.59 PE-24T 12 9,600 175.00 7486 .35 74198 1.35 741578 .49 7415298 .89 8728 1.89 PL-2657 30 9,600 255.00 7489 2.15 74221 1.35 74LS83 .60 7415299 1.75 8795 .89 PR-1257 25 '7.000 349.00 7490 .35 74246 1.35 741585 .69 7415323 3.50 8796 .89 e R-320T x 42 17,000 595.0 7492 .50 74247 1.25 74LS86 .39 7415324 1.75 8T97 .89 7493 .35 74259 2.25 741590 .55 7415352 1.29 8T98 .89 7495 .55 74273 1.95 741591 .89 7415353 1.29 DM8131 2.95 7497 2.75 74276 1.25 741592 .55 7415363 1.35 DP8304 2.29 DATA ACQUISITION 74100 1.75 74279 .75 74LS93 .55 7415364 1.95 DS8833 2.25 MasterCard ADC0800 15.55 DACe808 2.95 74107 .30 74366 .65 74LS95 .75 74LS365 .49 DS8835 1.99 ADC0804 3.49 DAC 020 8.25 74109 .45 74367 .65 741_596 .89 7415366 .49 DS8836 .99 ADC0809 4.49 DAC 022 5.95 74116 1.55 74368 .65 7415107 .39 7415367 .45 1 -J 74121 .29 74393 1.35 DS8837 1.65 ADC0817 9.95 MC1.0816 1.95 7415109 .39 7415368 .45 DS8838 1.30 DAC0800 4.95 MC1.0818 2.95 '4122 .45 7415112 .39 7415373 1.39 J 7415113 .39 7415374 1.39 7415114 .39 7415375 .95 CONNECTORS 7415122 .45 74LS377 1.39 R A RS232 Male 2.50 LINEAR 7415123 .79 7415378 1.18 7800) LM1558H 3.10 CA 3023 2.75 CA 3082 1.65 RS232 Female 3.25 LM301 .34 LM340 (see LM565 .99 7415124 2.90 741 5379 1.35 LM301H .79 LM348 .99 LM566 1.49 LM1800 2.37 CA 3039 1.29 CA 3083 1.55 RS232 Hood 1.25 7415125 .49 7415385 3.90 LM307 .45 LM350K 4.95 LM567 .89 LM1812 8.25 CA 3046 1.25 CA 3086 .80 00 7415126 .49 7415386 .45 ST 3.954 LM308 .69 LM350T 4.60 NE570 3.95 LM1830 3.50 CA 3059 2.90 CA 3089 2.99 7415132 .59 74LS390 1.19 LM308H 1.15 LM358 .69 NE571 2.95 LM1871 5.49 CA 3060 2.90 CA 3096 3.49 CA 3065 1.75 CA 1.30 7415133 .59 7415393 1.19 LM309H 1.95 LM359 1.79 NE590 2.50 LM1872 5.49 3130 EXAR CA 3080 1.10 CA 3140 1.15 74L5136 .39 7415395 1.19 LM309K 1.25 LM376 3.75 NE592 2.75 LM1877 3.25 XR 2206 3.75 CA 3081 1.65 CA 3146 1.85 7415137 .99 7415399 1.49 LM310 1.75 LM377 1.95 LM709 .59 LM1889 1.95 XR 2207 3.75 LM311 .64 LM378 2.50 LM710 .75 LM1896 1.75 CA 3160 1.19 7415138 .55 741$424 2.95 XR 2208 3.75 LM311H .89 LM379 4.50 LM711 .79 ULN2003 2.49 7415139 .55 741 5447 .95 5.25 LM312H 1.75 LM380 .89 LM723 .49 LM2877 2.05 74LS145 1.20 74LS490 1.95 XR 2211 XR 2240 3.25 LM317K 3.95 LM380N-8 1.10 LM723H .55 LM2878 2.25 TI 7415147 2.49 7415624 3.99 LM317T 1.19 LM381 1.60 LM733 .98 LM2900 .85 71494 4.20 75365 1.95 7415148 1.35 7415640 2.20 LM318 1.49 LM382 1.60 LM741 .35 LM2901 1.00 TL496 1.65 75450 .59 7415151 .55 7415645 2.20 LM318H 1.59 LM383 1.95 LM741N-14 .35 LM3900 .59 71497 3.25 75451 .39 7415153 .55 7415668 1.69 rINTERSIL7 LM319H 1.90 LM384 1.95 LM741H .40 LM3905 1.25 '5107 1.49 75452 .39 7415154 1.90 7415669 1.89 CL7106 9.95 LM319 1.25 LM386 .89 LM747 .69 LM3909 .98 '5110 1.95 75453 .39 7415155 .69 7415670 1.49 CL7107 12.95 LM320 (see 7900) LM387 1.40 LM748 .59 LM3911 2.25 '5150 1.95 75454 .39 CL7660 2.951 7415156 .69 7415674 14.95 LM322 1.65 LM389 1.35 LM1014 1.19 1M3914 3.95 '5154 1.95 75491 .79 7415157 .65 74LS682 3.20 CL8038 3.95 LM323K 4.95 LM390 1.95 LM1303 1.95 LM3915 3.95 '5188 1.25 75492 .79 CM7207A 5.59 1.25 75493 .89 74LS158 .59 7415683 3.20 LM324 .59 LM392 .69 LM1310 1.49 LM3916 3.95 '5189 15.95A 1.29 MC1330 1.69 MC4024 3.95 75494 .89 74LS160 .69 74L4684 3.20 `CM7208 LM329 .65 LM393 1.89 MC4044 4.50 7415161 LM331 3.95 LM394H 4.60 MC1349 .65 74L5685 3.20 1.19 RC4136 1.25 7415162 LM334 1.19 LM399H 5.00 MC1350 .69 741_ 5688 2.40 9000 LM335 1.40 NE531 2.95 MC1358 1.69 RC4151 3.95 74LS163 r BI FET .65 7415689 3.20 9316 1.00 LM336 1.75 NE555 .34 MC1372 6.95 LM4250 1.75 TL071 .79 71084 2.19 7415164 .69 81L595 1.49 9334 2.50 LM337K 3.95 NE556 .65 LM1414 1.59 LM4500 3.25 71072 1.19 LF347 2.19 74LS165 .95 811596 1.49 9368 3.95 LM337T 1.95 NE558 1.50 LM1458 .59 RC4558 .69 TL074 2.19 LF351 .60 74LS166 1.95 811597 1.49 9401 9.95 LM338K 6.95 NE561 24.95 LM1488 .69 LM13080 1.29 TL081 .79 LF353 1.00 1.49 7415168 1.75 811598 1.49 9601 .75 LM339 .99 NE564 2.95 LM1489 .69 LM13600 TL082 1.19 LF355 1.10 LM1496 .85 1M13700 1.49 7415169 1.75 25L32521 2.80 9602 1.50 TL083 1.19 LF356 1.10 ,74L5170 LF357 1.40 1.49 25L52569 4.25 `6502 1.95 H TO -5 CAN T TO-220 K TO-3 r- DIP r LED LAMPS r LED DISPLAYS CENTRONICS HP 5082 -7760 .43" CC 1.29 SWITCHES 1 -99 MAN 72 .3" CA .99 4 POSITION .85 IDCEN36 Ribbon Cable 36 Pin Male 8.95 JUMBO RED .10 MAN 74 .3" CC .99 FND -357 (359) .375" CC 1.25 5 POSITION .90 .18 IDCEN36 /F Ribbon Cable 36 Pin Female 8.95 JUMBO GREEN 6 .90 FND -500 (503) .5" CC 1.49 POSITION .18 JUMBO YELLOW FND -507 (5-0) .5" CA 1.49 7 POSITION .95 CEN36 Solder Cup 36 Pin Male 7.95 `POSITION .95A `ED MOUNTING HARDWARE .10 TIL -311 40 .270" HEX W /LOGIC 9.95 IVHCRODEUICES AT MICROPRICES (c Copyright 1984 JDR Microdericee Circle No. 22 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com DIGI-KEY C O R P O R A T I O N 800-3.46-5144Fn 1 -6674 NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CHEMICALS-. ARIES PLESSEY MOLEX E.. QUALITY - Name brand products from nationally recognized manufacturers. EM CAADES N MACHINE DIAMOND TOO UNGAR GE CH VISA ARIES PLESSEY MOLEX AAVID E. F. JI SERVICE - Computerized order processing and inventory control AS INSTRUMENTS O-IU AP PRODUCTS N DIR, Iaslrl thaNJe OK MACHINE UNGAR GC A CHEMICALS IND TOOL UNGAR ARIES I NATIONAL GC CHEMICALS SEMICONDUCTOR PANASONIC SAVINGS - Volume Discounts OEM Quantity Pricing Toll Free 800 Number CHEMICALS ARIES PLESSEY MOLE% E. plot war - e/OI. KEY -D19Mrn- OIG,. KEY- DIOl- KEY 101 KEY 0101 XI - - AI .1 /I IG/ DIGS DIG, KEY 0K O D/01 KEY - 0101 KEY-0IO,.Sn 0101GIG ,.KEY DörKEY DiGnit y 0101 KEY DIOI.KEY0101 KEY OIO ,.KEY 0101 KEY 0101 KE 06.0 ------0106KE7 - _ _ O. - DIDrKn - D101 Kn 0101 KEY INTEGRATED CIRCUITS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN UMENTS DISC CAPACITORS -1-ATIASOEiK tFSINDIPPED TANTALUM 7400 TTE 7e..500 TL 74800 TEL 4000 CMOS LineRr 1116.65 CAPACITORS Pal I.C. SOCKETS K Bua4 - v 0 066.07 we. C.p NE MOT NE ' 77 AWN i5ó}N 06.1M. Accornmoc. 47.71. 10 Na. 10 014 0163 u, 310 DISC r45m6 74504N 1.639.217 CAT NO 1439347 69 CAPACITORS 741.60317 41 740. DH KIT 40074 t,12: 102 /70.1166 0609 16060 791: tu ma.m cAPACITORS Ifs 4477 ca. 24.5 766.1 400°634 SOLDER TAIL 555011316111 OF 111 749106 40104 Panasonic LS Series DIP SOCKETS . ,ÌI ' N sI;N - Mnurure Aluminum Ele)lrolyi,c Callauiturs eS+IN Prise i4ói6741. 86101 rw.m . ` NSAw P. : 4.1 R471121 64 74sa PAW E ]]p M-Ba YOUR C140.6 TIN 00607 ) IS i 40. . 1 ID la NPO TYPE áw i.Lsls6 .x61 °b ns a61 202 50 5 5 1 74166 4L520N For PPNw. w and 6wC4ou1.. I PAm 16 TIN MATEO SOLDER TAIL 747 1.. i Pv 7,4176 a.647.11y.wME031-665 PM mN MSax Cy. 1 15 74256 7.6276 161 74ÁN 7.6206 49 ffi ;0724 41 747 6376 3614665 7.6 5110005 763124 74.06 010566 746139 4005 nt noo 1 03 6 49 M191}N e0 NL547N 40298 lb 6 40 46 4 26 500 IL 40364 57 04111467. ló 04320L2 15 1 13 74.426 61 .113 641670, GOLD u7 SOLDER TAIL mto 01 500 74436 8; NaIDMPß 65 pf 503 5 13 b2 IB6l1 74446 6aB 1 le 100 54011 ap1 3 L63201.13 1 613 Yle 7, 470 10 7446h ; 7.56677 40ae L632066 9 1 051 61760 MO 61 YON I }4 500 3 nl ..e a00 10 w10 160 ;WIN 40V 03 LMaA6 3 gold 00 1a P41Y pl 5 43 7479766 wee W LM3axP3 2 01 M61 10 274 01 500 5 43 ,ISIN 74.7.1 043235 9.0 61p1 a 10 00 64 12 83 7u5614x 40479 49 Anwar se M}61tN W 7A .1 41 21___ 10 . 6160 68 6263. 6 91 a 31 74.6 1 07 40496 73 MOAN IÌ 56171 p1 )4>Ox 46 74,6936 40.8 SO P230 100 84110 660 .1 Sb W mrá 747. h 220 .16 74111 p1 sm 6 91 Ma7ó7N rv WIRE WRAP ffi oro b P30N Zz 5 2 pf 4xMÌ DIP SOCKETS 470 L6`i`00. 62317N /I .3 vu.1600 l 56000° P23e a50 0 iré i n 6661246 64115 I600 pr 46613 66 61 le 1 16 100 1 043362-6 0 1. ÌÌ.639 I 4536 61 A L636003 p.661e J6000 16 1 617 PnOPím°} I 6I ® 7411681 40700 57 L63375 6 42 5600 I a±mM w 74639 f 1 52 L6á }7 7M 64x06v033ro p1 60 y 0 13 1 3B 40738 441 04 au 74.17. +isis47x 331 1761371 L633016 .7.. 64.6 4706 pl 50 501 67 50 ]6O 64 NLSIax .755 46 65Ke1t 8.3 .wp..Kl.. 01 ut e3 7452416 35 LP 6.13 Pf 105 70 6 OD 10 74816 66 6áB 17.396 L6D40141H1- }24514" 3.37 ® IS ü IS P600 83 23 M 47 4533.37 .113 41 i2 31 P4D 72046 3 3 15 tll2e YOOKC010E: 02047 4 7 25 74636 7462446 2 51 1643405C 19 LM$ON 7,4666 FILSaa 40598 7 76 LN061FC 15 le 1.0436566 4053R 75 1.200. [NTSnwunVV- 000 PAM 25 1076 43M t 69 L63407 /2 871 TIN PLATED MIRE 1m 106716 6 ' WRAP. 0411 Ì 14SIÿN 7626* 15 66 61311/ 46 a 2a5 1.59 tlIeDB aY r M31 a61 a.M it 101 ®4NJ 36 >ÌI236 Tel NL516W 745TBIN jy31 6t61B ° i LI St 4 9G 411 00 77 11477 7 64407 iS pl m 81 6 97 M.Ie4 B 41266 L63417 12 77 6 d IN. 19 600 97 1MB 634117 IS 77 vAd156 °oá A LS156N 3 )46 L 00 81 2 97 i.I. 6066 ti e1 W e 64405 27 900 6 0 67066 Ì 1451616 63536 59 13 12 P1 500 1 03 aM MJ1 77.6162N 1 L6I7%K - ,,. 61 03 0 66 160 74L51Mx - 6 47" - - 64408 47 37 11 1 04 10 30 102 00 pf BO 1 741466 1 81 3 . 764724N 5 2 743503 64403 B6 üm 63686 32'65 066u® 64410 68 91 KG 1 93 13 38 07 )n6s119p"Fx1 66 7LS3N 1 M 7WJÁN I SOWN 2 01 M78L14f2 ; 00612 R WRAP Wl P4411 81W 561 3 06 17M 1 600 13 el LIMAN e' 167871640 Pan ID 1DO 6 20 40 1 a - íII >451TAJx M 74SS7pN.. _ 63776 LM75l2C2113 50 741656 57 - 26 0610 07 76y 88N 7Y517 n i 62 LM 77n Ó IN1606 08116 PANASONIC METALLIIED POLYESTER Ìa 50 31 2 70 22 SL 7466736 .100 M e PA ITON a.a m 12 Lemma i á7 L6(18 :vice áv ]4ÌIÌl6 31 50 :Iro6 ]78 613816 1.19 T ®Iñ aP.u.a a ói 37 L12Axiw b 21-''''' 45228 L6Ñ Ip a 74L616666 w á7 ;.16 L com 212 AI 00 iBMU"4 w..1e ii 6ó )4 L)É 661 W v4CM C M O S 4_ 01140 40,3,71,17 rerap, 2 M a.60 12.00 J3 - --- 7iÌ19M ii 0 r103r dm .n . 741866 1 m >LSa6 m - , 00 671005 I e6 55ó l_Ì; j7Ó 10 60 1177 60 74 TEXAS INSTRUMEN i ® as:: N ii 8° EDGEBOARD CONNECTORS 7417 .42: 313 _74 AL67426 1 eu I; TANTALUM SUBSTITUTES 47238 ñ6mé 61 G 146 INS r Y ¡Ì I 30 7 9. A e3 1 PANASONIC E- SERIES CAPACITORS 74 7246 I -° r n :y , i ó iii n / M .1.51473 7E ldtp 51. ñ 76 i Im 12 s p ñ6M16 61 26 Iim __ _ iLN3 I M 161 15 27 2.25 53.6 170 56 _ ä --.. ..6... Y v....m.16 .,,..,..PwN..i....

05 i TOLERANCE: 15 46 AP. TAN. ;µI 4116 200 nsec 16,384,1 D Ram 7415. 3 4.9.4ö Y K 6 W CAPACmORS 1144 Cary Are FN. 1779.1. sns As low As 41 7.6 S.1 W .1,1J COM 170011167 H _ MI.. iiip6 M wl :.. 100 M 220 133 :i=6 .4.,N a .11 1594 ° 4 51 who 03 725 .1163 saN 41166 NO 15 12 5712 21500 .40 392 470 83 1 06 11300 53 1 64 1 }ÌI9M71"4 2!!' 1192 Zm0 81 a a .l L 36}24 7.6. 46} 74LSA>x e ÌI A 7U36 61 3 IYRM 33 N 3666 K 66017N1 _ --._Iln M 71: Ri RANA .160.760 10 I17 00 7666 M EDOEBOARO CONNECTORS 47 1 66 13. 575 10 NInN 11.447 1.Ì i )L 3A 331 D A14 IV. 536 a -- 16 192 Oó 6 169 1337 1.97 ... 907135 46 00 03 71 14 506. IC 3 86 37 60 CS 10 . 22 06 20 7 28 I 250 0 µö K1q Y ó úñ 67N A I.. M1 Logic 0.447.13a 1L m7e 37 006660 1.61L561N ]161B01,y SC6B 17 00 III 36 C6 18 461 44 00 C5 19 3 55 33 90 m OLSON Iro 53J 1007. 300 60113 iv2'260 0. x .. 10 17 17 42 62 1 ... .uem.. . B1L5Mx I% .95 22 44 rep seo ss so cues ru m rum 1 A/DS D/AM PANASONIC V SERIES a m 71 14 e 10.93 25 iM.mw7s..... 8036 6 62333 260 033 a a 9 t66 -_-PM, MICIN 7.1926 16 ,1.3v 263 0B 33 O 1 2 2 Pm 60.ó 1 M 260 M} 19 a 13 11 l6 m 9pMIILCN R KM1I3__ BB JPCNRFEa"C }M AD 22 9 40407 C 3. r2® as a i40020361.066 b. W I IN 00 Sm. Funcwn O.W..L .... 60579 61 142 717 4MCOP6YSx1]Ofi.B6 .__ ID 36 C636 5A ä50 6203 0M 6 63(IW 161 COPWLR 3.61 56 NN Mbopruu..ar ,.my a61 CS6 861 Y 10 C5 47, 6.w 61 70 113 1 42 a 12 17 7 63 n M C643 9 x 90 20 C56 b b M 60 /02 65 a411.6.1611 90628 5 A ,2M ]5° 15 M 46D eM 1a60 6.3 C66 C56 /60 7b.85 LAU 250 a 2 220 . Lnrr4p"Nalw,N.,wsm6... . Aua 16 C650 47 CM16 ew 3n CS.SU la G124 ill 27 u 106 65 6.O 124 1Ì 50 pIIOe eo u....rw S4 259 77 ill .24 26 4Ìm .00E2. 000250 33. 37 1f4 SERIES .126" .760" ADC... m . .w ....y < Ou 300 257 5. MI 01 4Ocx ñ EDOEeOARD CONNECTORS .74 40.711C. 144.7 ..mg. GSM 10 11.61 1a.10 4K9CBMx 20 vpu6.Kwun.Na,m,.l.tM 40638 7 900774 . ,I4 94 9 1 20

óDA1Wbi Panasonic i_v 01301 91 780 57 TSW Series 7L:2: )4-C9U x large Aluminum MOLEX I.C. SOCKET PINS 18735 34 19 50 30 C3 18 "V m s 548 63 Clenmly. Capacitors DACM3L22 O 7 Ñ " 040321307C611. Pt4° 0316 11 91 788 62 40 125 C 11.25íM 52 50 561 500.0060 DACm2LC643 re1x p 1 Ñ 9 43 0.10 ,1 01 1139 - 002, 7 WCa4P40M 0P611N 25. C425 600 6430 25 4 M 71 91 09 1.0n 601561 Ì6M Psn 64 0111.57 xSpYLM6 56 . WC10aLCx6n 706 2e9 UNIYI 0 = N561Mxa 01 I 29 57 40 24 40 6666076 39 I1e 3.2 7402226 WAN SOLIISLIM. 2100124 TIE POINTS 0047 40 91 . 4273 . 027 34 2 93 .507 6300 1 91 473 133 00 80 Y.180 4333 400 w .503 M6100 Ia1W1O 400 699 LI s .604 16000 3 41 237 .73 KO 7.9276 6 75 50 1177 .134 50 10 90 107 50 Cf SO 460 1 0/ 051431. 1 66.6 106 00 OSIN I 01 N KW, 47. 1: 124 SERIES .15B. .780" 4. 400 10 .506 459 1261 764661 EDGEBOARD 764616 BS 66113969 6/ CONNECTORS .01 .00 165,6F 362 32 75 630366 6/ .10 Xffi7m Ì M 92 ACTIN IS Lao re 1 71 00 uoü9 66 70 400 M tO. 02 110C966 51 512545632 9 38 yr 4274 50 41 73 46517 M61 11566706 20 61 62C. 359 4334 400 % mgo b 4. 19' aa 66614 ÌK3o6 198 AM. 16 36 CI 327 30 62 C.2 18 5 07 47 52 .616 6500 0 01 5122 365 9i i 1.30 VM U. 3 i .616 15_93 320M3 .24 400 026 99 6134/ Mamwy iO'" 29 56 CI 2e 4. 6%60 - 7.26164 .15 2203 14 82 133 00 OW. 3 same 200 32 Mu 3:52 WOO ] 43B76 17 98 0'210 2 AU 1702 5 i ffi 2C t 81 113. 167. 4700 024 R N 66®MÌ2 E+a. 18 1 32 38 M 5 13 100 470 71 14 113003 1000 66211. 7 2 30 74.72.014 l i ] 1200 '3 ill Riñ4Á0 140 CAPACIT.6 6 7 s 941.96 24271. 5 96 74031. '455'16 CA, NO MO MO 1 91 3050P KO 330 2.88 1;2': 4116x.200 1. 96 7451196 470 2 M 25.1 AO 00 ONLY c... ,. ., 250 150 165 .113 .30 DIGI -KEY ,u6.61 797511 .5011761ENT Of 14 53595 161 POPULAR "AND Volume Discount " °^ 9 PO4. DIG: KEY Stocks Most A.P. Products 4r0 s.w

TM SOI -Key volume discount and Service charges are simple to apply. Most items sold by Digi -Key may be combined for a volume discount. Items that are not discountable ore identified by the SERVICE CHARGES VOLUME DISCOUNT suffix -ND following the part number. After wriflrg your order. total all of the discountable items and apply the appropriate discount. To this subtotal, odd the nondiscountoble items. Then add tdlhdlir S o.00.S 9.99 Add 52.00 S 0.003 99.99 NET the charge. We pay oll shipping and insurance to addresses in the U.S . A.. Canada and Mexico when payment accompanies order, $ 10.00 -525.00 Add 50.75 S 100.00 - 5249.99 ....less 10 RUIN 090119IG RV PRONE, CALL 1- 101.346.5144 M., Hi., OLD 711 -311 -6375) year oodF se: DEOI.RIT, NlEksq 32 %mg, Thief elver MN, MN S4P91 (MR., N oUl d s 25.00 -549.99 Add 50.50 S 250.00 - 5499.99 ....less 15 You may pay by check, money order. Master Charge. VISA or C.O.D. 0101 -KEY GUARANTEE: Any ports or products purchased from Digi-Key that prove to be defective will be S 50.00-599.99 Add 50.25 S 500.00 -5999.99 ....less 20% reoloced or refunded if returned within 90 days from receipt with o copy of your invoice. 5100.00 A Up No Charge S 1000.00 6 Up less 25%

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com CORPORATIONDIGI-KEY 800-346-5144 tawnorvAL SEMICONDUCTOlk PANASONIC QUALITY Name brand products 34Avio CHEMWIK ATLANTIC DIODES N - from nationally recognized manufacturers. VISA ARIES PLESSEY MOLEX -APAD E .F J SERVICE - Computerized order processing and inventory control ii4E&E:til;SaitTENg. mastel chaige )No Toot. UNGAR GC CHEMICALS II.,I - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR _ _ _ __ Volume_ O.ume Discounts OEM Quantity Pricing Toll Free 800 NumberNumme CHEMICALS ARIES PLESSEY MOLEX . - g II, Dl ill, Ow- n. NOIEY : 4;4'4:: rr':',:; ::; : no'ig'i ::; ouvg; ::; 1 Oui?s'i ::; :Trot :: "" ' Mc " r I '''' pri''' 2m.'06,. ,,I , _:::::::_::::::_ ; '0:::::::::::::; sILICON RECTIFIERS Nahonal Silicon Transistors '.: . .1.1 MiliffeiffhIA: : --.1i- . Wire Semiconductor NI catubleing ZENER DIODES LLAN,5c,,..10.,.,,, .03,I3.3 I- 20 951636W L 'e. 65 96 5.39 3, 158L. . MA1026 TimeTemp. Clock Moth 1 IC 100 -- b RECTIFIERS 11517 560 61 44. 46310 4104 4.. Giant 7 Inch 4 D1gn LED 63151314. 1W g utt 1. 44 2 10 ;:26 :33: %: :: :3333 :11'6:4 1111 i, ,.//3 .03010 II 16117010. 800 10 55 n 1 175651 11 1 1: 14 06.0 Part. 9.05 ONO 16.1 11141 44 2 27 e:0°: ,,I ,:i ,177 .5 6. 6119 PCB CONNECTOR 14 71 /6 It 7.1 2 AI '3333t: !:31 23:1 6191 00 6101111 ND 6100160 6100460 910,61/11 8 01 31 23 2 10 NO 90 91519 910 6 50 14 50 69 /167 /0 9,118 610360 910/K140 saga. 66/ 30 40 11.5111611D 114/ 10201 UK ea 1144;199194- . 1%:. tn ins new 1-17-1 94364 R520040 1077 1019 640 77 164001 1 WOO ON 0041 66 700 60 00 51500 '. '1: Ot 120 GO ll I T 164007 1.100 80 0041 BO 700 6000 54000 t H46 72 23 2 20 50 0:70g: :11: 1:71 03.21 .037 1.200 RN 0041 110 7 50 64 00 68700 6 67 6 30 54 : 4. 00 1.004 1 Am 400 68 0041 BO .0 1400 51800 45 4 20 36 00 EWE= 164005 1 ow mom 0041 100 100 MN MOO =IBM 4, 96 LA NUCTO11 : : g 1610. 0 9.060 411006 0.60 11116 16 164006 P82 0041 000 141 00 : 1.100 .00 I5A . 1.1 i WOO. 10 09.0 4169.0 4.60 2615 14 164007 11,1000M D041 ISO 1200 30000 WO 00 II '',i /LA re" 1114140 LOW lisi 0041 10 500 1700 0160 l''''- r33F TITT7TTLI 11777 690 601 5760 446 51 447013 =EIZEREENIMI 5.461 0404 ownos ern. tn. 161 ut: nn 116014 6 30 54 9, 495 00 .100 TYP 11776 6 60 21 1959 634 49 5130 40 .1 061110 irree 7, 6 65 57 DO 50 14 6339600 1000 6116 17201 7561U Pon M 175 71 6 65 57 00 04407, 660 6 0.466 14466 81644 111. 1145 161 FE AN 3 AMP SILICON RECTIFIER 6 F. 6340 63 1/ 06 105 43 97671 OM 01 6610336 50 66100 1410 inn i21.2 181101.0 971100 611 9110560 91101140 6 01 24 641026 0'.P 1 cloch 14.08 only "M '" r7 .'" It% 6. Mg' 10'""00 1. 4111.0 011100 811.60 0111.0 51111 37 661020 146 switch 60.1 14 C D. . 14,1 .0. 2H VII OMER EITIMIIRERANG 91.60 120 9117060 4.16.10 692 70 6546 12 09,6641 neo 763342 ... 0 r5 91 7] 9::: n30160 140 52 11581 10547: lb .77660 170 2945 P1117.0 9113660 611760 18113.0 971 IB =7fi - temp sensors too 140632 po. 21 86 0 05 09 Le 6302 NO 161 32 132 46 1211 2 20 76 .74 1167 707g . Kamm. AsTrocunew 25 214 1475 660 41077 60 /16 51 .7 10 16. !:I 300 0111 000 Us Pro P. 6410204 110VAC trwsforrwr W MA10.26/1 / J. Is. 0444.61 '7: ' '' e 194 60 142 BO 11111110 33600 .42 464446 ... Dm.,33.56,. 96..., 3 w Aw 3A99 MA164260 Xern..... 0 6610066 V ,.. . 00 75900 770000 5211 6410261 61110286. P I B nIl 60143 3 Arno 60P1V Waslic 20 256 7260 199 50 SP 18 1471.0 1 71 01 :56 .401 3 Amp 410.10'4 ILO 1006V P.. X 2 70 24 00 71000 FM 06.7..anox un. y. 4411 neon ! ': 485 3 5,./ : 3H NS. 3 Amp 200171. P14. 31 783 220 50 L6133. 2.4 23 2 X 60 25X 146.60414.6.60, 1400130 101 DO 1135 3 Ano Plano 33 231 300 23 2 20 20 7: .171560 74, 66 IL NUI 50703 3:33 l'333 33:3'3 ; ; 66. .P1V 297 .40 00 1.432 ohm Poo..., N0,110 /OD 71 23 ,I, 0 12140 65406 3 Afro 900P1V Plasm 36 3 15 2600 26 CO 61457 X 76 6 117110 019 7151 U991 16040 Sonch 4402 NO 1 1392 67 57 175 04 1140 20 66407 7 Amp SCOPIV Plawc 40 3 00 32 00 MC 00 23 7 g 90 .07 MO 1 es 56 IX, g .0760 N6609 3 Amp 1CCOPIV ANNA 50 3 00 33 00 290 OD 1A2 , 3.11010 211 02 70 I:: 10': :::: 0!I:: .11=01112111=111112M 22: 5 36 15256 ND '7. K405 1506 13365 12 11 1 7 3119464 GSA CAW./ DAA 111. Iv Ott 0.7'' or 0.114'. Red 4-Digit LED 0.054 1111 .5 60 7,11,10, 7,414 0,0 20. 710 966 ,63 21 2 62 22 50 7 SILICON N. 0106165 72 469. 7 10 I WAN, If For R. 16 216 00 .3_ 11.600.... L6. . W01181 45365 77 7 2: 173. tt 265 2360 71130 70.00 :: y es .00 tendard seem ty ::?::' t:II"sóá OW Et ,3 2 L6 go ,4-6 4 4 II', '',14.: le::: ntel . , 750763 3 211 7100 11425 1466 05 7 l j jj, jg .... 1).4 0 3 4.4.9 n d 1 ' S 1 :710 70000 9171 60 5203 .567 10000 331 --^xl: 29' 2 62' '22 .' r= 7:1700 Fr------.1 It 315 2700 242 50 4. 4177 11 NO 6443 240 30 400 IX 310 9 14 40416 8 . 1 OB 10 15 87 00 A , ,... MS 14 67900 431 1015 --'- . , -- . 10 alA ii '1--M40-ir''''o is 1901 17517 16.11 F,N 4 121 1.5 526 551 11500 SOO 12 70 tn 825 a .... O.,.. . . 3616 2 ,,f . 24 73 228110 210756 .1 51. 62E 25 110000 151 .00 .57764 3 3 V55 60. 6.1167466 4.1 24 110 '3: : , 1,1 945 il'' 117 11 031es 145000 1 1106 1518 . .. 116277. 71.511 SOO. 7.16.76 soo 24 110 .00 '¡ 5141020 - 0.61 INCH MOM 010246 6 34 06 315 17 IV 7 63 251 01 161113 DO 1101 DO 1 M6 2641 11 36 .76 i: 9 60 267 /6 1 1 1:0771: 5r7.1:7=1:7:0:044.'",' 7: 77------T? 3 .917 2.0 X . 10, 9 DO re :0' 04 2 1202 15 6116. 5 170 2464 165770 4 7 16550. leo 1167506 Awe! a 1 w 66107051 6.10.7, [LA, Eeladu1e oni, 761 7 36 63 00

1662111 5 1 V 59 910.170,4 'gm 24 180 131.75. C.. 0.44. 6.4 1.0 150 V. 117 to OM 1652328 56959 500. 1991.11/75.44. / 24 180 6.6. 17 .6 130 - 11. 4 0.66 0 Fot Pill MN 1652730 60165 500.012. 74 180 2A 1111124831 - 0.6. ,,,,,, ., pen g ...... -,7- 1667361 6 2 V 204, 1162576 7 65 500. .1 10 76 11.36 60 1 99 75 164 77 /50109

04 1 11 1657360 61V 5% 1160678 Nu. 7: 100 P. 153 71 931Ft 000 0. 1.1._. 500.66 co 70 74 R./ 3.0 7 16 28 34 76771 2.56 '11.11"1:22:: . 167319 7 5.65 510.2. 11%9580 24 1.0 167321. 67 055 SOL. 7. 059660 ow 6141623 0.7 INCI4 146314 00168 0.6 C.:14,40461711.1...... :7"7 Ni 1:0 1 40 76 9410 75110 005 5363 00 61 45/606 101: 64 497 16673411 17 155 M.A. 7: I: C. P46 8444.60. TY, Metal Film Resistors 1.566 SO EA R41116 60 57 6717 67317 5776,46 111117 .0 1670 72 91 11340 III DIA10231,1 MA1023 CAL I Module on1v 9.17 05 on Ten.,,,,,, Coe.. 106 ppm C 1 19 1119 .7.37 1:0 . : 16. RC WV 75, M. V.. 941, 14 é 9102 6 NID 1 68 14 00 Ill 26 096-97 .125 460 21 97 2000 1 /7 71 1364ecno 471014.4664 6074 16576111 /1 0 101370 41 6.4. 20 3.1 4 31 31150 35610 171118 5514.9 2.0 .1 .4 3 í 9102 22 ND 1 01 133 1.2 148 14 1370 . 19126 .0 76 67 1000 20451 g ::: I 26 34 L 521 4616 471 176 94 165217. 17 1155 611.417. 0.69670 ow MO 14 7 2 04 .16 16603 166 11 1677 460 .60 3700 75005 13 v tone, ,10134114. ne41,23/ ten 61.1033/91 3 10 74 le 7 50 56 4994 94 1662. 55.441 6r 't 1 "71.11:1747"11V1107424"&1!1 171.11.1"' .1 4. 7 27 20 20 161692 170 80 *1781.0 65 77 56 76 710, 1152440 14 V 65 SOO. 756 1662460 15 655 5664.11.965116. STANDARD RESISTOR VAL. B. 71 50.5 1 374 7 27 .62688 500.1 too 11696111.4.1 50 /1 657 60 7 74 173 I .62470 1166560002. 0-CLOCK KIT -4-- 1667460 111.6 60608 7.169011.6, 16624. 19955936.. 17 VDC I 1652508 20 0 65 500.112.6 4169660 on . Vsn 4..01 320 6 60 184 2/ 01 25050 ,06e0. ::. 2. .12 .1.1 2.27 6126 960 11385 I 1:: 134::: BO 20 '1346 4.1860 160 31 16 .716 7 . 3 16 30 15 74061 .394 .52510 72V 500.0.011696911.., .....6 .64. B... coo.. 1657628 14 115.5004412.16170644.1 +11026417 419 3126 7.1 4. 4321 660 340 3017 7165 .4. 1110524 ots 16671311 25 V 55 500. toe 613 IN 32 24 an no MBEMBENEMBENITUTEIREOSI at 1160 401 3564 376 7 :1:36:13 IN 3131 ISO! 27 AM DM 1511,71 I14 1651549 77 0 55 51141.6.1.0 /19., .822 .. .1.6 . 412131103 4 79 4205 3166 74 8 - 166755B 78V 55 600. 2664 6 D 790 .26/2 NI 57 .8327 Poll.

el711310 405 1107 337 3 1 I 17,56 ,2 ND 3 6 26 16 300 61 2393. 6011111 6 41 6 0 16525176 30 V 55 1,40 500.2,..1161/2134. .7 41721660 4 /1 4161/ 36731 1652676 32055 60066 06073116.4,1 A , e os *7 4:1. 4 572 361 566 5062 4613 4 : NN D° OC 31" 24 .2118'" 29 21: 11150 MO 3.3 7:2 '7: N.10011 -,7560 571 4699 4344 `4. :::; : '71, ": "" '.... 6 1610/3 36 ND 40 3633 .607 .622 8151 NO 0304 6406 11000 NLY01706 How To Order: Ewe en, slanewe nowt, veL 4.,3 IBM, 614 5451 5.7. 1 . 61100 ND 383 2672 311 to 2220 37 6 4 0.2. 1. 1 7 2 32e AKI 101/1 en /I /2 32K. WA /4 me 010 KEY 36110 742 0666 6. 23. 1015 0910 171 90 11211=1211=1=51 41,4660 6006 5, 6110 12 NO 316 28 18 NO 61 .63 94 4 1647266 .1.174/4 .5 117 6110 1860 3 30 30 20 279 40 2607 51 4 3640 , 20100

Vol.. 1 10 100 1.000 , Fell=110 3. .24 ase as 1741. , 011 11.1 77.0 0,4 7 15 76 1=1=1 6 Ww4 19. MAW '59T T79r1' 3660 3. 1,, 1647284 3 IV 36 7G0 1666 110 DO 3613 "NOR/5141.- BUY FUSES N° ,..1 '7, ''''" '''''' ' ,' :0'30 .7:::: :TO s R1126 ND I. '148, 137 so 1. 4.9 .. ,761.10 11 40 101 41 03000 4.. 7 11112 12 NO 1 93 17 21 169 19 6, 27V 26 2 00 16 06 110 00 044.66 162 Carbon Film Resistors - kn. L14,4 4414 4,711, BRIDGE RECTIFIERS F/00 ND 64.046.4.4: ' "

R116 .. 660 14 57 137 00 1264 44 I . NOW AT 0161-KEY 57.5 5 14 604 12 ND 193 1 721 169 19 F. ND 1.85 1.5 to 25 Amp. 61.. 6114 18-617 1 19 19. I. 90 11361 4, 50 to 400 PIV/Leg F10660 20 20 14116 NO 2 76 2451 =CEEM., 0100 6.00 ...MY 20 26 6413 MX 347 X. IRA': :17NDE '7 USO : '3: : T..: .06.6.666 .6606 F106613 20 16 AM 300 440 3911 A. 7. 1;1,14 12 NO 3 67 31 75 293141 AIN 26 ....9 ...... Panasonic LED N ,,,,, ern Displays F100 ND 26 03 ND 3 60 34 06 715 29 71387 31 26 64148110 16 3043 . NO 0. *WILD No.. LI. Md, Gro. Arr.. and Onn.aCollor,- 01.1664 R116 24 ND 6 04 30 sa nee XG6 70 Mr. 6 Ft 14 77 64 Ft 116Ft 1* .44 1i1.0.611 6 . 6/ . .1. 003 0 MO NB 7 St 4 10 1.3 3340 0.8 073 F112 ND 28 4 76 767 74 .15660 3106 B 61.6 ND 7 X 79 c 272 06 250016 4101 60 7 6/ 40 20 OS 3565 0.3 031 a 40. 61. 16. 1 141 918 6 6118 12 ND 3 57 31 75 72016 280 76 11062 60 7 03 606 27 75 X 40 0113 041 d 8 6 /1. 18 ND 363 3. 04 316 29 2967 31 at 163 NO 7 70 5 75 2407 42 . 125 062 P322 P343 Red 3 1.26 11 60 106.00 A 40 16 4166 4747 15 . .16660 402 B 6,8 24 ND 400 36 47 .80 70 8.4 60 7 X 650 79 72 51.4 167 013 P323 P344 1 .6 G. 3 67 14.60 132.00 F1161: 1 NI2 20 00 00 5 . 40 70 4416 1663 020 55 14 510 1 60 3190 260 1724 Amber 8 61.. ND sea 4 oe Was 3492.5 4105 4.3 127 osn 05 P346 3 1.93 17 70 16200 F1/7 ND 1500 1 32 . 70 545 Carbon Plbn X .16 360 17 7765 117704 e P325 P366 EI Don. 3 LSO 17 70 16300 F110 ND P.. Val. In Oh. oe ,,':',,,',,NN% j,,' ''',3° :Tr: eig 1V3 N: g; P326 .7 6.6 43 1 46 13 30 12200 F110 ND :.. .1: :: 1.327 7B 6 30 All 2 600 0 71 0: 6131. 620K 7. 0 0.5.9 4119 40 ,1 01 19 31 1700 1.17 t 000 600 1 63 17 XI 113 CO . 16320 P396 43 I ... Am. g 7616 GOOK .. ,,, 160 RD 20 13 14 42 16617 20 73 /1010 ISO P376 P350 Om. 43 2.10 10 32 12600 =ND 2 /2 31 80 40 '1 . ' "'""' .' ' F. '..' a.2 - 18. NO 76 14 O. 745 50 743.25 7000 I GOO P3X P361 57 68 1450 13203 9IK 7 ND 2 63 6.4. Rol 101113 6146 23 36 2113 26 107 47 an.. .5 57 ,580 747 040 1. 30. , .00 2 12 1 Pi77!"---1.3, 17.50 P331 P362 .en 57 00 16900 70 38 6511 1.0 /0 50 /5 44617 4714 09 3 02 61 34867 2266 14 497. . 4000 . .67. .35,.. 2 000 2 P331 P363 An. 67 1 60 17 70 162 00 74 70 31 961I 2060 6111 .50 55044 505, , . 261 07 2182 81 2 92 P333 14366 Oran. 5/ 2.26 10.70 11800 13.1, 25 IB 1951.2 690 '5 71 5011S 4 /1 66 .4 3 81 13 8B 713. 2800 40 F127 ND 1 6 59 541 06 4 130 40 66 378 26 3476 82 611 1,7.3::.3...... 4111Cleo 7 ei....eetrle. P336 P356 Red 43 2 10 10 X 17500 26 713 6512 1660 5156 1501/ 1 3M 36 ND / 67 147 16 P336 P365 G.en 43 2 6 22 60 206 00 8610 8L0-8L0° FUSES 26 70 8517 6906 4 6124.660 263 33 39 2113 A 1987 67 36 30 1513661 ; Otl 67 B6 512 38 P335 P367 Am. 43 309 26.33 267 00 : Fe7,124 ,1:e6017 302 2688 .07 2.6 14 P337 P366 Red 57 2 10 1930 17600 60660 A.. 34 10 65171860

6 2 an. 200. 1 86/3 P336 P369 Gmon 67 2 45 25150 26600 03 106 A, 17 01'1260 19 07 70 9101 47 220t 2 OM P326 PM An. 57 3 68 3210 260 00 F3004103 010 846 126 90 5630346 AIN .613 4 0 4008 376 25 3475 82 .00. 3 OK 187 .74 = NOB :0 70 :07 g F301 '1 g 770 :0 C1: ;7: 167 P340. P351. Da901.n. Red 20 6 35 49 29 44600 ND 031 AIM 8.1661 o ea so 76 3 36 2706 2 on arn FX3 ND 845 . 1151 54 CO 70 590 160 P341. P767.1-4.-1544 211. 6 16 5600 61600 R1.76 12 ND 5 26 46 76 .74 94 44' .4' . 3 6K 33k X06 2 .151 1011 9180 .66 F.60 375 i3065113 2 66 754 706 .6 44:773:6 7:70 1:7:70 17: 6 36 398 3606 3 36 50 3B P515 % i30560 0 40 3560 r 6126 36 ND sea WITS 567 Il INN .11110 ° III P772 Red 57 1 78 15. 142 CO 0,76 '" C .286 NO see 4ais Sioa 3377 77 ?Au... Do. F307 ND lammeaw WOW II 64.47.406. FX6-60 5 644 61K 4206 4 3. 10 2 7 33 70 71 13165 6. 12 ND 524 46 76 .56 3974 6,1 lIstS at loom 200' 6 .21, 509 51LA 4 /NI 10 L ..1.4 LEO'S C0 011, Amber Oninge F. ND F310-ND .3 5 CO 76 00 Prsor. 01 Nev.. 33 3 41 303r NO 662 14 510662 661110 man. mm, non, Round. 156.04. Anew F311 ND 6 00 75 00 6.36 683 0077 11.916 11*M . 4 06 3615 F3I2 ND 376 1630 6 ND 4 0 43 .76 17 3671 27 11 1. 714. .64. wArr .111106 1101.61 666.0 .60.61667 . F313 ND 5 66 0 71 SS 3074 94 *210 60 100 8 30 171 on 7. \ 107 F314 ND KO 6 00 11: 359. 921160 :so II n 6700 117 sea Pon Mee 500 600 7600 1:1400 24 ND :: 11 6111,60 19 MO 18161 016 . Owes NO :7g:g 700 6 00 7600 063 03 77 562 14 6062 WO Rol MM. P300 210 19 60 Reund F317 NO 750 SOO 600 ::"7,7'7224"Z."TT4 '370:70" 0,14 3 26 79 CO X/ 50 740 0 Red P301 2 20 19 60 F31560 600 16 CO C. . ; % FP:N:1 7 92 36 07 322 66 .54 12 D Subminiature Connectors Green C. P302 2 20 19 50 F319 ND 1 00 75 00 313 OD 2 6132 18 NO 4 62 40 70 376 66 .013 116 Green DP600 P333 2 20 1950 F3201.10 XO 4 64 67 00 302 00 NA 2 6132 24 ND 5 23 46 04 .63 396526 Amber Cleo P304 2 70 1667 F321 ND 200 4 54 000 00,1 WATT S. 061006 F. RESISTOR 4660410691. . 2 6132 36ND 6 64 60 71 536 46 464O 36 Oren. Ca. P. 110 1B SO F322 NO 670 4 54 .00 . 0046 7 20 29 03 268 60 A.. P3X1 2 20 16 50 6323ND 50 3 92 24 87 2861 12 0064 DMus. 6307 2 20 10 SO 7324 ND 000 .56 613,11 4 57 40 70 376 1 .141 6441 COP PM 2 20 19.0 F. ND 2 4. teoo 332 00. 4,250 5 own ol 22 Awes in mrAs 1 1 3 49 00 . I. 210 4 54 37200/6 1 7 0 2 4 04 tu 9106 ohm 8/ 0.4 4 11134 3.13 5 23 4664 33611124 Coon CSer PIS 2 20 19 60 1. 612 000 .. E 613.71 Am. Clear P310 2 20 19 50 /337 NO 5C0 362 .49 .8. B02 /. ND 353 6 117 62 27 wo lo .406 3 3 62 Cron 044, P312 2 20 10 50 399 NO 4.1861 4 56 4051 6 63 6.7 627 15 10 /no No 203 3 02 00 18 7 01 BO 601 14 Amint .0. P314 210 50 . .111661 5, 6.6 ND 0 1331 NO 6136 74 ND 7 61 09 14 13 6/628 Fr,' ND . Gm:: P316 3 12 25 00 MS F., 1.4 : 3: Z.': "'" 6136 .613 9 16 81 41 643 09 MO 1717 F333 ND 6260 3 62 .00 Arnbo 3 12 25 00 316 Rectangle 5 lor 53 61376 ND F334 In,. 60. 1.6.16 00 667 5223 .10 Red DX,. 1.18 2 20 19 50 4.4 Anow ND 3 82 54 60 4470660 0,6,0 ::;7'1 4:44 F3366D 6178 12 ND 53 64:7e 16 Gram 0417mod P3/9 3 12 2600 6.6 .rew 6 3 82 . 00 60 44 55036 41. 613116 NO 7 1 14 610.2 F336 ND 00 60 00 2060. .'"41"7:474';onL'14:' P320 3 12 63 00 Arrow 4"'10r:rt'sJP'X :70 04! 75 72 698 10 . 6.0 Dolt. 4.5 1:: . :1:ND 7 04 00 74 66 13 026 Rod P321 40 Doi/ F737 ND 4 CO 40 00 20 00 444 147/ 667 D6,00 IOU 1002 Ill 60 ND 9 15 01 41 763 00 020 37 0.146 .6 63 : 00 00 SO .336 00 FLO ND 00 00 61800. 1 III 4166 IM 10641 MI6 1.1 66.1 161018 F740 NO 4 'NI 60 00 205 06.4 4936 2 06.4,Green .0 660 21 .7 '0 13.41 NLL 6 4 r 464., P44 7 le .93 NC .32 19 DO.. P388 72 6.00 S 6.44 X422 18ND 080 5140a ND B4 59 '4 66 13 028 21 14472 3660 U. " 614234240 9 15 81 1' 15.3 . 6020

The Digi key volume 50 1(0213! and bundling charges ore simple to apply. Most items sold by Digi-Key any be combined for a volume discount Items that ore not discountable ore &ladled by On .110 HANDLING CHARGES VOLUME DISCOUNT suffix following the port number After writing your order, teal oll of the discountable items and apply the appropriate discount. To th s subtotal odd the non-discountable aems Then odd the aindling We poy s 0.00-5 9.99 , Add 52.00 S 0.00.S 99.99 . ...Nin charge oll shopping and insurance to addresses in the U S.A.. Canada and Mexico when check or money order 0E omponies order. s S 101111 0110101114 10.00-525.00 Add 50.75 100.00-1249.99 Less 10% IT P5051, CALL: 1.600.346.5144 (Mn., AIL, Ni.,_wil 215.6414 74) By 444 Nod poor stabs We: 0161101, leophesy 32 15616, Thief INN Ws. MN 56701 s 25.00.549.99 Add 50.50 S 250.00-1499.99 . Less 13% Yoo may p(7, by check, money order, Master Charge VISAUCOD 0101-KEY GUARANTEE: Any ports or products purchased from Dow-Key thot prove to be defective will be S 50.00.599.99 Add S0.25 S 500.00-5999.99 .. Less 20% replaced or refunded d returned within 90 dots from receipt with a copy of your invoice Prices subsea: to change walnut notice. S 100.00 4 Up No Charge 51000.00 it Up Less 25 Circle No. 14 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Morrow MD11 (Continued from page 40)

with the system for the purpose of using of the computer were to be jostled while both an add -on 16 -bit 8088 board with the floppy to back up data on the hard not powered up. 256K of RAM for running MS -DOS and disk. The program is supposed to sup- a network that will support Morrow and port a full backup, partial backup, or ar- Operation and Performance other computers running under MS- chival backup of changed files only. It is DOS. also supposed to store the files in a Overall, we are pleased with the per- The Morrow terminal that normally packed format that greatly decreases the formance of the MD11. In more than comes with the MD11 supports some ex- number of floppy disks required for the three months of use we have encoun- cellent character graphics, but it does task. We cannot comment on how this tered no operating problems. (A second not support color or bit -addressable program works, because Backfield was MD11 we received about five weeks pri- graphics and cannot be modified to do not available when we tested the MD11. or to writing this review also operated so. If a buyer needs such graphics, he can Finally, the MD11 comes with a flawlessly under extensive use.) Similar- buy the MD11 without the terminal for handy disk format emulator that sup- ly, we encountered no problems with $400 less and invest in one of the many ports a number of foreign formats, in- any of the available software, and we excellent color graphics terminals that cluding Kaypro, Osborne, Televideo, were delighted with the many extra fea- interface easily with the MD11. In addi- and Xerox. This utility permits data to tures CP/M 3.0 provides. tion, Digital Research's GSX graphics be transferred to and from these ma- The star of the show, of course, is the control package for CP /M is available. chines and also allows the user to obtain hard disk system. Although we have not If a buyer already owns a terminal, he software that may not be available in the executed any formal benchmarks, the can probably use it with the MDI1. Morrow format. As is the case with all system seems to outperform other such Morrow provides a terminal configura- such transferred programs, of course, systems we have used, all costing several tion utility to support almost any software specially modified from generic times as much. Many applications seem ASCII -type video terminal with RS- CP /M to utilize the special features of to run almost as if there is no need to ac- 232C communications interface. other machines may not run when trans- cess the disk, even with disk -intensive Virtually all software written for earli- ferred to the MD11. operations. This is probably attributable er versions of CP /M will run under to the disk cache and the well -known Morrow's CP /M 3.0 operating system. Getting Acquainted performance of Morrow's disk control- In general, any incompatibility should ler cards. be limited to software that makes direct One of the acid tests of a new product We also have some good things to say BIOS calls, such as special CP/M exten- is the ease with which it can be gotten up about the new terminal that Morrow has sions and utility tools like Power! or cus- and running. Our impression of the introduced with all of its desktop com- tom system configuration software sup- MD11 is very positive in this respect. puters. The keyboard's feel is excellent, plied for a particular computer by its Assembly requires only connecting the and the high -resolution 12" screen, with manufacturer. CP/M business pro- terminal to the main unit and the key- its well -formed characters, should be a grams, however, should work fine with- board to the terminal. After power -up, relief to anyone who has had to suffer out modification and even gain some ad- the system begins initializing. In a con- with the small screens and /or poor -qual- vantage from the additional program versational style, you are asked what ity character sets all too prevalent with memory space (62K TPA) available un- type of printer you are using, after which low -cost computers. der CP/M 3.0. the system proceeds to configure all resi- The software included at no extra cost Anyone who wishes to use Quest dent software to properly interface with with the system is generally first -rate. Bookkeeper II with the MD11 should the printer. The procedure takes about Not only will a new computer user save a know that this system, as configured, five minutes to complete. good deal of money with the software does not contain a payroll or inventory After configuration, you are immedi- supplied with the MD11, but he can be module and that the cash disbursements ately brought to the main Co -Pilot assured that the software will work module works on a cash and not an ac- menu. All the software available is clear- properly in his particular system config- crual basis. These and other accounting ly listed, and each can be chosen with a uration without having to perform com- modules are available at additional cost single keystroke. To make things even plicated customizing procedures. We directly from Quest. Furthermore, use of easier, Co-Pilot selects a suitable user might add that the documentation in- Bookkeeper beyond one accounting pe- area on the hard disk for each applica- cluded is more than adequate. The Mor- riod requires a license from Quest, which tion so that each has its own directory. row User's Guide, the NewWord man- currently charges a support fee of $37.50 Upon exiting an application, the main ual, and the CP/M Plus User's Guide per company. Co -Pilot menu reappears. are particularly well- written and well - Since the Pilot language is interpre- organized. Conclusions tive, each time Co-Pilot takes over, the interpreter and the Co -Pilot source files Buying Considerations Our overall opinion of the MD11 is must be reloaded. This causes a relative- that it is an excellent system and a very ly short but noticeable delay. Experi- Naturally, the MD11 is not for every- attractive buy for anyone who requires enced users may want to deactivate Co- one. Prospective buyers should note that or desires the extra speed, versatility, Pilot by changing the "profile.sub" the MDI1 currently offers no compati- and storage capacity that a hard disk command file that CP/M 3.0 uses to ini- bility with the IBM PC and MS -DOS system has to offer. Morrow is to be tiate the system. operating system, other than through commended for an exceptional job of in- New users should always remember to modem communications or through tegrating hardware and software for a run the "park" program supplied by some networks that support both CP /M price only slightly higher than many Morrow to park the hard disk heads be- and MS -DOS. According to recently re- best -selling floppy- disk -based systems fore power -down. Failure to do this leased literature, however, Morrow is currently on the market. From where we might cause disk damage if the main unit planning to introduce in the near future stand, the MD11 looks like a winner. O

110 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com 4 -Digit Fluorescent Alarm Clock Kit

RS232 ADAPTER FOR HI -TEK 14 -KEY NUMERIC KEYPAD VIC -20 AND COMMODORE 64 Great keypad for marry home and business computer applications SPST switching Mounted on P.C. board Size 5" L x 3" W x 1 %' H NEvn Color: Grey Weight 1 Ib. Spec available K -14 $9 "95 AMIPM Indlutor Automatic MICRO SWITCH display dimmer ASCII Encoded Keyboards Bright 4diglt 5.S- high display IO minute snooze alarm The JE750 Clock Kit is a versatile 12 -hour digital clock Large setectlon of keyboards Hall effect with 24 alarm. The has a bright 0.5" high `M®tIMMUUauutfei Interfaces -hour clock switching Some haw parallel Some blue -green fluorescent display. The display will automat- The JE232CM allows connection of standard RS232 A65f7MMMUUlOe UNSe, have serial interlaces All haw status LEDs ant a ically dim with changing light conditions. The 24 -hour printers, moderns, etc. to your VIC -20 and C-64. A 4 -pole -aMMflMUHeaeBHBs with numeric keypad minimum of 68 keys Some alarm allows the user to disable the alarm and immediat- capabilities, cursor controls, or both Styles nay switch allows the inversion of the 4 control lines. Com- 'CietfaN86UeaeeStti9' ely re- enable the alarm to activate 24 hours later. The kit vary 2 lbs. - No specs available plete installation and operation instructions included. amommo Weight: includes all documentation, components, case and wall Plugs into User Port Provides Standard RS232 signal KB-MISC $9.95 transformer. Size: 6 6."L x 34 "W x 114 "D. levels Uses 6 signals (Transmit, Receive, Clear to Send, JE750 Alarm Clock Kit. $29.95 Request to Send, Data Terminal Ready, Data Set Ready). Mitsumi 54 -Key Unencoded Purpose Keyboard JE232CM $39.95 Matrix All- DISK DRIVES AND SUPPLIES -SPST keyswitches 20 pin ribbon cable connection Low profile keys Features: cursor contra s. 51/4" APPLEn VOICE SYNTHESIZER control. caps (lock), function, enter and shift keys Color (keycaps): grey wt.: 1 lb. Pinout Included Direct Plug -In FOR APPLE AND COMMODORE 134"L x 414'W x %"H KB54 $14.95 Compatible Disk Drive Uses Shugart MN mechanics 1431( 71 -Key ASCII Cherry Keyboard tenoned storage 3s trauh, - compelible Apple controller CompMle connec- 7 bit parallel ASCII with strobe 11 key numeric Ma Ms tor and cable - just plug Imo your disk os' YaaMaaa11.Ji.eeeaae.®usiaa s... keypad SPST mechanical keyswitches 15/30 Il:eaaaeueeoaaaa... MIA card -edge connector Features: escape, control, troller card site. 61L x 351V u . e- 9/16"0 edge, 40 lbs. ...eues eial aale a cursor controls, plus 10 add'). special function keys Color: white Weight: 2 lbs. Spec. included ADD -514...$195.95 KB1801 $29.96 +5VDC @ 6 Amps Microcomputer 87-KEY ASCII Cherry Keyboard We +12VDC @ 4 Amps Power Inc 12 -key numeric keypad - Cursor keypad SPST aauuauaaáóóäáñ -12VDC @ 0.5 Amps ®aacae00sasaua aspúúá.. esa mechanical keyswitches 40-pin header connector Regulated aieeraaacs Meni sua e Colors: main and numeric keypad- orange; Cursor O.. keypad -yellow Weight: 2lbs. Spec included Power Supply Perfect for computer or disk 18"Lx6W Wxtt H KB8600 $34 "95 dries systems Supply has AMP connectors for direct connec- Nationally Known 106 -KEY 8 -BIT SERIAL ASCII tion to two 54" disk drives Manufacturer! KEYBOARD Cooling fan Input: 100/115/ JE520CM 200 /230VAC, 47 -63Hz Output The terminals were designed to be daisy chained 13% "L x 6'4"W x 5"H (above) Weight: 9 lbs. Over 250 word vocabulary-affixes allow the formation of more around a central host computer and used as indi- than 500 words Built-in amplifier, speaker, volume control, and vidual work stations Hall effect switching numeric CP167 $59.95 audio jack Recreates a clear, natural male voice Plug-in user and cursor keypad 10 user definable keys 50 ready with documentation and sample software Case size: interface cable with ...... rt 9 -pin sub -miniature connector a'Dr.STAiES Protect )bursel/" -. 71/4"L x 314"W x 7 function N -key roll- ïóÁ adé ° ® LED displays Security lock .Úm. :.: user Automatic key repeat function Color: (case)'. DATASHIELD.' APPLICATIONS: Security Warning Telecommunication _°aa®: white w /black panel and blue :r:p e ..a:. -Ikey caps): grey Teaching u Handicap Aid i weight: 6% lbs. Data included. Surge Protector Instrumentation Games KB139 Eliminates nonage spikes and EMI -RFI noise TheJE520 VOICE SYNTHESIZER will plug right into your 21% "Lx .8 "Wx3% "H $59.95 before it an damage your equipment or cause data loss 6 month warranty Power dissipa- computer and allow you to enhance almost any application (100 microseconds)'. 1,000,000 watts 6 tion. Utilizing National Semiconductor's DIGITALKER" POWER SUPPLIES sockets 6 foot power cord Normal line volt- Speech Processor IC (with four custom memory chips), age indicator light Brown out/black out reset the JE520 compresses natural speech into digital mem- TRANSACTION TECHNOLOGY, INC. switch Weight: 2 lbs. $69.95 ory, including the original inflections and emphases. The 5VDC @ 1 AMP Regulated Power Supply Model 100 result is an extremely clear, natural vocalization. R Output: +5VDC e 1 0 any laiso +30VDC regulated) Input: 115VAC, 60 Hz Pert No. Description Price Protect DATASHIELD Two -tone (black /beige) self- enclosed case 6 foot 3- conductor black Yourself... JE520CM For Commodore 64 6 VIC -20 $114.95 power cord Size'. 6%" L x 7" W x 2'4" H Weight: 3 lbs. Back-Up JE520AP For Apple II, 11 +, and lie $149.95 PS51194 $14.95 Power Source Provides up to 30 minutes of continuous 120 rfr Power /Mate Corp. REGULATED POWER SUPPLY VAC 60Hz power to your computer system (load dependent) when you have a black out Input: 105-125/210 -250 VAC at 47 -63 Hz Line regulation: ^0.05% Three or wPage sag Output rating: 200 watts Six mounting surfaces Overvoltage protection UL recognized CSA certified month warranty weight. 19 lbs. Pert era. Oise. Mae Waled Pain. Model 200 (PC200) $349 "95 EMA5/6B 5v63A/6v42.5A 49"L x 4y/V x 241 2 lbs. S29.95 EMA5/6C 5V46A/6V45A 5%"L x 4Aw x 29M11 4 lbs. 539.95 IBM MEMORY EXPANSION KIT COMPAQ COMPATIBILITY ASTEC SWITCHING REGULATED POWER SUPPLY Apple Ill Power Supply Multiple outputs for bench top uses and ome- SAVE HUNDREDS OF SSS BY UPGRADING JE664 EPROM PROGRAMMER appiations Input 115VAC, 50-60 Hz @ 3.0 amps Ouhxa: +5VDC @ 1,0 amp, MEMORY BOARDS YOURSELF! +12VDC 121.0 amp, -12VDC a 1.0 amp, +24VDC @ 2.5 amp, -24VDC a 2.5 amp & Most of IM popote. maman boards allow you to add an edditlonel 8K to 64K EPROMS - 24 28 Pin Packages Size: 15" L x 33/4" W x 2 %" H Weight. 2% lbs. 648, 128K. 192K, or 256K. Tb. 15584K K11 will populate These boards Omeleleh Sao-Gmained - Requins No Addtsewl Systems for Operation In 04K bels Ins .mens. The kit Is simple to install - lust insert the Programs and validates EPROMS -Checks for properly erased EPROMs AS1155 $39.95 I e4K RAM chips in the provided Sockets end set the two groups Emulates PROM. or EPROMs RS232C Computer Interface for editing and POWER SUPPLY +5VDC fe 7.6 AMP, 12VDC 1.5 of switches. Directions ere included. program loading Loads date onto RAM by keyboard Changes data in RAM e AMP SWITCHING Input 11 5060Ha /230vAC, by keyboard Loads RAM from an EPROM Compares EPROMs for content SW. e 3 amp b011a e 18 amp. Fen roll /power suCH, select eaitchea 1115 /230VAC) Output 5VDC e 7.6 amp. 12VOC e 1 5 amp 6 fool bloc; (Nine differences Copies EPROMs Power Input. 115VAC, 60H2, Mss Than 10W IBM64K 200ns 64K RAMS) $49.95 power cord Size 11151 x Bove e 3511 weight: 61bs. Power consumption Enclosure'. Color- coordinated, Ighl tan panels with molded end ple0R5 ln moche brown Size. 15ebL x ear-D x 3/2"H Weigle PS94VOS $39.95 TRS -80 MEMORY EXPANSION KIT 5R'a lbs. 16K, The E664 EPROM PP:granmar emote. arid programs verrous 861 Word EPROMS ran 1W lo KEPCO/TDK 4 -OUTPUT SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY TRS -80 to 32K, or 48K 1 = From 4K 16K Requires One Kit 64K.&I memory caperty Dale ar n a entered into the JE664S internal MO e 1311 RAM,n throe Ideal for disk drive needs of CRT terminals, microcomputers and Model to (1) ways. horn e ROM or EPROM, (23 tom eonnal computer via die aphmal JEycs RS232C Ito e video games Input: 115/230VAC. 50 /60Hz Output'. +5V @ 5 Amp, +12V @ Model 3 = From 41( to 48k Requires (3) Three Kits BUS; 13) from m paid keyboard The JE664's Mats may be accessed ke rnes,m purriSeS 1.8 Amp, +12V @ 2 Amp, -12V @ 0.5 Amp UL recognized CSA certifieo Color = From 4K to 16K Requires (1) One Kit led enema, microprnassor ln and Me km 6e pawl's sod. ban programming reranon. Sae: 7 %1. x 6- 3/16'W x 1 %M1I weight: 2 lbs. 500.11 qulpmd nin Espansen Bard up 10 Oa Two ens Required E604 allows la exanmsn, change and valoali n of Pogrom 01501 it. E664.1 RATA MRM Ore kit Required 11 ooh 16a of Expos. an te pmprammed quouy b all "1 "s la any value). Sbwnq )rad addresses in Me EPROM 174KF $59.95 - - ta te programmed bur rather necessity of "W' erasing. The E6f4 dspays Coto and TRS16K3 20ons for Color S Model III 012.95 AWRESs n convenient hexadecimal slphanunencl Damai. A "DISPLAY EPROM DATA' 4- CHANNEL SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY TRS- 16K4 .250ns for Model I $10.95 bono charges the DATA readout Iran RAM word ro EPROM wad and is displayed in IoM Microprocessor, minicomputer, terminal, medical equipment and process heudenmd and dory rade. the 1111 panel Tealures a rgnvenent operehng guile. The E604 control applications Input: 90- 130VAC, 47 -440Hz Output: +5VDC e 5A, Programme, Im]udes one JM16A Jumpn Module las caned tebwl -5VDC el A. +12VDC @1A, -12VDC @ IA Line regulations 0.2% Ripple: TRS -80 Color 32K or 64K Conversion Kit regulation: /1% Overcurrent protection Adj: 5V main JE664 -A ERIN Programmer $995.00 30mV p-p Load 10% Size: 64"L x 1 A'W x 4- 15/16M1í Weight: 1% lbs. Easy to install kits comes complete vdth 8 ea. 4164-21200ns) 64K Assembled a Tested (induces .104160 Module) output FCS -604A. $69.95 each dynamic RAMs and conversion documentation. Converts TRS -80 JEWS - 83232C SURFACE OPTION - The RS232C Interlace 006w implements color computers with D, E, ET F and NC cirait boards to 32K. mortar access lo tie JE664's RAM This allows tee computer to manipulate. More and Switching Power Supply for APPLE II, II+ & Ile'" Also converts TRS -80 color Computer II to 64K. Flex DOS or OS-9 anse EPROM dam ro and from me JE664. A sample program ulng,s supped in MwSIC rot required to utilize full 64K RAM on all computers. CP/M computers. CloronwaMon 5 ecedtu to adapr me software to clue computers em an Can drive four floppy disk drives and up to eight expansion cards TRS -64K2 $44.95 RS232 port. 9600 tad, aM word. odd pam0 and 2 slop tan Short circuit and overload protection Fits inside Apple compute' FOR A LIMITED TIME A SAMPLE OF SOFTWARE WRITTEN IN BASIC FOR Fully regulated +5V @ 5A, +12V st 1.5A. -5V 4 .5A. -12V aS .5A THE TRS -901 MODEL I, LEVEL Ii COMPUTER Witt ALSO BE PROVIDED Direct plug-in power cord included Size: 9 0 "L x 3 % "W x 21Á"H UV-EPROM Eraser JE664 -ARS une plq../JUS5 O Ile $1195 "00 Weight: 2 lbs. Assembled a Tented (includes At 160 Module) KHP4007 $79 "95 18 Chips 51 Minutes EPROM JUMPER MODULES - ireEe64's INFER eul IRrwnahly Moduler s e - I piug+n Module lea Iho E66M In the roter pogramn no pulsa to me EPROM and Peso $10.00 Minimum Order U.S. Funds Only Spec Sheets 30m each cohoures Ore EPROM sodel connection h that parka., EPROM - - California Residents Add 6 %% Sales Tax Send $1.00 Pos age for your Jai OM Shipping - Add 5% plus $1.50 Insurance FREE 1984 JAMECO CATALOG J^.r. a . ra 9aMwni _ Prices Subject o Change ------MOM4 2708t - --._Kn., we n n4 Send S.A.S.E. for Monthly Sales Flyer! I 1 Chlp - 37 Minutes I MIRA ink 11162S16 MI rn lowt, Ns, NR, n. ---- To. leed ornar Emcvnmu odder. Encas 2708, 2716, 2732, 2764. 251e. 2532. 256A. Erases up lo a chips Nail bas2n6svn Mob. p iu within 51 minutes 11 chip in 37 minutas). Maintains constant exposure A(r1a 11025.12 250 n wv. ap MasterCard distance of me Inch. Special conductive loam liner eliminates static Jrré 2712 m NEG build-up. Baill ln safely look to privent UV exposure Compact - only .meco 5.00' x aro" x 2.601. Complete with holding tray for 8 snips. JIRq tr. NV ruwu.,nM Sr so ELECTRONICS .M A Ma,axA ny Mom $14 P5 ls.lrN 1355 SHOREWAY ROAD, BELMONT, CA 94002 DE -4 UV -EPROM Eraser 579.95 .aerpi ta warms.. n4% UVS -11EL Replacement Bulb MSt56r 114. 5/84 PHONE ORDERS WELCOME - (415) 592.8097 Telex: 176043 ..E16.95J Circle No. 21 on Free Information Card

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com RATE: Ads are "try 3". 1 insertion: $935.00. 6 insertions: $900.00 ea. 12 insertions, $865.00 ea. Closing date: 1st of the 2nd mo. preceding cover date. Send order and remittance to Computer Mart, Computers & Electronic, Computer Mart 1 Park Ave.. N.Y., N.Y. 10016. Direct inquines to (212) 725-4215.

EPROM Eraser $44.90 PRINTER STAND COMMODORE 64 INTERFACING or DESK BLUE BOOK EPROM Programmer, $159, `Size; 27h x 24d x 27 "w. Written by a college professor In a friendly ano Black Painted Steel informative style. this book is a gold mine or 'Sh. Wt. 75 Lbs. practical information on how to build a variety ERASER 'Shipped Freight of useful interfaces for your computer Over 30 contains same fea- Collect $3995 projects interface. empetitors' 'Use Order No. including cassette printer but cost c less than 2A70585 interface, expansion bus, light pen, RS -232 e half their price interface. more user ports. thermometer erases up to 9 chips 6.4mu /mI chips FAN speech synthesizer and two other voice pro- chip drawer prevents UV exposure CONTROL jects. AID and D/A converters. 5 telephone to u s long life UV tube interfaces including a sophisticated voice mail erase time from I5 min Controls Speed Of project, motor AC controllers. power control AC MOTORS ! logic analyzer. capacitance meter. spectrum PROGRAMMER d. *PROGRAMS d COPIES: analyzer, home security system and many 2516, 2532, 2716, 2732, 2732A. ONLY $388 more $16.95 postpaid Foreign orders add S3 *4K INTERNAL RAM BUFFER STORAGE CAPACITY. 3for$10.00 for AIR MAIL shipping * NO PERSONALITY MODULE REQUIRED. Muffin Fans, Caravel Fans, Blowers, *POWER CAN BE REMOVED FROM ZIF SOCKET WHEN ETC... Good for 115/220 -VAC up to VIC 20 INTERFACING BLUE BOOK LOADING EPROM, 6 amps stall current. Control rated at *BINARY ADDRESS AND DATA DISPLAY. 1.6 30 hardware interfacing projects for the VIC amps. Size;14x2x1" Shaft mount - * INDEPENDENT UNIT - VERIFIES, PROGRAMS, INPUTS ing. Use Order No. 3BS0269. 20 Similar to the 64 book above. See what DATA FROM BINARY KEYBOARD, LOADS DATA FROM your VIC can do with a little interfacing EPROM TO RAM, AND CHANGES ANY BIT OF DATA. s1 n e5 postpaid *FI1LL 90-DAY GUARANTEE ON ALL PRODUCTS FOR mICr05igllal ANN FILFECTS IN MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP. BPIF Enterprises 119r FOSTER Dept. B. P.O. BOX 22 FPoLF.CTRONIBOxIIzCS CORP. 212_6855_6336 St. n ARGOV Peabody MA 01960 MILLWOOD. NY 10546 HARRISON, NJ 07029 TLX.: 421531 AR TO'I f1ee! (6171 531 -5774 40 Page Catalog w,.c -a na orders: Please add S, hand tun chafe Customer Pays All Shipping Charges. CIR LE NO. 96 ON REE INFORMATION CAR CIR L NI 97 ON FREE INFORMATION CAR, MODULES FOR 20 PROGRAMS TIMEX -Sinclair on 2 cassette tapes $14995 'MD -2B for 16K TS 1000, TS 1500, Best Prices On & ZX8I only -a- MOD ro TRS -80 Computers eT en a,Taaas- $19.95 aa-- all -°-- *for TS2068 C -64, VIC 20, ATARI, Our 6th year of discounts TRS COLOR & MC -10 only $29.95 Ed or Joe McManus S.ne money, learn about the exciting world of home computing and have fun doing it with the new 11061E - Fgt. Prepaid. Save Tax. PAC.'" MODEM The -PAC with 21 page user manual cover, Toll Free 800- 231 -3680 2 FREE HOURS COMPUSERVE HOME NOW BOTH ORGINATE AND ANSWER educational. graphics, recreational. home -finance & Marymac Industries, Inc. Send & Receive Programs by Phone uulip applications. Copy Information Into Memory, Print it. Review 22511 Katy Fwy., Katy It, Save It On Tape, Send Text From Memory. 10 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE Use Timex 2040 Printer or Any RS-232 Printer. (Houston) Tx 77450 RS-232 Printer Port Provided. Please add $2.00 shipping and handling to order. 1-713-392-0747 No extra Memory Required, But with 64K Memory You Can Store Up To 60 Full Screens. *SIMPLEX SOFTWARE Telex 774132 ADAPTABLE TO THE NEW 2068 BYTE -BACK CO ßìt. 3-Box Td7 Brodie Ad., 220 N. Centre St., Dept. CEI See as in the Wall Street Leesville, S.C. 29070 Ck. COD VISA M/C AM EXP Merchantville. N108109 Ph. 803- 532 -5612 Add $4.95 shipping to all orders MC. VISA & Checks Accepted !c.....a! Tnes Wert Thum 10 day money back purentee plus 90-dey minanty orders & inquiries frate computer Ope

CIRCLE NO. 98 ON FREE INFORMATION AR e

SAVE 90% INSfRUNMENT sP0256.AL2 IBMachine with a 40% plus In got a performance -8086 based Speech Synthesizer system with 128KB memory two RS232 Ports plus a COMMODORE 64 OR Centronics Port for -$235 Upgradable! TIMEX SINCLAIR

CPMachine -4MHz Z80A based COMPUTER ? 64KB memory, two RS232 Ports for - $120.00 16/32 bit commercial workhorse GET STARTED WITH a 68000 based, 128KB memory BOSS DISCOUNT three RS232 Ports for SOFTWARE - $265 Expandable! Floppy Interface $60, 25 x 80 CRTs $200, Software, Boards GAMES, BUSINESS, EDUCATION, TUTORIAL Parts and MORE! ROMs, WRITE FOR CATALOG FREE FREE DIGATEK CORPORATION CATALOG SUITE 7 Drive 2723 West Butler EULYN ENTERPRISES Phoenix AZ 85021 4N 650 RIDGEWOOD Why waste money on a Commodore, BENSENVILLE, IL., 60106 Atari, TI, etc. when a system with a future costs less? (312) 543 -4225

CIRCLE NO. 100 N FREE IN ORMATION CARD ion i= Al ,nr uni COCO Mir nCAA n',nkl n CIRCLE NO. 102 ON FREE INFORMATION CA `D

112 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com MN&

LEO ELECTRONICS, INC. It's simple... a 8921 S. Sepulveda a 208 Radio Shack TRS80TM Los Angeles, CA. 90045 Computers CALL & SAVE MONEY (213) 641 -3101 (800) 421 -2418 TLX: 664 -688 Interline LSA At Guaranteed Savings 1- 800 -841 -0860 PRICE ! UP TO 20% DISCOUNT QUALITY! COMPUTERS SERVICE! MONITORS PRINTERS RAMS CALL FOR BEST PRICES 4116 (150ns) 1.35 116K EPSON OI(RWA UPGRADE from kliEj 4116 1200ns1 1.25 1 Pan ®c© ' 4164 (15Ons) 4.95 1 ce.uxA 64K UPGRADE "'II 4164 (200ns) 4.75 1 American Frald,11 z 4u-a- t VMtavler 6116P -3 4.40 ::... Electronics WA EPROMS '117 Conway Ave Apr 011A ,Fi *WON% 2708 3.00 2532 4.50 Dept. CE 2716 3.20 2732 3.95 M.ssion. Texas 78572 Ph MICRO MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS TMS2716 4.75 2764 7.00 5121581 2766 Telex 767339 TELEMARKET DEPT # 1 ERMS: Check, Visa, Mastercard. Call for C.O.D. rw une 12 U.S Funds only. California residents add 6 %% sales tax oouters 2803 THOMASVILLE RD. EAST SHIPPING: Add $2.00 for Ground and $5.00 for Air. sA {r x CALL TOLL FREE ALL MAJOR MANUFACTURERS Pprpneral5 800-531-7466 CAIRO, GEORGIA 31728 ALL PARTS 100% GUARANTEED Pricing subject to change without nui,i,. GA 8 INFO 912 -377 -7120

CIRCLE NO. 703 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD IRCLE NO 104 ON FREE IN

.4=11=MM, -MICROSETTE TRS -80 COMM 51/4 -inch DISKETTES r(Jn11 Single or double sided, all double COMPUTER density (SSDD, DSDD). CD 3624 Soft sector, reinforced hub. DISCOUNTS ITEM 10 PACK 50 PACK Factory Direct SSDD $25 00 $100 00 Best Prices Anywhere DSDD 35 00 150 00 No Out -of -State Taxes CASSETTES Error -free computer grade. 100% Radio Shack Warranty Genuine Oak C -10 7.50 32.50 Free Price List C-20 9.00 39 00 Authorized TRS -80 Veneer Each C -60 11 00 50 00 $8995 C90 1500 70.00 SCOTT TASSO Completely Finished - Ready for Use UPS SHIPPING INCLUDED Excellent for Student, Home or Office in Continental USA ASSOCIATES Send name and address with check or money CA Customers add taxes 175 North Delsea Drive order for $89.95 per unit. Specify model no Add Vineland, N.J. 08360 $15.00 for castors Include $10.95 for prompt MICROSETTE CO. shipping Mall to C.F.M. 475 Ellis Mtn. View, 800 -257 -0426 P 0. Box 520652 San Lake City, UT 84152 St., MONEY BACK GUARANTEE _CA 94043 (415) 968-1604 NJ 609 -691.7100 A Division of G Timeless Computer Furniture Manufacturers CIRCLE NO. 105 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE NO. 106 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

BUILD YOUR OWN COMPUTER!!

1313000 BASED MULTI BUS COMPATIBLE KIT SALES maxell 4 BOARD SET INCLUDES: Floppy Discs

1 h SLOT MOTHER BOARD CPU CARD CALL NOW - TOLL FREE O +, r. UPD 755 FLOPPY CONTROL I ER 1 I.q,h RAM CARD POWER 1- 800 -328 -DISC Computers & Electronics riot

Hi PART' - Dealer inquiries invited. C.O.D.'s and t!ATICS i`.' t ASSEMBLY DRAWING` only sells itself at a nice profit, it

KT 1001 COMPUTER KIT I FLATBOARDS charge cards accepted. ONLY I S189 99 helps sell the hardware and soft- KT NI04 COMPUTER KIT 1 UNTESTED BOARDS POPULATED 1 $899.99

KT 1002 COMPUTER KIT I DOCUMENTATION ONLY 1 S 35.00 ware in your store too. Because All orders shipped from stock KT 1003 PAL FOR RAM BOARD S 16.99 KT 1005 CP M FOR KIT I INCLUDES 1 BIOS S 150.00 it goes home with customers and within 24 hours. Call toll FREE. continues to influence buying

WE CARRY A COMPETE LINE decisions long after you're closed OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS SEND FOR A FREE CATALOG "' for the day. Let's talk now. CALL COLLECT:

NICOMB ELECTRONICS (212) 725-7679 10010 CANOGA AVE UNIT B 8 E lr write: CHATSWORTH CALIF 91311 18181 341 8833 ZrjI Ziff-Davis Publishing North Hills Corporation One Park .Avenue 3564 Rolling View Dr. New York. NY 10016 White Beer Leke. MN 55110 1 -800- 328 -DISC )linimum order. Ill,.-piles M'e pay all shlppul), - f MN Call Collect 1 -612 -770 -0485 CIRCLE NO. 107 N FREE INF ` A N CA June1984 113

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com FilSAVE MORE AMAZING AVOIDERTM TimEPROMmer THAN EVER ON THE AVOIDER, THE INTELLIGENT ROBOT 3M Scotch° YOU BUILD YOURSELF You'll think the 21st century is here! DISKETTES xa il infra -red from The AVOWER s elet LIFETIME WARRANTY! Ironic censor detect obstacles In Its path Just like full -size robots. Japa- S a77 ! SAa9c9i nese i made AVOIDER walks and turns thanks to electronic controls Plus -all circuits and moving pads of $185eeD$235 the 472" x 4'h" x 5" robot are visible through the impact-resistant (7451 -. clear acrylic body Build this Intelligent robot from a complete kit of Oty. 20 Oty 20 ruality -made precision pads with easy i to -follow instructions No 51/4" S500 -96TPI (746) $2.60 ea ,nos tools needed' 5/a" 0500 -96TPI (747) 03.25 ea E. t'ROM PROGRAMMER REAL- TIME Cl.o cK 8' SSSD (740) $2.05 ea IDEAL STARTER KIT FOR INTELLIGENT 8" SSDD (741) 62.50 ea MACHINE ENTHUSIASTS -FUN, EDUCATIONAL, 111 the hest feature's for EPROM 8- DSOD (743) 53.10 ea. GREAT FOR GIFTS. Programming and a Real Time Calendar Shipping: 514' DISKETTES-Add $300 per 100 or fraction t lock fur S -IINI NOW! Not In any store limited thereof. 8' DISKETTES-Add $4.00 per 100 or fraction ORDER avalable Supplies All Eprom types troth 7708 to 2764 thereof. OTHER ITEMS: Shipping charges as shown In 1

addition to diskette shipping charges Payment VISA or YES' flush me _AVOIDER kits so I can build my own intelligent ZIF Socket, Port Addressable MasterCard. COD orders only. add $3.00 Taxes: Illinois robob(sl !comprehensive Menu driven software customers, please add 8% including Source 9 AM -5 PM Central Time Name Hours' Socketted Lithium Battery backup For fast service call Address Nationwide: 1- 800 -621 -6827 Call or send for literature package VISA, In Illinois: 312 -944 -2788 City State Zip MASTERCARD, COD Accepted Assembled and Tested $295, Kit $195 DISK WORLD! Check. money order enclosed for $. handling 'Sate 4806 30 East Huron Street Chrcago, Illinors 60611 (Include $2 50 charge) OPTRONBCS 716-377 -0369 2990 Atlantic Ave. Authorized Distributor Allow 3.4 weeks tor delivery Penfield, NY 14 526 Information Processing Products 311 Send to S.M. Robotics. 759 Boylston St Chestnut Hill MA 00157 CIRCLE NO. 108 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

PROMPT DELIVERY!!!' ICs SAME DAY SHIPPING (USUALLY ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS DYNAMIC RAM DISKETTES 256K 200 ns $59.90 64K 200 ns 5.87 64K 150 ns 5.99 3M 64K 120 ns 7.50 Call Toll -Free 16K 200 ns 1.15 1- 800 -328 -DISC for prices and infor- EPROM mation. Dealer inquiries invited. 27128 300 ns $22.50 C.O.D. and charge cards accepted. 2764 250 ns 9.25 2732 450 ns 8.50 All orders shipped from stock, within 24 2716 450 ns 3.60 hours. Call toll FREE 2532 450 ns 4.75 STATIC RAM 6264P -15 150 ns $42.00 6264LP-15 150 ns 44.00 MANUFACTURERS OF QUALITY `6116P -3 150 ns 6.56 ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OVER 15.000 DIFFERENT ITEMS IN STOCK' MasterCard VISA or UPS CASH COD Factory New, Prime Parts 111) North Hills Corporation MICROPROCESSORS UNLIMITED :1:.64 Rolling View Dr. MOUSER ELECTRONICS 24 000 So,.tn Peoria Ave (918) Bear Lake, MN 11433 WOODSIDE AVE.. SANTEE. CA 92071 BEGGS OK 74421 267.4961 White 55110 cas tor ISM 1 -800- 328 -DISC PHONE (619) 449-2222 TWx- 910-331 -1175 a La cu el e lume pf a ua a cna Prease af «:.ZIamrs MN Call Collect 1- 612 -770 -0485 r r áM'c,e e s«,. sinon óá,.i ...,.. v ce x,..,.

t G IHL:Lt NU. 1 U`J UN PPE tt INhUHMA I NOV i.Anu CIRCLE NO. 10 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

Now available For the computer experimenter! COMPUTER CONNOISSEUR'S DELIGHT! Now we can make any computer *MICROCOMPUTER *'' r1Tri II, no F4'I' 45SORTMEN I () SIX FOR sing as well as talk, for only $219.

MOUB O COMPU to PROGRAMS! TOO MANY TO LIST HERE LEARN NOW O RECEIVE VERY USEFUL PULI DOMA. L, 9UCN AS T "MOW SWEEP DO 'LIBm As featured in Ciarcia s BUSINESS EET "MERLE ", ETC. UNIQUE EBT VERSIONS OFO NDNS, SPACE INVADERS, ADVENTURE. START ETC. Circuit Cellar -WILLWILL ENNAN OF H Ia EO ALMOST CAPABILITIES AND ALLOW YOU TO PLAY ON ALMOST BYTE Magazine ANY COMPUTER. MAtNEMATICB. ASTROLOGY, ASTRONOMY TOO'. SOFTWARE September. NPULIBMEO MATERIAL (te one you've all October 1982 been waiting ¡or= Microvox. MEDICAL MGMT... MICROVOX .5 a complete y _set co ea' F7 prole ss, COMICS voice quality text- to-speecn synlne4zer MICROVOX DENTAL MGMT... may Se easily Interfaced to any compiler modem DIRECTORY RS232C serial or parallel output device LISTING FT- 11 )ll(('l 6502 M croprocessor based text -to- speech algorithm INSURANCE AGENT WORKS SC -OIS phoneme based speech Synthesi,o' PUBLISHED MONTHLY 54 Crystal controlled inflection levels LEGAL BILLING AC- CESS ONE TEAR AOCRPTION $14.00 3000 character buffer CODES (SAMPLE COPY 82.00) 'f' ?32C and parallel port Interface,. PROPERTY board power supply MGMT.. COMPUTEL-the complete SOURCE for everyone. Music and sound effects capability You can now do the things you've only heard about. AND MUCH MORE ! right in the privacy of your own home. Indispensable MVO1 MlcrovOr Assembled 8 Tested $299.00 relerence to phreaks and hackers. Learn how to get MV02 Microvns complete kit 5219.00 all kinds of computer programs FREE. Get the inside story of big businesssyst5ms -their quirks and flaws To Order Call Toll FreF remain to with vital within INTERNATIONAL -and up date occurrences ' E 800- 6453479 UNIVAIR the computer is a publication de- industry. Computel In N.Y. 1-516-374-6793 Road signed for everyone who has an intense curiosity 01 4 9024 St. Charles Rock computer systems, containing a wealth of hard to find MICROMINT. INC. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63114 information, codes, and numbers. Published monthly 561 Willow Avenue 161 Compute' Publishing Society CPS Cedarhu'sI NY 11516 (314)426 -1099 6354 VAN NUYS BLVD. / VAN NUYS, CA 91401

CIRCLE NO. 1 1 1 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE NO. t 12 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE NO 1 13 ON FREE INFORMATION CARL)

114 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com COMMODORE 64* PROGRAM EXPANDER BOARDS PLUGS INTO BACK OF COMPUTER. PLACE MOST -`#gLit ANALOG I/O BOARD i USED PROGRAMS ON EXPANDER BOARD -TURN THE SWITCH ON TO THE For Zommodore 84, TRS80 Color, Apple, Timex, A HAPPY HANDS FROG. YOU WANT, PRESS most any with port RESET BUTTON TO computer memory 8 channels START PROGRAM. KEEPS ALL ND A 8 channels D/A 1.8 convert time. YOUR FAVORITE VS ND OFFERS DISCOUNTS ON ALL PROGRAMS AT YOUR FINGERTIP 8 bit res. Easy to program. Box A cable available. PRE -TESTED GUARANTEED TO WORK $220. I PROGRAM EXPANDER BOARD RETAIL $39 ORDERIDEI11744 COST Software forCommodore64& Board TRS -80 SCOPE 6 PROGRAM EXPANDER BOARD RETAIL S49 °l' -N°'B Dual traca ORDER 1DEI54116 COST nota 258 sam- 5 PROGRAM COMPUTERS EXPANDER BOARD RETAIL eIÌ117n-I- I des taken ORDER $DEI10278 $59 COST HI II111eIlIe!!R t -Oa at rates For T to g55 ' ell IIN'PII'L' c s- horn 3 to 0raéréa -15655 115ffT OE 6 HAN- Ill MIIÍ l'elomi. AA., DLING CHARGES. 1000Up- Postage is incl. m lI1IIMMMIMMIM 72000 HZ Trigger * Free Shipping in U.S. NO. DEI11744 ADD $2.00 Per Unit cursor. DiskA printer NO. utilities Avenging. DE154116 ADD $3.00 Per Unit Usable subroutines. * NO Tax on Out of State NO. DE110278 ADD $4.00 Per Unit ** "t`i4 "r5 rBACKSHELL FOR F.F.T. Orders 12/24 CARDAGE CONNECTOR - USER PORT Eat 128 poc COVER FOR VIC -20' a COM. 64* tram line 1ßO0- 29,999 = 800EÁ. * Lowest Prices 30,0(!0- 59999=75CEa. H=Wo VI 60,000- 99,999 =650Ea 100,000UP= 65CEa. ** FOR HARDWARE ADD 201 PER UNIT sample free Mag A * *TERMS:30% DOWN 6 BALANCE COD. ALLOW phase done nl eed 6 Wks. Needs CPM card Call Toll Free: DELIVERY. KS. Residents ADD 3% SALES TAX. WITH APPROVED CREDIT ONLY! Scope A FFT on disk w /manual $85. 1- 800 -545 -9019 DEALER 6 DISTRIBUTER PRICE LIST AVAIL- Similar software for TIMEX on EPROM $85. ABLE UPON or write: REQUEST. Please call or write for FREE CATALOG 'COMMODORE 64 and VIC -20 is a trade HAPPY HANDS mark of Commodore Bus. Machines, Inc. CALL OR SEND YOUR ORDER TODAY TO: P.O. Drawer I ( omputer« DYNAMIC ELECTRONICS INC. (316)264 -8636 y Ruidosa, N.M. 88345 1621 S. SENECA WICHITA,KS. 67313 301 Sixteenth Avenue COMMODORE: 64* PROGRAM San Francisco. CA 94118 14 1 51 752-6294 ` EXPANDER BOARDS / CIRCLE NO. 114 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD IRCLE NO 115 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

GREAT DISKETTES POWER LINE PROBLEMS? SPEECH Super low prices SYNTIHrESI icigi SAVE $$ SYNCOM Z. % f ONLY The low priced, high duality diskette with a LIFETIME WAR TIMEX RANTY. Packed in polybags of 10 with Tyvek envelopes, labels and reinforced hubs. VIC2O One of the best buys we've seen. APPLEII ea. 51 /eSSDD $18 SPIKE- SPIKERSIM...The Solution! RF noise UNID E VOCABULARY $69 $1 9 5 Minimize equipment damaging spikes and conducted AM PLIFIER BUILT 51/43 " DSDD ea. II to or from sensitive equipment. Transient surge protection e + SPEAK E R lops 20 I OTT 20 INPUT FO-- -M :I plus low pass RFI hash filtering. All units 120V 15A. OTHER GREAT VALUES: SMART SPEECH DISKETTE 70 -Holds 70 514' diskettes in dust free MINI II $44.95 RECOGNITION safety $14.95 ea. + $3 00 Shpng EARS! Well Mount DISK CADDIES -Flip up style holds 10 5'A' diskettes 3 -stage filter SPEECH $1.65 ea. + .20 Shpng. INPUT 2 sockets FOR ABOVT Shipping: 514' DISKETTES -Add $3.00 per 100 or trac- LISTED tion thereof. OTHER ITEMS: Shipping charges as shown in QUAD II $59.95 COMPUTERS addition to diskette shipping charges. Payment: VISA or MC mount. - G OTHERS CALL Well Dual 3 stage filter r COD orders only, add $3.00. Taxes: Illinois customers, DELUXE SOME NEED 1.01 Hugely successful Speech Recognilpn $79.95 sockets A light please add 8 %. ystem. complete .4m mscropMMie, Dual 5 -stage filtered software and lull Insuuctwns Nationwide: 1- 800 -621 -6827 main. 8 switch sockets I BUILT TESTED s GUARANTEED SYNTHESIS In Illinois: 1- 312 -944 -2788 main switch, fuse. light Wi n,mum Orde 535 CC STEREO +16LIN CON Kayla Electronics Co., Inc. Order Factory Direr i PLAY 3 ART MUSeC, EFECT,ORUMB SECT WE WILL BEAT ANY NATIONALLY ADVERTISED PRICE, VO PO- TO CONTROL ROB -T a4Bnr DISK WORLD! 6584 Ruch Rd.. Dept C F 215-$37-0700 e i 5 Suite 4806 30 East Huron Strip Chicago IlIinm6 60611 Bethlehem. PA 18017 AUDIO VISION o_ ECH CHIP SX -01 $a6 Out of State 1279 N. NORMANDIE 0(61151 INVITED 1800- 524 -0400 LOS ANO51.55, 4 90027 ( 213 1 B B O B121 7 4 PA Res Add I COD odd S3 00 + Shpp'N

CIRCLE NO. 116 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD I:IHI;Lt NV. 1 17 V VHMA I ION C;

TOTAL 'y 2i ax SC-01 A SALES CONTROL SPEECH SYNTHESIZER For the $42 Each Timex -Sinclair ($32 in POWER Computer ar r4*Ttr hundreds) Microsystems not only sells itself Order in Ones or Thousands at a nice profit, it helps sell the Is a completely hardware and software in your The SC -01A Speech Synthesizer sell- contained solid state device. This single chip store too. Because it goes home phonetically synthesizes continuous speech of with customers and continues to unlimited vocabulary. influence buying decisions long Computer interfaces and tent -to- speech algorithms after you're closed for the day. also available for product development. Let's talk now. Micromint is the largest U.S. distributor of the CALL COLLECT: SC -01A. Call us for a price quote. Nknnk+?uw Tested Bur L 5174.05 Ca111- 800-645 -3479, in N.Y. 1-516-374-6793 (212) 725-7679 Bere Board $40.55 I/O MICROMINT INC. Or write: 10 Imes IN 16 Imes OUT TERMS: Check or Money Order Avenue Ziff -Davis Publishing Reel Tlese Cleek /Celeede. Celli. Res. Add 6% 561 Willow a, n Bariery Baca up SHIPPING: Inside U.S. 55.00 Cedarhurst, NY 11516 Anaemia ByNel Outside U.S. 510.00 I One Park Avenue cewewa 4 channel - B bes New York. NY 11018 AN NeeVelltele RAM HAM ,111,51,M ® Oit p0 eps HIïnimum order, 10 copäes.lWe pay all shggnl.r Com ...M. whir Esc cA seo,z3295 Add 52.00 for o51e19l1n v,. shipping A Aandlmg

V. 1 lö VfV r'HCt INrVHMHI IVIV L.Hr1U CIRCLE NO ' ! 9 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD June1984 115

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Computers &Electmnics Marketplace CLASSIFIED RATES: Per Word. 15 Word Minimum. COMMERCIAL: $5.00 PERSONAL: $3.00. EXPAND -AD': $7.50. Ads set in all bold type @ 20% premium. Ads set with background screen @ 25 °0 premium. DISPLAY: 1" x 21/4 ", $605.00. 2" x 21/4 ", $1,165.00 3" x 21/4 ", $1,675.00. GENERAL INFORMATION: Frequency rates and prepayment discounts available. Payment must accompany order except credit card -Am. Ex., Diners, MC, VISA (include exp. date) -or accredited ad agency insertions. Copy subject to publisher's approval; must be typewritten or printed. First word set in caps. Advertisers using P.O. Boxes MUST supply permanent address and telephone number. Orders not acknowledged. They will appear in next available issue after receipt. Closing date: 1st of the 2nd month preceding cover date (e.g., Mar. issue closes Jan. 1). Send order & remittance to: Classified Advertising, COMPUTERS & ELECTRONICS Magazine, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016. To Charge your ad to a major credit card, call Lois Price at (212) 725 -4312. FOR SALE SATELLITE TELEVISION COMPLETE SYSTEMS. $2.00 for catalog. Write: Sunspur Sales, P.O. Box 32245 A -6, Frid- GOVERNMENT and industrial surplus receivers, trans- ley, MN 55432. mitters, snooperscopes, electronic parts, Picture Cata- CABLE TV log 25 cents. Meshna, Nahant, Mass. 01908. Buy Direct 8 Save BUILD AND SAVE. TV EARTH STATION, DETECTIVE SUPER SPECIALS Video ELECTRONICS. Recorders, Color Cameras, ad- Record telephone conversations in your vanced Telephone Projects. BROADCAST Electronics. 50 =1 = office or home. Connects between any page color catalog of unusual electronic projects AIR cassette or tape recorder and your 4e CHANNEL Or telephone telephone MAILED $3 00. with 3 hour audio cassette dramatization or LINE Starts CONVERTER automatically when phone is answered. of our catalog $5.00 Don Britton Enterprises, PO Drawer i s2995 Records both sides of phone conversation G, Waikiki, Hawaii 96815. Advanced Solid State design and cir- Stops recorder when phone is hung up Each cuitry allows you to receive mid 8 This device is not an answering service $19.95 RECONDITIONED TEST EQUIPMENT $1.00 for catalog. super band channels Restores pro- ply Doc Avail WALTER S TEST EQUIPMENT, 2697 Nickel, San Pablo, CA grammmg to Video Recorders. 94806,(415)724 -0587 36 CHANNEL Super Powerful REMOTE CONTROL ELECTRONIC CATALOG Over 4.500 items. Parts. & com- ItU CABLE CONVERTER Wireless Mic 569es ponents Everything needed by the hobbyist or techni- 10 times more powerful than other mics. cian. $2 00 postage & handling (United States Only), JERROLD 400 Transmits up to '4 mile to any FM radio refundable with first $15.00 order. T & M Electronics. 472 THE ULTIMATE CABLE TV Easy to assemble kit. 15V battery (not incl.) CONVERTER Call (305) 725-1000 or sand 519.95. 51.00 shipping per East Main St , Patchogue. NY 11772. (516) 289 -2520. CHANNEL Nem to USI Corp., P,O.Bos CE 2052, Melboume,FL 32901. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS, your artwork. Quick deliv- NFRARED COD's sough FOr catalog of tranumitters,vwice scramblers REMOTE and other specialty items. enclose $2.00 to USI Corp ery Reasonable. Atlas Circuits. Box 892, Lincolnton, NC CONTROL 28092 (704)735 -3943. ay5129es POLICE CODE UNSCRAMBLERS, lets you hear the coded Send 55 for Compiete Catalog CABLE TV SECRETS, the informative publication the ca- messages of Police, Fire and Medical channels; plus other DIRECT VIDEO SALES scanner accessories, satisfaction guaranteed. ONE Inc., P.O. BOX 132g ble companies are trying to ban. HBO, Movie Channel, Rt. 7. Box 257-A, Hot Springs. AR 71901 (501) 623 -6027. JEFFERSONVILLE, INDIANA 47130 Showtime converters, etc. Send $8.95 to: CABLE FACTS, CALL CABLE TV CONVERTERS & EQUIPMENT. Plans and 14312.21M47116 Box 711 -PE, Pataskala, Ohio 43062. parts. Build or buy. For more information send $2.00: C GEARMOTORS $35.00. 12VDC(6 -36) 60 RPM 1/6 HP. In- & D ELECTRONICS INC., P.O. Box 21, Denison, MI 49428. structions. Also speed controls. Drives robots, antenna doors, gates, carts Sepac, 625 NW 41 Street. Seattle, WA FREE FLYER! ICs, resistors, capacitors, jacks. etc.. plus 98107. SSM music synthesizer /audio IC's, power amp modules, analog delay IC's, computer books, and more. Also plans RF MODULATORS for SATELLITE TELEVISION, MICRO- for analog delay/chorus unit! PGS Electronics, Route 25, *`t M MICROWAVE COMPUTERS CCTV. Also monitors, cameras, kits. FREE x, r * :rr.wxrx,trwx :r,r+r +xx,' Box 304 Terre Haute, IN 47802. +x VIDEO CATALOG. Phone (402) 987 -3771. Dealers Wel- Complete Antenna Systems from 16995 comed. ATV RESEARCH, 13 -P Broadway, Dakota City, NE 68731. Full 800 Mhz Range Worlds Most Remarkable Radar Jammer! 12 SATELLITE DISH AND POLAR MOUNT. Total weight N Tune 1.9 -2.7 Ghz 125 -Ibs. For $189.00. For information send $4.95 (Re- Includes fundable u.p.) to: Satellite Operational Systems, P.O. Box all /0111, ITFS 2002, Titusville, FL 32781. Channels GOLD STAR CABLE TV products. Jerrold, Hamlin and Oak, send $3.00 DEALERS WANTED to ADDITIONAL OUTLET CORP 111 E. Commercial Blvd., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33334. COOs and Credit Card Philips Instruments Orders call TOLL FREE PRINTED CIRCUIT ARTWORK, DESIGN /LAYOUT. Qual- PO.B. 635. Causes speed radar guns and devices to read out your choice o1 either a ity, prompt. SOMMER CIRCUIT DESIGN. NresMa90 of your bas tame when in automatic mode (example' Your 1- 800 -247 -1151 'Wooster. OH 44691 VISA /MC (216) 263 -6930. speed, 76 mph, mode set for 75%. speed mph), or we TELE auto displayed-57 SILVER speed that you dial in when in manual mode. Transmits only in the presence of STAR PAY -TV RECEPTION. HBO. Showtime, Cinemax. 'How -To' radar. STAR speed or by manual override Operates on be X ad K bands NJ WARNING The device described in this literature is not legal for use against Book $4.95. Diptronics, Box 80(66). Lake Hiawatha, police radar. and is not FCC approved. 07034.., For complete literature and package. send $14.95 to'. plan STAR II FREE 1984 COMPUTER FURNITURE CATALOG. 20 PhiHips Instrument Design Co., Inc. GALAXY Over 9560 S. W Barbur Blvd , Suite w 109 CE manufacturers. Never a shipping charge Visa /MC. Inte- Portland. Oregon 97219 ELECTRONICS rior Design Systems, 3641 -CE St. Mary's Place NW, VISA OR M/C ORDERS ONLY (503) 626 -6764 6009 N. 61 Avenue Washington, D.C. 20007. Glendale, AZ 85301 ALARM EQUIPMENT -Burglar, Holdup. Fire. Medical. We Easy Fast 1 -602- 247 -1151 prewire installation! Wholesale prices. police notification service -Nationwide; Catalog $1.00 U.S. DE- TECTION, 109 21st. South, Birmingham. Alabama 35233. MICROWAVE ANTENNA SYSTEMS BUILD AND SAVE. TV EARTH STATION, DETECTIVE HARD TO FIND lightbulbs thousands types buy. sell. Jetco, P.O. Box Freq 2 1 lo 2.6 GHz 34 db Gaon ELECTRONICS Video Recorders, Color Cameras. ad- 8755. Newport Beach, CA 92656. vanced Telephone Projects. BROADCAST Electronics 50 COMPLETE SYSTEMS las pictured) RECONDITIONED FAX, G -2, hand -operation. with paper. 40' Rod Style sag 95 page color catalog of unusual electronic projects AIR Commercial $385.00 C &F USA per unit. For more information write: Parabolic 20' Dish Style $7995 MAILED $3.00: with 3 hour audio cassette dramatization Musashino Machine Co., Ltd., Minami- Hanahata 3 -7 -13, of our catalog $5.00. Don Britton Enterprises, PO Drawer TWO YEAR WARRANTY Adachi-ku, Tokyo 121, Japan. PARTS AND LABOR G, Waikiki, Hawaii 96815. DESIGN AND BUILD YOUR COMPUTER. Your hardware, CALL OR WRITE FOR KITS PARTS FREE! 1984 CATALOGUE. 1001 bargains. Speakers- parts- INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS software, language. Not a kit or course. Complete details $1.00 RFS 828 Wood St. Statesville, NC 28677. We Repair All Types Down tubes -video cassettes - record changers -tape re- Converters & Power Supplies corders -kits. EVERYTHING IN ELECTRONICS. Write: CABLE TV EQUIPMENT, Notch filters for "Beeping" Chan- nels. Information $1.00. Goldtoast, Box 63/6025 CE. Mar- McGEE RADIO & ELECTRONICS, 1901 McGee Street, Phillips -Tech C gate, Florida 33063 (305) 752 -9202. Kansas City, MO 64108 -1891. Electronics SECRET TECHNICAL INFORMATION' concerning elec- P.O. Box 34772 TV & RADIO TUBES, 590 each. Send for free catalog. Cor- tronic investigative techniques and countermeasures. P808014. AZ 85067 nell, 4213 University, San Diego CA 92105. Catalog $3.00. A.TI.S., 61 Gatchell, Buffalo. NY 14212. 16021967 -6972 COO'S PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS. QUICK PROTOTYPES pro- FREE CATALOG! UTILITIES, games, amateur radio soft- Special Quantity Pricing Dealers Wanted duction, design, reflow solder. Send print or description for ware for VIC -20, Commodore 64, TI/99/4A. RAK Elec- quote to: KIT CIRCUITS, Box 235, Clawson, MI 48017. tronics, Box 1585, Orange Park, FL 32067.

116 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com FREE Commodore- 64/T199 -4A /VIC -20 /Timex /TRS80- PROTECT COMPONENTS FROM THEFT, install easy to COMPUTER EQUIPMENT /PARTS COCO programs! Send stamps! Ezra Ezra Company, Box make security device. Send $5.50 for plans. Vanguard Se- 5222 -CJU, San Diego, California 921005. curity Co., P.O. Box 35101, Detroit, MI 48235. SAVE 90% Build Your Own Minicomputer. Free Details. Di- TI -99/4A gatek, 2723 West Butler Dr.. Suite 20C, Phoenix, AZ 85021. OWNERS. Get your free catalog of new, exciting, AUTOMATIC FIRE JOYSTICK VIC 20/64, Atari, etc. Sim- low cost software. D.E., Box 690, Hicksville, NY 11801. ple assembly for less than $5.00. Send SASE for infor- FREE 64 PAGE COMPUTER CATALOG crammed full of mation or $2.00 for complete plans. Dyes, PO Box 1567, HARD TO FIND SOFTWARE/HARDWARE for Apple II thousands of the best buys and lowest prices around! A.P. /E, Media, Pennsylvania 19063. Macintosh, COMPUTER PRODUCTS, Dept. EC, 214A East Main, Atari, TRS-80, TI 994/A, Vic20, Commodore 64, Patchogue, NY 11772. (516) 654 -8811. IBM PC /JR, AHOS, Sinclair, DEC, NEC, S -100, Northstar, Kaypro, to over 33% off. Over 3000 items, hard disk /print- MAILING LISTS USED COMPUTER terminals, printers, modems, cables, ers, business /educational software /650 games, $1000 off surplus COMPUTER SHOW ATTENDEES N.Y., N.J.: 15,000 electronic parts. Specials: CRT's $20.00, Mo- NEC Spinwriter 7710- $2085, Amdek Color I -$289, PFS: f ile- NAMES. $30 /M. P/S labels. For info, dems $20.00. Modems $35.00. Catalog $1.00. Rondure $84, Lotus 1-2-3-$329, Flight Simulator II-36.50, Zaxxan- (201) 297-2526. Company, "The Computer Room" PO Box 35566 Dallas, $27. Free Flyer. Send $2.00 for extensive 84 catalogue, FREE MAILING LIST analysis. Details. GOC -4N, Box 1107. TX 75235.(214)630 -4621. stamps okay, or call (714) 962 -0112. For specials specify Stuart, FL 33494. (305) 334-5205. computer. JP Instruments & Computers, PO Box 7033, 48K APPLE COMPATIBLE COMPUTER: US $380.00 and Huntington Beach, CA 92615. 3,100+ computer stores with telephone numbers. Intelli- hundreds of programs. Details US $1.00. Reliant, P.O. Box gent Tool Company, PO Box 44047, Las Vegas, NV 89104. 33610, Sheungwan, Hong Kong. SOFTWARE BARGAIN! VIC -20, Commodore 64, Apple, (702) 459-8428. Atari, TI. 10 adventure filled, colorful game programs for COMPUTERS, CLONES, DRIVES, monitors, expansions, $2.00. (Spritewrite, lasertrace, Timplex, Gladiator, etc.) software bargain prices- directory of manufacturer's in WANTED + secrets of arcade programming. Specify Computer, Taiwan. Hong Kong, $4.00. Multitek, Box 25, Allentown, PA Program PO 181205. Brokers, Box 1796, MHFS, NY NY 10016. GOLD, electronic, circuit board scrap, silver, platinum, DISCOUNT SOFTWARE/HARDWARE-30% minimum be- tantalum, mercury. Ores, metals assayed. Samples eval- WANT A PLEASANT SURPRISE? Call or write for quotes: uated. Wholesale Terminal, toll free 1- 800-932 -1010, (617) low retail. Apple 11 /11 +, Atari 400 /800/XL, TI- 99/4A, Vic - Atari, Commodore, Timex, TI., Corona (IBM work -alike), 326 -3442 in Mass. 20, Commodore 64, IBM /PC. Gemini -10X $275.00, Oki - Amdek, Gemini, Apple & IBM accessories, Hayes, More. data 92P $445, Epson RX -80 F/T $380.00. Flight GET SURPRISED! HARDWARE SOFTWARE ANYWARE simula- AUTHORS! Major publisher of popular how -to computer tor II $37.50, Zork I /II /III $26.50 each. TI extended basic CO., 10 Coles Street, Brooklyn, NY 11231, (212) 596 -3592. books seeks manuscripts. Send sample chapters. out- $77.50. Direct connect printer interfere; TI $85.00, Atari line, to: Acquisitions Compusoft Publishing, 535 Broad- SANYO COMPUTERS, stereos, equipment cost plus 10%. $69.50. Send $1 (stamps okay) for extensive software/ way, El Cajon, CA 92021. Rebatable price sheet $5.00. SMS Dist. Center, Box 1904, hardware catalog. Specify computer system. Multi -Video Fargo, ND 58107. Services, Box 246, East Amherst, NY 14051. (716) 688- DONATIONS OF COMPUTER EQUIPMENT needed by Tax 0469 (5 -9 P.M.). Exempt non-profit for vocational training program. J -CAP, P.O. Box # 148, Central Station, Jamaica, New York, 11435. COMPUTER SOFTWARE COMPUTER PUBLICATIONS FREE VIC -20 and COMMODORE GOVERNMENT SURPLUS 64 USERS GROUP "DISK DRIVE MANUAL." -Drive Alignment, Speed MEMBERSHIP with software purchase. Why pay to be- IS IT TRUE YOU CAN BUYJEEPS FOR $44 THROUGH THE long Adjustment, Maintenance, Repair -Without to a users group when you don't have to? Benefits: Special U.S. GOVERNMENT? Get the facts today! Call (312) 742- Newsletter, extensive club library, discounts, contests, Software, Equipment. Comprehensive, 15,000+ 1142 Ext. 4649. questions hot -line and more! Free details -(803) 797 -1533. Lords of Basic, P.O. words. $15. Brochure $1. CONSUMERTRONICS, 2011 Box 459, Dept. 102 Ladson, SC 29456. TUBES Crescent, Alamogordo, NM DISKETTE FORMAT CONVERSIONS /DOWNLOADING, 88310. from $5.00. Port -A -Soft, 423 #800 N, Orem, UT 84057. 801 / MICRO MOONLIGHTER NEWSLETTER -our third year TUBES: "Oldies ", Latest. Supplies, components, schematics. 226-6704. of home computer business resources! Sample $3.00. Catalog Free (stamp appreciated). Steinmetz, 7519 - PE Dept. CC, 4121 Buckthorn Court, Lewisville, TX 75028. Maplewood, Hammond, Ind. 46324. TI -99/4A PROGRAMMERS: Affordable Software! Cata- log, only $1. PROGRAMS SOFTWARE, 1435 Burnley HUGE INVENTORY! Thousands of types. Wholesale Square North. Columbus, Ohio 43229. COMPUTER CLUBS prices. FREE CATALOG! ETCO Electronics, DEPT. 290, Plattsburgh, NY 12901. TS 1000, ZX81, TI 99/4A, VIC -20 SOFTWARE. Send for Commodore -64 software 40% off, Free Programs FREE Catalog: Midwest Software, 9922 Harwich, Crest- Newsletter, Rent Software, more! Membership $12.00 TUBES -RECEIVING, Industrial and Semiconductors Fac- wood, MO 63126. yearly. CCAE, PO Box 784C, Bronx, NY 10473. (212) 409- tory Boxed. Free price sheet including TV, radio and audio 0717. parts list. TRANSLETERONIC, INC., 1365 39th St., Brook- TI -99/4A SOFTWARE BARGAIN! Complete library of 100 lyn, NY 11218. Telephone: (212) 633 -2800. Toll free: (800) programs. Only 50. each! Free catalog. Exchange, PO Box COMPUTER GRAPHICS 221 -5802. Ask for Abe. 46, Sterling, VA 22170. AVL computer graphics & programming systems. Slide, TV & RADIO TUBES, 59 each. Send for FREE CATALOG. TI -99/4A CASSETTE CABLES $16.71 (Extended Basic, Motion, Overhead, Video, & Audio equipment & supplies. Cornell, 4213 University, San Diego, CA 92105. Logo, Mini -memory $88.11 each!), PHP1250 Drive $210.94. Rentals & Staging. Custom Graphics. Slides & Presenta-

CSC, Box 1361, Bloomington, IL 61702 -1361. (309) NEW 1 828- tions. ORIENT MEDIA -IL. -(800) 223-9473, 1 -(312) PERSONALS 3251. 428 -6000.

RENT PUBLIC DOMAIN SOFTWARE. It's not copy- UNIVERSITY DEGREES BY MAIL! Bachelors, Masters, righted, no fees to pay. Copy hundreds of useful business, COMPUTER FURNITURE Ph.Ds. Free revealing details. Counseling, Box 317 -EP6, utility and game programs from our rental libraries onto BUILD YOUR OWN COMPUTER WORKSTATION. Under your own computer at home! SASE NATIONAL PUBLIC $20. Fast, easy, without elaborate tools! Free details. Easy - Tustin, California 92680. DOMAIN LIBRARY, 1062 Taylor, Vista, CA 92083. (619) 941- Made, Box 31636, Seattle, WA. 0925. MAKE FRIENDS WORLDWIDE through international correspondence, COMMODORE illustrated brochure free. Hermes-Verlag, TI -99/4A SOFTWARE: Programs for astronomy, Mathe- 64 Box 110660/Z, D -1000 Berlin 11, W. Germany. matics, Finance, Education. Send 40' for catalog East- VIC 20/C64 DATASETTE SCHEMATICS, PARTS LISTS, FREE: WORLD'S LARGEST PARTNER PHOTO CATALOG bench Software, 1290 Cliffside Drive, Logan, UT 84321. layouts. All versions $7.95 COMPUCLINIC 766 Tower Ave., for friendship and marriage. Personalized introductions. Cedarburg, WI 53012. TI -99/4A "99 -CALC" Electron'c Spreadsheet Program in INTERCONTACT, Box 12, Toronto, Canada M4A 2M8. Extended Basic, 16K. Cassette Instructions and $20.00 p.p. TIMEX /SINCLAIR P.C. Barnes, 24631 Via San Fernando, Mission Viejo, CA INSTRUCTION 92692. TREE FORTH for the 2K+ Sinclair User -$49.95. Multi- tasking forth for ZX81 TS1000. MULTI- LINGUAL, educational and other software, FREE and Free information. UNIVERSITY DEGREES BY SPECIAL EVALUATION of CATALOGUE. The Professor, Contact: Softmagic Corp., 1213 West High Street, Bryan, 959 N.W. 53rd St., Ft. Lau- existing credits and lob Experience. Fast, inexpen- derdale, FL 800 -222 -1399. Ohio, 43506. (419) 636 -4531. sive. (614) AERCO will continue to provide high performance Call 863-1791. Or write: EVALUATION, Box PRESCHOOL MATHEMATICS PROGRAM. Commodore 64 disk, printer, and other interfaces for ALL MODELS of Timex/ 13151 -A6, Disk, $9.00. DATA DAY RODUCTS, P.O. Box 285, Concor- Columbus, Ohio 43213. dia, MO 64020. Sinclair computers. Box 18093, Austin. TX 78760, (512) 331- 0719. REPAIR ELECTRONIC ORGANS -Revised home study DISCOUNT Computer- Software, Wargames, Video cas- course covers all current makes and models. Free book- let. settes. FREE catalog. Wizard Entertainment, Box 509, C.B. EQUIPMENT Niles Bryant School, P.O. Box 20153, Sacramento, CA Saugus, CA 91355. 95820. CB MODIFICATIONS, conversions, books, plans, kits, re- TI -99/4A SOFTWARE BARGAIN! Programs only 50 each. pairs. Catalog $2. CBCI, Box 31500PE, Phoenix, AZ 85046. F.C.C. COMMERCIAL RADIOTELEPHONE LICENSE. Complete library. (100 programs $49.95, 120 programs (602) 996 -8700. Home Study. Fast, Inexpensive! Free details. COM- $59.95, 140 programs $69.95). FREE CATALOG! Ex- change, P.O. Box 46, Sterling, VA 22170, (703) 435 -2789. CABLE T.V. MAND, D -100 Box 2223, San Francisco 94126. TI -99/4A extended basic and joystick needed. Six games, CHANNEL 3 -60db notch filter, 66 5MHz $32. Crosley, UNIVERSITY DEGREES BY MAIL! Bachelors, Masters, money back if dissatisfied. Cassette $27.95. Henry Straub, Dept. 607, Box 840, Champlain, NY 12919. RD #5, Cadiz, Ohio 43907. Ph.D.s ... Free revealing details. Counseling, Box 317 - PLANS COMMODORE 64 Educational package. Eng, Math, Sci- AND KITS PE6, Tustin, California 92680. ence. 104 programs on 8 discs. $39.95. Millsons, Box 180, MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLED. Six voice poly- LEARN WHILE ASLEEP! HYPNOTIZE! Astonishing de- Kennesaw, GA 30144. phonic synthesizer plans. $15.00. Syntron 1075% Mill Rd.; tails, strange catalog free! Autosuggestion, Box 24 -ZD, Helena, Mt 59601. VIC -20: COMMODORE 64 engineering solutions. Mo- Olympia, Washington 98507. ment of inertia -cassette $12.75. Triangle Solutions - HBO CONVERTER. Complete instructions and sche- MEDICAL ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY, home study. Cassette $9.95. + Others. R I DOUT, PO Box 2647, Roswell, matic. Send $4.00 and SASE. Electrographics, 630 Sulli- Troubleshoot medical instruments. WTI, P.O. Box 3124, NM 88201. van, Deltona, Florida 32725. Fresno, CA 93650 -3124.

June1984 117

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com WORLD'S LARGEST COMPUTER MAGAZINE $360 WEEKLY /UP. Mailing Circulars! No quotas. Sin- FOR INVENTORS cerely Interested, rush stamped envelope: Commission Mailing, Box 15967 -E6, San Diego, CA 92115. LÀxuputers NEW PRODUCTS WANTED! Indus- MAKE MONEY REPRESENTING MAJOR US corpora- INVENTIONS, IDEAS, & E L E C T I S #E63, Warrington, PA ON C try presentation /national exposition. Call free 1- 800 -528- tion. Write: SRS, 600 Valley Road, 6050- Arizona,1 -800- 352 -0458. X831. 18976. FLOOR. Full de- ADVERTISERS INDEX PATENT AND DEVELOP your invention. FREE PATENT COMPUTERS GET IN ON THE GROUND home RE- INFORMATION. Richard L. Miller, PE., 3612 -E, Wool- tails on how to start a MAILORDER business or worth Building, New York, NY 10007, (212) 267 -5252. TAIL STORE selling COMPUTER SOFTWARE/ RS no. ADVERTISER PAGE no. HARDWARE. First information pack of its kind, with east/ BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES west distributor list, sample pricing, ad placement, ob- tair.ing resale number. No technical experience or capital 8 Acorn Computers Corp. ... Cover 4 necessary. Info pack $10.00. JPI, P.O. Box 7033, Hunting- 50 Active Electronics 105 ton Beach, CA 92615. MECHANICALLY INCLINED individuals desiring owner- 9 Atari 2 ship of Small Electronics Manufacturing Business -with- 11th. out investment. Write: BUSINESSES, 92 -K6 Brighton REAL ESTATE Brooklyn, New York 11235. STATES! 30,000 listings on computer. C & D Electronics 101 ERASE DEBTS with little -known law- create wealth!! De- 500 OFFICES...45 16,000 under $50,000! Free printouts and regional cata- tails FREE -Wealth Kit, No. EE6, Billings. NY 12510. Classified Advertising .... 112 -118 logs! UNITED FARM AGENCY, 612 -EP West 47th, Kansas Cleveland Institute of ONE MAN CRT FACTORY. T.V:s, Business machines, City, MO 64112. Ph: 1- 800 -821 -2599, in MO., 1- 800 -892- Monitors. Scopes, VDT's. $3.00 rebuilding nets $100 -$500 5785. Electronics, Inc 26 -29 each tube. Higher profits overseas. New /used. FACTORY, 19 Communications Electronics 44-45 1909 Louise, Crystal Lake, IL 60014. (815)459-0666. 60 CompuServe 6 -7 INTEREST FREE! Keep indefi- EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES BORROW $300 -$30,000 39 The Computer Book Club 41 nitely! Free Details. Write: American, 1601 Main, Plain- GOVERNMENT JOBS -Thousandsof vacancies must be field, Indiana 46168. filled immediately. $17,634 to $50,112. Call 716- 842 -6000, 11 Computer Mail Order 49 Ext 3900. BUMPER STICKER PRINTING DEVICE. Cheap. simple, portable. Free details. Bumper, POB 22791 (PE), Tampa, ELECTRONICS /AVIONICS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTU- FL 33622. NITIES. Details FREE. Aviation Employment Information 14 Digi -Key Corp. 108 -109 Service, Box 240E, Northport, New York 11768. FREE CATALOGS. Repair air conditioning, refrigeration. 2 Discount Computers 62 Tools. supplies, full instructions, Doolin, 2016 Canton, 25 II Dallas. Texas 75201. Dust -Off /Falcon Safety BOOKS & MAGAZINES Products 13 ELECTRO MECHANICAL ASSEMBLERS ASSOCIATION is looking for assemblers interested in working at home. Potential $600 per week. Write for application. Enclose SATELLITE TV VIEWERS $3.00 for processing. EMMA, Dept. CE, Box 9186, Colum- C,er the mor-t complete weekly listing, 51 Electronic Specialists 103 bus, MS 39705. Send $1 for sample copy. 26 Epson America, Inc. 15 BORROW $30,000 without interest! All eligible. Repay anytime. Free details! Infohouse -CE, 808 Post, San Fran- cisco, CA 94109. P Box 95540 EXTRA INCOME with your microcomputer. Super 0 308 Fort.nd, Callfolna Grantham College EARN 800 -35$ -9997 (U.S.) -556 -í787 (Calif.) Free details. Scitec, Box 02038, Colum- too opportunities! 707 -745 -2476 (III others) of Engineering 103 bus, OH 43202. START YOUR OWN Microcomputer based mail order business. Free info. Bark Research, 21 Foxanna Dr, CE MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY BOOK; learn to build local Hershey, PA 17033. microwave receivers, satellite TV, police radar and much Halix Institute 95 more. Send $5.00 plus 75. for postage and handling to: Tom 24 Heath Co. 22 -23 BE A COMPUTER BROKER /CONSULTANT if you are good Howell Productions, POB 32357, Washington, DC 20007. with micros, then your advice is needed. Book tells all to Sche- get you started as a broker/consultant in your own home. MUSICAL ELECTRONICS & HOME RECORDING. Where to buy. How to get clients. Cash in on fast growing matics and "how -to," bi- monthly $12.00 /year. Sample is- area of micros. $5.00. ETC Marketing, P.O. Box 5205, Ha- sue $2.50. Polyphony, Box 20305: Oklahoma City, OK 41 IBM Corporation 10 -11 cienda. CA 91745. 73156.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING ORDER FORM Information Unlimited/ Scientific Systems 104 2 3 4 5 10 Inmac.._ 93

6 7 8 9 10

14 15 (MINIMUM) 11 12 13 21 Jameco Electronics 111

16 17 18 19 20 22 JDR Microdevices 106 -107 23 J & R Music World 93 21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30 58 Kalglo Electronics Cb., Inc..... 97 31 32 33 34 35

36 37 38 39 40 30 Maxell 5 41 42 43 44 45 Memotech Corp. Cover 2, 1 46 47 48 49 50 5 Micro Craft Corp. Cover 3

Please refer to heading on first page of this section for ad placement information 34 Micro -Ware 97 COMMERCIAL: $5.00. PERSONAL: $3.00, EXPAND -AD®: $7.50.

# OF WORDS # OF INSERTIONS National Technical Schools . 36 -39 PAYMENT ENCLOSED $ NRI Schools 16 -19 CHARGE You will be billed monthly. - American Express - Diners - Visa - MasterCharge- Interbank # 1 Nibble Notch Computer Products 95 Account # Exp Date

SIGNATURE Radio Shack 35 PRINT NAME

ADDRESS CITY STATE 71P 42 Tam's Inc. 101 CE-684 Tektronix 25

118 Computers & Electronics

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com DIMENSION. THE MOST POWERFUL, MOST COMPATIBLE PERSONAL COMPUTER YOU CAN BUY.

(CRT not included) Introducing the capability the world has been waiting for. A single personal computer able to handle Apple,® IBM,® TRS -80,® UNIX'" and CP/M® based software. The Dimension 680()0 Professional Personal Computer does it all. It actu- aLy contains the microprocessors found in all of today's popular personal com- dimension puters. And a dramatic innovation creates the environment that lets these systems function merely by plugging in the software. Add to this the incredible power of a 32 bit MC68000 microprocessor with up to 16 megabytes of random access memory. Dimension has the power of a main - frame at a personal computer price. It's obviously the best value you can find. For more information ask your dealer or 111 call us at (214) 630 -2562 for the name of your nearest dealer. dìmensionTM ss000 A product of Micro Craft Corporation 4747 Irving Blvd., Suite 241 Dallas, Texas 75247. 01583 Circle No. 5 on Free Information Card

Apph is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc.: IBM is a registered trademark of International Bisine4s Mach nes Corporation: TRS -ü( k a

registered trademark or Radio Shack. aTandy Corporation company: )'NIX is a trademark of Bell I.aboratrie . Inc. : (' M k a ngistcrcd trademark ul

. Diglil Research Corporation. DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com It doesn't take an advanced degree to know that teaching computers in a school isn't the same as using a computer in business. But most computers are designed for businesses or homes, not for schools. Acorn has designed a computer especially for schools. THE Mir It's called The British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer System. Simple to use, it can handle everything from basic applications to creating sophisticated networks. So it won't become obsolete the minute a student becomes advanced. In fact, no other similar sized or priced computer exceeds Acorn's built -in expansion capabilities. But Acorn's Micro is more than a computer. COMM= educator It's a total learning system designed by and for educators. Consisting of endorsed software, lesson plans and teacher workbooks. We call it schoolware, because it gives teachers and students everything they need for learning. THAT You can even learn about Acorn's Micro on our toll -free teacher hotline. And at special Acorn Learning Centers at computer dealers around the country. Doing our homework has already made Acorn's Micro one of the biggest selling microcomputers in Britain, And lead to its selection by the British government for use in its nationwide computer literacy program. MMOIWIN So if you're interested in a computer that will do well in school, take a lesson from the British and learn more about Acorn's Micro. For more information, write Acorn Computers di Corporation, 400 Unicorn Park Drive, Woburn, IF Massachusetts 01801, or call toll -free I- 800 -225 -8001 (in Massachusetts, call 617- 935 -1190). NICF Ou RNIER

+w,* s;rsg «am!i a : t . .. \ ° \

4 \ \ \

Circle No. 8 on Free information Card