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THE ANALYSIS of LANGUAGE VARIATION USED in FAST and FURIOUS 8 MOVIE a Sociolinguistics Study By: Arkin Haris, S.Pd., M.Hum

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THE ANALYSIS of LANGUAGE VARIATION USED in FAST and FURIOUS 8 MOVIE a Sociolinguistics Study By: Arkin Haris, S.Pd., M.Hum THE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE VARIATION USED IN FAST AND FURIOUS 8 MOVIE A Sociolinguistics Study By: Arkin Haris, S.Pd., M.Hum. Email: [email protected] Website: arkinharis.com A. Background of Study As human beings, people can not be separated from the process of communication. In their lives, people need to interact with others since they can’t live by themselves. Through communication process, people can change their minds, ideas, thoughts, and intentions. They can also deliver messages to others. In conducting communication, people need a medium to express their intentions and messages. The most appropriate medium is language since language can carry a message by symbols. This is in line with what has been suggested by Wardaugh (1992: 8) who states that ―Language allows people to say things to each other and expresses communicate needs‖. In short, language is constantly used by humans in their daily life as a means of communication. Language is very important in social interaction. In interlace good relation, people will use appropriate language that can be understood by others in particular event. Some communities have their own language that is used in daily activity which different with other communities. Every community have different characteristic from their culture which determined the variety of language that they use. Some of them make uncommon languages that only can be understood by the member of communities in order to keeping their attribute or keeping a secret. Family relation, work place, friendship, and social class also can be causes of language varieties. Beside language varieties, changed or mix a language to another can be the way to establish a communication depend on who is the partner and the context. The use of language varieties can be found in daily activities. In this paper the writer want to point out the basic issues of language variety theory in the movie context because movie illustrate a human living that can not be separated with language and communication. B. Objective of the Study The aims of this research are: a. Giving explanation about sociolinguistics language variation theory b. Identify the language variation that is used in Fast and Furious 8 movie C. Theoritical Review 1. Language Varieties In sociolinguistics a language variety, also called a lect, is a specific form of a language or language cluster. It is a general term for any distinctive form of a language or linguistic expression. This may include languages, dialects, registers, styles or other forms of language, as well as a standard variety. The use of the word "variety" to refer to the different forms avoids the use of the term language, which many people associate only with the standard language, and the term dialect, which is often associated with non- standard varieties, thought of as less prestigious or "correct" than the standard. Linguists speak of both standard and non-standard varieties. "Lect" avoids the problem in ambiguous cases of deciding whether two varieties are distinct languages or dialects of a single language. Linguistic commonly use language variety as a cover term for any of the overlapping subcategories of a language. Variation at the level of the lexicon, such as slang, argot, jargon, register, and idiom is often considered in relation to particular styles or levels of formality (also called registers), but such uses are sometimes discussed as varieties as well. a. Jargon Jargon is a type of language that is used in a particular context and may not be well understood outside that context. The context is usually a particular occupation (that is, a certain trade, profession, or academic field), but any in group can have jargon. The main trait that distinguishes jargon from the rest of a language is special vocabulary including some words specific to it, and often different senses or meanings of words that out groups would tend to take in another sense; therefore misunderstanding that communication attempt. Jargon is thus "the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of a special activity or group". Most jargon is technical terminology, involving terms of art or industry terms, with particular meaning within a specific industry. A main driving force in the creation of technical jargon is precision and efficiency of communication when a discussion must easily range from general themes to specific, finely differentiated details without circumlocution. A side-effect of this is a higher threshold for comprehensibility, which is usually accepted as a trade-off but is sometimes even used as a means of social exclusion (reinforcing ingroup-outgroup barriers) or social aspiration (when intended as a way of showing off). b. Argot An argot (English: /ˈɑːrɡoʊ/; from French argot [aʁˈɡo] 'slang') is a secret language used by various groups—e.g., schoolmates, outlaws, colleagues, among many others—to prevent outsiders from understanding their conversations. The term argot is also used to refer to the informal specialized vocabulary from a particular field of study, occupation, or hobby, in which sense it overlaps with jargon. The discipline of medicine has been referred to as having its own argot which includes abbreviations, acronyms, and "technical colloquialisms". Author Victor Hugo was one of the first to research argot extensively. He describes it in his 1862 novel Les Misérables as the language of the dark; at one point, he says, "What is argot; properly speaking? Argot is the language of misery."The earliest known record of the term argot in this context was in a 1628 document. The word was probably derived from the contemporary name les argotiers, given to a group of thieves at that time. Under the strictest definition, an argot is a proper language with its own grammar and style. But such complete secret languages are rare because the speakers usually have some public language in common, on which the argot is largely based. Such argots are mainly versions of another language, with a part of its vocabulary replaced by words unknown to the larger public; argot used in this sense is synonymous with cant. For example, argot in this sense is used for systems such as verlan and louchébem, which retain French syntax and apply transformations only to individual words (and often only to a certain subset of words, such as nouns, or semantic content words). Such systems are examples of argots à clef, or ―coded argots‖ Specific words can go from argot into common speech or the other way. For example, modern French loufoque 'crazy, goofy', now common usage, originates in the louchébem transformation of Fr. fou 'crazy'."Piaf" is a Parisian argot word for "bird, sparrow". It was taken up by singer Edith Piaf as her stage name. c. Register In linguistics, a register is a variety of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. For example, when speaking in a formal setting, an English speaker may be more likely to use features of prescribed grammar than in an informal setting—such as pronouncing words ending in -ing with a velar nasal instead of an alveolar nasal (e.g. "walking", not "walkin'"), choosing more formal words (e.g. father vs. dad, child vs. kid, etc.), and refraining from using words considered nonstandard, such as ain't. As with other types of language variation, there tends to be a spectrum of registers rather than a discrete set of obviously distinct varieties—numerous registers could be identified, with no clear boundaries between them. Discourse categorisation is a complex problem, and even in the general definition of "register" given above (language variation defined by use not user), there are cases where other kinds of language variation, such as regional or age dialect, overlap. Consequent to this complexity, scholarly consensus has not been reached for the definitions of terms including "register", "field" or "tenor"; different scholars' definitions of these terms are often in direct contradiction of each other. Additional terms including diatype, genre, text types, style, acrolect, mesolect, basilect, sociolect and ethnolect among many others, may be used to cover the same or similar ground. Some prefer to restrict the domain of the term "register" to a specific vocabulary (Wardhaugh, 1986) (which one might commonly call slang, jargon, argot or cant), while others[who?] argue against the use of the term altogether. These various approaches with their own "register", or set of terms and meanings, fall under disciplines including sociolinguistics, stylistics, pragmatics or systemic functional grammar. d. Slang Slang denotes low linguistic register words, phrases, and usages that in their conversation special groups like teenagers, musicians, or criminals favor over standard counterparts in order to establish group identity and exclude outsider in its earliest attested use (1756), the word slang referred to the vocabulary of "low or disreputable" people. By the early nineteenth century, it was no longer exclusively associated with disreputable people, but continued to be applied to usages below the level of standard educated speech. The origin of the word is uncertain, although it appears to be connected with thieves' cant. A Scandinavian origin has been proposed (compare, for example, Norwegian slengenavn, which means "nickname"), but based on "date and early associations" is discounted by the Oxford English Dictionary. Jonathan Green, however, agrees with the possibility of a Scandinavian origin, suggesting the same root as that of sling, which means "to throw", and noting that slang is thrown language - a quick, honest way to make your point. e. Idiom An idiom (Latin: idiomī, "special property", from Ancient Greek: ἰδίωμα, translit. idíōma, "special feature, special phrasing, a peculiarity", f. Ancient Greek: ἴδιος, translit. ídios, "one's own") is a phrase or an expression that has a figurative, or sometimes literal, meaning. Categorized as formulaic language, an idiom's figurative meaning is different from the literal meaning.
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