DANGEROUS MINDS Political Psychiatry in China Today and its Origins in the Mao Era Human Rights Watch and Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry Copyright © August 2002 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-278-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2002109978 Cover photo: Inside the Tianjin Ankang institute for mentally disordered offenders. There is no credit/copyright for anonymity reasons. Cover design by Rafael Jiménez Addresses for Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor, New York, NY 10118-3299 Tel: (212) 290-4700, Fax: (212) 736-1300, E-mail:
[email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 500, Washington, D.C. 20009 Tel: (202) 612-4321, Fax: (202) 612-4333, E-mail:
[email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, Second Floor, London N1 9FP, UK Tel: (171) 713-1995, Fax: (171) 713-1800, E-mail:
[email protected] 15 Rue Van Campenhout, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel: (2) 732-2009, Fax: (2) 732-0471, E-mail:
[email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org Listserv address: To subscribe to the Human Rights Watch news e-mail list, send a blank e-mail message to
[email protected]. Addresses for Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry P.O. Box 2182 1200 BG Hilversum, The Netherlands Tel.: (31) 35 6838727, Fax (31) 35 6833646, E-mail
[email protected] Zenevos Iniciatyva Psichiatrijoje Oginskio 3, 2040 Vilnius, Lithuania Tel: 00370-2-715760, Fax: 00370-2-715761, E-mail:
[email protected] Zhenevska Iniciativa v Psihiatriata 1, Maliovitsa Str., Sofia 1000, Bulgaria Tel/fax:+359 2 987 78 75, E-mail:
[email protected] HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world.