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Code Switching Patterns Among Males and Females. the Case Of PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH University Abdelhamid Ibn Badis – Mostaganem Faculty of Letters and Arts Department Of English Sociolinguistics and Gender Studies Code Switching Patterns among Males and Females. The Case of Mostaganem Speakers Hocine OULDMOUSSA Dissertation submitted for partial fulfillment of the Requirements of “Master” in Sociolinguistics and Gender Studies Board of Examiners President: Mr. TEGUIA Cherif Supervisor: Dr. BENNEGHROUZI-Fatima, Z. Examiner: Mr. BOUDJLAL Mustapha Academic year: 2016-2017 Dedication To my parents who took care of me and trusted me right from the start. To my supervisor Dr Benneghrouzi who helped me and always treated me like her little brother. To my closest friends that supported and helped me when I was in a bad period, they are still with me especially Boucedra hamid, Chhida akram, Atia ousama, Belhouari albdelhak, Bennidris mansour, Benchnina touati . Thank you all i Acknowledgements First of all, I want to thank God for blessing me and accepting my prayers. Second, I am grateful to thank my whole family: my father and my mother for being there for me, supporting me, teaching me how to be a good man and a good learner. Third, it is a pleasure for me to thank my supervisor Dr. Benneghrouzi-Fatima, Z. for supporting us, providing us with knowledge and standing with us in the hardest times. Thank you dear professor for everything. Last and not least, I want to thank all the teachers from our first year to our last one. Thank you all. ii Abstract Language is not only a tool of communication and information but also a way of establishing and preserving relationships among people. All over the world, countries have several spoken languages in their territories. This linguistic variation is established thanks to several factors and through diverse manifestation. One of the territories that can be a good example to study this linguistic diversity is Algeria. The purpose of this research is to present the code-switching phenomenon and show the extent of the use of this phenomenon in the Algerian society. This research aims to show the implicit reasons why the Algerian population code switch. The theoretical side of this research shows the different linguistic phenomenon exist all over the world in general, and in a particular switching code. To test the hypotheses of this study, recording are used as a research tool. The practical side of the research consists of several recorded samples taken randomly in the Algerian society which deliver results that help me to analyze the situation. iii Table of Symbols Consonants Vowels P pen, copy, happen ɪ kit, bid, hymn, minute B back, baby, job E dress, bed, head, many T tea, tight, button Æ trap, bad D day, ladder, odd ɒ lot, odd, wash K key, clock, school ʌ strut, mud, love, blood G get, giggle, ghost ʊ foot, good, put tʃ church, match, nature iː fleece, sea, machine dʒ judge, age, soldier eɪ face, day, break F fat, coffee, rough, photo aɪ price, high, try V view, heavy, move ɔɪ choice, boy Θ thing, author, path uː goose, two, blue, group Ð this, other, smooth əʊ goat, show, no S soon, cease, sister aʊ mouth, now Z zero, music, roses, buzz ɪə near, here, weary iv ʃ ship, sure, national eə square. fair, various ʒ pleasure, vision ɑː start, father H hot, whole, ahead ɔː thought, law, north, war M more, hammer, sum ʊə poor, jury, cure N nice, know, funny, sun ɜː nurse, stir, learn, refer Ŋ ring, anger, thanks, sung ə about, common, standard L light, valley, feel I happy, radiate. glorious R right, wrong, sorry, arrange U thank you, influence, situation J yet, use, beauty, few n ̩ suddenly, cotton v Contents Dedication..............................................................................................................................I Acknowledgement.................................................................................................................II Abstract .................................................................................................................................III Table of Symbols...................................................................................................................IV Contents................................................................................................................................vi General introduction............................................................................................................1 Chapter one: The theoretical part of the research............................................................3 Introduction............................................................................................................................4 1-Bilingualism........................................................................................................................4 1.2-Types of bilingualism......................................................................................................5 A-Monocultural co-ordinate...........................................................................................5 B- Bicultural co-ordinate bilingual.................................................................................5 C-Bicultural compound bilingual...................................................................................5 2-Diglossia............................................................................................................................5 2.1 Type of diglossia.............................................................................................................6 A-High variety...............................................................................................................6 B-Low variety................................................................................................................6 vi 3-Code switching..................................................................................................................7 3.1-types of code switching..................................................................................................8 3.2-Forms of code switching................................................................................................9 A-Tag switching............................................................................................................9 B-Inter-sentential switching..........................................................................................9 C-Intra-sentential switching..........................................................................................9 4- Code mixing....................................................................................................................10 5-Borrowing........................................................................................................................11 6-Gender deffinition...........................................................................................................12 7- Studies in Gender...........................................................................................................13 8- Language and Gender....................................................................................................16 9-Gender and code switching.............................................................................................17 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................18 Chapter two: Functional Frame work if the research..................................................19 Introduction........................................................................................................................20 1. Part one.........................................................................................................................21 1. 1-Sample one..................................................................................................................21 1.2-Sample two...................................................................................................................22 1.3- Sample three................................................................................................................23 1.4-General analysis of part one.........................................................................................23 2-Part two..........................................................................................................................24 2.1- Sample one..................................................................................................................24 2.2- Sample two..................................................................................................................25 vii 2.3-Sample three.................................................................................................................25 2.1- General analysis of part two........................................................................................26 3-Part three........................................................................................................................27 3.1-Sample one....................................................................................................................27 3.2-Sample two...................................................................................................................27 3.3-Sample three.................................................................................................................28
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