March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7115

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

VANDALISM AND ARSON IN First Baptist Church of Clev.eland, Tenn., Because of a rash of suspicious church CHURCHES AND SYNAGOGUES while several hundred parishioners were at and synagogue fires in Brooklyn, a bi.1.1 was prayer. introduced in Congress last November that But the stealthy figure had not come to would make destructlon of a house of wor- HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ worship. ship or religious articles inside it a federal OF NEW YORK Instead, he entered the pastor's office, 10 crime punishable by a $10,000 fine, five feet. away from the sarn;tuary, and took years in jail, or both. lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $10,000 in checks and cash from a safe. He Nor is the problem of church crime con- Friday, March 28, 1980 then snatched up 17 wallets and billfolds in fined to the United States. the choir robing room. . With a massive rise in reported-theft and e Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I would At Koyasan Buddhist Temple in down- vandalism in England and Canada, Church like to draw the attention of my col­ town Los Angeles. a man entered an ante- of England parishes are forming vigilante leagues to the following article that room during a prayer service recently and groups and hiding their stlver. The Ecclesi­ appeared recently in the Los Angeles stole a "priceless scroll" containing a like- astical Insurance Office reported that · Times, which discusses the high inci­ ness of the Buddha. claims doubled from 2,000 to 4,000 between dence of vandalism and arson in Last October, n ight marauders twice 1976 and 1977. churches and synagogues across the · broke into Temple Ner Tamid in Simi · Anti-Christian vandalism has plagued ole- . country. Valley, desecrating the temple and causing ·rusalem in recent monthS. Targets of these In 1979, thousands of dollars in damage. assaults, blamed on JewiSh extremists· by November after a series of The vandals painted red swastikas on the Mayor Teddy Kollek, have included a Chris­ malicious acts of vandalism in my dis­ floor, mutilated TorahS, or holy Jewish tian bookstore, a Baptist church, a Russian. trict, including the destruction of nine writings, and splattered paint over the Orthodox church and the Benedictine 100-year-old sacred Torah scrolls, I in­ rabbi's robes and prayer shawl. But in this Abbey on Mt. Zion. A package containing troduced H.R. 5917, which would make case, valuable stereo and office equipment three bombs was discovered .on the premises the destruction of houses of worship a as well as cash in plain view were left un- of the Gethsemane Franciscan Church ·Of ' Federai offense. touched. All Nations. At present, Federal civil rights stat­ These are but recent examples of what ap- One of the largest and most daring utes protect private homes and multi­ pears to be a nationwide tide of sometimes modem church thefts occurred several callous and often costly crime against years ago in West Germany. Thieves, using ple dwellings from cross burnings but churches, temples and synagogues. Houses mountain-climbing gear, ·clambered down leave prosecution for church or syna­ of worship, long the symbols of freedom and the north wall of the famed 13th Century gogue burnings and for the desecra­ peace, are increasingly the targets of armed· Cologne Cathedral into ·a cellar treasury. tion of their co.ntents to local law en­ robbers, gold-grabbing thieves, vindictive ar- They escaped with millions of dollars worth forcement authorities. I believe that sonists and sacrilegious vandals. of precious gems, gold and silver. in crQsses, unless there are substantial penalties _ Definitive figures on church crimes are diamond-studded Communion vessels and for interfering with a congregation's either nonexistent.or difficult to obtain. But nine bishops' rings. right to worship without fear, the the Board of Underwriters in Washington, ~ot all the news is bleak. spirit of freedom of worship is violat­ D.C., has estimated that losses relating to Despite worldwide gold fever, pious medi- houses of worship total $1.5 billion annual- tation continues at the Bangkok Temple of ed-individual civil rights are abused. ly. the Golden Buddah. Though the huge Vandalism of churches and syna­ Arson has now become the leading cause · statue is 75 percent pure gold and would gogues is not merely a crime against of church fires, accounting for 37% of those command about $80 blllion at current property but a crime againSt people. for which the cause could be determined, ac- prices, thieves would have a gargantuan While a house of worship can be re­ cording to the National Fire Protection task hauling off the rotund deity-it weighs built, the trauma of watching one Assn. 5.5 tons. burn is not easily forgotten. Destruc­ And insurance companies that specialize Things are quieter now in Atistin, Tex., tion of a church or temple · often in policies covering property owned by reli- where University Baptist Church attracted gious groups confirm that claims and costs national attention five years ago when the causes congregations to scatter, as the are up-particularly . for thefts involving pastor hired uniformed security guards and members lack the means· to replace worship and ornamental items, such as chal- asked for extra police patrols to keep young the buildings and the destroyed reli­ tees and candelabra, and electronic equip- drifters and thieves off church property. gious articles, many of them hundreds ment. The guards were dismissed about a year of years old and of great historic and Church burglaries in the city of Los Ange- ago, ·according to a church secretary, and traditional value. les increased 27% from 1978 'to 1979, ui> the only incident since has be.en the arrest The legislation I have introduced from 293 to 372, according to Los Angeles of a drunk who broke into the church freez- would make the destruction of a house police records. er looking for food. of worship or its religious contents a I'm surprised there are as many church After a string of church robberies in Gary, burglaries as there are," said Lt. Jack Carter Ind., local ministers considered hiring Federal crime punishable by up to of the Automated Information Division of armed guards. They decided, after much $10,000 fine, 5 years imprisonment or the Los Angeles Police Department. "Most soul-searching, against using weapons to both. in addition to the penalties are pretty slim pickings." ensure church security, and, fortunately, · which would be imposed by local Nonetheless, Roman Catholic and Episco- the crimes su~ided. · courts for violations of State arson or pal officials of Los Angeles have warned · With the exception of · Buddhist and vandalism laws. their parishes in recent weeks tl:> review Jewish officials, Southern Califortlia reli­ i hope my colleagues wm ·join me in· church security and insurance protection in gious leaders reported ·no unusual outbreaks working to enact this ·badly needed light of· "the startling rise in the price of of crime against area houses ·of worship precious metals." during the last few months. · legislation~ The unacceptably high Not all cities across the country have been Despite the overall 27 percent increase in. rate of desecration of houses of wor­ hit by waves of church- and synagogue-re- church burglaries in Los Angeles last year, ship ·and of damage and theft to their lated crime. ·But many religious groups have there has been no significant increase in property is a concern this Congress tightened. their security practices, locked burglaries or vandalism of Roman Catholic must promptly address. their doors:--somettmes even when buildings churches here for the last five years, accord­ The Los Angeles Times article fol~ are in use-installed sophisticated alarm ing to Msgr. Clement Connolly, who handles ·lows: · systems and replaced altar fixtures of gold insurance for the Archdiocese of Los Ange­ and silver with ones of wood, aluminum or les. VANDAL-ISM UP-ARSON, THEFT AT CHURCHES other common metals. · A sheriff's deputy for East Los Ahgeles;. ON INCREASE Heavy metal gates guarding churchyards ·where there is concentration of Chicano are now locked during off hours. Iron grates Catholic parishes, noted that vandals "don't One Sunday morning last summer a bar lower windows, and in many .cases, even write on church wanS, -though they stranger quietly slipped down the hall of floodlights bathe the grounds a.t night. · write 01_1 buildings right next dqor." e This .. bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken. by the Member on the floor.·· 7116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 Still, 50 burglaries, each involving at least addition to any imposed by local courts for TOWARD A NEW WORLD­ $400 to $500 worth of stolen goods, are re­ violations of state arson or vandalism laws. SECURITY SYSTEM ported in the archdiocese each year, Con­ One of the most opprobrious forms of nolly said. This means that about one out of vandalism. religious le.aders agree, · stems very eight of the archdiocese's churches is from internal conflict between religious HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER broken into annually. groups. OF NEW YORK · Interviews with religious leaders and In­ In N~w Jersey, a Hasidic Jewish group re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES surance and law enforcement officials cently desecrated the temple of an Ortho­ thi-oughout the country lndic~ted that dox Jewish group, according to Rabbi Ber­ Frida'!J, March 28, ~980 many of the crimes are committed against nard Zlotowitz of the Union of Americari e Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. . Speaker, in houses of worship In inner cities, where Hebrew Congregations in New York. merchants close up early· and churches are these difficult ti.Jn.es, it is challenging among the few buildings open and populat­ The recent anti-Christian vandalism in Je­ to formulate a strategy.which protects ed in the evenings. rusalem drew official denunciation and our national interests without promot­ Jack Vall, claims manager for the Catholic apologies from the union and Israeli Prime ing international confrontation. Rich­ Mutual Relief Society of Omaha, said Minister Menachem Begin. He called the ard Barnet ·made a sigpificant contd­ thieves are after precious metals "all over outbreak "shocking" and said he hopes that bution to that difficult task in an in­ the country."· police will prevent "any more of. these terri­ In Massachilsetts, he added, there has ble acts." sightful article, "A Strategy of Surviv­ been a run on copp'er lately, with robbers Why the upsu,rge In aggressive acts al," which recently appeared in the ripping off gutters and dowmp<>uts from against synagogues and churches? New York Times. I commend the arti­ elegant church edifices. · Jacobs, president of the San Fernando STRATEGY Vail. whose company handled 2,700 claims A OF SURVIVAL for Catholic properties in 43 states last year, Valley Inter-faith Council', vandalism "rises said there has been a rash of incendiarism up again. I think a lot of it is racist-orient· WASHINGTOlf.-Although President Carter in Corpus Christi, Tex. "Fanatics" entered ed." was indulging in Ni~onian hyperbole when the premises to steal, then set the buildings Jack Vail of Catholic Mutual Relief put it he called the invasion of Afghanistan the · on fire .. succinctly: "It's a grudge aga~t the church greatest threat to world peace since World John Jahrling. of Church Insurance Co.• or against God." War II, the extremely serious danger of nu­ New York, which handles policies for the Dr. Leo Rangell, past president of the clear war iil the 1980's is being underesti­ nation's Episcopal churches, also noted that American and International Psychoanalyt­ mated. With the breakdown of United arson is on the increase, accounting for ical Assns. and a clinical professor of psych!. States-Soviet negotiations, the two coun­ Episcopal church losses of :niore than $4 atry,agreed. ' tries appear to be on a collision course· in which events beyond the control of either million in 1979. But burglaries, many of . Vandalism against religious groups "see~ them involving silver, gold and office equip­ to be a rebellion against the most will push them into further confrontation; ment, accounted for one-third of all Episco­ The 9pportunities for the Russians and us pal claims last 'year, Jahrling said. forbidden . . . the restrictions which reli­ to misread each other's ·signals are multiPlf­ A property processor for Church Mutual gion comes to represent, ag~inst a holy or ing. The most probable locus of a major war saintly attitude of the parents, or else of Merrill~ Wis., an. interdenominational is not the Persian Gulf but rather the firm insuring 25,000 churches in 26 states, against-a sanctiinonio\JS or insincere saintli­ Soviet-Chinese border. The United States is pointed with alarm to an:increase in "whole­ ness," he said. moving ·rapidly toward a military alliance sale desecration." Sometimes, the UCLA psychia'.triSt added, with China ~at would virtually assure our "Derang~d . persons ransack the whole "wanton. aggressiveness" is directed "where involvement in such. a conflict~ · place," · said Ruth Wengeler, addil).g that dignity is most characteristic and . expect­ · It is more urgent than ever to develop a vandalism claims submitted to Church ed-worship." And it is usually done stealth­ strategy of survival for the 80's. In iny view, Mutual have probably doubled in the last ily and under the cover of night, Rangell this ought to Include the following consider­ five years. said. · ations. The Jewish temple desecration in Simi Rangell and Dr. Melvin Mandel, director 1. Negotiations with the Soviet Union on Valley and a. similar incident involving de­ of the Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Institute, the control of· weapons should be resumed struction of Torahs at Verdugo Hills said desecration of religious places displays promptly. Hebrew Center in Tujunga last month seem an inner prejudice and a "Nazi mentality" The projected United States military to be · the only maje'r acts of vandalism buildup will be matched by the Russians, against Los Angeles-area synagogues repott­ projected onto others who are considered and at the end of it we will both be less ed in recent months. "different." secure. They have an obvious economic in· But the problem has been so acute nation­ Mandel said persons d'esecrating religious terest in avoiding the next round of military ally that Rep. Stephen J. Solarz (D-N.Y.> symbols derive "great satisfaction" because expenditures and in preventing the in­ has introduced a bill to make the destruc­ the act releases resentment repressed and creased threat of United States military tion of a hcmse of worship or its religious· denied in .a family setting but "projected power in prospect by the end of the decade. contents a federal crime. outward on others on the larger screen of Therefore, SALT II should be ratified Solarz's action followed an incident in the world." promptly and negotiations for a comprehen­ Brooklyn in which a synagogue was gutted sive test ban concluded. As part of SALT and nine Torahs were destroyed by a fire set "This is the stuff from which ·religious, Ill; negotiators ought to .consider a three­ by vandals in the course of a burglary. wars of the past have been created," Mandel year freeze ·on further testing and deploy­ ~d ' "If it's a federal crime to bum a cross on ment of nuclear-weapons system8. A freeze someone's lawn, then it should be a federal Religious leaders said crimes against is verifiable and will help build the confi­ crime to bum a Torah scroll in someone's houses of wor5hip reveal a disintegration of dence to negotiate significant cuts in the synagogue," Solal'Z said. "The spirit of free­ respect for religion and the attitude that nuclear arsenals. dom of worship is violated unless there are "nothing is sacred anymore." . 2. New ground rules on .using military substantial penalties for interfering with a power that apply equally to both superpow­ congregation's right to worship without But at least a twinge of moral conscience ers must now'be explicitly established. fear." remained in the heart of a thief who stole The old tadt cold war· ground rules that Believing they have no legal Jurisdiction, $7,000 in Jewelry, old coills and cash from a permitted the United States to deploy U.S. Justice Department officials have side­ widow and her children three months ago. forces· around the world and kept the Rus­ stepped church and synagogue burnings Among the. loot taken from their Lodi, sians confined to the area previously occu­ unless they thought that other statutes, N.J., home were church o.ffering envelopes pied by the Red Army have broken down such as those regarding explosives, were vio­ containing $10. The thief never opened the with the Afghanistan invasion. New rules lated. envelopes, police said. Instead, he put them will be forged either by confrontation or by The Solarz bill would amend federal civil explicit agreement. Both superpowers rights statutes, which already protect pri­ in a large white envelope and mailed it to should agree not to deploy .their forces in vate- homes and multiple dwellings from the Church of St. John the Divine in nearby any country in which they are not now situ­ cross-burnings. but leave prosecution for Hasbrouck Heights. ated. ·The freeze would expressly include church and synagogue burnings to local law "It's really strange," said.Detective Frank proxy armies and the acquisition of bases. enforeement authorities. Luciano. "Maybe the guy thinks God isi The fact that the United States is consider­ The proposed federal panalties-a $10,000 going to forgive him for stealing from a ing taking over the old Soviet base in Soma­ fine, five years in jail, or both-would be in widow and her children."• lia suggests something about the stability of March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7117 superpower bases in today's. world', United THE MORTGAGE SUBSIDY BOND est income exclusion than was pro­ States plans to establish a military presence TAX ACT OF 1979 vided for by H.R. 5741 as it was report;.. in Egypt, Israel -0r the Persian Gulf area ed out of the. Ways. and Means Com-. will succeed in inflaming the Islamic world mittee, we have not sacrifice But a realistic fo:undation of a · termined effort to balance the budget appears to. me to be a painfully ineffi­ new security system is the burning desire of must be an essential part of any anti­ cient way of helping people to buy a every nation to be independent of all the big inflation program. I believe that H.R. home. In fact, Congressman ANDY powers-the Russians, the Chinese, and our- 5741 weaves these two concerns to­ JACOBS and I · worked on a proposal selves. If the United States is willing to gether in a coherent program for help­ accept the same restrictions on its future ing h ome buyers in a fiscally responsi­ which involved tax credits to assist in­ conduct in the third world that we wish to dividuals with both the downpayment see imposed upon the Russians, there is a ble manner. and the subsequent monthly mort­ chance to make the nonaligned movement This bill, by permitting States and gages. This would have allowed almost truly nonaligned. localities to continue a limited pro- all of the revenue loss to benefit the 4. The process of great-power noninter· gram of tax-free mortgage bonds for actual home buyers. Unfortunately, venlion must begin with Afghanistan. ill JI f th It is in the interests of world peace that single f amity .llomes, W a ow or e the Rules Committee did not grant a the ·Russians leave promptly. Arming the supplementing of t h e conyentional rule to make this proposal in order as guerrillas will prolong the war, increase mortgage market in a way that allows an amendment· to ari earlier version of Soviet casualties, and at some point cause financing of a reasonable amount of H.R. 5741. It would have been a pref­ them to conclude that they have shed moderate priced housin g at reasonable erable approach. enough blood there to ·Justify staying-par- interest rates and with reasonable Futhermore. H.R. 5741 was amended ticularly if the Chinese h:lvolvement grows. downpayment requirements. Given on the floor to include a transition The European Economic Community pro- the current difficulty of obtaining a rule which is likely to cost several posal for-neutralization of ·Afghanistan is a mortgage through the conventional times the amount of . the bond pro­ good start. 4ll the Afghanistan borders mortgage market, this legislation will should be recognized and monitored by gram itself. I can understand efforts to United Nations forces. The long-time inter- serve a useful purpose. While it is true accommodate States and localities est of some Asian nations in a zone of peace that H.R. 5'141 puts a limit on the which had made some commitment to and neutrality should be explored. An Af· tOtal dollar amount of the bonds that go forward' with a bond issue prior to ghanistari settlement might become the could be issued in a State each year, the effective date of this bill. However, starting point for a wider regional-security many States such as my own State of in ·defining what constitutes "an offi­ system of nonaligned countries. Virginia .will still be able to expand cial action,'' I believe that the commit­ 5. Secure access to oil requfres a politfcal~ their mortgage bond programs to a tee bill is overly generous iri that everi not military strategy. · -certain degree .from what they are The greatest national-security vulnerabil- doing now. At the same time, it would the most tentative steps, such as an tty of the United States and the West is our P"event the opening of the. floodgate authorization by a State agency to dependence on ·Persian Gulf oil. Oilfields + make a market analysis with respect are easy to seize but hard to operate in the of tax-exempt mortgage bond financ­ to a specified bond issue, are consid­ face of sabotage by hostile workers or ter- ing which would eventually result ered as a · sufficient commitment to -roriSts. Here again imaginative diplomacy, from the failure to pass this legisla­ issue the bonds.. I cannot give undilut­ not outmoded military-strike forces, is our tion and which would totally under­ ed praise to a bill for which the cost of only hope. We should build on the strong mine the savings and· 1oan and other the transition· rule has ballooned from mutual interest of the producer ~ountries, thrift organizations in the mortgage the Russians, the West and Europeans, the $200 million less than a year ago to Japanese, and c;>urselves to keep the oil flow- credit business. over $14 billion today. ing. Secure access to vital resources on equl- Furthermore, this bill will signifi­ Therefore, I believe that this legisla­ table terms should be established as a prin- cantly limit the revenue lo'Ss associat­ tion is a step forward for fiscal respon­ ciple of international security. The principle ed with the issuance of the tax-exempt sibility anle logic sometimes The policy shift at USDA has in­ falls victim to complex po1ttical forces. the Embassy there in which is .the censed the California agricultural The evolution of this lat.est · sell-inflicted D.emocratic platform position on community to no end. As their Repre­ blow ·is bound up in the broader history of which President Carter ran, t vehe­ U.S. economic policy through the 1970s. It mently oppose the administration's sentative to Congress. I plan to share began when Congress, led by many of· the recent actions. with this body the serious implications same people who lead it today, embraced of Secretary Bergland•s action on this· wage and price controls as the remedy for First the recoru should be set . issue. Unless we proceed with a ffrm the inflation its over-spending had generat­ straight. Only eight Arab-owned commitment to Federal funding of ag­ ed, and finally succeeded in including Presi­ houses sit on the predominantly· ricultural mechanization research, tlle dent Nixon to apply them in 1971. ·Most of barren · arid rocky expropriated land, consequences· of inefficient farm pro­ the controls were blown off by inflation in and none of the residents will be dis­ ductivity will be felt by food co·nsum­ 1973 and 1974, but the ones on energy con­ placed by the order. Furthermore, tinued. ·They indeed blossomed into a huge those whose land is expropriated will ers around the world.e· reg\ilatory bureaucracy, the Department of Energy. The DOE became an instrument for be o_ff ered either cash compensation or alternate land. As Americans we un­ WINDF'ALL PROFITS TAX strangling domestic energy production. Public frustration with the fruits of this derstand the government's right to process-gasoline lines. rising energy costs eminent domain when it is in the HON. PHILIP M. CRANE and increased dependence on imports-was public interest to do so, for example OF ILLINOIS diverted by Americ.an political leadership to for highway construction. It should IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the oil industry. which. guided by its tradi'­ not be difficult · for us to understand tional opportunism. was an easy victim. This that these lands are fundamental to FritJ,ay, March 28, 1980 exercise in political cynicism· was augmented by more virulent anti-business, anti-capital· Israel's public interest-the mainte­ e Mr. PHILIP M. CRANE. Mr. Speak­ ist forces. Soon the attack on oil lost w)lat­ nance of their national security. More­ er, yesterday the Senate passed what ever rationality it ever had and became a re­ over, we shoUld note that Israel has can only be considered a .contempo­ ligious movement bent on punishing the 'oil protected all peoples• freedom · of rary Smoot-Hawley by way of the industry and diverting its cash flow into the .access. regardless of their faith, to March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7119 their holy city. This is unprecedented 1975 Federal revenues rose 33 percent Mr. Speaker, the Republican alter­ in modem history. Jerusalem under even though living standards rose native budget for fiscal 1981 does ~ not Israel sovereignty is a haven for all barely at .all. Inflation hurt working compromise with ihflation. And it does peoples who seek to practice their be­ Americans while it delivered windfall not invite. recession. It should be the liefs. freely and without fear. revenues to Washington. . answer to the inherent despair of the Only 4 years ago the President canie The result was the great recessio-1 of majority's budget--and our re~ponse 1974-75. President Ford's hoped-for to the serious problems the country to office on the Democratic Party plat­ faces. · form which called for the recognition balanced budget at $305 billion of Jerusalem as Israel's capital and re­ became in fact the worst red ink At this point, I share ·with my col· locating the Embassy. Four years later budget since World War II. When the leagues a letter- the National Feder­ not -only has this plank- not been books were closed on fiscal 1975, feve­ ation of Independent Businessmen has nue was $281 billion and spending to· Just sent to all its members. The NFIB . upheld but the depth of Carter's com­ taled $326 billion. That is a $45 billion has long been a voice for sensible. mitment to Israel is in doubt. deficit. That is what you get by at­ fiscal policies and economic growth. Most importantiy. 'though. the ·ques­ tempting to balance the budget by tax This letter stresses that we in Con­ tion of the future of Jerusalem was increases and inflation on the brink of gress must bal.ance .the budge~. and we specifically left to negotiation among an economic d<:>wntum. must do that by controlling spending­ the parties by the Camp David ac­ The majority budget proposes to not through phony accounting and cords. President Carter's actions are a rerun this sad bit of history. They· massive tax increases. The wise coun­ clear breach of faith and violation ·of think revenues can escalate 19 percent sel of the NFIB should be with us as· them. in 1 year-from $524 billion in 1980 to we debate the budget next month. The primary ~lection results in New $625 billion in 1981-and get by with a The letter follows: York· and Connecticut are telling, small recession. It would not be small. voters clearly indicated their dissatis­ DE.All NFIB MEMBER: Rampant. double Signs are that it will be big, People in digit lnfiation. .of over 18 percent annually. faction with the current administra­ my district tell me every day that Is sapping the strength -and vitality of Amer· tion's domestic and foreign policies. things look bleak. Millions of Ameri· ica. It's forcing small business owners across Congress has consistently demonstrat­ cans will suffer or · be outrightly the country to the wall and reducing the ed its support for Israel, recognizing crushed. The fiscal year 1981 budget United States to a second class economic that it is a constant ally. the only de­ will not be balanced, no matter what power. mocracy and the most stable govern­ the present ·Democratic book Juggling U you believe, as I do, that lnfiatioli and ment in the volatile Mideast. The ad· seems to indicate. In fact, the title of wasteful government spending must be ministration must understand that the the 1981 Democratic budget should be, stopped. you finally have an opportunity to American .people want a Just and last­ "Why our 'balanced budget• will lead do something about it. Within the next ing peace in the Middle East that pro­ to the biggest 1-year deficit in Ameri· month. Congress wU1 vote on balancing the tects the security of all nations in .this can .history." 1981 budget and llmlting Federal spending. strategically important region, and Don't wait. Contact your Member of Con­ So that· is one choice. It is not one I gress and your Senators today. and ~k any move to compromise our support will ·take. The Federal budget is ·the them to support these long overdue and for Israel will never be tolerated.• central governing document of this needed steps toward fiscal sanity~ country, arid the majority budget is a But beware. this Is an election year. and disaster waiting to happen. Our other talk Is cheap. There Is also more than one WE CANNOT COMPROMISE WITH· choice is to pass the Republican alter· . way to balance the budget. Most of us be­ INFLATION native budget. The alternative budget, lieve that the proper· way to achieve this lts foundation having been brilliantly goal Is to reduce government spending, but there are those 1n Washington who would HON. NEWT GINGRICH fashioned by my colleague and friend do this by either raising taxes or by book­ OP GEORGIA from Michigan, DAVE STOCKMAH, fea· keeping "sleight of band." · tures a tax and spending reduction of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $32 billion. Our btidget ~trengthens There bas been enough tricky bookkee~ Friday, March 2.8, 1'980 Ing and taXes are already too high. Federal national defense. Its spending cuts put spending Is the real problem-it ls out of • Mr. 'GINGRICH. Mr. Speaker, we the burden of sacrifice on Washing­ control and must be curbed. ton, rather than on working Ameri· cannot compromise with inflation. The federal budget must be balanced now, That is more true at this time in our cans. before it ts _too late. and a tough spending history than-it ever was. Whether we Our budget will prevent the crash of llmlt must be imposed at-the same time. In will compromise with inflation is the 1980. I cannot emphasize that strongly other \\"Jrds, simply balancing the budget Is essence of next month's debate ori the enough. Because lt allows for eco­ not enough. It Is ·only the first step. The fiscal 1981 budget. , nomic growth and balances at a much second, and more important, step Is to begin · We have two choices. The budget lower level of taxing and spending a planned reduction 1n federal spending. proposed ·by President Carter and the than the maforlty budget, lt provides But Congress ts going to be under tremen­ leadership is one choice. It is predicat­ for a genuine balance rather than a dous pressure from si)ecial Interests. who ed upon a 1-year increase in revenues phony balance. Our budget has a four­ want to protect their slice of the pie, to bal­ of ·$100 billion. Almost all of this is way tax package that will fight infla· ance the· budget 1n some other way, and unless it sees that there Is broad support for due to explicit tax increases and the tion and recession at the same time. cutting spending and fighting inflation. lt "bracket-creep" tax increases implicit We propose to cut income taxes across won't act. So don't waste this opportunity to in an inflationary spiral. The majority the·board. We propose to dramatically let your elected offlclals know that you sup. budget not only refuses to fight infla­ lower the tax rp.tes on interest earned port fiscal saiiity. tion; it makes inflation an ally in its on savings accounts. More savings will Ask them to vote for <1> a balanced 1981 attempts to balance the· budg_et. mean lower interest rates. and help budget by cutting spending. not by raising Recent history proves this will not remedy the frightening situation now taxes, and <2> a llmlt on federal spending as work. We never-arrive at a balanced faced l>Y America's homebuilders. We a percentage of the gross national product. budget when we depend on a streetcar will stimulate investment by making These issues are now before both houses named "inflation" to get us there. We the changes called for in the Conable· of Congress. Write or call today and express tried in 1974. With 12 percent infla~ Jones "better Jobs bill," because your views about federal spending and lnfia­ .tton; President Ford proposed a 5-per­ having more jobs, more goods and tion-and ask your friends and business as­ cent surcharge and a fiscal 1975 services, and more industrial growth is sociates to write also. budget balanced at about $305 billion. the only fair answer to inflation. Our Sincerely, We were then on the brink of rece8- budget will also mean the end of the WILSON 8. JOBHSOlf, sion. From fiscal years 1972 through unfair, anticonsumer Carter gas tax. President.• 7120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 JAPANESE TRADE BARRIERS Volkswag.en-accounted for two-thirds, of "If v,ou want .to Stand out in Japanese so­ MUST BE CHANGED the 2.3.riiillion passenger cars imported last ciety, one of the ways to do it iS to drive an year. American car," says Bob Watkins of the The · bill has not. been drafted yet, but Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association. HON. DALE E. KILDEE Rep. Charles A. · Vanik, D/Ohio, plans to "American cars are a status symbol, even OF MICHIGAN · hold hearings on the UAW and other pro- . cars like Mu8tangs and F'irebirds which are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESj:NTATIVES posals starting March 7. pretty common here. The Japanese who can The problem can be traced directly to Jap­ afford them want ·them packed with every Friday, M.arch 28, 1980 anese customs and regulations that add up luxury and every option available. They •Mr. KILDEE. Mr. Speaker, an issue to trade barriers. Taken all together, they want to stand out, and they do. But there that is receiving increasing attention can tum a car which would sell for $6,000 in aren't many who can afford to stand out.'' this country into a car that would cost a Another problem is that American cars from the United Auto Workers .Pnion Japanese customer over $20,000. · and others concerned with the U.S. don't generally fit very well into Japanese 'According to a State Department study society. Most. Japanese streets 'are narrow. auto industry is the subject of the Jap­ done by the American consulate in Osaka, and larger American cars are difficult to anese trade barriers and the resulting Japan, and obtained by the Newhouse News Jockey around. In addition, the Japanese imbalance. of trade. The auto industry Service, these are some of the factors that drive· on the left side of the street. and is the major indlistry in America, and Jack up the price of American cars in Japan American cars shipped to Japan have left­ while it is . facing severe competition to a point where only the most wealthy can hand drive, which can make visibility diffi­ from.Japanese cars imported into this afford them: cult, even dangerous. country• . the J!J,panese trade barriers The Japanese levy a commodity tax of 20 P.ercent on the landed cost of every Ameri­ Most cars can be modified for right-hand make it very difficult to sell American can car. The tax is 'figured on the car's drive for the Japanese, but that only adds cars and trucks in Japan. The UA W's wholesale value, plus entry fees and trans­ to the cost. . president. -Douglas Fraser. has called portation costs. The commodity tax on Jap. "It's a simple and troublesome fact of lite for legislation to . provide a North anese cars, on the other hand, is only 15 that a huge market exists here for Japanese American content of up to 75 percent percent and is assessed at the factory so cars and virtually no market exists there for for any foreign cars bllported into the shipping costs are not included. American cars," said one State Department United States. and also for commit­ · Japanese standards for new cars are not trade analyst. "The American manufactur­ ments by Japanese automakers to curb the same as U.S. standards. They are not ers are planning smaller cars aimed · at a their exports while the North Ameri­ necessarily tougher, Just different~ Modifi­ world market, but they're not due out for a can auto companies make the transi­ cations which dealers · must make to meet couple of years, and even when they come those standards can add more than $1,000 to out. they'll be prohibitively expensive for tion to produc~ion of more fuel .effi­ the price of each car. The modification8 in­ most Japanese. · cient cars over the next few years. The clude additional mirrors, raising some seats• . UAW campaign to have Japanese covering· some chrome. and paint to meet "There's not anything patently discrimi­ plants built in the United States has light reflection requirements. shielding natory about the Japanese system, but they won the suport of Ichiro Shioji, presi­ ca,taJytic converters to prevent heat radi­ don.'t do anything to make it easy for us.''e dent of the 570,000-member Confeder­ ation and adding buzzers to speedometers to ation of Japan Automobile Worke~. alert drivers when they exceed 100 kilome­ .. who has called the present trade situa­ ters per hour. Dealer markups. on American cars can run tion an exceedingly dangerous situa­ up to nearly 37 percent. The markups · are tion. justified by the Japanese as necessary be­ THE REAL DISASTER AT TMI An · excellent presentation of ·the cause American car sales volume is too low trade. issue recently was provided by to afford a profit without the markups. and HON. PHILIP M. CRANE Jean Heller. a reporter 1or Newhouse because ,Japanese automakers generally will OF ILLINOIS News Service. I would like to share not allow a dealer who sells foreign cars to with my colleagues her article as it was sell Japanese cars, too. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES published in the February 24. 1980, Moreover, Japanese cars are sold door-to­ Friday, March 28, 1980 door, much as vacuum cleaners and encyclo-· issue of The Flint . Honda Motor Co. and co·untry for about $3,500. tific evidence. March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7121 In light of the fact that 7 out of 10 ORT CELEBRATES ITS lOOTH United States. The early meetings con­ outside sources or experts on nuclear ANNIVERSARY cerned themselves with the formulation of overall plans for the growth of the organiza­ power interviewed during TMI were, tion. Efforts centered about the three New in general. outspoken critics of nuclear HON. RICHARD L. OTIINGER York boroughs of Brooklyn, Manhattan and power. it·is little wonder why the only OF NEW YORK the Bronx. health consequence of the incident IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In 1939 ORT came to Westchester. What was psychological in nature. More of now consists of 2600 women in 25 Chapte~ an effort could have been made to Friday. March 28, 1980 throughout Westchester County, had its be­ ginning in 1939. Hitler ha began in Czarist Russia When membership in the New Rochelle dustry's 23-yeQ! safety record? ·on April 10, 1880, where its five million Jews Chapter. the name of this first-Westchester ·were confined to the "Shtetls" condemned Chapter of Women's American ORT, grew Changing the public•s attitude to earn their living by peddling goods in the to over 500 women, it was determined that toward the use of nuclear power is one marketplace. With the coming of the indus­ to promote future growth of the organiza­ of the greatest challenges the industry trial age, a··group of five influential Jews pe­ tion, it would be prudent to spin off area and scientific community must face. titioned the Czar .to allow a "fund" to be es­ chapters. So came into being Central, There ls a stridently vocal element in tablished which would aid Jews in improv­ Shore, Roosevelt, North End, all in New Ro· our society that views industry and ing their lives. And so ORT was born and chelle, and Larchmont and White Plains business with unabashed animosity. has thus far trained more than a million chapters. · people, providing them with the modem The current 25 chapters cover every This attitude has ·reached an almost skills which have proven "passports" to in­ comer of Westchester County and plans for religious moral status and. obviously, dependence, security and human dignity. additional chapters are in various stages of is detrimental to the production Amer­ Through the World War Years ORT was available with help and sup­ eq their activities into many varied areas. port, and continued to function on a very They are involved with the Yonkers Jewish Elitism of this nature ls dangerous. low key throughout the Holocaust, in Eng­ Council, concerned with the need for the Americans must be deprogramed from land and Switzerland. At the end of World upgrading .of Vocational and Career educa· War II ORT became more mobile once tion in the public schools, from kiDdergar-· this no-growth mentality and :reedu­ again and set up schools right in the Dis­ ten ·through High School, .. involved with cated to the idea of progress. Our placed Persons camps where the survivors Soviet ·Jewry, anti-semitism, the missionar­ country must restore a commitment to of the Holocaust were taught skills and ies and cults, and air American and Jewish economic growth and prosperity. to trades that would-help them to function as affairs. reason. and to material advancement productive citizens and eventually enter the mainstream of life, wherever they might re· Today, everywhere across the nation, and as one of the signs of intellectual and locate; More than 80,000 people, one in here in Westchester County, Women's moral progress. Until our Nation disre­ every four, of the displaced persons passed American ORT works to reshape attitudes gards the nogrowth policies that have through ORT vricational centers during this toward Vocational education-and fights for stifled both our economy ·and energy trying period. Quality education for everyone. production, we will continue to be Vul­ Women's American ORT was born in 1927 Women's American ORT looks back on a when five women gathered in a private century of incredible accomplishment with nerable to unpredictable changes in home in the .Flat bush Section of Brooklyn a profound sense of pride . . . the world's .economic and political cli­ to found what would become, decades later, Women's American ORT looks forward to mate. And this could very well be the the most dynamic, innovative and fastest the next century with the thrill of excite­ real disaster of. Three Mile Island.• growing Jewish women's organJza,tion in the ment in.meeting the challenges to come .• ; 7122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 Women's American ORT, Westchester erywhere will live forever in the lives of San Salvador's major newspapers. to re· Region, will be there to help.e of thos·e ·who follow h~: print his SUnday sermons. They complained that his remarks were often eclipsed by SALVADOR SLAYING STIRS TALK OF "FuLL those of Archbishop Romero. which not CIVIL WAR" only were heard on radio, but also were re­ printed in Orientaci6n, the bishopric news­ THEY CANNOT KILL THE VOICE The slayers of Salvadorean Archbishop paper in San Salvador. OF JUSTICE Oscar Arnulfo Romero must have realized Bishop Aparicio, in those sermons. argued that his death would be the one single event that the leftist groups occupying many of that could propel the Central American the principal churches in San Salvador were HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ country into full civil war. living. off money that they had collected as OF NEW YORK For Archbishop Romero was the con­ ransom in kidnappings-and were essential­ IN THE HOUSE OF REl'RESENTATIVES science of his troubled land. A force for ly criminals. He accused Archbishop moderation, he was widely respected Romero of tacitly supporting terrorists. Wednesday, March 26, 1980 throughout tpe country. Thoroughly com­ But Archbishop Romero took issue with mitted to the human rights of all Salvador­ these critics, arguing that the church "must e Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, "They eans, he became "the symbol of hope for support those who suffer from the terror of can kill me," Archbishop Oscar Anulfo the masses,'' as he was described early this the oligarchy" and must be tolerant of their Romero of El Salvador said in a recent year in a ceremony honoring him. views. speech, "but it should be very clear In the wake of his assassination while per­ Not all the radical leftist groups in El Sal­ that they cannot kill the voice of jus­ forming a mass in San Salvador's Metropoli­ vador thought kindly of Archbishop tice." tan Cathedral March 24, a new wave of vio­ Romero, for some of these elements want to On Monday, March while deliver­ lence erupted with the Left and the Right do away with the church as an institution. 24, But for the majority of the leftist elements, ing a mass at a hospital he had estab­ accusing each other of killing the church­ man. he became a symbol of the activist priest, a lished for the terminally ill, Archbish­ ·At this writing, it is not clear which of the liberal espousing change and reform.e op Romero was shot fatally in the many terrorist groups in El Salvador was re­ chest. He died shortly thereafter. sponsible. But both leftist and rightist ter­ The brutal assassination of this man rorists previously had threatened to kill the MILITARY PERSONNEL LOSSES was a devastating example of the trag­ Archbishop. And the result itself ts all too AND DRAFT REGISTRATION edy and strife that has recently en­ clear: The Central American nation has gulfed the small Latin nation of El been propelled one step nearer total break­ down. HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER Salvador. In a country tom between Archbishop Romero and many other OF COLORADO ultraright and ultraleft factions. Roman· Catholic churchmen felt the church IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where 600 deaths attributed to politi­ could not stand aloof from tl).e turmoil in Friday, March 2'8, 1980 cal violence have occurred already this which El Salvador is enveloped. Fully recog­ year, and where full-scale civil war be­ nizing the horror of the terrorism stalking e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, comes a more likely possibility each the country and particularly its poor people, the armed services are rapidly losing day, Archbishop Oscar Romero was he told this writer last October that "the their best an~ most experienced per­ one of the few leaders committed to worst violence is the social injustice in sonnel. That is the word from our which an elite minority oppresses an entire the attainment of social justice people." · senior military and naval officers. through peaceful means. Statements of this sort put him at odds Yet the administration persists in Archbishop Romero remained a with some of his much more conservative pushing for peacetime draft registra­ staunch advocate of human rights and fellow bishops in El Salvador and also tion, a proposal that everyone agrees of equality and justice for the poor placed him in the forefront of the Roman will not affect our military personnel until his death. Ironically, it was his Catholic Church's present debate over problems one whit. devotion to the achievement ·of these whether the chlirch should play an activist The article, from the March 22, ideals through nonviolent methods role in temporal affairs. 1980, New York Times, follows: In many ways, Archbishop Romero's and his attempts to promote peaceful struggle within his church was atypical· of .ARMED FORCES CHIEFS SAY PERSONNEL conciliation between rival political ex­ the struggle facing the more liberal ele­ LoSSES WEAKEN U.S. DEFENSE tremes in his country that made him a ments within the Roman Catholic Church likely target for assassination by ter­ everywhere. The debate centers on whether WASHINGTON, March 21.-For the last sev­ rorists from both the left and right. the church should play an activist role in eral weeks, the nation's senior milltary and Archbishop Romero was a voice c;f contemporary life or limit itseU chiefly to naval officers have been marching up to justice and humanity to the 4¥2 mil­ more pastoral matters. · Capitol Hill to sound an alarm: The armed In El Salvador. the Catholic hierarchy is services are rapidly losing their best and lion people of El Salvador. whose suf­ much divided on the issue. In the Confer­ most experienced personnel. fering has increased daily as tortures, ence of Bishops, made up of the six bishops The generals and admirals have been massacres, and acts of vengeance in­ of ·EI Salvador Archbishop Romero has warning that the exodus of senior noncom­ tensify. His mission was to awaken his often been in the minority. On a variety of missioned officers and middle-grade officers countrymen to the efforts needed to secular and religious issues, such as whether and of pilots and physicians has done more peacefully eliminate the opposition the church should champion labor groups to weaken the military readiness of the and injustice that characterize life for seeking·higher wages, the vote has frequent­ United States than shortages of guns or gas­ so many of El Salvador's people. In a ly been 4 to 2 with Archbishop Romero on oline. the losing side. The military chiefs of staff have cited country shrouded in darkness he was a It is not overlooked, for example, that the what they consider inadequate pay and guiding light. Archbishop was not a delegate to the 1979 benefits as the 'main reasons for the drain. An individual outstanding in his conference of Latin American churchmen, Other officers agree but privately add that time, Archbishop Romero was nomi­ held in Puebla, Mexico, and that the Salva­ they feel the absence of vigorous leadership, nated in 1979 for the Nobel Peace dorean church voted on the conservative from President Carter down to the battal­ Prize by several Members of Congress, side of almost all the issues brought before ion, ship and squadron commanders. is including myself. That he died such a the Puebla meeting. equally to blame. Yet Archbishop Romero stood out among The men and women who are leaving are violent death is a tradegy that will be churchmen in El Salvador because of his not the corporals and the colonels but the suffered by men and women around dogged determination to have the church first-class petty officers who drive the ships the world. play an active role in the economic and and work the sonar, the crew chief ser­ At this time. as so many of us mourn social struggle enveloping the country. geants who keep the planes fiytng and the the loss of this noble selfless man, ·I And it was this activist role that propelled senior specialists who operate the Army's insert the following ~rticle about the him into public and ecclesiastical controver­ computers and fix the radios. archbishop from the Christian Science sy. He often tangled with the head of El In a day of sophisticated weapons and Salvador's bishopric conference, Pedro Ar­ equipment, the armed forces rely on skilled, Monitor. As we look to the future of noldo Aparicio y Aparicio, the Bishop of experienced career people with six to 15 El Salvador and other troubled na­ San Vicente. years of service. "Without those people," tions, we can only hope that the inspi­ Late last year, Bishop Aparicio's support­ said a naval officer, "we do less, we do it less ration this one individual provided to ers took out full-page advertisements in El safely and we don't maintain things. It his country and to men and women ev- Diario de. Hoy and La Prensa Grafica. two could be fatal." March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7123 The litany has been relentless as the mill- spectrum of skills, with technicians in air ago as saying, "I have never-I'll repeat, tary leaders testified on the 1981 budget. traffic control, electronics, computers and never-seen personnel matters or pay mat­ Gen. David C. Jones, chairman: of the Joint communications the most critical. · ters brought to the Joint Chiefs of Staff Chiefs of Staff, said, "Increasing numbers Army--600, or 15 percent, of such speclal­ before the past year or so." · of these people are interpreting lagging tsts as computer operators, electronic ma­ Commanders in the field must put much compensation as a message from their coun- chinery repairers and programmers; 6,000 or time and attention into management: keep­ try that they are not worth the cost." 8 percent, of infantry sergeants, and 2,200, ing up with the paperwork, solving prob­ Adm. Thomas B. Hayward, Chief of Naval or 6 percent of senior sergeants in the field lems of housing, worrying about the post Operations, whose service has been the artillery. exchange arid the day-care center. General hardest hit, observed that what he de- Marine Corps-6,000, or 12 percent, of Meyer says. "One of the biggest complaints scribed as "the hemorrhage of talent" was technicians such as fire controllers, comput­ that you hear from soldiers and command­ approaching the point "where we may have er operators, radar operators and data proc­ ers in the field is that they're not able to get no realistic alternative but to consider essors; 720 pilots, or about 16 percent, with their views to a responsible commander." standing down some ships and aviation the decline leveling off. Still another reason widely cited for the units." The exodus of pilots from all the services departures is the contempt of the public Gen. Lew Allen Jr., Air Force Chief of began several years ago when the commer­ and often their political leaders, felt by mili­ Staff, testified, "Our manpower situation cial airlines went on a hiring splurge after tary people, that is a residue from Vietnam. has never been more critical than it is Government controls were reduced arid air Good people in the service are not given the today." Gen. Edward C. Meyer, Army Chief travel spurted. esteem they seek, explained a senior officer of Staff, said, "The most urgent challenge The shortage of doctors, already severe, here. "They Just don't feel good about facing the Army today ls that of adequately may become critical this summer. Of the themselves," he said. manning the total army." And Gen. Robert 11.200 doctors on active duty, which is al­ PURCHASING POWER DROPS H. Barrow, Marine Corps Commandant, tes- ready 2,850 below peacetime requirements, tified, "Critical shortages have resulted in 5,800 will be eligible to leave in the summer. On the tangible side, any senior officer several fields where experience is an abso· After President Carter vetoed a special here who is ask.ed what the problems are lute requirement and the training invest- bonus bill for doctors as "unjustified Feder- will rattle off a list like a machine gun. Limits on compensation have caused service ment is high." al largess" last week, Assistant Secretary of people's purchasing power to drop 15 to 17 CARTER CRITICAL OF COMPLAINTS Defense Thomas B. Ross said Pentagon percent over the last seven years. President carter, weary of the drumfire of medical officials expected 3,700 to leave Melvin R. Laird, the former Secretary of warnings, sent a memorandum to Secretary when they could. That will leave the serv­ Defense, said recently that a third-class of Defense Harold Brown last week telling ices about 30 percent short. petty officer handling $25 million airplanes him to have the service chiefs tone down Pentagon officals have said that the prob- on the deck of an aircraft carrier made less · .. ~ · 11 b t lem is not just the numbers of people leav- the comp1 amw., especia Ya ou pay. in*"' the military sei-vices but also the qual- than a cashier at McDonald's. Mr. Carter was reported to have said that, 6 In contrast, a middle-grade petty officer when he was in the Navy, pay was not the ity. Indeed. the military services are at with technical training making $12,000 · a major factor in decisions whether to stay in nearly full strength in numbers alone. year can go into civilian life and easily the service. The President, a graduate of the REA.SONS OTHER THAN PAY double his salary. And he can do that work­ Naval Academy, spent seven years in the While the military chiefs mostly cite lag- ing a five-day, 40-hour week instead of a 60- service before leaving to take over his fam- ging compensation as the reason for the or 70-hour week plus standing watch on the ily's farming business. exodus, other officers here and and officers weekend.• Just before Mr. Carter wrote his memo- · and enlisted personnel outside Washington randum. Admiral Hayward and General often point to more intangible reasons. Barrow sent directives to the Navy and High among the intangibles cited was a RESOLUTION ON CAMBODIA Marine Corps to advise enlisted men and lack of leadership. women to find out whether they were eligi- "That memo telling us to quit bellyaching ble for food stamps. About 100,000 in all about pay was a real kick in the shins," said HON. CARDISS COLLINS services are believed to be. one officer, noting the "pay caps," or limita- OF ILLINOIS EFFECT OF PAY-RISE OPPOSITION tions on pay raises, imposed by the Adminis- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That seemed to underscore a problem. tration for the last several years. The President and Congress have given top Some senior officers cite the 1981 budget Friday, March 28, 1980 priority to balancing the Federal budget to as evidence that the Carter Administration • Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois. Mr. fight inflation, holding the line on military is indifferent to the military. While procure­ Speaker, I wish to express my strong spending. The Administration has opposed a ment of weapons and research on equip­ stopgap measure passed by the Senate and ment have healthy increases inked in, support for the House concurrent res­ awaiting House action to raise re-enlistment spending for personnel would go up only olution on Cambodia just introduced bonuses and specialty pay. But it is clear six-tenths of 1 percent. by my colleague, Representative MAR· that experienced people will leave the serv- "I thought it was really nice that the GARET M. HECKLER. ices unless they are better compensated.- President had the hockey players to the I am sure that my colleagues would Moreover, . military officers are quick to White House," said one officer, referring to certainly agree with me in calling for say that draft registration, which President the triumphant Olympic team, "but where humanitarian assistance and a peace­ Carter has proposed, or even a resumption was he when Kitty Hawk came home?" ful resolution of the conflict in Kam­ of the draft itself, would do nothing to HOME AFTER LONG SEA DUTY puchea. Attention to this matter is retain experienced people. On the contrary, The crews of the aircraft carrier Kitty critical in order to focus on the trage­ according to Secretary of the Navy Edward Hawk and her escorting vessels recently dies in Cambodia .and also to call again Hidalgo, "When an eight- to 12-year enli~ted spent nine months away from San Diego, person or officer leaves the service, we their home port, including nearly three for an international conference on the cannot buy a replacement. We must wait an- months of constant steaming in the Arabian future status of Kampuchea. other 8 to 12 years to regain the lost train· Sea south of Iran. I rise in support of this resolution ing. experience and leadership." When the ships returned to San Diego on because it is in support of action to Among the shortages of people today are Feb. 25, the Secretary of the Navy, Mr. Hi- protect the most precious gift we have these: dalgo, went out to greet the crews. The aside from life itself-human rights. I Navy-23,300 electronic technicians, com- Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral submit to you that to deny protection munications electricians, air traffic control- Hayward, sent a videotaped message. Navy lers and other petty officers of whom exten- officials sa.ld there was nothing from the of human. rights anywhere in the sive sea duty is required; 2,400 officers, espe- White House. world towar~ any peoples be they Hai­ cially those qualified for nuclear subma- While Pentagon officials almost uniformly tian refugees, blacks, whites, or rines. Pilots are a special problem in the ad.mir~ Secretary of Defense Brown's tech­ women, is to threaten the very basis of Navy, which currently can man only 86 per- nical knowledge, command of the strategic our existence. cent of the billets other than in the senior deterrent and economic management, they The resolution follows; ranks. It is projected to get worse, with only say he has shown little interest in manpow- 82 percent being filled in 1985. That is a er issues. They also assert that no one else RESOLUTION ON CAMBODIA shortage of 1,800 pilots, the Navy estimates. in the Pentagon hierarchy has taken up the Expres.'ling the deep concern of the -Con­ Air Force-2,100 pilots this year, rising to slack. gress over the plight of the Cambodian 3.400 in 1982, for a shortage of 14 percent; people and its strong support for humani­ 1.200 engineers of 9,200 required; navigators JOINT CHIEFS NOW INVOLVED tarian assistance and a peaceful resolution today are in relatively good supply but a Nor have the service chiefs paid much at­ of the conflict in Kampuchea. shortage of 900 is expected in 1982; short­ tention until recently. General Meyer, the Whereas war. and starvation continue to ages among the enlisted range across the Army Chief of Staff, was quoted not long pose grave threats to the very existence of 7124 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 the people of Kampuchea, their heritage are cut, children are deprived of en­ taxes, they would be forced to cut programs. and culture; richment courses; class sizes are in· Since state ·aid to elementary, secondary Whereas the occupation of Kampuchea by creased and ·the quality of our educa­ and higher education is a huge part of every Vietnamese forces has helped to create and state budget, the losses to school districtE maintain these threats and to hamper relief t'ional system is jeopardized. and public higher education could be even efforts; Just 1 month ago, I introduced .the larger. Whereas even greater food shortages in Federal Elementary and Secondary But even this double loss of funds-the the coming months can be expected to exac­ Education Assistance Act. This bill, loss of federal aid to education and the loss erbate the already critical food situation in H.R. 6598, authorizes grants directly of state aid-does not tell the whole story. Kampuchea; to local educational agencies in an There's more bad ne~s c;m th_e way. Whereas the unrest in Kampuchea has · amount equal to $100 for every child Interest rates have been moving up very forced many residents to flee their homes; in that school district. The administra· quickly. With interest rates· as high as they Whereas continued hostilities in Kampu­ tion is simple, the paperwork minimal. are, school districts as well as local and state chea and Foreign intervention threaten the These grants could be used for those governments will have to pay much more In· st.ability of the entire region; needs which the local educational terest on bonds they offer for sale. New Whereas the United Nations has called for York State may be forced to pay hundreds the withdrawal of· all foreign troops from agency determines are most pre~sing. of millions more in its spring borrowing, as Kampuchea and for a United Nations Con­ For example, the school district ~ould will school districts throughout the state. ference on Kampuchea; hire needed teachers, eliminate archi· This means that hundreds of millions which Whereas the just concluded session of the tectural barriers to the handicapped, will be paid in the increased cost of borrow­ United Nations Human Rights Commission reduce class size, or do many other ing money will not be available for educa­ has strongly condemned the deprivation of things for 'which assistance is not pres­ tional 'programs unless additional taxes are food and medicine, the gross and flagrant ently available. With the passage of collected to cover these new expenses. violation of basic human i;Jghts, and the this act, more of the c.ost of education Energy costs are going up and will contin· presence of foreign forces in Kampuchea: ue to go up, especially with the deregulation Now, therefore; be it would be shifted from the regressive property tax. to the . more progressive of domestic oil. And some are talking. about Resolved. by the House of Representatives an additional federal tax on ga.Soline. This That the Con­ Federal income tax, and the Federal would be designed to bring more money into gress- Government would become a partner the federal purse to help balance the <1> Strongly supports continued humani· with the States and localities in assur­ budget, but at the same time it would again tarian assistance for the people of Kampu­ ing the availability of high-quality increase the cost of running schools, col· chea; education for all children in this coun­ leges, state and local goverriments. <2> Calls upon the President to pledge United States support and urge the assist­ try. The schools of this country cannot survive ance of other nations at the upcoming Unfortunately, since this bill was in­ these blows. Even without these problems, pledging conference; troduced in February, the President urban school systems in New York, Chicago, <3> Reiterate;; its call for the convening of has revised his 1981 budget and has Cleveland and San Francisco, to name just a an international conference on Kampuchea pr011osed indiscriminate cuts in domes­ few, are at the brink of disaster. Thousands aimed at ending the fighting and bringing tic programs. While I strongly support of other school systems are not in such bad about the establishment of a representative shape but have been deteriorating in recent the principles contained in H.R. 6598, years. If Washington proceeds with its government in Kampuchea; it is clear to me now, the crucial ta.Sk ' <4> Calls for the im1nediate withdrawal of agenda, almost all our schools will be in all foreign forces from Kampuchea and the ahead will be to hold the line on trouble. Sure, inflation is a major issue-but interference in the internal affairs of that cuts in the present Federal education so are education· and the provision of ade­ country; and budget. I will be working hard to quate social services. The President and <5> Urges the President, through the irisure that we do · provide adequate Congress have been hearing that lnfiation United States Permanent representative to funding in this area. Mr. Speaker, I be­ must be dealt with. They need to hear from the United Nations, to support action by the lieve it would be a travesty if the cur-' the parents and teachers that we hold the United Nations on behalf of protecting the preservation Of public education more im· rent inflation leads to counterproduc­ portant than balancing the budget. fundamental human rights of the people of tive efforts to cut back on our public Kampuchea.• Sacrlficing education for th·e purpose of education system-this is our most im­ balancing the budget is especially question­ ·portant investment· in our Nation's able because there is no solid .evidence that BLEAK DAYS AHEAD FOR future. · budget balancing would do very much to NATION'S SCHOOLS As we consider the various proposals end inflation. The Congressional Budget put forth to balance the budget, I be­ Office estimates that balancing the federal lieve Mr. Shanker's column is very budget would reduce inflation by two-tenths HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER worthy of consideration. The text of of one percent; that is, th.e current rate OF NEW YORK would. move from 18.3 percent to 18.1 per­ this article follows~ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cent. Other economists have other figures, BLEAK DAYS AHEAD FOR NATION'S SCHOOLS but the track record of economists in deal­ Friday, March 28, 1980 School systems 'have reason to be worried. ing with inflation has not been very good in Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I am It's hard to get local taxpayers to support the last decade. Oniy the foolhardy would e gamble on the destruction of public services including 'in today~ s CONGRESSIONAL schools, and, on top of local problems, the RECORD a column from the New York schools are about to be hit by Washington. in order to test a dubious economic doctrine. First there is President Carter's commit­ But what is going on is even more tragical­ Times by Albert Shanker, president of ment to balance the budget. Early reports ly wasteful. Ws very clear that an effort is the United Federation of Teachers, stated that the Administration was consid· being made to control iµflation by creating which ably describes the disastrous ering almost $1 billion in education cuts. It unemployment. Jacking up the interest effect of the President's proposals for will certainly tell us a lot about the Presi· rates didn't create enough unemployment, cuts in essential programs to .balance dent's commitment to education if, at the apparently-so now there is talk of eliminat­ the budget. I wholeheartedly concur same time he is establishing his new, costly ing programs that provide jobs in order to with Mr. Shanker when he asks: . and · unneeded separate Cabinet-level De· have a more direct effect. For example,. up partment of ~ducation, he deprives the for killing is the ·countercyclical aid pro­ If the · budget does need to be balanced, schools of almost a billion dollars. gram, which provides ~1 billion to cities why should this be done by depriving the But the rumored reductions in educaticm with high unemploymept rates, and threat· people of education, health and other serv­ aid are not the .only way in which Washing­ ened with extinction is the CETA Title VI ices? Why not keep these services and maJte ton can hurt the schools. There is great Jobs program, providing about $500 million sure they are paid for by those who can pressure to do away with revenue sharing to to urban areas. If New York City has to face afford it? states and cities, or to greatly reduce the these losses, we will have 60 and 70 children The budget ax will have a devastat­ program. If the program is eliminated, in many of our classes, not 'the mere 40 ing impact on our Nation's schools, states would lose $2. 7 billion. There is evi· M~yor Koch now threatens us with. ':fhe in­ which already are suffering the rav­ dence that nearly 50 percent of revenue sanity is that the federal government will sharing funds are used in education, so this gain nothing. by this. Every 1 percent in­ ages of inflation and budget cuts. All could mean a loss of more than another $1 crease in unemployment costs about $20 bil· around the country, local school budg­ billion to the schools. What's more, states lion in lost tax revenues and increased costs ets are being cut a.S localities simply would also be forced to increase taxes to due to unemployment, welfare and Medicaid cannot afford higher property taxes .to make up for the loss of the other half-or, if payments, food stamps and other provisions pay. ·for public education. .As budgets they were unwilling or unable to raise state for assistance to the indigent. March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7125 If the budget does need to be' balanced, NATIONAL RIDESHARING A.CT our constituents would be immense. why shouid this be done by depriving the OF 1980 Our national security and domestic people of education, health and other serv­ economic health is proving fragile in ices? Why not keep·these services and make HON. BOB EDGAR the face of spiraling energy costs and sure they are paid for by those who can dependence on foreign oil imports. A afford it? If we have to have balanced OF PENNSYLVANIA clear financial and moral commitment budgets, we ought to be looking at our tax IN THE' HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES structure, which President Carter once to ridesharing by the Federal Govern-· called "a national disgrace." Friday, March 28, 1980 ment would be a visible and effective But holding the line on present services ls • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker; I am in· step on· the road to energy independ­ not enough. Even without ·this new assault, troducing today the National Ride· ence and security. public services are deteriorating. This is a Text of bill follows: time not to destroy the services but to halt .sharing Act of 1980. Briefly, this legis­ the deterioration. This ls an election year. lation would establish and provide H.R. 6964 It's a good time to remember the promises funding for a National Office of Ride­ A bill to amend title 23 of the United States of 1976 and ask that they be kept: federal sharing under the Secretary of Trans­ Code to allow the Secretary of Transpor­ relief in welfare and Medicaid, adequate portation to assist municipalities, re­ tation to make grants and loans for car­ funds for educating the handicapped, a gional planning groups, and the pri­ pooling and vanp9oling programs and to move toward national health insurance, and vate sector in developing and imple­ establish a National Office- of Rideshar­ so forth. menting ridesharing programs. Now tng. When this budget process is all over, there let me explain the Justification for a Be it enacted by the Senate and House of will be winners and losers among the people larger Federal role in promoting ride­ Representatives of the United States of of. our country. Now is the time to send the America in Congress assembled, That this message that those who permit our schools, sharing. Act may be cited as the "National Rideshar­ colleges, libraries ahd hospitals to go down I think everyone will agree that ride­ ing Act of 1980". the drain may be among the losers, too, sharing is a valuable energy conserva­ SEC. 2. Section 146 of title 23, United next November, balanc~d budget or not.e tion tool. Every vanpool on the road States Code, is amended to read as· follows: today saves at least 5,000 gallons of "§ 146. Carpool and vanpool projects gasoline each year. According tQ Secre­ " It is hereby declared to be national tary Goldschmidt, the cumulative policy that spec1al effort should be made to IN RECOGNITION OF MR. SCO'IT saving is as high as 3.5 billion gallons promote commuter forms of transportation CHILCO'IT AND YOUTH CITY OF each year. Last October, President which conserve energy, reduce pollution, AMERICA Carter described how ridesharing and reduce traffic congestion. The Secre­ could be a major energy conservation tary shall assist both public and private em­ initiative. In that announcement, he ployers and employees who wish to estab· HON .. TONY. COELHO stated that the Nation could save 22.5 lish carpooling and vanpooling programs OF CALIFORNIA where they are needed and desired and shall million gallons of gasoline every day if assist local and State governments, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the 50 million Americans who drive their instrumentalities, in encouraging such Friday, March 28, 1980 alone to and from work carried Just modes of transportation by removing legal one additional passenger. The Presi­ and regulatory. barriers to such programs, e Mr. COELHO. Mr. Speaker, I want dent has also set up a National Task supporting exiSting carpooling and vanpool· to take this opportunity to commend a Force on Ridesharing · to serve as a Ing programs, and providing technical as­ fine young man from my district, Mr. forum for the promotion of the con­ sistance for the purpose ·or increasing par­ Scott Chilcott, who was awarded earli· cept. One important function of the ticipation in such modes. er this month a $500 savings bond by task force is to assist the Secretary Qf " In order to conserve fuel, decrease the Department of Labor as the out­ traffic congestion during rush houn;, im· Transportation in solving problems re­ prove air quality, and enhance the tlse of ex­ standing young participant in the rated to vehicle insurance, financing, isting highways and parking facillties, the. CETA program _ at Youth City of and labor-management relations, Secretary may approve for Fed~ral financial America. Scott, at age 16, was selected which have sometimes been impedi­ assistance from funds apportioned under fr.om among nominees from '27 coun· ments to large scale carpool and van- sections 104. 104<2>, and 104<6> ties as the outstanding contributor for pool projects. · of this title, projects designed to encourage his fine work in last summer's CETA In addition to conserving gasoline, the use of carpools and vanpools. Such a youth program at Youth City. project may include such measures as pro­ ridesharing .relieves traffic and park­ viding carpooling and vanpooling opportuni· .Youth City or'America, located near ing congestion, reduces air pollution, ties to the elderly .and handicapped, systems Cathey's Valley and Yosemite Nation­ cuts down on personal commuting for locating potential riders and informing al .Park in Mariposa County, Calif., is a costs, and improves employer-employ­ them of convenient carpooling and vanpool­ unique community deserving of special ee relations. ing opportunities, acquiring vehicles appro­ recognition also. A 750-acre home and While most people agree on the sig­ priate for carpool and vanpool use, designat­ school for neglected or abandoned nificance of ridesharing, some might ing existing highway lanes as preferential youngsters, Youth City was founded· not believe there is a need to increase carpool or vanpool highway lanes, providing in 1978 by Mr. Joseph Ortega, who is related traffic control devices, and designat­ Federal involvement and. funding. I ing existing facilities for use as preferential himself a graduate of the famed Boys would disagree. Congress has· already parking for carpools and vanpools. Town in Nebraska. A ranch communi· set up the foundation in Public Law -.. The Secretary may make grants and ty -of individual homes caring for 95-599, the Surface Transportation loans to States, counties, munic'ipalities, youngsters of various ages, Youth City Assistance Act of 1978, for an expand­ metropolitan planning organizations, other provides schooling, guidance, moral ed role by endorsing the concept of·a units of local and regional government, and and spiritual development, ·self-govern­ single lead office with.lts own pool of recipients of any financial assistance under ment, and recreational and social ac· funds. We now need to expand on that section 3 or 5 of the Urban Mass Transpor­ tivities. Up to six youngsters are legislation to actually establish a na­ tation Act of 1964 <49 U.S.C. 1602 or 1604> placed in each home which is headed consistent with the policy of subsection ~ tional office and to reauthorize funds Such grants and loans shall be awarded in a by a professional, trained, ·husband· for categorical grants .and loans for manner which emphasizes energy conserva­ wife team of teaching parents who ridesharing programs. Nine million was tion, although the Secretary may use other provide the guidance and support authorized under Public Law 95-599 factors as deemed appropriate. The Federal these troubled young people need to for fiscal year 19QO and my bill would share of the costs of any project approved set them oh the road to success in life. reauthorize the program at a level of µnder this subsection shall not exceed 75 Our congratulations go out to Joe $20 million for each of the fiscal years percent. No grant awarded under this sub· section may be used for the purchase or Ortega and Youth City for their fine 1981 and 1982. lease of vehicles, or for the construction of mission of building responsible, inde· I am aware of and sympathetic to highway lanes as preferential carpool or pendent young adults. ·And our con· demands that Congress cut Federal vanpool highway lanes, or for the construc­ gratulations and best wishes go to spending but I am convinced that the tion of parking facilities. Scott Chilcott who Is already well on benefits of an expanded ridesharing " A project authorized by this sec­ the way to success.e program to both our _Government and tion shall be subject to and carried out in 7126 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 accordance with all provisions of this title, <2> by redesignating subsection as sub­ measure. A reading yesterday suggested except those provisions which the Secretary section Cd>; and that the outcome was too close to call. determines are inconsistent with this sec­ (3) by inserting after subsection There is authorized to be appropri­ has been stalled in the committee because an adverse effect on any mass transporta­ ated from the Highway Trust Fund the Government has exceeded its budget tion system. $1,000,000 for the fiscal year ending on Sep. ceiling. " The Secretary shall establish, in the tember 30, 1979~ $1,000,000 for the fiscal The vote postponed today was on a plan Dep'artment of Transportation a National year ending on September 30, 1980, to transfer funds to pay for registration ·Office of Ridesharing, directly responsible $1,500,000 for the fiscal year ending on Sep. from an account in the Pentagon. But Con­ to the Secretary, which shall coo,rdinate all 'tember 3'0, 1981, and $1,500,000 for the fiscal gressional officials said that a similar vote carpooling and vanpooling activities within year ending on September 30, 1982, for ex­ on another issue yesterday was so close-that the Department of Transportation arid penditur~s incurred by th~ Secretary of the measure on draft registration might which shall- Transportation in carrying out section have been defeated if a vote had been taken "( 1 > set national goals for the reduction 146 of title 23, United States Code. today. through the use of carpools and vanpools of "<2> There is authorized to be appropri­ In his State of the Union Address in Janu­ pollution and traffic and for the conserva- ated from the Highway Trust Fund ary President Carter called for a resumption tion of motor fuel; · $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending on Sep­ of draft registration as a signal of national ..<2> compile statistics related to carpool­ tember 30, 1979, $9,000,000 for the fiscal resolve to resist Soviet aggression, and the ing and vanpooling; year ending on September 30, 1980, Administration has been pushing for a vote "<3>' perform economic analyses with re­ $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending on in the committee and on the floor of the spect to carpools and vanpools; September 30,1981, and $20,000,000 for the House. "<4> promote carpools and vanpools at fiscal year ending on September 30, 1982, to State, local, and national levels; carry out section 146 of title 23, United CFrom the Washington Post, Mar. 28, 19801 States Code. "(5) 1,>rovide technical assistance to facili­ REQUEST ON DRAFT HITS ANOTHER SNAG tate carpooling and vanpooling activities; "<3> In addition, to the extent authorized by Acts governing the use of funds available President Carter's request for $13 million "(6) respond to inquiri~s : from the public related to carpooling and vanpooling; in the Windfall Profits Tax Account, such to register men for the draft rari into an­ funds shall be available, as provided in ap­ other delay in the House Appropriations "<7> report to the Congress concerning de­ propriation Acts, to carry out tbis section, Committee yesterday. velopments in. carpooling and vanpooiing, except that- Earlier this month, a subcommittee re­ activities of the National Office of Ride­ fused to appropriate the money on a tie sharing, and national carpooling and van- " Not more than $5,000,000 of such pooling trends; · funds shall be available for the .fiscal year vote. Then house leaders regrouped and set ending on September 30, 1982; and to work to win approval in the full commit· "<8> evaluate the national impacts of car­ tee to show support for this part of Carter's pooling and vanpooling programs and "CB> Not more than $10,000,000 of such funds shall be available for the .fiscal year response to the Soviet_invasion of Afghani· assure that all steps are taken in coopera­ ending on September 30, 1982, to carry out stan. But before the full committee could tion with other departments and agencies of act, the congressional Budget committees the Federal Government to eliminate any section 146 of title 23, United States Code.".e reported that projected· spending for this potentially adverse impact which such pro­ year would break through the budget ceil­ grams may have on other transportation ing, No more new spending can be approved modes; DRAFT REGISTRATION TWISTS until the spending ceiling is increased, and "(9) identify local, State, and Federal AND TURNS that won't happen until after the Easter laws, regulations, and policies which are ob­ recess. stacles to the_expansion of carpooling and So committee leaders came up with the vanpooling opportunities and programs; and HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER idea of transferring already appropriated "<10> recommend legislation to the Con­ OF COLORADO funds from some other military account to gress to achieve the goals and purposes of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the draft registration program. The commit­ this section. tee scheduled a meeting yesterday to ap­ "Cf) The Secretary shall submit to the Friday, March 28, 1980 prove it, but canceled the meeting just President and the Congress not later-than e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, before it was to begin. the date occurring 12 .months after the date Speaker Thomas P. told him date, a report on the operation of this sec­ awry Thursday when the House Ap­ there was a growing feeling in the commit­ tion. Each such report shall include- propriations Committee, to its credit, tee that authorizing spending by transfer "( 1 > an estimate of the motor fuel con­ refused to use the transfer procedure was a bad precedent, that there would be served and the. pollution reduced because of to circµmvent the 1980 budget ceiling. several more requests coming along if this the operation of this section; I understand, however, that the were approved and that they should pull "<2> an analysis of State, local, and private draft registration drovers, fearlessly back and think it over some more. participation in carpools and vanpools; The committee may also have been made "<3> a description of carpooling and van­ anfractuous, have set up camp in the nervous by the close vote by which a trans­ pooling programs undertaken by States, lo­ Rules Committee to devise a subter­ fer of funds to keep the Federal Trade Com­ calities, and recipients of financial assist­ fuge for attaching the registration mission alive squeaked through the day ance under this section; and funds tp an amendment to the 1980 before. "(4) recommendations for legislation to budget resolution. An administration official on hand for the carry out this ·section.". Two articles from the March 28, meeting was distressed by the delay. The SEc. 3. Section 134 of title 23, United 1980, Was}1ington Post and New York administration fears each day's delay gives States Code, is amended- Times, follow: . more time for opposition to registration to <1 > by redesigrtating subsections and grow. It had carefully cleared the way for as subsections and . respectively; CFrom the New York Times, Mar. 28, 1980) the transfer through the Senate,-and now it and HOUSE PANEL POSTPONES KEY VOTE ON was derailed again in the House. <2> by inserting after subsection the· DRAFT ISSUE Registration of women, which Carter has following new subsection: WASHINGTON.-The House Appropriations also proposed, is unaffected. It would re­ "Cb> The Secretary shaR not approve after Committee handed President Carter an­ quire separate ~uthorizing legislation.• January 1, 1982, the granting of any finan­ other setback in his effort to resume regis­ cial assistance under section 146 of this title tration for the draft when the committee to be used in any urban area of more thah chairman postponed a crucial vote on the KAMA RIVER TRUCKS 50,00Q population unless the Secretary finds issue today. that such. assistance -is based on a continu­ Congressional officials said that Repre­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON ing comprehensive transportation planning sentative Jamie L. Whitten, Democrat of process carried on cooperativelf by States Mississippi, called off a scheduled commit­ OF INDIANA and local communities in conformance with tee meeting at the last minute without IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the objectives of this section."~ · giving a reason. A spokesman for 'Mr. Whit­ Friday, March 28, 1980· SEC. 4. Section · 126 of the Federal-Aid ten ·was unavailable for explanation. Highway Act of 1978 is amended- Informed officials on Capitol Hill specu­ e Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, <1> by striking out subsections Cd>, , Cf>, lated, however, that Mr. Whitten feared he American technology. designs, and and ; did not have enough votes to carry the equipm~nt were purchased by the March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7127 Soviet Union in order to build a large DECEMBER 3, 1979. Counsel of th~ Central Intelligence Agency, truck factory on the Kama River in Si­ Hon. PHILIP M. KLUTZNICK, Mr. Frederick Hitts, at 351-6121. In the Secretary-Designate of Commerce. U.S. De­ meantime, we are forwarding ·a copy of your beria. The appearance of Kama River partment of Commerce. Washington, letter to Mr. Hitts so that he is aware .of trucks as Soviet military vehicles in D.C. your inquiry. · Afghanistan has heightened a contro~ DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I have noted with Q.2. What end-use agreement preceded versy over what export control regula­ some concern the continuing debate within the construction of the Kama River f ac- tions were applied to American partici­ the Department of Commerce regarding the tory? - pation in building the truck factory Kama River truck factory in the Soviet We are not aware of any end-use agree­ Union. ment entered into by the U.S. Government and what end-use statements or agree­ I would like to know more· about this case before it approved participation in the ments were made at the time of the and what evidence we have of diversion of Kama' River project. Because of the avail­ sale. some of the trucks for military purposes, in­ ability of the technology involved from cluding the percentage of trucks that we other sources, however, the U.S. ·Govern­ When this controversy surfaced in think might have been diverted. Specifical­ ment had concluded that while some of December 1979, I wrote a letter to the ly, what end-use agreement preceded the these trucks could be put to military uses, Commerce Department requesting an construction of the factory, what is the the transaction would not make a signifi­ explanation. I did not receive a reply judgment of the Department on the nature cant contribution to Soviet military poten­ and extent of any violations of the original tial which would be detrimental to our secu­ to my questions until March 18, 1980. agreement, what does the Department rity. Moreover, if the U.S. had refused the For the information of my colleagues, intend to do to resolve this matter with the sale, the necessary equipment for the truck I am including my 1etter and the re­ Soviets, and if there is any violation, will plant could probably have been provided by sponse. The Commerce Department the project be terminated? other countries. The result would have been letter also lists the testimony they I would appreciate the Department's Judg­ to deprive the U.S. of an export assisting its have given on this subject and that ment on tltese questions. balance of payments while the USSR would should be helpful to those who wish With best regards. still have been able to produce trucks. "End­ Sincerely yours, use statements," as opposed to "end-use information on the Commerce Depart­ LEE H. HAMILTON, agreements," were filed during the export li­ ment's position regarding the Kama Chairman, Subcommittee on censing process by U.S. exporters and some River trucks and export licensing pro­ Europe and the Middle Ea3t. foreign consignees. The answer to question cedures. - 3 discusses the Department's investigation THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE, . of these "end-use statements." Apparently, the Commerce Depart­ Washington, D.C., Marf:h 18, 1980. Q.3. What is the Commerce Department's ment has determined that no violation Hon. LEE H. HAMILTON, Judgment on the nature and extent of any Chairman, Subcommittee on Europe and violations of tne original agreement? occurred of end~use statements filed the Middle East. l:louse of Representa­ The Compliance Division of the Office of during the export·licensing process by tives, Washington, D.C. Export Administration has recently con­ U.S. exporters. Many questions, how­ DEAR MR. HAMILTON. Thank you for your ducted·an investigation to determine wheth­ ever, remain: What ·could the Com­ letter of December 3 concerning trucks er there has been ·any violation of the merce Department do if it could deter­ manufactured by the Kama River truck fac­ Export Administration Act in connection mine there had been violations? Why tory. I apologize for the delay in responding with the use of. Kama-built trucks by the to your letter. Soviet military. Findings of the investiga­ was there no end-use agreement prior The Department. of Commerce has testi­ tion do not substantiate any violation of the to .entering the Kama River project? fied before the Congress concerning thlS Act's provisions. Thus, no compliance action Does the Commerce Department have subject on several occasions. Enclosed is a appears to be warranted. the legal authority and practical copy of the testimony given by Stanley J. Q.4. What does the Department of Com­ means available to shut off exports Marcuss, Acting Assistant Secretary for merce intend to do to resolve this matter and to stop the flow of technology and Trade Administration, on November 28, with the Soviets? If there-is any violation, 1979, before the Subcommittee on Interna­ will the project be terminated? · spare parts to Kama River if there tional Finance of the Senate Committee on Only two validated licenses were outstand­ had only been a violation of end-.use Banking, Housing, and Urban · Affairs. For ing for the Kama River Plant at that time statements as opposed to end-use additional information you may want to of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In re~ agreements? These issues should be refer to the hearing records of the testimo­ sponse to that action and concurrent with considered. ny listed below: the overall review by the President of U.S. January 22, 1980 testimony by Philip export policy toward the Soviet Union, I It should be pointed out that since Klutznick, Secretary of Commerce, before have revoked these two licenses. the Soviet Union's invasion of Af­ the Subcommittee on International Finance If this Department can be of further as­ ghanistan, two outstanding validated of the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban sistance to you, please let me know. Affairs Committee. · Sincerely, licenses for the Kama River project February 4, 1980 testimony by Kent have been revoked. LUTHER HODGES Jr., Knowles, Director, Office of Export Admin· Acting Secretary of Commerce.e istration, and Sharon Connelly, Director, Several committees of the Congress Compliance Division, before the Subcom­ are working now to resolve this issue mittee on General Procurement of the of technology transfers that have po­ Senate Armed Services Committee. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS: tential military uses. These inquiries February 6, 1980 testimony of Philip ACCOMMODATING THE are important in order to find a way of Klutznick, Secretary of Commerce, before DISTURBED the Commerce Subcommittee of the Senate balancing the contribution foreign Appropriations Committee. HON. ADAM BENJAMIN, JR. sales of technology that may be availa­ February 20, 1980 testimony of Homer · OF INDIANA ble elsewhere make to our balance of . Moyer, General Counsel, before the Perma­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES payments, and the risks involved not nent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Friday, ~arch 28, 1980 only to our country but to third coun­ Senate Governmental Affairs Committee. e Mr. BENJAMIN. Mr. Speaker, I rise tries of transferring this technology to Following are the answers to your specific today to share my correspondence of. another country which may use it questions: • Question 1. What evidence do we have of this date to the Librarian of Congress, militarily. diversion of some of the Kama River trucks Dr. Daniel P. Boorstein, with my col­ The Kama River truck controversy for military purposes, including the percent- leagues. age of trucks so delivered? · This letter was prompted by an arti­ has highlighted the importance of this Other than the information that has ap­ cle appearing in .this morning's Wash­ issue and Congress ·should certainly peared in the press and in the statements ington Post. My purpose ·in sharing carefully scrutinize the evidence of the before Congress, the evidence that the Com­ this correspondence is to provide my Kama River case and our burgeoning merce Department has received as to the colleagues with yet another example technology sales to other countries use of Kama River production by the Soviet of waste contractural services within such as the Peoples Republic of China military originates within the Intelligence Community and is classified. The CIA ad­ the Government. in light of. our experience with the vises us that it will be willing to answer any In light of the recent publicity sur­ Soviet Union and elsewhere. questions you may have on this subject. We rounding this·subject, I invite my col­ The correspondence follows: suggest that you contact the Legislative leagues to join with me in working to 7128 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 eliminate such abuses of our taxpay­ MOST AMERICANS FAVOR LIMITED GROWTH Many ·Americans, like many news report­ er's money. FOR U.S., WORLD ers, mistakenly confused "replacement­ MORE PEOPLE IN THE u.s.? level" childbearing with zero population Dr. DANIEL P. BOORSTEIN, growth. Even with birth rates below replace­ Librarian, Library of Congress, Six in 10 Americans say the U.S. "must ment level, net immigration helps keep the Washington, D. C. try to limit" its population growth. Accord­ U.S. population growing today. Also, today's ·DEAR DR. BOORSTEIN: The Washington ing to a Roper survey in 1976, 57 percent huge "backlog" of young adults of child· Post article, "Library of Congress: Accom­ said limiting population growth is neces­ bearing age could keep the population grow­ modating the Disturbed" advises that the sary, and 35 percent said it's not. ing for decades, even without net immigra­ Psychiatric Institute of Washington is con­ U.S. population growth is a "serious prob­ tion. ducting a 19-week program entitled Success­ lem," according to 65 percent of those Most Americans would prefer to stop pop­ fully Dealing with Disruptive/Disturbed Pa­ polled in 1971 for the U.S. Commission on ulation growth, as reported above. And a trons" involving 25 staff persons each week Population Growth and the American substantial minority go farther, seeing it as in the Library of Congress. Future. Another 26 percent said growth is a a "serious threat." In Roper's March 1978 Apparently the program was instituted be­ problem, but and not a serious one. survey, 21 percent said that the increase of cause of: If U.S. growth "slowed down and gradual­ the population threatens society and the ly leveiled off," 67 percent said they American life. 1. The behavior of certain persons and wouldn't be concerned. "that of a dozen other homeless, friendless Americans don't want to sit back and do WORLD GROWTH A PROBLEM? and unwashed patrons who regularly seek nothing. In June 1977, 73 percent of a Six in 10 Americans say people "must try asylum in the building's unthreatening at­ Roper sample disagreed with the position: to limit would population growth." In a 1976 mosphere," and "Don't . do anything to slow population Roper survey, 59 percent held that view, 2. Other disturbed patrons and "prima growth. Let nature take its course." and 32 percent said it's "not necessary" to donnas from Congress who aren't necessar­ Instead of doip.g nothing, 87 percent said, try to limit growth.· ily psychotic, but close to it." "make birth control information and de­ Is concern growing or decreasing? It de­ Please be kind enough to present, within vices widely available at low cost," and large pends on whom you ask, and how you ask two weeks,· the particulars of the contract majorities favored restrictions on immigra­ them. Roper polls show a moderate and de­ entered into with the Psychiatric Institute tion. creasing concern, while the National Fertil­ of Washington to include time, co.st, objec­ In fact, there's a bigger majority today for ity Studies show high and increasing con­ tions and necessity. government action than in 1971. Back then, cern. Also be kind enough to advise of the num­ in a poll for the U.S. Commission on Popu­ Differences between the two series of sur­ bers of Congressional prima donnas inhibit­ lation Growth and the American Future, 56 veys may explain the difference in out­ ing the Library, their impact and the cost of percent said the government should try to comes. Roper asked the general public; the instruction regarding their idiosyncrasies. slow down U.S. population growth. Disa­ National Fertility Study figures cited here' Editorially, I have yet to find a prima greeing were 35 percent. are for white women of childbearing age. donna serving in Congressional ranks. The Americans were concerned decades ago. Also, the questions asked were somewhat role of a Member of Congress is a humbling Back in 1947, when the U.S. population was different. The National Fertility Study one-not only must the ~ember account for about 140 million, Gallup asked whether asked, "Do you think that the growth of the personal inadequacies-but the thousands the country would be "better off or worse world population is a serious problem or of follies of their staffs including those who off if there were more people living here." not?" Yes, said 81 percent of the women in supposedly support the Congress as librar­ Worse off, said 55 percent. Better off, said 1965; 86 percent in 1970; and 88 percent in ians. 16 percent. Same, said 14 percent. 1975. The more appropriate answer, instead of Population growth is bad news for their Roper asked whether overpopulation "will hiring another unneeded consulting group, home communities, Americans believe. That or will not be a serious problem your chil­ would be to reduce staff, including the was the case in the 1947 Gallup poll, when a dren or grandchildren will be facing in the prima donnas in the Library of Congress. plurality (46 percent> said their town or city year 2000?" It will be, said 60 percent in This would resolve the dilemma without would be "worse off" with a larger popula­ 1974; 50 percent in 1975; 44 percent in De­ brooking another unwarranted criticism of· tion. Better off, said 31 percent. cember 1978. the institution of Congress. And that feeling was more intense 27 Before the first Earth Day in 1979, and Sincerely, years later, in 1974, when Gallup interview­ before Paul Ehrlich's book, "The Popula­ tion Bomb," concern about world popula­ ADAM BENJAMIN, JR., ers asked Americans whether they wished there were more people in their home com- tion growth was much less widespread. In Member of Congress.• munities. No, said 83 percent. · 1959, 70 percent of Gallup's sample was Americans would prefer their country to "not worried" about "the great increase in· stop growing. Gallup asked in 1974, "Do you population which is predicted for the MOST AMERICANS FAVOR wish there were more people in this coun­ world." POPULATION STABILIZATION try." No, said 87 percent of the sample. In 1966, of those who had heard about the That's consistent with responses to the predicted growth, 66 percent still was not HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER 1971 survey for the U.S. Commission on worried, according to Gallup. 'Population Growth and the American Many people give hunger as the reason OF NEW YORK Future. The. question: "Do you think the for their concern. In 1966, Gallup probed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES present slze of the U.S. population is about the thinking of people who had agreed that right or should it be smaller or larger?" The world growth is a serious problem. Why did Friday, March 28, 1980 answers: About right, 57 percent. Should be they think so? "Not enough food," said 57 smaller, 22 percent. Should be larger, 8 per­ percent. Not enough space, said 15 percent. e Mr. OTTINGER. Since I introduced Unemployment, said 12 percent. Overpopu­ H.R. 5062, legislation calling for a cent. Many people believe the country has al­ lation leads to poverty, said 10 percent. And policy of planning for population sta­ ready reached the largest population size it there were other reasons given. bilization, 21 Members have joined me can reasonably support. Roper's February HOW MANY CHILDREN? in cosponsoring it, and 17 national or­ 1979 survey asked, "What do you think is Young married women want to have an ganizations, including the American the maximum population we can reasonably average of 2.1 children during their life­ f>ublic Health Association, the Nation­ support?" Nearly half, 48 percent, could times. That's the latest result of · birth ex­ al Wildlife Federation, and the World give no answer, but 25 percent.:-.half of pectation surveys by the U.S. Census Population Society, have called for those who did answer-said, "no more than Bureau. congressional action on it. we now have." In 1978-as in the four previous years- Concern about U.S. growth has waned the Census Bureau survey found that wives, Most importantly, H.R. 5062 is con­ since 1972, when U.S. media began reporting ages 18-24, expect an average of 2.1 lifetime sistent with public opinion over the that the end to growth was at hand. In gov- births. past decade. Repeated polls have ernment-sponsored polls of married white That indicates that birth rates may rise found that the majority of Americans women, the National Fertility Studies somewhat. Even though U.S. women , found that concern peaked in 1970, ages, including both married and urunar­ population growth. Reporting on the before the announcements that U.S. child- ried), have been having an average of about research of the Roper Center at the bearing had decreased to the "replacement 1.8 children per woman since 1973, Census University of Connecticut, the ZPG level." Bureau demographers say the young wives' According to NFS results, 56 percent of birth expectations may indicate that slight­ Reporter recently published the fol­ married women considered U.S population ly larger families are ahead. lowing article which documents growth to be a "serious problem" in 1965. In On the other hand, other demographers Americans• concern about population 1970, the view was held by 70 percent, and . expect childbearing rates to continue their growth: in 1975, by 62 percent. historical decrease, due to later marriage March fJ8, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7129 and pregnancy, greater female employment To reduce illegal immigration, the public or not?" Gallup asked. Yes, said 47 percent. and other trends. backs a law against hiring illegal workers, No, said 40 percent. Between 1965 and 1976, wives' average and a forge-proof .Social Security card to Opposition to refugee admissions has in­ birth expeetations generally decreased by identify legal workers. creased somewhat in the la.st few years. one child per woman. That was true of Gallup's September 1977 survey found Back in 1975, l:Iarris found 49 percent op­ white wives, 18-24 and law to employ a person who has come into gees. Favoring, 37 percent. Not sure, 14 per­ black wives of the same age . Similarly, in a Harris survey in July 1977, It was also true of both white and black In a Roper survey the same month, 80 wives in the age groups 25-29 and 30-34. percent supported issuance of "a forge-proof 57 percent opposed admission of an addi­ Women want to end their childbearing Social Security card which you would only tional 15,000 Indochinese refugees. Favoring years earlier. In 1976, 99 percent of .the have to show a prospective employer at the was 31 percent. Not sure, 12 percent. wives, ages 35-39, believed they had com­ time you were being hired, but would not Those public views aren't far removed pleted their childbearing, the Census have to carry .with you at all times, and from U.S. opinion of other decades, when Bureau found-compared with only 75 per­ would not have to show to police or anyone the refugees were mostly European. In 1947, cent in 1955. else on demand." Opposing the issuance of Gallup asked if the U.S. should admit any The two-child family has become the such cards was 9 percent; 8 percent had of the "million homeless people in Europe American standard. Between 1960 and 1976, mixed feelings. who must find new homes." No, said 55 per­ the percentage of wives, 18-39, expecting to Roper found much iess support for issu- . cent. Yes, said 39 percent. . have two children in their lifetimes nearly ance of a "national identity card," which In 1955, the National Opinion Research doubled from 25 percent to 45 percent. the holder would have to show to police on 1 Center asked about admission of a limited Meanwhile, the Census Bureau surveys request. Supporting, 51 percent. Opposing, number of additional refugees "who have found, the number of those wives expecting 33 percent. Mixed feelings, 12 percent. left their own homes ,because their coun­ four or more children was cut in half-from Similarly, Gallup's poll the same month tries were taken over by the Communists." 37 to 16 percent. Three-child expectations found that 65 percent believe "everyone in the United States should be required to Approved, 52 percent. Disapproved, 42 per­ decreased from 27 to 23 percent, and one­ cent. Of those who disapproved, 65 percent child expectations increased from 7 to 11 carry an identification card such as a Social gave Job-related or e~onomic reasons. percent. Security card." No, said 30 percent. The The public view of "ideal family size" has question did not raise or clarify any ques­ A WELL-INFORMED PUBLIC? followed a similar trend toward smaller fam· tions about po1ice use of the ID card. ilies. Between 1957 and 1978, the percentage About half of the public disagreed with Not on population matters. Large minor· regarding certain family sizes as "ideal" President Carter's "amnesty" proposal for ities-sometimes, a majority-were unin­ changed this way: illegal immigrants, while 30 to 40 percent formed or misinformed on basic population No children-stayed at 1 percent. agreed with it. facts. In August 1977, the President proposed One child-up from less than 1 percent to For example, as much as 29 percent of the 2 percent. that illegal immigrants resident in the U.S. on or before January 1, 1970 be given legal public believes the U.S. population is "hold­ Two children-up from 18 to 51 percent. resident status. More recent illegal immi· ing steady," according to a Roper survey in Three-down from 34 to 24 percent. Four grants, resident on or before January l, 1976. Another 10 percent said it was "de­ or more-down from 38 to 17 percent. 1977, would be given temporary legal resi­ creasing." Yet, according to federal statis­ The next month, Roper's poll found that 1.6 million that year-a conservative esti· Notably, smaller percentages of the public 51 percent would choose to "deport" more mate. Other replies: "Increasing at a moder­ regarded childless C"childfree?"> or one­ illegal immigrants than tl:ie President pro­ child families as "ideal," than the propor­ ate rate," 39 percent. "At a rapid rate," 15 posed. But 31 percent said Carter proposed percent. tion of young women expecting those op­ "a good policy,'' and 10 percent said, "Let all tions for themselves. This may indicate that illegal aliens stay. In a March 1978 Roper survey, only 50 Americans would have more children if they Similarly, Gallup's poll the same month percent said the population is "likely" to in­ felt they could afford them. found 51 percent opposing the amnesty pro· crease during "coming years." Yet, even LIMIT IMMIGRATION? posal, and 39 percent favoring it. with the deliberate growth-limiting policies Support for limits. on immigration has in· WHAT ABOUT REFUGEES? that ZPG advocates, the U.S. population is creased in the 1970s. The most recent polls show that 60 or 70 projected to continue growing for almost 30 Before the 1970s, polls showed the public percent oppose greater admission of refu­ years. split between the status quo and support for gees from Southeast Asia. In 1971, the population commission survey limits. In 1955, the National .Opinion Re· Roper's results from August 1979 showed found that only 16 percent knew that the search Center asked whether the U.S. was the widest opposition. Roper interviewers admitting too many immigrants, or not world population then was between 3 and 4 asked whether refugee admissions should be billion,. and only 37 percent knew the U.S. enough. Too many, said 39 percent. About increased to 14,000 a ·month, as President right, said 37 percent. Not enough, said 13 Carter ordered, kept at the level of 7 ,000 a population. percent. month, or reduced. More than 70 percent ABOUT THESE POLLS Likewise, a Gallup sample in 1965 was opposed the increase, 46 percent said "lower split on the question of immigration levels. the number," and 26 percent said "leave the Major polling firms have found that they Keep the level· the same, said 39 percent. number at 7,000." Another 12 percent said can test the public opinion with a fairly Decrease it, said 33 percent. Increase it, said "raise to 14,000," and 7 percent backed an small sample of the population. The Roper 8 percent. even greater increase. Organization, for instance, questions a By 1971, opinions had shifted somewhat. In July 1979, CBS News/New York Times sample of about 2,000 adult Americans for In the poll for the population commissiqn poll showed 62 percent disapproving the in· its national polls, and Gallup has used both by Opinion Research Corporation, 50 per­ crease of refugee admfs.qions to 14,000 a smaler and larger samples. cent said immigration into the U.S. should month. Approving was 34 percent. be reduced. Leave it the ·same, said 41 per­ Gallup's survey, published in August 1979, Interviewers . question a scientifically se­ cent. Increase ft, said 3 percent. sought the public views on "the U.S. relax­ lected cross-section of the public-weighted. Gallup's March 1977 survey found a small· ing its immigration policies so that many by age, race, sex, religion and region to re- · er margin favoring limits. Decrease immi­ could come to live in fleet the whole public. gration, said 42 percent. Keep it the same, the U.S." Opposing, 57 percent. Favoring, 32 said 37 percent. Increase it, said 7 percent. percent. To compile the poll results above, ZPG Thus, in 1977, 79 percent of the public Yet a majority of Americans say refugees commissioned a search of the pollsters' ar­ said immigration levels should be decreased would be welcomed if they came to their chives at the Roper Center, University of or kept the same. communities. Connecticut. We're also thankful for the as­ Americans would end illegal immigration In the CBS/Times survey in July 1979, 60 sistance of the Roper Organization, which and reduce legal immigration. Roper's June percent said refugees "should be welcomed," gave permission to reprint its most recent 1977 survey found that 91 percent agree and 31 percent said they shouldn't be. poll results. that the U.S. "should make an all-out effort. At about.the same time, Gallup found 57 to stop illegal entry of foreigners without percent saying that refugees "would be wel· Most of the poll responses given below visas." Disagreed, 5 percent. corned" in their communities, and 30 per­ don't add to 10.0 perecnt. The missing factor In the same poll, 75 percent agreed that cent disagreeing. ls the percentage of respondents who re­ the U.S. should reduce quotas for legal im· "Would you, yourself, like to see some of plied, "don't know," "no opinion," or "unde· migration. Disagreed, 19 percent. these people come to live in this community. cided."e 7130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 A TRIBUTE TO DWIGHT R. G. THE HAVE-NOTS-STEEP INFLATION MEANS to push up the cost of their food, clothing PALMER CUTBACKS IN ESSENTIALS FOR POOREST and rent. FAMILIES Nor are things likely to improve soon. President Carter's anti-inflation plan envi­ HON.JAMESJ.HOWARD sions millions of dollars in cuts in federal CHICAGO.-To listen to Betty Watson is to and state programs that benefit the poor. OF NEW JERSEY hear the complaints of housewives and The plan is expected at best to hold prices lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mothers just about everywhere these days. near their current level, where they already "They really have to do something about put many items beyond the poor's reach. Friday, March 28, 1980 this inflation,'' she says. "Prices are Just too And the nation's current political mood high." seems to foreclose any possibility that the e Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, on But Mrs. Watson's complaints carry an es­ February 24, one of New · Jersey's government will step in to help the poor on pecially plaintive tone. She is poor~ This a huge scale. ·Referring to the federal pro­ finest public servants passed away. month she will have $175 left over from her gram to gu11rantee loans to Chryslei; Corp., Dwight R. G. Palmer, State highway welfare check to feed herself and her nine an elderly woman on welfare here says with commissioner from 1954 to 1966, was children . That isn't enough, and the more Mrs. give all that money to Chrysler so they approach to transportation policy as Watson thinks about it, the more she wor­ don't end up on welfare like us." ries that things soon may become as bad as well as his skills as a leader and they were four years ago. Here is a look at how three Chicago fami· administrator. lies on welfare are coping-and aren't Back then, out of work because she was coping-with today's high cost of living: Coming from a very successful pregnant, she went to sleep hungry several career in business, Mr. Palmer de­ nights a week so her children could have BETTY WATSON manded efficiency and productivity enough to eat. Her daughter Ruthina, now The 11 members of the Watson family­ from his employees. At the same time, three, was born with a cleft palate and Mrs. Watson, her nine children, and Mrs. he displayed tremendous generosity webbed fingers on her right hand. The Watson's 70-year-old mother-live in three and compassion toward his subordi­ doctor told Mrs. Watson the fetus hasn't re­ rooms on Chicago's South Side. Si:x beds, nates and virtually everyone with ceived enough nourishment. two tables and a few chairs furnish the For most middle-class and better-off apartment. Along the baseboards are plas­ whom he came in contact. Americans, soaring inflation at times has tered-up holes where rats ate through the The State owed him a particular imposed significant changes on the way walls. When the house is still, you can hear debt of gratitude for his progressive they live: a new· car unbought, a vacation a scraping and scurrying behind the walls approach to mass transportation. In curtailed, a savings account dipped into far where the rats have begun to eat again. 1956, before most people understood too often. But for the nation's poor-rough­ The neighborhood is dangerous. Mrs. the concept and the need for public ly defined as the 24 million people who fall Watson insists that her daughters walk in below the government's poverty level and groups when they go to school, and when transportation, Mr. Palmer enunciated thus qualify for a variety of public-assist­ the responsibility of the State high­ she goes to pick up and cash her welfare ance programs-the choices are much more check once a month, she brings along her way department to undertake transit stark. oldest boy, who is 16, and carries a butcher planning and projects. In 1959, the di­ NO FAT LEFT knife in her pocketbook. "I don't know if I vision of railroad transportation was "For the middle class, inflation means would ever have the courage to use it,'' she created within the highway depart­ taking money away from less essential says with a snrug of her shoulders and a ment. The rail subsidy program was things and using it for essentials," says Judy self-conscious smile, "I've never cut insituted a year later. Masterman, director · of family and aged anyone." It should be noted that almost all of services for Chicago's Catholic Charities. When she can, Mrs. Watson works as a New Jersey's interstate and noninter­ "There's a cushion. But the public aid given cook. She has tried to learn all. she can to poor families never included any fringes. about nutrition-especially since Ruthina state freeway system was laid out was born and the doctor told Mrs. Watson during Commissioner Palmer's tenure. There is no fat to cut." In New York City, for example, the basic that her son Barry was both overweight and I'm sure I speak for the others in welfare grant-established in 1974-allo­ anemic because he was eating too many the New Jersey delegation in lauding cates $14 a month for gas, electricity and starchy foods and not enough vegetables. the tremendous accomplishments of telephone combined. Today, however, the "Like tonigh,t, we'll be having rice and this great public servant and in offer­ average electricity bill in New York is $31, beans with maybe some corn bread,'' she ing sincere condolences to his. family the minimum phone bill $9 and the average says. "Beans contain a lot of protein and and friends.e gas bill $32, according to New York's rice has calcium." Mrs. Watson's children Human Resources Administration. like her spaghetti with meat sauce, but she Similarly, families receiving welfare bene­ hasn't been able to make that for several months because the price of ground beef is INFLATION AND THE POOR fits and food stamps in Chicago have less to spend today, in real te::ms, than they did so high. And she recently had to quit her five years ago. Since 1975, welfare benefits $140-a-week job as a part-time cook because and food stamps for a family of four have it meant leaving the house at 4:30 in the HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK morning and the children weren't getting to OF CALIFORNIA increased 33 percent to about $500 a month. During the same period, prices have risen school on time. So now fresh vegetables and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES almost 50 percent. fruit are out too, and the bread Mrs. Watson buys "isn't very good quality." But Friday, March 28, 1980 What that has meant for Betty Watson is a diet for her children that is too heavy on it costs only 25 cents a loaf. A good-quality • Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, inflation . starches and leads to anemia; for Patricia loaf costs 89 cents. hits everybody-but it hits the poor Willingham, it has meant having to scour "Sure I get angry," says Mrs. Watson. alleyways for Christmas presents and furni­ "But I get angry at myself because I know particularily hard. For the poor infla­ there are things the kids need and I can't tion does not mean going without a va­ ture; and for Benjamin Cabrera, it has meant having to think less about moving to afford them." cation this year-it can mean going a larger apartment in a safer neighborhood She pauses. "There was this girl where I without food, without heat-and per­ and more about how he will support a worked. She could afford to · go the best haps without hope too . . family of five on $125 a week. places to eat, to wear nice clothes, to live in The Wall Street Journal examined GHET1'0 DWELLERS a nice place. I'm paying $175 .a month for this problem in an article that ap­ this apartment, and there's no heat and Mrs. Watson, Mrs. Willingham and Mr. half the windows are out." peared on March 27. I commend this Cabrera all live in ghetto sections of this big at:ticle to the attention of my col­ "But I can't get angry at that woman,'' city-Mrs. Watson and Mrs. Willingham on says Mrs. Watson, shrugging again. ~'It's not leagues-especially those who are the black South Side and Mr. Cabrera on her fault that she's there and I'm here. You trying to determine what some of the the Hispanic West Side. The two women just do the be~t you can where you are." have been on welfare for several years. Mr. cuts in social programs that we are PATRICIA WILLINGHAM now talking about mean in terms of Cabrera only recently turned to welfare people-not a balance sheet. after a job-related disability and a brain The worst thing, says Patricia Wil­ tumor forced him to quit his job as a spray lingham, is that "you can't do anything like I specially commend this article to painter. Along with millions of other urban a normal woman would do. You can't go to President Carter and his budget poor, rural poor and poor elderly, these the beauty parlor. You can't buy new shoes. staff-as they continue to balance the three and their families are facing hard, Every time you go into a store you have to budget on the backs of the poor: even desperate, times as inflation continues stand there a.pd figure out a way to say- March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7131 tactfully-'! don't want that. I want the Disability payments from the company he Today, Greece is one of the most im­ cheapest you have."' had worked for ran out in December. Mr. portant nations in the Mediterranean Mrs. Willingham and her six-year-old son Cabrera soon spent his savings paying off area, owing to its geostrategic position have been on welfare for six years in two· his gas, electricity and telephone bills . I believe that. sound and Jriendly rela­ but these past few months, says Mrs. Wil­ "I kept on going down there"-Mr. Cabrera lingham, have been the worst. "I should be never mentions the welfare office by name­ tions between our two nations is in our embarrassed telling you this," she says, "'but "and they· kept making me fill out !Orms national interest. I do a lot of garbage shopping. Last Christ­ and telling me to wait. The bills kept piling · I salute Greece and the many Greek mas I was walking down an alley and saw up." Finally, a few weeks ago, Mr. Cabrera Americans who continue to make in­ this toy that someone had thrown out that received an emergency grant and paid off valuable contributions to American so­ my son had always talked about. So I took it his bills. An emergency grant of food stamps ciety in every endeavor they pursue.e home and cleaned it up and gave it to him. helped restock the refrigerator. I've also found some chairs in the garbage, For the moment, life in the Cabrera house too." continues much as it did before Mr. Cabrera DON'T BOTHER ABOUT DRAFT Shopping for food annoys and exhausts went on welfare. The living room, with its REGISTRATION DETAILS Mrs. Willingham. Prices in local grocery two television sets and red upholstered fur­ stores are high, and she can't afford the car­ niture, could fit easily into any middle-class fare to shop around much. suburban living room. While Mrs. Cabrera HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER says she buys less meat now, she still has OF COLORADO "If I make one mistake, like buying some­ enough money to buy chicken, pork chops, thing that's not on sale or a dessert that my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES son really wants, I pay for it for the next and Rice-A-Roni. two weeks," she says. She has become a con­ But Mr. Cabrera worries about the future; Friday, March 28, 1980 noisseur of vegetables "that are a little now he will be receiving only $500 a month e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, brown and soggy; I can get· a head of lettuce from welfare-$364 less a month than he brought home when he could work. He the administration is trying to rush like that for 39 or 49 cents instead of the 79 the House, by one means or another, cents you pay for a fresh head." would like to move to a larger home in a better neighborhood. The current neighbor­ into a vote·on draft registration fund­ Mrs. Willingham usually runs out of food ing prior to our Easter recess. The fear money several days before her J).ext welfare hood has too many gangs, he says, and his check arrives. She then makes the rounds at daughter, who attends a local college, still is that when we go back to our dis­ the "em&gency pantries" that have been must share a bedroom with her two broth­ tricts over the recess we may all come set up by the city of Chicago and by private ers. But a new apartment would cost Mr. to our senses and, upon our return, charities to distribute free canned goods. Cabrera $200 to $300 a month. His rent now reject draft registration just as we did "All they seem to give out in these pantries is $90. last September. is canned mackerel," she says. "I don't like "If there were no inflation, we could move to a better house," says Mr. Cabrera's In any event, some of the stickier de­ it and neither does my son, but that's what tails of the administration's draft reg­ they give out and that's what you got to daughter, Evette. •'The high prices hurt you eat." She breaks into a laugh. "I must know most when you try to move ahead a little istration proposal are beginning to 60 ways now to make canned mackerel taste bit, when you try to leave the old neighbor­ surface, and I want to share them with better. We struggle, but we get it down." hood." my colleagues. As she jokes about it all, the strain of Mr. Cabrera is more reticent. "I don't The articles, from the March 27, living on $300 a month-$200 of which goes know what will happen,"- he says. "With 1980, Washington Post and New York for rent-doesn't seem to affect Mrs. Wil­ prices so high, I can't see that the money Times, follow: they say they will give me will be enough. lingham very much. On her wrist, however, [From the New York Times, Mar. 27, 19801 she still carries the plastic identification But I will have to wait. I will have to see bracelet from a visit to the hospital the day what it is like.''• CARTER URGED To DEFINE PENALTIES FOR before. In the pocket of her raincoat is a AVOIDING DRAFT bottle of Valium, the tranquilizer. For the past few months, Mrs. Willingham says, she GREEK INDEPENDENCE DAY WASHINGTON.-The chairman of a House has suffered from persistent headaches, has Judiciary subcommittee challenged the "screamed a lot," and now has been put on a Carter Administration today to define the low-cholesterol diet, to reduce the risk of HON. JAMES A. COURTER penalties it intends to recommend for viola­ heart disease. OF NEW JERSEY tions of the draft registration that Presi­ mirable that the cradle of modern de­ ons. It is the humiliation of being on welfare mocracy, Greece, has been able to The issue of enforcement has come up at that bothers Mrs. Willingham the most. emerge intact by surmounting its in­ every Congressional hearing on draft regis­ Starting next month, after six months of ternal problems. Today, Greece is tration in recent weeks, but Administration job hunting, she is leaving the welfare rolls guided by the principles of democracy officials have repeatedly said only that it for a job in a neighborhood school that pays and her citizens enjoy freedom of was under study. Mr. Kastenmeier, an oppo­ $3 an hour. "I'll be scrubbing floors, taking nent of registration, said today that the out garbage, doing whatever they tell me," thought and action. She is a vibrant question "must be explored, and answered, she says. Leaving welfare will mean losing and important member of the commu­ before proceeding further with the Presi­ free medical care for herself and her son. nity of nations. dent's proposal.'' He has scheduled a sub­ Mrs. Willingham worries about that. But, The Greek people have made im­ committee hearing for mid-April. she says, "You lose your self-respect when measurable contributions to the an­ The status of the Administration's study­ you go on welfare. I want that back." of the issue appeared to be· confused. A cient and moderri worlds. Western spokesman for the Selective Service System BENJAMIN CABRERA man's philosophical and moral birth said, in response to an inquiry, that enforce­ Up until last June, Benjamin Cabrera, began with the Greeks. The concept of ment was the province of the Justice De­ who is married and has three children, government and the principles of de­ partment. A Justice Department spokesman brought home $864 a month from his job as mocracy, which were the basis of the said that no study.was under way there but a spray painter. He remembers that even government of ancient Greece, are that the application of criminal laws was then he worried about high prices. "The also the principles of American Gov­ being discussed between the department companies, they don't increase the prices ernment today. American kinship for and Selective Service. they pay their workers," he says. "But they the cause of Greek independence goes The current law holds that those who fail increase the price of their products­ to register for the draft can be sentenced to whoosh-sky-high." Last June, doctors told back to the administration of Presi­ a maximum of five years in prison and be Mr. Cabrera that he had become allergic to dent James Monroe, when on March fined a maximum of $10,000, or both. certain chemicals in the spray paint and 25, 1821, the occupation of Greece, by Mr. Kastenmeier, who is chairman of the could no longer work. He also was found to Ottoman Turkey, ended after a 9-year Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on have asthma, diabetes and a brain tumor. struggle. Courts, Civil Liberties and the Administra- 7132 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 tion or Justice, also released a Selective "This might include," the report contin·· A GENERAL VIEW OF THE SITUATION IN Service report urging that the category of ued, "a property tax taking all property ANGOLA conscientious objector be severely restricted owned in any amount exceeding 500 , coupled with an of Angolans clearly shows that if free, gen· Mr. Kastelln\eier said that a Selective income tax amounting to a virtual forfeit· eral elections were held today in Angola, Service· official told him that the report was ure of all income of more than $5,000 per UNITA could win by a very large margin. As a "training assignment" and that the recom­ year for a period anywhere from five to 20 a matter of fact, it is thanks to this vast mendations represented only personal opin· years. popular support that we have been able to tons and not policy. "While this is a novel idea," the report resist, and achieve a steady political and Bernard D. Rostker, director of the Selec­ said, "it does have a certain appeal and military progress over the four-year strug­ tive Service System, said in an interview should be kept in mind for use at some gle against the nearly 32,000-man Cuban that he and the Selective Service System future time." army of occupation. were committed "to protecting the rights of Guritz, the report's author, in the papers The present Luanda regime was conscientious objectors." obtaiped by Kastenmeier said he was a Phi created by a Cuban expeditionary force of Mr. Kastenmeier noted that if only 2 per­ Beta Kappa graduate of Northwestern Uni­ about 15,000 men in the aftermath of the cent of' the 19-year-old and 20-year-old men versity, served as an Air Force legal officer 1975 Angolan civil war. This Cuban force required to register for the draft failed to do . from 1966 to 1971 and then worked for Se· has been increased steadily to over 30,000 so, that would constitute 80,000 new law­ lective Service in Chicago until 1973 as a men, topped by a corps of several thousand breakers. counsel for the region of Minnesota, Wis· advisors from East European countries, es­ He added that nearly 40,000 criminal cases consin, Michigan, Illiriois, Indiana and Ohio. pecially the Soviet Union and East Ger­ were filed every year in the Federal courts, many. and that 24,000 convicts were being held in "I dealt almost exclusively with problem Federal prisons. cases," Guritz wrote in his biography, "so These forces of occupation are destroying To ascertain the Administration's inten­ that my experience at that time with re­ Angola: they· behave in a wantonly repres­ tions, Mr. Kastenmeier said, he will hold a spect to conscientious objectors was mainly sive manner; they foster disunity and bitter­ hearing on April 14 in his home district in limited to those who were recalcitrants and ness among the Angolan popu\ations; and Madison, Wis., at which testimony from political radicals." they create serious difficulties in the future Government officials and public witnesses He said the Vietnam experience together task of national reconstruction. will be taken. with the recent court decisions liberalizing There are atrocities, horrors, and brutal­ Meanwhile, the House Appropriations the law on who could qualify as a conscien­ ities committed daily by the Cubans against Committee scheduled a vote tomorrow on tious objector were the basis for his predic­ our people. The Cubans direct raids against the long-stalled measure to provide funds tion that about half the people called to· villages; they carry out arbitrary imprison­ for the registration of young men for mill· register would claim conscientious-objector ments; they bum down Protestant and tary service. status. He wrote the report released yester­ Catholic churches, transforming most of The bill has been held up because the day while serving as an Air Force major them into ~rmy barracks; they control Governinent has exceeded its budget ceiling · doing.,. two weeks of reserve duty at Sele(!tive almost every department of the Luanda · gov~ for the current fiscal year. However, the Ad· Service's Washington headquarters. - emment. Cuban neocolonialism has brought ministration has been putting . pressure on Selective Service assistant Joan Lamb said back slavery into Angola. Children aged Congress to transfer funds from another ac­ yesterday that Guritz's report "doesn't rep­ seven to·fifteen are shipped continuously to count and to push through a vote. Congres- · resent an inside view of the agency. It was Cuba to undergo a ten- to fifteen-year ideo­ sional officials said the Administration his thinking; Just a training exercise. We logical indoctrination, thereby becoming vic­ feared that the issue was. losing urgency and said thanks but no thanks.'' tims of a most vicious cultural imperialism that registration might be defeated if the Kastenmeier at his press conference said of our tim~. Over the last four years, about vote was put off until after the Easter "I have been constantly rebuffed" -in at­ 6,000 Angolan children have already been recess. tempting "to obtain Selective Service's cur­ ·sent to Pine Island in Cuba. In reality, these rent thinking on conscientious-objector children are abusively used as a labor force status. I therefore released this document in Cuba's sugar-cane fields, working under [From the WashingtoD"Post, Mar. 27. 19801 v.ery inhuman physical conditions. Upon because it represents aa inside view of the their return home, they no longer identify CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTOR PROBLEM SEEN agency's thinking _ with their Angolan culture. President Carter has recommended that the .nation's . 8 million 19- and 20-year-old We have seen human rights advocated all The nation can "reasonably expect" that men and women be registered for the draft over the world except in Angola. Democra­ half the people required to register for the this year. He has the authority, but not the cy, freedom of religion, and all other funda­ draft in a future emergency will declare money, to begin registration of men. He mental aspects of human rights are being themselves conscientious objectors, accord· needs congressional legislation to register wantonly violated, with· total impunity, in Ing to an internal Selective Service report women. Congress will not give him that au­ Angola, reflecting the agonizing double released yesterday. thority this year.e standards in the international community. A Selective Service representative said the With the demise of the repressive regimes report was one man's opinion, not the agen­ in Equatorial Guinea and Uganda, Angola cy's, while Rep. Robert W. Kastenmeier asserted it represents a "shocking" ANGOLA rights violations. inside view that has yet to be officially dta· avowed by the Carter administration. THE POLITICO-MILITARY SITUATION Released by Kastenmeier at a news con­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI Over the last two years, 'improved military ference. it was written last September by OF ILLINOIS training of our cadres, as well as the success­ Donald Guritz, a former Selective Service ful mass mobilization of the peqple, have region.al counsel for six Midwestern states. · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enabled UNITA to achieve the following The ·report recommends a series of stringent Friday, March 28, 1980 conditions: measures to deal with the "enormous prob· 1. We have succeed~d in paralyzing the lems" presented by conscientious objectors. e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, 4 enell,ly communication systems, including The federal government Should draft years of Marxist oppression, Soviet/ the Benguela and the Mocamedes emergency legislation to effect "complete Cuban style, have still not undermined railway lines. Any attempt to reopen rescission of the conscientious-objector ex­ the hopes of the Angolan people that the vital Benguela line will be a regrettable, emption" or at least restrict it to "practicing they will one day 'be freed ·from for­ costly exercise for all those who might oth· members of reltgious sects that specifically eign domination. Despite the constant erwise make the CFB a profitable economic prohibit participation in military service," asset. If we allowed the CFB to function, it the report said. atrocities committed against them, the cou1a be used to transport Cuban troops to Also, Selective Service should have the guerrillas continue their valiant resis­ massacre· our population. Moreover, the final say on whether someone is qualified tance. A great leader in the fight · for CFB, if allowed to operate normally, could for the conscientious-objector exemption to liberation is Dr. Jonas Savimbi, presi· also become a powerful tool of political and mllltary service. "Claims shall not be sub­ dent of the Union for the TotaJ Inde• economie pressure in the hands of Russia ject to review by any other agency, official pendence of Angola. During his · No· against the neighboring countries of Zambia or court of the United States in any manner vember 1979 visit to the United States, and Zaire. The leaders of these sister coun­ or . any proceeding whatever," the report tries understand that our action is not at all stated. . he made the following statement to aimed at undermining their economies. Those who are granted conscientious ob­ Freedom House Press, printed in Free- They also understand that real regional eco­ jector status, the report continued, should . dom at Issue, March-April 1980, No. nomic' progress and cooperation will only be be severely taxed "in lieu of military or al· 55: "A General View of the Situation possible when peace and stability come to temate service. ·in Angola": the 'region. especially to Angola. March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7133

2. Our forces are fighting in two-thirds of ~l other positions in Mrica,, in fact, depends tremendous sense of gmti&ude for being Angola's territory. We have engaged the on Russia's ability to maintain a puppet American. and their fidelity to the tradi­ enemy in battles around the cities of Dondo regime of hers in Angola.e tions and heritage of this country, are pre­ and Dalanta.ndo . cisely what lead to hostility, resentment. about 150 kilometers south and northeast of and frustration and, finally, to outbursts of the capital , respectively. Our protest and, occasionally, even of violence, urban guerrilla action has rendered it ALLARDK.LOWENSTEIN which then produce a wave of repression unsafe to live in many major cities. As a and even of klllings, which are then Justi­ result, the MPLA govemmerit has Imposed fied as necessary and appropriate responses almost a permanent curfew on the cities of HON. RICHARDSON PREYER to arbitrary violence. And that's the se­ Benguela, Lobito, Huambo, and others. OF NORTH CAROLINA quence. 3. Destroyed or damaged enemy property IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It wasn't random children gone crazy in military actions includes downed aircraft, under foreign sedition that ran up against dozens of locomotives and trains, trucks, Thursday, March 20, 1980 guns at Kent State and Jackson State. They bridges, and buildings. e Mr. PREYER. Mr. Speaker, the were not lunatics who were poisoned by 4. The morale of the enemy troops is visi­ death of Allard K. Lowenstein was a money to tum against their own people. bly shaken. The Cubans did not expect this tremendous loss to this Nation and to Those young men and women, whose disillu­ war to become so fierce and so protracted. all of us who enjoyed his friendship sionment and depression resound all over They know it has been a no-win ·war for this country, in every university and most them. The image of ·"Cuban invincibility,'' and had the opportunity to serve with schools, are the most· dedicated, the most created in the aftermath of Cuba's novel him -1n this body. Al had a special concerned, the most generous, the. most and successful use of the "Stalin Organ" in spirit that touched all Americans, hopeful of our own future generation, who Angola's 1975 civil war, has now vanished. young and old alike. have somehow, in the period since 1963, Revolts, mutinies, coup attempts, purges, Al was an adopted son of my State, been made lo feel so sour about w'hat their and desertions characterize the internal in­ North Carolina, although he may have goverrtment does and says that they are stability of the MPLA forces and govern­ seemed an unlikely Carolinian at first now in a condition that leads to the kind of · ment. events that have marked the past few years glance. He was educated at the Univer­ and have scarred the memorl' of our people 5. In desperation, starting in mid-1978, the sity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill late Agostinho Neto, leader of the MPLA, with.such moments as Kent State and Jack· initiated a series of political and diplomatic and began his career there as assistant son State. maneuvers termed "Neto's overtures to the to the president of the university, his Now all of this needs to be understood by West." Such gestures appeared to be aimed beloved mentor Frank Porter Graham. the President and the Vice-president, be­ solely at isolating our resistance from those He returned to .Chapel Hill and to cause if they don't understand it, and if all countries that support us. Having become North Carolina often to renew old they think that they need do is to pin libel· more and more unpopular at home, Neto ap- friendships and to make new ones. . ems labels on people they don't care for, . peared to seek comfort abroad. Of course, people who don't agree with them. then Al Lowenstein was a symbol of vision they are, in fact, going to wreak extraordi· the MPLA could not and should not seek and hope in a world that is 'Sometimes peace with Zaire while fostering war and nary havoc on this country. They are virtu­ discord at home; Neto could not effectively too practical. His dimensions of good­ ally going to lose for us our sons and our speak of reconciliation with neighboring ness. and greatness transcended philo­ daughters. They are going to refuse their countries while shirkiilg dialogue with his sophic cliff erences. His admirers loyalty, their loye of country, their spirit. countrymen. He could not be sincere in his ranged from the late Robert Kennedy and their generosity. They are going to turn overtures to the West while clinging faith­ to William F. Buckley. these into something embittered and nega­ fully to the Soviet and Cuban orientation. Al Lowenstein had a special sense, a tive; they are going to make of our people a 6. In reality, however, we know that for country that cannot stand. Because a house special perception of the mood of the divided in that fashion cannot stand. several months before his sudden death Dr. country and of young people in partic­ Neto was becoming increasingly aware of There was a quote from Vietnam some the inevitability of coming to grips with the ular. His special vision and hope for time ago, after the events at My Lai; a colo­ reality of dialogue and reconciliation with the future is expressed in the follow­ nel was asked about the complaints of some UNITA. Such a position may have dis­ ing article, written in 1971, "For As of the draftees about those events. What he pleased the Soviets; but Neto had realized Long As It Takes." It is a statement of said was: "The young are idealistic; and that the mli.jority of his own militants Al Lowenstein and that vision. I com­ they don'•t like man's inhumanity to man. would have been in favor of dialogue .and mend it to· my colleagues: But as they get older, they will become wiser and more tolerant.'' I suppose that if reconciliation for the sake of lasting peace FOR AS LoNG AS IT TAKES and the country's economic reconstruction. one could summarize the horror-show of the Shortly before Neto's death, Mr. Jose , the FBI and the ty, we immediately opt out of trying to wisdom through the awful grace of God." CIA to keep Americans informed on vital change It at all and leave the state to the So let us dedicate ourselves to what the matters. things we see happening when we quit? I Greeks wrote so many years ago, to tame The most itnminent of the threats is the just don't believe that. There's too much at the savageness of man and to make gentle one directed at the FTC. Without public stake in this whole test, this whole turning the life of this world. Let us dedicate our­ hearings, the Hoi.tse and Senate have passed that we're at, to allow such a response. selves to that and say a prayer for our coun­ legislation letting the FTC withhold "any In conclusion, I wish to quote two things. try, for our people." documentary written reports" provided The first is from John Garner who made a The President, I think, would do well to by a business firm to the FTC. This would very remarkable speech some time ago in note that we who oppose his policies are no.t include such important consumer informa­ which he said: bums but men, that we are not cops but nei­ tion as quality and safety tests, pricing poli­ "As we enter the 1970s, there are many ther are we cop-outs, that we are alien nei­ cies and advertising costs. curious aspects of our situation, but none ther to this land nor to its Constitution. We Business firms would merely have to more strange than our state of mind. We are, on the contrary, the heart of this land rubber-stamp information they give to the March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7135 FTC as "confidential" in order to exempt it THE CREDIBILITY OF THE REFUGEE· INFORMANT observers. and mentioned in their reports, from disclosure. The business foxes would I da not share the confidence of my study. that the nations of southeast· Asia, includ· be minding the disclosure chicken coop. mission colleagues in the credibility of the ing Vietnam, have become very much aware Immediate action is needed by consumer-. informant who has stated that he knows of their own independence and sovereignty protection groups and concerned citizens to that the remains of some 400 Americans and are highly sensitive to any encroach· defeat this measure. The legislation gagging listed as Missing in Action are being with· ment upon it, no matter how slight. As this the FTC ls scheduled to go before a House· held b_y the Vietnamese. . Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs Senate conference committee, which is The informant's credibility hangs ·by. four observed in its report, "Prospects for Re­ almost the last step before congressional en­ threads which, in my opinion, cannot sup­ gional Stability: Asia and Pacific,'' "The na­ actment. Reps. Richard L. Ottinger, D-Ma· pprt the burden. They are: tions of Southeast Asia are moving to shape maroneck, and James H. Scheuer, D-N.Y., 1. The inform~t described specifically a their own destiny • • • ." Another example, are committee membel'S. fairly large building, with a courtyard, at during our visit to Thailand on January 16, Business groups feel they need protection No. 17 Ly Nam oe·in Hanoi; 1980, Prime Minister Kriangsak firmly re­ from FTC regulatory zeal. They may have 2. An aerial photograph clearly confirms jected the idea of having an 'external force good reason in some cases, but withholding that, indeed, there is such a building at that police the troubled Thai-Kampuchean details of all dealings with the FTC while site; · border, expressing confidence that the Thai the agency struggles, sometimes intermina­ 3. The informant passed a polygraph test; and asking for ~ddition·al U.S. military materiel death for some product users could be a far 4. The delegation notes-that "the inform· assistance only. greater danger and ultimately boomerang ant gained nothing personally by communi· The Final Report of the Select Committee against industry. · eating.the information." on Missing Persons in Southeast Asia, "Americans Missing in Southeast Asia" There~s an important postscript to all this. Th~ first two p0ints are actually one, One of the biggest issues affecting the namely, that there is a building at the desig­ test is of no probative value. It Southeast Asia should study carefully the e Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, is notorious that the results of such tests one authoritative work on the subject. recently a congressional study mission are often unreliable, and that they can be namely, "Americans Missing in Southeast to Asia was conducted under the aus:. "defeated" by · artfUl persons. Throughout Asia," the Final Report of the Select Com· pices of the Subcommittee on Asian our land, our courts have ref~ed to accept mittee on Missing Persons in Southeast and Pa,cific Affairs.' Hon. GEORGE E. polygraph tests as evidence. Asia, House Report No. 94-1764. That DANIELSON was a member of this mis· Lastly, the contention that the informant report has set the benchmark for quality in sion and has filed additional and sepa­ gained nothing personally by communicat­ its thoroughness, organization, detail, objec· ing the information is both an unfounded tivity, compassion and accurateness. The rate views concerning Americans still assumption and contrary to the facts. No distinguished Chairman of that Select Com· missing and unaccounted for in South· one can know what motivations the inform­ mittee, Rep. G. V. Montgomery , that Pension, Insurance and Memorial Affairs of withholding the remains of some 400 Ameri· the Vietnamese declined to permit the dele· the House Committee on Veterans Affairs. cans listed as Missing in Action in Southeast gation to inspect the sit.e. That is true. Yet The Director informed the Subcommittee Asia and stated that they had no additional for the sake of full understanding it is nec­ that at present, each year, the remains of information on American MIAs and POWs essary to recall other well established facts. from one <1 > to three <3 > American service· to provide at this time. In recent years it has been noted by many men, who have been Missing in Action from 7136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 World War II, are still being recovered- in FACE .· FACTS ON, OLYMPIC KELLY SERVES-THE PEOPLF Europe. Further, the Director testified, in BOYCO'IT WIN 1979 a World War II U.S. Army Air Corps air crash was found in New Guinea and the remains of eight <8> crew members, Ameri­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI HON. LARRY McDONALD cans all, were recovered and identified. OF GEORGIA OF ILLINOIS The probabilities of such casual finding IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and return are less in the case of the Viet­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nam war since Southeast Asia presents more Friday, March 28, 1980 Friday, March 28, 1980 troublesome problems of terrain, climate e Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, and geography. The Montgomery Commit­ e Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker. the tee report describes some of these problems. sometimes in our rush to judgment. at page 197. as follows: President, after a very vigorous and and this is particularly so when public dramatic start. has displayed a defi­ figures are tried in the press. w·e tend "DIFFICULTCES nite lack of followthrough in the to overlook the positive contributions movement for · an Olympic boycott. of the person involved. Therefore. in "It must be recognized at the outset that many of the missing men cannot be ac­ The March 26 edition of the Chicago the interest of fairness to a colleague counted for, either by former enemies or by Sun-Times. in a forceful and timely and a friend, I would like to try and our own forces. This inability to render an editorial, calls for stronger and more lend some balance to the discussion of accounting derives from one or more of the consistent leadership from the Presi­ the so-called Abscam by placing in the following factors: Some losses occurred in dent. I wish to insert this editorial for RECORD at this time a column on Rep­ remote areas·or at sea where it ts highly un­ the Members• attention: resentative RICHARD KELLY from the likely and even impossible to gain access to Largo Sentinel of February 28; 1980. the crash site or wreckage of an aircraft. Other men simply disappeared while on an FACE FACTS ON OLYMPIC BOYCOTT The column follows: aerial combat mission. Still others were lost The unofficial word cautions patience: KELLY SERVES-THE PEOPLE WIN while engaged in ground combat or on re­ Just wait, some sources say, until ·u·s abso­ One conclusion comes from the disclosure connaissance patrols deep in enemy terri­ lutely clear the United States won't go to by the FBI that they have tried to trap tory. Where aircraft losses are involved, the the Moscow Olympics. and most of Western Congressman Richard Kelly. Congressman . traumatic nature of many of the crashes Europe will boycott, too. "Once America's Kelly was acting within his Constitutional suggests there will be few identifiable re­ allies realize that CPresidentl Carter's posi­ legislative and official authority. mains. particularly in cases where local in­ tion is firm." one magazine says, they'll The FBI was acting illegally! digenous persons are the only witnesses to This Constitutional authority is expressed an event which may have occurred many follow suit. in Article I, Section 6, Clause 1 of the Con­ years ago. Since they are not skilled in Unfortunately, their plan has some de­ stitution which spedfies that Congress­ crash site investigation, natives could not be fects: It's redundant, stupid and cowardly. . men ... expected to search aircraft wreckage or to So is the continual simpering by the U.S. ". . . shall in all cases, except treason, sift through the debris to identify, collect, Olympic Committee and some U.S. athletes, felony and breach of the peace, be privi­ and save partial remains of an unfortunate who seem intent on undercutting Carter leged from arrest during their attendance of aircrewman. The ravages of time and cli­ and his administration if it's at all possible. any session of their respective houses or in mate and actions of predatory animals com­ What more can the Olympic committees going to or returning from the same." bine to destroy traces of crash and grave and the athletes hope for? Only last week­ This power exists and has been recognized sites, particularly in remote areas where as one ... other humans are unlikely to have wit­ end, Carter went on the record for the ump­ teenth tiine in a White House meeting with "necessary to the public good so that Con­ nessed combat incidents or to have chanced gressmen would be immune from any deter­ on the scene afterwards. In some crashes 100 U.S. athletes. "I can't say what other nations will not go," the president said. rence to the uninhibited discharge of their disintegration is so complete that no recog­ legislative duty." nizable debris or remains can be located." "Ours will not go. I say that without any equivocation." The Supreme Court has further ruled The report then goes on with case histor­ that •.. ies to establish that there are many remains Was that too wishy-washy for the Olym­ "Information gathering whether by issu­ which are simply non-recoverable and there­ pic committees to understand? Apparently~ ance of subpoena or field work by a Senator fore non-accountable. Fifteen European committees snubbed the or his staff, is essential to informed delib­ To the same effect. see the report of the boycott the next· day. Their· giant sports eration over proposed legislation." <1976> Special Committee on Southeast Asia dated bureaucracies seem too firmly entrenched Congressmen are the eyes and ears of the September 7, 1978. for Carter's 'Y~ll-taken point to hav~ impact. public. They are the persons who have a Any study of this subject must include the The committees aren't the only culprits, duty to know -everything they can know conclusions of the Montgomery Committee of course. Other sports special interests about what is going on anywhere in the report. which begin at page 238 and are have been weighing in with a vengeance. nation, or in the world for that matter. Con­ fully supported by the record. Among them But Carter has a trump card against the So­ gress is the only truly representative branch are the following: viets-a multimillion-dollar ace, with of the Government. It is the one branch of honors, points against their giant propagan­ Government biennially refreshed by the "That, compared to previous wars, the vote of the people. That, of course. is the ul­ proportionate number of Americans missing da snow as well-and he is most certainly timate safeguard against any abuse of the in Vietnam is remarkably small. playing it. Congressional power. _ "That in Indochina the missing Americans Sure, the boycott's political. Just as Mos­ ··Neither the Judiciary nor the executive total only 4 percent of the number killed in cow's sports sideshow is political. Listen to branch of Government .has the power to in­ action, compared to 22 percent in World Bernard Levin of the Times of London: quire into the motivation of a Congress­ War II and Korea." man's conduct." '·That the governments of Indochina may "'I'he Soviet Union, contrary to the letter "Once it is determined that Members of be capable of returning the remains of more as well as the spirit of the Olympic Charter, Congress are acting within their legislative than 150 Americans, including any located uses the Olympic movement entirely for sphere of activity the speech and debate through crash site investigations." propaganda purposes. pays her Olympic clauses afford absolute protection from out­ Since that time a number of remains have athletes, discriminates among athletes on side challenge." been located and returned to the United grounds of race and political opinion ..• These rules of law in cases approved by States, estimated at less than 75 by knowl­ and concludes her list of offenses against the Supreme Court of the United States edgeable persons. the Olympic rules by invading and occupy­ show the Constitutional question that is In conclusion I respectfully submit that ing a fellow member of the 01YltlPiC move- raised by a Department of Justice scheme to we must continue our efforts to encourage 1nent." try to trap certain Senators and Congress­ the Indochinese governments to be alert t.o The Soviets themselves gloat that the men. the finding of remains, and that we should The question is whether it is in the public make every reasonable effort to maintain ·Moscow site "is convincing proof of the uni­ good and in the public interest for a Con­ good working relationships with those gov­ versal recognition of the historical impor­ gressman to have the immunity which the ernments in order to achieve that end. We tance and correctness of . . . our foreign Constitution gives him. Consider two facts can do far more with cooperation and good policy." . that have come out of this whole sordid ex­ will than can ever be achieved by confronta­ The commit.tees that still wavered in the ecutive department operation so far. tion. weekend vote ought to get off the fence. Example 1. Senator Larry Pressler is invit­ GEORGE E. DANIELSON, The boycott is a fact. They might as well ed to the Abscam house, solicited to "ltelp Member of Congress.• face it.e an Arab Sheik" and is offered money. Sena- March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7137 toi: , J>r~~sler. says, "that is not why .1 was: in· until six months after their arrest. Mean· won. The docket was cleared,· the adminis· vited here. The whole thing would be im· while Judge Kelly and other "Civil Judges" tra.tion of Justice was improved. proper." He leaves. He reports the matter to occasionally sat idle in their Chambers. 1962-Judge Kelly's next big hassle. He no one. The public never hears of it: Com· JUDGE KELLY ACTS was dividing his time between Pinellas mendable for Senator Pressler but was the County and Pasco County as a Circuit public interest served? Judge KellY says this is wrong. "I don't Judge is supposed to do; In rural Pasco Example 2. Congressman Kelly is invited care what the other Judge said. My authori· County Judge Kelly ordered lawyers to to the same house on the same pretext and ty ts the same as his.'' He ordered the Sher· wear coats and ti~ to Court. This made offered money on the same circumstances, tff to bring unarraigned prisoners before many lawyers furious who had been accus­ that is to "help the Shiek.'' The implied him so that they could be arraigned within tomed to a more informal system. Judge help requested is the same asked of Senator a day after their arrest and the Public De­ Kelly demanded that lawyers be prepared Pressler. Kelly goe·s along with the scheme f ender appointed on the spot where they for their cases, showed impatience with law· that far. He is not asked to do anything im· could not afford counsel of their cwn. yers fumbling through their evidence in his proper and he does not do anything or even Anyone not living in the Sixth Judicial Court and by his questions clearly embar· take a single step toward doing anythi.ng im· Circuit at that time could only imagine the ·rassed some lawyers in front of their clients. proper. Now the whole matter is leaked to huge furor that this caused. The Senior Fury would be a mild word to describe the the public. On those facts which of these Judge was furious. The other judges were reaction of the embarrassed lawyers. He representatives served the public. The one upset. The newspapers had a field-day with also declined to discuss cases over the tele· who said "No" and went away or the one this upstart Judge Kelly who dared buck phone and refused to allow other informal who pursued the matter and took no illegal the system· imposed by a popular and highly ways in which the Courts had been operat· action. Each individual's reaction will be col­ respected Senior Judge. ed. This upstart Republican Judge sitting in ored by their present opinion of the Gov­ The Senior Judge ordered the Sheriff not an eighty percent Democratic rural strong­ ernment in general, their Congress· and the to take prisoners before Judge Kelly. Judge hold now had made so many people angry particular Congressman who took each of Kelly stood his ground and told the Sheriff with his reform that they persuaded their the foregoing actions. that he, the Sheriff, would go to jail for Democratic representatives to ·introduce a I am a friend of Judge Kelly, I admire his Contempt of Court if he, the Sheriff, re­ Bill in the Florida Legislature "impeaching" courage and integrity, his willingness to fu~ed to obey the orders of the Court. "My Judge Kelly. tackle entrenched bureaucracy on behalf of authority is the same as his, no less." The 1962-The Florida House of Representa­ the public, and his absolute loyalty and Sheriff submitted, brought prisoners before tives conducted a hearing on the Articles of dedication to this country. Judge Kelly and they were promptly ar· "Impeachment." After hearing the wit­ Even some of his detractors have said that raigned, assigned Public Defender where ap­ nesses they found the charges insufficient in seventeen years of public office no one propriate, and trial date set. This system, or and declined to vote out the Articles of Im· has ever accused him of a single dishonest something close to it, has been in effect ever peachment. act. since. Judge Kelly served the people with 1962-KELLY'S FIRST VIDEO TAPE With that out of the way, we can now pro· intelligence, guts, backbone and determina· ceed to an objective examination of the On the evening that it was announced tion and the people win. that the House had declined to vote the Ar­ public good. My conclusion is that a Con· 1961-In challenging the system Judge gressman who is subjected to a bribery at­ ticles of the Impeachment, Judge Kelly in Kelly made a lot of enemies within the an interview on television, said that he had tempt serves the public best by going along system. In defeating a Judge at the election as far as he can in order to get to the root of Just been doing his duty and that now "I am he made a number of enemies of the sup­ going back to Pasco County and really run the matter, find out who the principals are, porters of that Judge. In winning as a Re­ understand why bribes are being offered my Court the way it ought to be run." This and who is offering them and what they are publican he created resentment among the quote on video tape so infuriated the Demo· trying to do to the public on account of it. A hierarchy of the Democratic party who re­ crats that they reconvened the House the report by a Congressman to an FBI agent is sented this upstart Republican. These con­ next day, reversed themselves and voted to obviously futile. Senator Pressler did not siderable forces now created a new Judge­ adopt the Articles of Impeachment which even bother to report the offer of money! ship for the Sixth Circuit and had the they had refused to adopt the day before. The persons involved are obviously interme­ Judge who had been defeated at the polls N<>' new evidence. Now a Senate trial would diaries. Their language is such that they appointed to the new Judgeship. As soon as have to tie held on the validity of these could claim to be misunderstood and that that was done Kelly's next big hassle was in charges. ends the matter with one exception. When a the making. 1963-February 1961, Senate trial of briber passes money with intent to influ­ 1961-The first Judges' Conference of Judge Kelly on Articles of Impeachment. ence official action, he commits a criminal Sixth Judicial Circuit Judges in 1961 turned Judge Kelly was acquitted and returned to offense on the spot. The person taking the into a knock down, drag out fight. The his duties as Circuit Judge in the Sixth Ju. money can take it for several proper reasons effort was to confine Judge Kelly to Pinel­ dicial Circuit. and only one improper reason. That is las County and keep him out of Pasco 1964-Judge Kelly is now elected as pre­ where the matter stands today. What Con­ County where the appointed Judge was siding Judge of the Sixth Judicial Circuit. gressman Kelly's motivations were in taking spending the bulk of his time. The Senior Then comes the next big hassle. Judge the money may be suspect, but certainly Judge is quoted reliably as saying: "Well, Kelly finds that most divorce cases are they have not been proven to be felonious! Dick, you are going to have to come down being referred to Masters while some Judges Congressman Kelly undoubtedly had Con­ here and work with us." Judge Kelly re­ are sitting around with time on their hands. stitutional authority to pursue the scam· plied; "My authority is the same as yours. I This is a waste of the Court's time and a dis­ mers until he reached the top if he chose to will come down here and run my Court the service to the people who experience the do so. way it ought to be run." extra delay as well as the extra expense of Let us examine his entire record to see if Judge Kelly ordered the Clerk to bring having their cases presented to a Master. that will heip us in deciding whether he was before him the docket of all pending civil This requires that the record be transcribed working in the public interest·or whether he cases. Kelly finds some cases that had been and then submitted to a Judge on the Mas­ . was committing a dishonest act for the first left on the pending docket for fifty years ter's recommendation. Judge Kelly proposes time. Here is his record of twenty years of with no action. He dismisses eleven thou­ to assign the responsibility for the expedi· public service. sand cases which had been pending for tious hearing of all divorce cases on one 1960-Richard Kelly elected Circuit Judge more than one year with no action. This Judge. There was resistance to this proposal in the Sixth Judicial Court for Pinellas and created furor on the bench. It created fury on the Bench since cases were then being Pasco County, Florida. · and embarrassment to many lawyers who assighed on a rotation basis. Judge Kelly ac­ 1961-:-Judge Kelly sworn in as Circuit had neglected their clients' cases. This cepted the decision of the other Judges con· Judge. First big hassle. Judge Kelly finds earned the Judge the respect of many law­ cerning their cases but ordered all cases as­ that defendants are sitting in jail for a yers but the enmity of those who were signed to him to be brought before him month or more before being brought before caught. The docket was cleared, Kelly without a Master. "Their authority is the the Court for arraignment. The Senior served the people once again. same as mine," he said. Judge Kelly's cases Judge of the Court had directed all criminal Judge Kelly then ordered the Clerk to were handled expeditiously. Some other cases be brought before him. At arraign· submit the docket of all unresolved cases on Judges started following his example ·and ment indigent defendants would then ask appeal. The Senior Judge ordered the Clerk hearing their own cases. Again Kelly served for a lawyer and be sent back to Jail while to ignore Judge Kelly's order. Judge Kelly and the people won. their case was processed to determine threatened to cite the Clerk for contempt 1964-Again another big hassle. Presiding whether they were eligible to have the and gave him a specific time to produce the Judge Kelly finds waste in the Jury system. Public Defender appointed. Then they were appeal docket. On the day the Clerk obeyed Jurors are being summoned to hear cases kept in Jail while the Public Defender pre· the order the Senior Judge dismissed one only to be told after they arrived at the pared to defend them and in some instances hundred and thirty-five appeals and sent Courthouse that the cases had been settled because of crowded calendar and a single the balance of the docket to Judge Kelly. that morning. The Jury was then paid and Judge taking criminal cases, were not tried Agai? Judge Kelly served and the people sent home. The Judge of the settled cases 7138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 now had no work for the rest of that day. Congressman Kelly's record as· a Con· yourself, "Yes, that ts · exactly what I Sometimes . because of settlement a Judge gressman is a continuation of his record as a have been thinking." did not hear a single case all week. This waa Circuit Judge. He has continued to stand ·for a huge inconvenience to the people sum­ what he believed to be right and has exer­ I had that feeling this morning as I moned as Jurors only to be sent home and a cised his authority and office for the good read Peter A. Jay's column in the Bal· needless expense and waste of takpayers of the people. He is outspoken and straight· timore Sun, entitled "The Traveling money. Judge Kelly ordered twenty cases forward. He has incurre(I the enmity of Man." set for Jury trial each Monday. He ordered people in the Congress and the administra­ While neither I nor others are pre· all lawyers to be ready to try their cases aa tion who have succeeded in weakening our pared to defend any excesses commit­ soon · as the case ahead of them on the national defense. ·The public record con­ ted during the regime of the Shah of docket was decided or settled, If one case firms that the Senators and Congressmen was settled the next case went immediately who pride themselves on · being "liberals,.. Iran, such events cannot be isolated to trial before the Jury that had been sum­ such as McGovern, Hart, Bayh, etc.• regard from the assistance he gave to the moned for that week. After the Jury verdict Congressman Kelly as an enemy. He fought United States over many years as well the next case was called. At the end of the valiantly to prevent the Panama Canal give­ as the horrible and irrational charac­ week twenty cases had been disposed of. the a-way. This did not make him any more en­ ter of the current Government of Iran Jurors had served their term and could now emies but it did ·make his liberal enemies which replaced him. be discharged. Again Kelly served and the madder. He has opposed unilateral disarm­ Our paramount interest should be to people won. Kelly was quoted publicly as ing of this nation, the attempt to disarm the saying. "We don't need more Judges, we just people and all efforts to expand the power do what is best for our own Nation, in­ need to work the ones we have:• This of the Central Government over the lives of cluding what must be done to free the ·earned him a few more enemies in office the citizens. hostages in Tehran unharmed. But it and a lot more friends among people who scAMGATE surely is not in the interest of our were not in public office. country's future to treat our f orelgn 1966...-Judge Kelly re-elected overwhelm- If it was an impeachable offense for then i 1 H i d · c President Nixon to authorize the entry of friends ·and allies in the manner in ng y. e carr e Pinellas ounty solidly the Democrats political office to search for which President Carter has chosen to and received over seventy percent of the vote in Pasco County, where Democrats out- evidence. in the case that ·1ater came to be treat the Shah. It is small wonder that register Republicans by a wide margin. called Watergate. then we ought now to in- the U.S. Government finds itself in· 1968-Another hassle. This time there was quire whether this President Carter knew creasingly alone in the world. a different .effort b~ the Kelly enemies "to beforehand that his Attorney General's The article follows: get.. Kelly. There had been written into the office was going to set up. a ruse in order to try to knock off certain Congressmen. THE TRAVELING MAN Florida Constituti9n. 1968 revision. a provi- There was considerable suspicion in that Back go the shah and his retinue of poo­ sion that allowed the appointment of a Ju- election that McGovern and others dicial Qualifications Commission with 1972 dles and bodyguards. hippity-hop. across ·power to investigate and recommend the re- were accepting contributions from Commu- the ocean. The Statue of Liberty's promise moval from office of any Judge whose con- nist sources. Where else could you hope to to accept the tired. the poor and the tem­ duct "after November 1. 1966 .. "demonstrat- find evidence· of this 6ther than in the pest-tossed having proved about as sound as ed unfitness to hold office" whatever that Democratic headquarters. the Carter dollar. the familiar perils of the means. This law was clearly aimed at Judge There is absolutely no evidence that Con­ Old World are deemed preferable to the un· Kelly and constituted a departure from the gressman Kelly or Judge Kelly has ever certain hypocrisies of the New. long settled rule that if Judges were to truly committed an illegal. disloyal or dishonest This time it's to Egypt, where the resident represent the people they had to be free of act. Even the evidence "leaked" by the FBI strongman happens to be an individual of the fear of retaliation or reprisal and free to does not show such an act. What it does principle and courage. as well as the sort of exercise their authority under the law. The show is that the FBI initiated the idea of Muslim who would die rather than betray a old law was based upon the system in which trying to set-up Judge Kelly. The· "scam.. guest. For the shah. this will be a pleasant Appeals could correct any legal mistakes, was carefully arranged so that what he change from Panama;· in Egypt he will be and the next election could effect the re- would be asked to do would not be illegal. able to undergo surgery without the locals moval of any Judge not favored by the Under the Constitution Congressman Kelly going through his pockets while he is on the people. The argument in support of this had the right, the duty. the authority and operating table. - new law was that it was "too hard .. to im· the obligation to trace this matter down to The Egyptians, moreover, have a psycho­ peach a Judge. Judge Kelly's prior trial had its source and find out who it was that was logical strength quite lacking in Panama. showed that you had to prove that a Judge trying· to bribe Congressmen and what it which permits them to allow the shah to had done something wrong. Now under the was that they were trying to do. The FBI, import any gringo surgeons he chooses new law his enemies complained to the Judi· on the other hand. had absolutely no au­ without considering it an affront to the na­ cial Qualifications commission that Judge thority to manufacture a fake attempt at in­ tional honor. The Panamanians apparently Kelly was "crazy, .. that he had embarrassed fluence and tben to try to trap certain se­ believed that if one of their own meat.cut­ lawyers. that he had bucked the system. lected Congressmen with it. If ihe executive ters couldn't hack out ·the shah's spleen, etc., etc. :f'rom their point of view that made branch of Government ·has that power they nobody else ought to be allowed a try. him "crazy... will have the unbridled . power to control If you're hardboiled about it. like the.self. 1969-Judge Kelly is certified· as "not Congress. A Congressman•s career can be righteous sermonizers who are currently crazy .. by the Johns Hopkins Hospital and Jeopardized and his public support eroded making what passes for American foreign The Duke University Medical center. The by "leaks,.. in an election year. The 'fact policy. you will not find it difficult to sup­ report of the J.Q.C. was submitted to the that he is later exonerated or acquitted press your sympathy for the deposed mon­ Supreme court. The Supreme court dis· after he is defeated at the polls will be small arch of Iran. missed the action of the Judicial Qualifica- comfort to him or to the people he served; He and his unattractive family have, after tions Commission, but administered a "rep- Perhaps it is time to start a congressional all. too much money for their own good, rimand.. to Judge Kelly. The Chief Judge of . inquiry concerning "what did the President milked from the country they once ruled the Supreme court of Florida wrote a -dis- know. and when... If he knew beforehand and which now howls for their blood. They sent saying that this action in reprimanding that the Attorney General's office was set­ lived iuxurious lives until they were ejected; this Judge on the facts before it was im· ting up a scam to try to engineer the politl­ now. while some of the luxury remains, they proper. cal defeat of a particular . Congressman. are . r~aping a whirlwind. It is simple. and 1972-Judge Kelly reelected without oppo- then the same rule should be applied to this hardboiled. to shrug. sition. No Kelly hater would submit himself President Carter as it was applied to Rich­ When he was in charge. the shah's secret to the voters in a popular election against ard Nixon.e police undoubtedly tortured people, in the Judge Kelly. time-honored custom of the Persian Gulf 1974-This is the Watergate year. Repub­ police states. That wasn't nice-and perhaps licans generally were not in favor. Judge CARTER'S SHABBY TREATMENT it really isn't relevant that the religious cru­ Kelly is the only Republican elected to Con­ OF THE SHAH OF IRAN saders who replaced him, always on the gress · in the sixteen ~outhern and border lookout for more titillating diversions than states. Obviously, he had widespread sup­ HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN chanting feverishly or chopping up terrified port among both Democrats and Republi· camels in honor of Allah, would welcome cans. OF MARYLAND the opportunity to torture him in return. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1976-November 1976 Congressman Kelly The Cart~r administration, which in a reelected to the 95th Congress. Elected as Friday, March 28, 198-0 little over three years has devalued the vice president of his class of Congressmen. phrase "human rights.. from a sacred cause 1978-Congressman Kelly reelected to the • Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, every to an empty slogan. now takes the position 96th Congress. also elected president of his now and then one reads something in that the shah was a pretty unsavory fellow. class of Co~gressmen. · the newspapers that makes you say to and· has washed its hands of him. March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7139 It allowed him into the United States fur­ stant fear for their survival. Israel dismantled. In this policy, Carter is wrong tively and guiltily, as though to offer medi­ wants peace, but a just and lasting legally, wrong politicaly and wrong mili· cal care to a sick man were a criminal act. peace in which every state in the area tarily. Then, faced with the seizure of the embassy It is true that since the Six Day War the in Tehran, an event about which it had can live in security. United States government has taken the been warned but still remained blithely un­ We have a deep-rooted commitment nominal position that Israel· held the Sinai, prepared for, it forced him out again, this to the vital democratic nation of Israel the Golan Heights, the West Bank and the time into the clutches of the Panamanians. based in common values as well as na· Gaza Strip only as the military occupant There, it gave every evidence of hoping, per­ tional security interests. We cannot under international law. The State Depart­ haps he would conveniently die. Instead, he compromise our support for our true ment has pointed out that under Article 49 decamped-or escaped. friend and surest ally by acquiescing of the Fourth Geneva Convention a state A quarter-century of American support to extremists Arab demands. The administering the territory of another state for the shah of Iran might, perhaps, have as military occupant cannot in the absence been a mistake-though his contribution to clamor for "self-determination for the of military necessity or governmental need years of relative stability in the Middle Palestinians" is extremely ill advised displace the inhabitants of the territory and East, not to mention the production of and can only jeopardiz·e the peace establish its own citizens in their place. many million barrels of oil, suggests that it process already set in motion. Eugene This provision was drafted to deal with wasn't. But it did represent a commitment V. Rostow's insightful article "Of Isra­ "individual or mass forcible transfers of made by five consecutive American presi­ el's Future and American Folly" which population," like those in Czechoslovakia, dents, including-most effusively, back in recently appeared in the Washington Poland and Hungary. Israeli administration 1978-the incumbent. Star elaborates on the absolute de­ of the areas has involved no forced transfer This administration's behavior toward the of populations or deportations. shah since his downfall, and especially since structiveness of ·the administration's The Israelis responded to the State De­ his illness, is the most unprincipled treat­ newly apparent policy orientation partment in an argument of great cogency ment of a friendly present or former head toward the Middle East. which the State Department has never an­ of state since John F. Kennedy and his whiz I commend this article to my col­ swered. The Israeli view is that while the kids conspired in the murder of Ngo Dinh league's attention: Geneva Conventions apply to the Israeli oc­ Diem. OF ISRAEL'S FuTURE AND AMERICAN FOLLY cupation of the Golan Heights and the In many respects, the Carter actions have Sina.i, which the Syrian or Egyptian terri­ been even worse. Diem was a genuine obsta­ The proverbial man from Mars might well tory in the contemplation of international cle to American foreign policy in South conclude that the puppets were in charge. law, they do not apply to the Israeli occupa­ Vietnam, which in 1963 was seeking to en­ The Soviet ventriloquist moves his lips, and tion of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, courage the formation of a less hard-line the leaders of Western Europe and the which have not ·been recognized as parts of regime. If he had agreed to leave, and had United States recite his words. For a any state but are still unallocated territories asked for protection, he would have been number of years our minds have been bom­ of the Palestine Mandate. given it, no questions asked. His death only barded with "detente," "Helsinki" and Since the Conventions ·deal only with mili­ came about when he insisted on clinging to "SALT II." tary occupation by one state of territory be­ power. Now, and with the same piety, the chorus longing to another, Israel said, it is not But the shah has abandoned his throne. is chanting "Self-determination for the Pal­ obliged to apply the Conventions in the He holds no power. There is a price on his estinians." We and our West European allies' West Bank and the Gaza Strip but would do· head, and he is of political consequence only are behaving as if the Israeli policy of estab· so in general terms as a matter of its own because Jimmy Carter's willingness to make lishing settlements on the West Bank were policy. This approach to the problem has him a pawn in a card-game with terrorists the only obstacle or, indeed, an obstacle of just been confirmed and upheld by the Is­ has made him so. If Mr. Carter were serious any kind to achieving peace between Israel raeli Supreme Court, in a case holding a set· about "human rights," he would have grant­ and Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq and Saudi tlement illegal under Israeli law. ed asylum to the shah as a political refugee Arabia. The disagreement between the United the moment he left Iran, and made his secu­ We are told with increasing vehemence States and Israel on this subject slumbered rity here non-negotiable. that unless the West Bank and the Gaza for years. No effort was made to push it to a Had he done so, there is no way imagin­ Strip are made into a PLO mini-state, or definite conclusion until the Carter adminis­ able that the situation in Tehran, or in the transferred to Jordan, it will be impossible tration, with its fervent enthusiasm for the entire Middle East for that matter, could be to unite the Arab world -in a solid alliance so-called "Palestinian" cause, took office in any worse than it is today. Quite possibly, against the Soviet conquest of the Middle 1977. the seizure of the embassy would never have East and all that it would imply. The American argument weak at best in occurred. And certainly the shah in the Why Arab willingness to resist Soviet con­ terms of the language and history of the United States would be less a threat to the quest should depend upon Israeli settle­ Conventions, has been furt.her eroded by stability of the Arab world than the shah in ments in the West Bank is never explained. the development of international law since Egypt. If the Arab states really were exercised 1967 in connection with the future of the The shah is no . hero-. He was a petty about the Israeli settlements, there is a Southwest African Mandate, now known as tyrant, with whom it suited our purposes­ simple and effective remedy they could Namibia. and Mr. Carter's-to deal. He doesn't per­ pursue: They could. make peace with Israel In a series of decisions dealing with the haps, warrant any more sympathy then any in accordance with Security Council admo~ situation, the International Court of Justice other cancer patient. nitions and orders going back to 1949. They and the Security Council have decided that But he must feel that in his dealings with would find that in the West Bank as in the South Africa breached its obligations as the government of the United States, at Sinai, Israel would make sacrifices and take Mandatory in N~mibia; that the Mandate least during the administrati<,m of Jimmy risks for peace. Administration must cease; and that the Carter, he has been dealing with cowards But this course is never discussed. Instead Mandate itself survives as a trust until its and fools. If he does, he's right. He can't be of pressing Jordan to make peace, the terms are fulfilled through the creation of a blamed for fleeing Mr. Carter and his Pana­ United States presses Israel to make conces­ new state. manian clients for Anwar Sadat's Egypt, sions without peace. For good and well un­ The State Department should long since where he is protected by someone he can derstood reasons of history, this is precisely have reconsidered its 1967 position on Israe­ both respect and trust.e the course forbidden by Security Council li settlements in the West Bank in the light Resolution 242, which was adopted five of the principles confirmed by the Namibia. months after· the Six Day War in 1967. ~ecisions. It is obvious that Israel's position ISRAEL'S FUTURE AND The flap over the American vote for the in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip is AMERICAN FOLLY ·u.N. resolution of March 1 is misdirected, much more than that of a military occupant Of course there was confusion, ineptitude, under international law. vacillation and capitulation to domestic po­ According to the reasoning of the Nami· HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER litical pressure. That has been so normal a bia decisions, Israel's rights under the Pal­ OF NEW YORK feature of the Carter administration's con­ estine Mandate-including its right of close IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES duct of foreign relations that we take it as settlement in the West Bank-survjved the the order of nature. end of the Mandate and will continue until Friday, March 28, 1980 The real objection to Mr. Carter's position Jordan and Israel settle what is essentially a e Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, is much deeper. He was willing to cast the territorial dispute between them, make American vote for the resolution if it did peace and divide the land in accordance Americans often do not realize the not mention Jerusalem. That is, he was will­ with the provisions of Security Council Res-· trying conditions under which the Is­ ing to treat the areas in questio11 as "Arab olution 242, which is based on the' Mandate. raeli people must exist. Surrounded by territory" in some undefined sense, and Mr. Carter's administration often says belligerent peoples pledged to their de­ demand that all the Israeli settlements es­ that whatever the correct answer to the struction, Israelis must cope with con- tablished in the West Bank since 1967 be legal dispute may be, Israeli settlement 7140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 policy inter!eres with the process of peace bishop Oscar Romero. a leader of the the dry facts and figures with which and is therefore politically ·unwise. Since human rights movement in El Salva­ Zaire's plight is most often drawn. Jordan refused to make peace with Israel dor. I have just recently· returned from when it held the West Bank as military oc­ Unfortunately, the archbishop-the my own fact-finding trip to five south­ cupant between 1949 and 1967, and there were no Israeli settlements in the area, Mr. voice of those .who cannot speak-was ern African nations, including Zaire, in Carter's case is hardly self-evident. the latest victim of violence in El Sal­ my capacity as chairman of the Sub­ The Arab leaders have somewhat differ­ vador. He was gunned down in cold committee on Mines and Mining. I ent attitudes towards the problem of peace blood while celebrating a Catholic cannot overstate how pleased I was to with Israel. Some refuse to make peace as a Mass in a small church. - receive Miss Saltenberger's comments. .matter of principle. They believe that the His death grieves me not only be- _ They back up my own observations Mandate and all that flowed from it is il­ cause we have lost a great and compas­ and add further depth to perceptions legal, and that the .existence of Israel is an aggression against the inchoate rigbts of sionate human being, but also that of the obstacles faced on a daily basis the Patestinian people-that is, in their violence still seems to claim the lives in the back country of Zaire. definition, the descendants of the people of universally respected. nonviolent The letter follows: who lived within the boundaries of the human rights advocates. RETHY, REPU~LIC OF ZAIRE, Mandate in 1922. Archbishop Oscar Romero is dead­ February 28, 1980. Yasser Arafat, the leader of the PLO, con­ but his ideals, his dedication to such a Hon. J. SANTINI, firmed that position in a recent interview righteous cause of voicing support for U.S. Congress, Hou.se of Representatives, with France-Soir. Israel, he said, must be de­ the poor and oppressed lives on in the Washington, D.C. stroyed and a unitary state estal:>lished for DEAR S'IR: About a week ago I heard your the whole of Palestine le. system. We should be pressing forward in Trucks.broken down, so people can't get rice that effort on a crash basis. While we are There is limit to the tears we can shed to the factories anyway. Road8. bad Palm fat used to supply, fat,"oil, the arsenal and leader of the democratic co­ A love that never falters loses hope nor shortening, soap-and now beginning with alition. grows dim lack of means of getting the palm nuts to In that perspective, Mr. Carter's policy For the graves of the martyrs the factories, and the factories being unable toward Israel, Israeli settlements- in the Are the highest alters to function, THAT supply is cut off. Same West Bank and the so-called Palestinian Of our reverence. with cotton. Same with coffee. And most issue is the height of folly. Israel is the Beloved corpses you that once other things. We live near the Uganda strongest military power in the area~ Her Were the hope of my homeland border and some things come in from strength is indispensable to any program for Touch my heart with your cold hands Kenya, through l)ganda, but a little further restoring the regional military balance. By Cast upon my forehead into the interior the people have very little. necessity and conviction, Israel is the most The dust of your decaying bones. Mail is about at a standstill. Airmail letters faithful ally of the West in the Middle East. Groan at my ear, each of my moans from Kinshasa take a month or more to get Her existence depends not only on her own Will turn into the tears of one more tyrant to Bunia. valor but on her alliance with the United Gather round me roam about Freight-since truck transport is minimal States. That my soul may receive your spirit and the river boats are very irregular, and Yet we and the Europeans have been fran­ And give me the honour of thy tombs the planes very few-getting supplies to our tically· pursuing a policy of urging Israel to For tears are not enough Bunia area from Kinshasa is just about im­ weaken its opposition in the West Bank When one lives in infamous bondage. possible. Not completely impossible but without peace. This is not only contrary to -GEM BELFONe almost. I had five metal .barrels of hospital Security Council Resolution 242, but pro­ supplies that were sent through the Zaire foundly contrary to our own security inter­ Protestant Relief Agency-or rather ests. We are behaving as the British did at THE ZAIRIAN PLIGHT through the Mennonite Central Committee, the time of the Runciman Mission, when through the ZPRA to me. They arrived in they forced the Czechs to make concessions Kinshasa in August 1977. ZPRA wrote and to Hitler, and broke their will to resist.e HON. JIM SANTINI asked ·me how to ship them. It has taken so OF NEVADA long to get letters back and forth, and ap­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ·parently they couldn't find a way to ship TO MY DEAD COMRADES them, so as of now I still have not got those Friday, March 28, 1980 things. Parcel post boxes from U.S. via Kin­ HON. CARDISS COWNS e Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, I would shasa take a year or more, if they get here. like to take this opportunity to share Many don't. OF ILLINOIS When the relief organizations sent food, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with my colleagues in the House of Representatives a letter from Miss like wheat or beans, it was· always so buggy Friday, March 28, 1980 that it was good for neither food nor even Carolyn Saltenberger of the. Africa planting. And we used to have to pay the e Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois. Mr. Inland Mission in Bunia, Zaire. Her cost of transport from Kinshasa. · Speaker, I wish to express my deepest comments vividly portray the condi­ So however you hope to help the economy sadness over the assassination of Arch- tions of life there, and give color to of Zaire would probably be best begun by March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7141 starting with ,fixing up the communication with the civilian sector will the All­ them would exceed our ability to begin and transportation lines. As I mentioned Volunteer Force become a successful training ... we would not be able to accept above, I wouldn't know how it could be defense program. A February 3d arti­ draftees within the first weeks of an emer­ done. The Belgians worked years to get· all cle in the Washington Post, by Martin gency mobilization." these interior roads into condition and The danger is that so many people sin­ nothing has been· done on any grand scale Anderson of the Hoover Institute, and cerely believe that our military manpower since they left. There have been some coun­ an article which appeared in the Wall problems can be solved by the draft. If reg­ tries who have sent people to fix roads but Street Journal on March 19, address istration is enacted, they will view this as they· seem to do a hundred miles or so and this point. I commend these articles to leading directly' to the reinstitution of the then fade out. And then those·improved bits the attention of my colleagues: draft, sigh contentedly and turn their ef­ go back to their previous condition. BUILD THE RESERVES, NOT LISTS forts and talents to solving other problems. . Some years ago an article in the Saturday The passage of a draft registration law will Evening Post talked about only give a false sense of security to our lielping the health in Belgian Congo. They President Carter's call to "begin regiStra­ people and ·to many of our political leaders. mentioned that it wasn't a matter of send­ tion" for the military draft was obviously a It will be used as a reason by some, and as ing money oi: even medicines-but that it part of his effort to send the Soviets a mes­ an excuse by others, for not taking the hard would probably be more helpful in the long sage about our concern for their naked ag­ steps that will strengthen our reserve forces run to send a couple thousand toilet-hole­ gression in Afghanistan. But in this case he to the point where they can effectively back diggers. The Public Health Department of is sending Moscow the wrong message. · up our active forces. this country has a good program but it is Carter is right in his belated recognition It will also give a false signal to the Sovi­ also very difficult to follow. Last year when of the potential military threat that the ets. The political-military leadership of the I was ·trying to organize some Mother-Baby Soviet Union poses to world peace and to Soviet Union understands and respects mili­ clinics in the districts chief export to Europe was and young women neatly typed on computer the military needs of the 1980s. banana.S! Nowadays the trees have probably printouts, it would take at least three to Announce that from now on the reserves gone to ruin, and I know the trucks and four months to contact them, induct them are serious business. not a paid routine boats don't function like they used to. and hastily train them-if the training facil­ gambol. Anyone staying in the reserves or So I don't think I've written anything of ities were ready. Without advance registra­ the National Guard should fully realize that importance but just maybe· you'd be inter­ tion, it would take a few weeks longer. The in the event of a military thre~t to this ested in some in-put from the interior. end result-with or without registration­ country they will be called first to supple­ Yours very truly, would be hundreds of thousands of teenage ment our active forces. And that they will CAROLYN SALTENBERGER.e soldiers, some serving reluctantly, most with be called regardless of whether they are no experience and little training, flooding · married, have children or know a congress­ into the ranks of the armed forces many man. REGISTRATION AND THE DRAFT months too late. Arm the reserves and National Guard As the Defense Manpower Commission with modern weaponry and other equip­ noted in· its report to the r:>resident and the ment that is fully comparable to what the HON. PHILIP M. CRANE Congress on April 19, 1976: "The changing active forces will have. OF ILLINOIS nature of war and its technology will not Take steps to encourage more people to allow for any lengthy period of time for na­ join the reserves and, for those already serv­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional mobilization for a major conflict. ing, to reenlist. These steps should include Friday, March 28, 1980 Thus, the national security relies on the improved recruiting · efforts, competitive ability to mobilize our reserve forces from a levels of pay; reenlistment bonuses and im­ e Mr. PHILIP M. CRANE. Mr. Speak­ peacetime 'citizen soldiers' status . to a proved management of our current reservt! er, the increasing concern over U.S. combat-ready status in a relatively short forces. For example, current planning in the military manpower capability has cap­ time." Department of Defense assumes that only tured nationwide attention. Last year, What is vital to our national security is a 70 percent ·of the Individual Ready Reserve after heated debate, legislation to large,· well-trained reserve force, one that is would show up if we mobilize. This percent­ compel draft-age American· youth to really ready, one that can be called into age could be increased significantly if as­ register with the Selective Service service in a matter of days in case of an signments were made in advance and ad­ emergency. dresses were kept current. Some of these System was rejected. The argument Registration for the draft would not do relatively simple measures are now begin­ has been renewed and will reach a this, but it will do something else. The con-· ning to be taken, but there is still vast room peak during the 2d session of the 96th ventional wisdom that seems to be held by for improvement. Congress. We must realize the difficul- many in the upper ranks of government, the Institute an effective program of lateral . ties we face in manpower recruitment academic world and the media is that our entry into the armed forces ·so that more and recognize that registration is not all-volunteer for.ce has problems, especially mature men and women, from their late 20s the real problem before us. Registra­ in the reserves, and that the military draft through their 40s, and, in special cases, up tion per se may alleviate the symp­ will solve them. Half of that wisdom is true. to 65, can enlist for a period of time-both We have severe problems, particularly in in the active forces and the reserve forces. toms, but cannot cure our weak mobi­ the reserves. We should have 1 million men This could provide the armed forces with.a lization capabilities. The call for regis­ and women in the active reserves, we have potential pool of talented people that could tration is being used to divert atten­ about 800,000. There should be 700,000 be utilized in many positions, and could tion from the real issue of inadequate members of the Individual Ready Reserve; reduce their aimost total reliance on people recruitment incentives. What is we have about 200,000. But the draft, or its ·coming up through the ranks. Further, it is needed to solve our current mUita.ry advance proxy, registration, will not solve the one effective way to ensure that the manpower shortage is a commitment these deficiencies in a timely or sensible . upper ranks of the military do not become to maintain an acceptable standard of fashion . . Isolated from the rest of our society. living for those who are willing to risk As Richard Danzig, the principal deputy And, finally, the president of the United assistant secretary of defense for manpower, States should address the nation and ex­ their lives in defense of this country. reserve affairs and logistics, stated a few plain clearly and comprehensively exactly We need to· improve the pay scales, weeks ago, "although, if constantly updated, why he feels that the Soviet invasion of Af­ living conditions, and equipment of peacetime registration would give us a ready ghanistan· is such a threat to world peace our Active and Reserve Forces. Only list of people that we could· call instantly in and the United States. The history of this after the military becomes competitive an emergency, I think our capacity to call country's response to a call to arms shows 7142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March ~8, 1980 that Americans have always turned out in a year, which is below the government-de­ you and too many other children of Israel overwhelming numbers when they felt their fined "lower" standard of living level for a are captives of- a regime as totalitarian and country was threatened and they believed family of four. At least 100,000 and possibly cruel as that of ancient Egypt. that our cause was just. There is no evi­ as many as 275,000 military families may be Like your ancestors, you have not lost the dence to suggest that this would not also be eligible for public welfare assistance such as thirst for freedom-a thirst that will not be the case today. If the only way we can food stamps. quenched until freedom is achieved for induce our citizens to participate in the de­ As a concrete example, a plane handler on every prisoner in the Soviet Union. fense of this country is to threaten them the carrier Nimitz-recently rushed to the Passover, 1980, has a special-proud, yet with five years in jail or a stiff fine, then Indian Ocean-works about 100 hours a humbling-significance for me. For in co­ our leadership has failed to convince them week on $25 million F-14 aircraft. Yet he operation with the Student Coalition for of the seriousness of the situation and the makes less per hour . than a cashier at Soviet · Jewry, I have been privileged to validity of the course of action proposed to McDonald's, lives below the poverty line, is "adopt" you. In so doing, I re-affirm my ea­ deal with it. eligible for food stamps and probably has gerness not only to stand with you in your Enactment of the draft registration law not seen his family for six months. fight for justice, but also to actively remind would diminish our national security by in· Of course, military pay has never equaled the Soviet officials, again and again and creasing the chances that our reserve forces the levels of private industry. But perks, again, of my own and the United States will be left in limbo, at a time when we need such as the cheap prices at the PX, housing Congress' commitment to your freedom, and to strengthen them the most. It would in allowances and free health care, were an im­ good health, and well being. time lead to a new military draft, one that portant supplement to cash income for mili­ Your life is the personification of the would almost certainly include women. And tary personnel. In recent years, however, word intrepid. But all of us know how lonely it would call into question the commitment these perks have become miserly. Housing it can be to be a living symbol when the soli­ this nation made almost a decade ago when allowances are no longer adequate; service­ tary incarceration is a daily fact of life. You we decided to raise an armed force in a men often have to seek privatP- medical at­ who have so stalwartly and courageously manner consistent with the· principles of tention because of a 10% shortage of doc­ supported other refuseniks have set us an freedom on which this country was founded. tors in the military; food prices have risen inspiring example. We will do our best not If we really wish to respond to the Soviet sharply; dental care is no fonger provided to to fail you in your own season of need. We move in Afghanistan, let us do it directly by dependents, and reenlistment bonuses have will remember you in our prayers; your arming and training a combat-ready active been eroded by inflation. cause is ours and we will not allow the and reserve force that is second to none. Senator Armstrong, aware of th~ problem Soviet government to forget the injustice Let's forget about making lists. · of military pay, introduced a motion to give they have imposed and support. a 3% acros5-the-board raise to military per­ This cannot be a happy Passover for you. sonnel costing $4.9 billion over the next five But my promise to you, in which millions of THE RETENTION PROBLEM years. However, such a move would not others join: we will continue to press for In President Carter's promised budget re­ target the money where it is most needed­ your release until the Passover comes when visions, if we read the tea leaves correctly, among the skilled ranks. The Senate instead you and the captivity you share with so the Defense Department's contribution to decided wisely to pass a measure-sponsored many others has ended. Forever. budget "austerity" will be a squeeze in per­ by Senators warner and Nunn-that at­ With best wishes, I am sonnel and operations and maintenance tempts to rectify the pay and allowance Yours truly, costs, If this does turn out to be the case, it anomalies by targeting $3.2 billion over the MARGARET M. HECKLER, will foreclose the one thing we could do in next five years into key areas such as reen­ Member of Congress.• the short run to inc:rease military prepared­ listment bonuses, housing subsidies, flight ness. pay and sea pay. The measure is now under Right now and probably over the next few consideration in the House. PRESIDENTIAL PLAN FOR years, the most pressing problem of the Even under its old budget proposals, the SELECTIVE SERVICE REFORM armed services is that they are bleeding dry Carter administration opposed the Warner­ of experienced personnel. The most skilled Nunn measure, though it does recognize the servicemen-who operate and mai.qtain so­ retention problem. And last week President HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER phisticated submarines, electronic equip­ Carter unleashed budget-balancing rhetoric OF COLORADO ment, planes, computers and the like-are in rejecting a bonus pay bill for military IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leaving the military in record numbers. medical personnel, even though the forces None of the services is currently retaining are already far too short of doctors. This Friday, March 28, 1980 more than six out of 10 of its personnel scarcely bodes well for his new budget pro­ e Mrs. SCHRQEDER. Mr. Speaker, after their second term of seryice; the reten­ posals when they are finally revealed. the January 14, 1980, Department of tion rate for the Navy and the Marine Corps Even if we reinstituted a full peace-time Defense report used in preparing is as low as 45 percent. The declining reen­ draft, we would still face the retention prob­ listment rates among non-commissioned of· lem for experienced personnel. If we are to President Carter's February 11, 1980, ficers have resulted in a shortfall of about maintain a serious fighting force, the imme­ report to Congress, the "Presidential 74,000 men affecting .every branch of the diate problem is to retain the skilled service­ Plan for Selective Service Reform," service, particularly the Army. men we already have, and the only way that considered the "desirability and feasi­ The cost of this attrition is enormous for can be done is to pay them their due.e bility of providing authority for the it may take 10 years and as much as President to induct persons into the $150,000 to train a replacement for, say, an Individual Ready Reserve ." aviation mechanic. Moreover, the cost is not SOVIET JEWRY just monetary; it is sickening to know that Next week I will discuss additional dedicated servicemen have lost their lives in documents I obtained under my Free­ accidents because of faulty maintenance by HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER dom of Information.Act request. inexperienced personnel. OF MASSACHUSETTS The report follows: Former Defense Secretary Melvin R. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PRESIDENTIAL PLAN FOR SELECTIVE SERVICE Laird addresses this issue in an American Friday, March 28, 1980 REFORM Enterprise Institute monograph entitled 1 ..ISSUE "People, Not Hardware: The Highest De­ e Mrs. HECKLER. Mr. Speaker, for fense Priority." As one of his last official The desirability and feasibility of provid· Christian and Jew alike, the coming ing authority for the President to induct acts, Mr. Laird ended the draft in 1973 and week has special, enduring signifi­ the All-Volunteer Force was born. As to why persons into the Individual Ready Reserve the volunteer concept is not working, both cance. This seems a particularly fitting . in terms of attracting adequate numbers of time for those of us who have involved 2. BACKGROUND raw recruits and retaining them, Mr. Laird ourselves in the victimization of Soviet The Department of Defense determines concludes that the government has not been Jewry to rededicate ourselves to the its need for mobilization manpower based willing to pay them enough. Pay for mili­ still unfinished task of bringing free­ on the capabilities of potential adversaries. tary jobs has been held down by linkage to dom to these innocent men and The most demanding situation would be an more popular civilian civil ·service jobs, and women. outbreak of intense conflict between the by anti-inflationary pay caps. Will Mr. Car­ I have written a letter to Ida Nudel, Warsaw Pact and NATO nations preceded ter's new budget repeat these mistakes? whose life has been given to that by very little warning time. Under this con­ Over the past seven years, the purchasing dition, there would be a dramatic rise in power for all military personnel declined an cause. And I ask that my letter be manpower needed to man units at wartime average of more than 14 percent, with some printed at this point in the RECORD: rather than peacetime strength and to re- grades slipping almost 25 percent behind POSELOK, KRIVOSHEINO, U.8.8.R. place casualties. · the rate of inflation. The average compensa­ DEAR IDA NUDEL: The joy of this Passover To meet those wartime manpower require­ tion for an enlisted man is currently $9,900 season is shadowed by the knowledge that ments, the Department of Defense must, March ~8, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7143 therefore, rely not only on the active forces tions that follow we present the arguments B. The volunteer altemattve and the Selected Reserve but also on addi· for and against an IRR draft as well as de· The main alternative to the IRR draft Is tional manpower that has already been scribing and evaluting the volunteer alter· to enhance the volunteer program for both trained when mobilization is declared. This native to the draft. the IRR and the Selected Reserve. Enlist· pretrained manpower pool must be sized to A. The IRR draJt ment and reenlistment in either of these meet military manpower requirements until components of the Ready Reserve wm help a wartime draft can be activated and induc­ A return to induction, however small in resolve· the /atny's mobilization manpower tees trained. If a period of rising tensions numbers of those called annually, entails shortfall because fewer IRR personnel precedes an outbreak of war, and if during registration up to 2 million male youths would be needed at time of war to bring the that period a decision to resume induction of the country for each Thus, a better manned Selected Reserve re­ made, a smaller ·pretrained manpower pool year of bitth-group that would be subject to duces the need for IRR personnel. would be needed. Planning for this less de­ the lottery process. The following sections of this paper pre· manding circumstance is subsumed under There are two major advantages to an sent: · planning for the "worst case". IRR draft: The fiscal year 1981 programs to increase The Individual Ready Reserve ls It would eliminate the present Army IRR strength and to manage that pool the primary but not the sole pool of pre­ shortfall in pretra.ined manpower in about better. · trained manpower. The IRR comprises the two and a half years.• The major elements of the fiscal year 1981 portion of the Ready Reserve strength con· To the extent that some of the IRR draft· programs to improve Selected Reserve sisting of trained personnel not organized ees would want to Join an active or reserve strength. · into units. Its purpose Is to provide in an unit after -training, an IRR draft would help The measures being taken that wlll at emergency trained individuals to bring active force and Selected Reserve recruiting. least partly offset the shortfall until the active and Selected Reserve units from their The major disadvantages lie in the social volunteer programs have eliminated it. peacetime to their wartime strength and to and dollar costs of a draft and with the rel&· C. Increase tn IRR atrength provide replacements for combat casualties tively marginal value of IRR draftees as Currently, the Department of Defense has in the first few months of mobilization. compared with other traine(l soldiers. underway and is enhancing its volunteer Individuals who have completed their tour An mR draft could rekindle some of the program to increase the size of the IRR as of duty with the active or Reserve Compo­ anti-draft activities and social unrest expert· well as better manage the people in it. The nent forces but still have time remaining on enced in the late i960s. following is a short description of that pro· their six year military service obligation are Enforcement might prove diffic;mlt par· gram and its recent initiatives: transferred. to the IRR and are subject to ttcularly if the 1972 experience ts repeated: All individuals leaving the Army from call in an emergency. The IRR also contains failure-to-register rate of 5 percent and fail· active·duty and the Selected Reserve prior volunteers, both officers and enlisted per­ ure-to-report-for-induction rate of 12 per· io the end of their enlistment are being sonnel, who have extended beyond their cent.1 Since only about one out of every acreened to insure that only those with no statutory obligation. However, its-size ls pri· twenty of an all male draft pool, or one out mobilization potential are discharged. The ·marily a function of the number of people of every forty of a male and fem ale draft remainder are transferred to the IRR. By leaving active and reserve service and the ·pool would likely be drafted, it is likely that this technique the Army estimates about period of time remaining in their obligation. these conscripts would feel a particularly 80,000 people can be added to the IRR by The IRR c~n be order:ed to active duty sharp sense of grievance that they were 1985. upon a declaration of national emergency drafted. In the draft of the Korean War, Each of the Services has an IRR reenlist­ by the President or the Congress or upon a one out of every three rather than one of ment program underway to encourage mem· declaration of war by the Congress. It has twenty or forty were inducted. However this bers reaching the end of the six-year service declined in strength from its average of opposition may be offset since inductees for obligation to reenlist in the IRR. The need 890,000 in the 1960's and its peak of the IRR would only serve on active duty for for a reenlistment bonus for the Army is ap­ 1,600,000 in 1971 to a low of 354,000 in early a short period of time. parent. Consequently, legislation has been 1978. The decline was due primarily to a A recent Defen8e Department study esti­ prepared and will be submitted to authorize small active force. Secondarily, it reflects mated the cost of an IRR draft to be in the payment of a reenlistment bonus for longer average enlistments in the volunteer 3 the IRR. The fiscal year 1981 budget re­ era. Since early 1978, the IRR has increased excess of $500 million annually. IRR draftees, would by definition, suffer quest includes funds for this program. If in strength to 396,000 as of September 30. successful, the program would increase the 1979; The programs that have caused that from lack of unit experience. Their skills would severely erode Qver their five and Army IRR by more than 30,000 members by increase and promise further strength in· 1983.• . creases will be addressed later. one-half year military obligation following training. Their draft male counterparts. This legislative change power requirement. Clearly this is not so. will begin to show results in 1981. There are other important sources of pre­ status would be expected to adversely influ· ence their acquisition of skills within the DOD no longer allows enlistees to count trained manpower, including the Standby the time spent after enlistment, but before Reserve and retired military personnel. first six months of training, their retention of skills over the next five and one-half they -entered service for initial training, At current levels the IRR and other toward fulfillment by the six-year military sources of manpower are inadequate· to years and their yield· rates If mobilized. However, some of these adverse effects service obligation. This will increase the meet the Army's needs for pretrained man· could be reduced If the draft process Includ­ Army IRR by 14,000 by the end of 1985. power. Currently a shortage of 200,000 The legal provision that exempted enlist­ trained personnel for the Army is expected ed a requirement for additional training two or three times during the five and one-half ees 26 years of age or over from incurring to develop in the first few months if a major year period of obligation. This would, of the six-year military service obligation was war with the Soviet Union were to start course, increase the cost and the amount of eliminated in 1979. Currently, all enlistees with little warning. opposition to the draft. incur a six-year obligation. The Army. will Currently the Congress has reserved for experience a 10,000 increase in the IRR .by itself the authority to induct persons into 1985 as a result of that change. the Armed Forces. Induction directly into • Assuming 100,000 draftees per year with 20.000 The active forces' test of two-year active the IRR, a component of the Ready Re· choosing the active force or Selecting Reserve in duty enlistments and t.he Selected Reserve's lieu of remaining in the IRR after training. After two years the number drafted shorter periods of time spent in the active ations. and the costs of processing people would likely l>e less. The exact number would forces or the Selected . Reserve means a through the draft mechanism. depend on the extent to which draftees opted to longer period in the IRR in order to fulfill volunteer for the active force or the Selected Re­ 3. ALTERNATIVES the six-year obligation. The active test for serve after training. the Army ·for one year ts expected to add The Administration considered the foil ow- 2 If two year of birth age groups are registered. ing alternatives: · 300.000 induction ·calls are issued to gain 100.000 about 1,000 members to the IRR, but for Provide the authority for the President in draftees and 1972 experience la repeated, about fiscal year 1981 only. peacetime to induct persons into the active 235,000 persons will be in violation of the law. In 1979 the Army tested an IRR direct en­ a See "America's Volunteers, A Report on the All listment program in which non-prior service forces for training and then transfer them Volunteer Force:· Dec. 31, 1978, Office of the As­ persons were allowed to enlist directly into to the IRR after completion of training. sistant Secretary of Defense . These costs include reconsti­ training, were given the option of transfer- rebuild the IRR with voluntary programs. tution of the Selective Service System. registration. •• CONSIDERATION or ALTERNATIVES Induction. examination. classlflcatlon, training. and pay and allowances. 300.000 induction calla are •The Increase would be maintained thro.ugh The alternatives represent dramatically made;. 100.000 are inducted and trained for a four fiscal year 1985. different choices for the nation. In the sec· month period. •Excludes the Air Force. 7144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 ring to the active Army, the Selected Re­ ance by individual recruiters. This manage­ KICKING THE POOR serve or remaining in the IRR. About 30 ment program has been a major contributor pecent went into the active Army and 15 in ·reversing the decline in Army Reserve percent into the Selected Reserve, Based on strength. HON. JULIAN C. DIXON these initial results the IRR direct enlist­ These programs all deal with encouraging OF CALIFORNIA ment option is being expanded to most of enlistment and reenlistment in the Selected IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the country. This program is expected to Reserves. We recognize the importance of provide additional accessions into the IRR. reducing attrition. Lower attrition will lead Friday, March 28, 1980 and to serve also as another source of acces­ to increased strength, even without more sions for the active force and the Selected enlistments. We intend to make significant •Mr. DIXON. Mr. Speaker, next Reserve. No reliable estimates can now be efforts to reduce attrition in the Selected week we will begin the long and cum­ made as to the size or· to the potential gain Reserve as we have done in the active force. bersome task of ordering the Nation's from this program. Together the increases in IRR and Select­ priorities through our consideration of As Army members leave the active forces ed Reserve strength are expected to reduce the first concurrent budget resolution and are tranferred to the IRR, they are the Army's shortfall of pretrained manpow­ for fiscal year 1981. Amidst the in­ being matched with mobilization assign­ er to about ·125,000 at the end of fiscal year flamed rhetoric which will no doubt ments and given orders telling them where 1981 and eliminate it by fiscal year 1985. su·rface during this debate, I hope that to report upon mobilization. This will great­ Members will keep in mind the very ly speed the reporting of IRR members E. Other management actions real human costs of many of the pro­ when they are needed. In addition to the progr°ams.for increasing posed budget cuts, and act in a These programs will mak~ the IRR pool the strength and better managing the IRR more responsive to a mobilization call and manner which they can later defend, and Selected Reserve, we are improving the both to their constituents, and to their will increase it· in size for DOD as a whole responsiveness and utility of the retiree and from 396,000 at end-fiscal year 1979 to Standby Reserve pools of trained individ· consciences. In the rush to jump on 540,000 by end-fiscal year 1981 and 680,000 the budget-balancing bandwagon, we by' end-fiscal year 1985. The projected in­ uals. must take care to insure that the poor creases in Army IRR strength for the pro­ Members of the Standby Reserve are and neglected in our society are not grams discussed are shown in the following being screened to determine their mobiliza· crushed beneath its wheels. table. tion potential and those with valuable skills are being- asked to transfer to the IRR. The I am particularly concerned about a frequency of contact with the members in proposal which has recently surfaced PROJECTED ARMY IRR STRENGTH INCREASES FROM FISCAL order to validate home address, physical in bill form in both the House and YEAR 1979 status and other important data is being in­ Senate. This legislation would cut the ~re§.§ed , · already inadequate level of food stamp End fiscal year End fiscal year All 'the Services have programs underway benefits for families whose children Program 1981 1985 to identify positions that can be filled upon participate in the national school mobilization by retired personnel. Efforts lunch program. Though thankfully Screen dischargees ...... 30,000 10,000 are also underway to identify retirees and IRR reenlistment bonus...... 15.000 30,000 not embraced by the Budget Commit­ MSO for women...... 3,000 25,000 pre-assign them to specific mobilization po­ tee, there are indications that this in· Elimtnation of time in OEP ...... 14,000 sitions. Retired personnel represent a valua­ Age 26 MSO policy ...... 10,000 vidious proposal may be offered as a bJe and experienced resource who could be floor amendment to the budget resolu­ Total ...... 48,000 159,000 used for jobs in the training and support es­ tablishments to replace active duty person­ tion. Mr. Speaker, I can think of no nel who would then ·be available for assign· action which would better confirm ment to combat units. this body's growing reputation as a The expected increase of 159,000 Army collection of springtime Scrooges than IRR members will not be sufficient to elimi­ 6. CONCLUSIONS the adoption of such a measure. To nate the 200,000 shortfall mentioned ·earlier. The programs underway for increased Consequently, increases in· the strength of take the food out of the mouths of our, the Selected Reserve will be needed also to manning in the IRR and Selected Reserve children in order to fatten an already insure that wartime · manpower require­ should eliminate the shortfall by 1985. bloated military budget would consti­ ments can be met. Since the full set of volunteer programs tute an unconscionable act of callous­ will not be operational until fiscal year 1981, ness and indifference, while weakening D. Selected Reserve strength increases 'it would be premature to opt for a draft al­ our investment in this Nation's most The programs to focrease Selected Re­ ternative before evaluating fiscal year 1981 precious resource, its children. serve strength are in four major areas: performance. A recent Washington Star article by Varied enlistment options are now being A draft will not solve the IRR problem offered in the Selected Reserve. New acces­ much sooner than the improvements con­ syndicated columnist Carl Rowan sions may enlist for four or five years in the tained in the current program. Current places this particular effort, as well as Selected Reserve with the balance of the six Army training base expansion capabilities the overall budget-cutting mania, in year obligation in the IRR. These options would limit the amount of accessions to its proper perspective. . I hope all my are in addition to the standard six-year en­ about 80,000 people annually, iri addition to colleagues will take time to review Mr. listment. those programmed. Therefore, it would take Rowan's incisiv~ commentary. More flexibility is available to individuals an IRR draft about two and one-half years The article follows: in scheduling their initial periods of train­ to fill the 200,000 shortfall. An IRR draft CFrom the Washington Star, Mar. 26, 19801 ing. In the past, all new accessions were re­ could not start delivering draftees until quired to serve a minimum of 12 consecutive about 6-12 months after enactment of draft KICKING THE POOR weeks during which they received basic mili­ legislation because of the time needed to re­ Suppose you know of a poor family-a tary training and their specialty training. constitute the Selective Service System for mother earning the minimum wage with Split-training is now offered which .permits a peacetime operation. three children-that gets $129-worth of food enlistees to take basic military training and stamps each month in the restriction of weekend use of recreation­ a precise disengaging trigger mechanism for this room. This is not political courage; this al watercraft. any such program. Nowhere do I find what is a political cheap shot." · 1. This measure would result in minimal circumstances would be necessary to resume A recent Agriculture Department study fuel savings at best. Boating consumes little business as usual or even effect any modifi­ found that only 1 in 10 families in its fuel. less than one-half of 1 percent of the ca,tio~ to the restriction. In short. it ap­ Thrifty Food Plan gets the recommended annual U.S. oil consumption. Estimates of pears·to be bot}! unwise and unfair to impl.e- daily allowances of the seven basic nutri­ marine fuel usage by DOE in projecting po­ . ment the proposed regulations, and I would ents. So a child fortunate enough to receive tential energy savings are too high. strongly encourage some corrections and re­ lunch at school is simply getting a better 2. It would severely impact on small busi­ visions to the plan. chance at a minimally adequate diet-Just nesses. specific towns and certain geograph­ Everyone concedes that in an "energy as other food programs for the elderly and ic areas. As lndicated earlier in my testimo­ emergency" priority use~ exist. Once these pregnant . women complement the food ny, there are more than 32,000 individual priority needs have been met. all other cur­ stamp program. · . businesses in my state alone that will be di­ rent and future user requirements should be rectly affected by this proposal. It was re­ There are other flaws in the Helms pro­ met or curtailed on an equitable basis. Such cently brought to my attention that Just the an approach embodies basic notions of fair­ posal, but the most discouraging thing is rumor of this· proposed regulation has what it says about the conscience of Amer­ ness that all should share the burdens of a caused such a negativ.e psychological impact shortage and is one of the few principles ica in this era of anti-inflation panic. Over that one of the biggest ship manufacturers the past dozen years we documented the in Wisconsin has recently laid off hundreds upon which a national consensus exists with widespread existence of hunger in this coun· of employees and more lay-offs are ex­ respect to energy problems. try and we developed programs to wipe that pected. Again, Mr. Chairman. I thank you and the blot off of our society. 3. Directly related to that, this proposal Department of Energy for the opportunity Are we now ready to take a step back· would impact a select industry for several to present these views and· concerns on wards · toward more hunger and · malnutri­ billion dollars and would be disabling. There behalf of the thousands of individuals af - tion?• are more than 8 million registered boats, fected by thi.S proposed plan.e 7146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 INTERVIEW WITH ADMIRAL For example, when the military coup led by Q. Since the end of World War II there MOORER Colonel Qaddafi overthrew King Idris of has been a continuing reduction in the Libya, his first action was. to throw us out of power of the U.S. Navy. What are the stra­ our vast Wheelus Air Force Base. That was tegic implications of the giveaway of the HON. TIM LEE CARTER a base from which the United States was Panama Canal, which effectively splits our OF KENTUCKY able to provide logistics as well as military naval forces between the Caribbean and the airpower over a large section of the Mediter­ Pacific Ocean? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ranean. Now it is the Soviets who are oper­ A. I believe that paying the Panamanian Friday, March 28, 1980 ating out of Wheelus. regime millions of dollars to take the The same thing goes for the periphery of Panama Canal off our hands will turn out e Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, Adm. Africa. Only six years ago the Portuguese to· be the most damaging action to both the Thomas H. Moorer has long been a airbases in the Cape Verde Islands, Angola, defense and the economic well-being of the friend of mine. He was a great Chair­ Mozambique, and so on were available to United States of America that has occurred man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and U.S. forces. Quite the contrary is true today. in this century. his ability and patriotism have long Now Soviet forces are in command of those Despite what the Administration's civilian been recognized by many leading bases. defense advisors say, we do not have a two­ Americans. Q. Well, don't we have Diego Garcia? ocean Navy. W~ barely have even a one­ A weekly publication entitled "The A. Diego Garcia is the only sovereign base ocean Navy. This means that whenever we· the United States has in the Indian Ocean, have to mount any sort of concentrated Review of the News," carried an inter­ naval effort we must transfer forces from view with Tom Moorer in its March 26 and it's not really a base but a "facility." What I find amazing is that ever since we one ocean to another. If our ships are forced edition. I am. glad to include that in­ selected Diego Garcia, and began seeking to sail around The Horn ft will add 30 days terview for the RECORD: appropriations from Congress to build an to their transit time. This problem has been AN INTERVIEW WITH THE FORMER CHAIRMAN adequate runway and port facilities, there aggravated recently because of the tremen­ OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF has been a powerful group in Congress dous drain that would have on our fuel re­ serves. which has fought time after time to stop any kind of improvements. Q. Then the Panama Canal is still impor­ Thomas H. Moorer was graduated from tant for the U.S. Navy, despite what the Annapolis in 1933. In 1967, President John­ Since the Iran and Afghanistan crises, of course, such congressional opposition has Carter Administration has claimed? son named Admiral Moorer to be Chief of A. 'the Panama Canal is critical, if not Naval Operations, and in 1970 the Admiral become very quiet. It was nevertheless ex­ tremely shortsighted of Senators like John vital, to the use of the Navy that the United became Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of States now has. During the Cuban missile Staff. He retired from the Navy in 1974 Culver and others to make it crisis in 1962, for instance, we moved very after 41 years of distinguished service. almost impossible to develop Diego Garcia over the pa.st several years. large amphibious forces from the Pacific Admiral Moorer now serves on the boards through the Panama Canal into the Carib· of a number of America's major industrial Q. We understand that the Administra­ bean in preparation for invading Cuba. concerns, including Faitchild and Texaco. tion is now considering making use of port Rather than have that happen, Khrushchev. He is also a member of the board of the U.S. facilities and airfields in Oman at Masira and Castro decided to deal. Had the Panama Strategic Institute, and serves on the adviso­ Island, at Berbera in Somalia, and at Mom­ Canal then been under the control of a hos­ ry board of the Georgetown University bassa in Kenya. Considering the Soviet tile government which closed it to our Navy, Center for Strategic and International Stud­ naval buildup in the Indian Ocean-just a that type of pressure operation would have ies, which' recently published his mono­ few weeks ago they added at least two new been impossible. graph, "U.S. Overseas Bases: Problems Of. guided-missile cruisers, various frigates, and Q. Admiral Moorer, what · sort: of naval Projecting American Military Power support ships-do you think the United facilities do the Soviets now have in Cuba? Abroad." States should seek to build up real bases A. The largest Soviet facility is at the port Question. Admiral Moorer, what is the either in Ea.st Africa or in Oman? of Cienfuegos on the southern coast. In ad­ chief role of the U.S. Navy? A. Well, I think we should at least make dition there are continual visits of Soviet Answer. For years the United States has arrangements to use such ports and facili­ naval ships to Havana. These two port facil­ had what we term a Forward Strategy; that ties in an emergency. But the Sultan of ities permit the U.S.S.R. to station forces in is, our goal is to keep war away from our Oman said on television the other day that Cuba and to provide logistical support to country's shores. For this reason, we have he and his people did not want a permanent the Red Navy's ships that pay visits there. kept our military forces, particularly the U.S. military presence in their country in In the case of any likelihood of hostilities Navy, deployed some distance from our peacetime. That brings us back·to the ques­ the Soviets could greatly expand the shorelines. Thus our Sixth Fleet is in the tion you asked me about the utility of the number of their ships operating out of Mediterranean;.our Seventh Fleet has been Navy in a brushfire situation. The Navy can Cuba. So the strategic implications are very deployed in the Western Pacific ever since be on the scene, as it is right now in the great; and, in my opinion, this Soviet pres­ the end of World War U; and, now we have Indian Ocean, without requiring access to ence constitutes a violation of the Monroe stretched the Seventh Fleet to cover the territory of a sovereign nation. Doctrine. Indian Ocean in response to developments Q. Then, in effect, a forward position of It is clear that the situation in Cuba has in the Middle East. U.S. Navy forces produces fewer irritations been ignored since the time of the Cuban Question. We hear that a· strong Navy is to the sensibilities of foreign governments missile crisis. Cuba has never received essential to coping with local "brushfire" than land-based forces? enough attention as a threat to U.S. secu­ wars. Why is that so? A. Exactly. When I wa.c; commander of one rity. It gives the U.S.S.R. not only~ military Answer. In the first place, our ships can be of our carriers, the Saratoga, we visited Is­ capability against the United States direct­ deployed in the threatened area without ac­ tanbul at a time when relations between our ly, but it also has had ·a significant political tually participating in combat. The very country and Turkey were quite strained. As impact throughout the Caribbean and in presence of a naval force is an indication of a matter of fact, there had been an incident Central America. The fact that the Rus­ U.S. intent and capability that can be in which the Turks had burned the feet of a sians have been permitted to maintain mili­ enough by itself to cool hot spots. On many U.S. Army sergeant who had been accused tary forces so close to the United States occasions in the pa.st, such demonstrations of black market activity. But, when the adds to Soviet prestige and diminishes ours. o( American naval strength have served to Saratoga paid that visit, everything went as Q. Recently there were some stories float­ forestall hostilities. smooth as silk. Otir sailors were there for ing about that exercises in and around Secondly, the Navy can move around on five days; the Turkish Government knew Guantanamo, our base in Cuba, indicated the world's oceans without finding it neces­ they would be there for that precise amount our radar net monitoring Cuba was less sary to get permission from sovereign na­ of time. And, when we went back out to sea, than effective. Have you heard that? tions to be present. This is not the case with we were completely gone-out of sight, out A. That exercise was presented as an either the U.S. Army or the Air Force, of mind. answer to the presence of a Soviet brigade which must depend on the good graces of That sort of U.S. Navy presence does not at a · moment when the status quo was de­ friendly foreign countries to provide them impinge on the day-to-day activities of the clared "unacceptable" by the President. But with base sites. public in foreign countries; no land has to the fact was that this exercise had been It is especially important to keep this in be appropriated by the local gmcernment for scheduled for about two years. It was not mind because in the last few years the base housing; there is no problem like those laid on for the ..be11efit of showing a tough United States Government has managed to which might result from a sudden inunda­ face to the Russians. It was pure coinci­ dispose of allies at a remarkably· rapid rate. tion of U.S. military dependents with cus­ dence that this exercise coincided with the The number of bases available to us has toms and habits that grate on local sensibili· controversy over the Soviet military force in been so reduced that we now have but one­ ties; and, visits by the U.S. Navy are far Cuba. Nevertheless, the White House tried fifth the ·overseas bases we ·had even 15 more acceptable to other nations than the to present it to the media and the public a.S years ago. Some of our losses have adversely arrival of a large Army or Air Force contin- a show of force on the part of the Adminis­ affected us in critically important regions. gent. · tration as if the President were wagging his March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7147 finger at the Soviet Union. That·s a lot of Q. Then we now have nothing off the Jap­ A. That·s right; it's been very successful. garbage. anese coast? We've been througo World War I and Now you hear these complaints that our A. That's right. World War II. and never has the United radar didn"t work or something else like Q. How does the U.S. Navy stand against States been invaded or bombed. Practically that. What is behind such reports? There the Red Navy in terms of quantity and qual­ every other nation in the \\'Orld has been seems Lo be some sort of psychological com· ity? decimated by war on two or three occasions pulsion on the part of reporters to find ·A. In terms of quantily, the Soviets during the same period. The American something wrong with our defense forces. exceed us in evt>ry category except aircraft people are not therefore conditioned to un­ Some sectors of our society have become carriers. In terms of quality, it is much more derstand what a war means in terms of \'ery big at self-flagellation. difficult to say. The Soviet Navy has ships hardship and suffering of the civilians. Q . Admiral Moorer. we are all aware of much newer than ours. but there is no indi· Leaving aside the British raid on Wash­ the capital-intensive nature of our naval cation that they are as advanced technologi­ ington in the War of 1812. the Second War forc«"s . How do they compare with those of cally. There's no simple answer to such con­ of Independence, the South is the only part the Soviet Union? siderations as whether our better technol­ of the United States that has ever been in­ A. It is difficult to compare them in terms ogy offsets their marked preponderance in vaded and suffered the destruction of war of dollars and cents. In the Soviet totalitar· numbers. and the injustice of occupation by conquer­ ian society their Minister of Defense Con· Our chief problem is that the U.S. Navy ors. I think that is why we now find thal trols all the raw materials, the factories, in no longer has the number of ships it needs Southerners in general, and their Congress­ fact the whole syst<>m that develops the to protect American interests. We have too men, are much more inclined to support a Soviet military forcf's. In addition, the pay few ships for the area that must be covered. real defense budget than are the others. of their personnel is so low compared to Q. What about the activities of the Soviet Southerners have a living memory handed ours. Where we pay about 55 percent of our merchant fleet? Doesn't it play a military down from their grandparents and great­ annual defense budget for personnel, the role? grandparents that other Americans do not. Soviets spend about 25 percent or less on A. The Soviets control their fishing fleet, Q. Then the burning of Atlanta and Re­ the manpower. For instance privates in the their oceanographic fleet, their merchant construction still serve as lessons of what Red Army fighting in Afghanistan are being marine and their naval combat forces all happens when you lose a war-lessons the paid about $7.50 a month. from the same headquarters. The Soviet ob· Southerners have never forgotten? But, in terms of military expenditure as a jective is to establish a worldwide presence A. Yes, it is true. Look at the Senate and percentage of Gross National Product, the one way or another, and their merchant House for Members who support a strong Soviets have been investing about five times fleet is very modern and very new, in excess defense-Stennis of Mississippi; Thurmond as much in their Navy as we have in ours. of 20 million tons. of South Carolina; many of the Southern When I was Chief of Naval Operations in During the Vietnam War the Soviet mer· Congressmen. With the exception of the 1967, our Navy had more than 900 ships. chant marine would deliver war supplies to South, however, the United States doesn't Today, we have about 390. Haiphong for the-North Vietnamese. Then really seetn to understand what war is all Q. Hasn't the Fiscal 1981 Budget been they would sail to Australia and pick up a about. One result is that our defense bar· promoted as greatly increasing all our de· cargo of wool and charge an incredibly low riers have been pushed back and our forces fenses, including provision of plenty of new _ price for transporting it, -undercutting the spread very thin. 'ships? competing Norwegian cargo rates. Since the Q. How do the personnel of the Soviet A. The Administration's shipbuilding pro­ Soviet merchant marine is an agency of the Navy compare with ours? gram calls for building about 17 ships a Soviet government it ·is not motivated by A. Well, they are not as experienced as we year. Ultimately this will reduce the U.S. making a profit from its sh1pping fees. are in operating at a long distance from Navy to less than 300 ships. Now, with the Rather, its objective is to undercut and put their .home ports. They lack technical ex· Middle East crisis, the Carter people haye Western shipping lines out of business while pertise in replenishment and things of that suddenly become mindful of the need for at the same time gaining foreign exchange. sort. Tactically, they are not as sophisticat­ saltwater capacity. They have suddenly dis· Doubtless they were pleased to undercut ed as we are in carrying out maneuvers. covered that in a crisis such as we have in and take business away from the Norwe­ Usually when we hold maneuvers Soviet the Middle East the U.S. Navy might prove gians, all the more so because Norway is a ships get in as close as they can. Many to be the only branch of the Armed Services member of N.A.T.O. people, particularly journalists on our ships that could respond. We don't have any Q. Why has so little public attention been as observers, have thought that the Soviets Army or Air Force in the Middle East, but given to this Soviet strategy of destroying were just showing off or trying to be threat­ we certainly do have a large Navy contin· the Western shipping lines by undercutting ening or were carrying out espionage. But. gent in the Arabian Sea. their prices with a government-subsidized, from the way the Soviet captains and offi­ Q. Didn't candidate Carter present him· government-controlled merchant fleet? · cers were busy with binoculars, I always had self four years ago as a "seapower" advo­ A. I don't know, and rve been making the feeling they were also trying to find out cate? speeches for 10 years pointing out. this dan­ how to do the things we were doing-how A. That's not what he has done in office. gerous strategy. Maybe it's because Ameri· you actually go about doing these things­ One year he used his veto against an appro· cans are so crisis-oriented. They are all from and so would get as close as they possibly priation to build a nuclear-fueled aircraft Missouri in the sense that they don't believe could without any immediate hostile intent carrier. The second year, when he saw that there is a problem until it has reached crisis so as better to prepare themselves to be hos· Congress was determined to build it, he proportions. Once it hits them, they can put tile later. didn"t use his veto. Now, every time he gets forth a fantastic amount of effort. But Q. How is the all-volunteer military work· into difficulties, he sends .for the aircraft there has to be some sort of crisis. ing out for the U.S. Navy? Is the Navy get· carriers. Remember that the so·called isolationists ting all the recruits it needs? When President Park of South Korea was were a strong, even dominant, force in this A. You didn't ask me the right question, assassinated, the first thing Mr. Carter did country one year before World War II start· and let me explain why. During Vietnam was to send-a carrier taskforce to stand off ed. You should remember that Congress and the college demonstrations againSt the Korea just in case the North Koreans passed the draft law by only a single vote. draft, the White House got the idea that planned to take advantage of the situation. Then, when the Japanese hit Pearl Harbor, the reason for opposition to the draft was Then, when the Shah was being over· Congress declared war unanimously-with that draftees earned so little. Young .men thrown, he ordered a carrier into the Arabi· the exception of a single vote cast by a were drafted and paid less than others were an Sea-only to countermand its sailing female Representative who was not re· earning as civilians: therefore you could see orders. On third thought, he changed his turned to Congress. it in terms of a discriminatory tax. So the mind again and sent the carrier through the Q. But isn't that the way Americans are? way to institute a volunteer force, according Indian Ocean. Then he decided the U.S. They want to be left alone to go about their to the University of Chicago economist needed still more force in the Arabian Sea, business; but when they realize the leaders Milton Friedman, was to increase the pay of so two more carriers Joined the first at the of some foreign country are trying to recruits. Congress went along. mouth of the Persian Gulf. damage America, watch out. Well, the problem is that they ignored all Q. May I ask if that leaves us with any­ A. Just so. In fact, the Japanese are still the really valuable people-the skilled ma­ thing in the Pacific Ocean? shaking their heads about that. They would chinists and engineers and mechanics, the A. Unfortunately the answer is that all never be able to pass a draft law or a mili· sergeants and Boatswain mates-the men our carriers in the Western Pacific that had tary budget by just one vote and then short­ who really run the military. guarded the waters off Japan, Red China, ly thereafter declare war unanimously. It is total nonsense to pay $15 million for Taiwan, The Philippines, and other coun· They are much less flexibile than we are. a military aircraft and then have a crew tries of East and Southeast Asia, are now Q. Well, one can certainly say that Ameri· chief who can not even read the instruction gone. This has made the Japanese very ner­ ca's forward defense strategy worked well in book. That is what is happening today~the vous because they have come under increas­ World War I and II. The Japanese took The U.S. military is running the largest grade ing naval pre.sSure from the Soviet Union Philippines and bombed Pearl Harbor, but school in the world. They are always re­ which maintains large forces at Vladivostok they never were able to invade Hawaii or cruiting people, and boast about the per· and in the Sea of Japan. bomb California or Oregon. centage of recruits who are high-school 7148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 graduates. But. unfortunately. the bulk of TOWARD. TRUE INTERNATIONAL MILITARY COMPONENTS high-school graduates in· the United States SECURITY New Directions supports a system of pru­ can't read or· write even at the -level of the dent deterrence. average sixth-grade pupil in 1950. The United States already possesses, vls-a­ You know here in Washington. D.C., the HON. RICHARD L. OTl'INGER vis the Soviet Union, rou.ghly equal.military other day. they took some youn.g people OF NEW YORK strength and enormous destructive power. who all had high-school diplomas and left IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Even before another bullet is added to the them up in Northeast Washington. They U.S. arsenal, the Soviets must be wary of were told to ride the bus to another place. Friday, March 28, 1980 any conflict that might lead to a direct But. since they couldn't read the bus sched­ clash between the superpowers. ules. they couldn't find their way. These e Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I am The United States leads the Soviet Union were high-school graduates. profoundly distressed by the adminis­ in significant military categories: numbers tration's strictly reactive responses to of nuclear warheads, submarine and ballis­ Q. That•s not funny; that's frightening. international crises. Clearly absent tic missile technology, strategic bombers A. Damn right! The school system has from our current foreign policy is a and cruise missiles, size and ffrepower of been virtually destroyed. They decide to naval vessels, quality of combat aircraft. teach "new math.'' and the result is that consistent and well-thought-out plan which promotes international security. Moreover. the United States heads an alli­ graduates cannot do th~ multiplication. divi­ ance of real partners, while Soviet military sion. ·a.nd subtraction of basic arithmetic. An effective security policy must in­ leaders must wonder which way their East­ They let them use tables and calculators in clude economic, political and diplo­ ern European "allies.. would fire their guns tests, and none of them can multiply nine matic as well as military components. in case of war. by 6. And the discipline that once ensured The administration's policies fail to do To enhance deterrence against an attack an orderly, scholarly. learning atmosphere so. New Directions Policy Action Com­ with conventional forces in the Middle East. in the classroom is out the window. Our mittee's statement, "Toward True In­ the United States needs to emphasize schools must get back to teaching the three ternational Security," sets forth a combat readiness. reliability and flexibility. R's. Everywhere you look there is a depreci­ viable framework by which we can This is largely a matter of training, partly a ation of quality and personal discipline in begin to address this very pressing matter of available transport. It does not American life. problem. I commend the statement to demand a massive build-up across the entire Q. Have you any idea how we might get gamut of conventional and nuclear forces. my colleagues' attention. Whatever the needs in the conventional our country out of this mess? The statement follows: area. further pursuit of the nuclear arms A. We are in this situation because we race can only create greater insecurities for have sent rascals and rogues-better Just TOWARD TRUE INTERNATIONAL S~CURITY both superpowers. The deployment on both call them politicians-to run both the Ex­ The brutal Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan sides of greater numbers of more accurate. ecutive and Legislative branches of govern­ has triggered a U.S. response that deals multiple-warheaded missiles will increase ment. These politicians have learned how to · with security problems on too narrow a the levels of nervousness in periods of ten­ use the taxpayers' money to bribe the tax­ track. It ha.S brought into sharp focus the sion. Sophisticated anti-satellite weapons payers-one segment of them at a· time. popular perception that our international may soon multiply the uncertainties unless Instead of a united republic, we now have frustrations stem from an erosion of our space is blocked off as an arena of armed a conglomerate of special interests. Every military power and could be relieved by its competition. Continued additions to super­ identifiable segment of society-young. old. expansion and exercise. power nuclear arsenals will remove any urban, suburban, employee. employer. white Further Soviet interventions must be pre­ hope of exercising political and moral pres­ collar, blue collar, every ethnic and racial vented, and we support those careful meas­ sure on near-nuclear countries in an effort group-ls being encouraged to demand spe­ ures-including the boycott of the 1980 to dissuade them from developing their own cial consideration of their "rights.. and Olympics and the suspension of sales of atomic bombs. forget about the needS of the country as a grain and technology-that will strengthen Despite Soviet behavior in Afghanistan whole. · deterrence by emphasizing the cost of mili­ and elsewhere. and in part because this be­ tary intervention. havior has made the world a still more dan­ Every two years all Congressmen have to But an across-the-board military build-up, gerous place, agreements to control and run for office. so in effect they are running already in the works before the invasion. re.duce strategic weapons must be vigorously all the time. Each of them looks around and must not be sanctified as the guarantor of pursued. In this connection. we support the determines what groups will give him the security in the dangerous 1980's and '90's. Carter Administration's decision to seek re­ biggest ·support. and then he acts according­ Other. broader-gauged approaches should ciprocal adherence to the key restraints of ly. If they represent a city district, they not be ignored in an emotional pursuit of se­ SALT I and II while awaiting ratification of boast about how much federal money they curity through military means. SALT II. We look forward to the resump­ brought into their districts for·housing. job The invasion of Afghanistan has properly tion and acceleration of arms talks that training. environmental protection; and. if outraged. but should' not have astonished have been interrupted or "slowed by the they represent a rural area, they talk about the American public and government. There cris~s in Afghanlstan. and to the initiation how much federal money they got for crop were cruel precedents in Hungary in 1956 of talks on NATO and Warsaw Pack price supports or an irrigation project. and Czechoslovakia in 1968. Although Af­ medium-range nuclear delivery systems. ghanistan was the first time Soviet troops Because of the fol'Ward momentum of Q. And if the, American people don't like cros8ed a border outside of Eastern Europe, weapons technology and the threat of the way elected officials are spending their the Soviets had previously shown a willing­ spread of nuclear weapons to additional money. they should vote them out of office? ness to use proxy forces to extend their in­ countries. there is no time to lose in halting A. Often when I ask people who they are fluep.ce, as they did in Angola. Ethiopia, and and reversing the nuclear arms race. · ·going to vote for. they say that they're not South Yemen. Even as arms are bulit up in some areas going to vote at all. And I ask. "'Why not?" .The commitment to a massive U.S. mili­ and, hopefully. reduced in others. it is im­ They reply. "All the candidates are bad. so tary build-up, however. reflects an oversim­ portant to remind ourselves of the limits of I'm not going to vote for any of them... And plified view of security threats. Soviet mili­ military power. This power is essential for t}'\en when I ask them. "Did you work in the tary power is certainly a major threat. but deterrence. In the Middle East. deterrence by no means the only one. Other threats.ca­ also depends on stable nations who are pre­ priroaries for a cal)didate?" they invariably pared to protect their independence-a con­ say. "No." pable of undermining our economy. poison­ ing our environment. or destroying our dition that is not" easy to attain. If deter­ Well, it seems clear that if you don•t like country would remain even if Soviet troops rence fails in that. oil-producing region. the candidates being offered in the general were withdrawn from Afghanistan. These there will be war but no oil. A superpower election. and you didn't work in the prima­ threats include: shortages or disruptions in conflict that stopped short of nuclear war ries for a candidate you do like, you have no the supply of raw materials; worldwide in­ would nonetheless prevent oil from getting call to complain about the quality of the of­ flation; population pressures; the growing out of the Persian Gulf and, probably, out ficials being sent to ·Washington. income gap between industrialized and de­ of the ground. And~ in a great variety of sit­ veloping nations; pollution of the oceans uations, military power is either not directly Q. In your speaking tours around the and the biosphere; the spread of nuclear relevant or not effective. country, Admiral Moorer, have you found weapons. and the Soviet-American arms ECONOMIC COMPONENTS any evidence that Americans are becoming race. more aware of the issues .and what needs to The U.S. dependence on Middle East oil These threats will not yield to military so­ that now propels us toward armed confron­ be done? lutions. tation could have been reduced-and can A. Yes. They're getting really concerned, An effective security policy must include still be reduced-through a vigorous policy and damn well should be. I hope this brings economic. political and diplomatic as well as of conservation. The simple means are avail­ about a major ·change ve~y soon.e military components. able •. without waiting years for the future March 28, 1980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7149 contributions of new technologies. The before the invasion of Afghanistan include defines intervention more specifically than President should prod government at all the build-up of its military forces, including either the UN Charter or the 1972 U.S.· levels to provide incentives, disincentives, intermediate-range missiles targeting West­ Soviet Declaration on Basic Principles, then and practical information to promote ern Europe, the use of Cuban proxies, and to seek the widest possible number of adher­ energy efficiency. Gasoline rationing should the repression of dissidents at home. ents. Such an agreement, while not suffi­ be instituted to curb non-essential driving. However, we should candidly recognize cient by itself to prevent military interven~ The resulting cut in demand would permit that the United States ts not without re­ tfon, would more clearly place any attacker a reduction both in oil imports and in the sponsibility for this deterioration. Among in the position of an international outlaw. chances that Americans will have to go to the U.S. moves that have contributed to this In the current confrontation in the Per­ war to assure their sources of fuel and heat· sit~ation are congressional obstacles to nor· sian Gulf and Southwest Asia, it might be ing. malized trade, the overt playing of the useful to seek a regional agreement where Beyond the current need for this basic "China card" at critical moments, the treat­ the neutrality and the security of partici­ fuel, we view a strong economy at home and ment of the issue of Soviet "combat" troops pating nations are guaranteed by both the worldwide economic development as funda­ in Cuba as a new and baneful development, United States and the Soviet Union. The mental foundations of long-term security, delays in SALT II ratification, and the pre­ neutrality provisions of such a treaty would, We see the indefinite commitment to in­ mature decision to deploy new NATO mis­ of course, require the withdrawal of all creased military spending as weakening our siles. Some of these moves might have been Soviet troops from Afghanistan-a step the economy through ever-higher inflation and avoided by accepting the reality that, while Soviets might accept if their southern shortages in the consumer sector. Soviet foreign policy can often be ugly, the neighbors were neutralized by international USSR also has legitimate security interests. agreement in the fashion of Austria in 1955. We agree with the Preliminary Report of U.S. relations with the Third World are a A refusal of the Soviet Union to participate the Presidential Commission on World mixture of growing economic links and con­ would expose the true nature of their action Hunger, which declared: tinuing anti-U.S. sentiment. The United in Afghanistan. "Promoting economic development in gen­ States is resented for its economic domi­ eral, and overcoming hunger in particular, nance and its occasional embrace of dicta· 2. STRENGTHENED UN PEACEKEEPING FORCES are tasks far more critical to the U.S. na­ tors who repress, torture and rob their own The UN has often been ineffective in the tional security than most policymakers ac· people. Such an embrace reflects a U.S. maintenance of international secudty be­ knowledge or even believe.... Military tendency to defend the status quo around cause there is rto system of quickly mobfliz. force is ultimately useless in the absence of the world. Yet, the status quo is repugnant ing national forces ·of member states as pro­ the global security that only coordinated in­ to millions of people ln the Third World and vided for in the Charter. ternational progress toward social Justice our own security doesn't rest on its preser­ One means of overcoming this problem can bring." vation. would be to encourage each couptry willing Fortunately, such progress can be built on A strategy of support for peaceful change to provide forces to the UN to inform the the high degree of interdependence that al­ must include: <1 > real efforts to accommo­ Security Council of its willingness to negoti­ ready exists between the industrialized and date the interests of Third World nations on ate an agreement, specifying the conditions developing nations. The United States, for trade and resources <2> U.S. aid that reaches under which these troops could be used. example, imports over half of 18 basic com­ the poorest people in these countries, and Each separate agreement could reflect the modities, mostly from the Third World. We <3> correct relations with existing govern­ individual country's own situation in mat­ export more to -the non-OPEC developing ments so that we are not disabled from es­ ters of cost, number and types of troops, countries than we export to all of Europe, tablishing rapport with their possible suc- where and when they could be deployed, the Soviet Union and China combined. . cessors. and the duration of their use . The path toward social Justice at the Having such individ1.1al agreements would global level lies in economic bargaining, not DIPLOMATIC COMPONENTS assure more permanency in the UN peace­ in military intervention. The United States has brought the dis­ keeping system and permit the Security An additional means of overcoming putes involving Iran and Afghanistan to the Council to dispatch troops with greater hunger has been offered, ironically, by the United Nations, and the hostage situatlon to speed and flexibility. U.S. policy of punishing the USSR for the the World Court. For years, however, the invasion of Afghanistan. Of the 17 million UN has not been adequately utilized in ef­ 3. UN MEDIATION tons of grain denied to the Soviet Union, forts to resolve international conflicts. Many industrialized countries use media­ there are 4 million tons of wheat. That is While the world body lacks enforcement tors in labor-management disputes, yet the the precise size of grain reserves proposed powers, it can be useful in mobilizing world practice is still in its infancy in the UN by the Administration in 1979. opinion, in peace-keeping, and in mediation. syst~m. The efforts of the · UN Secretary. This is the opportune moment to create Among the intitiatives which, without General to release the U.S. hostages in government-held grain reserves as a back· awaiting basic changes in the UN system, Tehran represent a vivid example of what stop to the Public Law 480 food aid pro­ would help improve · world security in the might be accomplished in conflict situa­ gram. Reserve stocks-the ever-normal gra­ immediate future are: tions, especially those in which the percep­ nary of the Old Testament-would be re· tions of the two parties are far apart. The leased under this arrangement solely to 1 .NONINTERVENTI ONMEASURES United States should actively encourage the meet emergency food needs in developing Both the UN Charter and the 1972 U.S.­ development of a UN mediation service. countries. Soviet Declaration on Basic Principles were We stongly support the creation of grain designed to prevent military intervention in • • • • reserves as a major step toward the elimina­ other countries. Itowever, there is no inter­ • tion of mass hunger and the removal of the national security system to deter such inter­ We live on a dangerous, crowded planet desperation of hungry people as a factor in vention, and governments have generally where conflicts among nations will not dis­ international relations. failed even to bring presumed threats to the appear during our lifetimes. Faced in peace before the UN Security Council. De­ coming years with shortages of food and re­ POLITICAL COMPONENTS spite widespread criticism, for example, no sources, angry nationalisms, and weapons of The United States needs to define and nation went to the Security Council to mass annihilation, we have to find ways to maintain a consistent attitude toward the charge the United States with violating the tame these conflicts and to coexist with all Soviet Union and the Third World. Charter in Indo-China. Nor did the United the branches of a turbulent human family. At various times the Carter Administra­ States go to the UN to accuse the USSR of This requires more brainpower, not more tion has offered the USSR a choice between violating the 1972 Declaration when the So­ destructive power; more accurate judg­ "confrontation or cooperation" or "competi­ viets used Cuban proxies in Africa. ments, not more accurate missiles; more tion and cooperation". The United States This situation leaves nations that fear give-and-take, not more eyeball-to-eyeball. should conduct a firm, clear policy of taking attack with limited options. They can build Above all, it requires an awareness that no prudent action to deter Soviet military up their own military forces, buy outside nation. however powerful, can assure its se. moves, continuing to compete non-militarily arms, and/or seek outside protectors. The curity by itself. If we are to survive the last for political influence, and seeking coopera­ so-called "Brezhnev Doctrine" would J?ro­ 20 years of the 20th Century, we will have tion with the Soviet Union in areas of vide any Marxist government with more to protect each nation's security by creating common interest such as preventing nuclear Soviet "protection" than it ever sought. But a workable system of international security. war and the proliferation of nuclear weap­ military intervention, whatever its name, is JOHN J. GILLIGAN, ons. incompatible with international security. Chairman of the Board. The Soviet moves most responsible for the One alternative approach would be to for­ PAUL C. WARNKE, deterioration in U.S.-Soviet relations even mulate a non-intervention agreement that Chairman of the Policy Action Committee.• OXXVI---461-Part 8 7150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 28, 1980 IRAN: TELL THE TRUTH USA for its role in Iran while the shah still anti-American protestors who demonstrated ruled. But they are not telling the true at the occupied U.S. Embassy in Tehran stor~. "would have been dead ot crippled or griev­ HON. ANDREW JACOBS JR. Victor Riesel wrote recently on this page ing over families cut down by malaria." of medical arid technical teams that virtual­ When "the highest U.S. administration of­ OF INDIANA ly wiped out Iran's perpetual plague of ma­ ficials" were asked why this story of gener­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES laria, built a n1odern textile factory and low ous and far-reachin~ American help was not rent cooperative housing for the workers, being told, the reply was-"Don't rock the Friday, March 28, 1980 organized workers' rights movements and boat." e Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, i: Insert unionism, set up vocational and other tech­ Official silence about ~erica's generous nical training schools around the country. gifts to other peoples does not make a parti­ in the RECORD the following India:p.ap• The· Americans shipped in lathes, milling cle of·sense. Lack of the truth makes false· olis Star editorial: machinery, grinders and other equipment, hoods about "ugly, exploitive" America IRAN: TELL THE TRUTH trahied skilled machinists, toolmakers and fester in uninformed minds. It fosters a For years the United States has under­ auto mechanics, built scientific hatcheries dark, infected atmosphere that helps pre­ gone character assassination as a global which produced chickens that ate less but pare minds for anti-American propaganda at super-villain in spite of huge outlays of were meatier and laid larger eggs. home and in other lands. money, goods, know-how and human effort Many young Americans spent their own The free media should tell the truth to help other peoples, one of the latest ex­ money in this broad campaign to modernize about Iran, be it "bad news" or "good news," amples being the Iranians. Iran and improve the quality of life. and so should the government. In the cur­ Now Iranian radicals and international If it had not been for the U.S. medics and rent crisis our stand may be needlessly self. leftists are busy tarring and feathering the technical teams, Riesel said, many of the effacing~•