40Th Anniversary Bat Marking Centre Dresden – Evaluation of Methods and Overview of Results
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% 30 n Lx x=0 1 20 ea0 = = L0 q0 10 0 4.5 8.5 12.5 16.5 years 40th Anniversary Bat Marking Centre Dresden – Evaluation of Methods and Overview of Results Materialien69 60 zu Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege 3 Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie Publisher’s information Materialien zu Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege Purchase: This publication can be downloaded from 40th Anniversary Bat Marking Centre Dresden – www.umwelt.sachsen.de/lfug Evaluation of Methods and Overview of Results Note: Publisher: This document is published in the context of public relations Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie work of the Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology (LfUG, Saxon State Office for Environment and Geology) (LfUG). It shall not be used by political parties, their election Zur Wetterwarte 11, D-01109 Dresden workers and supporters for the purpose of campaigning. E-mail: [email protected] This publication shall not be used in a context where it could (no acceptance of electronically signed be understood as partisanship in favour of individual interest and encrypted electronic documents) groups, regardless of a temporal connection to election cam- paigns. Political parties are allowed to use this publication to Authors: inform their members. Rolf Steffens, Ulrich Zöphel, Dagmar Brockmann Depture of Nature, Landscape, Soil Copyright: This publication is protected under the relevant copyright Editorial deadline: laws. All rights reserved by the publisher, including the Decembre 2004 right to reprint and to reproduce photo-mechanically this publication or parts thereof. Design, layout, reproduction: c-macs publishingservice November 2007 Tannenstraße 2, D-01099 Dresden E-Mail: [email protected] Publication no.: L V-2/29 Translation: Find Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie on Arno Gutleb the internet: www.umwelt.sachsen.de/lfug Materialien zu Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege 40th Anniversary Bat Marking Centre Dresden – Evaluation of Methods and Overview of Results Rolf Steffens, Ulrich Zöphel & Dagmar Brockmann Publisher: Sächsisches Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie Contents Preface 7 Introduction 8 1 Marking Method and Characteristics 9 2 Development of Bat Marking in East Germany 11 2.1 Beginnings until 1950s 11 2.2 1960s until the early 1990s 11 2.3 1990s 15 3 Overview of Results 17 3.1 Marking and Record Statistics 17 3.2 Translocation and Site Fidelity of Marked Bats 23 3.2.1 Introduction and Overview of Results 23 3.2.2 Necessity and Possibilitites for a Further Differentiation of Results 27 3.2.2.1 Data basis 27 3.2.2.2 Type of Change of Site 27 3.2.2.3 Possibilities for Further Differentiation of the Results 27 3.2.2.4 Some General Evaluations of the Refind Results Differentiated after Seasonal Migration and Roost Shifting 29 3.2.2.4.1 Seasonal Migration between Summer and Winter Roosts 29 3.2.2.4.2 Shifting of Summer Roosts or Winter Roosts 31 3.2.2.5 Settlement Behaviour and Seasonal Migration of Juvenile Marked Animals Compared with Adults 32 3.2.3 Migration and Roost Changes of Different Species 36 3.2.3.1 Species with Directed Migration over long Distances (to Climatically Preferable Areas) and no or hardly any Non-Migrating Animals 36 3.2.3.2 Species with wider Home Ranges, without Directed Migration and with a Small to Medium Proportion of Non-Migrating Animals 43 3.2.3.3 Species with smaller Home Ranges, without Directed Migration and a High Proportion of Non-Migrating Animals 55 3.2.4 Summary and Conclusions on Site Fidelity and Migration of Marked Bats 60 3.3 Recapture Results as a Contribution for the Evaluation of Species Specific Survival Rates and Age Structures 61 3.3.1 Introduction 61 3.3.2 Species Specific Survival Rates for Bats 62 3.3.2.1 Methodological Background 62 3.3.2.2 Remarks on Some of the Published Results of the Area of Bat Marking Centre Dresden 65 3.3.3 Research into Species Specific Age Distributions in Bat Populations and Roost Communities in the Area of Bat Marking Centre Dresden 68 3.3.4 Growth Rate of Bat Populations and Roost Communities 70 3.3.5 Results Preparation, Evaluation and Differentiation for the Analyses of Survival Rates of Native Bat Species in the Area of the Bat Marking Centre Dresden 70 3.3.5.1 Preface 70 3.3.5.2 Reference Periods 70 3.3.5.3 Time Intervals and Roost Relationships 72 3.3.5.4 Live Refinds, Dead Refind and Final Refinds 73 3.3.5.5 Age at Marking and Sex of Marked Animals 76 3 3.3.5.6 Settlement at roosts 77 3.3.5.7 Site Fidelity and Roost Interrelations 77 3.3.6 Overview of Results 79 3.3.7 Species Specific Results 83 3.3.7.1 Greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis)83 3.3.7.1.1 Status of Available Data 83 3.3.7.1.2 Mortality Tables and Survival Curves 83 3.3.7.1.3 Trends of Population Parameters and Populations 87 3.3.7.1.4 Reasons for the Observed Trends 90 3.3.7.1.5 Conclusions for Bat Marking and Population Monitoring 91 3.3.7.2 Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii)91 3.3.7.2.1 Status of Available Data 91 3.3.7.2.2 Survival Curves 91 3.3.7.2.3 Trends of Population Parameters and Populations 91 3.3.7.2.4 Reasons for the Observed Trends 93 3.3.7.2.5 Conclusions for Bat Marking and Population Monitoring 93 3.3.7.3 Natterer’s bat (Myotis nattereri)93 3.3.7.3.1 Status of Available Data 93 3.3.7.3.2 Survival Curves 93 3.3.7.3.3 Trends of Population Parameters and Populations 93 3.3.7.3.4 Reasons for the Observed Trends 94 3.3.7.3.5 Conclusions for Bat Marking and Population Monitoring 94 3.3.7.4 Brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus)95 3.3.7.4.1 Status of Available Data 95 3.3.7.4.2 Survival Curves 95 3.3.7.4.3 Trends of Population Parameters and Populations 95 3.3.7.4.4 Reasons for the Observed Trends 97 3.3.7.4.5 Conclusions for Bat Marking and Population Monitoring 97 3.3.7.5 Noctule (Nyctalus noctula) 97 3.3.7.5.1 Status of Available Data 97 3.3.7.5.2 Survival Curves 97 3.3.7.5.3 Trends of Population Parameters and Populations 97 3.3.7.5.4 Status of Available Data 98 3.3.7.5.5 Conclusions for Bat Marking and Population Monitoring 98 3.3.7.6 Nathusius’ pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii)98 3.3.7.6.1 Status of Available Data 98 3.3.7.6.2 Survival Curves 99 3.3.7.6.3 Trends of Population Parameters and Populations 99 3.3.7.6.4 Reasons for the Observed Trends 99 3.3.7.6.5 Conclusions for Bat Marking and Population Monitoring 100 3.3.7.7 Common pipistrelle s. l. (Pipistrellus pipistrellus s. l.) 100 3.3.7.7.1 Status of Available Data 100 3.3.7.7.2 Survival Curves 100 3.3.7.7.3 Trends of Population Parameters and Populations 100 4 3.3.7.7.4 Reasons for the Observed Trends 101 3.3.7.7.5 Conclusions for Bat Marking and Population Monitoring 102 3.3.7.8. Other Species 102 3.3.7.8.1 Brandt’s bat (Myotis brandtii)102 3.3.7.8.2 Leisler’s bat (Nyctalus leisleri)103 3.3.7.8.3 Northern bat (Eptesicus nilssonii)104 3.3.7.8.4 Barbastelle (Barbastella barbastellus)104 3.3.7.8.5 Serotine (Eptesicus serotinus), Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus), Grey long-eared bat (Plecotus austriacus), Bechstein’s bat (Myotis bechsteinii)105 3.3.7.8.6 Parti-coloured bat (Vespertilio murinus), Pond bat (Myotis dasycneme), Soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), Lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros)105 3.3.8 Calculation Examples for Population Development of Selected Bat Species 106 3.3.9 Summary of Conclusions from Survival Rates and other Population Parameters 108 4 Bat Marking and Bat Protection 109 5 References 111 5.1 References on Bat Marking in East Germany 111 5.2 Additional cited References 119 5 Preface Bats belong to one of the most threatened groups of or- I hope that the markers will pick up the methodological ganisms largely due to their biology. Information on migra- aspects for their analyses of the local data and that the tion and roosting, survival rates, population trends, and comparison of smaller datasets with the general ten- factors that influence them are difficult to collect because dencies that are presented in this report will result in of their secretive life and their nocturnal activity. Bat mark- interesting discussions. The reported gaps in knowledge ing is an important tool to collect the information neces- will hopefully initiate further studies. Once we succeed in sary for the understanding of these important aspects. continuing and stressing the importance of our common project – the marking of bats – future analyses will lead to The centralised data registration and analysis of marking even further reaching and more accurate results that form data is traditionally performed in marking centres. The Bat an important contribution for our understanding of the eco- Marking Centre Dresden has been active in this field for logy and the protection needs of this fascinating animal more than 40 years. The Saxon State Agency for Environ- group.