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Tlie vear a.d. 1010 saw the completion of the Shdhndma, the great 1'er.siair Its author, the poet Firdausi, spent over thirty ei)ic. taskIfoori;had ou'4 vears in its coiiipositiou, only to experience, when the a heart-breaking disappointment weU worthy ot m- been" actiieved, has clusiou in any record of tiie calamities of authors. His worii to be sur-v-ived the test of time, and by general consent is accounted one of the few great epics of the world. Geographically, and in some the ol other resiiects, it may be said to stand half-way between epics Europe and those of India. In its own land it has no peer, wnile in construction and subject-matter it is uni(|ue. Other epics ct\utre round some heroic cliaracter or incident to which all else is sub.ser- vient. In the .^liAhndma there is no lack either of heroes or of in- cidents, but its real hero is the ancient Persian people, and its theme their whole surviving legendary history from the days of the Pirst Man to tiie death of the last Sdsiinian Shdh in the middle of the seventh of the Persian race that they alone century of our era. It is the glory own among all nations possess such a record, based as it is on their traditions and set lorth in the words of their greatest poet. In another sense, too, the Shdhndma is unique. Tlie authors of the other great or of their epics tell us little or nothing of their own personalities sources of information. Their works are fairy palaces suspended in it was achieved. The mid air ; we see the result, but know not how author of the Shillindma takes us into his confidence from the first, so tliat in reading it we are let into the secret of epic-making, and can apply the knowledge lliiis gained to solve the problem of the con- struction of its great congeners. To the student ot comparative mytliiilogv and folk-lore, to the lover of historic romance or roniantic historv, and to all that are fond of tales of high achievements and the gests of inToes. the Sbdiniama is a stoiclioiisc of ricli and abundant material. To set forth a com]ilete presentment of it with the needful notes and elucidations is tlie object of the present translation, made from two of tlie best printed texts of the original— that of Vullers and Laudauer, an

DONE INTO ENGLISH BY

ARTHUR GEORGE WARNER, MA. AND

EDMOND WARNER, B A.

The homes that are the diceUincjs of to-day Will sinic 'neath shower and sunshine to decay. Hut storm and rain shall never mar what I

Have built^the pulace of my poetry." , FiRDAUSI.

VOL. IX

LONDON:

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO., L^

BROADWAY HOUSE I CARTER LANE, E.G. 1925 The rights of translation and of re /reduction are reserved.

PIMNTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY THE DEVONSHIRE PRESS, TORQUAY THE SHAHNAMA

VOL. IX.

\

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

" lines " Page ix, 1-3, for v, xi, xii," read vii, xiii, xv." " " " Page 130, Col. I, line 14 from bottom, for xii nacf xv." " " " Page 131, Col. I, line 21, for xii read xv."

' " Pages 123-133, in the case of Roman vii reod " " " " " numerals, fvr ix," for viii read x etc.

Page 195, Col. 2, line 11, delete first comma. Page 196, Col. I, line 11 from bottom, delete "Ahran." Col. after " Page 216, 2, line 10 from bottom, insert Reign of, J57, V, 281 seq. Note on, v, 281." " Page 225, Col. I, line S from bottom, delete Bandwi." " " " Page 240, Col. 2, line 13 from bottom, before 102 insert i." " " " Page 245, Col. 2, line 12, for 162 read 162."

Page 251, Col. I, line 11 from bottom, after "of" insert comma.

Page 257, Col. 2, line 11, before and after "vitrified" inseit comma.

Page 268, Col. 2, line 15 from^ bottom, after" oi" insert comma. " Page 276, Col. I, line 3 from bottom, read Olympias." " " " Page 279, Col. 2, line 5 from bottom, for 363 read 263." " " " Page 289, Col. I, line 25, for 140 read 140."

Col. " Page 302, _>, line 10 from bottom, /o^ 85 read "23." " " " Page 310, Col. I, line 3, for ig6 read 171." Col. " Page 311, 2, line 15 from bottom, after "by" insert viii, 190. " Page 327, Col. 2, line 31 end, add ix, 23." " " " Page 328, Col. I, line 26, for 205 read 105."

Page 334, Col. I, line 7, for "Northman" read "Northmen." " Page 337, Col. 2, line 2 from bottom, add viii, 108."

Page 362, Col. I, line 7 from bottom, insert comma at end.

Page 363, Col. I, line 25 end, insert comma. " " Page 366, Col. I, line 23, before 137" insert vii." " Page 372, Col. 1, line 14, delete vi." " Page 385, Col. I, line 23, delete 176." " Col. line 10 from insert Page 386," 2, bottom, after Khnrasdn," 176." " Page 39X, Col. 2, line 7 from bottom, delete Yazdagird."

PREFATORY NOTE

The General Index at the end of this vohime should be consulted in preference to—the Indexes to the separate volumes of this work. E.W. CONTENTS

PAQB Prefatory Note ...... v Abbreviations ...... xi Note on Pronunciation ...... xii

THE SASANIAN dynasty (concluded)

KuBAD (Commonly Called Shirwi) — SKCT. 1. How Shirwi ascended the Throne, announced his Will, and sent Chiefs to his Father with Counsel and Excuses .... 8 2. How Khusrau Parwiz answered Shirwi . . 15 3. How Shirwi grieved for Khusrau Parwiz and how

the Chiefs were displeased thereat . . 27 4. How Barbad lamented Khusrau Parwiz, cut off his own Fingers, and burned his Instruments of Music ...... 29 5. How the Chiefs demanded from Shirwi the Death of Khusrau Parwiz and how he was slain by Mihr Hurmuzd ..... 32 6. How Shirwi asked Shirin in Marriage, how Shirin

killed herself, and how Shirwi was slain . 36

Ardsiii'r, Son of Shirwi— 1. How Ardshir, Son of Shirwi, ascended the Throne

and harangued the Chiefs . . -44 2. How Guraz was displeased at Ardshir being Shah and how he caused Ardshir to be slain by Piruz Son of Khusrau .... 45 ^ . Guraz (also called Farayin)— I. How Guraz (also called Farayin) received News of the Slaying of Ardshir, hastened to Iran, took Possession of the Throne, and was killed by Shahranguraz . . . . .51 PiJrAndukht— 1. How Purandukht ascended the Throne and slew Piriiz, Son of Khusrau, and how her own Life ended ...... 56 ix CONTENTS AzARMDUKHT- SECT. PAGE I. How Azarmdukht ascended the Throne and how she died ...... 59 FarrukhzAd— I. How Farrukhziid ascended the Throne and how he was slain by a Slave .... 61 Yazdagird— 1. How Yazdagird ascended the Throne and addressed * the Chiefs ...... 70 2. How Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, invaded Iran, how Yazdagird sent Rustam to oppose him, and how Rustam wrote a Letter to his Brother 72 3. How Rustam wrote to Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, and how he rephed .... 78 4. How Rustam fought with Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, and was slain ..... 83 5. How Yazdagird consulted with the Iranians and went to Khurasan ..... 85 6. How Yazdagird wro^e to Mahwi of Siir . 89 7. How Yazdagird wrote to the Marchlords of Tiis 90 8. How Yazdagird went to Tiis and how Mahwi of Siir met him ...... 95 9. How Mahwi of Siir incited Bi'zhan to war with Yazdagird and how Yazdagird fled and hid himself in a Mill ..... 96 10. How Mahwi of Siir sent the Miller to kill Yazdagird, and how the Archmages counselled Mahwi to forbear ...... lOI 11. How Yazdagird was slain by Khusrau, the Miller 107 12. How Mahwi of Sur was informed of the Obsequies of Yazdagird and ascended the Throne 1 12 13. How Bizhan, hearing of the Slaying of Yazdagird, and of Mahwi of Siir's Accession to the Throne, led forth the Host to fight with him "5 14. How Mahwi of Siir was taken and slain by Order of Bizhan ..... 118 15. Account of the Completion of the Shahnama 121 Index . .... 123 General List of Abbreviations 135 General Table of Contents . 139 Corrections and Additions 177 General Index 191 ABBREVIATIONS

C.—Macan's edition of the Shahnama L.—Lumsden's do. P.—Mohl's do. T.—Tihran do. v.—Vullers' do.

BCM. The Chahar Maqala (" Four Discourses ") of Nidhami-i- 'Ariidi-i-Samarqandi. Translated into EngUsh by Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B. CTC. Theophanis Chronographia. Ex Recensione loannii Classeni.

LEC. The Lands of the Eastern Califate. By G. Le Strange. NIN. Das Iranische Nationalepos von Theodor Noldeke. NT. Geschichte der Perser und Araber sur Zeit der Sasaniden

. . . von. Th. Noldeke.

RM. The Rauzat-us-safa of . . . ; or, Garden Purity. By Mirkhond. . . . Translated ... by E. Rehatsek. RSM. The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy. By George Rawlinson, M.A. ZT. Chronique de Abou-Djafar-Mo'hammed-Ben-Djarir-Ben-

Yezid-Tabari, traduite . . . Par M. Hermann Zoten- burg.

xiu

NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION

" a as in water." " i as in pique." " u as in rude." " a as in servant." " i as in sin." " M as in foot." " ai as in time." " au as in ou in cloud." " g is always hard as in give." " kh as ch in the German buch," " zh ^ ^ in azure,"

XV

IV THE SASlNIAN DYNASTY

(Concluded)

VOL. IX.

XLIV

KUBAD (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) HE REIGNED SEVEN MONTHS

' ARGUMENT

Kiibtid on his accession sends two cliiefs to accuse of niis- governniont the fallen and imprisoned Shah, Khusrau Parvviz, who justifies himself at great length. His fall is made the subject of a lament by Barbad, the minstrel, who afterwards mutilates himself. The chiefs, noticing symptoms of remorse in Kubad, insist upon the death of Khusrau Parwiz who is kilh'd with all his other sons. Kubad falls in love with, and wishes to marry, Shiri'n, who poisons herself rather than consent, and Kubad himself is poisoned soon afterwards. NOTE

The days of the reign of Kubad (Kobad II., Feb. -Sept.', A.D. 628) were few and evil. Tradition already had prepared the ground for this in the unfavourable account given of ^ his early years. The murder of his father was followed by that of all his brothers, and by the tragic death of Shirin, while in addition to all these horrors a frightful pestilence broke out in his reign and the great mortality that ensued still further weakened the resources of an already almost cxliausted country and hel])ed to pave the way for the suc- cessful Arab invasion of a few years later on. Kubad is represented in the poem as a loutish, uneducated youth,- but even if his abilities had been great it is difficult to see how he could Ijave extricated himself from the coil in which

' • See Vol. viii., p. 390 Id,

3 OF FIRDAUSt 4 THE SHAHNAMA he found himself involved without mishap to himself or his others. He owed his release from prison and perhaps demanded life to the very conspirators that subsequently of him for their own security the death of his father. To have refused would have been fatal to himself, while in all father and his brothers, with the probability his exception of one who would have been made Shah, would have perished all the same. It is inconceivable that the conspirators would have run the risk to themselves of restoring Khusrau Parwiz, with his black record of ingratitude as instanced by his treat- ment of Bandwi and Gustaham,i to \^\^ former position as which ruler. With the exception of his infatuation for Shirin, Kubad his hardly can be regarded as historical, throughout circumstances. short reign was the victim of was one of the niost §§ 1 and 2. Kharrad, son of Barzin, trusted ministers of Khusrau Parwiz and planned the assassina- tion of Bahram Chubina.^ According to Tabari he fell at the battle of Dhu Kar.^ to an end As the epoch of the Sasanian Dynasty draws through scenes of deepening tragedy the legitimist leanings of the tradition seem to become more and more pronounced and we have an instance here. It is hardly to be supposed, of historically speaking, that formal charges misgovernmcnt Khusrau were drawn up against, and as formally answered by, Parwiz, but rather that someone, desirous of vindicating that Shah's memory and conversant with the circumstances of the time, soon after his death drew up the charges and the of them are in both the replies thereto. Versions given Arabic and Persian Tabari and elsewhere. Four of the well as in the Shah- charges are found in—both the Tabaris as nama.* They are : 1. The murder by Khusrau Parwiz of his father Hurmuzd. of as a result 2. The .illegitimate accumulation treasure of the financial oppression of the people. 3. The harsh treatment of the royal princes. 4. The refusal to restore the True Cross.

To these the Arabic Tabari adds : — 1. The general ill-treatment of all prisoners. 2. Enforced recruiting for the royal Haram even of women already married.

' ' ? Id. See Vol. viii., p. 354 seq. Id. p. 331 seq. p. iQQ-

NT, 363 seq, ZT, ii., 334 se^. KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHlRWl) 5

3. The keeping of the troops for a long period absent from home.

The Persian Taburi adds : — 1. The imprisonment of the troops defeated by the Arabs at Dhu Kar and by Heraclius. • 2. The exactions of arrears of tribute for the previous twenty or thirty years. 3. The attempt to slay the youthful Yazdagird (after- wards the last Sasanian Shah). 4. The deposition of Nu'man, prince of Hira.^ 5. The mutilation and subsequent execution of Mardan- shah.- In the Arabic Tabari eight charges are made against Khusrau Parwiz two of which—those relating to the royal " " Haram and the refusal to restore the True Cross —are left unanswered. In the Persian Tabari eleven charges are formulated to each of which in the same order an answer is made. Some of the charges, however, must be regarded as later additions while that relating to Nu'man is not likely to have suggested itself to a Persian and must come from an Arab source. In the Shahnama there are eight charges, all of which are more or less answered, but not in the— same order as they are pre- ferred, but in the following: 1, 6, 7, 8, 2, 5, 3, 4. Thus Khusrau Parwiz replies to the most serious accusations— those of offences against persons—first. The Shahnama most wath the Arabic Tabari, the agrees closely " supplies missing answer mth regard to the True Cross," but does not deal with the (jravamen of the royal Haram question, as that par- ticular charge is not one of those mentioned in the j^oem. Galinush subsequently served in the war against the Arabs, fought at the Battle of the Bridge, and was perhaps slain at Kadisiya.^ § 5. Indignant legitimate tradition is naturally very wroth with Mihr Hurnmzd, the murderer of Khusrau Parwiz, whom it describes as the lowest of the low and vilest of the vile. According to Tabari, however. Mihr Hurmuzd was the son of Mardanshah, the governor of Nimriiz and one of the most obedient and faithful of Khusrau Parwiz' officials. In the Persian Tabari's version of the Romance of Bahram

' ' See Vol. viii., p. 190. See p. 6. ' NT, p. 365 note. RM, Pt. II., vol. iii., pp. 95, 116. 6 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi

Chubina that hero's brother, Yalaii-sina in the Sliahnama, is called Mardanshab. Yalan-sina is always represented as being one of Bahram (.'hubina's most loyal adherents just as the other brother, Gurdwi, was a firm supjjorter of Khusrau Parwiz, while their- sister Gurdya held an intermediate position, faithful to Bahram Chubina, but opposing his kingl}'- ambition in every way in her power. Later on when married to Gus- taham, the maternal uncle of Khusrau Parwiz, she agreed, on condition that she should become the Shah's wife and that a full amnesty should be given to all her adherents, to murder he..- husband and did so. There would be nothing strange therefore in Mardanshah, if identical with Yalan-sina, becoming reconciled to, and receiving high oflfice from, Khusrau Parwiz. He would serve one master as faithfully as he served the other. In the circumstances the strange thing would have been lor the treacherous Shah not to have taken the first convenient occasion against him. According to the story the Shah, two years before his deposition, consulted the astrologers who informed him that his death would come from Nimrvlz. He therefore began to siispect and summoned Mardanshah, but finding no pretext for putting him to death, as he was perfectly loyal and withal an aged man, determined merely to cut off his right hand and make him a large i)resent of money as compensation. The sentence was carried out. Mardan- shah regarded such a mutilation as worse than death and, when shortly afterwards the Shah was good enough to send and express his regret for what had occurred, asked the Shah to grant hini a boon. The Shah swore to do so, on which Mardanshah requested that his head should be struck off in order to wipe out the disgrace put upon him. The Shah, bound by his oath, felt himself obliged to consent and the execution took place accordingly. The Shah wished to make Mardanshah's son governor of Nimruz, but he refused and withdrew from the army.^ He joined the conspiracy against Khusrau Parwiz^ and by avenging his father on the Shah justified the prediction of the astrologers. The account given by Theophanes of the last days of the Shah is different. As a general rule it is not prudent to put iaith in stories of what occurred in Oriental palaces or prisons, but owing to the special circumstances of the case his in- formation may be good in this instance, as it appears to be

»NT, p. 379. ZT, ii., 330. "See Vol. viii., p. 196. KUDAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 7 l);isoH)n.s])irators, he was bound and " confined in the House of Darkness," which he had himself built as a stronj^hold for his treasures. Here he was sparingly " fed on bread and water for, said Slu'rwi : Let him eat the gold that he has vainly amassed, and for whose sake he has starved many, and made the world itself a desert." Shirwi also sent satraps to revile and spit upon him, had his son Mardasas, whom he had wished to crown, slain before his eyes, and all his other sons as well, sent his enemies to beat and spit upon hira, and, after five days of such treatment, had him put to death with arrows. Shirwi then wrote to Heraclius to announce the death of the detested Khusrau Parwiz, arranged terms of peace, released all the captives, and restored " ^ the True Cross." With regard to these latter statements of Theophanes it should be observed that peace was not " concluded, and the True Cross" restored, till after the death of Shirwi.^ According to Tabari Kubad had Mihr Hurmuzd put to death.3

§ 6. The association of Khusrau Parwiz and Shirin began, it would seem,'* before his accession to the throne, and he reigned for thirty-eight vears. If Shirwi really wished to marry Shirin it must have been for political motives and because she had been so much in his father's confidence and might furnish useful information. For a son to raarrv his father's wives was, according to Persian ideas, quite the correct procedure in the circumstances. Kubad is said to have been bitterly reproached by his two sisters, Purandukht and Azarmdukht, for his share in the deaths of his father and brothers, and to have suffered much from sickness and remorse. He died at Dastagird, but from what cause is uncertain.^ The plague was very virulent at the time. Poison was often made to account for what was really due to disease.

' ' * CTC, i., 502. NT, p. 392 and note. Id. p. 382. » 'See vol. viii., p. 383. NT, p. 3S4 and notes. THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl

§1

Hon) Shirivi ascended the Throne, announced his Will, and sent Chiefs to his Father with Counsel and Excuses

Now when Shirwi sat on the goodly throne, And donned the royal crown so much desired, The leaders of the Iranians each drew near To proffer hi'm the homage due to kings, " Exclaiming : Worshipful and honoured Shah ! Know, God gave thee the crown, and now thou sittcst Securely on the throne of ivory. And may thy sons and scions have the world." Kubad replied : "Be ever conquering And happy. Never will we practise ill. How good is justice with benevolence ! The world will we keep peaceful and cut off The works of Ahriman by every right, Ancestral precedent that greateneth The Glory of our Faith. I will dispatch A message to my sire and tell him all. He is in evil odour in the world

Through his ill deeds : let him excuse his faults To God and turn to custom and the way. If he shall heed me he will Jiot resent My conduct. Then will I devote myself To state-affairs and strive to compass justice Both publicly and privily, do good Where good is due, and break no poor man's heart. I need two honest men of goodly speech, Whose memories are charged with ancient lore." KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED STltRWt) 9

'' He asked the assembly : Whom shall I employ ? '' Who is most shrewd and honest in fran ? The warriors all surroested by their looks Two men of lore if they should oive consent. Kiibad pereeived whom the Iranians

Agreed to ehoose : one of them was Ashtad, The other was Kharrad, son of Barzin, The old—two sages eloquent and heedful. " Kubad addressed them thus : O ye wise men. Ye chiefs experienced and veteran ! Deem not the conduct of the world too toilsome, Because the Great by travail compass treasure. It is for to the Shah you now approach ; Perchance through you he may conform himself. Appeal to him by instance new or old As there is need." With tears unwillingly Those sages made them ready. When Kharrad, Son of Barzin, and when Ashtad, who had Gashasj) for sire, had mounted on their steeds, " As bidden, Kubad said : Now with right good will 'Tis yours to take the road to Taisafun,^ To carry to my glorious sire a message. And bear it all in mind from first to last. ' Say : 'Twas no fault of ours nor did the Iranians Cause this, but having left the way of Faith Thou hast thyself incurred God's chastisement, For, first, no son legitimate wall shed His sire's blood though impure or give assent Thereto and fill the hearts of upright folk With pain. Again, thy treasures fill the world, And thine exactions reach all provinces, While, thirdly, many horsemen brave and famed Within Iran who gladdened there have left Son, country, and their own pure kith and kin, ' Couplet omitted. lo THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl

Have parted, this to Chin and that to Ruin, And now are scattered o'er each march and land. Again, when Caisar, who had done and borne So much for thee, had given thee a host And dauirhter too with treasure and much else. Desired of thee the Cross of Christ for Rum, So that his land might be revived thereby, How did the Cross of Jesus profit so Thy treasures when complaisance on thy part Would have made Caesar glad ? But thou didst not Restore it, hadst not wit enough for that, Or one to guide thee to humanity. Again, thy greed was such that wisdom's eye Was all obscured in thee, and thou didst seize The chattels of the poor whose curses brought 111 on thy head. Thou slewest thy mother's brothers,^ Two loyal men who gave thy throne a lustre. Moreover thou hadst sixteen sons whose days And nights were passed in prison while no chief Could sleep secure from thee but hid in fear.^ is Know, that which hath befall'n thee from God ; Reflect on thy foul deeds. As for myself, I am but as the instrument in all This wrong, am but the heading of the tale. By God, 'twas not my fault, no aim of mine

To wreck the Shah's throne ! Now for all seek grace, i\.nd so to chieftains of Iran say these ; Turn from ill deeds to God—the Guide to good—- Who may abate the woes that thou hast brought " Upon thyself.' On hearing this the twain Departed with their hearts all seared and sore Till, sorrowful and weeping, they arrived At Taisafun and in that city sought

' Bandwi and Gustaham. * This sentence comes at the end of the speech in the text. KUDAD [COMMOXT.V called SIltRWt) IT

Tlio palace of Mai'usi|)aM(l lor there

The exalted kin

Sat at the palaee-^ate : thou woiildst have said : — " " Earth is eonvulscd before him ! lie was nrmed 111 lielin and breastplate, all the Arab steeds Wore bards, and all his soldiers were drawn up, Equipped, and sword in hand. He grasped a niaee Of steel, his heart all fire and storm. Now when Kharrad, son of Barzin, and when Ashtad, Son of Gashasp, those sages twain, dismounted, He rose forthwith, rejoiced to look on them, And gave them place befitting, hailing them As famous chiefs. The eloquent Kharrad First laved his tongue in valour and then said " To Galinush : Kubad the glorious Hath donned in peace the Kaian crown. Iran, Ti'iran and Rum have tidings that Shirwi^ Is seated on the throne of king of kings. Why this cuirass and helm and massive mace ? " Who is thine enemy ? — Said Galinush : " O veteran ! may all thy doings prosper. Thou art concerned about my tender frame C. 2029 Because I am in iron garniture. I bless thee for kindness thou deservest thy ; That I shall sprinkle jewels over thee. Thy words are naught but good, and may the sun Be thine associate in the world. Declare Why thou hast come, then look for my reply." " lie thus gave answer : Glorious Kubad Commissi )ncd me to bear Khusrau Parwiz A message and if now thou wilt ask audience- l will deliver what the world-lord said—

' That being the name by which he had been generally known, his real name (Kubad) having been kept secret. See Vol. viii., pp. 371, 416. • Reading with P. 12 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI That monarch of the flock." — Said Galiiiush : " \Vho can remember words so well as thou, O worshii)ful ? Yet nathless Shah Knbad Gave me full many a counsel touching this. ' And charged me, saying : Let none have by day Or niffht an audience of Khusrau Parwiz Unless thou hearest what the messenger " Hath got to say in Persian new or old.'

Ashtad said : "I hold not my message secret, ' is O fortunate ! It is : The sword fruiting, And nuzzling princes' heads.' In this regard Now ask for audience of Khusrau Parwiz That we may tell the message of the Shah." This hearing Galniush arose, made fast His mail, went to the Shah with folded arms. " As servants should, and said thus : Live for ever, heart. O Shah ! May evil never vex thy There cometh by Ashtad and by Kharrad, Son of Barzin, a message from the Shah From court." Khusrau Parwiz laughed out and said : — " Speak wiser words for if he be the king Then what am I, and why am I wdthin This narrow prison, and why need'st thou ask That I shall grant an audience unto any, " Be their words false or true ? So Galimish Returned to those two warriors, reported— The answer of the paladin, and said : " Now go with folded arms, declare your message, And hearken his reply." Those sages twain Of honest speech inswathed their visages In sashes brought from Chin and, when they saw The Shah, did reverence and waited long KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SlllRWt) 13

What while he sat upon a loft}' throne Adorned with efTinics of sheep and wolves, Impleaehed with gold and gems, with under hitu A couch of yellow broidery. lie leaned On cushions hued like lapis-lazuli, Held a fine quince and drowsed there all amort. When he beheld those chiefs supreme in wisdom c. 2030 He roused himself and secretly invoked God's help. He laid that fine quince on the cushions That he might welcome those two wayfarers.^ The quince slipped from the cushions, rolled unbruised Upon the couch and thence from throne to floor. Ashtad ran, took it up, wiped off the dust, And laid the quince upon his head. The world-lord Turned from Ashtad that he might neither see Nor scent the quince. They set it on the throne, ^ And stood themselves. The matter of the quince

Perturbed Khusrau Parwiz who boded ill, " Looked up to heaven, and said : O truthful Judge! Who can establish one whom Thou o'erthrowest. Who join what Thou hast broken ? W^hen bright fortune Departeth from a race it bringeth sorrow Because the day of joy is passed away." " Then to Ashtad : Now for thine ambassage From mine unnatural child of ill repute, And from that handful of conspirators. My hateful and black-hearted enemies. jMalignant fools are they and in their folly

Most wretched. Fortune will desert our race ; None will the throne rejoice again ; crown and Will to those unfit this Tree pass ; royal Will be the will destroyed ; Base be exalted ; The spirits of the Great grow sorrowful.

' ' ces deux esclavcs.' Mohl. • I^cadin^ with P. 14 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi

The majesty ^vill bide not with our sons, or Or with our kindred {)osterity ; Their friends all be their chiefest enemies, Revilcrs and destroyers of the race. This hath made the secret evident quince ; The throne of king of kings will bear no fruit.

Now tell to me the words that thou hast heard : I count his less than water in the stream." Then those two men released their tongues to speak, And told all that Kubad, his son, had said, Not keeping e'en a whisper back from him. The king of kings, when he had heard the message. Writhed with distress and heaved a deep, cold sigh. " Then said he to those chiefs : Hear my response. And bear it to the young prince, every word. ' Say : Quit thine own misdeeds ere blaming others'. What thou hast uttered are they words of thine ? A murrain on the prompter [^ Speak not so 2031 As to rejoice thy foe with thy fool's talk. And let him learn that thou hast not the wisdom To furnish speech with knowledge from thy brains. If thy trust is in words that profit not Thou mak'st default in soul and wisdom too. He that shall call thee wicked, then acknowledge Thee to be world-lord, should not sit before thee, And order matters whether great or small. Think not in future of such messages Or thou wilt cause thy foemen to rejoice. state hath been My appointed me by God ; My hopes are set upon the other world. And thou by these thy charges which are lies " Wilt gain no glory in the nobles* eyes.'

' Reading with P. and T. KUBAD {COMmuxLY called SIllRWt) 15

^2

Hoiv Khaarau Pariciz answered ISliinvi

" Now will I make full answer that thou niayst Repeat my words in publie. They will serve As my memorial when I am gone— A truthful statement of my case—and thou AVilt know, when I reveal my grief and travail, That all ni}^ treasures were derived from toil. Thou speakest in the first place of Ilurmuzd,

His anger with mc, and those bygone days : My father's wrath against us was aroused By slanderer's "words and thus confusion came. When I had learned what occupied his thoughts I left Iran by night, avoiding roads. He death I sought my by poison ; perceived No antidote but flight and so I fled, And was not taken in the net of bale. I heard that ill had come upon the Shah, And quitted Barda' when the news arrived. That knave Bahram Chubina with his troops Opposed us on the battlefield. I fled From him too on the dav of fight that I Might fall not in his clutches. Afterwards I came a second time and bravely fought. My troublous foi'tunc passed away and all The realm that I had lost returned to me. contest with him brief affair My was no ; The whole world were spectators of the strife. By the command of God who multiplieth His benefits on us, and is the Guide

In good and ill, Iran and Turkistan^

? Turdn in the text:. 1 6 THE SHAhNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

Submitted and Bahrain Chiibina's plans Were foiled. Released from war with him 1 hasted, First, to take vengeance for my father's death. C. 2032 Bandwi and Gustaham, my mother's brothers, Men that had not a peer in any land. Had risked their lives for me and were all mine In love as well as kinship, but there were father's death and mine own thereat My grief ; I was not sluggish to avenge his blood. I lopped Bandwi both hand and foot for he Had made the Shah's place dark, while Gustaham, Who disappeared and sought some distant nook, Was slain all unawares by my command : Those murderers' lives and aims all came to naught. Next, as to whatthou said'st of thine own case,. Of thine own strait confinement affairs and ; It was to keep my sons from evil deeds That would recoil upon themselves. Ye were Not straitly bound in prison, not misj)rized, And had no harm to fear. I did not then Treat you with scorn but held my treasury At your disposal, acting as the Shahs Had done before, not idly or without A precedent. Chase, minstrelsy, and polo— All that befittcth chiefs—were yours at will. With hawks and cheetahs, jewels and dinars. Your so called prison was a palace where Ye lived in joy. I dreaded thee moreover Through what the readers of the stars had said. That was the cause of thine imprisonment That thou mightst do us naught of injury— The very injury that thou art doing. I never parted with thy horoscope Till I had sealed and given it to Shirin. When I had reigned for six and thirty years. And thou past doubt amidst such pleasant days KUBAI) (COMMOXLY CALLliD SlllRWl) 17

(iav'st all the matter to the wind, although Much time had passed o'er us, there came to thee A letter out of Hindustan but not \Vith()ut my cognizance. The chief of Rajas Sent us a letter, jewels, divers stuffs, An Indian scimitar, white elephant. And all that I could hope for in the world, And with the scimitar was gold brocade With all varieties of gems uncut. To thee the letter was on silk painted ; So when I saw the Indian script I called An Indian scribe, a fluent, heedful speaker, \\\\o when he read the Indian Raja's words ' Wept for the letter ran : Live joyfully For thou art worthy both of joy and realm. And on the day of Dai in month Azar C. 2033 Thou wilt be king and ruler of the world. Thy sire will reign for eight and thirty years. For so the stars ordain. Good times will shine wilt I^pon thee ; thou don the crown of greatness.' These words have been fulfilled to me to-day. But we should wash riot from our hearts alTection. I was aware that fortune had decreed That when thy throne had gained its brilliancy Mine only portion would be toil and pain, And that would be turned to my bright day gloom ; But as I gave, had Faith, made friends, and loved I did not lour by reason of that letter. I gave it, having read it, to Shirin, And pondered much upon it. In her keeping Are both the letter and the horoscope. And no one great or small is ware thereof. If thou wouldst see it of her make request ; Thou haply mayst regard it more or less. I wot that seeing it thou wilt repent. And seek to heal the past. For what thou said'st VOL. IX. B 1 8 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi

Of bonds and of imprisonments, and how Wc have done others hurt, 'tis this world's way, And that of former chiefs and kings of kings. if know'st it not with an And thou speak archmage ;

He will enlijihten thee thereon and tell thee : — ' 'Tis ill to keep God's enemy alive.' Those that were in our prison were mere divs Complained of by the righteous. Neither bloodshed Nor utter harshness ever was our trade. I shut up criminals and did not hold small done to others Of account wrongs by them ; But now I hear that thou hast freed these men—- Men worse than dragons—and for this thou art A sinner guilty both in word and deed In God's sight. Now that thou art lord be prudent, And if thou know'st not how consult the wise. Forgive not those that vex thee though thou hopest For wealth through them, and 'what can better bonds For one in whom thou seest naught but harm ? In talking of my wealth thou hast not shown Good sense and wisdom. We have never asked For more than toll and tax. When these were paid If any were still rich, though men might say That they were foes and miscreants of the seed Of Ahriman, we thought of God and j)assed Such matters lightly by. From Him I had The crown and throne, and they have cost me dear. 2034 The Maker of the world, the righteous Judge, Hath willed this change of fortune. In the world His will is paramount, so when He would Our minishmcnt we seek not for addition. We sought to please our Judge, but by our toils Have not evaded His apportionment. And when He asketh me I will tell all. That Questioner is wiser than thou art, And one more jwtcnt in all good and ill. KUBAD {COMMONLY CALLED SlIlRWl) 19 Tlic miscreants that stand before thee now Are not thy friends or kin, and what they say Of nic that also will they say of thee Before thv foes. They are but slaves of o<)ld

And silver : thou wilt find in them no helper. They have possessed thy heart and there instilled Each fault of mine. Such words as these are not In thy philosophy and will not profit Those miscreants' minds, but I have uttered them For my foes' sake that they who read this letter, AVrit in the ancient tongue, may know that lies I.aek lustre even from the mouths of Shahs. 'Twill be too a mcmoi-ial in the world, A consolation to the man of wisdom. And after our decease whoe'er shall read These words of ours will learn our policy. I gathered armies from Bartas and Chin, And everj^where appointed generals. Then made attacks upon mine enemies Till none dared raise his head. When they were scattered Our treasuries were all filled. The whole land toiled For us, and from the sea so many gems Were brought us that the shipmen grew aweary. Plain, sea, and mountain, all were mine. Now when The treasury of drachms had been expended The coffers were refilled with new dinars, ^Vith precious stones and royal jewelry. As well as clothes and implements of war. And when our crown was twenty-six years old Our treasuries were rich with many gems. I struck a new die for my drachms and turned To joy and merriment. That year when I Had ta'en account I found the total sum Ten million of dinars. Paid:iwasis,i

' Sec Vol. vii., p. 95 note. 20 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI

In Persian reckoning, I spent and squandered. Eaeh purse contained twelve thousand in dinars, And those thus spent were royal, while besides The tribute and dinars from Hindustan,

The realm of Riim and land of sorcerers ; Besides from every province gifts and tribute all From the sovereigns and potentates ; C. 2035 Besides New Year and Autunm offerings, of horses of fair-faced slaves The gifts and ; Besides cuirasses, helmets, axes, swords. sent to us Which every one liberally ; Besides musk, camphor, sables, beaver-skins. Red weasels' and white wolves', our subjects all Set suchlike loads upon their beasts and sought

Our court in haste ; none was recalcitrant. Abundant toil of all sorts have we spent To amass a treasure—one additional To those known as Khuzra and as 'Ariis,i Reserved by nie against an evil day. We long discussed what name the hoard should have, And in the end we called it Bad Awar.- Thus in my six and twentieth year of reign till thirtieth favoured Heaven the eight and me ; My chieftains were all safe, my foes all quaked, And now I hear that thou art sovereign — An evil juncture this for all the world, Which reft of pleasure must perforce be mute. Thou wilt make earth calamitous, fulfilled With suffering and profitless. Moreover, Those same injurious persons that surround thee, ^ And are the Light of thy dark nights, will give Thy throne up to the wind that thou mayst not Enjoy the world. Were there with thee a sage. So that thy darkened mind might be illumed. Thou wouldst not do amiss in giving gifts

' ' ' Sec Vol. viii., p. 406. Id. Urmuzd in text. HUBAd (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 21

So that \vcallli rcucli I 111}' nii

And if in wantonness thou flingest down The garden-wall the garden is as waste. its wall As sea or upland. Cast not down Or thou wilt break the Iranians' hearts and backs, For then will raid and ravage, horsemen's shouts, And all the incidents of war ensue. Expose not thou our children, wives, and land

To trouble : let but one such year elapse. And sages will describe thee as a fool. Now I have heard that thou dost give high place To men unworthy. Know that Nushirwan, Son of Kubad,^ recorded in his Letter Of Counsel that whoe'er doth give his arms To foes doth give himself to slaughtering, Since, when he asketh back those arms for use, ^ the The enemy will fight. As for message Of Caesar, which hath made thee call me heartless,

And self-willed, thou recallest not the facts : Thy words were prompted by some counsellor. As for my tyranny and his good faith, Canst thou discern good faith from tyranny ? Receive mine answer, thou of little wit ! But let me say withal, as is but right, Thou art the plaintiff and the witness too— A thing no man of wisdom would allow. Whezi Cicsar washed off from his face the dust Of bale he chose me as his son-in-law For valour's sake. Whoever walketh not of The earth for ill, and hath some share wisdom Within him, knoweth that Bahram Chubina Began the feud and that the Iranians

' ' Reading with P. and T. See Vol. viii.. p. 27. KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 23 Took sides with him. The Uunians did not triumph

O'er him ; the driftin<>- sand ean not bind fast-

The mountain ! Hut in Ihrd fi^lit God vouehsafcd To aid me. and tiic armies of tlie worhl Were nau

And Farrukhzad will tell thee just the same : Look not upon the world with boyish eyes. Gashasp, who w^as oiu' treasurer, can tell, And that good archimage, our minister, That I bestowed upon the Ruman troops A hundred thousand purses from our treasures. I gave to Niyatus a thousand nuggets. With earrings and red gold. Each nugget's weight Was as a thousand treasury-miskals I reckoned. I bestowed on him withal Fine watered pearls that experts had found flawless, And every one worth thirty thousand drachms To jewellers, and five score— noble steeds, Selected from my stables fifty saddled. The others very choice, housed in brocade. Mates for the wind upon the waste. I sent All these to Caesar with my thanks withal. For what thou said'st about the Cross of Christ, That bit of old wood flung among my treasures— A matter of no loss or gain to me— Thou hast been listening to some Christian's talk. I mused that one like Caesar, great and might}^ Surrounded as he is by learned men— Philosophers and potentates and priests—

Should call one that was executed God ! While as for this dry, rotten wood, if this 24 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

Merc useless Cross were God "twould be Urmiizd, Whose name we give to every month's first day, And would have vanished from our treasury As Christ himself departed from the world. ' Again for what thou said'st : Make thine excuse, Amend thy conduct and ensue God's path, ' of I answer : May the two hands Kubad,

! It God His feet and lips and tongue rot was Who placed the crown upon my head : I took, it And revelled in the gift. I have returned Since He demanded it. What next I wonder ? To Him will I confess, not to a boy Scarce able to distinguish good and ill.' All that God doth is welcome unto me Though I have seen much woe and bitterness. For eight and thirty years have I been Shah, And none among the kings hath been my peer. He that bestowed this world on me may give

Another but will have no thanks of mine !

: — c. 2038 I will pronounce a blessing on the realm ' May earth be ever teeming with the wise.' So long as God shall help and succour us None will dare curse."

Then said he to Kharrad : — " O Memory of the great ones of the world ! Say to that foolish and impetuous boy : — ' The lustre of our countenance is dimmed : Farewell to thee for ever. As for me. May all our converse be henceforth with sages.' As for yourselves, illustrious messengers, Ye Persians eloquent and eminent ! To both of you I also bid farewell. Say nothing but the words that ye have heard. I give my blessing to the world at large, \Vhich we have looked on as a jiassing thing. All mother-born must die—whome'er thou hast KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHtRWt) 25

III iiiiiul Khiisrau l*ar\vi/, hack lo Kiil);'ul.

S,) t()«) Ilushaiin'. .Jainsln'd. aiul Taliinuras— To all tlie world the loiiiits of fear and hope — Whom div and l)easl acknowledged, passed and died When their day ended. Faridnn, the blest, Who banned ill, elose or open, from the world, And stayed Zahhak the Aral)'s hand from evil, Seajx^l not by bravery the clutch of fate. So was it Avith Arish whose arrow's flight Was one farsang ;^ victorious Karan, of cities The captvH'cr ; Kai Kubad, Who having come from IMovnit Alburz became Through manhood world-lord over all the folk. ^ And built himself a world-famed house of crystal, Adorned with lustrous pearls and gates of gems.^ So was it with Kaiis, that man of might, Who took the world by skill and policy, lie that adventured toward the sky above. of the of Unwitting j)rocesses time ; So too with Siyawush, that lion famed, Who slew two tigers in his youthful days,* And built Gang-di/h'' with toil but gat therefrom No treasure. Where are now Afrasiyab, The Tiu"kma?i king, whose semblance e'en in dream None seeth where ; Rustam, Zal, Asfandiyar, Whose fame is their memorial with us ; Gudarz and his choice sons, three score and ten. Those cavaliers u})on the riding-grovmd. And lions of the Kai fray ; where Khusrau, The noble lion-man who in the fight Made lions and Shah prisoners ; Gushtasp, ' The convert to The Good Faith,' he by whom

' Much further according to the legend. See Vol. v., p. 12. ' This is attributed to Kai Kaus elsewhere. See Vol. ii., pp. Si, loi. * This line occurs three couplets too low in C. * This is not mentioned elsewhere in the poem. 'See Vol. ii., pp. i8g, 279. 26 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl

Grace was renewed ; where went renowned Sikandar, Who overturned the world, and where Jamasp, Who shone in astrologic lore more brightly C. 2039 Than Sol or Vxnus ? Where is that famed Shah, Bahram Giir, matchless in his strength and courage ?

No Shah was like him in munificence ; The turning heaven dared not to touch his head. Where is that Shah, my grandsire, bright of soul Who ruled the world as Kisra Niishirwan ? Where are the seven and forty world-lords ?^ Gone Is all their work, gone are the Great and Wise, The warrior-horsemen and the men of lore. These passing those in prowess and those these In years ? They all have left this spacious world. Left palace, hall, and riding-ground. Midst Shahs, Though some were older far, I had no peer. I walked the world for good and ill, and held The evil day aloof. 'Twas mine to traverse Full many a rugged path and sweep away Full a foe. treasures fill all lands many My ; Wliere earth and water are my toil is seen. ^V^hcn with me too the world shall cease, and all The nobles' hopes grow dim, with my son also The throne will not abide, for he will quit it. And all his fortune end. What time the angel

That taketh souls approacheth I shall say : — ' Take my soul gently.' I will clear my heart By penitence, and freedom from offence Shall be my breastplate. Well have men of wisdom, ' Good, veteran, learned, declared : If wakeful fortune Decline one must expect fears manifold, And he whose day of greatness hath gone by

* Khusrau Parwlz was only the forty-third Shah. Perhaps some, who never became Shahs, such as Siyawush and Asfantliyar, are included, or it may be that the author of this defence (sec p. 4) wrote from his own point of view, not that of the supposed speaker. HUBAd {COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 27

Is I'Dolisli if lie askclh its rt'liirii/ This is my lucssage to the workl, lu iiitun

And niiiihty too : ere lontv tlie Shall and all His lanujiis troops will l;ill to slaughtering Ivieh other and fire field IVll (ling on and ; sires will fall sons and sons sires Then by by ; Oui- enemies, the people that discoursed or evil deeds and ehilling words, will pay The smart when we arc gone and not for long Enjoy the world. Since rule and greatness end With me what reck if Lion or another " Shall have the sway ? Ashtad and brave Kharrad, Son of Barzin, those sages, when they heard The message of that leader, were heart-pierced. And smote their heads. Both sorrowed for their

words ; They bnlTeted their faces, rent their robes C. 2040 In grief, and scattered dust upon their heads. Those ancients fared forth from his presence, weeping, In anguish, with their hearts all arrow-points. With furrowed faces and in sore distress They went before Shirwi and every whit To that man brainless and incompetent Detailed the message that the Shah had sent.

§•5

How Shirivi grieved for Khusrau Partviz and hoiv the Chiefs ivere displeased thereat

Shirwi on this wept bitterly hearing ; His heart quaked for the crown and throne, and when The company dispersed that had dismayed him 28 THE SHAhNAMA OF FIRDAUSl

With foul words clamouring for his father's blood, And burning the youth's heart, he left the throne Of kingship, clasped with honoured hands his head, And wept blood on his breast. News of that weeping And of the lamentation of the king, Came to the host and all were in dismay.

— They met, discussed Khusrau Parwiz, and cried : " If he shall sit upon the throne again He will disgrace the captains of the host." Whenas the sun rose o'er the darksome hills The malcontents awoke and went to court.

The Shah, on hearing of it, took his seat Upon the throne, and those of high degree. Akin or alien, approached the presence. They took their seats with scowls but no one spoke. " The king said : Gibbeting is the desert Of him that mourneth not my father's woes. I call such misbegotten and a knave. Let none depend on such because that man Is rottener than a rotten willow-tree."

He gat this answer from the men in fault : — " ' ' Call whosoever saith : I serve two Shahs A fool at heart and vile whate'er his rank." " Shirwi rejoined : For Shahs no wealth no troops ! For one month we will utter pleasant words. no hint of duress to sire And give my ; He may make statements that will gladdeji us Because his treasures are in every coast." C. 2041 On hearing this they rose to seek their homes.

Then Shah Shirwi gave orders to the cooks : — " Let nothing be denied Khusrau Parwiz : Serve up his food upon a golden service, And let the food itself be rich and grateful." The servers brought it but he would not eat The viands that were profltcred, hot or cold. Shirin's hand brought to him all that he ate KUBAD (COMMONLY CALLED SHIRWI) 29

Because she sorrowed with him in his grief. She was his sole good friend and soothed his woes Both day and night, shared all his hopes and fears, And quaked for him like willow in the wind. A month passed and meanwhile Khusraii Parwiz Was full of pain and anguish night and day, His faults and crimes recalled to memory, And little relish of that life had he.

Hoiv Bdrhad lamented Kliusrau Parwiz, cut off his oivn FitKjcrs, and burned his Instruments of Music

Now list the lamentation of Barbad,^ And grow forgetful of the Avorld at large. On hearing that the Shah, not by advice And 'gainst his will, no longer filled the throne, " That are to him men seeking how murder ; The soldiers are renouncing fealty," Barbad came from Chahram to Taisafiin tearful heart he With eyes and o'ercharged ; came To that abode and saw the Shah whereat His tulip-cheeks became like fenugreek. He bode awhile in presence of the Shah, Then went with wailing to the audience-hall. His love flamed in his heart, his heart and soul in his for Burned anguish Khusrau Parwiz ; His eyes rained like a cloud in Spring and made His bosom as the margent of the sea. He fashioned him a dirge upon the harp, And to that dirge he sang a mournful })laint.

' For the story of Barbad sec Vol. viii., p. 396 seq. 30 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi

wan and heart fulfilled with With visage —grief He thus lamented in the olden tongue :

" O Shah ! O noble chieftain ! O Khusrau !

O great ! O strong ! O hero ne'er cast down ! Where are thy mastery and greatness now, Where all thy Grace, thy fortune, and thy crown ?

" Where that imperial circlet, towering height ? AVhcre are thine armlets and thine ivory throne? Where all thy manliness, thy Grace, and might. Who 'neath tliy wings hadst this world for thine own ?

" Oh ! whither are thy dames and minstrels gone, Gate, audience-hall, and leaders of thy day, C. 2042 The diadem and Kawa's gonfalon, all And the blue-steel falchions, where are they ,?

" Where are the head, the crown that loved it well— Mate of the earrings and the throne of gold ? Where are Shabdiz, his stirrups and his scll- The steed that 'neath thee ever caracol'd ?

" Where are thy helmet, head, and habergeon All golden and compacted gem to gem, Thy cavaliers in gold caparison, Whose swords made enemies the sheaths for I hem?

" Where all the camels for thy progresses. The golden litters and attendance rife, Led steeds, white elephants, and dromedaries ? Have one and all grown hopeless 01 thy life ? KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIRW!) 31 " Where arc thy fluent tongue and courteous, Thy heart, thy purjiosc, and thine ardent soul ? Why reft of all art thou abandoned thus ? Hast read of such a day in any roll ?

'' Oh ! trust not to this world \vhose remedy Is weaker than its bane. 'Twas thy desire

To have a son to aid and succour thee :

Now through the son the gyves are on the sire !

" It is by sons that kings obtain their might, are unblemished time's And by travaihngs ; Yet ever as his sons increased in height Both Grace and vigour failed the king of kings.

" None that shall lend an ear while men recall Tiie story of Khusrau Parwiz nmst dare To trust the world. Account as ruined all Iran and as the pards' and lions' lair.

" Of the Sasanian race the Shah w^as head—-

One peerless in the sight of crown and state : The foeman's wishes are accomplished. And, like fran, the race is desolate.

'' No man possessed a larger host than he. Yet who had cause for justice to beseech ? The great ])rotector brought the misery, And now the wolves are making for the breach !

" ' ' O Shah devoid of shame ! thus tell Shirwi, ' Such conduct is Jiot ^vorthy of this court. Count not upon thy trooj)s' lldelity When war is rife o;i all sides.' God support 32 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi " Thy soul, my master ! and it is my prayer That He thy foemen's heads may headlong fling. By God and by thy life, my king ! I swear By New Year's Day, by sun, and joeund Spring,

" If e'er this hand of mine again shall tin-n To no on harping may blessing light me ; Mine instruments of music will I burn That I may ne'er behold thine enemy."

He cut four fingers off and grasped the stumps Within his other palm. Returning home He kindled fire and burned his instruments, While those about Kubad both day and night At all that might befall them quaked with fright.

§5

How the Chiefs demanded from. Shirivi the Death of Khusrau Pariviz and how he ivas slain by Mihr Ilurmuzd

C- 2043 Shirwi, a timid, inexperienced youth, Found that the throne beneath him was a snare. While readers of mankind saw that 'twas time

For men of might. Those that had done the ill. And had produced that coil, went from the hall Of audience to the presence of Kubad

To mind him of their infamous designs : — " We said before and now we say again Thy thoughts are not on government alone. There are two Shahs now seated in one room. One on the throne and one on its degree. KUDAD {COMMONLY CALLED SIIIRWI) 33

And whc'U relations nrow "Iwixl sire and son They will behead the servants one and all. It may not be, so speak of it no more." Shirwi was iri^htcned and he played poltroon Because in their hands he was as a slave. " He answered : None will bring him to the toils Except a man whose name is infamous. Ye must go homeward and advise thereon. ' Inquire : What man is there that will abate ' " Our troubles secretly ? The Shah's^ ill-wishers Sought for a murderer to mvu'dcr him By stealth, but none possessed the pluck or courage To shed the blood of such a king and hang A mountain round his own neck. Everywhere The Shah's foes sought until they met with one Blue-eyed, pale-chcckcd, his body parched and hairy, With lips of lapis-lazuli, with feet All and ravenous the head dust, belly ; Of that ill-doer was bare. None knew his name Midst high and low. This villain (may he never See jocund Paradise !) sought Farrukhzad, " And undertook the deed. This strife is mine," He said. "If ye will make it worth my while This is my quarry." " Go and do it then " If thou art able," Farrukhzad " replied. Moreover open not thy lips herein. I have a purse full of dinars for thee. And I will look upon thcc as my son." He gave the man a dagger keen and bright, C. 2044 And then the murderer set forth in haste. The miscreant, when he approached the Shah, Saw him upon the throne, a slave attending, Khusrau I'arwiz quaked when he saw that man,

' Khusrau I'arwi'z. VOL. IX. C OF FIRDAUSt 34 THE SHAHNAMA And shed tears from his eyelids on his cheeks Bcaaiise his heart bare witness that the day " Of heaviness was near. He cried : O wretch ! mother needs must wail What is thy name ? Thy thee." " Mihr : call me Hurmuzd, The man replied They friend nor mate." A stranger here with neither " hath Thus "said Khusrau Parwiz : My time come, And by the hand of an unworthy foe, seeketh." ^Vhose face is not a man's, w^iose love none lie bade a boy attending him : "Go fetch. My little guide ! an ewer, water, musk, robes." And ambergris, with cleaner, fairer what was meant, The boy-slave heard, unwitting And so the httle servant went away, Shah And brought a golden ewer to the As well as garments and a bowl of water, Whereon Khusrau Parwiz made haste to go. Gazed on the sacred twigs and muttered prayers : It was no time for words or private talk. he made The Shah put on the garments brought, Beneath his breath confession of his faults. And wrapped a new simarre about his head In order not to see his murderer's face. Then Mihr Hurmuzd, the dagger in his hand, Made fast the door and coming quickly raised his liverstead. The great king's robe and pierced Such is the process of this whirling Avorld, From thee its secret kcei)ing closely furled ! The blameless speaker and the boastful see That all its doings are but vanity. For be thou wealthy or in evil case This Wayside Inn is no abiding-place ; Yet be offenceless and ensue right ways If thou desirest to receive just praise. — and bazars ; Wlien tidings reached the highways KUBAD [COMMOyLY CALLED SHIRWI) 35 " Khiisrau Paruiz was slaiiohtcrcd thus," his foes Went to the pahiee-prisoii of the sad, Where fifteen of his noble sons were bound. And slew them there, thouoh innoeent, what time The fortune of the Shah w^as overthrown. Shirwi, the world-lord, dared say naught and hid His grief though he wept sorely at the news. And afterwards sent twenty of his guards

To keep his brothers' wives and ehildren safe ; C. 2045 Now that the Shah had been thus done to death. So passed that reign and mighty host aw'ay, Its majesty, its manhood, and its sway Such as no kings of kings possessed before, Or heard of from the men renowned of yore. It booteth nothing what the wise man saith When onee his head is in the dragon's breath. " " Call this world crocodile for it doth gnaw The prey that it hath taken with its claw. is The W'Ork of Shah Khusrau Parwiz done ; His famous hoards and throne and host are gone. To put one's trust in this world is to be In quest of dates upon a willow-tree. W^hy err in such a fashion from the way Alike by darksome night and shining day ? W^hate'er thy gains let them suffice thee still As thou art fain to save thy soul from ill, in of hold And thy day strength thyself weak ; For kindly impulses and justice seek, And be intent on good. For what is thine or as thou dost incline To give spend do ; All else is pain and toil. How goodlier

Than we are friends whose faithfidness is clear ! Such faithfulness of friends is greatly dear. 36 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

How Shirwi asked SJiirin in Marriage, how Shirin killed herself, and hoiv Shirivi ivas slain

Since I have ended with Khusrau Parwiz I speak next of Shirwi and of Shirin. As soon as three and fifty days had passed Since that whereon that glorious Shah was slain Shirwi dispatched Shirin a messenger " To say : Thou wicked, potent sorceress. Learned but in necromancy and black arts ! In all Iran thou art the guiltiest. By necromancy didst thou gain the Shah, And by thy craft thou bringest down the moon.

Quake, guilty one ! and come to me. Abide not Thus in thy palace, joyful and secure." Shirin raged at his message and abuse " So foul and senseless. Thus she said : God grant That parricides possess not Grace or presence. I will not see the wretch e'en from afar At funeral or feast." That mournful dame Sent for a scribe and had a document Drawn in the olden tongue, instructing him Regarding her last wishes and estate. She a little in a kept poison pyx ; She could not well procure it in the city. She kept it on her,—sewed a winding-sheet — To wrap her form that cypress of the garden— And then returned this answer to Shirwi : ** Ej^alted Shah, the wearer of the crown ! Now perish all thy words and perish too The villain's heart and spirit that hath heard KUBAD {COMMONLY CALLED SIltRWl) 37

Of witchcraft save by name and joyed therein. Had Shah Khusrau Parwiz been one to cheer His soul with sorcery there would have been A sorceress within his bower, and she Had seen his faee.^ He kept me for his })leasure, And when the dawn was peejjing he was wont To call me from the golden bower and joy of At sight me. Shame on thee for such words ! Such knavish talk becometh not a kinff. Remember God, the Giver of all good, And utter not such words in others' hearing." They brought the answ^er to the Shah. Shirwi " Raged 'gainst the guiltless dame^ and said : Thou needs Must come. None is blood-thirstier than thou. Come and behold my crown's top. If it be Magnifical then do it reverence." on was full of Shirin, hearing this, pain ; her cheeks She writhed ; grew wan. She thus

replied : — " I will not come to thee save in the presence Of those wise men that are about thy court, Men of experience and clerkly skill." Shirwi dispatched and summoned fifty men Both wise and old, then sent one to Shirin, " To say : Arise and come. Enough of talk." Thereat she robed herself in blue and black, And drew anear the Shah, approached apace The Rosary of Revellers^—the spot Wherein those fluent Persians were—and sat Behind the great king's curtain as became

' Reading with P. » So far as the charge of witchcraft was concerned. Shirin (Vol. viii., p. 389) had murdered Maryam, Kubad's mother. ' " elle alia droit a la salle de fete de Schadegan." Mohl or, more strictly, Barbier de Meynard, who completed the translation from §4 to the end of the poem. 38 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl — The virtuous. He sent to her to say : " Two months^ of mourning for Khusrau Parwiz- Are o'er. Now be my wife that thou mayst take Thy pleasure and avoid a mean estate. I will maintain thee as my father did, And e'en with more respect and tenderness." " Shirin replied : Let me be righted hrst, And then my hfe shall be at thy dispose. I will not hesitate in answering The hest and purpose of thy glorious heart." Shirwi agreed to that fair dame's request, C. 2047 Whereat the noble lady raised her voice " Behind the royal curtains, saying : O Shah ! Be happy and victorious. Thou said'st That I was a bad woman and a witch, Remote from purity and rectitude." " Shirwi replied : 'Twas so, but generous folk Do not take dudgeon at mere hastiness." Shirin addressed the other Persians present Within the Rosary of Revellers, " And asked : What have ye seen in me of ill. Guile, folly, and dark ways ? For many a year I was the mistress of Iran and helped The Brave in everything. I ne'er ensued but the fraud deceit I banned. Aught right ; and Through my word many were made governors. And took their portions of the world full oft. Who hath beheld my shadow in Iran Away from home ? If any one hath marked My shadow, crown, and state let such declare What he hath seen or heard and by his answer Reveal the truth." The magnates in attendance " All spake her fair. In all the world," thc}^ said, " She hath no peer in public aiul in private." ' Reading with P. KUBAD [COMMONLY CALLED SHIrwI) 39 " Shiriii proceeded lliiis : Ye lords and chiefs

Jiotli veteran and redoubled ! three thinos make

Tlie worth ol' women that bedeck the throne

Of greatness : one is motlesty and wealth Wherewith her husband adorn his house may ; The next is bearing blessed sons, that she e'en exceed her in May spouse hajijiincss ; The tliird is having beauty and fine form, Joined with the love of a sequestered life. When I was mated to Khusrau Parwiz, And entered on seclusion, he had come Weak and dispirited from Riim to live Within our land, but after reached such power As none had heard of or had looked upon. Moreover I have had four sons by him To his great joy—Nastur, Shahryar, Farud, And ^Nlardanshah, blue heaven's coronal.

Jamshid and Faridun had not such sons ;

May my tongue perish if I lie herein ! Their bodies all are now beneath the dust, Their spirits roaming in pure Paradise." Unveiling then her lovely countenance, " And musky hair, There is my face," she added, " Such as it is. If there be falsehood show it. My hair was all my hidden excellence. For none on earth e'er used to look thereon. What I display is all my sorcery. Not necromancy, fraud, and evil bent." None had beheld her hair before, no chief C. 204S Had heard thereof. The elders were astound. And their mouths watered. When Shirwi beheld

The visage of Shirin his spirit flew Unmarked away from him. Her face so dazed him — That love of her filled all his heart. He cried : " I want none but thyself. If I have thee For wife Iran can give me nothing more. 40 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl

I will not go from thy commands, but linm My loyalty to thee upon mine eyes."

: — The lady of the lovely face replied " I still need somewhat of the Iranian king. I have two wants if thou wilt bid me speak, And may thy king of kingship last for ever." " is Shirwi replied : My soul thine, thy wish, Whate'er it be, is granted." — Said Shirin : " All treasures laid up by me in this land Thou shalt assign me as mine own before This noble company and write thyself Upon this roll that thou renouncest all, Both small and great." Shirwi made haste to do Her bidding. Having gained her wish she quitted The Rosary of Revellers, the chiefs And noble Persians, went home, freed her slaves. And made them happy with that wealth of hers Whereof she gave a part to mendicants. And to her family a larger share. She gave too somewhat to the Fanes of Fire, The feasts of New Year's Day and Mihr and Sada, To ruined homes and caravansarais Then turned to lions' lairs. All this she gave As offerings from Khusrau Parwiz, the world-lord, And joyed his soul thereby. She sought the garden And taking off her veil sat unadorned Upon the ground and summoning her folk Assigned with courtesy a place to each, " Then cried thus loudly : Hear, ye unaggrieved ! For none will ever see my face again. Fear ye the Judge of those that seek for justice, The Lighter of the sun and moon and stars, And but truth deceit is not for speak ; sages. Since first I came before Khusrau Parwiz, KUDAD [COMMONLY CALLED SUllUVl) 41

First made mine entry to his golden bower, And was chiel' wife and Cilory oT tiie Shah, llatli any I'anlt at all appeared in me ? is There no need to speak to save my face : " What booteth that to woman in her need ? " All : rose to make reply Famed dame of dames, c. 2049 So eloquent and wise and bright of soul ! By God ! none ever saw thee, ever heard Thy voiee behind the curtains. Verily Thy like hath sat not on the goodly throne Since Shah Hiishano-.'* Then all the servitors. Slaves emulous and vigilant of heart. " Exclaimed : Exalted lady praised in Chin, In Rum and in Taraz ! who would presume To speak aught ill of thee ? Could evil-doing " Befit that face of thine ?

Thus said Shirin : — " This reprobate, whom heaven above will curse, Slew his own sire to comjiass crown and throne.

And may he never more see fortune's face ! Hath he himself shut death out by a wall Who lightly recked thus of a father's blood ? He sent a message to me that bedimmed ' Mine own shrewd soul. I answered : While I live I\Iy heart shall serve my Maker.' I declared My ])urpose fully, fearful of my foe : He may defame me publicly when dead. Ye are free agents and my slaves no longer." They wept much at her words and furthermore Consumed with anguish for Khusrau Parwiz. Informants went before the Shjih and told What thev had heard about that guiltless dame. " " He asked : Hath that good lady further wishes ?

She sent to : say "I have one wish, no more : I fain would the late Shah's ope charnel-house ; 42 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

I have a great desire to look on him." " Shirwi rcpHcd : So do, 'tis natural." The keej)er oped tlie door. That pious lady Began her wailing, went and laid her face Uj)on the visage of Khusrau Parwiz, S])ake of the past and took the mortal bane :^ She sent the dust up from her own sweet life. She sat beside the Shah with visage veiled. Clad in a robe single eamphor-scented ; She set her back the wall and died against ; She died and won the plaudits of the world. Shirwi fell sick when he had heard the news, For such a spectacle afTrighted him. He bade construct another sepulchre, And make her diadem of musk and camphor, c. 2050 He shut the old Shah's charnel. Soon they gave fill Shirwi the bane ; the world had had its

Of Shahs ! Thus luckless both in birth and death He left the throne of kingship to his son. One reigneth seven months and in the eighth

Doth don the camphor crown ! Of earth's good things To have possession of the throne is best. Of evils life cut short is evilest.

: >C/. p. 36. XLV

ARDSHIR, SON OF SIIIRWI

HE REIGNED SIX MONTHS

ARGUMENT

Ardshir's accession is well received by the people. He makes Piriiz, son of Khusrau, the captain of the host. Guraz, on the pretext of avenging Khusrau Parwiz, but really with the intention of seizing the kingship for himstlf, schenios to bring about the death of the Shah who is murdered at a banquet by Piniz. NOTE

Ardshir (Artaxerxes III., September, A.D. 628— April, A.D. 630) was, according to Tabari, only seven years old at his accession. By some accounts he was only one year old at the time.^ He was of course a mere, in the " puppet hands of the nobles. The True Cross," if the date of its elevation at Jerusalem— Sept. 14th, A.D. 629—be correct,

'^ must have been restored during his reign. § 1 , The Arabic Tabari says that the realm was administered by Mih-Azar-Gushnasp (Mihr 'Hasis in the Persian version), the High Steward, who had charge of the Shah's person. This may account for his being made out to be a regicide in the Shahnama. He really seems to have b:'en a well-inten- tioned man who did his best in very difficult circumstances. ' At all events, according to the Persian Tabari, Shahrbaraz, after taking j)os3ession of Cte.siphon, slew him and other nobles on the i)retext of avenging the death of Khusrau Parwiz.

' - XT, p. 386. ZT, ii., 347. NT, p. 392 note. 44 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

§ 2. It appears that Shalirbaiaz (Guraz) was not con- sulted when Ardshir was raised to the throne, and he made this an excuse for taking violent measures. The occasion was a favourable one for an ambitious general in command of an army. Moreover, he had an understanding, confirmed by matrimonial alliances, with Heraclius, who no doubt promised to recognise him if he became Shah. He accordingly marched upon Ctesiphon with 6,000 or, according to another account, 60,000 troops. The High Steward made an attempt at resistance, but Shahrbaraz with the connivance of the captain of the guard and other chiefs was successful and the usual scenes of outrage and massacre ensued.^

§1

How Ardshir, Son of Shirivi, ascended the Throne and harangued the Chiefs

Now as the next confronting me I voice The reign of Shah Ardshir, I have no choice. When Shah Ardshir sat on the throne both young And old flocked to him from Iran, for many Were chiefs grown old, to hear what he would say.^ The young Ardshir then loosed his tongue and thus " He spake : Ye well-tried warriors ! may one, Whoe'er he be, that sitteth on the seat Of sovereignty possess an open mind, And worship God. We will ensue the course Of former Shahs, ensue too Grace and Faith. May we remember God who giveth good,

May all our acts be just ! I will advance The pious and make tyrants bleed. I trust The army to Plruz, son of Khusrau, Who loveth equity and loyal lieges.

' For the above see /(i., p. 386 and «o/es. ZT, ii., 3.47. RSM, p. 541 ' Couplet omitted. ARDSHIR. SOS OF SHIRWI 45

They for their part with such a paladin Still will be happy and serene of soul." Full were contented with his many speech ; A peaceful ruler was the wish of each.

§2

How Gurdz tvas displeased at ArdsJnr being Shah and how he caused Ardshir to he slain hy Piruz, Son of Khusrau

Then tidings reached Guraz, who had involved Khusrau Parwiz in sorrow and distress,

And he dispatched from Rum a man to say : — " The crown of vile Shirwi is in the dust.

Hell take his soul aiid be his charnel-house C. 2051

O'erturned ! Who ever knew a lofty cypress Wrecked in the garden by the grass, and one Like to Khusrau Parwiz, whose peer as king Time's eye and heart perceive not, who bestowed My greatness on me, and I have not turned From his behest ? Now fate dethroneth him, And fortune's face is averse utterly ; The circling heaven is his foe and maketh His to be hidden in the portion earth ; The sun and moon amerce him of his sway. And take the crown and throne from such a king, Bestow the sovereignty upon Shirwi,

And give up all Iran to wretchedness ! When he j)assed and Ardshir assumed the crown Both young and old rejoiced in him, but I, If I have any portion in Iran, Will suffer not Qur countrv's air tg breathe 46 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl Upon him. Have I not received the news Of Shah Khiisraii Parwiz wrecked by the words Of one of evil mark ? I will not have A king like this one though the age be Shahless, For there is much contention in his head, And he adviscth with another host. Now will I come in force with chosen chiefs Of Rum and of Iran, and we shall see What sort of Head that is to whom such schemes Apj)cal. I will uproot him so that never Shall he' name kingship more." He sent a runner To seek the ancients of the Iranian host, And strove in other fashion to advance His ill designs by writing to Piriiz, " Son of Khusrau, thus : The Sasanians' fortune Is louring and we need a world-aspirant To gird himself for action. Haply thou

. Art ware of what to do and how to take The needful steps, wilt seek for many helpers, Both young and old, wilt clear away Ardshir, And afterwards attain thy whole desire, Be safe well if and contented ; but thou Reveal this plot, and feed the sword of war With blood, I Avill lead forth such hosts from Rum That I shall make the world dark in thine eyes. Heed avcII my" words, and mayst thou think no scorii Of mine intent thou nuist not fall ; through folly.

Oh ! pass not from the throne of majesty To underneath the dust. Rc])entance then Will not avail thee when in wreak my sword Is reaping heads." Piruz, son of Khusrau, When he had read that letter and perceived The whole intendment of that self-willed man, C- 205 i Much pondered on the matter and consulted AUDSlliR, SON Ol- SIliRWt ^7 " Tlic ancient ma

To perpetrate such ill, but take occasion For doing good. Write him a fitting answer. ' And wake him from his dream. Sav : Thwart not thou God's not purj)oses ; give the Div a way To thine own heart. Reflect upon the case Of Shah Khusrau Parwiz and all the wronsf That led to his undoing, for what time Thou didst depose him the Sasanian fortune Went at one blow, and when Shirwi ascended The royal throne and girt his kingly loins Folk hoped such days as when Khusrau Parwiz Was Shah whose wits were keen in all regards. And if the world became what it became, And gat no profit from the state of things, It was because the world dealt foolishly. And by one stroke lost its advantages. Now that Ardshir, succeeding to Kubad, Is seated as the Shah upon the throne. The world rejoicing in his majesty, And earth and time exulting in his Grace, Why should the world, now tranquil, he convulsed and war ? Knock at evils' By pain not door ; Those that slay blameless kings will prosper not. In this strife circling heaven must not raise Iran in dust. I fear that God will end " The Iranians' term for ills more heinous still.' Piruz, on this wise counselled, wrote Guraz— That \illain of \ile race (may none like him 48 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt — Be ever chief !) a profitable letter. And thou hadst said that one had got his heart Between the shears when he had read those words. In fierce wrath with Piriiz, son of Khiisrau, He gathered all his baggage and commanded The host to march forth plainwards. At the news Piriiz dispatched a cameleer to go In all haste to Tukhar to summon him, Informing him at large of the affair. Of what Guraz was doing and the strife About the imperial throne. Then from Tukhar —- This answer reached Piriiz, son of Khusrau : " C. 2053 Risk not the blood of the Iranian chiefs,

O noble man ! but hear what saith Guraz, Since thou hast written on such wise perchance He may not come to fight with thee." Now when Piriiz, son of Khusrau, had seen that letter His heart had no repose from evil thoughts, But gloomed with thinking how to harm the Shah, Whose wont it was to summon him, for he Was an observant man and eloquent. And served as minister and treasurer. He came one dark night for an audience, And found the wine bright and the welcome warm. Ardshir was seated in his palace-hall In company with many young and old, And when Piriiz, son of Khusrau, came raised. Thou wouldst have said, his head to heaven, called For harp, and all the hall was filled with music. Piriiz, son of Khusrau, when midnight came. Had drunk one man^ of wine while the companions

Of Shall Ardshir were all bemused ; no minstrel Was left that kept his wits. The miscreant Dismissed the company : he and the Shah

* See Vol. i., p. 290 note. ARDSlllR. SON OF SUlRWt 49 Alone remained. That man of outrage rose, Laid hand upon the Sliah's hps unawares. And held it there until Ardshir was dead. , The palace filled with scimitars and arrows. All there —ambitious youths and warriors— Were fautors of Piruz, son of Khusrau. Upon this manner ceased Ardshir to be ^Vlien he had had six months of sovereignty.

VOL. IX XLVI

GURAZ (ALSO CALLED FAKAYLN) HE REIGNED FIFTY DAYS

AKGUMENT

Guiaz, hearing of ArdshiVs death, marches on Taisafun and urged on by his younger, though dissuaded by his elder son, usurps the throne. His rule described. A plot is formed against him and he is slain while returning from the chase. The throne remains vacant for a while.

NOTE

C/. note to previous reign. Guraz (Shahr-Barz, April 27th—June 9th, A.D. 630) reigned for forty days.^ He was one of the three chief generals employed by Khusrau Parwfz in his long war against the Eastern Roman Emj>ire. His real name, according to Tabari, was Farruhan. This in Palilavi would be Earrukhan, which by a misreading has become Farayin in the Shahnama. 8hahrbaraz (Shahrguniz, or Shahrwaraz) is, says Tabari, a title. Eirdausi uses the " shortened form Guraz, which moans boar," because it is more convenient metrically. The title may have been appropriate enough. In the Shahnama the general is split up into two personalities—Guraz or Farayin, the usurper, and Shahranguraz, the avenger of the breach made by the upstart in the sacred line of Sasanian succession.^ In Tabari the leader of the revolt is a native of Istakhr named Pusfar- rukh.^ Shahranguraz in the Shahnama is also of the same city.

' ' ^ NT, p. 390 and note. Id. pp. 2

§1

Holo Gurdz [also called Fardi/in) received Neivs of the Slayinfj oj ArdsJnr, hastened to Iran, took Pos- session of the Throne, and was killed bij Shahrdn- gurdz

Piruz. soil of Khusrau, dispatched a post, AikI letter too, in secret to Giiraz, AVhose sombre soul, what time the messenger Arrived, grew like the sun, and from those parts He led forth such an army that the way Was barred to fly and emmet. Like the wind He sped to Taisafun, his soldiers' hands All had been bathed in blood. When he arrived The chiefs went out to welcome him, but none Among the troops dared breathe for they were few. C. 2054 Guraz, on entering the city, stayed not For minister and counsellor but chose

A void place, and the magnates })rivily Conferred with him. Piruz, son of Khusrau, " Set loose his tongue and said : Famed paladin ! Whom hast thou chosen to be king of kings. " And illustrate the crown of majesty ?

The warrior Guraz made answer thus : — " I have not any secrets from Iran. To-morrow look ye out for some new Shah To sit like some new moon upon the throne." Since knowledge is the glory of a man Walk not, if thou canst help it, foolishly. He that hath wisdom speaketh goodly words. And ns il orowcih he dcsei'l ct h ill. 52 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

It is the best of man's accomplishments, The world's endeavour and the way of God. Of things that grace one not there is no need To speak at large for he will foolishly Disgrace himself howe'er he may exalt The case in point. When wisdom hath deserted The head, and shame the eye, fame and disgrace, And cold and hot, are one—no terror this To any coward whether quick or dead. IMake, if thou canst, all good thy business Because the world abideth not with any. Let all thy usance be humanity, Munificence and uprightness thy Faith. When Farayin assumed the royal crown— He uttered what was in his mind and said : " Let me assume the kingship for a while. And sit upon the throne of gold in joy. Far better scatter wealth and be exalted Than purchase sixty years of servitude. Thus will I sit a while in sovereignty^ Arrayed in satin^ and in painted silk, And after me my son shall take my throne. Assume this royal crown, be king as was His sire, and be exalted and renowned. \Vhoe'er shall minister to our delight Shall be a happy man among mankind. In feast-time we will drink with joyful hearts. war-time we will hunt our enemies." In — His elder son said privily to him : " Who of us, father ! ever wore the crown ? to wcaltli Feel not secure, take means compass ; the world's to that. Thou wast protector ; keej) ir ;iny member of the royal race wilt here Shalt come thou not long be ; thy heart Will of and keep kingshi{) only grief })ain ; " \ Ox bcaver-skins." GURAZ {ALSO CALLED FARAvIN) 53

Thou wilt be wretched, destitute, and wan." '' C. Then said tlie younocr son : Thou hast become 2055 Crowned in the worUl and hast both troops and treasures Befitting royalty, but treasurcless Wilt have to labour still. AVhat ancestor

Of Faridun, who had Abtin to sire. E'er wore the crown ? Hold fast the world by courage And treasure. Nobody is born a king."^ The younger's words pleased Farayiu the best, " Who bade his elder son : Be not so raw." He laid out in the royal offices The muster-roll and called all troops to court. He gave drachms night and day and many robes Of honour ill-deserved. Within two weeks Of all the treasury of Shah Ardshir Remained not what would buy an arrow's phmie ! Whene'er Guraz would go forth to the pleasance ' The lights were torches made of ambergris,

Four score before and four score after him : Behind them came his friends and partisans. Of gold and silver were the goblets all, The golden gem-encrusted.^ 'Twas his use To feast all night. The nobles' hearts were full Of vengeance on him. 'Twas his wont to roam A-nights the gardens and the riding-groimd. Save but to sleep and wake, to eat and plunder, That slight, weak-witted one knew naught. He went Drunk ever to re})ose and with a sash J'rom Chin about his head. The troops were all Vexed to the heart at him while all the province Was full of turmoil and distress. He lost All trace of generosity and grew Unjust, unfortunate, and good for naught. The world was wrecked by his iniquity,

^ 'But cf. Vol. vi., p. 320. The above couplets transposed. 54 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

And at his handling people smote their heads. He shed the blood of innoeents until The troops grew wi'oth with him. He used to shut His eyes for gold and woidd liave sold the world To win dinars. P'olk eursed him. All desired His death and meeting privily discussed His deeds. Hurmuzd Shahranguraz, a horseman Redoubted of the city of Istakhr— The glory of the chieftains—thus addressed " One night the Iranians secretly : Ye chiefs ! of is The time Farayin proving grievous ; He holdeth all the chiefs in light esteem. Why have your brains and hearts become thus straitened ? Through him all eyes are tearful, livers charged With blood. Is no physician to be found ? is or Sasanian He not royal ; Why gird the loins before him ? Of a truth 2056 Your hearts have flown out of your breasts or else " Your pluck hath disaj)peared !

The folk replied : — " Since there was no one left fit for the throne None is inspired by jealousy to take This base-born's heart but we away ; adopt Thy counsel. Tell us from thy stores of lore How to release Iran from this insane

And hot-brained Shah ill both in word and deed. " May he be never blessed ! Shahranguraz " Replied : The Iranians have sulTercd long. If ye will harm me not but i)lay the Persian E'en now by holy God's aid will I bring him Down from his throne to dust."

He gat this answer : — " May no harm come to thee ! All we the host To-day are thy supporters and thy stronghold GUR.fZ {ALSO CALLED FARAyIN) 5.5

II ill lu-ivlruiii Inlall tlico/'

Ilcariiin I his That royal wai'iior sought how to st'l. Hands on Ihr woillilcss Shah. Now lie one day Took order and departed from the city To hunt, anil of the Iranians a troop Of lords and lioires fared, escortinir him. lie uro-ed his eourser on and rode about As 'twere Azargashasp, the cavaliers Encircling him and beating up the game. Now at what time they tin-ned back city-wards Shahranguraz looked at the hapless Shah With boldness, chose an arrow from his quiver, One that was straight and had a point of steel, And urged his black steed while the host looked on. He stretched the bow and drew it out at whiles To chest or head, then notched, as if in sport. An arrow on the string and drew the bow Till it concealed the point, and loosed his thumb. Forthwith the shaft struck on the monarch's back. Who dropped his whip. The arrow was all blood Up to the feathers and the iron head Protruded from his navel. All the troops Unsheathed and all that night while dust-clouds rose They ])lied their swords and knew not whom they fought, But took and gave back blows and cursed or blessed That deed. Now when the yellow Veil appeared. So that the world seemed like a leopard's back, There was a multitude of slain and maimed. And cavaliers and leaders were astound. That great host was dispersed like timid sheep c. 2057 When they perceive a wolf. Long they remained Without a king : none cared to claim the crown. For long they sought and sought in vain to trace Some royal scion of the noble race. XL VI I PURANDUKHT

SHE REIGNED SIX MONTHS

NOTE

Purandukht (Puranducht, summer A.D. 630—autumn A.D. 631), reigned, according to Tabari, for one year and four months. Her name, it appears, should be spelt with a " B, not with a P. She is said to have restored the True Cross," but it seems more probable that this was done in the reign of Ardshir. She made the leader of the successful conspiracy against Shahrbaraz her prime minister.^ She was the first historical female Shah and it was in allusion to her reign and that of hfer —sister Azarmdukht that the distich is quoted in Mir Khand : " No dignity remains in a household In which the hens are crowing like cocks."^

§1

How Purandukht ascended the Throne and slew Piriiz, Son of Khusrau, and how her oivn Life ended

'Tis but crude policy when women rule, But yet there was a lady—Purandukht— Surviving of the lineage of Sasan,

' For the above see NT, p. 390 seq. and notes, ZT, ii., 340. • RM, Pt. II., vol. iii., p. loi. 56 PURANDUKHT 57

And well road in the royal voliinio : hor They seated on I he throne of sovereij^nty, Tlie (ireat strewed jewels over lier, and then " She s])akc npon this wise : I will not have The people seattered,^ and I will cnrieh The poor with treasnre that they may not bide In their distress. God grant that in the wx)rld There may be none agorieved because his pain Is my calamity. I will expel Foes from the realm and walk in royal ways." She niade search for Piruz, son of Khusrau, Who was delated by an alien, Whereat she chose some warriors from the host

Who broiioht Piriiz before her. She exclaimed : — " Foul-purposed miscreant !- thou shalt receive, As infamous, the guerdon for thy deeds." She bade bring from the stalls a colt unbroken, And bound, firm as a rock, Piriiz thereto Without a saddle and wdth yoke on neck. The vengeful lady had that untamed steed Brought to the riding-ground and thither sent, With lassos coiled up in their saddle-straps, A band of warriors to urge the colt To utmost speed, to strive from time to time To thrown Piruz and ever roll itself Upon the ground. That colt won much applause Until with skin in shreds and dripping blood Piriiz gave up the ghost right wretchedly. C. 2058 Why having done wrong seekest thou for justice ? ill for ill that is the course of Nay, ; right.

Piirandukht ruled the world with gentleness ; No wind from heaven blew upon the dust, But when six months had passed beneath her sway The circle of her life bent suddenly ; For one w'cek she was ailing, then expired,

' Through misgovernment. ' One couplet omitted 58 THE SHAHNAMA OF FlRDAUSt And took away with her a fair renown. Such is tlie })roccss of tlie turning sky,

So potent while so impotent are we ! 11" thine be oj)ulencc or [)overty, If hfe afTordeth gain or loss to thee, If thou shalt win what thou dcsirest so. Or disappointed be in wretchedness, And whether thou be one of wealth or woe. Both woe and wealth will pass away no less. Reign as a Shah a thousand years, five score. For sixty years or thirty, ten or four. It Cometh to one thing, when all is done. If thou hadst many years or barely one. Oh ! may thine actions thine own comrades be, For they in every place will succour thee. Let go thy clutch upon this Wayside Inn Because a goodlier place is thine to win. If thine endeavour be to learning given Thou wilt by knowledge roam revolving heaven. XLVIIT AZAUMDUKHT SHE REIGNED FOUR MONTHS

NOTE

Before Azarmdukht (Azermidocht, end of A.D. 631— beginning of A.D. 632) came to the throne there seems to have been a short interval during which a distant scion of the royal House, who took the name of Piruz, ruled for less than a month. The chief noble of the time, who was governor of Khurasan, wished to make Azarmdukht his wile on wliich slie had him privately executed. This noble's son was the Rustum that fought and fell at Kadisiya some years later. On hearing of his father's fate Rustam, who was in temporary authority in Khurasan, marched with a great army against Azarmdukht, oveithrew her and put her to death after she " had reigned six months. Her name probablv means modest girl."i

§1

How Azarmdukht ascended the Throne and how she died

There was another dame hight Azarmdukht, Who had fruition of the crown of greatness. She came, sat down upon the royal throne, And made herself the mistress of the world. " Her first words were : O sages, veterans,

And masters of affairs ! be just in all,

' I'or the above see NT, p. 303 ^'I'l notes, Z'l', ii, 350 seq. 59 6o THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl

And follow precedent, for ye hereafter Must make the bricks your pillow. I will foster The loyal liege, assist him with dinars, if And he erreth be longsuffcring ; But him that is disloyal and deserteth The way of wisdom and of precedent Will I suspend in shame upon the gibbet. Be he an Arab, Ruman cavalier, Or Persian thane." She filled the throne four months. But with the fifth disaster came thereto, c. 2059 For she too died, the throne had not a Shah, But was the plaything of the ill-disposed. With the revolving sky 'tis everything To be all vengeful with its fosterling. XLIX FARRUKHZAD HE REIGNED ONE MONTH

NOTE

Between, and even larlier than, the dcatli of Azarnidukht and the accession of Yazdagird III., the order of the dynastic succession becomes very confused. The names of the Shahs vary in the different lists. The reason is that it was a period of great internal unrest and various aspirants to the throne held contemporaneously some short-lived authority in different j)rovinces of the empire. One of these princes, Farrukhzad (Fairukhzad-Khusrau) has received the honour of being included in the list of the Shahs as recorded in the Shahnama. Two accounts of the length of his reign are given in Tabari. According to one, it lasted for six months, according to the other, for a year. Both agree that he did not die a natural death, and one of them states that his death was instigated bv the adherents of Yazdagird.^

§1

IIdiv Farrukjzdd ascended the Throne and how he teas slain by a Slave

Then from Jaliram they summoned Farrukhzad, And seated him uj)on the throne of kingsliip. There with a pious soul lie praised the Maker,

• NT, p. 397 and note. Cf. RSM, p. 544. 61 62 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIIWAUSt " And said : Son of the kings of kings am I, And would have naught but quiet in the world. The mischief-maker shall not be exalted While I am Shah, but him that from his heart Ensueth right, and is not mischievous, Will I hold dear as my pure soul, and seek not To harm the harmless. Him that beareth toil On our behalf we will reward with treasure. We will hold dear all friends and raise the fame Of chieftains everywhere, but all my subjects, Both friends and enemies, are safe v>ith me." " The troops all blessed him : Ne'er may earth and time Lack thee." Yet when his throne was one month old The head of all his fortune came to dust. He had a slave, a cypress-tree in stature. Fair, lusty, and well-liking. That knave's name Was Siyah Chashm.^ May heaven ne'er bring his

like ! The Shah too had a handmaid whom he loved. She chanced on Siyah Chashm all unawares One day, who sent to say : "If thou wilt meet me At such a place thou shalt have endless gifts, And I will deck thy crown with jewelry." The handmaid heard, made no reply, l)ut Avent And told the thing to Farrukhzad who raged, And could not eat or sleep in his concern. He put the feet of Siyah ('hashm in fetters. And cast him into prison. When the knave Had been confined awhile the Shah released him, C. 2060 For many pled for him. The slave returned To serve the Shah and cut his lifetime short, For just as such a bad malignant slave Would do he sought revenge upon the Shah, And seizing on a time when Farrukhzad

• Black-eyed. FARRUKHZAD 63

Rej)osed himself put poison in the wine. The Shah drank, Uvcd one week, and all that heard About his fate lamented him. The kingship Was in extremities and foes appeared On every side. The throne of king of kings, Through these ill doings of the Iranians, Was overturned. Of such a fashion are

Time's revolutions ! Let it be thy care To gather for thyself therefrom thy share. P^at what thou hast and trust the morrow not.

For it may hold for thee a difTerent lot : To gi\"e to others it may take from thee. Thou callest this a world and verily

It doth whirl ! So enjoy thine own, let go The surplusage that thou hast toiled for so To other folk but never to thy foe. Else whensoe'er thy day is overpast Thy hoards will be as is the desert-blast, treasures all become thine Thy enemy's ; So give away to set thy mind at ease. YAZDAGIRD HE REIGNED TWENTY YEARS

ARGUMENT

Yazdagird becomes Shah. The country is invaded by the Arabs. He sends Rustani, the captain of the host, to oppose them. Rustam takes a desjjondent view of the situation, and after some attempt at negotiations is defeated by the Arabs at Kadisiya and slain. The war continues, and Yazdagird withdraws to Khurasan to get help from Mahwi of Sur, the governor. Mahwi plots with Bizhan, a Turkish prince, against Yazdagird, who is betrayed in battle and takes refuge in a mill, where he is slain by tlie miller at the bidding of Mahwi. Mahwi assumes the crown, makes war on Bizhan, is taken prisoner, and put to death. The poem ends with a brief passage, in which Firdausi gives some account of the completion of his undertaking, of help afforded him and of discouragements undergone, and concludes with a well founded assurance of his own future fame.

NOTE

Yazdagird (Isdegird III., A.D. 632-6.'j2 or 653) has given his name to a chronological era which still obtains among the Parsis. It dates from June 16th, A.D. 632. He was the son of Shahryar, son of Khusrau Parwiz, and was an infant at the time when that Shah and his sons were put to death after the accession of Shirwi (Kubad;*) On that occasion he was taken for safety to Istakhr. Tabari says that he was

>Seep. 34, 35.

64 YAZDAGIRD 65

murdered at the age of twenty-eight after a reign of twenty 3'ears. He was therefore only eight years old when a party among the nobles set him up as a puppet king at Istakhr (Persepolis), the old seat of empire, Ctesiphon at that time being in the hands of a rival claimant of the throne. In the contention that followed Yazdagird was successful, and in the course of A.D. 633 he became recognised as sole Shah, the administration remaining in the hands of the chiefs.^ He had succeeded to a heritage of woe. His empire was ill-prepared for the troubles that were in store for it. Ex- hausted by long wars, torn by domestic dissentions, and lately devastated by plague, it had to confront a new and vigorous organization inspired by religious enthusiasm and impelled thereby to extend its borders on every side. Had Yazdagird been a born leader of men and come to the throne in the prime of life, he might for the time at least have been successful, but in the circumstances, and taking into con- sideration what we can gather as to his own character, we can now see how hopeless from the outset his prospects were. Students of Persian, however, have probably reason to feel grateful to his reign, for even though we put aside as unsatis- factory what tradition tells us on the subject, a reasonable presumption remains that with the return of settled govern- ment to a distracted country there was a revival of interest in the story of the Iranian race and its heroes, and that com- pilations were then made from which we still though indirectly benefit. 2 §§ 2-11. The following is intended to supplement Firdausi's inadequate account of the Arab conquest of the Sasanian empire. He appears to assign it to the last years of Yaz- dagird's then nominal sovereignty. From time immemorial the Iranians and Semites had been at enmity.^ In Iranian legend this feeling had found expression in the story of the wicked Shah Zahhak, who, though originally an Aryan myth,^ came to be regarded in succeeding ages as an earthly king with his seat at Babylon. When, later still, the Iranians again felt the weight of Semitic oppression, he was turned into an Arab.^ Although during Sasanian times the semi- independent kingdom of Hi'ra served to some extent as a buffer-state between the Persian empire and the wilder Arab

' ' ' NT, p. 397 seq. and notes. Cf. Vol. i., p. 67. Id. p. 10. * ' Id. p. 7. Id. pp. 54, 135. 141.

VOL. I^v fi 66 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt tribes there was always the liability of raids and the dangeJ' was much increased when Klmsrau Parw^iz was so unwise as to put an end to the long-standing dynasty of the princes ^ of Hira and appointed a governor of his own in their stead. In his reign too had occurred the disastrous battle of Dhu Kar, in which the smallness of the forces engaged were out of all proportion to tlie importance of the result. The Arabs ^ celebrated their victory with songs of triumph. With that inspiring memory and revelation of Persian weakness, with the prospect of rich spoil to be won, and a nation of infidels to be converted, it is not surprising that hostilities should break out between the young and vigorous and the old and enfeebled empire. Muhammad himself, tradition tolls us, addressed a letter to Khusrau Parwiz, who tore threatening " it up, and the Prophet, on hearing of this, said : He has rent his own realm. "^ Muhammad died in June, A.D. 632 — the month of tlie child Yazdagird's accession. x\bu Bakr, the first Khalifa, being apprised by an Arab chieftain, who had embraced Islam, of the state of the Persian empire, sent his great general, Khalid, to begin hostilities. Khalid was very successful in numerous engagements, and tem- ])orarily the whole tract bordering the western bank of the Euphrates from the Roman frontier almost to the Persian Gulf came into the hands of the Arabs. Khalid made Hira his headquarters, and was preparing to attack Ctesiphon and invade fran when he was recalled by Abu Bakr to take command of the forces destined for the Syrian campaign. " " This is 'Umar's doing," said Khalid. He does not want to see me conquer 'Irak."^ The departure of Khalid was the Persians' opportunity. Encoiiraged by Rustam, who under Yazdagird had become commander-in-chief, the inhabitants of the conquered region rose against the Arabs but unsuccess- fully. At this juncture Abu Bakr died and was succeeded by 'Umar, who began his reign by giving Abii 'Ubaida the chief command in Syria in the ])lace of Khalid. Then, it is said, he appealed publicly to the Faithful to volunteer for the invasion of Persia and for two days in vain, the super- session of Khahd having caused great indignation. It may, however, have been thought that the acquisition of so m!ich fertile territory and the consequent proximity to tlie Persian

' ' " Vol. viii., p. 190. NT, p. 342. ZT, ii., 325. < Id. iii., 348. YA/.DACIRD 67 capital, wore a sunuieiit achievement for the time being. Nevertheless, on the third day, when 'Umar made his a|)])eal, Abii 'Ubaida (not Klialicrs successor) oiTered himself and Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, followed suit. A thousand others imitated their examjile. 'Umar gave Abii 'Ubaida the chief command as he liad been the first to volunteer. The Persians in the meantime had withdrawn to Ctesiphon, whence Rustam dispatched a force, which had with it the flag of Kawa/ to watch the enemy. Abii 'Ubaida, who was very inferior in numbers, threw a ])ridge across the Eujjhrates, attacked the I'ei'sians, was defeated and slain. This battle is known as " The Battle of the Bridge," and took place in November, A.D. 634. An attack, however, by the Persians on Hira failed, and the Arabs raided the Persian settlement of Baghdad (not of course the well-known city of that name") where twice a year a fair was held. 'Umar appointed Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, to succeed Abu 'Ubaida, and both sides made efforts to reinforce their respective armies. The Persian adherents west of the Euphrates again rose. Rustam crossed the river with a great host, and advanced to Kadisiya where the Arabs had concentrated. The battle that ensued is said to have lasted four days with varying fortune till a dust-storm turned the scale in favour of the Arabs. The slaughter was very great and so was the spoil. 'Umar forbade the Arabs to make any further advance for the present, but as the situation of their camp proved to be very unhealthy he directed Sa'ad to choose a more suitable site, whereupon Sa'ad foimded Kufa. Thenceforth the whole of the region west of the Euphrates was lost to the Persians. To secure the lower course of the Euphrates and Tigris 'Umar also founded Basra, west of the Shatt-al-Arab. The battle of Kadisiya seems to have been fought A.D. 636-7, but the chronology of the period is somewhat uncertain. Then came a considerable pause in the Arab advance. The Arabs seem to have spent the in- terval well in securing what they had gained while the Persians on the other hand appear to have been paralysed by their misfortunes. At all events, when the invasion was resumed and Sa'ad, crossing the Euj)hrates, marched on Ctesiphon, no resistance was offered and Yazdagird, who had lingered there too late to secure the removal ot most of his treasures, fled with his court to Hulwan.^ His example of flight seems

- ' \'()1. i., p. 154 seij. Sec Vol. vi., p. 254. See Vol. vii., p. 1S7. 68 THE SHAhNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

to have been followed by a majority of the inhabitants. The Arabs came in for an immense booty according to Oriental accounts. If, however, we take into consideration the domestic troubles of the years preceding Yazdagird's accession, and what must have been the financial needs of the short-lived Shahs of that period, we are justified in suspecting that the amount of precious metals and of the more portable forms of wealth generally was not so great as has been affirmed. Sa'ad, when he had established himself in the Persian cajiital, asked permission of 'Umar to pursue Yazdagird who had gathered a considerable army under the command of a Mihran^ at Jalula in the neighbourhood of Hulwan. 'Umar refused to allow Sa'ad to go in person and instructed nini to send instead Hashim who was either his brother or his nephew. Hashim was much inferior in point of numbers, and it was six months before he brought the Persians to a decisive en- gagement. He then won a complete victory, and followed up his success at Jalula by the capture of Hulwan. Yazdagird fled to Rai and 'Umar, contejit for the moment with what had been achieved, forbade any further advance. The next stage of the Arab conquest was made outside the sphere of Sa'ad's authority, who sent, however, by 'Umar's command troops to assist. In the north Mesopotamia, and in the south Khiizistan, were invaded and annexed. A raid was made also across the Persian Gulf from Bahrain into Pars, but without lasting results, as the Arab forces got into diffi- culties and had to be rescued by an expedition sent for the purjiose from Basra. About A.D. 640 in consequence, it is said, of com])laints made by the people of Kiifa, 'Umar recalled Sa'ad and Yazdagird seized the opportunity to make a supreme effort to recover his lost possessions. A large army, summoned from the yet unconquered provinces of the eTn])ire, was concentrated at Nahavand, some fifty miles south of Hamadan, and [)laced under a Persian general named Piruzan. On this 'Umar ordered Nu'man, who was in com- mand in Khuzistfin, to gather all available forces from the regions already annexed and march against tlie enemy. Nu'muii, who was greatly inferior in point of numbers, found the Persians strongly encamped at Nahavand and tried in vain to bring on a general engagement. In the end he managed to effect liis purpose by means of a stratagem. He broke up

' See id. p. 185. YAZDAGIRD 69

liis and made a retreat. camp liasty Piruzan wciil in |iur.suit, on which Nu'man turned upon hJin and won what the Arabs call "The Victory of Victories" (A.T). (Mi -2). Piiu/.an was taken prisoner and slain, and Nu'man Jiimsclf fell in the

fi.i^ht. This was the last effort of the Persians at a national resistance. Henceforth their o])])osition was merely pro- vincial or local, and wholly ineffective. One after another the remaining provinces of the Sasanian empire were over- run by the Arabs and permanently annexed, while Yazdagird, who had fled from Rai after the disaster of Nahavand, re- mained a fugitive till his death some ten years later. § 2. In Tabarf Rustam's father is called Farrukh-Hurmuzd, the governor of Khurasan, who was slain, it is said, by Azarm- dukht and avenged by his son.^ Khurasan probably formed part of the satrapy of Nimruz, one of the four into which Nushir- wan divided his empire.- Tradition makes the governors of that satrapy, and their sons play a very important part during the last few } ears of the Sasanian dynasty.^ The position of commander-in-chief held by Rustam at the battle of Kadisiya, probably indicates that he had been instrumental in bringing about the elevation of Yazdagird to the throne.'* Rustam's brother was named Farrukhzad. § 3. Mughira, son of Shu'ba, was one of the companions of Muhammad, and played a prominent role in the affairs of the time. He went on a similar embassy to the Persians before the battle of Nahavand.^ He was governor for a time at Basra,'' Mecca,' and Kufa, where he died in A.D. 670/'^ § 4. Sa'ad took no personal part in the battle of Kadisiya. He was suffering from sores at the time and had to content himself with merely directing operations.^ Consequently he did not slay Rustam in single combat as Firdausi states. When the dust-storm came on the fourth day of the battle, Rustam was seated under an awning erected on the bank of the canal of Kadisiya and surrounded by the camels that carried his treasure. The awning was blown into the water. and Rustam took shelter among them. In the confusion caused by the storm, the Arabs broke the Persian centre. One of them, named Hilal, striking in the darkness at random among the camels, hapj)ened to hit the one under which

'p. 59. 'Sec Vol. vii., p. 214. 'pp. 5, 6, 59, 87, 95 seq. ' ' • NT, p. 397 note. NIX, p. 13. ZT, iii., 474. Id. 404. ' ' ' Id. iv., 2. Id. 16. Id. iii., 398. 70 THE SHAhnAMA OP FiRDAUSf

Rustani was seated, and cut the cord that secured its load of treasure which fell on Rustam's head. Thougli injured, he made an atteinj)t to swim across the canal, Init was cauglit by Ililal and slain. ^ §§9-11. There is a general agreement in Persian tradition that Yazdigird did not die a natural death. The scene of it is mostly laid at Marv, and the most pojndar version associates it with a mill. Firdausi's story evidently has been worked up as the appeals addressed to Mahwl show. The villain's guilt too is more emphasized, and he is made more directly responsible for the tragedy. Elsewhere the nailer murders the Shah for mere greed. Marv a})pears to be a likely place for Yazdagird to have chosen to reside in, as he could easily escape thence across the Oxus in case of need. In some accounts he does cross and negotiates to little purpose with the Turks, but is brought back across the river for the final scene. What the truth of the matter was seems to be quite uncertain. §14. According to the account in the Persian Tabari, Mahwi, after the death of Yazdagird, remained at Marv till he was compelled to leave owing to the approach of the Arabs, when he fled across the Oxus and took refuge with the Turks.^ Their Khan is the Bizhan of the Shahnama.

§1

Hoiv Yazdagird ascetided the Throne and addressed the Chiefs

When Farrrukhzad departed Yazdagird Became the Shah upon tlie day of Ard In month Sapandarmad. What said the man Brave, eloquent but of Hfe's ? " weary span Would that my mother had not brouoht mc forth,

High heaven not turned o'er me ! The days of greatness and the days of want

' ^ Id. 396. ZT, iii., 505. YAZDAGIRD 71

For all soon cease to be. !i()nc can lake TiiiK', as thou lookest, passcth ;

Anns to contciul with it, So furnish forth the board and drain the eup, And sad talk intermit. What though thou ride high heaven yet bricks will prove at last Thy pillow the ; If thou be king what of the end ? First throne, But what when life hath past ? Let not thy heart be troubled, trust not much heaven as High thy supjjort ; It it aeteth as willeth ; elc})hant And lion are its sj)ort. its tale is be not 'Twill outlast thee, long ; of life With pride o'erflown ; Thou canst not better Faridun or be C. 2061 Parwiz^ with crown and throne.^ From those exalt seven planets do thou well Consider what to Yazdagird befell." W^hen he sat happy on the throne of kingship. And placed upon his head the crown of might, " He said : By process of the turning sky I am the true-born son of Nushirwan. Mine is the sway from sire to sire and mine Are Virgo, Sol, and Pisces. I will seek For greatness, wisdom, hardihood, contention. And manliness, for life and fortune stay With none, nor treasure, kingship, crown, and throne. will for not desire Fame abide aye but ; Put ofT desire then and exalt thy fame. It is by fame that man shall live for ever While his dead body lieth in the dust. How good are Faith and justice in a Shah ! The times are full of blessings on his fan\e. » Khusrau Parwiz. ' Couplet omitted. 72 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

I purpose while I live to pluck up ill, Both root and branch." The chiefs applauded him, And hailed him as the monarch of the earth, And thus it was, till sixteen years had sped, That sun and moon revolved above his head.

§2

How Sa'ad, Son of WakJcds, invaded Iran, how Yazda- gird sent Rustam to oppose him, and how Riistam wrote a Letter to his Brother

It was so that 'Umar, the famous Arab, Commander of the Faithful, ^ he whose sword Turned day to night, the man approved by God, Who hath no equal, sent the chosen Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, with troops against the Shah. When Arab fortune worsted Persian, And the Sasanians' fortune had grown dark.

The world had had full measure of its Shahs ; Gold was not seen, the mite was manifest. Good turned to evil, evil turned to good, The path lay Hellward, not to Paradise, The wheel of circling heaven was changed and cut All kindness for the Persians clean away. The slave must do the almighty Maker's will, And bear what He infiicteth. Save with Him There is no life or joy. When Yazdagird Learned what had chanced he gathered troops on all sides, C. 2062 And bade Hurmuzd's son lead them forth. His name

' He assumed this title. YAZDAGIRD 73

Was Riistani. He was wary, wise, a warrior And potentate, a reader ol the stars, Exeeeding shrewd and all attcnt to hear The arch images' words. He niarehed away With all the noble, those that were alert And brave, and after thirty months they sought To fight at Ktidisiya. Being learned In heaven's lore as an astrologer, " And one both just and good, he said : No time Is this to fight, the river of the Shahs Will flow not in this bed," and so he took His astrolabe, observed the stars and smote His head because it was a day of bale, Then wrote in grief and told his brother all. First offering praise to God who had ordained His evil —- good and fortune, and proceeded : " Well may the revolutions of the sky Fill the observer with disquietude ! I am the guiltiest person of the time, And therefore have been caught by Ahriman, Because the from this kingship passeth House ;

No season this of conquest and the Grace ! From the fourth heaven Sol is looking down To hasten to the fight of mighty men. Both Mars and Venus bode mishap to us, And none can 'scape high heaven. Mercury And Saturn are opposed, the former too Hath entered Gemini, Such is the case, A great event is toward, and my heart Is weary of its life. I can discern All that will be but fain woidd hold my peace. When I agnized this secret of the sky— That it assigncth us but grievous travail— I wei)t right sorely for the Iranians, And burned for the Sasanians. Woe is me For head and crown, for state and throne, and woe 74 THE SHAhNAM. I OF FIRDAUSt

For majesty, for fortune, and for Grace Because hereafter will defeat betide them From the Arabians, tlie stars not turn Save to our hurt, and for four hundred years

None of our royal race will rule the world ! An envoy from our foemen came to me, ' And divers parleyings followed. We,' they said, ' Will give up to the Shah the tract between and The river-bank Kadisiya ; ye Shall grant us access to some trading centre sell and we will not ask That we may buy ; hereafter we will For more ; pay large dues, And will not seek the chieftains' diadems, C. 2063 But will obey withal the king of kings. And render hostages at his demand.' Such is the talk. No action hath ensued, But still the stars are adverse. Long will be The strife. Fierce Lions will be slain })y hundreds. The chieftains that are with me in the war— Galbwi of Tabaristan and Armani, Who do the deeds of Ahriman in fight, Mahwi, he of Suran, and other chiefs. Who wield the heavy mace and battle-ax— Heed not our foes proposals but observe : — ' Who are these haughty folk and what do they Both in Iran and in Mazandaran ? For road and territory, weal and woe. and scimitar We must employ the mace ; We will exert ourselves, quit us like men. And make the world both dark and strait to them.' None of them knoweth circling heaven's design. And how its aspect hath been changed to us. On reading this take measures with the chiefs, Make preparations and lead lorth the host, Collect the treasures, handmaids,— and state-robes, Then hasten Azar Abadaaan"o^ YAZDAGIRD 75

The (hvellino- c)!' tlic jMiolity and tlie Fyqq. WhaU-Ncr herds of horses thou iiinysl have Send to the treasiirei" of Azar»vaslias|). If sokUers seek thee from Zabuhstan, Or from Iran, im])lorino- thy protection, Receive and treat with kindness their excuses In view of what the turning skv is doinjr— Tlic cause of joy and terror to us all, At whiles exalting and at whiles abasing. Let mother know my words for of a truth She will not look upon my face again. Greet her from us and counsel her at large Not to be troubled here below\ If any Shall bring bad news of me be not too downcast, For know that in this Wayside Hostelrj^ He that aniasseth treasure by his toil Will find his toil more than such worldly treasure, And that another will enjoy the fruit. What need was there for so much toil and greed ? Desire is lessened not by having more. At all times worship God and purge thy heart Of all affection for this Wayside Inn Because our fortune is in straits, the king Will see me not again. Do thou and all Our House, botli old and young, unceasingly Piaise God and pray the Maker, for with this My host I am in stress, in travail, grief, And bitter fortune, and shall not escape C 2064 At last. May this sweet comitry of Iran

Be in prosperity ! Whenas the world Is straitened to the king hold treasure, life, And person of small worth, for of that race So famed and honoured there is no one left Save that exalted one. Watch over him By day and niglit till I have fought the Arabs. Be not remiss in toil for he is now 76 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSf

All that we have to look to in this world, And the Sasanians' memorial. For no one will behold that House again. Woe for the head and crown, for seal and right

Since royal throne will go adown the blast ! Fare well, be not concerned, and ever be Before the world-lord, and if ill betide him First give thine own head to the scimitar Ungrudgingly. When pulpit fronteth throne, And when Abii Bakr and 'Umar shall be As household words, our long toils will be lost, And long will be the fall before the rise.

Thou wilt not see throne, diadem, or state : The stars award the Arabs everything.^ There will not be throne, crown, or golden boot. Or gem, or coronet or flaunting flag. will another will One man toil, enjoy ; None will give heed to justice or to bounty.^ Then warriors will be men that fight afoot

While horsemen will be mocked and flouted at ; The warlike husbandman will be despised. birth and will bear fruit High majesty no ; Then men will rob each other, none v>n\\ know A blessing from a curse, and secret dealing Prevail o'er open, while the hearts of men Will turn to flint, sire will be foe to son. will sire a slave And son scheme 'gainst ; worthless Will be the king, high birth and majesty Will count for no one will be nothing ; loyal. There will be tyranny of soul and tongue. A mongrel race—Iranian, Turkman, Arab— Will come to be and talk in gibberish.^ Z. 2065 They will collect all treasures 'neath their skirts. Toil and resign the j^roduct to their foes.

'Two couplets omitted. 'Three couplets omitted. • See Vol. i., p. 34. YAZDAGIh'l) 77

(iriff, travail, billerness will thus prevail in Bahrain Gur\s As joy did days ; feasts, song. will cease will set Race and renown ; men traps, Will seek their profit in another's loss, their Faith no difference And make pretext ; Will be 'twixt Sprino- and Winter ;i there will be wine at feasts will not No ; they recognise Degree and place but live on barley-bread. And dress in wool. When much time hath passed thus None will regard the noble Persian stock. They will be shedding blood for lucre's sake. An evil age will be inaugurate. My heart is full, my face is w^an, my mouth Is parched, my lips are filled with sighs to thiidc That after I—the paladin—have gone

Sasanian fortune shall become thus dark ; So faithless hath revolving heaven grown, Ta'en umbrage, and withdrawn from us its love ! If with my lance I strike a brazen mountain I pierce it, being brazen-bodied too. But now my shafts with steel-transfixing heads Are impotent with men that wear no mail ! My sword, which felled the necks of elephants And lions at a blow, can not cut through

An Arab skin ! My knowledge bringeth loss On loss upon me. Would that I possessed not This wisdom since it causcth me to know

Of this ill day ! The chiefs that are with me From Kadisiya are both hardy men And hostile to the Arabs. They expect That this brake will be filled, that earth will run Like the Jihun. with our foes' blood. None knoweth The secret of the skies and that this strife

' Muhammadan years being lunar the months are associated with no particular season. 78 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSI

Can not be auicklv ended ; but when fortune Departeth from a race what profit conieth Of travail and of fight ? Be prosperous, My brother ! May the Shah's heart joy in thee Because this Kadisiya is my charnel, My breastplate is my shroud, my helmet blood : Such is the secret of the lofty sky. Bind not thine own heart to my griefs but keep Thine eyes upon the Shah, and sacrifice Tliysclf for him in fight, because the day Of Ahrinian is coming on apace When heaven will sliow us circling enmity." — When he had sealed the letter he said thus : " My blessing be upon the messenger That shall convey this letter to my brother. " And tell him not what I have said, but other !

§3

Iloiv Ruslam wrote to Sa'ad, Son oj Wakkds, and Jioiv he replied

2066 He sent a messenger in swiftness like The flash and thunder-clap to Sa'ad. They wrote. In apprehension yet not in despair, — A letter on white silk and thus endorsed : " This from the paladin of j^aladins — The warlike Kustam, son of Hurnuizdshah^— To Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, the prudent, wise. And circumspect, who hath come forth to fight." " It thus began : We still must fear the World-lord, The Holy, who sustaincth turning heaven,

' Cf. Mardanshah as a proper name and p. 59. y.lZDAGiJd) 7

Whose rule is justiee and beneficence. May blessinos from Ilini rest upon the king. The histro ol' the sionct, crown, and throne, The loril of sword, of diadem and lasso, Whose Cirace restraineth Ahriman in bonds. A hateful matter hath occurred to us In these uncalled for labours and this strife. Rej)ly to me and say who is your kin^r, Who thou art, what thy ride and custom are, And whose assistance is it that ye seek With unmailcd soldiery and unmailed chief ? thou art still ravenous Fed uj) with bread ; Thou hast no elephants, no throne, no baggage. Enough for thee to live within Iran, For crown and signet are another man's, W^ho hath Grace, elephants, and crown and throne— A famous Shah of lengthy lineage. No throned king hath such stature or the moon In heaven such aspect. When enthroned he sitteth smiles his silvern teeth With that make appear ; His gifts would purchase Arabs in the gross. And not impoverish his treasury. His dogs, his hawks, and cheetahs are twelve thousand. And they are decked with golden bells and varvels. The whole \vaste of the wielders of the spear Could find not in a year from end to end Enough to feed his cheetahs and his hounds When he is hunting on the plain. The Arabs, From drinking camels' milk and eating li/ards, Have reached a pitch whereat the Persian throne

Is coveted ! Shame, shame on circling heaven ! Ye have no veneration in your eyes. Or, in yo;n- wisdom, love or reverence. With such a visage and such tastes and ways Is thy heart set upon the crown and throne ? If thou art seeking power within thy means. 8o THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl

And art not merely speaking words in jest, 2067 Dispateh to us some man of goodly speech, Send some brave veteran and man of lore, That he may tell me thine intent and who Doth lead thee to attempt the royal throne. Then will I send a horseman to the Shah To ask of him whatever thou wilt ask, But seek not with so great a king to fight, For shame at last will come upon thy face. His grandsire was the world-lord Nushirwan, Whose justice made the aged young again. is His fathers have been Shahs, and he king ; The a^e rcmembereth none like to him. Fill not the world with curses on thyself, Misprize not thine own precedents. Regard This letter of advice and bar not thou Thine eyes and ears to wisdom." When the letter Was sealed he gave it to high-born Piruz, Son of Shapiir. To Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, This paladin and magnates from Iran, Of ardent soul, went whelmed in iron, silver. And gold, with golden shields and golden girdles. On hearing, Sa'ad, that noble man, set forth, Swift as the flying dust, to meet Piruz With troops, forthwith dismounted and inquired About the army and its paladin. About the Shah, his minister and host. The watchful leader and his provinces. — He sjn-ead his cloak beneath Piruz and said : " We hold the sword and spear to be our mates : Brave warriors make no mention of brocade, Of oold and silver or of food and slumber. Ye have no part in manhood but are like To women with your colours, scents, and forms. Your prowess is in donning broidery, Adornino- roofs and dccoratinu' doors." YAZDAGIRD 8i

Piruz then gave the letter and told Sa'ad The words of Rustam. Sa'ad heard, read, and wondered. He wrote an answer baek in Arabic, Announcing good and ill. He wrote there first The name of God and of His messenger, ]Muluunmad, who direeteth to the truth. He spake of Jins and men, of w^hat the Prophet, The Ilashimite,! had said, the Unity Of God, of the Kuran, of promise, warning, Of menace and of novel usages. Of liquid pitch, of fire, and icy cold. Of Paradise, its streams of milk and wine. Of camphor and of musk, of bubbling springs. Of wine and honey and the trees of heaven.'^ " Then : If the Shah accepteth the true Faith He will obtain both Avorlds with joy and kingship. And have withal the earrings and the crown. Perpetual beauty and prosperity. His intercessor there will be Muhammad, c. 2068 His form like pure rose-water. In as much As Paradise will be thy recompense We must not plant thorns in the garth of bale. The personality of Yazdagird, This spacious world, such gardens, riding-grounds. And halls and palaces with all the thrones And crowns, the festivals and revelries. Are less worth than one hair of an Houri. In this our Wayside Hostelry thine eyes Are dazed by crown and treasure, and thou trustest Too much in ivory throne, in wealth, and signet, In fortune and in crown. W^hy be concerned About a world when one draught of cold water Out-prizeth it ? Wlioever cometh forth

• Hashim was the great-grandfather of Muhammad. • This is taken from the Kuran. Cf. Vol. i., p. yy. VOL. IX F 82 THE SHAHNAMA OF FlRDAUSl

will see a narrow To figlit with me grave, else but Paradise is his And Hell, naught ; If he believeth. Mark how he should fare. He still will choose the one and shun the other As every wise man knoweth." Then he set The Arab seal thereon and praised Muhammad, The messenger of Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, Went with all speed to Rustam. Now what time Sliu'ba Mughira w^ent forth from the chiefs To journey to the paladin, a noble. One of the Iranians, came in from the way— Before the captain of the host, and said : " A messenger hath come—a weak, old man— Without a horse or weapons and ill-clad. With thin sword slung about his neck and shirt All plainly tattered." Rustam thus apprised Pre])ared a tent-enclosure of brocade. of thread of Chin They laid a carpet gold ; The soldiery turned out like ants and locusts. They set a golden ante-throne whereon The captain of the host assumed his seat — With eight score warriors attending him Horsemen and lions on the day of battle— With crowns, with violet robes, and golden boots, With torques and earrings, v/hile the tent-enclosure Was royally adorned. Shu'ba IMughira, On coming to the tent-enclosure, walked not Upon the cloth but humbly on the ground. And used his scimitar as walking-stick. He sat upon the dust without a look At any—captain of the host or chief. " Then Rustam said to him : May thy soul joy, And by its knowledge make thy body strong." " Shu'ba Mughira said : If thou, good sir ! YAZDAGIRD 83

Acceptest the true Faith, peace unto thee." Now Rustani, hearing this, was vexed and frowned. He took and gave the letter to a reader. c. 20O9 That learned man told him what was writ, and Rustam " ' Made answer : Tell him : Thou art neither king Nor an aspirant to the diadem, But thou hast seen my fortune in eelipse,^ And so thy heart ambitioneth my throne. The case is one of moment to the wise. But thou hast not considered it. If Sa'ad Had the Sasanian throne I well might share His feasts and fights, but since the faithless stars I Bode ill, what shall say ? This is the day Of bale. If for my guide I take INIuhammad, And this new Faith for old, all will go wrong- Beneath this crook-backed sky, and all go hard us.' But as for in With thee, depart peace ; The day of battle is no time for words. ' Tell Sa'ad : To die with honour is a thing Far better for me than crude parleying."

§4

How Rustam joiKjJd with Sa'ad, Soit of WaJcJcds, and ivas slain

Shu'ba Mughira went his way, and Rustam Bade to array the host and sound the trumpet. From all sides troops assembled, clouds of dust Arose, and din that dcafed the sharpest ears. " The steely lance-heads mid the murky reek " Are," thou hadst said, stars mid night's azure gloom," » Reading with P. 84 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

While spears ne'er ceased to smite on glittering helms. The strife endured three days, till water failed The Iranians, and their warriors' hands and steeds Became unfit for combat. Rustam's lips Grew as the dust with drought, his tongue was split. And men and horses battened on moist clav,

So grievous was the stress ! Shouts rose like thunder From Rustam and from Sa'ad as they advanced, Each from his post. Each left his army's centre, And drew off from the field. Departing thus They came beneath a steep-up eminence. And there those chieftains twain assailed each other Revengefully upon that scene of strife Till Rustam, roaring like a thunder-clap. Smote with his sword Sa'ad's charger on the head. Smote the swift charger which came headlong down, 2070 And brave Sa'ad was unhorsed. Then Rustam reared Aloft a trenchant blade to show to him The Day of Doom, and was in mind to strike His head off, but by reason of the dust Raised by the troops they could not see each other. Then Rustam lighted from his steed and saddle Of leopard-skin and fastened to his belt His charger's reins but, while dust blinded him, Sa'ad hurried up and smote him with the sword Upon his helm whence blood ran down his face. And while his eyes were blinded by the gore The aspiring Arab gained the upper hand, Again smote Rustam on the head and neck. And flung his warrior-body on the dust. None in the two hosts were aware thereof. Or whither those two paladins had gone, But searched until they found the scene of strife. The Iranians, when they spied their paladin Slashed by the scimitar from head to foot, YAZDAGIRD 85

Fled. Miuiy a chieftain pcrislied in the press, And many failed for thirst upon the saddle. The world had had full measure of the Shahs. The host fared to the monarch of Iran, And hastened on the way both day and night. When Rustam had been slain in fight, and when The chiefs' heads were all turned, the Muslim host ^ Sped like a savage lion in pursuit. At that time was at Yazdagird Baghdad ; To him the troops came flocking and announced That Rustam was no more, and that the sea Was dry with grief, that many men had fallen. And that the rest had fled the battlefield. The hosts, both Persian and Arabian, Reached Karkh, and Farrukhzad, son of Hurmuzd, Wroth and with tearful eyes came from the Arwand, Arrived at Karkh, fell on the enemy, And not an Arab warrior survived. The Persians marched out from Baghdad intent To meet the foe, and bloodv was the event.

Hoiv Yazdagird consulted with the Iranians a7id icent to Khurasan

When Farrukhzad had gone back to the Shah, All over dust and in his fighting-gear, He lighted from his charger, did obeisance,

' The French version " of the rest of this section is as follows : — Yezdegird ^tait k Bagdad lorsque ses troupes afiluerent autour de lui. Farrukhzad, fils d'Hormuzd, furieux et rcpandant des larmes, traversa le Tigre, entra dans Kerkh et livra un assaut terrible qui ne lassa vivant aucun des guerricrs armcs de lances. Les troupes sortirent aussitot de Bagdad et alKrcnt chercher le combat dans la plaine ; mais lorsque la poussitre de la lutte se fut dissipee, les Iraniens etaient en fuite." 86 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl

Blood in his eyes and anguish in his heart, " And said to Yazdagird : Why weep so nmch ? Is it to wash the throne of kings with tears ? 2071 Thou only of the royal race art left To wear the crown and sit upon the throne. One, with a hundred thousand enemies, How canst thou battle when exposed to all ?

Betake thee to the forest of Narwan ; The folk will gather to thee there and thence. Like valiant Faridiin, do thou renew The fight hke fire." The king of kings gave ear. New thoughts occurred. Upon the morrow's morn He sat upon his throne, assumed the crown, Held an assembly with his men of lore, The magnates and shrewd-hearted archimages. " And said : What seemeth good to you herein ? What precedents recall ye from the past ? ' Saith Farrukhzad to me : Depart and take

Thy followers to the forest of Narwan : The people of Amul, are servitors. The people of Sari all slaves, to thee, And, when thy troops are many, come again With puissance to battle with the Brave.' " Do ye approve ? They all of them exclaimed : — " That is the course." — The king of kings rejoined : " It is not well. I purpose otherwise. Shall I desert the chieftains of Iran, And this great host, our country, throne, and crown To save myself ? That were not majesty. Or manliness or policy. To fight The foe is better for me than disgrace. — The leopard spake a saw in this regard : ' Whene'er the time of stress shall come on thee YAZDAGIRD 87

Turn not in folly from thine enemy.' For just as subjects should obey their kin<> lu good and ill so he nmst not desert them In their distress and go off to his treasures." " The great men blessed him, saying : Crown and signet Exist for ends like these. Think what thy will And wishes are, and what assurances Thou wouldst of us."

The Shah thus answered them : — " Anxiety is ruin to the heart. Our best course is to go to Khurasan Where we shall feel secure from strife w4th foes, For there we are possessed of many troops, And valiant paladins. The Turkish chiefs And Khan of Chin will come and do us homaoe While I will make the union stronger still By marriage with the daughter of Faghfiir. A great host will arrive to succour us, The magnates of Turan and mighty men. There is the warden of the marches too, Mahwi, with horsemen, elephants, and wealth all Of kinds. He is our chief governor, C. 2072 The highest of the guardians of our coasts. I raised him when he was a vagabond, A minstrel and a braggart, giving him. Though worthless, name and w^orth, men, government. Lands, elephants. Base though he be and vile Still his advancement hath been at my court. I Now have heard an archmage quote this saw^ : — ' Of one whom thou hast wTongly harmed bew^are : Of one made rich by thee thy hopes are fair.' I never injured him in aught, and he Will 'venge me on my foe." But Farrukhzad his Smote two hands together and exclaimed : — 88 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt " O Shah who fearest God ! put httle trust In those of evil bent. In this regard

There is a modern saw which runneth thus : —

' Howe'er on birth thou practise witchery, And strivest such an one from rust to free, Since the All-giver framed him thus to be " To loose God's bonds thou wilt not find a key.' " " O mighty, raging Lion ! said the Shah, " To make this trial will work me no hurt." He stayed that night and, when the morning broke. Those noble men set forth and left Baghdad For Khurasan, and took their travail lightly. The chieftains of Iran all sorrowful Accompanied their Shah, that noble man, " And called down blessings on him, saying : INIay time, And earth, ne'er lack thee." From the host rose wails

For grief and at the going of the king. And all the Iranian thanes—the warriors' stay— Drew near to him with outcries and in tears. " And said to him : O Shah ! we are thy slaves With souls and bodies filled with love for thcc. We all will go with thee to learn how fortune Will sport with our king's life, for if we lose Our Shah how can our hearts find joy in home. And country ? We will quit our settlements. Our children, and our wealth to share thy toils. We care not for our lives without thy throne : May fortune ne'er abandon thee."^ 2073 With eyes All tears the king of kings said to those nobles : — " Be ever more intent in praising God. It may be I shall look on you again. And that our sorrows and distress will cease.

» Three couplets omitted. YAZDAGinD 89

Ye all arc my true helpers and the heirlooms Left by my sires. I would not have you harmed : Share not mine ills then. AVe will mark the intent Of circling heaven, its progress, and to whom It showeth love. Resign yourself thereto : None can evade its secret })urposes."

Then said he to the merchantmen of Chin : — " Make no long tarrying here, else will the Arabs Convert your quest of gain to loss." They parted AVith pain and trouble, sorrow, care, and w^ailing. So Farrukhzad, son of ITurmuzd, led forth The troops and called the veterans of Iran, And then the Shah set out with w^ail and woe. The leader led the van. Stage after stage He marched to Rai and tarried there for wine, And minstrelsy, thence went he to Gurgan, Like wind, and stayed one se'nnight sad or glad. Departing thence toward Bust he set his face With wrinkled cheeks and body in ill case.

§6

How Yazdagird ivrote to Mdliivi of Sur

The w^orld-lord, resolute to go to Marv, Wrote to Mahwi of Siir, the governor, In rage and pain, in tears and hope deferred, And calling an experienced scribe poured forth His heart, and it was full. He first praised God, The all-wise Lord, the Fosterer, the Master Of circling Mars and Sol, of cle]:)hant And ant, at will creating out of naught, And needing no instructor, then proceeded : — 90 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl " What hath befallen us ! And gone are all This kingship's hue and j^erfume. Rustani's death Upon the battlefield and by the hand Of one whose name is Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, A landless, low-born, witless, aimless man, Hath straitened all the world to us through sorrow. Now that Sa'ad's army is at Taisafun, With woods and foot-hills fronting them, array Thy host to fight with his and summon all

Thy troops to that same end.^ Lo ! I will follow Behind my letter swiftly as the wind. And give thee what I purpose in my mind."^

How Yazdagird wrote to the Marchlords of Tils

He wrote moreover to the folk of Tus, With full heart and with face like sandarac. First offering his praises to the Judge " From whom are fortune, strength, and excellence, Grace, triumph, throne, and diadem of kingship. From foot of ant to soaring eagle's plume. From elephant on land to crocodile In water, all arc faithful, do His will. And draw no breath unless by His command. This from the world's Shiih, mighty Yazdagird, Son^ of a famous king and valorous. Victorious leader of the Iranian host. Who guardeth his domain, desireth more, And Cometh of a great. God-fearing race That thank their stars that they possess the crown,

' Three couplets omitted. " Two couplets omitted. ' Reading with P. YAZDAGTRD 91

Have peopled earth and made crown, throne, and signet Ues[)Iendent, to his niarehlords witli their thrones And treasures, Graee, high-bearing, crowns and host At Shamirtin, lluina,* and Mount llada, Kahit and elsewhere. May the Fosterer ^Vateh over us and keep you from the scath Of evil hap. In sooth the chiefs have heard. For it hath been an ensign in the Avorld, That in regard to warfare, valoiu', birth. Our hearts are full of kindness, love, and justice. High birth especially constraineth us— The Shahs—to let our toils exceed our treasures _ On your behalf. What time Bahram Chubnia, That malcontent, grew noted and rejected Our rule and diadem ye all abandoned Your marches, spacious cities, pleasances. Your parks and palaces, and in that case. In terror of disaster, made your homes On dale and lofty height. If God almighty C 2075 Shall grant me strength and fortune favour us I will repay your good deeds lavishly. And pray to Him who watcheth o'er the world. In sooth ye must have heard of what the stars Have brought upon our head by these vile Snakes With looks like Aliriman, who lack all knowledge. Shame, fame, and treasure, fortune and descent, And fain would let the world go to the winds. It is the compass of the lofty sky That tribulation shall befall this realm By these vile miscreants, these Raven -heads, ^ Devoid of sense and knowledge, fame and shame. These greedy men, who covet diadems,

" ' Rouindiz." Mohl. " " 'The Persians translated "'Arab" by Zagh (raven) and applied the expression to those hated enemies. 92 THE SHAhNAMA OF FIRDAUSi

Have fixed their eyes upon this royal state, And Nushirwan once dreamed that this our throne Would lose its brilliant lustre. He beheld A hundred thousand Arabs—raging camels With bits! snapped—seeking how to cross the Arwand, And bring destruction on our fields and fells, Saw that both Fire and Fane of Fire would perish. The light of New Year end and Sada feast. That in Iran and Babylon dark smoke Would rise from tilth and crop to Saturn's sj)here. While on the world-king's hall the battlements Would tumble to the ground.^ The dream is now Fulfilled and heaven's favour fain to quit us. Those that we value most will be misprized, The base will be set up on high by fortune, 111 scattered through the world, mishap apert And good concealed. In all the provinces Some tyrant, some obscene calamity. And signs of dark night's coming will appear. Our glorious fortune be cut off from us. Now as our counsellors and paladins— Men of pure rede—advise we purpose going To Khurasan and to its warlike marehlords. Because now of the governor of Tus Have I led here the elephants and drums, And we shall see how fortune will make bonds Of our frail knots. I am girt up for battle That I may meet the Arabs face to face. While Farrukhzad—my very veins and skin. And my firm friend—is now at Altiiniya, Intent on fight, and host eonfronteth host. While Kashmigan, that warrior's son, hath reached Our court and spoken well and loyally.

' Properly the piece of wood passed through a perforation made in the nostrils of a camel to guide it by. " See Vol. viii., p. 66. YAZDAGIRD 93

I heard wliat he could tell about these marches, c. 2076 Their heights aud depths, their caves, retreats, the hold Upon Mount Gunibadan and Jarmana, The fort of Lazhawardi for our stores, as Spots such Al, Makhziuu, and waste of Gil : lie kindly oj)ened all his heart to me. My host for battle is too numerous To tarry long within these narrow holds. We have held council all the ; paladins we Attended ; debated and resolved To take with us crown, throne, and seal and signet. All garments of Kashmir and Rum and Chin, Such goods as we can gather from Kibchak And from Kirwan, all that Ave have in hand Of clothes and carpets, articles of gold, With gems uncut and all that most we prize. And provand and equipment for the future. Of oxen forty thousand will drag loads Of unthrashed corn and after these will come Twelve thousand asses drawing loads of dates For us. A trusty archimage will bring Pistachios, millet, and pomegranate-juice. Attending on the outcome they will send Thereafter many asses' loads of salt. And add a thousand camels' loads of millet, Fat from the tails of sheep and butter-skins. A thousand Bactrian camels will bring dates, Another thousand sugar, as their loads. Twelve thousand also will bring drums of honey. All these will come at one time to the holds. 13esides all these my servants will bring in Some forty thousand salted carcases. And of black naphtha in the next two months Three hundred camel-loads. An archimage 94 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

With escort will arrive from^ Shamiraii, And from Mount Rada while, in sight of all The elders and the wise, the moiuitain-chiefs, Sent by the marchlords, will convey whate'er Is needed to the gates and give the list To our own treasurer, and if the Great Among the folk wall but restrain themselves They will in sooth receive no injury Among the valleys and the lofty hills From Arab or from Turkman. Help from you In these our strenuous times will aid us much. Our minister, that wise and holy man. Will now give orders to our treasurer To send five robes of Persian make to all

)77 That toil for us and, when those toils are over, A splendid turban of gold broidery. In these our present troubles each shall have Two score drachms from our treasures, afterwards, For service rendered, for each drachm three-score. Each worth more than ten dangs,^ and he will read ' This legend : In the name of holy God, The Object of our reverence, hopes, and fears,' Upon one side. The other side will bear ' Our face and crown, the legend : Through our love The earth becometh fruitful.' These have been Prepared for New Year's Da}^ the nobles' eyes • Fulfilled w'ith wealth. God's blessiuQ- on the man Whose faults are few and who forgetteth not Our diadem." The Shah when he had sealed The letter sent it to the army-chiefs. With this king's missive in his hand there came A horseman of high fortune and high aim.

' Reading with P. ' The dang properly was a quarter of a drachm. Y.lZn.lCIRD 95

§8

JIuiv Yazdayird went to T us and how Mdhwi of Stir met him

Tliciicc they conveyed the driiins and came to Tus

From Nishaj)ur. INIahwi of Suv had news : — " The Shah is on the road to Dahistan," And went to meet him with a mighty power, All sj)earmen and in coats of mail, and when The Glory of the royal state ajjpeared, The flag- of majesty and such a host, Alighted from his steed forthwith and paid His dnty to the king of kings, walked softly Upon the bnrning dust and from his eyes Shed tears of reverence. He kissed the around. Prolonging his obeisance, iill his troops Acclaimed the Shah and touched earth with their heads, While Farrukhzad cnrankcd his })owers when he Beheld the visage of Mahwi of Siir By whom his heart was joyed and whom he coun- selled " At large : This Shah of royal race do I Commit to thee to serve him, suffering not The blast to blow on him, and none save thee To earn his thanks. I must depart to Rai, Uncertain whether I shall see again The royal crown for 'gainst these Arab sj)carmen Full many such as I have died in battle. There was not one within the world like Ilustam, The horseman, never hath the ear of sage Heard tell of such, yet by a Raven-head^ c. 2078

' See p. 91. note. 96 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl

Was he cut off, so adverse was our day ! God grant to him a place among the Just,

And give the swarthy Ravens to our spears ! " Mahwi rephed : O paladin ! the Shah Is eye and soul to me. I undertake In thy place to defend thy king, thy Heaven." So Farrukhzad, son ofHurmuzd, departed To Rai as bidden by the Shah, The sky Revolved awhile with matters in this stay, And all love passed from that malignant's brain, And none dared go to battle with the Arabs azure Because the sky was helping them ; The visage of the monarch of tran wrinkled the foe's deeds made strait his heart. Grew ; Mahwi saw that the Shah was at a stay. And driven on by fortune helplessly, Ambitioned speedily the throne and changed In policy, in manners, and dispose. Then for a season he began to affect 111 health and barely showed the Shah respect.

§9

How Mdhivi of Sur incited Bizhan to tvar with Yaz- dagird and how Yazdagird fled and hid himself in a Mill

There was a paladin, a Turk by race,

A man of influence and named Bizhan ; He dwelt within the coasts of Samarkand Where he had many kin. Ill-starred Mahwi, Becoming self-assertive, wrote to him : — " Thou prosperous scion of the paladins ! YAZDAGIRD 97

A strife hath risen that will bring thee profit : The Shah is of all places here at Marv

And with no troops ! His head and crown and state, Wealth, throne, and host, are thine if thou wilt come. Recall the vengeance owing to thy sires, And give this unjust race its just reward." Bizhan, considering the letter, saw That insolent IMahwi would win the world, " Then spake thus to his minister : Thou chief

Of upright men ! what sayest thou to this ? If I lead forth a host to aid Mahwi 'Twill be my ruin here."^ The minister " Replied : O lion-hearted warrior ! 'Twcre shame to hclj) IMahwi and then withdraw. C. 2079 Command Barsam to set forth with a host To aid upon this scene of strife. The sage Will term thee daft to go and fight in person At the insistence of this man of Sur." " Bizhan replied : 'Tis well, I will not go Myself." He therefore bade Barsam to lead Ten thousand valiant cavaliers and swordsmen To IMarv with all the implements of war If haply he might take the Shah. That host Went like a flying pheasant from Bukhara To Marv within one week. One night at cock-crow The sound of tymbals went up from the plain. How could the king of kings suspect Mahwi Of Sur to be his enemy ? Shouts rose. A cavalier reached Yazdagird at dawn " ' To say : Mahwi saith thus : A host of Turks Hath come. What is the bidding of the Shah ?

The Khan and the Faghfur of Chin command : ' " Earth is not able to support their host !

' Two couplets omitted. VOL. IX G 98 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSl

The Shah wroth donned his mail. The armies ranged.^ He formed his troops to right and left, and all Advanced to battle. Spear in hand he held The centre, and the whole world was bedimmed With flying dust. He saw how lustily The Turks engaged, unsheathed his sword, and came. As 'twere an elephant before his troops. Earth Nile-wise flowed. Like thundering cloud he charged. not a warrior But supported him ; All turned their backs upon that man of name, And left him mid the horsemen of the foe. The world's king, when IMahwi withdrew, perceived The practice hid till then—the intent and plan To capture him—yet played the man in light. Displaying valour, strength, and warriorship. Slew many at the centre, but at length Fled in despair, with falchion of Kabul In hand, pursued by many Turks. He sped Like lightning mid night's gloom and spied a mill On the canal of Zark^. Alighting there The world's king lay in hiding from his foes

Within the mill. The horsemen searched for him ; All Zark was hue and cry. The Shah abandoned c. 2080 His gold-trapped steed, his mace, and scimitar With golden sheath. The Turks with loud shouts sought him, Excited by that steed and equipage. The Shah within the mill-house lurked in hay.

With this false Hostel thus it ever is : The ascent is lofty and prolound the abyss. With Yazdagird, while fortune slumbered not, A throne enskied^ by heaven was his lot.

And now it was a mill ! Excess of sweet

> » • Couplet omitted. See LEC, p. 400. Reading with T. YAZDAGTRD 99

IJrcd banc for him and, if thou art discreet. Affect not this world for its end is ill. Whiles a tame serpent to the touch it still At whiles will bite, and hot that bite will be. Why then affect this cozening hostelry While like a drum the sional to be gone '' Thou hearest, bidding : Bind the baggage on, " And for sole throne the grave's floor look upon ? With mouth untasting and with tearful eyes The Shah abode until the sun arose, xVnd then the miller oped the mill-house door. lie bore a truss of grass upon his back. A low-born-man was he, by name Khusrau, Poor, foolish, unrespected, i)urposeless. He lived upon the profits of his mill. Which gave him full employment. He beheld A warrior, like a lofty cypress, sitting In dolour on the ground with kingly crown Upon his head and with brocade of Rum his breast his a his chest Bright on ; eyes stag's, a lion's of him And neck ; beholding ne'er tired. was in form The eye He unique ; VV^ore boots his sleeves were with golden ; fringed pearls And gold. Khusrau looked, stood astound, and called " On God, then said : O man of sunlike mien ! Say in what sort thou camest to this mill ? Why didst thou take it for thy resting-place Full as it is of wheat and dust and hay ? Who art thou with such form, such Grace and looks ? " Sure, heaven never saw the like of thee ! " The Shah replied : I am Iranian-born, In flight before the armv of Tiiran."

The miller said, abashed : "I have no comrade Save penury, but still, if barley -bread, loo THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

With some poor cresses from the river-bank, I will have I Will serve thee bring them ; naught

Besides : a man so straitened well may wail." Throuoh stress of fiffht the Shah had rested— not, Or eaten, for three days and so replied : " Bring what thou hast, that and the sacred twigs Will serve my turn." c. 2081 The poor and lowly miller Brought him the cresses and the barley-bread. Made haste to fetch the sacred twigs and, reaching The toll-house^ on the way, crossed to the chief Of Zark to make request for them. Mahwi Had sent men on all sides to find the Shah, " And so the chieftain asked the miller : Friend ! " For whom need'st thou the sacred ? , twigs Khusrau " Replied : There is a warrior at the mill, And seated on the hay, a cypress slim In height, a sun in looks, a man of Grace, With eyebrows arched and melancholy eyes : His mouth is full of sighs, his soul is sad. I set stale fare before him—barley-bread. Such as I eat myself—but he is fain - To take the sacred twigs while nmttering grace. Thou well mayst muse at him."

The chief rejoined : — " Go and inform Mahwi of Sur hereof, For that foul miscreant must not reveal His proper bent when he shall hear of this."' Forthwith he charged a trusty man to take

' The tcll-house was at the ford or ferry. The same word also mean a of and Mohl or rather might place worship accordingly" his successor (see p. 37 note) translates : — II se rcndit au lieu 011 etait I'oratoire ct fit prevenir aussitot le chef de Zark qu'on liii dcmandait le Barsom." ^ See Vol. i., p. 80 s.v. Bdj. ' I.e. if subsequently he should learn that we knew and did not tell him. YAZDAGIRD loi

The miller to Malnvi who asked ol' liini, " Then anxious for himself For whom didst thou ; Require the saered twigs ? Tell me the truth."— The miller all a-tremble made rei)ly : " I had been out to fetch a load and flung

The mill-door open roughly, when knoAv this : The sun was in mine eyes, but his are like

Those of a startled fawn ; his locks are dark As the third watch of his breath night ; suggesteth Musk, and his face embellisheth his crown. One that hath never seen the Grace of God Should take the mill-house key. His diadem Is full of uncut jewels, and his breast Bright with brocade of Rum. The mill hath grown As 'twere a sun through him, and yet his food Is barley-bread, his seat upon the hay ! ' ' Spring,' thou wouldst say, in Paradise is he : " No thane e'er set so tall a cypress-treej.'

§10

How Mdliivi of Stir sent the Miller to kill Yazdagird, and Jioiv the Architnages counselled Mdhivi to forbear

Now when Mahw'i had taken thought he knew : — " " 'Tis none but Yazdagird ! and bade the miller : — " Haste and cut off his head forthwith or I

Will cut thine own off presently and leave c. 2082 None of thy stock alive." The chiefs, the nobles, And mighty men heard this and all the assembly filled at their were Were with wrath him ; tongues charged I02 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI

With words, their eyes with tears. An archimagc, By name Radwi, whose mind wore wisdom's bridle, " Said to Mahwi : O thou mahgnant one ! Why hath the Div confused thine eyes ? This know : The royal and prophetic offices Are two gems set within one finger-ring. To break one is to trample life and wisdom Beneath thy feet. Reflect upon thy words, And then forbear. Be not the Maker's foe. First will disaster come on thee herefrom. Then thou wilt leave a seed-plot for thy child, With fruit of colocynth and leafage blood. wilt abased Ere long thou behold thy head ; will be sons Thy villainy exposed ; thy Will reap what thou hast sown. This deed of thine Will wreck the Faith of God, and crown and throne Will curse thee." Then a devotee devout. Who never put his hand forth to injustice, By name Hurmuzd, son of Kharrad, a man

Who rested in the Faith, said to Mahwi : — " O thou oppressor ! quit not thus the way Of holy God. I see thy heart and sense Bedimmed. We see thy breast a tomb. Though strong hast no brain mind is weak thou seekest Thou ; thy ; The smoke and not the fire. I see that thou Wouldst have the malediction of the world.

And, when thou quit'st it, travail, smart, and anguish. Now will thy lifetime prove a wretched one. And fire thy dwelling-place when thou de})artest."— He sat. Shahran rose and addressed Mahwi : " Why this audacity ? Thou hast opposed The king of kings and cottoned with the Khan And the Faghfur. Full many of this race Have proved of no account yet men ne'er hasted YAZDAGIRD 103

To slay them. Shed not, as tlioii art a slave, The blood of Shahs because thou wilt be cursed Till Dooiusday/' This he said, and sat down weeping In anguish with heart full and eyes all gall. Then Mihr-i-Niish stood forth in deep distress,

With lamentation, and addressed ]Mahwi : — " O evil man of evil race, who art

Not well advised or just ! a crocodile llespecteth royal blood, a leopard finding A slain king doth not rend him. O thou worse

In love and instinct than the beasts of prey !

Thou covetcst the Shah's crown ! When Jamshid Was slaughtered by Zahhak did that affect C. 20S3 Heaven's will ? Nay, when Zahhak had won the earth Abtin appeared, the glorious Faridun Was born, the fashion of the world was changed. And thou hast heard what tyrannous Zahhak Brought on himself as sequel of his crimes, For though he lived above a thousand years Still in the end the avenger came to him. Then, secondly, W'hen Tur, the exalted one, Afflicted by his longing for Iran, Slew in his folly virtuous fraj, On whom the very dust looked pitjingly. Dispatched him^ to the hero Faridun, And gave the world to sorrow, Minuchihr, One of the race, appeared and undid all Those bonds. When, thirdly, princely Siyawush Went forth to war, albeit reluctantly, Afriisiyab, inspired by Garsiwaz, Washed sliame and honour from his mind and wits. And slew the youthful and right royal prince, So that the world became his enemy. Sprung from that i)rince the world-lord Kai Khusrau

' His head, according to the story. See Vol. i., p. 202. I04 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

Canic and filled all the world with hubbub, clave Asunder with his scimitar his grandsirc,i And frayed all those that else had sought revenge. The fourth count is the feud against Arjasp, The slayer of Luhrasp. Asfandiyar Went forth to fight with him and took swift wreak. Fifth, is the vengeance ta'en for Shah Hurmuzd. Khusrau Parwiz, whenas he felt confirmed In heart and power, dealt in the way we know Both with Bandwi and Gustaham. The sky, ^ Which then revolved, revolveth still. Forgetting What they had done for him, when his sire's blood And love and family appealed to him, He in his day of strength abated theirs.^ One may not scorn the occasion of revenge, For such a time will quickly come to thee. And thou wilt suffer for thine evil thoughts. Thy son will reap what thou hast sown, and fate Will not rest from so refrain long vengeance ; From all this treasure-hoard, this heritage Of crown and precious things. Thou art revolting Because the Div enjoineth, and abjuring The way of God. The Div, as thou wilt learn, Is tempting thee with things not for thine honour.

Burn not thy soul and body in Hell-fire : Dim not this world-illuming crown but gather scattered recant what thou hast said Thy troops ; ; Go ask the Shah to pardon thee and when Thou seest him renew thy fealty. From there to battle with the foe prepare ; Be instant both in counsel and excuse. For not to hearken to the words of sages Will mark thee out as evil in both worlds. Men bring to naught things done a da}^ too late.

' Afrdsiyab, whose daughter Farangfs married Siyavviish. * ' I.e. history repeats itself. Vol. viii., pp. 354, 358. YAZDAGIRD 105

Wilt thou treat Yazdagird, the king of kings, \Vorse than niahgnant Turks, for in the fray He is a Uon, on the throne a Shah As bright as sun and moon, a memory Of the Sasanians ? None is oirdle-oirt Like him. From sire to sire his ancestors Were mighty men and compassers of wisdom From Niishh-wan, the Shah, back to Ardshir, AVhilc, seventh backward from Ardshir, Sasan, The world-lord, had the crown, ^ for God entrusted To him the Kaian crown, and all the kings W^ere of that glorious race. Now many a man Hath been thy better, but they ne'er conceived Designs like these. As for Bahram Chubhia, Three hundred thousand skilful cavaliers

On barded steeds fled at one shaft of his,'^ And left the field of to him fight ; but when His heart grew weary of the race of Shahs The head of his resplendent fortune fell. So Fara} in, who sought the throne of kings Unworthily and bathed his hands in blood. in like Was manner miserably slain : This age endureth not such mockeries. Fear Him, the Lord, the Maker of the world. For He created throne and crown and signet. Defame not thine own person w'antonly Because ere long such things will rise against thee. Know that whoever speaketh not the truth To thee is thy soul's foe. Now thou art sick W^iile I am as the leech, a leech that waileth,

» De jure not de facto. The first Sdsan, here referred to, was the son of Dara and after his father's overthrow by Sikandar took refuge in obscurity. Several generations later a descendant of his of the same name became the fathei of Ardshir Piipakan—the founder of the Sdsdnian Dynasty. The Sasanians, naturally sought to connect themselves with the old line of the I'crsian monarchy, with the Achaemenids in history and with the Kaidnians in legend. CJ. Vol. vi., Y>. 199. •See Vol. viii., p. 126. io6 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSf

And shcddeth drops of blood. Thou art thyself Less than the slave of slaves. Be not ambitious In thy heart's thoughts. Leave strife to holy God, And seek in honour's way the throne of greatness." The sh(^j)licrd-borni had set his heart uj)on

The throne : the arehimages' rede was hard.

it 'tis no new : So hath ever been ; thing The flouts of fortune are past reckoning, Exalting to the sky above this one. And making that vile, wretehed, and undone, Not leagued with that, on war with this not bent. But void of wit, shame. Faith, and precedent. The archmages all, till the world gloomed and moon Succeeded sun, warned that vindictive man, Who was not one hair better for their talk.

And said when night came : "Ye must leave me now

::. 2085 O sages ! I will ponder this to-night, And take all kinds of wisdom to my breast. We will call twenty wise men from the host That we may need not to deplore this ill." The prudent arehimages went their ways, The men of war arrived. Mahwi held session 2 " With his confederates and said : What think ye Herein ? If Yazdagird remain alive will collect to from side Troops him every ; My secret purposes have been exposed. And all, both great and small, have heard thereof ! My life will end through his hostility. And neither folk nor field and fell be left." " A wise man said : Thou shouldest not have acted At first so. If the monarch of Iran Be ill-disposed toward thee then past doubt 111 will befall thee from him, yet 'tis ill To shed his blood for then God will avenge him. To left and right are cares and pains of all kinds :

» 'I.e. Mahwi. Cf. p. 87. Reading with P. YAZDAGIRD 107

Consider how thou nccd'st niiist. act herein."" "" Maliwi's son said to him : Well counselled sire ! Since thou hast made the Sliah thine enemy rid of and Chin Be him ; troo})s from Maehin Will come to him and earth grow strait for us. Hold this no trifle. Since thou hast })revailed Tempt not the maws of lions. Thou and all Thy host will be iii)rooted from the world If standard-wise the Shah's skirt be unfurrd."

§11

Hoiv Yazdagird teas slain hij Khusrau, the Miller

Thereat the shameless, infamous Mahwi " Turned fiercely to the miller, saying : Up ! Take cavaliers and shed my foeman's blood." The miller, hearing, knew not what to do. But when at night the moon assumed her throne Departed mill-ward to the Shah and when He left the court-gate of Mahwi his eyes Were charged with tear-drops and his heart was full. Forthwith Mahwi dispatched some cavaliers — To follow swift as smoke, instructing them : " See that ye sully not the crown and earrings. The signet and the royal robes with blood. And strip the Shah when lifeless." With his eyes All tearful and cheeks yellow as the sun " The miller went, exclaiming : Judge almighty.

Who art above the processes of time ! Wring presently his heart and soul for this C. 2086 " Abhorred behest ! W'ith heart all shame and qualm, io8 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

With wetted cheeks and tongue all charged with dust, He reached the Shah and drawing nigh with caution. As one would speak a secret in the ear. Stabbed with a dirk his middle. At the blow " " The Shah cried : Ah ! Then tumbled head and crown.

And barley-bread before him, to the dust ! He that abideth when he might depart From this world hath no wisdom in his heart, And wisdom is not in the turning sky. Whose love is as its stress and enmity. 'Tis well to look not on the world and so From these its doings love and wrath not know. The planets weary of their fosterlings, folk like are slain And guiltless Yazdagird ; None else hath perished thus of all the kings, Nor of his host a plier of the rein. The horsemen of accursed Mahwi, on seeing That royal Tree thus laid to rest afar From palace and his scenes of ease, drew near, Gazed, one and all, upon his face, removed His cincture, violet robe, and coronet. His torque and golden boots, and left him there In miserable case upon the ground— The monarch of Iran flung on the dust, Blood-boltered, with gashed side !^ Those emissaries. When they arose, all framed their tongues to curse : — " Oh ! may Mahwi himself fare, prostrate thus. All gory on earth's face." They told Mahwi :— " The exalted Shah hath passed away from throne. From battle and delights," and he commanded To take, when it was night, the monarch's corpse. And fling it in the stream. The miller took The body of the Shah forth from the mill,

' Reading the couplet that follows here two couplets lower. YAZDAGIRD 109

And it the horror in 1 flung (mark !) the water, And there it floated with a bobbing head l^ AVheu it was day and people went abroad Two men of worship visited the spot. One of these men austere and sober reached The river-bank and, when he saw the eorpse All naked in the water, hurried back In consternation to the monastery. — And told the other monks what he had seen : " The Shah, the master of the world, is drowned, " in And naked the water-way of Zark ! Then many of those holy men—the chief And others of all ranks—set forth. A cry " Of rose : anguish from them O noble man, c. 2087

And royal crown-possessor ! none e'er saw The wearer of it in such plight as this, Or ever heard before the time of Christ A case like this king's through his wicked slave, This misbegotten dog, this reprobate, AVho fawned his master till ill upon came ; Mahwi's just portion is to be accursed.

Woe for the head and crown, the height and mien !

Woe for the breast and arms, the hands and mace !

Woe for the last descendant of Ardshir ! for Woe that cavalier so young and goodly ! wast thou thou hadst in Strong ; wisdom thy soul. And thou hast gone to bear the news hereof To Niishirwan that, though thy face was moonlike. And though thou wast a king and soughtest crowns, Yet in the mill they pierced thy liverstead, "^ And flung thy naked body in the stream ! Four of the monks went stri[)ped into the water. Seized the bare body of the youthful king,

• Thus, if we interpret the passage by strict Zoroastrian princi- ples, polluting one of the elements and adding sacrilege to regicide, bate/. Vol. iv., p. 129. ' ' Couplet omitted. Three couplets omitted. no THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi

That grandson of the world-lord Nushirwan, And drew it to the bank while young and old Lamented greatly. They prepared for him Within the garth a charnel-house and raised Its summit to the clouds. They sealed his wound With gum, with pitch, with camphor, and with musk, And then arrayed him in brocade of gold. With fine Egyptian linen underneath. And dark-blue Russian cloth o'er all. They decked His place of rest with wine and gum and camphor. With musk and with rose-water. When the form Was hidden of that noble Cypress-tree What said that honoured thane of Marv ? "In secret A guerdon waiteth him that after travail Departeth with good conscience from the world." " Another said : Though man may laugh, yet know That he is of the sufferers, for he Will find the falseness of the turning sky, Which will reveal to him both rise and fall." " Another said : Call not him one of wit That serveth his own form with princes' blood. And seeketh wealth, despite of infamy. With soul unfearful of an evil end." " Another said : Since the Shah's lips are closed I see not crown or royal seat or signet. Or courtiers or a realm or diadem. Or throne or helmet, and if these possess No moment in themselves why this expense " Of toil and time ? " 2088 Thy good report, I sec," " Another said, will win thee worthy praise. Thou in the garth of Paradise didst set

A cypress : now thy soul beholdcth it."

Another said : "God took thy soul and gave Thy body to the care of the devout. YAZDAGIRD iii

Hereby thy soul is lirofited, hereby \\\\\ harm betide the foe. The Shah hath now His work in Paradise ; his foenian's soul Is on the road to Hell."

Another said : — " Wise, knowledge-loving Shah sprung from Ardshir ! Thou reapest now the erop that thou didst sow : The lamp of sovereignty is still alight." " Another said : Though thou'rt asleep, young king! Thy spirit is awake. Thy lips are mute. And with full many a groan thy spirit passed And left free. is thy body Thy work done : Thy soul is busy now. Thy foenian's head Is on the stake. Although thy tongue is tied Thy spirit speaketh, and thy soul is purged Although thy form is pierced, while if thy hand Have dropped the reins thy spirit still will wield The spear in battle."

Said another one : — " O famous warrior ! thou hast departed With thine own works as guide. Th}^ royal seat Is now in this Paradise ; earth of bale Is now another's share." " The man that slew " One such as thee," another said, will look Upon harsh days anon."

The said : — " prelate Thy slaves are we and laud thy holy soul. lie this, thy charnel, as a garth all tulips. This bier thine upland and thy plain of joy." They spake, took up the bier and carried it From waste to mausoleum. Thither came The hapless Shah, crown, throne, and casque at end. of O man many years, whose words still run ! Turn from the path of greed, break off thy strain. shall What we say hereof ? Was justice done. 112 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSt

Or vengeance by the seven planets ta'en, On Yazdagird ? The sage, if unresolved Upon the point, could make me no reply, Or if he spake 'twould be in words involved That keep the answer still a mystery.

If thou hast ! heart means, good man indulge thy ; Trust not to what the morrow promiseth, Because the world and thou perforce must part. And time accounteth for thine every breath; Thou shouldest sow not any save good seed In what remaineth of mortal strife thy ; Control the door of appetite and greed ; He that provided will provide through life. And life itself will but produce for thee

Fair fame and happiness, good friend ! Then still 2089 With all thy might eschew iniquity. For from a wise man should proceed no ill. wine our is o'er Bring ; day nearly and hence We must away, for what hath been will be. Had I incomings balancing expense Then time would be a brother unto me. The hail this year like death on me hath come. Though death itself were better than the hail, And heaven's lofty, far-extending dome Hath caused my fuel, wheat, and sheep to fail.

§12

IIow Mdhioi of Sur was informed of the Obsequies'^ of Yazdagird and ascended the Throne

" One came and told Mahwi of Sur : The world-lord

Is hidden in the dust. The prelates, priests, " " ' Slaying in the text. YAZDAGIRD 113

And monks ol" Rum- all those of life austere, Both young and old, throughout that mareh and land— Went wailing, took his body from the stream, And made for him within the garth a charnel— A great one, higher than the mountain-slopes."^ " IMahwi, that hiekless wretch, exclaimed : Iran Had ne'er before affinity with Rum." He sent and slew the builders of that charnel, With those that mourned, and gave that march to spoil.

Such was his will and worth ! Thereafter he Made search throughout the world and found not one Of that great stock. He had a croAvn and signet, The Shah's erewhile, and to that shepherd-born The throne appealed. He called his intimates. Announced the piu-pose that he had at heart. " And told his minister : Experienced man ! The day of strife and battle is upon us. I have no treasure, fame or lineage. And may but give my head up to the winds. The name that is upon my signet-ring failed Is Yazdagird : my scimitar hath To make men yield to me. Throughout Iran Men are his slaves although his kin is scattered. The sages do not hail me as the Shah, The soldiers do not recognise my seal. My machinations tended otherwise. blood ? Oh ! wherefore did I shed the world-king's All nitiht am I sore-troubled in mv thoughts : The World-lord knoweth how it is with me." " is The counsellor replied : The thing done. And connnon talk. Act for thine own behoof. C. For thou hast burst thy belt. The Shah is dust 2090 his soul. Within the charnel ; dust hath healed

» Reading with P. VOL. IX H 114 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSi

Call round thee all the world-experienced men, And set thy tongue to words of pleasantness. ' Say thus : The Shah gave me the crown and signet As emblems of authority, perceiving The coming of an army from the Turks, " Called me at dead of night, and said : When bruit Of war ariseth who can say which side The dust will be, so take this crown and ring. For they may help thee on the day of battle. I have one daughter only left to me : In truth she is in hiding from the Arabs. Hereafter yield not to the foe my throne, And by these tokens walk thou in my steps." I have then from the Shah as legacy This crown and in accord to his behest Am sitting on the throne.' By this device Give thou thine acts a gloss for who will know " The truth from falsehood ? " " Good ! exclaimed Mahwi, " " Thou art a minister—a peerless one ! He summoned all the captains of the host, And spake at large to them to that efTect. " They knew : It is not true, and well it were To cut his head off for his shamelessness." " A paladin observed : 'Tis thy concern If what thou sayest be the truth or not." He heard and sat him down upon the throne. By his deceit gat hold of Khurasan, Distributed the earth among his chiefs, " And said : I am the world's king with the signet.'

lie called his kin and said the same at large ; earth as it a He took the whole were gift ; The stars were in amaze at him. He chose The vicious as accorded to his nature, Debased the sages and made everywhere Chiefs of the bad. The head of right was humbled. YAZDAGIRD 115

And knavery on all sides manifest. lie gave his cider son Balkli and Ilarat, And sent troops to each quarter. As his host And treasures grew the heart of that ingrate Was gratified. He gave his troops rewards in case he filled the And put them good ; heads Of his own kith and kin with vapourings. Then with his troops and valiant warriors, Preceded by the scouts and Garsiyim— A veteran chief—they marched upon Bukhara, " Intent on war, for Chach and Samarkand " Are ours," Mahwi said, and they must be made The captives of this crown and seal, for so Did Yazdagird, king of the world, command— C. 2091 Chief of the planets seven. With the sword Will I take vengeance on Bizhan by whom The fortune of earth's king w^as turned to gloom."

§13

How Bizhan, hearinq of the Slaying of Yazdagird and of Mdhwi of Siir^s Accession to the Throne, led forth the Host to fight with him

" In time news reached Bizhan : Mahwi hath seized The throne of might and everywhere imposeth earth His seal and signet ; accei)tcth him, And now with warlike troops his face is turned Toward the .lihun for battle." " Who bestowed " The sianct on him ? asked Bizhan, and one " reach Acquainted him with all : When thou didst The desert of Farab, and fortune's lips hence Were closed to good and ill, there parted ii6 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUSt

To him a force of haughty cavaUers ' In quest of fame, for he had said : If thou Wilt send me troops I will dispatch to thee By privy pact the crown of king of kings With golden throne and signet. In the world The sovereignty is fitly thine.' Thy troops Went hence in haste and found the Shah at Marv. They compassed him about. The Iranians fled. When that wise king was left alone he feared That ill might come upon him from the host. There was a certain mill upon the ford. And thither went the Shah, a sun in Grace. Mahwi of Sur heard of him, sent and slew him. And through the royal signet gained the world When he had slain his master. Now the more })art Of praise and blame in this affair is thine, Thine were the valiant horsemen and the strife." " Barsam said thus : O king ! what time^ I took A mounted force from Chach- Mahwi had said

' To thee : The golden throne of Yazdagird, His armlets set with gems, his crown withal And treasure, will I send to Balkh. The throne And crown within the world must needs be thine.' I fought three days at Marv^ When on the fourth The world's light shone I battled furiously, For I was pressed. Tyrannical Mahwi Displayed his back. The Iranian king of kings, Abandoned, like a furious lion charged c. 2092 My troops and slaughtered many of my chiefs. But, when he had no comrades left, he too his Displayed back ; but how that master -slayer. That faithless slave, ])ut him to death I know not. Thus with no toil Mahwi obtained and used His master's treasures. Then the miscreant, Becoming dazed by so much wealth, appeared, » Reading with P. » Couplet omitted. YAZDAGIRD 117

Thou mightcst say, as if he ne'er had seen me ! Although my troops remained two months at ]\Iarv lie gave us no kind look but put to death. And privily, his lord, so great a king. The lustre ol' the world, a cavalier That 'raiseth o'er the orbit of the moon His head amidst the host ' thou wouldst have said.

No Turk encountered and escaped his mace : He broke oin- nobles' hearts. I have not seen Such breastplate, hand, and mace. ISIahwi thus furnished Seized on the realm in this unholy wise. Now that the foe in arms invadeth thee Thou and thine army must be up and doing. Let not weeds blossom in the royal garden Or it will be forgotten." Hearing this, Bi/han raged much at having helped to dim The fortune of the Shah, then bade assemble Ilis host of Turks, his horsemen of the day Of battle, sped forth from Kachar Bashi, And lost no time upon the road. Wheiuis He drew anear Bukhara all the waste

: — Was covered with his troops to whom he said " Haste not and let Mahwi be first to lead His host across the water^ to contend ^Vilh me. Perchance on him I may avenge The Shah." " He asked thereafter : Did the king liCave no availful child ? Had he no brother ? Tn the default of sons had he no daughter, Whom we might carry with us and assist, " And take full satisfaction of Mahwi ? " ! race's Barsam replied : My lord this day

Is the Arabs hold those ; passed ; provinces • The Oxus. ii8 THE SHAHNAMA OF FIRDAUS!

No Shah is left or worshipper of Fire." Bizhan, on hearing this, resumed his march,

Astound at this world's doings. Scouts announced : — " A host hath come and campeth at Baigand. They crossed in boats, their dust obscured the sun." Bizhan, the chief, led on his troops to war, And when Mahwi of Sur beheld them thou " c. 2093 Hadst said : His soul took flight." He was in dudgeon At all those breastplates, helmets, shields of Chin, At all those maces, spears, and battle-axes Of Chach. The air grew dark and earth was lost To sight therein as he arrayed his host.

§14

How Mdhivi of Silr was taken and slain by Order of Bizhan

Bizhan, when he had drawn up his array, for the Iranians Prepared an ambush ; Mahwi knew of it and with loud exclaims Departed from among his troops. Bizhan " Looked beheld the and knew : Mahwi forth, flag, — Is minded to take flight," and bade Barsam : " Lead from the central host what troops thou hast,

And draw toward one side ; we must not let Mahwi decline the battle and haste thus

Jihun-wards. Speed and keep him well in sight. For we nmst deal with him in other wise."

Barsam of Chin observed the flag and drew His troops apart until with frowning face. And malisons upon his lips, he reached The desert of Farab, there found Mahwi, YAZDAGIRD 119

with his the And, weight upon stirrups, charged ; Then, closing face to face, he j)Hcd his sword, Disphiying valour, seized his I'oenian's belt, Unseated him and dashed him to the ground. Alighted, bound his hands, and then remounting Drove him along in front. With that came up Barsam's own comrades, and the bruit of him " Filled all the plain. They said : O chief ! iNIahwi Should be beheaded on the w-ay."

He answered : — " so Bizhan as is not informed Not ; yet About the capture." Presently Bizhan " Gat new^s : That ill-conditioned slave is taken," Heard and grew glad of heart. He hugged himself. And thus released from care roared lion-like. Then many valiant Turks came and discussed The fashion of the slaying of Mahwi. All that they recognised as of his court They put to death—a countless multitude. Thev looted all the baggage and dragged off Mahwi stripped bare of all. The guilty wretch Lost all his wdts when he beheld Bizhan, Was as a soulless body w'ith affright, c. 2094 And strewed upon his head the unstable sand. " Bizhan said : O thou miscreant ! may none have A slave like thee ! Why didst thou put to death That righteous Shah, the lord of victory And throne, and by ancestral right both Shah " And king, the memory of Niishirwan ? " Mahwi made answer thus : The evil-doer Can look for naught but slaying and reproach. Now smite my neck for wrong done and fling dow^n My head in presence of this com})any." The other gave reply : "I will so act That I shall banish vengeance from my heart," I20 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSl

Struck off Miihwi's hand with the scimitar, " 55 And said : This hand hath not a peer in crime. " The hand thus lopped, he said : Cut oIT his feet That he may not escape," and further bade : — Cut off his nose and ears, let him be placed Upon a horse out on the burning sand Until he sleepeth in his shame." The}' bound him From head to foot with cords, the clarions sounded, A herald went the circuit of the host, And, as he passed the entry of the tents. " Made proclamation : Slaves that slay your masters ! Indulge no foolish thoughts, and may all those Without compmiction for a monarch's life Be as Mahwi and never see the throne." There was a prince, by name Guraz, at once The glory and the pleasure of Mahwi. He was the governor of Marv what time Mahwi died wretchedly. As eldest son He was his father's lustre, who had made A crown of gold for him. When fortune loured Upon Mahwi the horsemen rode to Marv From all sides. Tumult spread. The war-cry rose. And strife and turmoil filled the land. Guraz Was slain mid those dark doings, and the day Of all his race was done. He had three sons Among his troops, three favourite sons possessed Of crown and throne. A lofty pyre was kindled. And he and his three sons were burned thereon. None of the seed remained or if some did Men harried them. The chieftains cursed that race.

All vengeful for the slaughter of the Shah : — " May it be cursed and may there never fail A man to curse it as it hath deserved." Bizhan, the Turk, too was an evil-doer. Ilis own time came, his wisdom was estranged. YAZDAGIRD 121

And I have heard that he grew mad at last, till And was so he slew himself. Well done, c. 2o

§15

Account of the Completion of the Shdhndma

When five and sixty years had passed me by I viewed my task with more anxiety, And as my yearning to achieve it grew My fortune's star receded from my view. Persians well read and men of high degree Wrote all my work out and would take no fee. I over-looked from far, and thou hadst said

That they had rather handselled me instead ! Naught but their praises had I for my part. And while they praised I had a broken heart. The mouths of their old money-bags were tied. Whereat mine ardent heart was mortified.

Of famous nobles of this town 'Ali, The Dilamite,! most shared the work with me. For he, a man of ardent temper made. Through kindliness of soul forwent no aid. Husain, son of Kutib, a Persian lord. Asked me for naught without its due reward, But furnished gold and silver, clothes and meat, And found me ways and means, and wings and feet. As for thereof I taxation, naught know ; All at mine ease in mine own quilt I lie.

' In Vol. i., p. 35, the names arc given according to the reading of BCM. 122 THE SHAHNAMA of FIRDAUSI

What time my years attained to ten times seven And one my poetry surmounted heaven. For five and thirty years I bore much pain Here in this Wayside Inn in quest of gain, But all the five and thirty years thus past travail to the Naught helped ; they gave my blast, And my hopes too have gone for evermore Now that mine age all but hath reached fourscore. I end the story of Shah Yazdagird, And in Sapandarmad, the day of Ard, And year four hundred of Muhammad's Flight, The last words of this royal book I write. For ever flourishing be Shah Mahmud, His head still green, his heart with joy imbued. I have so lauded him that publicly And privily my words will never die. Of from the Great I store praises had much ; The praises that I give to him are more. May he, the man of wisdom, live for aye. His doings turn to his content alway. This tale of sixty thousand couplets I Have left to him by way of memory. 2096 My life from days of youth to eld hath sped In talk and hearkening what others said. When this, my famous tale, was done at last O'er all the realm my reputation past. All men of prudence, rede, and Faith will give Applause to me when I have ceased to live.

Yet live I shall ; the seed of words have I Flung broad-cast and henceforth I shall not die.

The Shahnama of Firdausi is ended. INDEX

This Index and the Table of Contents at the beginning of the volume are complementary. References to the latter are in Roman numerals.

Arab, Arabs, booty found by, at Ctcsiphon (?), 68 annex Mesopotamia, 68 Abbreviations, list of. xi Khuzistan, 68 Abtin, father of Faridiin, 53, 103 = 'Umar, 72 Abii Bakr, Khalifa, 76 seal, 82 begins war with Persian =Sa'ad, 84 Empire, 66 defeated, 85 Abu 'Ubaida, Arab general, 66 Niishfrwan's dream of, 92 supersedes Khdlid in Syria, Arabian, Arabians, 74, 85 66 Arabic, 81 Abu 'Ubaida, Arab general, 67 Archmages, viii made commander in Persian Ard, day, 70, 122 campaign, 67 Ardshir Papakan, first Sasanian slain, 67 SMh, 105, 109, III Afrdsiyab, ruler of Turan, 25, Ardshfr, son of Shirwi, Sh4h, 103 vii, 43 seq. Ahriman, the Evil Principle, 8, makes Piriiz general, 44 18, 73. 74. 79, 91 entertains Piriiz at feast, Al, place, 93 48 Alburz, Mount, 25 death of, 49 'All, the Dilamite, friend of Fir- treasury of, squandered by dausi, 121 Guraz, 53 Altuniya, place, 92 Arish, famous franian archer, 25 Amul, city in Mazandardn, 86 Arjasp, king of Turan, 104 Apologue, 86 Armani, Iranian chief, 74 Apothegms, 87, 88, no 'Arus, treasure, 20 Arab, Arabs, 3, 5, 25, 60, 69, 70, Arwand (Tigris), river, 85, 92 72, 75 seq., 79, 89, 92, Asfandiyir, son of Shdh Gush- 94, seq., 114, 117 t^p, 25, 26 note, 104 invasion of fran by, 3, 65 Ashtad, franian chief, 1 1 seq. seq. chosen to visit Khusrau steeds, 1 1 Parwiz at Taisafiin, 9 tribes, 65 and Kharrdd parley with triumph of, over Dhu Kar, Galinush, 11 66 visit Khusrau Parwiz, chieftain, incites Abu Bakr 12 to invade Persia, 66 report to Shirwf, 27 concentrate at Kddisfya, 67 Astrolabe, 73 123 124 INDEX

Astrologer, 73 Barda', city on the borders of Azar, month and day. 17 Azarbaijan and Armenia, Azar, AbMagan (Azargashasp 15 q.v.), 74 Barsam, general of Bizlian 97. Azargashasp, spirit of tlic light- 117 ning. 55 marches on Marv, 97, liG temple of (Azar Abadagan) M^hwi's conduct to, 117 at Shiz (Takht-i-Salai- pursues and overtakes m^n) in Azarbaijan, 75 Mahwi, 118 Azarmdukht, Shah, viii, 56, 50, captures Mahwi, 119 69 Bartas, region in Turkistan, 19 reproaches Kubad, 7 Barzfn, father of Kharrid, 4, 9, end of, 59, 60 12, 27 Basra (Bassora), city on the Shatt-el-Arab, 68, 69 B founded by 'Umar, 67 Battle of the Bridge, 5, 67 Babylon, 65, 92 Bizhan, Kh4n of Turks, viii, 70, Zahh4k, king of, 65 96 Bactrian, camels, 93 M4hwf writes to, 96 Bad Awar, treasure, 20 consults his minister, 97 Baghdad, Persian settlement of, sends troops to Marv, 97 67 M^hwi makes war on, 115 raided by Arabs, 67 nic rches against Mahwi. 117 Baghdad, citj' (C/. Vol. viii, p. lays ambush for Mahwi, 118 109 note), 88 sends Barsim in pursuit of Yazdagird quits, 88 Mahwi, 118 Bahrain, group of islands in hears of Malawi's capture, Persian Gulf, 68 119 Bahram Chubina, frdnian hero, puts Mihwi to death, 120 6, 15, 16, 22, 91, 105 goes mad and kills himself, assassination of, referred 120, 121 to. 4 Brahman, 21 Romance of, 5 Bridge, Battle of the, 5, 67 Bahrdm Gur, Shdh, 26, 77 Bukhara, city on the ZarafshAn Baigand, city and fortress river in the province of between Bukhara and Sughd, 97, 115, 117 Oxus, Bust, city in SistAn, 89 Mahwi encamps at, 118 Balkh, city, 116 bestowed by Mdhwi on his son, 115 Bandwf, maternal uncle of Khus- rau Parwiz 4 Ci^,SAR, 10, 23 execution of, referred to, 4, letter of, about the True 16, 104 Cross referred to, 22 B4rbad, minstrel, vii, 29 and Chdch (Tashkand), city in TiirAn, note 115, 116 visits Khusrau I'arwiz in battle-axes of, 118 prison, 29 Chahram (Jahram), city in PArs lament of, 30 29, 61 INDEX 125

Chin country (often =Tuidn), 10, Farab (Firabr), town on the 19, 41, 107, 118 Oxus opposite to Amwi, sashes from, 12, 53 desert cf, 115, 118 gold thread of, 82 Fardyin (Gurdz, Shahrbardz^.w.), Khdn of, 87 Shdh, vii, 50, 53, 105 merchantmen of, 89 accession-speech of, 52 shields of, 118 counselled by his eldest son, Christ, 24, 109 52 Cross of, 23 counselled by his youngest Christian, 23 son, 53 Commander of the Faithful, 72 misrule of, 53 'Umar, the first. 72 and note plot against, 54 Contents Table of, vii Faridiin, Shah, 25, 39, 53, 71, Cross, the true, 4, 5, 10, 24 86, 103 restoration of, 7, 56 Farruhdn (Farrukhan). See Far- of Christ, 23 ay in. Elevation of, 43 Farrukhdn (Farruhdn). See Far-

Crystal, House of, 25 and note dyin . Ctesiphon (Taisafun q.v.), 65 Farrukh-Hurmuzd (Hurmuzd seq. q.v.), father of Rustam, 69 taken by Shahrbardz, 43, 44 FarrukhzAd, Shah, viii, 61 seq., Sa'ad, 67 70 booty found at, 68 Siyah Chashm and, 62 poisons, 63 Farrukhzad, son of Hurmuzd, D brother of Rustam, and favourite of Khusrau Par- Dahistan, town, also district wiz, 23, 87, 92, 95 north cf the Atrak. 95 bribes Mihr Hurmuzd to Dai, day, 17 murder Khusrau Parwiz, DAng, coin, 94 and note 33 Darkness, House of, 7 defeats the Arabs, 85 Dastagird, city, 7 counsels Yazdagird, 86, 87 Dliu Kdr, Battle of, 4, 5, 66 leads the host to Khur4s4n, Dilamite, 'All the, friend of Fir- 89 dausi, 121 entrusts Yazdagird to Div, divs, 18, 25 Mahwi, 95 = Ahriman, 47, 102, 104 goes to Rai, 96 Farud, son of Sliirin and Khusrau Parwiz, 39 Firdausi, 69 account of Arab conquest Egyptian, no by, supplemented, 65 linen, no Yazdagird's death, 70, 107 reflections on, 108, III on completion of Shdhndma, FaghfiJr of Chfn, 87, 97, 102 121 Faithful, Commander of the, 72 friends and assistants of, 121 'Umar, the first, 72 and note exempt from taxation, 121 126 INDEX

Firdausi, time spent on Shdh- Gur4z, end of, 55 n4ma, by, 122 Guraz, son of Mahwi, praise of Sultan Mahmud, referred to, 107, 115 by, 122 governor of Marv, 120 Flight of Muhammad, referred put to death with his sons, to, 122 120 Ford and toll-house of Zark, 100 Gurdwi, brother of Bahrdm and note, 116 Chiibina, 6 Gurdya, sister of Bahram Chu- bina, 6 Gurgan, province on the south- eastern shores of the GALBwf, franian chief, 74 Caspian, 89 Galiniish, Persian general, 5, 11, Gushtasp, Shah, 25 12 Gustaham, maternal uncle of parley of, with Kharrad and Khusrau Perwiz, 4, 6 Ashtad, II assassination of, referred to, Gang-dizh, stronghold, 25 16, 104 Garsiwaz, brother of Afrasiy^b, 103 Garsiyun, Iranian chief, 115 H Gashasp, father of Ashtad q.v., 1 1 Gemini, constellation, 73 HamadAn, city in 'Irak 'Ajami, Gil (Gil, Gilan ?), district on 68 south-west coast of Cas- Haram, of Khusrau Parwiz, 4, 5 pian, 93 Harat, city in north-western Glory. See Grace. Afghanistan, 115 Grace or Glory, the divine, 8, 26, bestowed by Mahwi on his 30, 31, 41, 44, 47, 73, 74, son, 115 79. 90, 91. 95. 99. 100, Hashim, Arab general, 68 101, 116 sent by 'Umar in pursuit of Gudarz, franian hero, 25 Yazdagird, 68 seventy sons of, 25 wins battle of JaliilA, 68 Gumbadin, Mount, 93 takes Hulwdn, 68 stronghold on, 93 Hashimite=Muhammad, 81 and Gurdz (Shahrbaraz, Farayin note q.v.) general of Khusrau Heraclius, Eastern Roman Em- Parwiz and Shah, vii, 44 peror, 5, 7 rebelhon of, 45 Shirwi's letter to, 7 message of, 45 alliance of, with Shahr- writes to Piriiz, 46 baraz, 44 Piriiz writes to, 47 Hil^l, Arab, 69 account of, 50 slayer of Rustam son of meaning of, 50 Farrukh-Hurmuzd, 70 dual personality of, 50 Hindustan, 17, 20 marches on Taisafiin, 51 Hira, city, west of the Euphrates confers with frdnian mag- near Nedjef, 5, 66 nates, 51 kingdom of, 65 misrule of, 53 abolished by Khusrau conspiracy against, 54 Parwiz, 66 goes hunting, 55 attacked by Persians, 67 INDEX 127 81 Hcuri. frdnians, defeat of, at Marv, 116 House of Darkness, 7 ambushed, 118 and Crystal, 25 note Istakhr (Perscpolis), 50, 54 town on the Hulwan, border of Yazdagird taken to, 64 'Irak 'Ajami, west of Kir- made Shdh at, 65 m^nshih Yazdagird retires to, 67 taken by Hishim, 68 Hurmuzd, son of Nushirwan, Shdh, 4, 15, 104 Jahram. See Chahram. Hurmuzd (Hurmuzdshdh, Far- Jalula, 68 rukh-Hurmuzd q.v.), Jamdsp, minister of Gushtasp, 26 father of Rustam, 72, 78 Jamshid Shah, 25, 39, 103 85, 89, 96 Jarmana, place, 93 Hurmuzd Shahranguraz (Shah- Jerusalem, 43 ranguraz q.v.), 54 Elevation of the True Cross Hurmuzd, devotee, 102 at, 43 pleads with Mahwf for Yaz- Jesus, 10 102 dagird, Jihiin (Oxus), river, 77, 115, 118 friend Husain, of Firdausi, 121 Jins, 81 Hiishang, Shah, 25, 41 K

KABUL, city Indian, scimitar, 17 falchion of, 98 script, 17 Kachar Bashi, city in Tiiran, 117 scribe, 17 Kadisiya, town west of Euph- fraj, sonof Faridiin, 103 rates and near 'Irak, 66 Nedjef, 5, 73, 74, 77, 78 fran, vii, viii, 9 seq., 15, 21, 22, Battle of, 5, 67, 69 31. 36, 38. 39. 44. 45. 51. date of, 67 66. 74. 75. 79. 85, 86, 88, canal of, 69 92, 96, 103, 106, 108, 113 Rustam advances to, 73 franian, frdnians, viii, 22, 23, Kaian, crown, 11, 105 40, 47, 48, 63, 73, 76, 88, Kai Kiiis, Shdh, 25 116 90, Kai Khusrau, Shdh, 25, 103 homage Shirwl, 8 Kai Kubad, Shdh, 25 choose two chiefs to visit Kalat, stronghold, 91 Khusrau Parwiz in prison, Karan, Iranian hero, 25 9 Karkh, a suburb of Baghdad, 85 plot against Gurdz, 54 Arab defeat at, 85 go hunting with Gur^z, 55 Kashmigdn, son of Farrukhzdd, race, 65 92 enmity of, with Semite, K4wa, the smith, 30 65 flag of, 30, 67 announces arrival of Shu'ba Khdlid, Arab general, 66 to Mughira Rustam, 82 begins hostilities against defeat of, at Kidisfya, 84 Persian Empire, 66 retreat to — Yazdagirtl, 85 recalled to lead Syrian cam- born, 99 paign, 66 128 INDEX

Kh^n of Chin, 87, 102 Kirwan (Karw4n, district north = Bizhan, 97 of Jaxartes ?), 93 Kharr^d, son of Barzin, Iranian Kisra Niishirwdn. See Nushir-

minister, 4, 11, 12, 24 wan . end of, 4 Kubad, son of Piriiz, Sh4h, 22, chosen to visit Khusran 25 Parwiz at Taisa fiin, 9 Kubad (Shirwi q.v.), Shah, vii, Ashtad and, parley with Gal- 3, 4, 9, II, 12, 14, 24, 32, inush, II 47. 64 visit Khusrau Parwiz, 12 tragic reign of, 3 report to Shirwi, 27 pestilence during, 3 Kharrdd, father of Hurmuzd, 102 boorishness of, 3 Khurasan, province in north- difficult situation of, 3 eastern fran, viii, 59, 6g, reproached by his sisters, 7 87, 88, 92 Kiifa, city, west of Euphrates Mahwi becomes master of, and north of Nedjef, 68, 114 69 Khusrau Parwiz, Shah, vii, founded by Sa'ad, 67 4 seq., II, 12, 25, 26 note, KurAn, 81 30. 31. 33 se(/., 38 seq., quoted, 81 and note 45 seq. Kutib, father of Husain, 121 charges against, 4, 5, 9, 10 reply of, to charges, 5, 14 seq. Haram of, 4, 5 last days cf, Theophancs' Lazhawardi fort, 93 account of, 6 Lull rasp, Shah, 104 Shirwi's treatment of, 7 sons of, executed, 7, 35 Shirin and, 7 M imprisoned atTaisafun, 9 companioned by Shirin, 29 Machin (China), 107 Barbad visits, 29 Mahmiid, Sultan, praise of 122 laments over, 30 Makhzum, place, 93 steed of, 30 M4hwi, Persian cliief, viii, 70, 74, son of, 31 89, 95, 97. 100 seq. 118 referred to, 33 and note described, 87 kingdom of Hira aboUshcd FarrukhzM entrusts Yaz- by, 66 dagird to, 95 Muhammad's letter to, 66 accepts charge of Yazda- Khusrau, father of Piruz, vii, 44, gird, 96 46, 48, 49, 51. 57 becomes disaffected to Yaz- Khusrau, a miller, '. iii, 99. See dagird, 96 Miller. writes to Bizhan, 96, 116 Khuzistdn (Susiana), province at betrays Yazdagird, 97, 98, head of Persian Gulf 116, 117 100 annexed by Arabs, 68

MAhwi, son of, receives Balkh and Marv, traditional scene of Yaz- Marat, 115 dagird's death, 70 governor of Marv, 120 Yazilagird at, 97, 116 put to death with liis thane of, no sons, 120 apothegm of, no sends miller to slay Yazda- conduct of Mihwi to Bar- gird, 107, 116 sam at, 117 troops after niillor with Gurdz, son of Mdhwi, gov- instructions, 107 ernor of, 120 troops of, strip corpse of Mazanda.rin, region between Yazdagird, 108 Alburz range and Caspian, hears of death of Yazdagird, 74 108 Mecca, city, 69 bids miller throw corpse of Mercury, planet, 73 Yazdagird into stream, Mesopotamia, loS annexed by Arabs, 68 slays monks, 113 Mih-Azar-Gushnasp, minister of consults his intimates and Ardshir, son of Shirwi, in minister, 113 Arabic Tabari, 43 advised by his minister, 113 put to death, 43 claims the throne on false Mihr, fea^t, 40 pretences, 114 Mihr 'Hasis, minister of Ardshir, becomes master of Khur- son of Shirwi, in Persian ds4n, 114 Tabari, 43 evil rule of, 114 put to death, 43 makes war on lii'zhan, 115 Mihr Hurmuzd, murderer of conduct of, to Barsam, 117 Khusrau Parwiz, vii, 34 cresses Oxus and camps at account of, 5 Baigand, 118 referred to, 6, 33 flees, 1 18 conspires against Ivhusrau overtaken by BarsAm, 118 Parwiz, 6 captured by Barsam, 119 put to death, 7 put to death by Bizhan, 120 described, 33 Marchlords, viii Mihr-i-Nush, 103 Mardanshah (Yalan-sina q-v.),^, 6 pleads with Mdhwi for Yaz- son of, 5, 6 dagird, 103 conspires against Ivhusrau Mill, viii, 98, 116 Parwiz, 6 Miller, viii, 70 mutilation and execution of, Yazdagird and, 99 6 informs chief of Zark about Mardanshah (Mardasas), son of Yazdagird, 100 Shirin and Khusrau Par- informs Mahwi about Yaz- wiz, 39 dagird, lOI Mard4sas (Mardinsliah q.v.), 7 bidden to slay Yazdagird, execution of, 7 107 Mars, planet, 73, 89 bidden to fling corpse into Mariisipand, palace, 1 1 stream, 108 •Marv, oasis and city in ancient Mnn'ichihr, Shdh, 103 northern Khurasdn, now Mir Kh4nd, distich of, quoted, 56 in Turkistan, 70, 89, 116, Monks, 109 find Yazdagird, 109 VOL. IX I30 INDEX Monks, lament over and entomb O Yazdagird, 109 seq. sentences of, over Yazda- Omen of the quince, 13, 14 gird, no Oxus (Jihiin), river slain by Mahwi, 113 referred to, 117 and note, 118 Mughira, son of Shu'ba. See Shu'ba Mughira, 69 Muhammad, the Prophet, 69, 81 seq. letter of, to Khusrau Par- PAHLAvf, middle Persian lan- wiz, 66 guage of Ashkanian (Par- Flight of, referred to, 122 thian) and Sasanian times, Muslim, 85 50 Paidawasis, Persian coin=five dinars, 19 Pars (Persis, Farsistan), country on eastern shore of Per- sian Gulf, 68 Parsis, 64 N Parwiz. See Khusrau Parvviz. Persepolis (Istakhr), 65 Nahavand, city, south of Ham- Persia, 66 adan, 68, 69 Persian, Persians, 5, 7, 20, 37, Yazdagird concentrates his 40, 54, 60, 66, 67, 69, 70, forces at, 68 72, 77. 79. 85, 121 Battle of, 69 ideas on marriage, 7 Narwan, forest of, 86 language, 12, 65 Nastur, son of Shirin and Khus- = Ashtad and Kharrad, 24 rau Parwiz, 39 exonerate Shirin, 38 Nile, 98 empire, 65, 66 Nimriiz*, 5, 6 Gulf, 66, 68 " the satrapy of, 69 win The Battle of Nishd.pur, city in Khurasan, 95 Bridge," 67 Niy^tiis (Theodosius, son of fail in attack on Hira, 67 Maurice), 23 defeat of, at Kadisiya, 67, Note on Pronunciation, xii 84 Nu'man bin Munzir, prince of Jalula, 68 Hfra, 5 Nahavand, 69 Nu man, Arab general, 68 Shu'ba Mughira's embassy ' sent by Umar to fight Yaz- to, 69 dagird, 68 robes, 94 defeats Pfriizan at Naha- transcribe Shahndma for vand, 68 Firdausi, 121 slain, 69 Pestilence, in reign of Kubdd, Niishirwdn, Sh4h, 22, 26, 71, 80, 3-7 92, 105, 109, no, 119 Piruz, son of Khusrau, minister Letter of Counsel of, 22 of Ardshir son of Shirwi, division of Empire by, 69 vii dream of, 92 appointed general, 44

*See p. 333 note. INDEX 131

Pfniz, letter of Guraz to, 46 Rum, Eastern Roman Empire, takes counsel, 46 10, II, 20, 39, 41, 45, 46, writes to Guraz, 47 113 Guraz marches against, 48 brocade of, 99, loi appeals to Tukhar, 48 monks of, slain by Mahwi, feasts with Ardshir, 48 "3 informs Guraz of the death Ruman, Riimans, 23, 60 of Ardshir, 51 Russian, cloth, no put to death, 57 Rustam, son of Zal, frinian hero, Piruz, franian prince, 59 25 Piriiz, son of Shapiir, Iranian Rustam, Persian commander noble in chief under Yazdagird takes Rustam's letter to III., viii, 66, 67, 69, 73. Sa'ad, 80, 81 81 seq., 90, 95 Piruzan, Persian general, overthrows Azarmdukht, 59 commands Persian forces at advances to Kadisiya, 67, Nahavand, 68 73 slain, 69 end of, 69 Pisces, constellation, 71 finds evil aspects in the stars, Plague. See Pestilence. 73 Pronunciation, Note on, xii writes to his brother, 73 Purandukht, Shah, vii, 56 hears of Shu'ba Mughira's reproaches Kubad, 7 arrival, 82 makes Shahranguraz prime minister, 56 True Cross and, 56 Pusfarrukh, 50

Sa'ad, son of Wakkas, Arab Q general, viii, 67, 68, 82 seq., 90 Quince, omen of the, 13, 14 succeeds Abu 'Ubaida, 67 at Kadisiya, 67, 69 founds Kiifa, 67 R takes Ctesiphon, 67 recalled, 68 R.\D.\, Mount, 91, 94 sent by 'Uniar to invade Kadwi, archimage fran, 72 pleads with Mahwi for Yaz- letter of Rustam to, 78 dagird, 102 taken by Piriiz 80, 81 Rai, city and district near Tih- Sada, feast, 40, 92 ran, 68, 69, 89, 95, 96 Samarkand, city in Turkistan, Raja, 17 96, 115 letter of, 17 Sapand^rmad, month, 70, 122 put in charge of Shi'rin, 17 Sari, city in Mazandaran, 86 Raven, Raven-head, 91 and note, Sa.san, son of Dara, 105 and iiote 95 note, 96 lineage of 56, 105 Revellers Rosary of 38, 40 Sasanian, Sasanians, 4, 5, 46, Roman, 50, 66 47. 50. 54. 65, 72. 73, 76, Rosary of Revellers, 38, 40 77. 83, 105 Riiina, place, 91 Dynasty, 4 132 INDEX

Sasanian, Empire, conquered by Shfrin, makes her will, 36 the Arabs, 65 seq. goes to Court 37 Satrapy, satrapies, Niishirwdn's justifies herself, 38, 40 four, 69 sons of, 39 Saturn, planet, 73 unveils to the Court, 39 sphere of, 92 Shirw: falls in love with, Seasons, confusion of the, 77 note 39 Semite, race, enmity of, with makes request of Shirwi, 40, Iranians, 65 41 Shabdiz, steed of Khusraii Par- goes home, 40 wiz, 30 distributes her wealth, 40 Shahnama, viii, 4 seq., 43, 50, 61, frees her slaves, 41 70 poisons herself, 42 completion of, Firdausi on, Shirwi (Kubad q.v.). Shah, vii, 121 7, 8, II, 27, 28, 31 seq., length of, 122 36, 45, 47, 64 date when completed, 122 treatment of Khusrau Par- Shahran, 102 wiz by, 7 pleads with Mahwi for Yaz- writes to Heraclius, 7 dagird, 102 horoscope of, 16 Shahranguraz (Hurmuzd Shah- kept by Shirin, 16 ranguraz, Guraz q.v.), vii, Ashtad and Kharrad report 50 their interview with Khus- heads conspiracy against rau Parwiz to, 27 Guraz, 54 reproaches and summons Shalirbaraz (Guraz q.v.), Iranian Shirin, 36, 37 general, 43, 50 falls in love with Shirin, 39 rebellion of, 43, 44 grants Shirin's requests, 40, alliance of, with Heraclius,44 42 Shahr-Barz. See Shahrbaraz. poisoned, 42 Shahguraz (Shahrbaraz q.v.), 50 son of, 42 Shahrwaraz (Shahrbaraz q.v.), 50 length of reign of, 42 Shahryar, son of Shirin and Shu'ba Mughira, companion of Khusrau I^arwiz, 39 the Prophet, 69, 83 father of Yazdagird, 64 embassy of, 69, 82 Shamiran, stronghold north of Sikandar (Alexander the Great), Harat (?), 91, 94 Shah, 26 Shapiir, father of Piruz, 80 Siyah Chasm, slave of Farrukh- Shatt-al-Arab, the combined zad, 62 streams, of the Tigris and handmaid of Farruklizad Euphrates, 67 and, 62 Shirin, wife of Khusrau Parwiz, imprisoned, 62 vii, 28, 36 released, 62 Khusrau Parwiz and, 7 poisons Farrukhzad, 63 has charge of Shirwi's horo- Siyawush, son of Kai Kdus, 25 scope, 16 and note, 26 note. 103 Raja's letter, 17 Snakes = Arabs, 91 companions Khusrau Par- Siir, Siir^n, city near Ispahan, wiz in prison, 29 74. 89. 95. 97. 100, 1x6, reproached and summonetl 118 by Shirwi, 36 Svrian, 66 INDEX 133

Tauaki, historian, 4, 56, 61, u^, Vknus, planet, 26, 73 6y Victory of Victories, The, 69 Arabic, 4, 5, 7, 43, 50 Virgo, constellation, 71 Persian, 4, 5, 43, 70 Tabaristin (Mazandaran), 74 Table of Contents, vii Tahmuras, Shah, 2^ W Taisafiin (Ctesiphon), city on left bank of Tigris, g, 10, 90 Wakkas, father of Sa'ad Khusrau Parwi'z imprisoned q.v viii, 82, 90 at, 9 72, 78, Barbad visits Khusrau Par- wiz at, 29 Taraz, city north-east of T4sh- kand, 41 Taxation, Firdausi's exemption from, 121 Yalan-sina (Mardanshah q.v.), Theophanes, Greek Chronicler, 6 account of last days of Yazdagird, Shah, viii, 5, 61, 64 Khusrau Parwiz by, 6 seq., 68 seq., 72, 81, 90, Tigris, river, 67 101, 105, 106, 113, 115, Toll-house and ford of Zark, 100 116, 122 and note, 116 Era of, 64 Tukhar, Iranian general, taken for safety to Istakhr, refuses to help Piruz against 64 Gurdz, 48 age of, at accession, 65 Ti'ir, son of Fan'dun, 103 difficult position of, 65 Tiiran, 11, 89, 99 historical importance of Turk, Turks, 70, 96 seq., 105, 114, reign of, 65 117, 120 flight of, from Ctesiphon, 67 Turkish, 87 Hulwan, 68 Turkistdn, 15 last attempt of, to recover Turkman, Turkmans, 25, 76, 94 his empire, 68 king = Afrasiyab, 25 concentrates his forces at Ti'is, city in Khurdsan, viii, 90, Nahdvand, 68 95 defeated and a fugitive, 69 governor of, 92 death of, referred to, 69 host returns to, after Kdd- U isiya, 85 hears of Rustam's death, 85 'Umar, Khalifa, 66 seq., -jz, 76, quits Baghdad, 88 121 makes for Marv, 89 founds Basra, 67 entrusted to Mahwi by sends Hdshim in pursuit of Farrukhzdd, 95, 96 Yazdagird, G8 at Marv, 97, 1 16 Nu'man to fight Yazda- hears of the coming of the gird, 68 Turks, 97 Sa'ad to invade frdn, 72 betrayed by Mihwi, 98 Urmuzd, the Good Principle, 24 defeated, 98, 116 134 INDEX

Yazdagird, miller and, 99 seq. ZahhAk, an Aryan myth, 65 described, 99, 10 1 king of Babylon, 65 Mahwl bids miller slay, 107, an Arab, 65 116 Zal, son of Sam and father of slain, stripped and flung into Rustam, 25 stream, 108, 109 and note Zark, town south-east of Marv, corpse of, recovered, lam- 98 ented over and entombed, canal of, 98 109 seq. corpse of Yazdagird flung Firdausi on, m into, 109 recovered from. 109 ford and toll-house of, 100 and note chief of, 100 ZabulistAn, 75* hears from miller about Zahh4k, Shah, 25. 65, 103 Yazdagird, 109

•See p. 333 note. GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

C.—Macan's edition of the Shahndma L.—Liimsden's Do. P.—Mohl's do. T.—Tihrin do. v.—Vullers' do.

AM. The Voiage and Travayle of Sir John Maundeville, Knight

. . Ashton. . Edited ... by John

AS. The Shah Nameh cf . . Firdausi. Translated and abridged. ... By James Atkinson Esq. BAG. A History of Ancient Geography. By E. H. Bunbury F.R.G.S. BAN. A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights' Entertainments. ... By Richard F. Burton. BBR. Buddhist Records of the Western World. Tran^^latcd from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (A.D. 629). By Samuel Beal. BCM. The Chahir Maqala (" Four Disccurses ") of Nidhami-i- 'Arudi-i-Samarquandi. Translated into English by Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B. BGDF. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. A. By Edward Gibbon. Edited by J. B. Bury, M BHA. The History of Alexander the Great, being the Syriac Version of the Pseudo-Callisthenes. Edited . . . with an English Translation and Notes, by Ernest A. Walhs Budge, M.A. a BLEA. The Life and E.xploits of Alexander the Great, being Series of Translations of the Ethiopia Histories of M.A. Alexander. . . . By E. A. Wallis Budge, BLHP. A Literary History of Persia. By Edward G. Browne, M.A. B. BLRE. History of the Lower Roman Empire. By J. Bury. Bek- BPB. Photius : Bibliotheca. Ex Rccensione Immanuehs keri. CIG. Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum. CTC. Theophanis Chronographia. Ex Recensione loannis Classeni.

DAA. Arriani Anabasis . . . F. Diibner.

DAI. Arriani Indica . . . F. Dubner.

DEL J. Darmcstetcr, fitudes Iranicnnos. 135 136 GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

DFKHP. H'story cf the Parsis. By Dcsabliai Framji Karaka, C.S.I. DHA The History of Antiquity. From tlie German of Professor Max Duncker. By the late Evelyn Abbot, M.A. DZA. Professor Darmestcter's Trans, of the Zandavasta in the Sacred Books of the East. Reference to Parts ' and pages. EHI. The History of India as told by its own Historians. By Sir H. M. Elliot, K.C.B. EP. Eastern Persia, an Account of the Journeys ci the Persian Boundary Commission, 1870-71-72. GDF. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Py Edward Gibbon, Esq. With Notes by Dean Milman and M. Guizot. Edited, with additional Notes, by William Smith, L.L.D.

GH. The Land of the Hittites. . . . By John Garstang, D.Sc. GHP. Histoire des Perses par le Comtc de Gobineau. GIP. Grundriss der Iranischen Philologie. GKS. Kleine Schriften von Alfred von Gutschmid.

GYZ. Geiger : Das Yatkar-i Zariran und sein Verhaltniss zum Sahnime. Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-philolo- gischen und historischen Classe der k.b. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Miinchen. j8go. Bd. II. Heft I. P- 43- HAP. History of Art in Persia from the French of Georges Perrot and Charles Chipiez. HB. The Country of Balochistan. ... By A. W. Hughes, F.R.G.S. HEP. Essays on the Sacred Language, Writing and Religion of the Parsis. By Martin Haug, Ph. D. Edited and enlarged by E. W. West. Ph. D. HIE. The' Indian Empire. By W. W. Hunter, C.S.I., CLE., L.L.D. HLP. The Legend of Perseus. By E. S. Hartland. HQC. Q. Curtius Rufus . . . ed. Edmundus Hedicke.

HRVP. Vetcrum Persarum . . . Religionis Histoiia. Ed. 2nd. By Thomas Hyde. HS. Syntagma Dissertationum quas olim auctor doctissimus Thomas Hyde S.T.P. separatim edidit. JFB. The earliest English version of the Fables of Bidpai . . . now again edited and induced by Joseph Jacobs. JP. Persia Past and Present, by Professor A. V. Williams Jackson. JRGS. The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. JZ. Zoroaster. By A. V. Williams Jackson. KA. Asia. By A. H. Keane, F.R.G.S. KUR. Kitab-i-Yamini of Al Utbi. Translated by the Rev. James Reynolds, B.A. LAN. The Arabian Nights' Entertainments. A New Translation from the Arabic. ... By Edward William Lane. LEG. The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. By G. Le Strange.

»The second edition of Part I. is referred to unless otherwise specified. GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 137

LPC. A View of the History and Coinage of the Parthians. By Jolin I.inilsay. Esq.

MA. Ak'-KaiKhu Ic Grami . . . Par Paul Meyer. MCAI. Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian. ... By J. W. M'Crindle, M.A. MCI. The Invasion of India by Alexander the Great. . . . By J. W. M'Crindle, M. A. . . . New Edition. MP. Reliqua Arriani et Scriptorum dc rebus Alexanflri M. Fragmenta collegit . . . Carolus Miillcr. MGN. Narrative of a Journey through the Province of Khorassan, etc. By Colonel C. M. MacGrcgor, C.S.I., CLE. MHP. History of Persia. By Sir John Malcolm, G.C.B. MLM. The Life of Muhammad. By William Muir, Esq.

MM. Ma^oudi : Les Prairies d'Or. Texte et traduction par C Barbier dc Mcynard et Pavet de Courteillc. MPC. Pseudo-Callisthcnes, primum edidit Carolus MuUerus. MS J P. A Second Journey through Persia, etc. By James Morier Esq. MZA. Rev. L. H. Mills' Trans, of the Zandavasta in the Sacred Books of the East. Reference to Part and pages. NAR. Beitrage zur Gcschichte des Alexanderromans, von Prof.

Dr. Th. Noldeke in Denkschriften der . . . Akademie

der Wissenschaften . . . Wien, 1890. NIN. Das Iranische Nationalepos von Theodor Noldeke. NK. Geschichte des Artachsir i Papakan aus dem Pellewi iiber-

setzt . . . von Th. Noldeke.

NPS. Noldeke : Persische Studien. II. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. CXXVI. Band. NSEH. Sketches from Eastern History. By Theodor Noldeke. English Translation. NT. Geschichte der Perser und Araber zur Zeit der Sasaniden

. . . von Th. Noldeke. OHS. The History of the Saracens. By Simon Ockley. Fourth Edition. RFGM. The Five Great Monarchies of the Ancient Eastern World. By George Rawlinson, M.A. RII. The History of Herodotus. ... By George Rawlinson, M.A. well. RK. The Koran translated from the Arabic. By J. M. Rod Second Edition. RM. [In Vols. Ill and IV) The Mahibharata translated into English Prose [hy Kisari Mohan Ganguli). Published by Pratapa Chandra Rai, CLE.

of . . {Elsewhere) The Rauzat-us-safa ; or. Garden Purity.

. . . . . YL. Rchatsek. By . Mirkhond Translated by RP. {In Vols. I and V) Records of the Past. First Series. (Elsewhere) Professor Rawlinson's Parthia in the Story of the Nations' Series. I3« GENERAL LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

RPNS. Records of the Past. Second Series. RSM. The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy. By George Raw- linson, M.A.

SAC. The Chronology of Ancient Nations ... of Albfruni . . . translated ... by Dr. C. Edward Sachau. " " SHC. The Higher Criticism and the Verdict of the Monu- ments. By the Rev. A. H. Sayce. SK. The Koran . . . Translated ... by George Sale, Gent. SM. History of the Early Kings of Persia . . . Translated from the original . . . Persian of Mirkhond ... by David Shea.

SP. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea . . . Translated from the Greek and annotated by Wilfrid H. Schoff, A.M. STD. The Dabistan . . . Translated ... by David Shea and Anthony Troyer. WLS. In the Land of the Lion and Sun ... By C. J. Wills. M.D. WPR. The Parsi Religion. By John Wilson. WPT. Dr. E. W. West's Trans, of the Pahlavi Texts in the Sacred Books of the East. Reference to Parts and pages.

YMP. The Book of Sir Marco Polo . . . newly translated. . . . By Colonel Henry Yule, C.B. ZT. Chronique de Abou-Djafar-Mo'hammed-Ben-Djarii-Ben-

Yezid Tabari, traduite . . . Par M. Hermann Zotenburg. GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME I Vol. I PAor. vii Preface . INTRODUCTION Chapter I.—Land and People 3 Chapter II.—Poet and Poem 23 Chapter III.—Text and Translation 76

List of previous Translators 87 Ancient Persian Calendar 88 Genealogical Tables 90 Abbreviations 93

Note on Pronunciation . 95 THE SHAhnAma The Prelude— SECT. 1. Invocation 100 2. Discourse in Praise of Wisdom lOI 102 3. Of the Making of the World 4. Of the Nature of Man 104 Of the Nature of the Sun . 105

6. Of the Nature of the Moon . 105 his 106 7. In Praise of the Prophet and Companions 8. On the Compilation of the Sh4hn4ma 108 9. Of the Poet Dakiki . 109 10. How the present Book was begun 109 11. In Praise of Abu Mansiir, Son of Muhammad no 12. In Praise of Sultdn Mahmud 112

THE BEGINNING OF THE HISTORY : THE PISHDADIAN DYNASTY GaiiJmart— 1. The Greatness of Gaiumart and the Envy of

Ahriman . . . . . • .118 2. How Siyamak was slain by the Dfv . . .120 to the 3. How Hiishang and Gaiumart went fight Black Div 121

139 140 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

HiJSHANG Vol 1 SKCT. PAGE 1. The Accession of Hushang and his civilising Arts 122 2. How the Feast of Sada was founded 123

Tahmukas- I. Tahmuras ascends the Throne, invents new Arts, subdues the Divs, and dies .... 126

Jamshid— I. The Greatness and Fall of Jamshid 2. The Story of Zahhak and his Father . 135 3- How Iblis turned Cook .... 137 4- How the Fortunes of Jamshid went to Wrack 139 Zahhak— The evil Customs of Zahhak and the Device of Irma'il and Karma'il .... How Zahhak saw Faridiin in a Dream . 147 The Birth of Faridiin .... How Faridiin questioned his Mother about his Origin ...... 5- Tha Story of Zahhak and K4wa the Smith . 154

6. How Faridiin went to Battle with Zahhak . 7- How Faridiin saw the Sisters of Jamshid 161 The Story of Faridiin and the Minister of Zahhak 164 How Faridiin bound Zahhak •166

FARfoiiN-

I. . How Faridiin ascended the Throne . .174 2. How Faridiin sent Jandal to Yaman . . .177 3- How the King of Yaman answered Jandal . . 181 4- How the Sons of Faridiin went to the King of Yaman ...... 183 5- How Sarv proved the Sons of Faridun by Sorcery. 184 6. How Faridun made Trial of his Sons . . .186 7- How Faridun divided the World among his Sons . 189 8. How Salm grew envious of fraj . . . .189 9- How Salm and Tiir sent a Message to Faridun . 191 10. How Faridun made Answer to his Sons . . 193 II. How fraj went to his Brothers . . . .197 12. How fraj was slain by his Brothers . . . 199 13- How Faridiin received Tidings of the Murder of fraj ...... 202 14. How a Daughter was born to fraj . . . 205 15- The Birth of Miniichihr ..... 206 16. How Salm and Tiir had Tidings of Miniichihr . 208 17- How Faridun received his Sons' Message . . 209

18. How Faridun made Answer to his Sons . . 211 19. How Faridun sent Miniichihr to fight Tiir and Salm 215

20. How Miniichihr attacked the Host of Tiir . .218 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 141

FARfDiJN {continued) Vol. I. SECT PAGE 21. How Tiir was slain by IMinucliihr 220 22. How Mini'ichihr wrote to announce his Victory to Faridiin ...... 221 23. How Karan took tlic Castle of the Alans . . 223 24. How Kakwi, the Grandson of Zahhak, attacked the franians ...... 225 25. How Salm fled and was slain by Minuchihr . . 227 26. How the Head of Salm was sent to Fan'dun . . 229 27. The Death of Faridiin ..... 232

MiNUCHIHK—- 1. How Minuchihr ascended the Throne and made an Oration ...... 237 2. The Birth of Zal ...... 239 3. How Sam had a Dream touching the Case of his Son 243 4. How Miniichihr took Knowledge of the Case of Sam and Zal ...... 248 5. How Zal went back to Zabulistan . . .251 6. How Sam gave the Kingdom to Zal . . . 253 7. How Zal visited Mihrab of Kabul . . . 256 8. How Riidaba took Counsel with her Damsels . 259

9. How Rudaba's Damsels went to see Zal . . 263

10. How the Damsels returned to Riidaba. . . 267 11. How Zal went to Riidaba . . . . .270 12. How Z41 consulted the Archimages in the Matter of Riiddba ...... 273 13. How Zal wrote to Sam to explain the Case . . 275 14. How Sam consulted the Archmages in the Matter of Zal 278 15. How Sindukht heard of the Case of Riidaba . . 280 16. How Mihrab was made aware of his Daughter's Case ...... 284 17. How Minuchihr heard of the Case of Zal and Riiddba 288 18. How Sam came to Miniichihr .... 289 19. How S4m went to fight Mihrab .... 292 20. How Zal went on a Mission to Miniichihr . . 295

21. How Mihrab was wroth with Sindukht . . 299 22. How Sam comforted Sindukht .... 301 23. How Z41 came to Minuchihr with Sam's Letter . 306 24. How the Archmages questioned Zal . . . 308 25. How Zal answered the Archmages . . . 309 26. How Zal displayed his Accomplish ;nent before Minuchihr ...... -311 27. Miniichihr's Answer to SAm's Letter . . .314 28. How Zal came to Sim . . . . .316 29. The Story of the JMrth of Rustam . . . 320 30. How Sdm came to see Rustam .... 324 31. How Rustam slew the White Elephant . . 327 142 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

MintJciiihr {continued) Vol.. I. SECT PAGE How Rustam went to Mount Sipand . . . 330 33- How Rustam wrote a Letter announcing his Victory to Zal ...... 332 34- The Letter of Zal to Sam ..... 334 35- Miniichihr's last Counsels to his Son . . . 335 Naudar—

I. How Naudar succeeded to the Throne . 339 2. How Pashang heard of the Death of Miniichihr 342 3- How Afrdsiyab came to the Land of fran 345 4- How Barman and Kubad fought together and how Kubad was slain ..... 346 How Afrdsiyab fought with Naudar the second Time ...... 350 6. How Naudar fought with AfrAsiyab the third Time 352 7- How Naudar was taken by Afrasiyab . 355 8. How Wisa found his Son that had been slain 356 9- How Shamasas and Khazarwan invaded Zabu- Iist4n ...... 358 10. How Zal came to help Mihr^b .... 359 II. How Naudar was slain by Afrasiyab . 362 12. How Zal had Tidings of the Death of Naudar 364 13- How Ighriras was slain by his Brother . 367 Zav-

I . Zav is elected Shah 370

GarshAsp- I. How Garshisp succeeded to the Throne and died, and how Afrasiyab invaded fran . 374 2. How Rustam caught Rakhsh .... 378 3- How Zal led the Host against Afrasiyab 381 4- How Rustam brought Kai Kubad from Mount Alburz ...... 382 Index 389 VOLUME n PAGE Genealogical Tables 3 Abbreviations. 5 Note on Pronunciation 6 THE KAIANIAN dynasty Kai KubAd— SECT page I. How Kai Kubdd ascended the Throne and warred against Turin .... II 2. How Rustam fought with Afrasiyab . 13 3. How Afrasiydb came to his Fatlior 16 18 4. How l^vshang sued to Kai Kubad for Peace 5. How Kai Kubad came to Istakhr of Pdrs 22 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 143

Kai KAxJs— Vol. II Part I. The War with MAzandarAn— SICCT. PAGE 1. The Prelude 29 2. How K4us sat upon the Throne and was tempted to invade Mazandardn ..... 30 to Kaiis 3. How Z41 gave Counsel .... 36 4. How Kdiis went to Mazandaran . ... 38 5. The Message of Kai Kaus to Zal and Rustam . 42

The Seven Courses of Rustam— 6. The First Course. How Rakhsh fouglit with a Lion ...... 44 7. The Second Course. How Rustam found a Spring 46 8. The Third Course. How Rustam fought with a Dragon ...... 48 9. The Fourth Course. How Rustam slew a Witch . 50 10. The Fifth Course. How Rustam took IJlad cap- tive ...... 52 11. The Sixth Course. How Rustam fought with the Di'v Arzhang ...... 57 12. The Seventh Course. How Rustam slew the White Div 59 13. How Kaiis wrote to the King of Mazandardn . 63 14. How Rustam went on an Embassy to the King of MAzandaran ...... 66 15. How Kkus fought with the King of Mdzandaran . 70 16. How Kiiis returned to the Land of trkn and fare- welled Rustam ...... 76

Part II. The Doings of Kai Kaus in the Land OF BarbaristAn and other Tales— 1. How Kai Kaus warred with the King of Hama- var^n ...... 82 2. How Kdiis asked to Wife Suddba, the Daughter

• of the King of Hdmavaran . . . 86 3. How the King of Hamavaran made Kaiis Prisoner 88 4. How Afrasiyab invaded the Land of fran . . 91 5. How Rustam sent a Message to the King of Ham- avaran ...... 93 6. How Rustam fought with Three Kings and deliv- ered Kaus ...... 95 7. How Kaiis sent a Message to Afrasiyab . . 98 8. How Kdiis ordered the World .... loi 9. How Kaiis beguiled by Iblis ascended the Sky . 102 10. How Rustam brought back Kaiis . . • 104

The Story of the Fight of the Seven Warriors— 11. How Rustam went with the Seven Warriors to the Hunting-ground of Afr^iyAb . . . 107 12. How Rustam fought with the Turanians . .HI 144 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

Kai Kaus— Part II. The Story of the Fight of the Seven Warriors {continued) — Vol. II SKCT. PAGE ^ 13. How Pi'lsam fought with the Iranians . . .112

14. How Afrasiyab fled from the Battlefield . . ii6

Part III. Suhrab— 1. The Prelude ...... 119 2. How Rustam went to the Chace. 120

3. How Rustam came to the City of Samyngan I 22 4. How Tahmina, the Daughter of the King of Samai gan, came to Rustam .... 123 5. The Birth of Suhrab. .... 126 6. How Suhrab chose his Charger . 127 7. How Afrasiyab sent Barmdn and Human to Suhrji 129 8. How Suhrab came to White Castle 131 9- How Suhrab fought with Gurdafn'd 132 10. The Letter of Gazhdaham to Kaiis 136 II. How Suhrab took White Castle . '37 12. How Kaiis wrote to Rustam and summoned him from Zabulistan ..... 138 13- How Kaiis was wroth with Rustam T42 14 How Kaiis and Rustam led forth the Host . 148 15- How Rustam slew Zhanda Razm U9 16. How Suhrab asked Haji'r the Names of the Chiets of fran ...... 152 17- How Suhrab attacked the Army of Kaiis 159 18. How Rustam fought with Suhrab Ib2 19. How Rustam and Suhrab returned to Camp. 165 20. How Suhrab overthrew Rustam. 168 21. How Suhrab was slain by Rustam 172 22. How Rustam asked Kaiis for an Elixir . 177 23- How Rustam lamented for Suhrab 179

24. How Rustam returned lo Zabulistan . 182 25- How Suhrab's Mother received the Tidings oi hi Death 184

Part IV. The Story of SiyAwush—• 1. The Prelude ..... 191 2. The Story of the Mother of Siyawush . 193 3. The Birth of Siyawush 195 4. How Siyawush arrived from Zabulistan 197 3. The Death of the Mother of Siyawush. 199 6. How Siidaba fell in Love with Siyciwush 200 7. How Siydwush visited Siidaba . 202 8. How Siydwush visited the Bower the second Time 206 9. How Siyawush visited the Bower the third Time 210 10. How Siidaba beguiled Kdiis .... 21 1 11. How Siidiba and a Sorceress devised a Scheme 214 12. How KAiis inquired into the Matter of the Babes . 2»5 13. How Siyawush passed through the Fire 218 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS M5 K\i Kaus— Part IV. The Story of Siyawush (continued) — Vol. U SECT. I'AGE 14. How Siyawush begged Si'idaba's L'fe of liis Father 222 15- How Kaus hoard of the Coming of Afrasiyab 224 16. How Siy4wush led forth the Host 226

17- The Letter of Siyawush to Kai Kaus . 229 18. The Answer of Kai Kaus to the Letter of Siyawu 230 19. How Afr4siy4b had a Dream and was afraid . 232 20. How AfrAsiydb inquired of the Sages concerning his Dream ...... 21. How Afrasiyab took Counsel with the Nobles 22. How Garsiwaz came to Siyawush 238 23. How Siyawush made a Treaty with Afrasiydb 239 24. How Siyawush sent Rustam to Kaus 242 25. How Rustam gave the Message to Kaus 243 26. How Kaiis sent Rustam to Sistan 246 27. The Answer of Kaus to the Letter of Siyawush 247 28. How Siyawush took Counsel with Ba hram and Zang 249 29. How Zanga went to Afrasiyab . 232 30. How Afrasiyab wrote to Siyawush 255 31. How Siyawush gave up the Host to Rahram . 257 32. The Interview ot Siyawush with Afrasiyab . 261 33. How Siyawush displayed his Prowess belC'ie Afrasiyab ..... 263 34. How Afrasiyab and Siyawush went to the Chase 267 35. How Piran gave his Daughter to Siyawush . 268 36. How Piran spake to Siyawush about Farangfs 270 37. How Piran spake with Afrasiyab 272 38. The Wedding of Farangis and Siyawush 274 39. How Afrasiyab bestowed a Province on Siyawush 276 40. How Siyawush built Gang-dizh 279 41. How Siyawush discoursed with Piran about the Future ...... 282 42. How Afrasiyab sent Piran into the Provinces 285 43. How Siyawush built Siyawushgird 285 44. How Piran visited Siyawushgird 287 45. How Afrasiyab sent Garsiwaz to SiyAwush . 289 46. The Birth of Farud, the Son of Siyawush 291 47. How Siyawush played at Polo 292 48. How Garsiwaz returned and spake Evil before Afrasiyab ...... 296 49. How Garsiwaz returned to Siyiwush . 301 50. The Letter of Siyawush to Afrasiyab . 306 51. How AfrAsiyib came to fight witli SiyAwush 307 52. How Siyawush had a Dream 308 53. The Parting Words of Siyawush to Farangfs. 310 54. How Siyawush was taken by .Vfrasiyib 312 55. How Farangis bewailed herself before Afrdsiydb 317 56. How Siyawush was slain by Gurwi 320 57. How Piran saved Farangis 323

VOL. l.X 146 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Kai Kaus— Part IV. The Story of Siyawush [continued) —- Vol. II SECT. PAGE 58. The Birth of Kai Khusrau .... 325 59. How Piran entrusted Kai Khusrau to the Shep- herds ...... 328 60. How Piran brought Kai Khusrau before AfrasiyAb 330 61. How Kai Khusrau went to Siyawushgird . . 333 Part V. How Rustam avenged Siyawush and how Giv BROUGHT Kai Khusrau to TrAn—

1. Firdausi's Lament over his old Age . . . 336 2. How Kaiis heard of the Case of SiyAwush . . 337 3. How Rustam came to Kaiis .... 338 4. How Rustam slew Sudaba and led forth the Host. 340 5. How Faramarz slew Warazad . . . .341 6. How Surkha led his Troops to fight with Rustam . 344 his 7. How Afrasiyab led forth the Host to avenge Son ...... 348 8. How Pilsam was slain by Rustam . . . 350 g. How Afrasiyab fied from Rustam . . . 353 10. How AfrAsiyab sent Khusrau to Khutan . . 355 11. How Rustam reigned over Turan for Seven Years. 357 12. How Zawara went to the Hunting-ground of Siyawush ...... 339 13- How Rustam harried the Land of Tiiran 360

14. How Rustam returned to fran . 361 15- How Giidarz had a Dream of Kai Khusrau . 363 16. How Giv went to Tiiran in Quest of Kai Khusrau 365 17- The Finding of Kai Khusrau 369 18. How Giv and Kai Khusrau went to Siyawushgird 373 19. How Kai Khijsrau won Bihzad . 374 20. How Farangis went with Kai Khusrau and Giv to fran ...... 377 21. How Kulbad and Nastihan fled from (jiv 378 22. How Piran pursued Kai Khusrau 380

23- How Pi'rAn contended with Giv . 382 24. How Piran was taken by Giv 385 25- How Farangis delivered Piran from Giv 386 26. How Afrasiyab found I'iran on the Way 388 27. How Giv disputed with the Toll-man . 390 28. How Kai Khusrau crossed the Jihun . 392 29. How Kai Khusrau came to Ispahan 394 30- How Kai Khusrau came to Kaiis 397

31- How Tiis refused Allegiance to Kai Khusrau . 399 32. How Giidarz was wroth with Tiis 402 a- How Gudarz and Tiis went before Kaiis on th Matter of the Kingship 403 34- How Tiis and FarAmarz went to the Castle of Bahman and came back foiled 405 35- How Kai Khusrau went to the Castle of Bahman and took it ..... 40O GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS M7 Kai Kaus— Part V. How Rustam Avenged Siyawush, etc. {continued) — Vol. II SECT. P.^OK

How Keii Khusrau returned in . 36. Triumph . 409 37. How Kdiis set Khusrau upon the Throne of King- ship 411 Index 4'3 VOLUME HI I'AGK Abbreviations. 3 Note on Pronunciation

THE KAIANIAN DYNASTY [contimied) Kai Khusrau— Part I. How Kai Khusrau, to avenge Siyawush, SENT A Host against Tur.4n— SECT. 1. The Prelude ...... 15 2. How the Nobles did Homage to Kei Khusrau 17 3. How Kai Khusrau made a Progress through his Realm ...... 19 4. How Kai Khusrau sware to Kai Kaus to trike Vengeance on Afrasivab .... 20 Kai 5. How Khusrau numbered the Paladins . 24 6. How Kai Khusrau bestowed Treasures on the Paladins ...... 26 7. How Kai Khusrau sent Rustam to the land ot Hind 30 8. How Kai Khusrau reviewed the Host . 31 The Story of Farud the Son of Siyawush— The 9. Prelude ...... 37 10. How Tus went to Turkistan 38 11. How Faruil heard of the Coming of Tiis 41 iz. How Fan'id and Tukhar went to view the Host 44 13. How Bahram came to h'arud upon the Mountain 47 14. How IJaliram went back to Tus 51 How Rivniz was slain by Farud 52 16. tlow Zarasp was slain by Farud 53 How Tiis fought with Farud 54 i8. How Gi'v fought with Farud 57 19- How Bizhan fought with Fariid . bi 20. How Fariid was slain .... 62 21. How Jarira slew herself .... 66 How Tus led the Host to the Kdsa Riid, and how ralashan was slain by Bizhan 68 the ^3- How frAnians suffered in a Snowstorm . 71 24. How I3ahr4m captured Kabuda 73 the How franiaus foufijht with Tazhav 75 26. How Afrasiyab iiad Tidings of Tiis and his Host 78 14^ GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Kai Khusrau— The Story of Farud the Son of Siyawush {continued) — Vol III SECT.

27. How Piran made a Night-attack on the franians . 28. How Kai Khusrau recalled Tiis

29. How Fariburz asked a Truce of Piran . 30. How the Iranians were defeated by the Turkmans. 31. How Bahram returned to look for his Whip upon the Battlefield ..... 32. How Bahram was slain by Tazhav 33. How Gfv slew Tazhav in revenge for Bahram 34. How the franians went back to Khusrau Part H. The story of Kamus of Kash.4n— 1. The Prelude ..... 2. How Khusrau reviled Tiis

3. How Khusrau pardoned the Iranians . 4. How Khusrau sent Tiis to Tiiran 5. The Message of Piran to the Army of fran 6. How Afrasiyab sent an Army to Piran. 7. How Tiis slew Arzhang How Human fought with Tiis 9. How the franians and Turanians fought the second Time ...... 10. How the Turanians used Sorcery against the Host of fran ...... 11. How the franians retreated to Mount Hamawan 12. How the Host of Tiiran beleaguered Mount Hamiwan ..... 13. Hov/ Piran went in Pursuit of the franians to Mount Hamawan .... 14. How the franians made a Night-attack 15. How Kai Khusrau had Tidings of his Host . 16. How Fariburz asked to Wife Farangis, the Mother of Kai Khusrau .... 17. How Tiis saw Siyawush in a Dream 18. How Afrasiyab sent the Khan and Kamiis to help Piran ...... 19. How the Khan of Chin came to ?Iamawan

20. How the franians took Counsel how to act . 21. How Giidarz had Tidings of the Coming of Rustam 22. How the Khan of Chin went to reconnoitre the Army of fran ...... 23. How Fariburz reached Mount Hamawan 24. How Piran took Counsel with the Khan of Chin 25. How Giv and Tiis fought with Kamiis. 26. The Coming of Rustam ..... 27. How the franians and Turanians arrayed their Hosts ...... 28. How Rustam fought with Ashkabiis GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 149 K\i KnusKAU— Part II. The Story or Kamus of Kashan {continued)— Vo L III SKLT TACK How Pi'raii held Converse coiictrniiig the Coming of Kiistam 182 30. How the franians and Turanians set the Battle in Array ...... 185 31. How Aiwa was slain by Kamus . . . . 187 32. How Kdmiis was slain by Rustam 188 Part III. The Story of Rustam and the Khan of Chin— I. How the Kh4n of Chin had Tidings of the Slaying of Kamus ...... 192 2. How Chingish fared with Rustam 194 3. How the Khan of Chin sent Human to Rustam 196 4. How Pirdn took Counsel with Human and the Khan 199 5. How Piran came to Rustam 201 6. How the Turanians took Counsel for Battle with the Iranians 206 7. How Rustam harangued his Troops 211 8. How the Iranians and Turanians set the Battle in Array ...... Q. How Rustam reproached Piran . 217 10. How the Battle was joined 219 II. How Shangul fought with Rustam and fled . 221 12. How Rustam fought with Sawa. 223 13. How Rustam slew Gahar of Gahan 224 14. How the Khan was taken Prisoner 227 15. How the Host of the Turanians was defeated 230 16. How Rustam divided the Spoil . 232 17. How Rustam wrote a Letter to Kai Khusrau 237 18. How Kai Khusrau made Answer to Rustam' Letter 239 19. How Afrasiyab had Tidings of the Case of his Army ...... 241 20. How Rustam fought with Kafiir the Man-eater 243 21. How Afrasiy4b had Tidings of the Coming of Rustam ...... 249 22. Afrasiyab's Letter to Puladwand

23. How Puladwand fought with Civ and Tiis . 257 24. How Rustam fought with Puladwand . 259 25. The Wrestling of Rustam and Puladwand . 262 26. How Afrasiyab fled from Rustam 265 27. How Rustam returned to the Court of the Shdh 267 28. How Rustam went back to Sistdn 269

Part IV. The Story of the Fight of Rustam WITH the Div Akw.vn— I. Prelude ...... 272 I50 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

K.M Khusrau— Vol. Ill Part IV. The Story of the Fight of Rustam etc. {continued) — SECT. PAGIC 2. How Kliusrau summoned Rustam to fight tlie Di'v Akwan .... 273 3. How Rustam went in Quest of the Div 275 How the DiV Akwan flung Rustam into the Sea 276 How Afrasiyab came tc inspect his Steeds, and how Rustam slew the Dlv Akwan . 279

How Rustam went back to the Land of fran . 281

Part V. The Story of Bizhan and Manizha— 1. The Prelude 287 2. How the Irmanians appealed to Khusrau . . 289 3. How Bizhan went to fight the wild Boars . . 292 4. How Gurgi'n beguiled Bizhan .... 294 5. How Bizhan went to see Manizha, Daughter of Afrasiyab ...... 296 6. How Bizhan went to the Tent of Manizha . . 298

7. How Manizha carried off Bizhan to her Palace . 299 8. How Garsiwaz brought Bizhan before Afrasiyab . 301 9. How Piran begged Bizhan's Life from Afrasiyab . 305 10. How Afrasiyab put Bizhan in Ward . . . 309 ir. How Gurgin returned to fran and lied about Bizhan 310 12. How Giv brought C-urgin before Khusrau . • 315 13. How Kai Khusrau saw Bizhan in the Cup that showed the World . . . . .318 14. 'How Khusrau wrote a Letter to Rustam . . 319 15. How Giv bore the Letter of Kai Ivhusrau to

Rustam ...... 321 16. How Rustam made a Feast for Giv . . . 324 17. How Rustam came to Khusrau . . . .326 18. How Ivai Khusrau held Feast with the Paladins . 329 19. How Rustam made Petition for Gurgin to the Shah 331 20. How Rustam equipped his Escort . . . 333 21. How Rustam went to the City of Khutan to Piran 334 22. How Manizha came before Rustam . . . 337 23. How Bizhan heard of the Coming of Rustam . 340 24. How Rustam took Bizhan out of the Pit . . 344 25. How Rustam attacked the Palace of Afrasiyab by Night 347 26. How Afrasiyab went to fight with Rustam . . 349 27. How Afrasiyab was defeated by the Iranians . 351 28. How Rustam returned to Kai Khusrau . . 353

29. How Kai Khusrau made a Feast. . . . 355 Index 359 VOLUME IV page Abbreviations. 3 Note on Pronunciation 4 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 151

Til !•: K \ I A X I A \ DYNASTY (roiitiuued) Vol IV

Kai Khusrau {coil till tied) —

Part \I. Tiii£ Uattle ok tiii-; Twelve Rukiis— sia-T. ACK 1. The Prelude ...... 2. How Afrasiyab called together his Host 10 3. How Kid Khusrau sent (a'ldarz to fit^Iit the Ti'ir 4nians ...... 12 4. How Giv was made the Bearer of Ovcituics from Giidarz to Pi'ran ..... 16 5. How Giv visited Piran at W'isagirtl 19 6. The Arraying of the Hosts. 22 7. How Bi'zhan went to Giv to urge him to fight 26 8. How Human asked Piran for I^eave to fight . 29 9. How Human challenged Riihham 31 10. How Human challenged Fariburz 34 11. How Human challenged Gudarz. 35 12. How I^izhan heard of the Doings of Human. 39 13. How Giv g^ve the Mail of Siyawush to Bizhan 44

14. How Human came to battle with Bizhan .. 47 15. How Human was slain by Bizhan 49 16. How Xastihan made a Night-attack and was slaii 53 17. How Gudarz asked aid of Khusrau 56 18. The Answer of Khusrau to the letter of Gudarz 5S 19. How Khusrau arrayed the Host. 61

20. How Piran wrote to Gudarz Son of Kishwad . 63

2 1 . The Answer of Gudarz to the Letter of Piran . 68 22. How Piran asked Succour from Afrasiyab 75 23. The Answer of Afrasiyab to the Letter of Piian 78 24. How the Iranians and Turanians fought a pitclie: Battle 81 25. How Giv fought with Piran and how Giv's Horse jibbed ...... 84 26. How Gudarz and Piran arranged a Battle of Eleven Rukhs ..... 88 27. How Pir4n harangued his Men of Name 93 28. How Gudarz and Piran chose the Warriors for Ih Battle of the Eleven Rukhs 95 29. How Fariburz fought with Kulbad 99 30. How Giv fought with Gurwi 99 31. How Guraza fought with Siyamak 100 32. How I'uruhil fought with Zangula lOI 33. How Ruhham fought with Barmin 102 34. How Bizhan fought with Ruin . 102 35. How Hajir fought with Sipahram 103 36. How Gurgin fought with .Andariman . 104 37. How Barta fought with Kuhram 105 38. How Zanga, Son of Shiwarin, fought with .\khAst 105 39. How Gudarz fought with I'irdn . . . . 106 152 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Kai Khusrau— Vor.. IV Part VI. The Battle of the Twelve Rukhs {continued) — SECT. PAGE 40. How Gudarz returned to the Warriors of Iran . 109 41. How Lahhak and Farshidward bewailed Pi'ran . 112 42. How Lahhak and Farshidward took the Road to Tiiran ...... 115 43- How Ciustaham pursued Fahhak and Farshidward 1 1 7 44. How Bi'zhan followed after Gustaham . . . iiy 45- How Lahhak and Farshidward were slain by Gusta-

ham ...... 121

46. How Bizhan beheld (iustaham in the Mead . .123 47- How Kai Khusrau built a Charnel-house for Piran and for thf other Chiefs of Tiiran, and how he

slew Gurwi the Son of Zira . . . .126 48. How the Turanians asked Quarter of Kai Khusrau 129 49. How Bizhan returned with Gustaham. . . 132

Part VII. The Great War of Kai Khusrau with Afrasiyab— I. In Praise of Sultan Mahmiid 139 2. How Kai Khusrau arrayed his Host against Afrasiyab ...... 145 How Afrasiyab heard that Piran was slain and that Kai Khusrau had arrayed his Host. 150 4- How Kai Khusrau had Tidings that Afrasiyab advanced to fight with him. 157 5. How Shida came before his Father Afrasiyab 158 6. How Afrasiyab sent an Embassage to Kai Khusrau 161 7. How Kai Khusrau sent an Answer to Afrasiyab 168 8. How Kai Khusrau fought with Shida the Son Afrasiyab ...... 171 9- How Shida was slain by Khusrau 175 10. How the Ba,ttle was joined between the Hosts 177 II. How Afrasiyab fled ..... i>^3 12. How Kai Khusrau announced his Victory to Kaiis 185 13- How Afrasiyab went to Gang-bihisht 186 14. How Khusrau crossed the Jihiin 187 15. How Kai Khusrau fought with Afrasiyab the second Time ..... lyo 16. How Afrasiyab took Refuge in Gang-bihisht 193 17. The Letter of Afrasiy4b to the Faghfur of Chin 196 18. How Kai Khusrau arrived before Gang-bihisht 198 19. How Jahn came to Kai Khusrau with an Embas sage from Afrasiyab . 200 20. How Kai Khusrau made Answer to Jahn 204 21. How Kai Khusrau fought with Afrasiyab and took Gang-bihisht .... 207 22. How Afr^siyib fled from Gang-bihisht 21 I 23. How Kai Khusrau gave Quarter to the Family of Afrasiyab ...... 212 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 153

K \l KlIUSRAU—

Takt \"II. The Gkeat Wau, etc. {continued) — Vol . IV .vr.K 24. How Kai Kliiisiau exhorted the Iranians 216 25. How Kai Kluisrau wrote a Letter with tlic News of his Victory to Kai Kai'is .... 217 26. How Kai Khusrau had Tidings of tlie Coming of Afrdsiyab with the Host of the Faghfur. 219 27. The Message of .Vfrasiyiib to Kai Khusran . ,221 28. How the Iranians antl Turanians fc^tight 223 29. How AfrasiyAb made a Night-attack upon K'ai Khusrau and was def:;ated .... 224 30. How the Faghfur of Chin sent an Envoy to Kai Khusrau ...... 229 31. How Afrasiyab crossed the Sea .... 230 32. How Kai Khusrau sent the Prisoners and Tieasure to Kai'is with a Letter ..... 232 33. The Answer of Shah Kaiis to the Letter of Khusiau 34. The Embassage of Kai Khusrau to the Faghfur of Chin and the King of Makran 238 35. How Kai Khusrau fought with the Iving of Makran and how the King of Makran was slain 241 36. How Kai Khusrau crossed the Sea 37. How Kai Khusrau reached Gang-dizh. 247 38. How Kai Khusrau returned from Gang-dizh to Siyawushgird .... 250 39. How Ivai Khusrau returned from Ti'iran to the Land of Iran ..... 40. How Kai Khusrau returned to his Grandsire 256 41. How Afrasiyab was captured by Hum of the Race of r'aridun ..... 259 42. How Afrasiyab escaped from Hum 261 43. How Kaus and Kluisrau came to Hum 264 44. How Afrasiyab was taken the second Time and how he and Garsi'waz were slain . 266 45. How Kaus and Khusrau returned to Pars 269 46. The Death of Kai Kaus 270 47. How Kai Khusrau fell into Melancholy 272 48. How the Nobles inquired why Khusrau had closed his Court ...... 275 49. How the frinians summoned Zal and Rustam 277 50. How Kai Khusrau saw Surush in a Dream . 280 51. How Zal admonished Kai Khusrau 282 52. How Kai Khusrau answered Zal. 284 53. How Zal rebuked Kai Khusrau. 2S6 54. How Kai Khusrau answered and how Z^l c^cused himself ...... 288 55. How Kai Khusrau gcve his last Charge to th Iranians ...... 291 56. How Kai Khusrau apiiointcd Gudarz to be hi Mandatary ..... 294 154 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Kai Khusrau— Part VII. The Great War, elc. {continued) — Voi.. IV SECT. rAOK. 57. How Zal asked of Kai Khusrau a Patent for Rustam 296 58. How Kai Kausrau gave a Patent to Giv . . 298 59. How Kai Khusrau gave a Patent to Tiis . . 299 60. How Kai Khusrau gave the Kingship to Luhrasp. 300 6t. How Kai Khusrau farewelled his Women . . 304 62. How Kai Khusrau went to the Mountains and vanished in the Snow ..... 303 63. How the Paladins were lost in the Snow . .308 64. How Luhrasp had Tidings of the Disappearance of Kai Khusrau ...... 311 LuhrAsp— 1. How Luhrasp built a Fire-temple at Balkh . . 316 2. How Gushtasp quitted Luhrasp in Wrath . .318 3. How Gushtasp returned with Zarir . . . 320 4. How Gushtasp set off for Rum .... 323 5. How Gushtasp arrived in Rum .... 324 6. How a Village-chief entertained Gushtasp . .327 7. The Story of Katayun the Daughter of Caesar . 329 8. How Caesar gave Katdyiin to Gushtasp . -331 9. How Mirin asked in Marriage Caesar's second Daughter 333 10. How Gushtasp slew the Wolf .... 337 11. How Ahran asked Caesar's third Daughter in Marriage 34- 12. How Gushtasp slew the Dragon and how Caesar gave his Daughter to Ahran. . . . 346 13. How Gushtasp displayed his Prowess upon the Riding-ground . . . . . • 349 14. How Caesar wrote to llyas and demanded Tribute. 352 15. How Gushtasp fought with llyas and slew liim . 355 16. How Ca;sar demanded from Luhrasp Tribute for fran 35^ 17. How Zarir carried a Message from Luhrasp to Cajsar ...... 359 18. How Gushtasp returned with Zarir to the Land of fran and received the Throne from Luhrasp . 361 Index . 367 VOLUME V I'AOE Abbreviations...... 3 Note on Pronunciation ...... 5 THE KAIANIAN DYNASTY {continued) Gushtasp— Part I. The Coming of Zarduhsht and the War with Arjasp— SECT. 1. How Firdausi saw Daki'ki in a Dream. . . 30 2. How Luhiasp went to Balkh and Gushtasp sat upon the Throne . . . . Z^ GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS I55 GushtAsp— Part I. The Coming of Zarduhsht, clc. [continued) — Vol. V SKCT. PAOt: 3. How Zarduhsht appeared and how Giishtasp accepted his livaiigul .... 33 the Tribute for 4. Mow Gushtasp refused to Arjasp Iran ...... 35 5. Hew Arjasp wrote a Letter to Gushtisp 37 6. How .\rjasp sent Envoys to Gushtasp. 4° 7. How Zarir made Answer to Arjasp 4-i 8. How the Envoys returned to Arjasp with the Li-ttcr of GushtcLsp .... 43 9. How Gushtasp assembled his Troops . 47 10. How Jamasp foretold the Issue of the Battle to Gushtasp ...... 48 1 1. How Gushtasp and ArjAsp arrayed their Hosts . 54 iz. The Beginning of the Battle between the franians and Turanians, and how Ardshir, Shirii, and Shidasp were skin ..... 56 13. How Girami, Jamasp's Son, and Xfvzar w-ere slain 58 slain 14. How Zari'r, the Brother of Gushtasp, was by Bidirafsh Oi 15. How Asfandiyar heard of the Slaying of Zarir . 65 16. How Asfandiyar went to Battle with Arjasp . 66 17. How Nastiir and Asfandiyar slew Bidirafsh. . 69 18. How Arjasp iied from the Battle ... 71 19. How the Turkmans received Quarter from Asfan- diyar ...... 72 20. How Gushtasp returned to Balkh ... 74 2 1 . How Gushtasp sent Asfandiyar to all the Provinces, and how the Folk received from him the good Religion ...... 76 22. How Gurazm spake Evil of Asfandiyar . . 78 23. How Jamasp came to Asfandiyar ... 80

. . 82 24. How Gushtasp imprisoned Asfandiyar. 25. How Gushtasp w-ent to Sistan and how Arjasp arrayed his Host the second Time. . . 85 26. The Words of Dakiki being ended, Firdausi resumeth, praising Shah Mahmud and criti- 87 cising Dakiki ...... 27. How the Host of Arjasp marched to Balkh and 89 how Luhrasp was slain .... 28. How Gushtasp heard of the Slaying of Luhrasp and led his Army toward ]?alkh .... 93 29. How Gushtasp was put to Flight by .\rjasp . 96 30. How Jamasp visited Asfandiyar. ... 98 31. How Asfandiyar saw his Brother Farshidward . 103 32. How Asfandiyar came to the Mountain to Gush- tasp ...... 106 33. How Gushtasp sent Asfandiyar the second Time

. 1 1 to fight Arjasp . . . . . ) 156 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS GusHTASP^ Vol. V Pakt II. The Story of the Seven Stages— SECT. PAGE 1. The Praise of Mahim'ul the great King. . .118 The Seven Stages of Asfandiyar—

2. The First Stage : How Asfandiyar .slew two Wolves ...... iig 3. The Second Stage : How Asfandiyar slew two Lions ...... 124 4. The Third Stage : How Asfandiyar slew a Dragon ...... 125 5. The Fourth Stage: How Asfandivar slew a Witch .... 1 .. 128 6. The Fifth Stage : How Asfandiyai slew the Simurgh ...... 131 7. The Sixth Stage : How Asfandiyar passed through the Snow . . . . .134 8. The Seventh Stage : How Asfandiyar crossed the River and slew Gurgsar . . . .139 9. How Asfandiyar went to the Brazen Hold in the Guise of a Merchant ..... 143 10. How the Sisters of Asfandiyar recognised him . 147 11. How Bishiitan assaulted the Brazen Hold . . 150 12. How Asfandiyar slew Arjasp .... 152 13. How Asfandiyar slew Kuhram . . . -155 14. How Asfandiyar wrote a Letter to Gu^lita.'^p and his Answer ...... 159 15. How Asfandiyar returned to Gushtasp . . 161

Part HI. The Story of Asfandiyar's Fight with Rustam — 1. How Asfandiyar ambitioned the Throne and how Gushtasp took Counsel with the Astrologeis. 167 2. How Asfandiyar demanded the Ivingdom from liis Father ...... 170 3. How Gushtasp answered his Son . . .172 4. How Katayiin counselled Asfandiyar . . .175 5. How Asfandiyar led a Host to Zabul . . .177 6. How Asfandiyar sent Bahman to Rustam . .179

7. How Bahman came to Zal. . . . . 1S2 8. How Bahman gave a Message to Rustam . .184 9. How Rustam made Answer to Asfandiyar . .187 ID. How Bahman returned . . . . .190 ir. The Meeting of Rustam and AsfandiyAr . .192 12. How Asfandiyar summoned not Rustam to the Feast ...... 196 13. How Asfandiyar excused himself for not summon-

ing Rustam to the Feast . . . .198 I). Ilow Asfandiyar spake Shame of the Race of Rustam ...... 200 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 157 GusHTASP— Vol. V Part III. The Story of Asfandiyar's Fight, e/c. {continued) —• SKCT. I'AOK 13. How Rustam answered Asfandiyar, praising his own Race and Deeds ..... 202 16. How Asfandiydr boasted of his Ancestry . . 204 17. How Rustam vaunted his Valour . . . 207 18. How Rustam drank wine with Asfandiyar . . 210 19. How Rustam returned to his Palace . . .215

20. How Zal counselled Rustam . . . .218

21. How Rustam fought with Asfandiyar . . . 222 22. How the Sons of Asfandiyar were slain by Zawaia and Faramarz ...... 225 23. How Rustam fled to the Heights . . . 229 24. How I^ustam took Counsel with his Kin . . 234 25. How the Simurgh succoured Rustam . . . 235 26. How Rustam went back to fight Asfandiyar. . 240 27. How Rustam shot Asfandiyar in the Eyes with an Arrow ...... 243 28. How Asfandiyar told his last Wishes to Rustam. 247 29. How Bishutan bare the Coffin of Asfandiyar to Gushtasp ...... 251 30. How Rustam sent Bahman back to fran . . 256

Part IV. The Story of Rustam and Shaghad ~ 1. The Prelude ...... 261 2. How Rustam went to Kabul on behalf of his Brother Shaghad ..... 263 3. How the King of Kabul dug Pits in the Hunting- ground and how Rustam and Zawara fell therein ...... 268 4. How Rustam slew Shaghad and died . . . 271 5. How Zal received News cf the Slaying of Rustam and Zawara, and how Faramarz brought their Coffins ami set them in the Charnel-house . 273 6. How Faramarz led an Army to avenge Rustam and slew the King of Kabul . . . .276 7. How Rudaba lost her Wits through Mourning for Rustam ...... 27S 8. How Gushtasp gave the Kingdom to Bahnian and died ...... 279 Bahman, Son of Asfandiy.4r— 1. How Bahman sought Revenge for the Death of

Asfandiyar ...... 283 2. How Bahman put Z41 in Bontis .... 285 3. How Faramarz fought with Bahman and was put to Death 287 4. How Bahman released Z41 and returned to fran . 288 5. How Bahman married his own Daughter Humdi and appointed his Successor. . . . 290 158 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS HumAi— Vol. V SFX'T. PAGE 1. How Humai cast away her Son Dar^b on the River Farat in an Ark ...... 294 2. the How Laundercr brought up Darab. . . 296 3. How Darab questioned the Launderer's Wife about his Parentage, and how he fought against the Riimans .... 300 4. How Rashnawad learned the Case of Darab 302 5. How Darab fought against the Host of Rum 305 6. How Humai recrgnised her Son. 307 7. How Humai seated Darab upon the Throne 309 Index 313 VOLUME VI PAGE Genealogical Table of the Sasanians .... 3 Abbreviations...... 5 Note on Pronunciation ...... 8 THE KAIAnIAN dynasty DArAb— (concluded) 1. How Darab built the City of Darabgird . . 20

2. How Darab defeated the Host of Shu'ib . . 21 3 How Darab fought with Failakiis and took to Wife his Daughter ...... 22 4. How Darab sent back the Daughter of Failakiis to Riim, and how Sikandar was born . . 25

Dara, Son of Darab— 1. How Dara harangued the Chiefs and took Order for the Realm ...... 34 2. The Death of Failakiis and Sikandar 's Accession tc the Throne ...... 35 3. How Sikandar went as his own Ambassador to Dara ...... 38 4. How Dara fought with Sikandar and was worsted. 42 5. How Dara fought with Sikandar the second Time. 43 6. How Sikandar fought with Dara the third Time, and how Dara fled to Kirman ... 46 7. How Dara wrote to Sikandar to propose Peace . 49 8. How Dara was slain by his Ministers ... 50 9. How Dara told his last Wishes to Sikandar and died ...... 52 10. How Sikandar wrote to the Nobles of Irin . . 57 Sikandar—

1. How Sikandar sat upon the Throne of fran . . 85 2. How Sikandar wrote to Dilarai and Riishanak, the Wife and Daughter of Dara, touching the Nuptials of Riishanak. .... 85 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 159

SiKANDAR {continued) — Vol. VI SECT. PAGK

3. How Dilarai answered the Letter of Sikandar . 87 4. How Sikandar sent his Mother, Nahid, to fetch Rushanak, and how he married her . . 89 5. How Kaid of Hind had a Dream, and how Mihran interpreted it . . . . . , gi 6. How Sikandar marched against Kaid of Hind and wrote a Letter to him ..... 98 7. How Kaid of Hind answered Sikandar's Letter and announced the Sending of the Four Wonders ...... 99 8. How Sikandar sent back the Messenger to receive

the Four Wonders . . . . .100 9. How Sikandar sent Ten Sages with a Letter to inspect tlie Four Wonders of Kaid of Hind . 10 1 10. How the Ten Sages brought the Daughter, the Cup, the Leech, and the Sage, from Kaid of Hind to Sikandar ...... 103 11. How Sikandar tested the Sage, the Leech, and the Cup sent by Kaid of Hind . . . .104 12. How Sikandar led a Host against Fur of Hind

and wrote a Letter to him . . . .110

13. How Fur answered the Letter of Sikandar . . iii 14. How Sikandar arrayed his Host to fight with Fur of Hind and made iron Steeds and Riders filled

with Naphtha ...... 112 15. How the Host of Sikandar fought with the Host of Fiir, how Fiir was slain by Sikandar, and how Sikandar seated Sawurg upon the Throne

of Fiir ...... 116 16. How Sikandar went on a Pilgrimage to the House of the Kaaba ...... 119 17. How Sikandar led his Troops from Judda toward

Misr ...... 121 18. Sikandar's Letter to Kaidafa, Queen of Andalus, and her Answer ...... 123 ig. How Sikandar led his Troops to Andalus and took the Hold of King Fary4n . . . .124 20. How Sikandar went as an Ambassador to Kaidafa

and was recognised by her . . . .127 21. How Kaidafa counselled Sikandar . . .132 22. How Tainiish, the Son of Kaidafa, was wroth with Sikandar, and how Sikandar took Precaution

against him ...... 134 23. How Sikandar made a Compact with Kaidafa and returned to his Troops. . . . .138 24. How Sikandar went to the Country of the Brah- mans, iii(]uired into tlu-ir Mysteries, and

received an Answer , . . . .143 i6o GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

SiKANDAR (continued)— Vol. VI SECT. I'AUK 25. How Sikandar came to the Western Sea and saw Wonders ...... 147 26. How Sikandar reached the Land of Habash,

fought, and was victorious . . . .149 27. How Sikandar reached the Land of the Narmpai, how he fought and was victorious, how he slew a Dragon, ascended a Mountain, and was forewarned of his own Death . . .150 28. How Sikandar reached the City of Women, named Harum, and saw Wonders there . . . 153 29. How Sikandar went into the Gloom to seek the Water of Life and spake with Birds and Israfi'l ...... 159 30. How Sikandar went to the East, saw Vv'oadeis, and built a Barrier against Yajuj and Majiij . .163 31. How Sikandar saw a Corpse in a Palace of Jewels on the Top of a Mountain, and the Speaking Tree, and how he was warned of his Death . 1 66 32. How Sikandar marched his Army to Chin, carried his own Letter to Faghfiir, and returned to his Army wich the Answer . . . .169 33. How Sikandar returned from Chin, made War against the Sindians, and went to Yaman . i 74 34. How Sikandar marched toward Babil and found the Treasure of Kai Khusrau in a City . . 1 76 35. How Sikandar went to the City of Babil, wrote a Letter to Arastalis, and received his Answer . 1 78

36. Sikandar's I etter to his Mother . . . .181 37. How Sikandar's Life ended and how they carried his Coffin to Iskandan'ya . . . .183 38. How the Sages and other Folk lamented Sikandar 185 39. How the Mother and Wife of Sikandar lamented

him ...... 187 40. Firdausi's Complaint of the Sky and Appeal to God 189 THE ASHKANL\N dynasty SECT. 1. The Praise of Mahm lid ..... 207 2. The Tribal Kings ...... 210 3. How Papak saw Sasan in a Dream and gave him a Daughter in Marriage . . . .211 4. How Ardshir Papakdn was born, and of his Case

with Ardawan ...... 213 5. How Ardawdn's Slave-girl fell in Love with Ardshir and how he fled with her to Pars. . 217 6. How Ardawan heard of the Flight of Ardshir with the Damsel and pursued them . . .220 7. How .\rdawan wrote to Bahman, his Son, to take Ardshir 223 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS i6i

The Ashkanian Dynasty [continued) — Vol. VI SKCT. PACK 8. How Tabcik helped Ardshir, fought with Bahman, and conquered him ..... 225 9. How Anlawan led forth his Host for Battle with

Ardshir and was slain . . . . .227 10. How .'Vrdshir fought with the Kurds and was defeated ...... 230 11. How Ardshir attacked the Kurds by Night and overthrew them ...... 232 12. The Story of Haftwdd and the Case of the Worm . 232 13. How Ardshir fought with Haftw4d and was worsted 236 14. How Mihrak of Jahram sacked the Palace of Ardshir ...... 237 15. How ^Ardshir heard about the Worm and made

Shift to slay it ...... 239 16. How Ardshir slew Haftwad .... 244

THE SAsANIAN dynasty

Ardshir Papakan— SECT. 1. How Ardshir Papakan sat upon the Throne in fJaghdad ...... 258 2. The Case of Ardshir and the Daughter of Ardawan 259 3. How Shapiir was born to Ardshir by the Daughter of Ardawin, and how after seven Years Ard- shir heard of his Son and acknowledged him. 261 4. How Ardshir, to find out the Future of his Reign, sent to Kaid of Hind, and Raid's Reply . . 266 of 5. The Adventure of Shapur with the Daughter Mihrak, and his taking her to Wife . . 268 6. How Urmuzd was born to Shdpiir by the Daughter of Mihrak ...... 271 7. Of the Wisdom of Ardshir and his Method of administering the Realm . . . .273 8. How Kharrad praised Ardshir . . . .284 9. On the Faithlessness of Fortune. . . . 285 10. How Ardshir charged Shapur and died. . • 286 1 1. Thanksgiving to the Maker and Praise of Mahmiid, the great King ...... 291

Shapur, Son of AuDSufR—- 1. How Shapur sat upon the Throne and delivered a Charge to the Chieftains .... 295 2. How Shapur fought with the Riimans, how Baz- dnush, their General, was taken Priscncr, and how Cajsar made Peace with Shdpiir . . 296 3. How Shapur seated I'rmuzd upon tlieThrone and

died ...... 299 Vol. IX L 1 62 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Urmuzd, Son of Shapur— Vol. VI SECT. TACJE 1. How Urmuzd addressed the Assembly. . • 302 2. How Urmuzd gave up the Throne to Bahram, charged him, and died . . . . . 303

Baiiram, Son of Urmuzd— I. How Bahram succeeded to the Throne, charged the Nobles, and died ..... 307

BahrAm, Son of Bahram— I. How Bahram, Son of Bahram, ascended the Throne, charged the Nobles, and died . .311 Bahram Bahramiyan— I. How Bahram Bahramiyan succeded to the Throne and died four Months aftfr . . . -313

NARsf, Son of Bahram— I. How Narsf succeeded to the Throne, counselled his Son, and died . . . . . '315

Urmuzd, Son of Narsi— I. How Urmuzd, Son of Narsi, ascended the Throne, and how his Life ended . . . .31(8

Shapur, Son of Urmuzd, surnamed Zu'l AktAf— 1. How Shapur, Son of Urmuzd, was born forty dnys after his Father's Death, and how he was

crowned ...... 328 2. How Tair, the Arab, carried of? the Daughter of Narsi and married her, how Shapur went to Yaman to fight him, and how his Daughter fell in Love with Shapur .... 330 3. How Tair was bemused by his Daughter and how she came to Shapur, who took the Hold and slew Tair ...... 333 4. How Shapur went disguised as a Mci chant to Riim, how he was taken by Caesar, and how Caesar ravaged the Land of fran .... 335 5. How the Damsel took Measures to free Shapur, ard how he Red with her from Rum . . . 339 6. How the High Priest and the Captain of the Ho=t, hearing of Shapi'jr's Arrival, went to him with the Troops ...... 345 7. How Shapur made a Night-attack, and how Ca?sar was taken ...... 346 8. How Shai)ur went to Riim and foiight willi Yanus, Caesar's Brother . . . . . '351 9. How the Rumans placed Bazanush upon the to Throne of Cajsar ; his Letter Shapur and the Answer...... 3p3 GENERAL TABLE 01- CONTENTS 163

Shapur, Son of Urmuzd, {continued)— Vol. VI SECT. PAGE 10. How BazAniish went to Shapur and* made a Treaty cf Peace ...... 335 11. How JMani, the Painter, came to Shapur with Pre- tence of being a Prophet, and was sld in . . 358 12. How Shapur made his Brother Ardshir Regent till his own Son should grow up, and how his Days ended ...... 360 Ardshir, Brother of Shapur— I. How Ardshir sat upon the Throne and gave a Charge to the Officers ..... 363 Shapur, Son of ShapiJr— I. How Shapur, Son of Shapur, sat upon the Tlirone and gave a Charge to the Officers . . . 365

Bah RAM, Son of Shapur— I. How Bahram sat upon the Throne and gave a Charge to the Officers ..... 368 Yazdagird, Son of ShapiJr— 1. Hov/ Yazdagird sat upon tlie Throne and gave a Charge to the Officers ..... 374 2. How Bahram Gur, Son of Yazdagird, was born and sent to be brought up by Munzir, the Aiab . 375 3. How Bahram went to the Chase svith a Damsel and how he displayed his Accomplishment . . 382 4. How Bahram showed his Accomplishment in the Chase before Munzir ..... 384 5. How Bahram came with Nu'man to Yazdagird . 386 6. How Yazdagird put liahram in Bonds, how he escaped by the good Offices of Tainiish, and how he returned to Munzir .... 389 7. How Yazdagird, by the Advice of an Archmage, went to the Spring of Sav and was killed by a Water-horse ...... 30i 8. How the Iranians took Counsel and placed Khus- rau upon the Throne ..... 394 9. How Baliram Gi'ir heard of the Death of his I-'ather and invaded fran ..... 395 10. Tfow the Iranians heard of Bahram's Pillaging and wrote to Munzir, and how he replied . 397 11. How Bahram Gur arrived at Jahram with the Host of Munzir, and how the Iranians went out to him ...... 400 12. How Bahram Gur harangued the frdnians as to his Fitness to rule, how they rejected him but promised him the Kingship if he would take the Crown from between the Lions . .402 iG.j GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

Yazdagird, Son of Shapur {continued) — Vol. VI SECT. PACiE 13. How Bahram and Khusrau went to the Waste, and how Bahram slew the Lions and took his Seat upon the Throne ..... 409 Index . . . , 413

VOLUME VII

PAGE Prefatory Note ...... v Abbreviations...... xvi Note on Pronunciation ...... xviii

THE SAsANIAN dynasty {continued) BahrAm Gur— sect. 1. How Bahram ascended the Throne, charged the Officers, and wrote Letters to all the Chiefs . 7 2. How Bahram pardoned the Fault of the Iranians, farewelled Munzir and Nu'man, and remitted the Iranians' Arrears of Taxes ... 9 3. How Bahram went to the House of Lambak, the

Water-carrier, and became his Guest . . 12 4. How Bahram went to the House of Baraham, the

Jew, who treated him scurvily . . .16 5. How Bahram bestowed the Wealth of Baraham

upon Lambak ...... 19 6. How Bahram slew Lions and forbade Wine- drinking ...... 21 7. The Story of the young Shoemaker and how Bahram allowed Wine again . ... 24 8. How Riizbih, Bahram's High Priest, ruined a Village by a Stratagem and restored it . . 26 9- How Bahram married a Country Miller's Daughters 31 10. How Bahram found the Treasures of Jamshid and bestowed them upon the Poor ... 34 1 1. How Bahram, returning from Hunting, went to the House of a Merchant and departed displeased . 39 12. How Bahram slew a Dragon and went to a Yokel's House ...... 42 13. How Bahram went to the Chase and espoused the Daughters of the Thane Barzin ... 48 14. How Bahram slew Lions, went to the House of a Jeweller, and married his Daughter. . . 55 15. How Bahram went to the Chase and passed the Night in the House of Farshidward . . 67 16. How a Bramble-grubber revealed the Case of Farshflward, and how Bahram bestowed that Householder's Wealth upon the Poor . 70 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 165

JjAiiUAM GuR {continued) —- Vol. VII SECT. rAi;K

17. How IJaliiain went to the Chase ami slow Lions . 74 18. How Jialire'im went to hunt the Onager, showed liis Skill before the Princes, and retuined to Baghdad and Istakhr ..... So 19. How the Khan of Chin led forth a Host to war with Bahrain, and how the frdnians asked Quarter of the Kh4n and submitted to him . 84 20. How Bahram attacked the Host of the Khan and took him ...... 89 21. How Bahrain took a Pledge from the Tur;mians, how he set up a Pillar to delimit the Realm, and placed Shahra upon the Throne of Turan. 90 22. How Bahram wrote to announce his Victory to his Brother Narsi and returned to Iran . . 92 23. How Bahram wrote a Letter of Directions to his Officials ...... 96 24. How Bahram called before him the Envoy of Cajsar, and how the Envoy questioned and answered the Archmages ...... 101 25. How Bahram dismissed Caesar's Envoy and charged his own Officials . . . .106 26. How Bahram went with his own Letter to Shangul King of Hind ...... 109 27. How Shangul received the Letter from Bahram and made Reply . . . . .114 28. How Shangul prepared a Feast for Bahram, and

how Bahram displayed his Prowess . . 116 29. How Shangul suspected Bahram and kept him from

Iran ...... 118 30. How Bahram fought with the Wolf at the Bidding of Shangul and slew it . . . . .121 31. How Bahram slew a Dragon . . . .124 32. How Shangul became troubled about Bahram and gave a Daughter to him . . . .126 33. How Faghfiir of Chin wrote to Bahram and how

he replied ...... 129 34. How Bahram fled from Hindustan to fran with the Daughter of Shangul ..... 131 35. How Shangul followed Bahram, learned who he was, and was reconciled to him . . • I35 36. How Shangul went back to Hind and Bahram to Iran 137 37. How Shangul with seven Kings visited Bahram . 140 38. How Shangul returned to Hindustan, and how Bahram remitted the Property-tax to the Land-owners ...... 144 39. How Bahrim summoned Gipsies from Hindustan . 14S

the . 40. How Time of Bahrim came to an End . 150 i66 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

Yazuagird, Son of Bahram Gur— \'oL. VII SKCT. I'AGK I. How "\'azdagir

HURMUZ—- I. How Hurmuz, Son of Yazdagird, ascended the Throne ...... 157

PiRiiz— 1. Flow Piriiz sat upon the Throne and made an

Oration ...... 161 2. How Piriiz built the Cities of Piruz-Ram and Badan-Piruz, and how he went to war with Turan 163

3. The Letter of Khu.shnawaz to I'lriiz . . .165 4. How Piriiz fought with Khiishnawaz and was slain ...... 167

Balash— 1. How Balash ascended the Throne and harangued the Iranians ...... 171 2. How Siifarai had Tidings of the Slaying of Piriiz, how he wrote a Letter to Khiishnawaz, and

how Khiishnawaz replied . . . .173 3. How Siifarai fought with Khiishnawaz, and how Kubad was released from his I jondage . .176

KuBAD, Son of Piruz—• 1. How Kubad sat upon the Throne and made an

Oration to the franians . . . . 18S 2. How Siifarai went to Shiraz, how the Iranians slandered him to Kubad, and how Kubad slew him 190 3. How the Iranians put Kubad in Bonds and com- mitted him to Rizmihr, the Son of Siifarai, and how Jamasp, the Brother of Kubad, was set upon the Throne . . . . -195 4. How Kubad escaped from Ward with Rizmihr, how he wedded the Daughter of a Thane, and how he took Refuge with the Haitalians . 197 5. How Kubad returned from Haitdl to Iran, how he had Tidings of the Birth of his Son, Niishir- wan, and reascended the Throne . . .199 6. The Story of Kubdd and Mazdak, and how Kubad adopted the h'aith of Mazdak . . . 201 7. How Nushirwan rejected the Faith of Mazdak and slew him and his Followers .... 205 8. How Kubad nominated Kisri as Successor; and how the Great gave him the name of Niishfrwan ...... 209 GENERAL TAI^LE OF CONTENTS 167 Ni^sHfRwAN— Vol. VII

TAKr I. Nushirwan's Administration of the Realm, his Wars with Frontier-Tribes and with kum, and the revolt of NUSHZAD 8KCT. PAOE^ 1. The Prelude 220 2. How Nushirwdn ascended the Thruiie and made

an Oration to the Iranians . . . .221

3. How Nushirwdn divided his Realm into four Parts and wrote a Decree to his Officers on

the Administration of Justice . . .224 4. How Nushirwan required Babak to muster the Host 230 5. How Niishi'rwan harangued the franians, and how the Kings acknowledged his Supremacy. . 234 6. How Nushirwan went round his Empire and built a Wall in the Pass between Iran and Turin . 236

7. How Nushirwan chastised the Alans anil the Men of Baliich and Gilan ..... 239 8. How Munzir, the Arab, came to Nushirwan for Succour against the Injustice of Caesar . . 244 g. The Letter of Shah Nushirwan to Caesar of Rum . 247 10. How the Letter of Nushirwan reached Caesar and how he replied ...... 248 11. How Nushirwan went to war with Caesar . . 249 12. How Nushirwan took divers Strongholds in his

March to Rum . . . • . • -54 13. The Battle of Nushirwan with Farfuriyus, the Leader of Caesar's Host, the Victory of Nushir- wan, and his Capture of Kaliniyiis and Anta- kiya ...... 255 in 14. How Nushirwan built the City of Zib-i-Khusrau the Likeness of Antakiya and settled the Riiman Captives therein . . . . 259 15. How Caesar wrote to Nushirwan and sent Tribute . 261 16. The Birth of Nushzid, the Son of Nushir\van, by a

Woman who was a Christian . . .263 of 17. The Sickness of Nushirwan and the Sedition Nushzad 265 iS. The Letter of Nushirwan to Ram Barzin, the Warden of the March of Mada'in, respecting the Taking of Nushzad .... 2G7 19. How Ram Barzin fought with NushzAd, and how Nushzad was slain . . . . .272

Part 1 1. The Story of Buzurjmihr and the Seven T3anquets of NusniRWAN— I. How Nushirwan had a Dream and how Buzurjmihr

. • . 2S1 interpreted it . . . i68 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS NuSufRWAN Part II. The Story of Buzurjmihr, etc. (continued) —Vol. VII SKCT. I'.VOK 2. The fir.-;t Banquet of Niishirwan to the Sages, and the Counsels of Buzurjmihr .... 287 3. The second Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr and the Archimages . . . . .290 4. The third Banquet of Niishirwan to Biizurjmiiir and the Archimages ...... 296 5. The fourth Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr and the Arcliimages . . . . . 30 1 6. The fifth Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr and the Archimages ..... 304 7. The sixth Banquet of Niishirwan to Buzurjmihr and the Archimages ..... 307 8. The seventh Banquet of Niishirwan to Biizurjmihr and the Archimages . . . . .312 Part III. The Story of Mahbud and other Matters— SECT. 1. The Story of Mahbiid, the Wazir of Niishirwan, and how Mahbiid and his Sons were slain by the Sorcery of Ziiran and a Jew . . -318 2. How the Sorcery of Ziiran and the Jew in the Matter of Mahbud was discovered, and how both were slain by Command of Niishirwan . 323 3. In Praise of the Wisdom of Niishirwan, and how

he built the City of Siirsan . . . .326 4. The Story of the War of the Khan with Ghatkar, the Prince of the Haitalians, the Defeat of Ghitkar, and how they set Faghanish upon the Throne ...... 328 5. How Niishirwan had Tidings of the Battle of the Khan with the Haitalians and how he led a Host against the Khan .... 333 6. How the Khan had Tidings of the Coming of the Host of Niishirwan to Gurgan and wrote a Letter in the Cause of Peace .... 337 7. How Niishirwan answered the Letter of the Khan 342 8. How the Khan bethought himself and wrote offer- ing his Daughter in Marriage to Niishirwan . 345 9. How Niishirwdn answered the Letter, and sent Mihran Sitad to see and fetch the Daughter of the Khan ...... 349 10. How the Kh4n sent his Daughter, escorted by Mihran, with a Letter and Treasures to NiishirwAn ...... 354 11. How the Kh4n witlidrew, and how Niishirwcin marched from tiurgan to Taisafiin . . 358 12. Discourse on the Justice of Niishirwan and how Mortals had Peace under his Usages . . 364 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 169 NusIlfRWAN Part 111. The Story or MAiiisun, clc. {continued)-- Vol. VII si;cT. i--\t-i'^ uiul dis-,. 13. How Buzurjinihr counselled Nuslnrwan coursed on good Deeds and \Vords. . . 3O6

Part IV. The Introduction of the Game of Chess INTO Iran. The Legend of the Inven- tion OF the Game. The Discovery of the Hook of Kalii.a and Dimna of to 1. How the Kaja of Hind sent the Game Chess Nushirwin ...... 3^^4 2. How Buzurjmihr invented Nard, and how Niishir- wan sent it with a Letter to the Raja of Hind . 389 the Invention 3. The Story of Gav and Talhand, and of Chess 394 to Hin- 4. How Niishirwan sent Barzwi, the Leech, dustan to fetch a wondrous Drug, and how Barzwi brought back the Book of Kalila and Dimna ...... 423 Index ,...... ••• 433 VOL. VIII page Abbreviations ...... xv Note on Pronunciation ...... xvi

THE S.isANIAN DYNASTY (continued) Ni!fshir\v.4n (continued) — Part V. The Fall and Restoration to Favour of Buzurjmihr, and the Wisdom of Nush- Irwan— sect. 1. How Nushirsvan was wroth with Buzurjmihr and ordered him to be put in Ward ... 4 2. How the Ambassador of Caesar came to Niishirwan with a locked Casket and how Biizurjmihr was set at large to declare its Contents . . 8 3. Discourse on the Responses of Niishirwan . . 14 to his Son 4. Niishirwan's Letter of Counsel Hurmuzd 25 and how 5. How an Archmage questioned Niishirwan he made Answer ...... 28

Part VI. The Shah's last Years— 1. How Niishirwan made ready to war against Caesar ...... 43 2. How Niishirwin took the Stronghold of Sakila and how a Shoemaker had Dealings with him . 46 to Niishirwan 3. How the Envoys of C;csar came witli Apologies and Presents. . . .51 A. How Niishirwan chose Hurmuzd as his Successor. 54 lyo GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Nlisiiirwan— Part VI. Tiik S iah's Last Years {conti)nied) — Vol. VIII SECT. I-AGE 5. How the Archimages qiicstioned Hunmizd and how he repHed ...... 57 6. How Nushirwan appointed llurmuzd as his Suc- cessor and gave him parting Counsels . . 61 7. How Nushirwan had a Dream and how Buzurjmihr interpreted it as signifying the Appearance of Muhammad ...... 66 HuRMUZD, Son of Nijfshirwan— 1. The Prelude ...... 77 2. How Hurmuzd ascended the Throne and harangued the Chiefs ...... 78 3. How Hurmuzd slew fzid Gashasp, Zarduhsht, Simah Barzfn, and Bahram Azarniihan, his

Father's Ministers . . . . .81 4. How Hurmuzd turned from Tyranny to Justice . 90 5. How Hosts gathered from all Sides against Hur- muzd, and how he took Counsel with his Wazirs ...... 92 6. How Hurmuzd heard of Bahram Chiibina and sent for him ...... 96 7. How Bahram Chubi'na came to Hurmuzd and was made Captain of the Host .... 100 8. How Bahram Chubina went with twelve thousand

Cavaliers to fight King Sawa . . .106 9. How King Sawa sent a Message to Bahram Chubina and his Answer . . . .113 10. How King Sawa and Bahram Chubina set the Battle in Array against each other. . . 115 1 1 . How King Sawa sent another Message to Bahram Chubina and his Answer . . . .117 12. How Bahram Chubina had a Dream in the Night, how he gave Battle the next Morning, and

how King Sawa was slain . . . .121 13. How Bahram Chubina sent a Letter announcing his Victory, and the Head of King Sawa, to Hur- muzd, and his Answer . . . . .129 14. How Bahram Chubina fought with Parmuda. Son of King Sawa, and overcame him, and how Parmuda took Refuge in the Hold of Awaza . 134 15. How Bahram Chubina sent a Message to Parmuda and how Parmuda asked Quarter . . . 138 16. How Bahram Clu'ibina asked of Hurmuzd a War- rant to spare the Life of Parmuda and the

Answer ...... 141 17. How Hurmuzd's Letter, granting Quarter to Par- muda, reached Bahram Chubina, and how

Bahram Chubina was wroth with Parmuda . 143 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 171

HuRMUZD, Son of NusnfRWAN {conliniied) — Vol. VIII SKi-T. '"Ati '•: 18. How Parmrida came before llurmuzii with llie Treasures sent by Hiihraiii Clii'il)ina . . 1 49 19. How Iliinmizd hoard of tlie Ill-doing of Hahrani Chubina and made a Compact with the Khan 151 20. How Hnrmuzd wrote a chiding Letter to Bahram Chubi'na and sent him a Distaff-case, Cotton,

and Women's Raiment . . . -153 21. How^ Bahram Chubina ]nit on the Woman's Dress and showed himself therein to the Chiefs of the Host 134 22. How Bahram Chubina went to hunt and saw a Lady who foretold the Future to him . .156 23. How Bahram Chubina assumed the royal Style and how Kharrad, Son of Barzin, and the

Archscribc fled . . . . . • 15'*^ of Chi'i- 24. How Hnrmuzd received News ]5ahram bina's Doings, and how Bahram Chubina sent a

Frail of Swords to Hurmuzd . . . .160 Chiefs 25. How Bahram Chubina made known to the his Designs upon the Throne, and how his Sister Gurdya advised him . . . .163 26. Bahram Chiibina's Letter to the Khan and how he coined Money ^vith the name of Khusrau Parwiz and sent it to Hurmuzd . . .172 how 27. How Bahram Chubina wrote to Hurmuzd and Khusrau Parwiz fled from his Father . -173 28. How Hurmuzd sent Ayin Gashasp with an Army slain to fight Bahram Chubina and how he was by his Comrade . . . . .177 29. How Hurmuzd grieved, refused Audience to the Iranians, and was blinded by Bandwi and

• Gustaham ...... 182 Parwiz heard of the Blinding of

• . • . .184

• . . .196 Parwiz sat upon the Throne and

made an Oration . . . . . -197 asked 3. How Khusrau Parwiz visited his Father and Forgiveness . . . . • .198 of the 1 of 4. How Bahram Chubina heard Minding Shah Hurmuzd and how he led his Troops 200 against Khusrau Parwiz .... met 5. >Iow Khusrau Parwiz and Bahram Chubina and parleyed ....•• 204 6. How Bahram Chubina and Khusrau Parwiz returned, how Ciurdya advised Bahram Chu- bina, and how Khusrau Parwiz told his Pur- pose to the Iranians . . . • .220 172 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

KiiusRAU Parwiz {coiilinited) — Vol. VIII SECT. I'AGE _ ChubiiKt the of 7. How Bahrain attacked Army Khusrau Parwiz by Night and how Khusrau

Parwiz fled ...... 226 8. How Khusrau Parwiz went to his Sire and fled to

Riim, and how Hurmuzd was slain . . 230 9. How Bahram Chubina sent Troops after Khusrau Parwiz and how Bandwi contrived to rescue

him from tlicir Hands. . . . .233 10. How Balrram, the Son of Siyawush, took Bandwi and carried him to Bahram Chubina . . 237 11. How Bahram Chubina summoned the Magnates of fran, how they discussed his Pretensions to the Kingdom, and liow he acceded to the Tlirone ...... 239 12. How Bandwi plotted with Bahram, the Son of Siya- wush, to slay Bahram Chubina, and how Bandwi fled from Bond .... 245 13. How Khusrau Parwiz went toward Riim by the Desert-route and how a Hermit told him of the Past and Future ..... 249 14. How a Cavalier of Caesar came to Khusrau Parwiz and how he sent an Answer by Gustaham, Balwi, Andiyan, Kharrad, Son of Barzin, and Shapur to Csesar...... 257 15. How Caviar answered the Letter of Kliusrau Parwiz 2G0 16. How Caesar wrote to Khusrau Parwiz, declining to help him, and his Answer . . . .261 17. How Caesar wrote the second Time to Khusrau Parwiz about giving him Aid . . . 264 18. How Khusrau Parwiz answered Caesar about the Alliance ...... 269 19. How Cresar made a Talisman and deceived the Envoys of Khusrau Parwiz, and how Kharrad, Son of Barzin, solved the Mystery . . . 271 20. How Kharrad, Son of Barzin, expounded the Faith of the Indians and exhorted Caesar . 275 21. How Caesar sent a Host and his Daughter to Khus- rau Parwiz...... 278 22. How Khusrau Parwiz led his Host to Azar Abada-

gan and how Bandwi met him on the Way . 281 23. How Bahram Chubina had Tidings of the Coming of Khusrau Parwiz and wrote a Letter to the Chiefs of fran, and how the Letter fell into the

Hands of Khusrau I'arwiz and his Answer . 284 24. How Khusrau Parwiz fought with Bahram Chu-

bina and how Kut, the l^unian, was slain . 288 25. How Khusrau I'arwiz fought with I'ahram Chu- bina the second Time, was defeated, and

escaped from him by the Help of Surush . . 292 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 173

Khusrau Parw/z [continued) — Vol. VIII 8KCT. I'ACK 26. How Khusrau Parwi'z fought the third Time with Bahram Chubina and defeated him . . 300 27. I low Khusrau Parwiz sent an Army under Nastuh after Baliram Chi'ibina, and how Bahram Chubina captured liim and reached the Khan of Chin . 303 28. How Khusrau Prrwiz pillaged the Camp of Bah- ram Chubina and wrote a Letter to Ca>sar who answered it with a Robe of Honour and Gifts 306 29. How Niyatus was wroth with Bandwi and how Maryam made Peace between them . . 309 30. How Khusrau Parwiz gave Presents to Niyatus and the Rumans, how he dismissed them to Riim, and wrote Patents for the Nobles of Iran 312 31. Firdausi's Lament for the Death of his Son . • 3'5 32. The Story of Bahram Chubina and the Khan of Cliiu i^d 33. How Makatiira was slain by Bahram Chubina . 320 34. How the Lion-ape slew a Daughter of the Khan, how it was slain by Bahram Chubina, and how the Khan gave him a Daughter and the King-

dom of Chin . . . . . • 3-- 35. How Khusrau Parwiz heard of the Case of Bahram Chubina and wrote a Letter to the Khan, and

how he replied . . . • • -3-7 36. How Khusrau Parwiz sent Kharrad, Son of Barzin, to the Khan and how he schemed to slay Bah-

ram Chubina . . . . • '331 37. How Bahram Chubina was slain by Kuliin as Kharrad, Son of Barzin, had planned . . 336 38. Plow the Khan had Tidings of Bahram Chiibina's Death and how he destroyed the House and

• Family of Kuliin . . . . 343 of 39. How Khusrau Parwiz had Tidings of the Slaying Bahram Chubina and honoured Kharrad, Son

of Barzin . . . . . 3-15 40. How the Khan sent his Brother to Gurdya, the Sister of Bahram Chiibina, with a Letter touching her Brother's Death and asking her in iMarriago as his (,_)ueen, and her Answer . 346 41. How Gurdya consulted her Nobles and fled from Marv 349 42. How the Khan received Tidings of the Flight of (hirdya and how he sent Tuwurg with an Army after her, and how Gurdya slew Tuwurg. . 351 43. How Gurdya wrote to Gurdwi . . . . 354 44. How Khusrau Parwiz slew Bandwi . . . 354 45. How Gustaham rebelled against Khusrau Parwiz and took Gurdya to Wife .... 355 174 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

KnusRAU Parwiz [continued) —• Vol. VIII SECT. rA(iE 46. How Khusrau Parwiz took Counsel with Gurdwi concerning Gustaliani and how Gurdya, prompted by Gurdwi, slew him . . . 358 47. How Gurdya wrote to Khusrau Parwiz and how he summoned and married her . , .361 48. How Gurdya showed her Accomplishment before Khusrau Parwiz . . . . . -303 49. How Khusrau Parwiz sent an ill-disposed March- lord to Rai and how he oppressed the Folk there ...... 365 50. How Gurdya made Sport before Khusrau I'arwiz and how he gave Rai to her .... 367 51. How Khusrau Parwiz portioned out his Realm . 368 52. How Shirwi, the Son of Khusrau Parwiz, was born of Maryam with bad Auspices and how Khus- rau Parwiz informed Ca*sar . . . •371 53. How Caesar wrote a Letter to Khusrau Parwiz, for sent Gifts, and asked the Cross of Christ . 374 54. How Khusrau Parwiz answered Caesar's Letter and sent Gifts ...... 379

The Story of Khusrau Parwiz and Shirin—

55. The Prelude ...... 382 56. How Khusrau Parwiz loved Shirin, how they parted, how he met her again while hunting and sent her to his Bower . . . '383 57. liow the Nobles heard that Shirin had come to the Bower of I\husrau Parwiz and how they advised him and were satisfied with his Answer 3 86 58. How Shirin murdered Maryam and Khusrau Par- wiz put Shirwi in Bonds .... 3S9 59. How Khusrau Parwiz made the Throne of Takdis 391 60. The Story of Sarkash and Barbad, the Minstrel, and K^husrau Parwiz ..... 396 61. How Khusrau Parwiz built the Palace of Mada'in 400 62. Discourse on the Splendour and Cjreatness of Khusrau Parwiz...... 405 63. How Khusrau Parwiz turned from Justice, how the Chiefs revolted, and how Guraz calletl in Caosar ...... 407 64. How Caesar withdrew through an Expedient of Khusrau Parwiz antl how the Chiefs released Shirwi from J5onds ..... 409 65. How Khusrau I'arwiz was taken and how Shirwi

sent him to Taisafun . . . . .418 Index 423 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS 175

vol,. IX rAGE Prefatory Note ...... V Abbreviations...... xi Note on Pronunciation ...... xii

THE SASAXIAN DYNASTY (concluded)

Kub.4d (commonly called Shi'rwi) — SECT. 1. How Sliirvvi ascended the Throne, announced his Will, and sent Chiefs to his Father with Counsel and Excuses ...... 8 2. How Khusrau Parwi'z . answered Shirwi . 15 3. How Shirwi grieved for Khusrau Parwi'z and how the Chiefs were displeased thereat . . 27 4. How Barbad lamented Khusrau Parw'iz, cut off his ow-n Fingers, and burned his Instruments of Music ...... 29 5. How the Chiefs demanded from Shirwi the Death of Khusrau Parwi'z and how he was slain by Mihr Hurmuzd ...... 32 6. How Shirwi asked Shi'n'n in ^Marriage, how Shirin killed herself, and how Shirwi was slain . 3G

Ardshir, Son of Shirwi— 1. How Ardshir, Son of Shirwi, ascended the Throne and harangued the Chiefs .... 44 2. How Guraz was displeased at Ardshir being Shah and how he caused Ardshir to be slain by Piruz Son of Khusrau ...... 45 Guraz also called FAR.\YiN— I. How Guraz, (also called Farayin,) received News of the Slaying of Ardshir, hastened to irkn, took Possession of tlic Throne, and was killed by Shahranguraz ...... 51 PUR.^NDUKnr— I. How Piirandukht ascended the Thrf>iie and slew Piruz, Son of Ivhusrau, and how her own Life ended ...... 56 AzAR.MnUKHT — I. How Azarmdukht ascended the Throne and how she died ...... 59 Farrukhz.\d— I. How Frrrukhzad ascended the Throne and how

liQ was slain a Slave , . . by , 6j 176 GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS Yazdagird — Vol. IX SKCT. I'ACiE 1. How Yazdagird ascended the Throne and ad- dressed the Chiefs ..... 70 2. How Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, invaded fran, how Yazdagird sent Rustam to oppose him, and how Rustam wrote a Letter to his Brother . 72 3. How Rustam wrote to Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, and how he replied ...... 78 4. How Rustam fought with Sa'ad, Son of Wakkas, and was slain ...... 83 5. How Yazdagird consulted with the Iranians and went to Khurasan ..... 85 6. How Yazdagird wrote to Mahwi of Sur . . 89

of . 7. How Yazdagird wrote to the Marchlords Tus 90 8. How Yazdagird went to Tus and how Mahwf of Siir met him ...... 95 >• g. How Mahwi of Sur incited Bizhan to war with Yazdagird and how Yazdagird fled and hid himself in a Mill ...... 96 10. How Mahwi of Siir sent the Miller to kill Yazdagird, and how the Archi mages counselled Mahwi to forbear ...... loi 11. How Yazdagird was slain by Khusrau, the Miller 107 12. How Mahwi of Siir was informed of the Obsequies of Yazdagird and ascended the Throne. . 112 13. How Bizhan, hearing of the Slaying of Yazdagird and of Mahwi of Siir's Accession to the Throne,

led forth the Host to fight with him . . 115 14. How Mahwi of Siir was taken and slain by Order

of Bizhan ...... 118 —— 15. Account of the Completion of the Shahnama . 121 CORRECnONS AND ADDITIONS

VOLUME I.

' ' ' Page xii, line 21, for Evil read evil.' ' ' ' Page xiii, line 15, for Born read born.' ' Page 4, line 4, delete still.' ' ' ' Page 5, line 2z, after camel add of which the red-haired variety was most esteemed.' ' ' ' Page 6, line 21, for Scythian read Elamitic' ' ' ' Page 7, line 19, for was read became,' line 25 and elsewhere, for ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Trit4 and Traitana read Trita and Traitana,' ' ' ' Page 9, line 16 and elsewhere, /jr Azarbijan read Azarbaijan.' Page 10, bottom. The date of the fall of Nineveh has lately been ' assigned to the year b.c. 612. Seo The Fall of Nineveh,' p. 9 seq. By C. J. Gadd. reference namber 2, after R insert P. ' ' ' Page 1 1, line 29 and elsewhere, for Hira and Aiibar read Hira and Ambar.'

' ' ' Page 13, reference number 2, for NESH read NSEH.' ' ' ' Page 14, line 25, for Samanides read Samanids.' Page 17, delete lines 7-10. ' reference number i, add See too A. V. Williams Jackson,' ' From Constantinople to the Home of Omar Khayyam,' Ch. V.'

' ' ' Page 19, line 19, for Sacaestan read Sacaestan.' ' reference number 3, delete iii.' ' ' ' Page 21, line 7 and elsewhere, for Nuh read Nuh.' ' ' ' line 12, for appealed read turned.' Page 29, line 12 from bottom, r/ LEC, pp. 206, 207 and note. ' Page 31, delete lines 13-16, and read that Fazl, son of Ahmad, is referred to on both occasions.' ' Page 33, line 23, delete full stop, insert comma, and for' Such is not ' read not be in.' ' ' Page 34, five lines from bottom, delete While I sat looking on and ' read While I o'erlooked from far.'

' ' Page 37, line 22, for Ariidi read 'Ariidi.' ' ' ' Page 38, seven lines from bottom, for Bazh read Bdzh.' ' ' six lines from bottom, after city add reference number i. ' at bottom add note » The quarter in which Bizh was situated was known as Tabaran.'

' ' Page 39, bottom, reference number i, delete §1 and 7 and read' The too spiritual conception of the Deity in §1 and the refer- ences to 'All in §7.'

VOL. I.\ M ij-j 1 78 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

' ' ' Page 41, last line, for axe read ax.' ' ' ' ' ' Page 43, note 2, for fakka read fakka,' and for Cf.' read Of.' ' ' Page 45, line 24, after indigo add reference number 2. ' ' line five from bottom, after Cemetery add reference number 3. ' at bottom add « Cf. End. Brit, (nth ed.), Vol. 11, p. 917, col. 2. ' Professor A. V. Williams Jackson's suggestion that, as burial in the Muhammadan cemetery was refused, the corpse of Firdausi was reconveyed within the walls and buried in ground belonging to him, seems far f.om im- probable. From Constantinople to the Tomb of Omar Khayyam, p. 291. ' ' ' Page 50, line 7, for Ahriman read Ahriman.' Page 51, line 23, add reference number i. ' bottom, add ' Thus Piran (see p. 55) may represent Perun, the Slavonic god of thunder.' ' ' ' Page 61, line 3, delete which and to end of sentence, and insert i.e. of Azargashasp.' Page 62, bottom, after reference number 7 insert DZA, i, 209. Page 67, line 18, end, add 'bin.' ' Page 68, line 9, end add or identical with.' bottom, reference number i, add NIN, 15. ' ' ' Page 69, bottom, for 108 read 107.' ' ' ' Page 71, line 19, after Oxus insert Caspian.' ' ' ' line 20, after Dardanelles insert Mediterranean.' ' ' ' bottom, reference number 6, after 80 add notes.' ' ' ' Page 73, line 8 from bottom, for land read earth.' ' ' number i. ,,7 ,, after Shahs add reference ' ' number 2. ,,5 ,, after canal add reference ' ' bottom, add » Kai Kubad. See Vol. ii, p. 22. Id. 192.' ' ' Page 74, line 8, after tree add reference number i. ' bottom, add > Cercis Siliquastum.' ' ' ' Page 77, line 11, for the first half read three-fifths.' ' ' line 8 from bottom, after repetitions add reference number i.

' bottom, add ' These of course do not include the great duplications of tradition in the poem.' ' ' ' Page 82, line 11, for regarded read looked upon.' ' ' line 25, after farr add reference number 2. ' bottom, add ' pp. 369, 370.' ' ' Page 83, line 18, before miibidan insert— ' ' line 25, after subject add reference number 2. ' bottom, add * The expression is used, however, of Bahram Gur (Vol. vii, p. 78) and of Nushirwan (viii, p. 14). It is also applied to non-franians, to Suhrab, who was Pirdn opposing the Iranians (ii 145), (ii, 261, 275, 324, deserter iii, 106), Pilsam (ii, 3.52), Tazh^v, an Iranian tiicre are other (iii, 28), Bazaniish (vi, 297), ami instances.'

' ' ' Page 84, line 3, for ca.mp enclosure read camp-enclosure.' CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 179

' ' ' Page 85, line 20, for end read beginning.' ' Page 87, bottom, add Rogers, The Shah-namah of Fardusi. Trans- lated from the original Persian. 1909. (A version in in partly verse and partly epitomized prose )

' ' ' Page 88, lines 11 and 17, for Ardibihisht read .\rdihihisht.' ' ' ' line 12 and bottom, for Sharivar read Shahrivar.' ' ' ' lines 12 and 26, for Farvardin read Farvvardin.' ' ' ' line 17 and page 89, line 3, for Adar read Azar.' ' ' ' Page 89, line 4, for Din read Dai.' ' ' ' ' Page 90, line 9, for 3 generations read 4 generations' and aid at bottom,' ' See Vol. v. p. 203.'

' for' Barmaiun. Kataiun.' reai Purmaya. Kaianush.' 15 add as son to Minuchihr • Zarasp.' ' 17, add as son to Tits Zarasp.'

' Page 92, line 5 add as descendant from Tiir Mali AfnM, d.' ' line 10, add as descendant of Wisa Kurukhan.' ' ' ' line II, for Piran read Piran = Gulshahr.' ' line 15, to descendants of Afrdsiydb add Manizha, d.= Bizhan '

' and delete Ruin.'

' ' ' line i-j, for Kurakhan read Kurakhan.'

' ' ' Page 93, lines 20 and 22, transpose EP and EHI.' Page 94, delete lines 4-5.

' bottom, add ZT. Chronique de Abou-Djafar-Mo'ham- med-Ben-Djarir-Ben-Yezid Tabari. Traduitc sur la version Persane d'Abou-'Ali Mo'hammed Bol'ami par M. Hermann Zotenberg.'

' ' ' Page 100, line 4, for Shaddad son of Ad read Shaddad son of 'Ad.' ' ' ' Page 100, Line 7, for Shaddad read Shaddad.'

' ' ' Page 100, line 10, for Nasiru'd read Nasiru'd.' Page 104, after line 4 insert—

' Thus is it now : what the world's end will be None knoweth openly or privily.' ' ' ' Page loC), line 12, for The read In,'

' ' ' Page 108, Line 15, for with read to.' Page 112, line 2, for 'The' read /«.' ' ' ' 8 from bottom, for light read blaze.' ' ' ' Page 113, line 7 and elsewhere, for Ind read Llind.' line 19, end, add full stop. Page 117, line 2, Delete 'FOR.' ' ' ' Page 1 18, line 4, for mountain of the holy read Mountain of the Lioly.' ' ' ' ' ' Page 120, line i, for Slain read slain and delete the Hand of.' Page 121, line 5, for 'Fight' read 'fight.' ' Page 126, line 5, add This is the first of many douLilets in the poem.' ' ' ' line 16, for gold read good.'

' ' ' Page 129, line 6 from bottom, for o read of.' i8o CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

' '

line . . Page 130, 11, after gallery insert . ' ' ' line 23, for have read find,' and add to reference 4 ' • WPT. i. 142. ' ' ' Page 131, line 15, for They read they.' Page 132, line 11, add full stop at end. ' ' ' Page 135, line 3, for departed from read abandoned.' line II from bottom, end, delete comma and insert full stop. ' ' ' Page 138, line 8 from bottom, delete thou my and read any.' ' ' ' Page 141, line 4 from bottom, for light read Grace.' ' ' ' Page 142, line 5 from bottom, for downstricken read down- stricken.'

' ' ' line 4 from bottom,/?)' Aspikan read Aspikan.' ' ' Page 143, line 7, for i read '2.' ' ' ' 15, for 2 read 3.' ' ' ' 20, for Baghdad read Baghdad.' ' ' 25, after Ispahan add reference number 4. 31, for reference number 3 read 5. 33> foy reference number 4 read 6. ' * bottom, after reference 3 insert ZT, i, 117,' and for reference numbers 4 and 5 read 5 and 6.

' ' ' Page 145, line 25, for Evil read evil.' ' ' ' Page 147, line 7, for Kurds read Kurds.' ' ' ' Page 161, line 6, for Bait al read Baitu'l.' ' ' ' Page 171, line 2, for HIS REIGN WAS read HE REIGNED.' ' ' ' Page 173, line 31, for glory read Glory.' Page 174, after line 21 add '§24. We have here another doul)lct, Cf. p. 290.'

' ' Page 175, line 13, for He,' read Be.' ' ' ' Page 181, line 13, delete never and insert it after children.' 2 from bottom, end, insert comma.

' ' ' Page 184, line 18, for except read unless.' ' ' ' Page 189, line 4 from bottom, for Envious read envious.' ' ' ' Page 199, line 7 from bottom, for Slain read slain.' ' ' ' Page 201, note, line 4, for Namah read Namah.' ' ' ' Page 205, line 9, for Born read born.' ' ' ' Page 207, line 13, for Chach read Chach.' Page 208, line 12, for 'wagons did they fill' read 'wains they filled.'

' ' ' Page 2oy, line ig, for no longer harbouroth read hath ceased to harbour.'

' ' ' line 20, for evident read plain.' Page 211, delete line 2 and read 'With treasure nnd brocade, dinars and gems.' ' ' ' Page 212, line 21, for All read all.' ' ' ' line 7 from bottom, for torquoise read turquoise.' ' ' ' ' ' ' Page 219, I'ue 5 from bottom, for a read the and after ball add reference number i. ' bottom, insert » See p. 79.' ' • • Page 221, line iS, f>>r .Announce re id announce.' ' ' ' line 7, from bottom, for he read He.' CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS i8i

' ' ' Page 2Z\, line 1 1. nf/er me insiyt stcay.' ' ' ' Page 2J.|, linr i j, for Stoj) to draw hrcalli read To brcatlic' ' ' ' 2 2, for nioralisinp; rtuid ni'imlliiif^." ' Page jj(>, li:u" 4. dc'L'/e of our." " ' ' ' ' Page 227, line J I, for Slain ri atl slam and drlclc llie Hand of.' ' ' ' Page 228. line g, for produce of it read fruit thereof.' ' ' ' Page 230, line 9, for our avenging read vengeful.' ' Page 236, after line 7 insert §18. Cf. previous reign, §24.' ' line 8, beginning, insert §29.' ' 5 from bottom, beginning, insert §31.' ' Page 237, bottom, note i, add But cf. Vol. v. p. 30.' ' Page 250, side reference, prefix V.' ' ' ' Page 252, line 15, for Danbar read Dambar.' ' ' ' Page 256, line 4, for Dunbar read Dambar.' ' ' ' Page 275, line 3 from bottom, for Explain read explain.' ' ' ' ' Page 2S0, line 9, and elsewhere, for Almighty read almighty when not absolute.

' ' ' Page 284, line i, for Aivare read aware.' ' ' Page 292, line 20, for War against read 'fight.' ' Page 293, end of note, add 309.' ' ' ' Page 299, line 6 from bottom, for Wroth read wroth.' ' Page 307, line 7 from bottom, add reference number i after lasso.' ' ' ' Page 325, line 11, for Sam read Zal.' ' P'T-ge 337. li"« 2, delete FOR.' ' ' ' Page 338, line 6, for Yast read Yasht,' and at bottom, note i, ' after i insert Cf. p. 59.' ' ' ' From 342, line 3 from bottom, for Knowhow read Know how.'

' ' ' Page 347, line 10, for lowered read loured.' P^o<^ 351. side reference, insert 2. ' 4 lines from bottom, insert comma after throb.' Page 352, line 4, delete semicolon. ' ' ' Page 354, line 21, for Guzhdaham read Gazhdaham.' Page 355, line 4 from bottom, delete comma at end. ' ' ' Page 358, line 6 and elsewhere, for Hirmund read Ilirniund.' Page 366, line 12, delete 'not.' ' ' ' Page 373, line 2, for HIS REIGN WAS read HE REIGNED.' ' ' ' Page 378, line 7, for lance read spear.' ' ' Page 380, line 6 from bottom, after harm add reference number i, ' ' and at bottom add BLHP, i, " Cf. 452. Jackson, From Constantinople to the Tomb of Omar Khayyam," p. 119.' ' ' ' Page 3S1, line 4 from bottom, for plants read plans.'

VOLUMIC II.

Page V, line 13, end, add— ' Page ix, line 25, delete Kai.' ' ' Page 3, line, 12, for' Katiuim read Kaldvun.' i82 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

Page 3, li:ie 15, to children of Gushtasp add Farshidward, Shfn'i, ' and thirty-seven others (un-named), for l^>ishu- ' ' ' ' ' tan read Kishutan aud for Afrid read Afri'd. bottom, after (20) insert =d. of Kaid. ' ' ' Page 5, line 20, after d'Or,' add full stop, and for tcxte read ' Texte.'

' ' Page 6, heading, for NOTE ON PRONUNCIATION read • ABBREVIATIONS.'

' ' ' Page 18, hne 4, for Kharzarwan read Khazarwan.' ' ' ' Page ig, line 18, for Turkestan read Turkistan.' Page 27, line i, delete full stop at end. ' line 4 from bottom. There is actually a tribe existing to this day among the Elburz Mountains, or the fastnesses of ancient Hyrcania, which still bears the name Div Sapeed.' S. G. W. Benjamin, Persia and the Persians, p. 302. ' Page 29, note i, add Vol. v, p. 116.' ' ' ' Page 61, line 9, for bears read bear.' Page 69 line 20 add semicolon at end. ' ' Page 81, line 3 from bottom, after crystal insert reference number 9 ' and at bottom add Ru'ns near Aivani-Kaif fKai?) some forty miles South-east of Tihran are still traditionally ascribed to Kai Kaus. See A. V. Williams Jackson. From Constantinople to the Home of Omar Khayyam, p. 123.' Page 89, line 25, end, insert comma. ' ' 26 after Kaus insert comma. ' ' Page 96, line 6 from bottom, after Zawara add reference miniher i ' and at bottom add 'This is the first mention of Rustam's brother.'

' Page 97, line 5, for • a Zam of read • Zam's stream with.' ' ' ' bottom, delete The name of a river and read i.e. tlie Oxus.'

' Page 103, line 12, for 'What ever' read Whr.lev cr.' ' ' ' Page 118, bottom, for i, p. 236 read v, p. 30.' ' ' Page 119, bottom, ajter V insert full stop. ' ' Page 121, line 21, after him insert reference number i, and at ' ' bottom add C. adds rightly : — They led him hcrdwards That their they might have portion from that steed ; As I have heard, he covered forty mares And one became with foal. Cf. p. 128 and NIN, p. 45 note i.' ' ' ' Page 157, line 7, for spoken read unspoken.' ' ' ' Page 196, line 16, for heart and eyes read Heart and Eyes.' ' ' ' Page 200, line 11, for she read She.' ' ' ' Page 221, line 13, for unled read unsoiled.' Page 224, end of last line, insert reference number i and add at ' » bottom See pp. 38 seq., 88 seq.' ' ' ' Page 225, ]in(^ 12, for All-righteous read all-righteous.' ' ' ' Page 229, line 16, for Who read who.' and clscivhcre. CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 183

' ' ' ' Page z.\-j, line 5 and elsewhere, for Almiglity read almighty ivhcn not absolute.

' ' ' Page 252, Une 4, for iny read iiiiiu.' ' ' ' Page 256, hne G from bottom, for caparisoncil read bctrapped.' Piigc 257, hue 2 from bottom, delete full stop niid insert comma at end.

' ' ' ' Page 261, hne 21 and elsewhere, for Holy read holy juJicn not absolute. Page 265, line 18, delete comma at end. ' ' Page 2S1, line 11, for 'Iran read Ti'uan.' ' ' ' Page 2S5, line i, for dressed read drest.' Page 306, line 14, end, insert semicolon. ' ' ' Page 310, line 4 from bottom, for All-holy read all-holy.' ' ' Page 312, line 4 from bottom, after league insert comma. Page 313, line 5 from bottom, end, Jwser/ comma. ' ' 4 from bottom after hearing insert comma. Page 321, line i, end, add reference number 1. 12, end, add reference number 2. ' bottom, insert > See p. 261. « See p. 293.' ' ' ' Page 328, line 11, for Kalur read Kalii.' ' ' ' 5 from bottom, for blunt read pointless.' ' ' ' 4 from bottom, for would go read hunted,' and insert full stop at end. ' ' ' 3 from bottom, delete To hunt,' and for at read • At.'

' ' ' Page 341, line 8 from hottom, for Kawa read Kawa.' Page 374, line 6 from bottom, end, insert reference number t. ' bottom, insert 'See p. 312.' Page 377, line 22, insert reference number 1. ' » bottom, insert See p. 273.' Page 384, line 7 from bottom, delete comma and insert full stop at end. " ' Page 390, bottom, delete and insert ". Page 395, line 3, end, insert reference number i. ' bottom, insert See p. 363.' ' ' ' Page 412, last line, for toward read tow'rd.'

VOLUME III.

Page 3, line 24, end, rt(fi' Kisari Mohan Ganguli and i)ublislied by.' ' Page 14, line 30, end, add reference number 5 a}id The text also allows the view that Fariid dwelt on Mount Sapad. See Vol. v, p. 30.' ' Page 15, Note i, end, add There was no difficulty in finding an ' additional rhyme without using Pashan.' ' ' ' ' Gashan (much) rhymes with Pashan in Vol. v)ii, p. 397 and note. Page 20, Une 22, end, add reference number i, and at bottom • ' Cf. Vol. I, p. 61.' ' ' ' Page 36, line 8, for Tis read 'Tis.' ' ' ' Page 45, line 2^, for that read thou.' 1 84 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

Page 59, line 17 and elsewhere, for 'Almighty' read 'almighty' when not absolute.

' ' Page 68, line 18, for stoncand read 'stone and.' note ' Page 83, 2, end, add (j). 10).' ' ' Page 84, line 7 from bottom and elsewhere, for All-holy read ' ' all-holy when not absolute. ' ' ' Page 102, line 22 for Omnijiotent read omnipotent.' ' ' ' Page iro, Une 2 and elsewhere, for Who read who.' ' ' ' 6, for Whom read whom.' Page 130, Hne 11, add comma, at end.

Page 134, line 6, end, add ! line 15, end, add ". ' ' ' ' Page 141, line 2 from bottom and elsewhere, for Holy read holy when not absolute.

' ' ' ' ' ' Page 148, note, for Pehlcvan read Pehlewan and after donna delete comma Page 151, line 4 from bottom, add full stop at end. ' ' ' Page 172, note, for Car read car.' ' ' ' Page 191, line 12, for Abul read 'Abu'l.' ' ' ' Page 194, line 8, for Khan read Khan.' ' ' ' Page 213, line 22, for Oleader read O leader.' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' Page 234, note, for Et read et and for comblan read com- blani.'

Page 237, line 7, prefix ". ' Page 241, line 22, delete far.' ' ' Page 251, note, for Sur read 'sur.'

Page 275, line 10, end, delete ! ' ' ' Page 285, line 8 from bottom, for fraicheur read fraicheur.' last line, add reference number 2. ' ' ' ' Page 287, side reference, for V. 1063 read V. 1065 and subse- ' quent side references consecutively, i.e., V. 1066,' ' V. 1067,' etc., up to page 305. ' ' ' Page 294, line 7, for buffalos read buffaloes.' ' ' ' Page 298, note, for La read la.' Page 304, line 11, delete semicolon and insert comma. ' Page 305, line 25, add side reference V. 1086,' and read subsequent ' side references consecutively, i.e., V. 1087.' ' V. 1088,' etc., up to page 356. ' ' ' Page 318, note, for II read il.' Page 328, line 12, end, insert semicolon. Page 348, line 15, add comma at end.

VOLUME IV.

Page V, line 5, end, delete iuU stop and insert — ' ' ' Page ix, line 10, for wrath read Wrath.' ' Page 8, line 10, end, add See Vol. vii, pp. 381, 422.' Page 31, line 6, delete comma and insert semicolon. Page 40, line 9, end, add reference number i. and insert at bottom ' • Cf. Vol. i, p. 386 and note.' CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 185

Page 85, note, prefix reference uuntjjcr i. note ' Page 139, 2. add It is interestinj,' to find the dog appearing in tlu' Hock of Tohit in which there are frunian

elements. Cf. Vol. iii, p. 271 and End. Brit.

T I th \'a\. s.v. ToLit.' Page 141, line 9, end, delete Page 143, line 6, from bottom, insert comma at end. Page 144, line S, delete comma and insert semicolon.

' ' ' Page 150, line 8, for butfalos read buffaloes.' §3. There appears to be a doublet here as Afrasiyab is first said to be beyond Jaz and then at Tiaigand, i.e., in the neighbourhood first of the Jaxartes and then of the Oxus, but the context favours the latter position. ' Page 155, line 10, delete and insert He ranged the army's centre and its wings.' ' Page 256, line i, delete and insert All lillcd with minstrelsy and harp and wine.' bottom, delete comma and insert semicolon. ' ' Page 259, line 7 from bottom, delete Barda', a cavern and insert ' to Barda', one ' ' Page 262, note 2, Add The situation of Barda' would, however, make Lake Gokcha more appropriate. Cf. P- ^59-' Page 304, line 14, end, delete comma and insert .semicolon. ' Page 324, line 12 from bottom, for 'shore' read river",' and at ' bottom add note » The Euphrates.' ' ' Page 3-5. li"e 8 after city add reference number i and at ' bottom add 7iote ' Shiirab. Cf. Vol. vii, p. 254-, ' ' ' ^3.ge 339, line i, for sea read river.' ' ' ' Page 340, line 3, for sea read stream.' ' ' ' Page 344, line 16, for sea read .stream.' ' ' ' 25. for sea read river.' ' ' ' 28, for sea read stream.' ' ' ' 31, for sea read stream.' Page 346, line iS, end, add reference number i, and at bottom add ' » note Cf. Vol. v, p. 233 note.'

VOLUME V.

Page 14, line 2 from bottom, end, add reference number 11, and at bottom '"Spitama seems to mean 'White.' See JZ, p. 13.' ' ' ' Page 30, line 19, for Girdkuh read Girdkiih.' ' line 24, add It has been stated by an oriental authority

that Dizh Gumbadan (' the Domed Fort ') and Girdkuh were identical. See LEG, p. 365.' ' ' ' Page 71, line 13, for his read a.' l85 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

' Pdge 71, lino 17, end, add reference number i and at Ix.ttom ' In Firdaiisi Ni'ish Azar is tlic son of Asfandiyar, but in D^ikiki may of course be a brother and the one referred to above.'

' ' Page 126, Unc 4, end, add reference number i and al bolloni Cf. p. 233 note.' ' ' Page 133, Hne 21, for wisdon read 'wisdom.' Page 160, line 23, end, add quotation mark.' Page 161, last line, end, insert full stop. Page 214, line 14, end, add quotation marl..' Page 277, line 8, insert full .stop. 6 from bottom, end, insert semicolon.

• Page 288, note i, add Cf. E.P. i, 256.'

VOLUME VI.

' ' ' Page vi, line 3, for Married read married.' ' ' ' Page ix, line 14, for Rumans read Riimans.' ' Page 3, line 8 from bottom, delete Rustam.' ' ' ' 7 from bottom, for Chubina read Cliubina.' ' ' ' ' 4 from bottom, for Shirwi read Shirwi ' ' ' Page 6, line 21, for Muller read Miiller.' ' ' ' Page 15, line 10, for legend read Legend.' ' note 3, add Cf. Vol. vii, p. 79.' ' ' ' ' Page 17, line i, for Mukaffa read Mukaffa' Page 39, line 6 from bottom, end, delete ? and iv.sert ! ' ' ' Page 64, bne 8, for Ravi read Ravi.' Page 81, line 2, end, insert hyphen. Page 89, line 5, for 'Married' read 'married.' Page 98, line 14, end, insert comma. Page 133, line 4, end, insert semicolon.

• Page 135, line 12 from bottom, read He must not jirixily devise.' ' ' ' 10 from bottom, for wise read sage.'

Page 136, line 4, end, insert ! Page 137, line 7, end, insert comma. Page .150, bottom line, end, insert comma. Page 154, line 13 from bottom, end, insert full stop. Page 161, line 20, end, insert reference number i. ' ^ bottom, insert note Cf. Vol. i, pp. 118, 132.' line ' ' insert ' Page 207, 7, after above (p. 195)-' Page 209, line 10, end, insert reference numbey 1, and at bottom add note ' ' Mohl, rightly according to Ncildeke (NIN, p. 26 and wo/e), reads 'S4m4nians' for 'Ashk^nians.' The former claimed descent from Bo.hram Chubina.' Page 210, line 13 from bottom, end, delete comma. ' Page 212, note, add Cf. p. 201.' Page 231, line 4 from bottom, end, insert comma. ' ' ' Page 250, line 9 from bottom, for Chubina read Clu'ihina.' Page 288, line 9, beginning, delete ". ' ' Page 291, line 10 from licttom, after Oh insert ! Page 292, line i, end, insert comma. I'agc 1 88 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS

line ' Page 227, 5 from bottom, after '_ crown insert comma. Page 231, bottom Hue, delete full stop and insert comma. ' Page 239 and 247, heading, read NOSHfRWAN.' ' ' ' Page 251, line 13 from bottom, for Garshasp read Gashasp.' Page 263, line 6 from bottom, delete comma and insert semicolon. Page 275, bottom line, end, insert comma. ' ' ' Page 300, line 11, insert comma after For and know.' ' ' ' Page 331, line 4, delete the arid insert from.' ' ' ' Page 348, line 20, for Sahh read Shah.' ' ' ' Page 369, line 18, for frowning face read looks afrown.' ' ' ' Page 395, line 10, for was read were.' ' ' ' 1 1, for were read was.' ' ' ' Page 400, line i, for crown read treasure.' ' ' ' 2, for treasure, for read crown because.' Page 41C, bottom line, for 'Almighty' read 'almighty.'

VOLUME VIII

' ' ' ' Page V, line 17, for answer read Answer ' Page viii, line 13 from bottom, add to Caesar.' ' ' ' Page XV, line 20, for PCHAP read HAP.' ' ' Page 72, line 21, for Khan's read Khan's.' ' ' Page 91, note, for Parwiz read Parwiz.' Page 122, line 14, delete first hyphen. Page 138, line 19, delete id. ' ' ' Page 143, line 10, insert comma after Letter and Parmiida.' ' Page 147, line 11, for 'great' read Great.' Page 153, line 18, delete iuU stop and insert coTama.. ' ' Page i8g, line 16, for Zab read ' Zab.' ' ' ' ' ' Page 190, line 16, for Garabzin,' Galabzin read Garabzi'n ' Galabzin '

' Page 191, line 12, according to Muir's The Life of Mohammad,' edited by T. H.Weir (1923), p. 431 note, the battle of Dhu Kar was fought A.D. 611. ' ' ' Page 192, note, for PCHAP read HAP.' ' ' Page 205, line 6 from bottom, after take insert reference number i ' » and at bottom add See Vol. 5, p. 156 note.' Page 225, justify hne 25. Page 265, line 22, delete full stop and insert comma. ' ' ' Page 270, line 5, for Luhrasp read Luhrasp.' ' ' ' line 6, for Asfanfiyar read Asfandiyar.' ' Page 272, line i, insert comma after one.' ' ' Page 279, line 4 from bottom, for and readers of the stars read ' with the astrologers.' ' ' ' Page 285, line 5, for great read Great.' ' ' ' Page 287, line 20, for achieved read accomplished.' Page 313, line 21, end, delete full stop and insert comma. Page 317, line 2 from bottom, delete comma. ' ' ' Page 327, line 13, for brave read Brave.' ' ' ' Page 328, bottom, for in haste read with speed.' ' ' ' Page 343, bottom, for gory read glory.' CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS 189

' l''i6^ 34^' ^'""^ ^ iTom bottom, for in a letter to the king.' ' read to the monaich in a k'tt( r.'

' ' ' Page 353. line 5. for If read It Page 362, line 1 1 from bottom, delete hyphen. ' ' ' Page 374, line 8, for Ot read Of.' ' ' ' Page 411, line 8, J^r the read thy.' ' ' ' Page 421, line 12 from bottom, for Gah'nus read Galinusli.'

GENERAL INDEX

This Index and t/ic General Table of Contents in this volume are complementary. References to the latter are in Italics.

Abii'l 'Abbds Fazl bin Ahmad, minister of Mahmiid and

Aaishma Dakva, demon, iii., 272 perhaps a patron of Fir- = Asmodeus probably, iii, dausi, i, 30, 100, iv, 141 272 account of, i, 36 Aban, genius, iii, 287, 328 disgrace of, may have af- 'Abbas, Arab chief, attacks Hur- fected Firdausi, i, 37 muzd, viii, 93 Abu'l Fazl, minister under the 'Abbasid, 'Abbasids, Muhamma- Samanids, father of Abu dan dynasty, vi, 327 'AH al Bal'ami who trans- rise of, i, 13 lated Tabari, vii. 430 fall of. i, 14 patron of Riidagf, vii, 3S3 Abbreviations, General List of, Abii'l Kasim (Firdausi, q.v.), i, ix, 135 24. 38, 99, 112, iv, 140, Abdaas, bishop, vi, 372 v, 89, 119, vi, 20, 207, Abraham, patriarch, vi, 65 viii, 28 Abtin (Aptya, Athwya), mythi- Abii'l Kasim of Gurgan, shaikh, cal Iranian hero, husband iii, 191

of Faranak and father of dream of, about Firdausi, iii, Fan'dun, ix, 53, 103 191 legend of, i, 145 Abii' Muzaffar. See Nasr. Zahhak slays, i, 151, 153 Abu Mansiir bin Abdu'r Razzak, Faridun avenges, i, 170 prince of Tiis, i, 67 seq., mythological origin of, i, vi, 16 171, 172, 174 Shahnama of, vi, 16 Abii-'Ali Muhammad, Persian probably compiled by poet, Shahncima of, i, 69 Magi for, i, 69, viii, 71, Abu Bakr, the first Khalifa 73 (A.D. 632-4), i, 12, ix, 76 importance of, for Fir- begins war with Persian dausi, viii, 73. Empire, ix, 66 Abii Mansur bin Muhammad, son of above (?), ijg Abu Dulaf, friend of Firdausi, i, patron of Firdausi, i, 29, no 35 murdered, i, 29, in assists Firdausi, i, 35 praise of, i, 1 10 reciter of the Shahnama, advice of, to Firdausi, i, i- 3^ 1 1 1 191 192 GENERAL INDEX

Abu Raihan Muhammad. See Afr4.siyab—cant. Albfnim'. seq., iv. 7, 8, 17, 19 seq., Abu uncle of Talib, Muhammad, 25. 29, 4^^. 5(>. 5^ seq., 65, 12 i, 66, 70, 75, seq., 83, 89, 93, Abi'i 'Ubaida, Arab general, ix, 66 94, 96, 103, 108, no, 113, in supersedes Khalid Syria, 117, 128, 129, 145, 146, ix. 66 150 seq., 192 seq., 235, 252, Abu 'Ubaida, Arab general, ix, 253. 273, 287, 289, 294 V. 67 12, 13, 21, 44, 62, 176, in made commander Persian 203, 208, vi, 15, 79, 177, campaign, ix, 67 240 and note, vii, 330, slain, ix, 67 335. 337. 359. viii, 2.42, of Accession a Shah, ceremony 30". 349, ix, 25, 103 at, vi, 409 one of the Zoroastrian triad

Achaemenid, Achaemenids, the, of evil, i, 59 and note first historical Persian mythological origin of, i, dynasty, i, 64, v, 10, 2S1, 337 vi, 194, 197, 198 first mention of, in Shah- Achshunvvar. See Akhshunwar. nama, i, 342 'Ad, father of Shaddad, q.v. advocates war with Nau- Arab tribe, viii, 276 dar, i, 343 'Adan, seaport and territory in bidden by Pashang to in- southern Arabia, vi, 386 vade Iran, i, 343 Adar. See Azar. sends Shamasas and Khaz- son of Adarbad, Mahraspand, arwan to invade Sistan, i, Zoroastrian Saint, v, 16 345 note marches to Dahistan, i, 346 ordeal 16 note of, v, writes to Pashang, i, 346 Aden. See 'Adan. encourages Barman to chal- Adonis, iv, 315 lenge the Iranians to

Aegean sea, vi, 204 single comibat, i, 347 Afrdsiyab, son of Pashang, ruler rewards Barman, i,3.|H of Turan one of the and fights with Naudar, i, 348 arch-enemies of Iran, 142- and seq. ^53, i. 42, 55. 72. ii, II, 13. encounters Karan, i. 350 14, 16 seq., 20, 79, 81, victorious, i, 350, 352 g8 seq., 118, 127, 149, 184, beleaguers Naudar in Dah- 189, 242 seq., 257 seq., 283, istan, i, 353 286, 288, 322 seq., 335, 347 sends Kuri'ikhan to attack

.

T93, 200 seq., 207 seq., 211, feats, i, 362 213, 218, 223, 228, 241, sends for, and slays, Naudar, 260 seq., 268, 271, 277 i, 362 seq., 285, 29.5, 298, 300, spares the other captives at 320, 333, 337, 339, 3A(> Ighrfras' request, i, 363 GHM-RAL IXDILX 103

Afrasiyab, imprisons the cap- AfrdsiyAb, sends Garsiwaz to tives at San, i, 363 summon Siyawush and advances to Rai, i, 3(^3 Farangi's to court, ii, 300 wroth ,vith, and slays, Igh- seq. rfras, i, 367 attacks, takes, and has fights v.-ith Zk\, i. 36S Siyawush executed, ii, 314 Pashang's vrath with, i, seq. 374 to by Farangis, ii, ^ appealed invades Irdn, i, 374 seq., 317 381 ill-treatment of Farangis by, sends Kuli'in to intercept ii, 320, 322 Kustam, i, 382 referred to, iv, 204 fights with Arabs for irkn appeal of Pirdn to, ii, 324 and takes it, ii, 92 referred to, iv, 205 king of Tiiran and Chin, ii, spares Farangis, ii, 325, and 99 her son Kai Khusrau, ii, expelled from fran by Kai 3^7 Kaus and Rustam, ii, loi interview of, with Kai Khus- ^

with the Seven ii, fights j rau, 332 iii referred Warriors, ii., seq. | to, iv, 205 nearly taken prisoner by sends Surkha against the Rustam, ii, 14, 116, 354, franians, ii, 344 iii, 242, 250 and note marches to avenge Sur- plot of, against Suhrab and kha, ii, 348 Rustam, ii, 129 fights with Tiis, ii, 353 gifts of, to Suhrab, ii, 130 rescue of, from Rustam by identical with Astyages in Human, ii, 354 legend, ii, 191 crosses the sea of Chin, ii, referred to, ii, 522, 347, 394, 356 iii, 206, iv, 145, 130, 194 consults Piran about Kai invades fran, ii, 224 seq. Khusrau, ii, 336 dream of, ii, 232, 243, 297, returns, ii, 362 iv, 170, 267 vengeance of, on fran, ii, determines to sue for peace 3 ^'3 and sends hostages, ii, pursues Kai Khusrau, ii, 235 seq. 388 seq. receives Zanga and consults disgraces Piran, ii, 390 Piran, ii, 253 seq. turns back at the Jihi'in, ii, sends Pi'ran to welcome 394 Siyawush, ii, 258 Kai Kluisrau's oath to take plays at polo with Siya- vengeance on, iii., 21 wush, ii, 264 hears of the approach of marries Farangis to Siya- the Iranian host, iii, wush, ii, 275 71 recalls Siyaw-ush, from bids Piran gather troops, Gang-dizh, ii, 285 iii, 71, 79 sends Garsiwaz to Siya- numbers the host, iii, 79 wushgird, ii, 289 loss of kindred of, in battle, deceived by Garsiwaz res- iii, 94 106 pecting Siyawush, ii, 296 rewards Pirdn, iii, seq. reinforces Piran, iii, 118 VOL. IX. N 194 GENERAL INDEX

Afrasiyab, announces to his AfrasiyAb, receives tidings from chiefs the defeat of his Piran, iv, 77 of iv. host, iii, 242 = king Gang, 134 exhorted by his host to con- Kai Khusrau's great war tinue the war, iii, 243, 249 with, 152, iv, 133 seq. makes his preparations, iii, encamped at Baigand (Kun- 243. 250 duz), iv, T51 sends Farghar to spy on hears ill tidings of Piran and Rustam, iii, 250 of the host, iv, 151 consults with Shida, iii, 250 distress of, iv, 152

describes Rustam, iii, 251 swears to be avenged on Kai receives Farghar's report, Khusrau, iv, 152 of iii. 253 hears of the advance Kai consults with Piran, iii, 253 Khusrau, iv, 153 bids Piran continue the war, harangues and equips his iii, 254 host, iv, 153 sends Shida to summon patrols the Jihun with boats, Puladwand, iii, 255 iv. T53 consults Puladwand, iii, 256 holds a council, summons interferes in the fight be- Kurakhan, and crosses the tween Rustam and Pulad- Jihun, iv, 154 wand, iii, 263 sends Kurakhan with half withdraws to Chin and the host to Bukhara, iv, Machin, iii, 265 goes in pursuit of Rustam marches to Amwi, iv, 154 and is defeated, iii, 280 encamps in Gilan, iv, 155 hears of the case of Bizhan arrays his host, iv, 155 and Manizha iii, 301 takes his post at the centre, consults Kurakh4n, iii, 301 iv, 153 sends Garsiwaz to search gives Shida command of the Manizha's palace, iii, 301 left wing, iv, 155 sentences Bizhan to death, sends Jahn to guard Shida's iii. 304 rear, iv, 155 respites Bizhan, iii, 308 gives a grandson command imprisons Bizhan, iii, 309 of the right wing, iv, disgraces Manizha, iii, 309 156 escapes from Rustam, iii commands to Gurdgir, 348 Nastiih, Ighriras, and bids Piran prepare for war, Garsiwaz, iv, 156 iii. 349 proposes to invade Nimruz, arrays the host against iv, 156 Rustam, iii, 350 reviews the host and pre- flees from Rustam, iii, 352 pares to encounter Kai goes to Ivhallukh, iv, 10 Khusrau, iv, 15S addresses his nobles, iv, 10 urged by Shida not to sends Shida to Kharuzm, delay the attack, iv, 159 iv, II. reply of, iv, 160 PirAn against fran, iv, 11 wishes to meet Kai Khusrau reinforcements and bids in single combat, iv, i6i him break off negotia- sends Shida on an embassage tions with Giv, iv, 20 to Kai Khusrau, iv, iGi GENERAL INDEX 195

Afrdsiytib, hears of Shida's Afrdsiyib, arrays his host to death, iv, 176 light with K;'.i Khusrau, grief of, iv, 176 iv, 220 commands in person against offers Kai Khusrau peace or Kai Khusrau, iv, 179 single combat, iv, 221 sends Jahn to the left, iv, fights a general engagement 180 against Kai Khusrau, iv, reinforced by Garsiwaz, iv, 223, 226 181 defeated and escapes by forced by Garsiwaz and flight, iv, 227 Jahn to quit the field, iv, army, of, surrenders to Kai 182 Khusrau, iv, 228 returns to camp, iv, 1S3 takes refuge at Gang-dizh, abandons his camp and re- iv, 230 crosses the Jihun, iv, 184 captive kindred of, sent to joins forces with Ivurakhan, Kai Kaus by Kai Khus- iv, 186 rau, iv, 232 staj'S at Bukhara, iv, i

Afrasiyab, daughter of = Fa- Ahran, has the dead dragon con- rangis, iv, 304 veyed to Caesar's court, Khan of Chin descended iv, 348 from, vii, 334 marries Caesar's third hoard of, viii, 14S, 406 daughter, iv, 348 Africa, vi, 30 Mirin and, display their Afri'gli, king of Kh'.razm, ii, 190 accomplishment on the 'Afrit, genie, i, 42 riding-ground, iv, 349 Agani, Sargon I. of, v, 293 Caesar's wrath with Mirin Age, old, Firdausi's lament over and, iv, 351 his, ii, 336 Mirin and, send a scornful Golden. See Golden. inessage to Caesar, iv, 353 the Aghraeratha (Ighn'ras, q.v.), iv, set to guard baggage, 137 iv, 355 the Evil i Zoroastrian Aghrerad (Ighn'ras, q.v.), i, 338 Ahriman, Aghriras. See Ighriras. Principle, sometimes used Agni, Vedic personification of metaphorically, 139,1, 5, 6, fire, ii, 25 50, 134. 138, 159, 194.205, Ahdn^mak (Andarznamak), Pah- 2t8, 236, 238, 241. 245,

lavi treatise, vi, 257 287, 315, 360 ; ii, 34, 42, Ahmad, son of Isma' il, Sdmanid, 43. 51. 53. 56, 78, 160. vii, 383 208, 214, 217, 250, 260, Ahmad, son of Sahl, lord of Marv, 303. 315. 324. 358, 3f>i. V, 260, 261 374 seq., 405 seq. ; iii, Ahmad, Fazl son of. See Abii'l 17, 123, 214,228, 2.51,266, 'Abbas Fazl. 275, 277, 287, 293, 294. Ahmad Hasan Maimandi, minis- 300, 303, 304, 314, 316,

ter of Mahmiid, i, 32, 39, 318, 338 ; iv, 23, 41 seq., 45 45, 46, 89, 103, 124, 128, Ahmad ibn Muhammad, patron 130, 162, 163, 179, 206,

of Firdausi, i, 29 243, 272, 288, 342, 348,

Ahran, Ruman chief, 154, iv, 352 ; V, 17, 33, 36, 45, 50, 342 seq., 353 90, 99, 103, 122, 123, 125, bidden by Caesar to slay the 147, 177, 198, 206, 246, dragon of Mount Sakila, 271, 276; vi, 106, IT2, IV, 342 206, 240, 281, 290, 299, takes counsel with Minn, 318, 384; vii, 89, 233, iv, 342 265, 271, 290, 312, 323, Mirin to referred by Hishwi, 334. 359. 366, 367, 369 ; iv, 344 viii, 19, 21, 22. 86, 87, 176, Ahran, required by Gushtasp to 177, 198, 210, 219, 243. liini furnish with arms, iv, 293. 333. 3f>4. 421 ; ix, 345 8, 18, 73, 74, 79, 91 goes with Gushtasp and envies Gaiiimart, i, 118 Hishwi to Mount Sakila, son of (the Black Div), i, 119 iv, 34^' Surush warns Gaiumart Hishwi and, welcome (kish- against, i, 119 tcisp on his return, iv, ridden by Tahmuras, i, 125, 347 127

to = Zahhak, i, 162 gives gifts Gusht4.sp, iv, = 347 Salm and 'J"ur, i, 194 GENERAL INDEX 197

Ahriman=AfrAsiyAb, i, 366 Akwan, appears in the form of Faith an = of, ii, 358 ; vi, 281, 290 onager, iii, 273 seq. = idolatcT, viii, 54 pursued by Kustam, iii, 275 Band\vi or Guslaliam, foils Kustam, iii, 276 viii, takes Kustam at a disad- = Sy Kharrad, son of Jiarzin, vantage, iii, 276 viii, III offers Kustam a choice of = Bahram Chiibina, viii, 295 deaths, iii, 277 Ahuna Vairya, Zoroastrian outwitted by Kustam, iii, sacred formula, v, 17 277 Ahura Mazda (Urmuzd), the slain by Kustam, iii, 28 1 Prin- Zoroastrian Good described by Rustam, iii, 282

ciple, i, 116, 235 ; ii, 23 Al, place, ix, 93 81 ; iv, 137 Alans (Alani), people, now the Ahwaz, city and province Ossetes of the Caucasus,

(KhuzistAn, Susiana), i, 141, 167, i, 217 ; iv, 14, 28G ; vi, 35, 199, 298, 357; 60, 65, 301 ; vi, 395 ; vii, 197, 198, 201, 214, viii, 36<) viii 224 ; 400, 402 invade Iran, i, 19 Airan-ve^o (Iran-vej q.v.), ii, i8g castle of the, i, 223 Akem IVIanau, Zoroastrian de- taken by Karan, i, 223, mon, iii, 271, 272 seq. =Akuman = Akwan, iii 272 castellan of, duped by assails Zarduhsht v, 17 Karan, i, 224 Akesines (Chinab), Indian river, monarch of, vi, 395 vi, 31. 64 Nushirwan's dealings with,

Akhast, Turanian hero, 151 ; vii, 216, 239 seq. iv, 105 King of = Khusrau Parwiz, chosen to fight with Zanga, viii, 208, 209, 213 iv, 97 Alar, a village in Ardshir-Khurra slain by Zanga, iv, 106 q.v., vi, 205 Akhshunwar Abu Raihan ]\Iuham- ( Achshunwar) , Albfriini, Haitalian king, vii, i6o mad, Oriental author and Akki, foster-father of Sargon I chronologist (A.D. 973- of Agani, v, 293 1048), ii, 189 Aknaton, Pharaoh (XVIII account of Alfir (Gangdizh ?) dynasty) by, ii, 190 lover of peace like Yazda- Alburz, mountain-range south of gird, son of Shapiir, vi, 371 the Caspian, also mythi- 'Akr Babil, prison, viii, 194, 196 cal range (Hara-bcre- Akuman. See Akem Manau. zaiti) surrounding the Akwan, div, J50, iii, 270 seq., 280 earth, 142, i, 4, 71, 145, seq., 284, 309 158, 235, 248, 250, 277,

Story of, iii, 271 298, 351. 373 ; ii. II. 23,

Professor Noldekc on the, 27, 79. 96, 1-14. 336, 401 ; 202 iii, 271 iii, 120 ; iv, 136 ; v, ;

Firdausi on, iii, 273, 281 vii, 177 ; ix, 95 boukler of, iii, 271, 27O, 309, Faridiin taken by his mother 343. 344. 347 to, i, 152 removed from pit's mouth Zci.1 cast away, and found, by Kustam, iii, 345 upon, i, 241 seq. iq8 GENERAL INDEX

Alburz, Kai Kubad brought by Alexander the Great, Roxana

Rustani from, i, 3.S2 scq. (Rushanak) and, vi, 30, 32 Kai Kaiis' buildings on, ii, reign of, first years of, in 81 history and romance, vi, Aleppo (Chalybon - Beroea), city 30 in northern Syria, vii, Darius' banquet, his flight

218 ; viii, 41 from, vi, 30 Alexander I, king of Epirus his pursuit of, vi, 31 Italian expedition of, vi, 12 murderers of, his treat- attributed to Alexander ment of them in history the Great, vi, 12 and romance, vi, 32, 33 Alexander the Great (Sikandar daughter of, marries, vi, q.v.), B.C. 356-323. son of 33 Philip II of Macedon and Eakirs and, vi, 61 his queen Olympias, 1,14, Calanus and, vi, 61 8 historical ac- 49 ; ii, seq. ; iv, 314 ; Porus and,

V, 30 ; vi, 193, 194, 204, count of, vi, 63 his visit 252, 253, 373 ; vii, 383 camp of, to, vi,64

barrier of, i, 16 ; vi, 78 iron steeds, his device of, vi, legend of, in the Kuran, 64 vi, 78 stature of, vi, 64 persecutor of Zoroastrian- Cleophis and, vi, 65 visit ism, i, 15, 59, 61, 63, 338 Ammon, Oasis of, his paternity of, i, 55 and note ; to, vi, 65 vi, 16, 18 Candace (Kaidafa) and, vi, one of the Zoroastrian triad 65 5^^. as- of evil, i, 59 and note Antigonus (Naitkun), said to have burnt the Zoro- sumes name of, vi, 66

astrian scriptures, i, 63 Plutarch's Life of, vi, 67

Zoroastrianism under, i, 63 Brahmans, visit of, to the, Era of, ii, 190 vi, 67 accompanied by experts to Indus mistaken for the Nile the East, vi, 11 by, vi, 68 Romance of, origin and marvels of his return-jour- growth of, vi, 12 seq. ney, vi, 69 diagram to illustrate, vi, admiral of (Nearchus), vi, 69 84 Amazons and, vi, 12, 72 Syriac Christian Legend of, legend of, vi, 72 See Syriac. Gloom and Fount of Life, Muhammad's references to, legend of his expedition in the Kuran, vi, 15, 77 to, in the Pseudo-Cal- Persian national hero, how listhenes, vi, 74 seq. he became, vi, 15 Andreas, his cook, legend of, cities founded by, vi, 13, vi, 76 18 in the Kuran, vi, 77 name, Persian legend of his, Will of, vi, 81 vi, 19 death of, vi, 82 Aristotle, tutor of, vi, 29 dispute over his place of letter to, vi, 68 interment, vi, 82 correspondence about the corpse of, taken to Memphis, succession with, vi, 81 vi, 82 GENERAL INDEX 199 with, and worsts, Alcxaiukr, the Great, interred at Alkus, fights Zawara, ii, H5 Alexandria, vi, 82 Kustani, ii, 113 8z slain by lonil) of, vi, Muhammadan name of Mas'i'uH on, vi, 82 Allah, 82 the Deity, i, 5" S. Chrysostom on, vi, Khalifa Al Mansur, 'Abbasid wars on the death of, vi, of 754-775). founder 197 (A.D. Baghdad, vi, 254 Alexander, son of Alexander the Almds, river, iii, 251 Great and Cleophis (?). vi, Sul- Alp-Arselan (Arslan), Seljuk 65 tan (A.D. 1063-1073), n, Alexandria (Iskandariya q.v.), 219 note and sea-port in of the Ghazni- city Alptigin, founder 15. 17. 83 20 Egypt, vi. 13. vid dynasty, i, founded Alexander the by Altuniya, place, ix, 92 Great, vi, 13 Aiwa, Rustam's spear-bearer, Pseudo-Callisthenes orig- slain by Kamus, I49' inated at, vi, 13 188 the Great, buried iii, Alexander, Iranian hero, probably 82 Aiwa, at, vi, identical with the above, his tomb at, vi, 82 V, 166 Mas'iidi on, vi, 82 slain by Niish Azar, v, on, vi, 82 S. Chrysostom 226 Alfir (Gangdizh ?), palace-fort- Amasis, viii, I93 of the of tress capital Amazons, their disputed visit to ii, 190 Kharazm, Alexander, the Great, vi, See Hatra. Al Hadr. 12, 72 'AH, husband of Fatima, daugh- origin of, vi, 71 ter of Muhammad, and described, vi, I53 5<'?- fourth Khalifa (A.D. 656 Sikandar's correspondence —661) with, and visit to, vi, i53 106 Muhammad on, i, 12, Piriiz - cult of, i, 13 Ambar (Anbar, Shapur), " bank of known as the Lion," i, 13. city on the left 107 the Euphrates some forty assassination of, i, 13 miles west of Baghdad, son of Firdausi's references to, i, founded by Shapur 106, 107; Urmuzd II.) The 24. 37. 40, 41. (Sapor" note means ii, 337 and word granaries." 188 friend and i viii, 'All, the Dilamite, vi, 3-7 of, attributed to helper of Firdausi, i, 35 '• foundation Azdites, i, it ix, 121 the transcriber of the Sh4h- Ambassadors, instances of kings in nama, i, 39 and chiefs going person use as ambassadors or spies, Alif, terminal, Firdausi's of, vi, iii. 283 3^5 Al Iskandariis. See Ilalai. Ambuh, place, iii-, 41 the Green god per- Al Khidr (Khisr q.v.), Amen-Ra, Egyptian note Nectanebus. Prophet, vi, 78 and sonated by vi, 16 Alkiis, Turanian hero, ii, 114 200 GENERAL INDEX

Ameshapentas, tlio, personifica- Andalus (Land of the West oy of tions of good (]ualitics in the Vandals), Spain, r^^g, Zoroastrian tlicology, iii, vi, 66, 122, 138 V. of 271 ; 15 seg. queen (Kaidafa (j-v.), vi, 121 Amida (Diyarbakr), city on the sec/. upper Tigris, vii, 187 Andaman, Iranian noble, viii, Ami'n, 'Abbasid Khalifa, (A.D. 202 809-S13), i, 14 Andarab, town in Afghanistan Ammianus Marcellinus (4th cen- between Balkh and Kabul, tury A.D.) Roman histor- iv, 65 ian, V, 13 Andariman, Turanian hero, 151, Oasis the 26 Ammon, of, Alexander ii, 264 ; iv, ; v, 29 Great's visit to, vi, 30, 65 fights with Gustaham, iv, 87 'Ammuriya, Riiman stronghold steed of, slain by Hajir, iv, in Asia Minor between 87 Sivri Hisar and Ak-Shahr rescued by the Turkmans, probably representing the iv, 87 ancient Amorium but chosen to fight with Gurgin, sometimes confounded iv, 97 with Angora (Anguriya) slain by Gurgin, iv, 104 the ancient Anc3'ra fur- Andariman (Vajjdarcmaini), ther to the north-east, vi, brother of Arjasp, v, 12, 23 note, 89, viii, 46 (C/. 141. 135 LEC. pp. 134, 153) commands one wing of the Failakiis marches from, host, V, 46 against Darab, vi, 23 executed by Asfandiyar, v, Amorium. See 'Ammuriya. 158 Amr, Arab chief, attacks Hur- Andarznamak (Ahdnamak), muzd, viii, 93 Pahlavi treatise, vi, 257 in Amul, city Mazandaran, i, 145, Andiv, country, viii, 313 177. 289, 298, 344, 366, Andiyan, Iranian wairior, jy2

367 ; ii, 18, 104 ; v, 284 ; viii, 225, 257, 259, 269, 293,

vii, 89, 237 ; viii, 355, 294, 296 86 Caesar's talis- SSfJ, 358, 392 ; ix, deceived by Amul. See Amwi. man, viii, 273 Amulet, of Kai Khusrau, iv, 133 Bahram Chubina writes to, given by Zarduhsht to As- viii, 285 fandiyar, v, 130 receives Kirman, viii, 313 Amwi (Amul, Amuyah, now Andreanticus, sea, vi, 77 Charjui), city on the left Andreas, Alexander the Great's bank cf the Oxus where cook, crossed by the route from legend of, vi, 76 seq. Marv to Bukhar4, iv, 11, in Kurdn, vi, 77 65, 154, 184, 206; vii, Androphagoi, the, iii, 191 91 and note. 331, 357,359; Anestres Castri = Nushirwan, vii,

yiii. 354 383 Andbdeh, vi, 32 Angora. See 'Ammuriya. Ana.^sth(?tics, employment of, i, Angra Mainyu =Ahrinuin, ii, 28 236, 321 seq. Animals, domestication of, i, 126 An bar. See Ambar. Ant, the, l-irdausi's plea for, i, Ancyra. Sec Ammuriya. 201 and note GENERAL INDEX 20I

Antahiya (Antioch), city in .\rab, Arabs, 162, i6j, ii, 79, 81,

Syria on the Orontes, i6j, 99 ; iii, 14 ; iv, 14 ; v,

viii, 41 31 ; vi, 66, 171, 209, 254, taken by Niishirwan, vii, 321 seq., 377, 385, 396,

218, 25S scq. 398, 402, 406 ; vii, 10, Anligonus (Naitkun), name as- 107, 201, 219, 244, 245, the sumed by Alexander 247 ; viii, 67,94, 188, 190, Great in legend, vi, 191, 208, 230, 241, 250,

66 251 ; ix, 3. 5. 25, 60, 69, Antioch. See Antakiya. 70, 72, 75 seq., 79, 89. 92, New, vii, 218, 250 94 seq., 114, 117 Antiochus, Macedonian general, migration of, northward, i, vi, 76 1 1

Antiochus Sidetes, ii, 80, 81 raids of, into Persian terri- 12 21, Aogemaide, Pahlavi treatise, iv, tory, i, ; vi, 17, 136 over Antipater, regent in Macedonia domination of, Iran, 1, for Alexander the Great, 12 seq.

= Mardas, i, intrigued against by king= 135 Olympias, vi, 82 Zahhak, i, 139, 275 Aphrodite, goddess, iv, 315 rebellion of, against Kai Apollo, god, and the Python, Kaiis, ii, 83 vi, 203 Afrasiyab fights with, for

Apologues, i, 242, 265, 285 ; fran, ii, 92 Darab demands tribute from iii, 332 ; iv, 18, 21, 28, 86 22 47 ; vi, 310 ; ix, vi,

260 ; vi, Apothegms, i, 259, ; 11, 157, steed, i, 243, 251, 290 11 1 58, 170, 224, 254, 273, 380 ; viii, 126, 302 ; ix, 298, 300, 313, 315, 330. cymbal, vi, 244

invasion ; ix, 357. 383 ; iii. 53. 9i. 96, of, viii, 72, 93 167, 188, 212, 260, 277, 3. 65 seq. 301, 316, 341, 348, 350, withdraw, viii, 96

351 ; iv. 13. 32, 33, 38, sage, sages, vii, 406 39. 59, 93. 108, 121, 131, quoted, vii, 277

268 ; V, 78, 105, 168, 214, tribes, ix, 65 over Dhu 242, 249, 250, 265 ; vi, triumph of, Kar, 66 50, 303. 343 ; vii, 17, 18, ix, 20, 42, 270, 277, 296, 301, chieftain, incites Abu Bakr to invade ix, 66 403 ; viii, 119, 166, 206, Persia, at ix, 215, 221, 235, 295 ; ix, concentrate Kddisiya, 87, 88, no 67 Apprentice, a merchant's, enter- booty found by, at Ctesi- tains, and finds favour phon (?), ix, 68 with, Bahrani Gur, vii, annex Mesopotamia, ix, 68 40 seq. Khiizistan, ix, 68 Apries (Pharoah-Hophra, B.C. = 'Umar, ix, 72 589-570). vi, 16 seal, ix, 82 Apsheron, peninsula on the =:Sa'ad, ix, 84 western shore of the Cas- defeated, ix, 85 dream of, viii, pian, i, 58, note Nushirwin's Aptya. See Ablin. 66 seq., ix, 92 202 GENERAL INDEX

loo Arabia, ii, ; vi, 70, 72, 206, Araxes (Aras q.v.), battle of, viii,

322, 355 ; viii, 24 note 76 1 1 trade of, ancient, i, Arayish-i-Kum (1 lierapolis), city Iran and, the portion of in northern Syria, west Traj, i, i8y of the Euphrates and Shapiir son of Urmuzd's north of Aleppo, vii, 217, 188 expedition to, vi, 322 218, 254 ; viii, Arabian, Arabians, vi, 378, 388, taken by Niishirwan, vii, ix, 74. 85 255 Faith, vi, 95 Arba, river, viii, 194, 195

Nights, i, 51 ; vi, 71,78,250; Archer, iv, 179 vii, 317 constellation, v, 86

provenance of, vi, 250 ; Archery, i, 263, 297, 312, 359 ;

vii, 3 n, 163, 266, 293, 328 ; quoted, vi, 73 iii, 53 scq.. 74, 93. 9^ seq..

Arabic, language, i, 32 ; vi, 179 scq., 246 ; iv, 38, 48,

147, 205 ; viii, 73 ; ix, 99, loi, 102, 104, 107, 122, 81 179. 338; V, III, 122, in infrequent Shahnama, i, 229, 239 seq., 272 ; vi, 47 379, 383 seq. ; vii, 54, versions of Pahlavf texts, vi, 55, 80, 118, 122, 125 255 seq. Archimages, 141, 168, lyo, iy6 Fables of Bidpai (Kahla and Architect, Riiman, and Khusrau Dimna) translated into, Parwiz, viii, 401 seq. vii, 382, 430 Architecture, invention of, i, Tabari. See Tabari. 129, 133 Arachosia, the district about Archscribe, 171. See Izid Gas- Kandahar, vi, 32 hasp and Mihran.

Aragan (Ramkubad), town, vii, Ard, day, i, 88, q.v., ii, 287 ; iv, 188 252 ; vi, 298, 390 and note 10 Aral Sea, i, 57 ; iii, note ; vii, 112 ; ix, 70, Arar tree, vi, 19 122 Aras (Araxes), river in Azar- Shahnama finished on the baijan, v, 13, 14 day of, i, 24 - confused with the Oxus, i, Ardabil (Badan Piruz q.v.), city 71. 370 in Azarbaijan, ii, 336, 405, of the 188 Arash, king Khiizians iv, 147, ; vii, 89, 163,

q.v., iv, 146, 148 224 ; viii, 93, 99, 100, Arash, son of Kai Kubad. See 184, 226 Kai Arash. Ardawan, Bahrdm, Artabanus Arash, Ashkanian king, vi, 197, III or IV, the last Ash- 210 kanian (Parthian) king, Arash, Iranian chief, vi, 394 160, 161, vi, 3, 205, 214 Arash, city. See Hulwan. seq., 254 seq., viii, 214, 285 Arastalis (Aristotle q-v.), j6o, Macrinus, his war and treaty

vi, 35 with, i, 81 counsels Sikandar, vi, 179 effect of, on Persian coin-

sentences of, over the coltin age, i, 81 of Sikandar, vi, 185 = Bahram, vi, 197, 210 Aristi, uncle of Zarduhsht (Zor- status of, in Persian tradi- oaster), V, 17 tion, \i, 201 GENERAL INDEX 203

ArtlawAn, daughter of i6t, vi, ArdawAn, secretary of, slain by 202 Shapur, vi, 256 marries Ardshir PApakdn, = Mihrak = Mithrak = vi, 202, 229 Madik (?), vi, 256 incited by her brother Ardibiliisht, ameshaspenta q.v., Bahman to poison Ard- iii, 286, 328 82 shir Pajiakan, vi, 259 month, i, ; v, 16, 39, condemned to death, vi, 92 note 260 Ardshir, son of Bizhan, saved by Ardshir Papa- goes with Zarir to Rum, iv, kan's minister, vi, 260 360 gives birth to Shapur, vi, hails Gushtisp as Shah, iv, 261 362 restored to favour, vi, Ardshir, son of Gushtdsp, 15^, v, 265 26, 51 writes to Papak, vi, 214 death of, foretold by Jam- summons Ardshir Papakan 4sp, v, 49 to court, vi, 214 slain, v, 57 receives gifts from Ardshir Ardshir, Iranian hero, perhaps Papakan, vi, 215 the son of Bizhan, supra highly esteems Ardshir tells Nastiir where to find Papakan, vi, 215 Zarir, v, 67 sons of, vi, 215, 255, 267 takes Fardmarz prisoner, v, note 288

their fate, vi, 228, 229 and Ardshir (Bahman q.v.), Shah, vi, tiote, 259 213, 271 and note disgraces Ardshir Papakan, meaning of, v, 259 and note vi, 216 Ardshir (Artaxerxes II), brother Ardshir Papakan intrigues of Shapur, Sasanian Shah, with slave-girl of, 160, vi, 163, vi, 3, 328 201, 217 seq. Shapur arranges for the suc- eldest son of, made ruler of cession with, vi, 360 seq. Pars, vi, 218 and note title of, vi, 364 consults the astrologers, vi, abdication of, vi, 364 218 Ardshir, high priest temp.^ Ardshir Papakan, vainly Piriiz, vii, 179 seq. pursued by, vi, 221 seq. released by Khushnawdz, returns to Rai, vi, 223 vii, 180 writes to his son about Ardshir, high priest temp. Ardshir Papakan, vi, 223 Nushirvvdn, vii, 304, 333, Ardshir Papakan marches 337. 34^ against, vi, 227 discourse of, vii, 305 prepares to encounter Ard- questions Buzurjmihr, vii, shir Papakdn, vi, 227 308 - - defeated, captured by Khar- Ardshir Khurra (Khurra i Ard- rad, and slain by Ardshir shir), city, (Gur or Jur, Papakan, vi, 228 now iMruzabad), and dis- buried by Tabdk, vi, 229 trict in Pdrs, vi, 199, 205, palace of, at Rai spared (?) 206, 229 and note, 231, by Ardshir Pdpakdn, vi, 241, 245; vii, 206; viii, 229 and note 251, 252, 412 and note 204 GENERAL INDEX

Ardshir Khurra, city, Ardshir Ardshir Papakan, adherents flock Papakan builds a I'lrc- to, vi, 223 temple in, vi, 230 addresses his supporters, vi, makes irrigation-works in, 224 vi, 230 founds a city, vi, 202, 224 meaning of, vi, 290 -note receives promises of help, Ardshir Papakan (Artaxerxes I), vi, 224 Shah and founder of tlie joined by Tabdk, vi, 225 Sasanian dynasty, 160, Tabak and, defeat Bah- 10 161 ; i, 42 ; ii, 10 ; v, ; man, son of Ardawan, vi, vi, 193, 209 note, 213 seq., 226 294 seq., 303, 307, 315, marches from Pars against

322, 325, 405 ; vii, 79, Ardawan, vi, 227

185, 212 ; viii, 191, 214, defeats and slays Ardawan, 222, 265, 270, 285, 392, vi, 228 393; ix, 105, 109, III as recorded in Karnamak, Notes on, vi, 193 seq., 254 vi, 202 seq. gives the spoil to the troops, founds a new national vi, 229 dynasty, restores Zoroas- spares (?) Ardawan's palace trianism, and collects its at Rai, vi, 229 and note

scriptures, i, 62 seq. Tabak counsels, vi, 229 genealogical table of his marriage of, with Ardawan's descendants, vi, 3 daughter, vi, 202, 229, 259 rise of, compared to that of returns to Pars, vi, 229 Cyrus the Great, vi, 194 builds Khurra-i-Ardshir, vi, Tabari's account of, vi,i98 229 and note legend of Cyrus the Great irrigation-works of, at transferred to, vi, 195 Khurra-i-Ardshir, vi, 230 birth of, vi, 213 war of, with the Kurds, vi, summoned to court by Arda- 196, 230 seq. wan, vi, 214 and Haftwad,vi, 236 seq. equipped by Papak, vi, 214 message sent by arrow to, presents gifts to Ardawan, vi, 238 vi, 215 worsted by Haftwad and Ardawan favours, vi, 215 entertained and coun- prowess of, in the chase, vi, selled by two youths, vi, 215 239 seq. disgraced, vi, 216 slays Mihrak, vi, 241 writes to Papak, vi, 216 marches to attack the Worm advised by Papak, vi, 216 vi, 241 intrigues with Guln4r, vi, gives instructions to Shahr-

217 seq. gi'r, vi, 241 hears from Gulnar of the stratagem of, against the presage of the astrologers, Worm, vi, 242 vi, 219 slays the Worm and its flees with GulnAr to Pars, attendants, vi, 244 vi, 220 seq. summons Shahrgir, vi, 244 followed by the divine Grace and note in the form of a mountain- takes Haftwcid's stronghold, 221 sheep, i, 374 ; vi, seq. vi, 244 GENERAL IXPF.X 2o5

Ardshir P^pakdn, defeats and Ardshfr Pdpakin, harassed by slays Haftwad and Shah- wars, consults Kaid, vi, wi. vi, 245 266 carries off the spoil, vi, 245 wroth at Raid's advice, vi. builds a Fire-temple, vi, 245 267 the rewards the two youths, vi, seeks in vain for daugh- 245 ter of Mihrak, vi, 268 invasion of Kirman by, vi, referred to, vi, 270 205. 245 discovers Urmuzd, vi, 271 280 goes to Taisafun, vi, 245 counsels Urmuzd, vi, principles of government of, calls and counsels Shdpur, vi, 250, 273 seq., 2S6 seq. vi, 286 5^17. his views Reign of, 161, vi, 254 seq. Church and State, Note on, vi, 254 on, vi, 250 seq., 286 length of, vi, 254 duration of his dynasty, vi, Tabari on, vi, 254 252, 257, 289 coins of, vi, 256, 257, 265 death of, vi, 291 to Shapiir crowned by, vi, 257 Baluchistan, his failure cities of, vi, 257 conquer, vii, 242 prophecy of, vi, 257 Nard, invention of, attri- enthroned at Baghdad, vi, buted to, vii, 382 258 True Cross in treasury of, title of King of kings of, vi, viii, 380 193. 199. -^54. 258, 273 Ardshir, son of Shirwi, Shah, inaugural address of, vi, 258 175. ix, 43 seq. daughter of Ardawan and, makes Piruz general, ix, 44 stories of, vi, 255 entertains Piruz at feast, ix, plot of, with her brother 48 Bahman, to poison, vi, death of, ix, 49 259 treasury of, squandered by discovers plot against him, Guraz, ix, 53 vi, 260 Are^a/-aspa. See Arjasp. consults his minister, vi, 260 Aries, constellation, i, 88, 118, condemns the daughter of 310. 335; iii. 26, 38. 187,

Ardawan to death, vi, 260 318 ; iv, 24, 147, 158, 180; minister of, saves daughter V, 39, 109, 118, 119, 126; of Ardawan and mutilates viii, 342, 394 himself, vi, ig6, 261 Ariobarzanes, the murderer of Shapur, son of, born, vi, 261 Darius Codonuinus, vi, 32 hears about Shapur from his Ariobarzanes, satrap, vi, 32 and minister, vi, 262 note recognises and acknow- Arish, legendary Iranian archer, 62 and note ; ledges Shapur, vi, 264 V, ; vii, 234 restores the daughter of viii, 75, 219 and note ; ix, Ardawan to favour, vi, 265 25 rewards his minister, vi, 265 Aristobulus, Greek writer, temp. makes a new coinage in Alexander the Great, vi, honour of his minister, vi, 12 256, 265 Aristotle (Arastdlis q.v.), Greek builds Jund-i-ShApiir, vi, philosopher (B.C. 384- 266 322) 2o6 GENERAL INDEX

Aristotle, Alexander the Great's Arjasp, gives Kuhram the com- tutor, vi, 29 mand in chief, v, 56 letter to, vi, 68 thrice offers rewards to any correspondence with, that will fight Zarir, v, 61, about the succession, vi, 62 81, 83 offer of, accepted by Bidi- silk-worm, his account of, rafsh, V, 62 vi, 204 calls for Bidirafsh to fight

ArjAsp, Turanian hero, ii, 264 ; Nastur, v, 69 iv, 26 fights with the franians, v, Arjasp (Areja?-aspa), king of 71

Turan, 155, 156, i, 61 ; defeat of, v, 72

ii, 9, 29 ; iii, 109 ; v, 9, proclaimed by Gushtasp, II seq., 20, 22, 24 seq., 29, V. 75 31, 51 seq., 89, 98, 99, 107 hears of Asfandiyar's im- seq.. 116, 141, 142, 159, prisonment and of Gush- 167, 171, 172, 180, 206; tasp's absence in Sistan, vii, 330, 335. 337. 359; V, 86 his 86 viii, 95, 104, 148 ; ix, 104 Summons chiefs, v, hoard of, viii, 148 sends Situh as spy to fran, in receipt of tribute from V, 86 Gushtasp, v, 32 on receiving Sitiih's report hears of Gushtasp's resolve calls out the host, v, 87 not to pay tribute, sum- sends Kuhram to attack mons, and harangues his Balkh, V, 90 priests, v, 36 marches against Gushtasp, sends Bidirafsh and Nam- V, 94 khast to Gushtasp, v, 37, commands the centre, v, 40 95 receives Gushtasp's answer defeats Gushtasp and be- and calls out the host, v, leaguers him on a moun- 45 tain, V, 96 gives one wing to Kuhram, Asfandiyar's vow of, and V, 46 prayer for, vengeance on, the other to Andariman, V, 103, 104 V, 46 hears of Asfandiyar's arrival, the chief command to V. 108 Gurgsar, v, 46 proposes to retreat, v, 108 banner to Bidirafsh, v, 46 sends awav the spoil of vanguard to Khashash, v, Balkh, V," 108 46 five sons of, v, 108 rear to Hushdi'v, v, 46 persuaded by Gurgsar to re- marches against Iran, v, 46 main and tight, v, 108, 109 defeat of, foretold by Jam- makes Gurgsar leader of the ^sp, v, 52 host, V, 109 gives one wing to Bidirafsh, arrays the host, v, 109 V. 55 commands the centre, v, log the other to Gurgsar, v, surveys the battlefield from 56 a height, v, no centre to Namkhast, v, 56 prepares for flight if needful, takes the rear himself, v, 56 V, no GENllRAL IXDEX 207

Arjasp, dismayed at Asfandi- Armenia, Roman, vii, 1S7 yar's prowess, reproaches Armenian, Armenians (Irman- GurgsAr v, 1 1 1 ians), iii, 286; viii, 188, hears of Gurgsir's capture 189, 195, 226, 248, 282 and flees, v, 112 version of the Pseudo-Cal- entertains Asfaiuliyar dis- listhenes, vi, 14 guised as a merchant, v, — like, viii, 254 145 = Mausil, viii, 293 and note questions AsfandiyAr, v, 146 Armi'n, son of Kai Kubdd. See allows Asfandiyar to enter- Kai Armin. tain the Turkman chiefs, Arnawaz, sister of Jamshid, wife V. 149 of Zahhak and Faridiin, prepares to attack Bishutan, and mother of fraj, i, 142 V, I.5 1 married to Zahhak, i, 146 bids Kuhram prepare for seq. war, V, 151 counsels Zahhak as to his

sends out Turkhan with dream, i, 148 troops to reconnoitre, v, Faridun meets, i, 162 151 Zahhak tries to kill, i, 167

hears from Kuhram that As- son of, Faridun, i, 177 by " fandiyar has come, v, 152 Arnold, Mathew, his Sohrab bids the Turkmans march and Rustum," ii, 118 out in force, v, 152 Arran, the modern Karabagh, palace of, attacked by As- the region between the fandiyar, V, 153 Kur and Aras rivers, i, 9 arms and encounters As- Arrian, Greek historian (A.D. fandiyar, V, 153, 154 96-180), vi, 31, 68 beheaded by Asfandiyar, v, Anabasis of, vi, 12 154 Indica of, vi, 12 palace of, fired and his wo- Caspian Gates of, vi, 32 men earned off by Asfan- on the stature of Porus, vi, diyar, V, 154. 162, 64 head of, thrown from the Ichthyophagi, vi, 69 seq. ramparts of the Brazen Alexander and the Hold, V, 157 Amazons, vi, 72 sons of, grieve for, v, 157 death of Alexander, vi, 82 Asfandiyar takes the trea- Arrow-shots, three famous, viii, sure of, V, 161 Khan of Chin descended Bahram Chubina's, viii, 126 from, vii, 334 Arsaces, name of the founder and Arjuna, one of the five Paii- other kings of the Parth- davas (Indian mythology) ian (Ashkanian) dynasty, iv, 138, 139 vi, 197 Ark, 158 Arsacid, Arsacids, dynastic title

Arman, Armenia or district in of the above, iii, 9 ; vi,

Azarbaijdn, vii, 263 205, 255 ; vii, 156, 185, Armani, Iranian chief, ix, 74 212 Armenia (Arman, Irman q.v.), imperial system of, vi, 198 from Ard- country, iii, 12 ; vi, 202, some of, escape shir to 203 ; vii, 153, 224 ; viii, Pipakan Armenia, 93, 96, 184, 193, -0-2. 377 vi, 203 2o8 GENERAL INDEX

Arsac-d, rivalry of, with Sasa- Arzhang. put in charge of Kai nians, viii, 73 Kaiis and his troops when Arsalas, murderer of Darius taken prisoners, ii, 41 Codomanus, vi, 32 slain by Rustam, ii, 57 Arses, Shah (B.C. 338-336) vi, 29 Arzhang, dungeon of, iii, 309 Arslan Jazib, one of Mahmud's Arzhang, Turanian hero, 148, generals, i, 100 iii, 76, 77 the referred to, i, 114 challenges Iranians, iii, Artabanus III (II according to 119 some reckonings), Parth- slain, iii, 120 heresiarch's ian king (A.D. 10-40), iii, Arzhang, Mani the 9, 10 house. See Artang. 10 and Artabanus, son of above, iii, 9 Aryan, Aryans, race, iii, Artabanus, Persian captain of note, iv, 137 the guard temp. Xerxes, race, i, 7 V, 282 early seats of, i, 7 Rustam and, v, 282 meaning of, i, 7 Artabanus III or IV (Ardawan organization of, i, 7 q.v.), vi, 20I primitive religion of, i, 7 8 Artang, the house of the heresi- belief in magic of, i, 8 arch Mani, ii, 19 and tiote ; division of, i, vii, 355 and note ; viii, India and Iran conquered 8 172 and note, 362 and note by, i, Artaxerxes Longimanus, Sliah, Indian, their relations with V, 281, 282 the Iranians, i, 15 Bahman and, v, 2S2 Arzu, daughter of Sarv and wife 18S and note Artaxerxes Mnemon, Shah, i, 59 of Salm, i, Artaxerxes Ochus, Shah (B.C. referred to, i, 178 seq. 359-338), vi, 18 note, 29 Arzii, daughter of Mahiyar the Nectanebus II conquered jeweller, vii, 59, 61 by vi, 29 referred to, vii, 55, 56, 58 murdered, vi, 29 sings to Bahram Gur, vii, 60 Artaxerxes I, Sasanian Shah. Bahram Gur woos and weds, See Ardshir Papakan. vii, 61 seq. Artaxerxes II (Ardshir brother meaning of, vii, 65 note of Shapur), Sasanian Ascalon, city in Palestine, v, 292 See Shah, vi, 363 Asdepias acida, plant. Arts, invention of the. See Homa. Gaiumart, Hushang, Asfandiyar (Spc«to-data, Span- Tahmuras, and Jamshid. dat), mythical Iranian 'Anis, treasure, viii, 406 and hero, son of ShAh Gush- rival in 7iote, ix, 20 tasp, and the Arwand (Dijla, Tigris), ii, 392, legend of Rustam, 155-

; ii. ; V, 404 ; vi, 329 ; viii, 90 ; 157. i. 4^. 55 29 ix, 85, 92 9, 10, 12, 24 seq., 29, 30, Faridun's crossing of the, i, 41 seq., 45, 49. 69 seq., I Co 90 seq., 25S, 259, 261, Arzhang, a di'v and commander 279, 281 seq., 289, 290,

of the troops of Mazan- 293 ; vi, 15, 49, 55.

daran, 143 ; ii, 43, 44, 56 200, 213, 224, 242, 251, and seq., 63, 64 ; v, 203 271 ; viii, 95, 104 GENEILIL IXDF.X 209

Asfandiyar— com/. .•\sfandiyar, put in bonds, v. tiote, 171, 270, 33.', 395 84 vo(e ; ix, 25, 26 note, 104 sent to Gumbadcin, v, 84 invulnerability of, v, 19 solaced by Bahman and sisters of, 156, v, 20, 22 others, v, 85 carried off by the Turk- Jamasp advises Gu.shtdsp man?, V, 93, 100, 171 to release, v, 07 rescued by, v, 153, 162 hears of arrival of Jamasp, lament over, v, 252 seq. V, 98. 99 marriage of, with Ilumdi, parley of, with Jdmasp, v, V, 22, 77 99 seq. ignored by Firdausi, v, 22 eight and thirty brothers birth of, V, 32 of, v, loi, 103, III, 160 answers, in conjunction with bids Jamasp send for black- Zarir and Jamasp, Ar- smiths, V, lOI jasp's letter, v, 42 breaks his bonds himself, v, triumph of, over ArjAsp 102, 206 foretold by Jamasp, v, 52 calls for his steed and arms, given command of one wing, V, 102 off Bah- V. 55 sets with Jamasp, addresses his five brothers, man, and Niish Azar, v, V, 65 103 hears his father's offer of vow of, v, 103 the crown and throne to laments over Farshidward, the avenger of Zarir, v, 66 V, 104 slays Bidirafsh, v, 70 prays that he may avenge presents the head of Bidira- Farshidward on .\rjasp, v, fsh and the steed of Zarir 104 to Gushtasp, V, 71 shrouds Farshidward, v, 105 divides the host, v, 71 sees and addresses the corpse attacks, with Nastiir and of Gurazm, v, 105 Niish Azar, the Turkmans, passes the Turkman trenches V, 71 and defeats the outposts, grants quarter to the Turk- V, 106 mans, v, 72 interview of, with Gush- made chief ruler of frin tasp, V, 106 under Gushtasp and sent receives the promise of the by him to convert the crown and undertakes to world, V, 76 deliver Gushtasji, v, 107 rests from his labours, v, 77 arrays and leads the host, makes Farshidward gover- V, 109 nor of Khurasan, v, 77 attacks the Turkmans, v, reports the success of his no administration to Gush- defeats Kuhram, v, no tasp, V, 77 takes Gurgscir prisoner, v. slandered by Gurazm, v, 78 Ill recalled to court, v, 80 seq. defeats Arjdsp, v, 112, 206 sons of, 157, V, 80, 81 grants quarter to the Turk- resigns his host to Bah man, mans, V, 113 V, 82 distributes the spoil, v, arraigned by Gushtasp, v, 83 114 vol.. IX. o 2IO GENERAL INDEX

Asfandiyar, undertakes to rescue Asfandiyar, guided by Gurgsar his sisters from the Turk- crosses ford with host, mans, V, 115 V, 140 prepares to invade Tiirdn, cursed by Gurgsar, v, 141 V, 115 slays Gurgsar, v, 141 Seven Stages (Haft Khwan) surveys the Brazen Hold, v, of, ii, 29; V, 27, 118, 119, 142 162 121, 135, ; viii, 171 captures, questions, and Story of, 1^6, V, 116 seq. slays two Turkmans, v, compared with Rustam's, 142 V, 117 Bishiitan and, consult, v, rivalry in legend between 143 Rustam and, v, 116 stratagem of, to take the quits Balkh and goes, with Brazen Hold, v, 116, 143 Gurgsar as guide, to disguised as a merchant, Tiiran, v, 120 interviews Arjasp, v, 145 offers the kingdom of the assumes the name of Khar- Turkmans to Gurgsar in rad, V, 146 return for faithful service, questioned by Arjasp, v, 146 V, 120 trades as a merchant in the questions Gurgsar, v, 120 Brazen Hold, v, 147 seq., 124, 125, 128, 131, meets his sisters, v, 147 134. 139, 141 gives a banquet to the Turk- during his adventures in man chiefs, V, 149 the Seven Stages, leaves surprises the Brazen Hold, Bishiitan in command, v, V, 152 seq. 122, 124, 126, 129, 132 provides for his sisters' note, 144 safety, v, 153 praised by Bishiitan and the attacks the palace of Arjasp, host, V, 123, 125, 131, 133 V, 153 scythed chariot made by, encounters Arjasp, v, 154 V, 126 beheads Arjasp, v, 154 revived by Bishiitan after fires Arjasp's palace, v, 154 encountering the dragon, carries off the women, v, V, 127 154 song of, V, 129 quits the Brazen Hold and amulet given to, by Zar- leaves Sawa in charge, v, V, duhsht, 130 .154 encourages the Iranians to joins Bishiitan, v, 155 persevere, v, 136 pursues Kuhram to the prays for deliverance from Brazen Hokl, v, 156 the snow, v, 138 encounters and takes Kuh- leaves the baggage behind, ram prisoner, v, 157 V. 138 grants no quarter to the reproaches Gurgsar for giv- Turkmans, v, 158 ing false information, v, puts to death AndarimAn 139. 140 and Kuhram, v, 158 offers to make Gurgsar announces his victory to captain of the Brazen Gushtasp, V, 159 Hold if he will be a trusty disposes of the spoil, v, guide, V, I4Q t6t GENERAL INDEX 211

AsfandiyAr, carries off his sisters, Asfandiydr, goes attended to the womenfolk of meet Rustam, v, 192 Arj4sp, \

and others from the 1 parleys with Rustam, v, Brazen Hold, v, 162 192 seq. sets fire to, and dismantles, declines Rustam's invita- the Brazen Hold, v, 162 tion to visit him, v, I 193 sends his sons homeward by invites Rustam to a feast, dirterent routes, v, 162 V, 195 returns himself by the Seven repents of having invited Stages, V, 162 Rustam, v, 196 picks up his left baggage, counselled by Bishiitan to V, 162 keep on friendly terms hunts while waiting for his with Rustam, v, 196, 217 sons, V, 162 does not summon Rustam rejoined by his sons, v, 163 to the feast, v, 197 welcome of, on his return wrangles with Rustam, v. to fran, v, 163 198 seq. banquets with Gushtasp, v, does not assign Rustam his 164 proper seat at the feast, fight of, with Rustam, v, 200 Story of, 156 remonstrated with by Rus- recited by Nadr, son of tam, V, 200 Harith, at Mecca, v, 166 bids Bahman resign his own to his mother of seat to 200 complains \ Rustam, v, Gushtasp's treatment of vilifies Zal and Rustam, v, him, V, 167 201 counselled by his mother, recounts his lineage, v, 205 V, 1 68, 175 his exploits, v, 205 j fate of, foretold by Jamasp, his capture of a hill-fort, V, 169 V, 206 recounts his deeds before tries a handgrip with Rus- Gushtasp, V, 170 tam, V, 208

promised the throne by 1 challenges Rustam, v, 209 Gushtasp when he has astonished at Rustam's brought Rustam and his prowess at the board, v, kin in bonds to court, v, 210 173. 174 declines Fustam's overtures, meets with an ill omen on V. 211 seq. " starting for Zabulistcin, v, calls Zabulistan Babble- I stead," V, 216 177 I consults with Bishiitan, v, parodies Rustam's address 178 to royal tent-enclosure, sends Bahman on an em- V, 216 bassage, V, 179 seq. arms for fight with Rustam, message of, to Rustam, v, V, 223 179 refuses Rustam's sugges- receives Rustam's answer tion of a general engage- from, and is wroth with, ment, V, 224 Bahman, v, 191 informed by Bahman of the converses of Rustam with slaying of Niish Azar and Bishiitan, v, 192 i\Iilir-i-Nush, v, 227 212 GENERAL INDEX

Asfandiyar, enraged with Rus- Asfandiyar, Bahman on the ven- tam, V, 228 geance due for, v, 283 wounds Rustam and referred to, v, 288 Rakhsh, v, 229 Asfandiyar-nama (Spand-dit- at Rustam jeers v, 229 nama), v, 26, 27 calls Rustam to sur- upon Ashemaogha, vii, 188 render, V, 230 Ashi Vanguhi. the genius of returns to camp, laments piety, iv, 137 for Nush Azar and Mihr-i- Ashk, founder of the Niish, and sends their presumed Ashkanian (Parthian) corpses to Gushtasp with dynasty, vi, I 268 232, 240 iii, 183, 186, 207, the Simurgh instructs Rustam challenges Iranians, iii, how to overcome, v, 237 179 Ruhham worsted seq. by, iii, 179 Rustam's branch of tamarisk fatal to, fight with, iii, 109, V, 239 and note 179 seq. summoned by Rustam to referre 1 to, viii, 75 with iSo fight and becomes des- parleys Rustam, iii, slain 181 pondent, V, 240 by Rustam, iii, Rustam's final effort for Ashkanian, Ashkanians, race and v. 11 peace with, 241 seq. dynasty, i, 49 ; iii, 9, ;

Bahman and Bishutan hear v, 10, 282 ; vi, 196, 209 ; of the overthrow of, v, 244 viii, 214 address of, to Bishutan, v, duration of rule, vi, 193 245 times, Firdausi's lack of Rustam bewails, v, 246 materials for, vi, 193 confides Bahman to Rustam, surviving traditions of, V, 248 transferred to other foretells evil for Rustam, v, dynasties, vi, 194 248 importance of, vi, 194 gives his last charge to genealogy, vi, 197 Bishutan, v, 249 Ashkash, Iranian hero, iii, 33, 34,

death of, v, 250 89, 347. 350, 332 ; iv, 13, Rustam laments over, v, 250 57. 61. 65 corpse of, sent to GushtAsp Rustam and, go to rescue by Rustam, v, 251 Bizhan, iii, 334 funeral procession of, con- conveys baggage toward ducted by Bishutan, v, Iran, iii, 34O 251 Kai Khusrau sends, to lamentations over, v, 252 Khdrazm, iv, 15 seq. Shida defeated by, iv, 60, 72 corpse of, displayed by troops of, recalled, iv, 145 Bishutan, v, 253 seiit with a host to Zani, iv, Rustam writes to Gushtdsp I.S7 to excuse himself in the pillage of Makrdn by, matter of, v, 256 stopped by Km Khusrau, Xerxes and, v, 282 iv. 243 GENERAL INDEX 213

Ashkasb, appointed governor of .\strologcr, consulted by Sikan- Makraii, iv, 244 dar, vi, 180 Kai Khusrau welcomed by, Ardawan, vi, 218 on his return from Gang- Vazdagird, son of Shapiir, dizh, iv, 251 vi, 375 seq., 390 Ashtad, Iranian chief, ix, 1 1 seq. Bahram Gur, vii, i.}.], 145 chosen to visit Khusrau Khan of Chin, vii, 353 Parwiz at Taisafun, ix, 9 Talhand, vii, 408, 413, 418 and Kharrad parley with Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 372 Galini'ish, ix, 11 Astyagcs (Istuvcgu), king of the visit Khusrau Parwiz, ix, IMedes (Manda q.v., 15. C. 12 584-550) to 18 report Shi'rwi, ix, 27 conquered by Cyrus, i, ; Asia, iv, 315, v, 293, viii, 187 vi, 194

Minor, vi, 30 ; viii, 193, 194 identified by Armenian his- Central, vi, 73 torians with Zahhak, i, 72, Asmodcus, demon, iii, 272 144 Asoka, Indian king (B.C. 264- Mandane and, legend of, ii, 228-7). i, 15 190 as Asp, Persian termination, ii, 9 Afrasiyab and, in legend, ii, Assurbanipal, Assj'rian king, and 191 Khusrau Parwiz, reigns Asura. See Ahura. of compared, viii, 193 Atbara, tributary of the Nile, vi, Assyria, v, 292 65 Assyrians, i, 10 Athenaeus, Greek writer (2n(l-3rd

invasions of fran by, i, 10 centuries A.D.), iv, 316 Astawadh. See Haftwad. Deipnosophistae of, ii, 10 Astivihad, demon, iv, 137 quoted, iv, 314 Astrolabe, i, 104, 188, 310 note ; Athens, schools of, closed by

ii. ^15, 273 ; iv, 158, 297 ; Justinian, vii, 280 of vi, 376 ; vii, 353 ; ix, 73 Athravans, priests of the Cult

Astrologer, Astrologers, Astro- Fire, i, 56 logy, 1, 104, 18S. 255, 310 Athwya. See Abtin. and vote ; ii, 233, 284, Atkinson, James, on the Shah-

409 ; iv. 27. 158, 159, 279, nama, vi, 250 168 284, 334, 335 ; v, 48, Atossa, wife of Cambyses and 11 seq., 263 ; vi, 108, 109, Darius Hystaspis, v, 114, 132, 195, 198, 201. = Hutaosa, wife of Gush-

218, 227, 377 ; ix, 73 tasp (?), V, 1 1 in importance of, Shah- Atropatene (Azarbaijan q.v.), i, nania, i, 52 9, 61

consulted by Faridiin, i, 194 primitive seat of I'ire-wor- Minuchihr i, 251, 307 ship, i, 56 Zk\ i, 255 sub-kingdom in Parthian S4m i, 278 times, vi, 198 Kai Kaus ii, 103, 215, 217 Attock, town on the Indus in

Afrasiyab, ii, 273 ; iv, 158 northern India, vi, 52 Siyawush, ii, 282 Aurand, father of Shah Luhrdsp, Kustam, iii, 219 v, 205 Kai Khusrau, iv, 158 Aurva/-aspa (Luhrasp q.v.), iv,

Human, v, 310 316 ; v, II 214 GENERAL INDEX

Autumnal equinox, iv, 313 Azar Abadagan (Azarakhsh, Kai Luhrasp crowned at, iv, Azargashasp q.v.), Fire- 313 temple at Shiz (Takht-i- Avars, Caucasian tribe, viii, H)\ Sulaiman) near the south- Avasta. See Zandavasta. eastern border of Azar- Avidius Cassius, Roman general, baijan, not at Tabriz with vi, 291 note which the place has been Awa, Iranian hero, iv, 149 wrongly identified (NT, Awaza, stronghold, lyo, viii, 134, p. 100, note), IJ2, IV,

138 259 ; vii, 86, 224, 362 ; 282 Axumite, Ethiopian, dynasty, viii, ; ix, 74 viii, 24 note importance of, i, 61 Ayas, region, v, 61, 74, 107 visited by Kai Khusrau, Ayin Gashasp (Yazdanbakhsh), iii, 20 Iranian noble, lyi, viii, Kai Khusrau and Kai Kaus 75, 150 note, 222 go on a pilgrimage to, iv, Hurmuzd consults, viii, 174, 258 177 Khatiin, wife of Khan, sent and the prisoner, story of, to serve at, vii, 5 viii, 177 seq. Bahram Gur visits, vii, 86, marches to Hamadan, viii, 94 178 Nushirwan visits, vii, 250, consults a seer, viii, 178 363 murdered, viii, 181 Azar Afruz, third son of Asfan- avenged by Bahram Chu- diyar, v, 81 181 bina, viii, Azarakhsh Azar 181 (Azargashasp, troops of, disperse, viii, Fire- Azad Sarv, Firdausi's Abadagan q.v.), authority 61 for the of Rustam temple, i, Story 61 importance of, i, and Shaghad, v, 260 scq. Azad Sarv, archmage and agent Azarbaijan (Atropatenc q.v.), in north-western of Niishirwan, v, 261, vii, province

61 ; 283 and note Persia, i, 9, ; ii, 336

iv, ; V, 16 ; vi, 198, goes to Marv, vii, 283 136 203 ; vii, 160, 214 discovers Biizurjmihr, vii, 283 meaning of, i, 56 returns with Buzurjmihr to Azargashasp, spirit of the light- court, vii, 283 ning, i, 73, 248, 309, 349 ; Azada, Riinian slave-girl, vi, 382 ii, 57, 294, 345 ; iii, 23, 53. goes hunting with Bahram 72. 92, 97. "4. 194. 276, Giir, vi, 382 327; iv, 84, 100, 147, vi, tries to shame Bahram Giir 175. 275, 307, 360 ;

in 21, ; his markmanship, vi, 381 ; vii, 79, 2^2 383 viii, 46, 122, 152, 176, slain by Bahram Giir, vi, 245. 256, 415 384 and note temple of (Azar Abadagan Azar (Azarbaijan q.v.), ii, 195 q.v.), iv, 136. 258, 259 ; Azar, genius, iii, 287, 328 vii, 89, 250, 317. 365; 210 and note Azar (Adar), month and day, i, viii, 68, 184, 1 visited Kai Khusrau, 88, 89 ; vi, 41 ; viii, by iii, 20 244, 421 ; ix, 17 GENERAL IXDEX 215

Azargashasp, temj)l ^ of Kai I!al)r-i-Hayan, a surcoat of leo- Khusrau and Kai Kaus pard or tiger skin worn by go on a pilgrimage to, Rustam in battle, iii, 184, iv, 238 186 rcfcrrocl referred = li>, i\-, J64 to, iii, 278 Gushasp q.v., vi, 212 Babylon (Babil, gate of the god), and note city on the left bank lA Bahram Gur visits, vii, the Euphrates, now repre- 86, i3<) sentee! by the modern high priest of, converts Hillah on the right bank,

to 80 286 ; Sap.'nud Zoroastrian- ii, ; iii, vi, 17,

ism, vii, 139 31, 81, 83 ; viii, 191. ^49 i Niishirwan visits, vii, 250, ix, 65, 9^ hanging gardens of, v, 293 Khusrau Parwiz visits, Sikandar marches toward, viii, 283, 307, 312 vi, 176, 178 Azargashasp, Iranian warrior, prodigious birth at, vi, 81, viii, 296 180 Azar Makan, father of Farrukh- Sikandar sickens at, vi, 181 zad, viii, 40S dies at, vi, 81, 183

Azarmdukht, Sliah, lyj, v, 294 ; Zahhak king of, ix, 65

• ix, 56, 59, 69 Babylonia, ii, 80, 81 reproaches Kubad, ix, 7 Babylonian, vi, 254 end of, ix, 59, 60 script, vi, 320 Azarnarsi, son of Hurmuzd son Bacchus, Saint and IMartyr, viii, of Narsi, vi, 318 188 the Azdites, Arab tribe, i, 11 Bactria, region between Azhi, \zi (Dahaka, Zahhak q.v.), Hindu Kush and the

i, 142 ; ii, 81 Oxus, vi, 32, 198 Bactrian plains, iii, 10

camels, viii, 47 ; ix, 93 Badakshan, region south of the Upper Oxus and east of Babak, Tribal Iving. Sec Papak. Balkh, famous for its Babak, muster-master of Nushir- rubies, iv, 65, 192 wan signet-ring of, i, 300 bidden to enrol the host, gem of, vi, 382 and note - 767, vii, 230 Bddci.n-Piruz (Shahram Piruz, insists on Niishirwan 's at- Ardabil q.v.), city built tendance for enrolment, by Shah Piruz in Azar- vii, 231 biiijan, i66, vii, 160, 163 asks pardon of the Shah, vii, Badar, Jiadr, battle of, ii, 337 note, V, 166 Babar, founder of the Mogul Bad Awar, treasure viii., 406, dynasty in India and nott', i<., 20. resolutions of, as to wine- Baeton, Greek writer, temp. drinking, vii, 75 note Alexander the Great, vi, Babblestead, nonce name given 12 by Asfandiyar to Zabul- Baghdad, city on the Tigris, istan, V, 216 founded by the 'Ab-

Babil (Babylon (j.v.), 160 basid Khalifa Al Mansur 2l6 GENERAL INDEX

Baghdad—cont. Bahman, follows Rustam to the as his capital in A.D. 762, hunting-ground, v, 184 on the site of an old Baby- tries to kill Rustam, v, lonian city (Baghdadu), 184 interview with 161, 165, i, 14, 160 ; iii, of, Rustam, 28 35 ; iv, 147, 256 ; V, ; v, 185 seq. entertained vi, 254, 290, 322, 327 ; by Rustam, v, vii, 83 and note ; viii, 109 186 note, 112, 174, 193, 203, astonished at Rustam's 68 186 393 ; ix, appetite, v, Ardshir Papakan enthroned leaves Rustam, v, 190 at, vi, 258 gives Rustam's answer to Yazdagird quits, ix, 88 Asfandiyar, v, 191 Persian settlement of, ix, 67 Asfandiyar's wrath with, v raided by Arabs, ix, 67 191 Bagiz, vi, 32 resigns his seat at the feast Bagoas, vi, 29 to Rustam, v, 200 Bahar, district in Turkistan informs Asfandiyar of the where Siyawushgird was slaying of Niish Azar and built, ii, 286 Mihr-i-Nush, v, 227 Bahman (Vohu Manau), ame- hears of Asfandiyar's over- shaspenta q.v., iii, 286, throw, V, 244 16 and confided to Rustam 327 ; V, ; vi, 362 by note Asfandiyar, v, 248 Yasht, PahlaviText, vii, 188 Zawara warns Rustam month and day, iv, 81 note, against, v, 250 V, 310; vii, 31 and remains with Rustam, v, note 252, 256 Bahman (Ardshir, Artaxerxes), instructed by Rustam and son of Asfandiyar, Shah, profits thereby, v, 256 advised 156, J57, i. 42 ; ii, 9 ; Gushtasp by Jam- v, 81, 166, 251, 254, 293. asp to write to, v, 258 20 's letter of recall 297, 303 ; vi, note, 34 Gushtasp and note, 49, 200, 213, to, v, 258 270 and note ; viii, 270 equipped by Rustam for his eldest son of Asfandiyar, v, journey, v, 258 80 welcomed and called Ard- Asfandiyar resigns the host shir by Gushtasp, v, 259 to, V, 82 and note hears of Asfandiyar's im- long arms of, v, 281 prisonment, V, 85 appointed by Gushtasp to goes with others to solace succeed him, v, 279 him, V, 85 historical position of, in accompanies Asfandiyar Persian legend, v, 281 from Gumbadan, v, 103 ascends the throne and har- sent on an embassage, v, angues the chiefs on the for 179 seq. vengeance due Asfan- crosses the Hi'rmund, v, 182 diyar, V, 283 coming of, reported to Z41, invades Sistan, v, 2S4 seq. V, 182 sends a hostile message to interview of, with Zdl, v, 183 Zal, V, 285 GENERAL INDEX 217

Bahman, rejects Zal's concilia- Bahram (V'ardancs), son of tory overtures, v, 280 ( ii'id;irz anil Ijrotiier oi tjiv, sacks Zal's jiaiace, v, j86 Iranian hero and Parth-

pillages Zabulistaii, v, 287 ian king, 145, 147. 14^ : lights, defeats, aiul exe- ii. ii. 3.5. 38. 5«. 62, 85, cutes Faramarz, v, 288 127, 138, 144, 158, 249, Bishutan intercedes for Zal 257, 258, 271, 290, 318,

with, V, 288 338, 340 ; iii, 13, 15, 19. stops the pillage of Zabul 43, 46 seq., 67, 72, 95 seq., and rt'lcascs Zal, v, 289 114, 116, 132, 200, 214,

; vi, quits Zabul by Bishutan's 232 ; iv, 8, 312 advice, v, 290 197 passes over his son SAs4n takes part in the Fight of the and nominates Humai antl Se\'en Warriors, ii, 107 her issne as successors to seq. the throne, v, 291 goes with Siyawush against death of, v, 294 Afrasiyab, ii, 226 referred to, v, 310 put in command by Siya- Bahman, son of Ardawan, 160, wush, ii, 250, 257 161, vi, 202, 225, 227, 260 interviews Farud, iii, 47 seq. I made ruler of Pars, vi, 218 Farud presents his mace to, and vole iii, 50 referred to, vi, 222 reports his interview with bidden by Ardawan to seek Farud to Tus, iii, 51 out Ardshir I'apakan, vi, tries to save Farud, iii, 52 223 reproaches the Iranians, iii, wounded and put to flight 66 by Ardshir Papakan and slays Kabiida, iii, 74 Tabak, vi, 227 rescues the crown of Riv- escapes to Hind after the niz, in, 94

defeat of Artlawan, vi, 228 1 loses his whi]i, iii, 11, 95

urges his sister to poison ! becomes fey, iii, 93 Ardawan, vi, 259 succours a wounded brother, Bahman, Iranian magnate, temp. iii, 97

1 finds his iii, Xiishirwan, vii, 312 ; viii, whip, 95 22 loses his horse, iii, 95 Bahman, castle of, in Azar- set on by Turkmans, iii, 98 baijan, 146, ii, 336, 405 Ruin, iii, 99 seq. wounds Ruin, iii, 99 Bahrain, group of islands off interviews Piran, iii, 99 the Arabian shore of the attacked by Tazhdv, iii, loi Persian Gulf, vi, 330 ; ix, 68 found by Giv, iii, 102 death burial iii, Bahram, genius, iii, 287, 328 ; and of, 104 vii, 406 and note Bahram, son of Zarasp, Iranian day, viii, 279 hero, goes with Zarir to fatal to Bahr4m Chubina, Rum, iv, 360 viii, 337 and note. 339 commands the host in and 7tote Zarir's absence, iv, 360 Bahrdm, moralist, quoted by hails Gushtdsp as Shdh, iv, Firdausi, ii, 186 302 2l8 GENERAL INDEX

Bahram, franian warrior or king, Bahram, son of Siyawush, wife of, iv, 268 warns Bahram Chubina, Bahram = Ardawan, \^i, 197, 210 viii, 247 Bahrani, son of Piruz, Iranian pursues Khusrau Parwiz, warrior, temp. Bahram viii, 233 Giir, vii, 85 besieges Khusrau Parwiz, Bahram, father of Shirwi temp. viii, 236 Nushirwan, vii, 251, 262 beguiled by Bandwi, viii, Bahram, son of Urmuzd, Sasan- 236. 243 ian Shah (Varahran I), returns with Bandwi to 162, vi, 3 Bahram Chubina, viii, receives the throne from, 238 and is counselled by, blamed by Bahram Chu- Urmuzd, vi, 303 seq. bina, viii, 238 mourns for Urmuzd, vi, given custody of Bandwi, 306 viii, 238 Reign of, vi, 307 seq. slain by Bahram Chubina, Note on, vi, 307 viii, 247 appoints his successor and Bahram, Iranian general, left in dies, vi, 309 charge of host by Khus- Mani and, vi, 327 rau Parwiz, viii, 296 Bahram, son of Bahram, Sasan- Bahram, father, in Persian ian Shah (Varahran II), Tabari, of Bahram Chii-

162, vi, 3, 308 I bina, viii, 77 appointed to succeed his Bahram, name of, inscribed on father, vi, 309 cup incites Khusrau Par- Reign of, vi, 310 wiz to afflict Rai, viii, Note on, vi, 310 365 and note story told of, vi, 310 Bahram Azarmihan, Iranian Bahram, son of Shapur, Sasan- scribe, lyo ian Shah (Varahran IV), Hurmuzd attempts to J'5J, vi, 3, 371 suborn, viii, 85 seq. Reign of, vi, 36S reveals state-secret to Hur- Note on, vi, 368 muzd, viii, 88 ruler of Kirman, vi, 368 put to death, viii, 89 title of, vi, 313, 368 Bahram Bahramiyan, Sasanian seal of, vi, 368 Shah (Varahran III), 162, Tabari's account of, vi, 368 vi, 3. 316. 3^4. 334 daughter of, vi, 369 Reign of, vi, 313 resigns the throne to his Note on, vi, 313 " brother, vi, 369 miscalled Kirmanshah," dies, vi, 369 vi, 313, 368 Bahram, son of Siyawush, iy2, appoints his son to succeed viii, 75, 163, 245 him, vi, 314, 315 reported slain, viii, 128 Bahram Chubina, son of Gas- returns with captive sor- hasp, marchlord of Rai, cerer, viii, 128 Persian warrior and usur- 166 speech of, viii, per, lyo-iys, i, 14 ; vi, related to Bahram Chubina, 209, 250 ; viii, 70, 73, viii, 187 184, 187, 199, 209, 214, wife of viii, 187 215. 343 seq.. 352 seq.. GF.xrn.ir ixnr-x 210

Bahram Chubina— coul. i>ahrain Clu'ibina, refuses Sciwa's

350 seq., 360, iSi ; ix, o, olfcrs, viii, 113 seq., 117 15, 16, 22, 91, 105 seq. Romance of, viii, 72 seq., counselled by Kluirrad, viii, itolc 1S7, igi, 304 ; ix, 5 121 NiJldckc on, viii, 73 arrays his host, viii, 122 account of, viii, 72 prayer of, before battle, seller of sheep's heads and, viii, 123 viii, 74, 107 encourages the franians dream of, viii, 75 against Sawa's sorcery, withholding of booty by, etc., viii, 124 seq. viii, 76, 1 48 defeats and slays Sawa, viii, insult of Ilurmuzd to, viii, 126 doings of, after battle with defeat of, in I.azic war, viii, Sawa, viii, 130 76 rewarded by Hurmuzd, viii, sends swords to Ilurnuizd, 133 viii, 76 ordered to attack Parmuda, parentage of, viii, 76, 77 viii, 133 malicious speech about, viii, holds revel in a garden, 77. 150 viii, 135 coinage of, viii, 77, 173 attacked by and defeats brought to notice of Hur- Parmuda, viii, 135 seq. muzd, viii, 98 besieges Parmuda in Awaza, described, viii, 98, 206 viii, 138 identified by Zad Farrukh, informs Hurmuzd, viii, 138 viii, 99 negotiates for surrender of sent for by Hurmuzd, viii, Awaza with Parmuda, 100 viii, 138 seq. consulted by Hurmuzd, viii, receives surrender of, and 100 insults, Parmuda, viii, 143 made commander-in-chief, blamed by Kharrad and viii, 102 archscribe, viii, 144 selects his troops, viii, 102 tries to appease Parmuda, justifies his method in so viii, 145 doing, viii, 104 lias inventory made of the receives Rustam's banner wealtii in Awaza, viii, 147 from Hurmuzd, viii, 105 sends fzid Gashasp witli Mihran as recorder from spoil to Iran, viii, 148 Hurmuzd, viii, 106 Hurmuzd begins to suspect, marches from Taisafiin, viii, viii, 151 106 advances of, to Khan re- refuses to be recalled, viii, jected, viii, 153 108 goes to Balkh, viii, 153 marcfics to Kliuzislan, viii, guided by an onager, viii, log and note 136 hay-seller and, viii, 109 incited to seek the king- marches toward Dama- ship, viii, 158 ghdn, viii, 109 change in, viii, 158 parley of, with Faghfur, questioned by Kharratl, \iii, viii, 112 i5'S 220 GENERA T. INDEX

Bahrain Cliubina, sends Yalan- Bahrcim ("liul'fna, deceived by sina after Kharrad and forged letters, viii, 287, archscribe, viii, 159 293. 294 pardons archscribe, viii, 160 marches against Khusrau Luck of, viii, 162 Parwiz, viii, 2S7 renounces allegiance to goes to Azar Abadagan, Hurmuzd, viii, 162 viii, 28S intercepts the royal letters, arrays his host, viii, 289 viii, 163 fights with and slays Kut, consults the chiefs, viii, 163 viii, 290 becomes friends with the sends back corpse of Kut, Khan, viii, 172 viii, 291 a for Khura- worsts Rumans, viii, 292 appoints prince " san, etc., viii, 173 Harvest of," viii, 292 marches to Rai, viii, 173 charges and routs Khusrau avenges murder of Ayin Parwiz' centre, viii, 294 Gashasp, viii, 181 fights with Gurdwi, viii, 294 historical campaign of, goes to fight Khusrau Par- against Khusrau Parwiz, wiz and his body-guard, viii, 189 viii, 297 carline and, viii, 1S9, 303 leaves Janfuriiz in charge marches to the Kahrawan, of host, viii, 297 viii, 201 puts to flight and pursues spies' report of, to Khusrau Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 298 Parwi'z, viii, 201 Suriish saves Khusrau Par- Khusrau Parwiz marches to wiz from, viii, 209 meet, viii, 203 deserted by his chiefs, viii, interview of, with, viii, 302 204 seq. retreats, viii, 302 tampers with troops of releases Nastuh, viii, 306 Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 225 goes to Rai, viii, 306 combat of, with Khusrau welcomed by Khan, viii, 316 Parwi'z, viii, 228 asks oath of Khan, viii, 317 arrives at Taisafiin, viii, 231 counsels Khan to resist sends Bahram, son of Siya- Makatiira, viii, 318 wush, in pursuit of Khus- challenged by Makatiira, rau Parwiz, viii, 233 viii, 319 blames Bahram, viii, 238 fight of, with Makatiira, viii, chides, warns and im- 320 prisons Bandwi, viii, 238 Khan sends gifts to, viii, 321 wife to addresses the magnates, viii, asked by Khan's 239 avenge ^dealh of her elected Shah, viii, 243 daughter on lion-aje, viii, gives malcontents three 324 days to quit Iran, viii, 244 battle of, with lion-ape, viii, plot against, viii, 245 seq. 325, warned, viii, 247 extradition of, demanded by slays ]5ahram, son of Siya- Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 328 wush, viii, 247 urges Khan to make war hears of Bandwi's escape, on frdn, viii, 330 viii, 248 sets foith for frdn, viii, 331 GENERAL INDEX 221

Bahrain Chiibina, Kharrcid at- BahrAm Gi'ir, returns with tempts to prejudice, with Nu'm^n to Yazdagird, vi, Khcin. viii, 333 386 arrives at Marv, viii. 336 complains of Yazdagird to fatal day of, viii, 337, 339 Munzir, vi, 387 Kulun seeks interview with, receives advice and his slave- viii, 330 girl from Munzir, vi, 3S8 stabs, viii. 340 falls into disgrace at court, sister of, mourns, viii, 340 vi, 389 dying speech of, viii, 341 asks Tainush to intercede makes Yalan-sina his man- for him, vi, 389 datory, viii, 342 released and return? to Mun- letter of, to Khan, viii, 343 zir, vi. 390 burial of, viii, 343 welcomed by Munzir, vi, 390 name of. on cup, viii, 365 hears of his father's death and n?tz and of the election of assassination of, referred to, Khusrau, vi, 395, 396 ix, 4 claims the kingship and is Bahram Giir, Sasanian Shah snpported by Munzir, vi, (Varahran V), 163-165. i, 396 seq. with 42 ; vi, 3, 250, 325, 329 interview of, Jawanwi,

and note, 394 seq. ; vii, vi, 398 160, 164, 165, 170 and negotiates w'th the Iran- note, 174, 178, 187, 334, ians, vi, 401 seq. 359; viii, 75, 129 and Iranians produce examples note ; ix, 26, 77 of Y'azdagird's cruelty to, birth of, vi, 375 vi, 404 Yazdagird advised by mag- addresses the Iranians, vi, nates to choose governor 404 for, vi, 376 proposes to decide the ques- put in Munzir's charge, vi, tion of the kingship by 372. 378 ordeal, vi, 403 goes with Munzir to Yaman, promises to rule justly, vi, vi, 378 406 nurses of, vi, 378 agrees to be the first to face education of, vi, 378 seq. the ordeal, vi, 409 obtains his tutors' dismissal, Reign of, 164, vii, 3 seq. vi, 380 Note on, vii, 3 seq. makes choice of steeds, vi, length of, vii, 3 380 largely legendary, vii, 3 slave-girls, vi, 38 1 character of, vii, 3 goes to the chase- with a resembles Jarnes V of Scot- slave-girl, vi, 382 land, vii, 3 markmanship of, vi, 383 accession of, vii, 7 seq. age of, at, vi, 373 slays his slave-girl, vi, 384 inaugural measures at, and note vii, 7 seq. goes hunting with Nu'm^n holds eight days' court, vii, and Munzir, vi, 384 7 seq. picture of, hunting, sent to appoints ministers, vii, 4, Yazdagird, vi, 385 8, II 222 GENERAL INDEX

Bahrani Gur, sends letters to Bahram Giir reproaches Ruzbih the chiefs, vii, 8 for parsimony, vii, 83 pardons his enemies, vii, 9 reported to be given up to makes festival for three pleasure, vii, 84 days, vii, 9 reproached by his chiefs, rewards Nu'man and Mun- vii, 84 zir, vii, 10 secret preparations of, honours Khusrau, vii, 10 against the Khan, vii, 85 remits arrears of taxes, vii, summons his chiefs, vii, 85 II levies a host, vii, 86 restores the nobles exiled makes Narsi viceroy, vii, 86 by Yazdagird to their goes to Azar Abadagan, vii, honours, vii, 1 1 86, 94, 139 proclamations of, vii, 12, march of, to Marv against 79, 82 the Khan, vii, 89 persecutes the Christians, defeats the Khan at Kash-

vi, 373 ; vii, 4 mihan, vii, 4, 5, 90, 170 war of, with Rum, vii, 4 note adventures of, 164, vii,' 4, marches on Bukhara, vii, 12 seq. 90 forbids wine-drinking, vii, defeats the Turkmans, vii, 91 allows wine-drinking again, grants peace to the Turk- vii, 25 mans, vii, 91 whip of, vii, 47, 54, 63, 64 boundary pillar of, vii, 92, ecjuipage of, for the chase, 160, 161, 164 vii, 48, 76 makes Shahra ruler of loses and finds his tughral, Turan, vii, 92 vii, 49, 50 goes to Istakhr, vii, 95 visit of, to Barzin, vii, 49 seq. makes gifts of treasure, vii, marries Barzin's daughters, 95. 96 vii, 53 deposits the Khan's crown hunting-feats of, vi, 383 in a Fire-temple, vii, 95 seq. ; vii, 54, 55, 77, 80, 81 goes to Taisafun, vii, 95 visits a jeweller, vii, 56 seq. welcomed by Narsi and the course of life of, bewailed by chiefs, vii, 96 Ruzbih, vii, 56 remits taxes for seven years, many wives of, vii, 56 vii, 5. 97 asks and obtains Arzu in happiness of the world marriage, vii, 61 seq. under, vii, 99 visit of, to Farshidward, vii, bestows Khurasan on Narsi, 68 vii, 99 forbids all plundering, vii, inquires about Caesar's en- 79 voy, vii, 100 ear-marks and brands gives audience to Caesar's onagers, vii, 81 envoy, vii, loi remits the tribute of Barkuh Caesar's questions to, vii, 102 and Jaz, vii, 82 parting gifts of, to Caesar's visits Baghdad, vii, 83 envoy, vii, io6 holds revel at Baghdad, addresses the archmages, vii, 83 vii, 106 GENERAL INDEX 223

Bahrdm Gur, wazi'r complains of BahrAm Giir, appointed Shan- Shangul to, vii, loy gul's heir, vii, 143 writes to Shangul, vii, 110. parting gifts of, to Shangul, visit of, to Hind, vii, 3, 112 vii, 144 seq. takes account of his trea- motive of, vii, 5 sures, vii, 144 fabulous, vii, 6 term of life of, foretold by bears his own letter to Hind, the astrologers, vii, 144 vii, 112 resolves to levy no more audience of, with Shangul, taxes, vii, 145 vii, 112 unsuccessful attempts of, to entertained by Shangul, vii, benefit his subjects, vii, 116 146 seq. wrestles before Shangul, vii, Gipsies introduced into fran 117 by, vii, 6, 149 displays his markmanship appoints Yazdagird his suc- before Shangul, vii, 118 cessor, vii, 150 calls himself Barzwi, vii, death of, vii, 6, 150 121 Firdausi's reflections on, slays monsters, vii, 121 seq. vii, 150, 151 offered a daughter and great mourning for, vii, 151 advancement by Shangul, Bahram-Gushnasp, father, in vii, 127 Arabic Tabari, of Bahram takes to wife one of Shan- Chiibina, viii, 77 gul's daughters, vii, 128 Bahram Tal, viii, 138 and note receives an invitation from Baida (White), a town in Pars a Faghfiir, •/ii, 129 few miles north of Shi'raz, reply of, vii, 130 not to be confounded tells Sapinud of his wish to with the stronghold " quit Hind, vii, 131 known as White Castle"

meets some Iranian mer- further north, i, 236 ; vi, chants and pledges them 198 and note, 199 to secrecy, vii, 133 Baigand, city and fortress feigns sickness, vii, 134 (Kuhandizh ?) between escapes with Sapinud, vii, Bukhara and the Oxus, 134 vii, 176 reproached by Shangul, vii, Afrasiyab encamps at, iv, 135 makes a league with Shan- marches from, iv, 154 gul, vii, 137 Mahwi encamps at, ix, 118 welcome of, on his return, Baisinghar Khan, grandson of vii, 137 Timur the Lame, life of addresses the nobles, vii, Firdausi by, i, 23 13S edition of Shahndma of, i, praised by the nobles, vii, 23 130 preface to, i, G7 makes a new treaty with Baitu'l Mukaddas (Gang-i-Diz- Shangul, vii, 140 hukht), Zahhak's capital entertains Shangul and (Babylon ?), also an Arab seven other kings, vii, name for Jerusalem, i, 140 seq. 161 224 GENERAL INDEX

Baitu'l Har^m, the Kaaba q.v., Ealkh—conf. 121 vi, 119, vii, 94. 331. 359, 384 ; of B^j, Zoroastrian system pray- viii, 22, 74, 95. 153. 159. insr, i. So 116 161, 173 ; ix, Bakhtagan, father of Buzurj- ancient seat of Aryan civili-

mihr, vii, 279 zation, i, 7 Baku, town on the peninsula of situated on ancient trade- on the western Apsheron route, i, 57 of the and shores Caspian seat of the Magi, i, 60 seq. a chief centre of the Zoroaster's successful evan- industry, i, 58 61 18 petroleum gel at, i, ; V, nole Zoroaster slain at, i, 61 v, where Afra- Bakyir, mountain 92. 93 had a iv, dif- siyab palace, 136 rhyme-word, Firdausi's v, Balaam, prophet, 15 ficulty with, i, 74 Bal'ami, Abii 'Ali Muhammad Shahnama, scene of, shifted A.D. 99^), al-, (died to, ii, 9.; iv, 317 minister and Samanid Siyawush defeats Garsiwaz of the Persian compiler at, and takes, ii, 229 An- version of Tabari's Luhrasp makes, his capital, nals, vii, 5 iv, 713 Sasanian Balas (Balash q.v.), becomes a devotee at, v, Shah, vii, 170 seq. Balash, king of Kirman, slain by Kuhram sent by Arjasp to Ardshir Papakan, vi, 205 attack, V, 90 Balash (Balas), Sasanian Shah, stormed, v, 92, 93 166, vi, 3 Luhrasp slain at, v, 91, 93 Piruz, appointed regent by spoil of, sent away by vii, 164 Arjasp, V, 108 the overthrow of invade hears of Asfandiyar quits, to Pfriiz, vii, 1&9 Turan, v, 120 221 Reign of, vii, 170 seq. aphorist of, viii, Note on, vii, 170 bestowed by Mahwi on his character of, vii, 171 son, ix, 115 introduces pubhc baths, vii, Baliich, Baluchistan (Gcdrosia, ^ 171 Makran), country, 167, ii, • end of, vii, 171 80, 226; iii, 34; iv, 136; title of, vii, 171 vi, 12, 70 ; vii, 340 accession of, vii, 171 Ardshir Papakan 's ill suc- Siifarai's letter to, vii, 173 cess against, vii, 242 Sufarai on his welcomes Nushirwan conquers, vii, 242 return from Turan, vii, becomes prosperous, vii, 362 181 Baluchis, people, vii, 241 seq. dethroned, vii, 182 of, vii,' 217, 241 in northern Afghani- ravages Balkh, city Nushirwan, vii, --8 chastised by stan. 154, ^55. ii. loi- 242 231, 242, 246, 249; iii. noble, 172, viii, 20, 65, Balwi, Iranian 153, 192 ; iv, 19. 20, 257, seq. 156. 157. 255 ; V. 18, deceived by Caesar's talis- 29, 31. 33. 41. 48. 73. 86, man, viii, 273 87, 91. 104. 171. 255 ; GENERAL I \ /)/:.\

L'alwi, praised by Casar, viii, 279 Band^vi, causes defeLtion of Pah- receives Chacli, viii, 314 rim Chiibina's chiefs, viii, Baniddt, father of Mazdak, vii, 302 188 insults of, to Niyitus, viii, B^miyan, city in Afghanistan, 309. 310 north of the Kuh-i-liaba reconciled to Niydtus, viii, mountains and famous 311 for its Buddhist remains, minister of Khusrau Parwiz, iv, 65 viii, 313 Banak, Iranian chief, temp. Ard- adherents of, beheaded, viii, shir Papakan, vi, 202 370 Bandawa, Sindian chief, defeated execution of, referred to, ix, by Sikandar, vi, 175 16, 104 Band-i-Kaisar, dam at Shiish- Bani Tayy, Arab tribe, viii, tar, vi, 295 188 Bandwi, Iranian noble temp. Banquets, the Seven, of Niishir- Kubad, vii, 207 wan, 168. See Niishir- Bandwi, maternal uncle of wan. Khusrau Parwiz, iyi-173, Baniigashasp, daughter of Rus- viii, 200, 202, 204 seq., 224, tam and wife of Giv, 225, 227, 231, 234, 245 ii. 4 while seq., 289. 296, 298, 356, stays with Rustam 357; ix, 4 Gfv seeks Kai Khusrau, ii, imprisonment of, viii, 77, 365 176 suitors of, ii, 383, 384 Gustaham and, escape and rejoins Giv, ii, 395 revolt, viii, 182 Bar, mountain-range in Khura- referred to, viii, 189 san, V, 30 note put to death, viii, 191, 355 Bar, treasure, viii, 406 and accompanies Khusrau Par- Baraham, a Jew, 164, vii, 13 wiz in his flight, viii, 231 entertains Bahram Gur turns back and murders scurvily, vii, 16 seq. 20 Hurmuzd, viii, 232 goods of, confiscated, vii, rejoins Khusrau Parwiz, viii, Barbad, minstrel, 175, viii, 396 note 233 seq., 406, ix, 29 and promises to save Khusrau supersedes Sarkash, viii, 399 in Parwiz, viii, 234 visits Khusrau Parwiz disguises himself as Khus- prison, ix, 29 rau Parwiz, viii, 235 lament of, ix, 30 beguiles Bahram, son of Barbar, Barbaristin, town and Siyawush, viii, 23O, 245 country (British Somali- y^ imprisoned by Bahram land), 143, ii, i''^.- 90. iv, Chubina, viii, 238 93, 98 ; iii, 207, 269 ; vii, Bandwi, Bahram Chubina hears 136, 148 ; vi, 114 ; of escape of, viii, 24S 327 ; viii, 381 entertained by Mausil, viii, identification of, ii, 79 249 king of, ii, 83, 94, 95 goes with Mausil to meet taken prisoner by Guraza, Kluisrau Parwiz, viii, 282 ii- 97 Bahram Chubina writes to, sends embassy to Gush- viii, 285 tksp, V, 75 VOL. IX. 226 GENERAL INDEX

Barda', city in Arran^.w., now in Bar?dm, pursues and overtakes ruins, on the Tharthur a Mahwi, ix, 118 tributory of the Kur, iv, captures Mdhwi, ix, 119 the sacred 147 ; vii, 341 ; viii, 99, Barsam, twigs, imple- in Zoroastrian reli- 100, 184, 222, 226 ; ix, 15 ment in Afrasiyab takes refuge a gious ceremonial, i, 80 cave near, iv, 259 Barsine (Stateira), eldest daugh- Bardi. See Baida. ter of Darius Codomanus, Barkuh, city between Istakhr vi, 33 and Yazd, vii, 79, 80 marries Alexander the Great, tribute of, remitted by Bah- vi, 33 ram Giir, vii, 82 Barta, Iranian hero, 751, iii, 25,

Barmaiiin (Purmaya '/'''), 92 ; iv, 149 brother of Faridiin, i, 90, 91 chosen to fight with Kuh- Barman, son of Wisa, Turanian ram, iv, 97

hero, 142, 144, 151, i, slays Kuhram, iv, 105 in 92, 342 ; ii, 18, 129, 130, Bartds, region Turkistan, ix,

150, 349 ; iii, 79, 210 ; iv, 19 Barzin, sacred Fire and Fire -

spies out the Iranian host, i, temple on the Binaliid 346 Kuh, south west of Tiis challenges the Iranians to and Mashad in Khurasan,

single combat and slays i, 237 ; ii, 107 ; vi, 391 ; Kubad, i, 347 viii, 216 rewarded by Afrisiydb, i, Iranians worship at, vi, 400 348 Barzin, Fire-temple built by besieges Gazhdaham in Luhrasp at Balkh, iv, 318 White Iranian Castle, i, 354 Barzin, hero, i, 365 ; ii, defeated and slain iii. by Karan, 12, 22, 73 ; 25, 127, i. 354 273 revival of, in legend, ii, 119 Barzin, father of Bihzdd, temp. marches on Iran, ii, 228 Yazdagird son of Shapiir, defeated by Siyawush, ii, vi, 395 229 Barzin, Iranian noble, temp. chosen to fight Ruhham, iv, Bahram Giir, 164 97 visited hy Bahram Gur, slain by Ruhh4m, iv, 102 vii, 49 Barrier, Alexander's (Sikan- entertains Bahrdm Gur, vii, dar's), in the Caucasus, 50 seq. 160, i, 16. vi, 189, 249 gives his daughters in mar- legend of, vi, 78 riage to Bahram Gur, 164, site of, vi, 79 vii, 53 described, vi, 164 Barzin, father of RAd and Dad, Barsaentes, satrap, vi, 32 temp. Bahram Gur, vii, 86 murderer of Darius Codo- Barzin, father of Ustad, temp. manus, vi, 32 Ni'ishirwan, vii, 251 executed, vi, 32 Barzin, father of Shadan, vii, Barsdm, general of Bfzhan, ix, 382, 423 97. 117 Barzin, bower of, vii, 83 marches on Marv, ix, 97, 116 Barzin, general of NushirwAn, Mcihwi's conduct to, ix, 117 viii, 17 GENERAL IMJEX 2 27

Barzin, father of Kharrad, iji- Battlestead = Brazen Hold, v, ^73. viii, 74, 76, 190. 205 121 and passi)ii, ix, 4, 9, 12, Bazamish (Valerian, q.v.), 161 27 defeat of, and capture by, Barzin, father of Jahn, viii, 391 Shipiir son of Ardshir, vi, Barzwi, noncc-nanie assumed by 294. -95 Bahrain Gur in Hind, single combat of, with Gar- vii, 121, 134 shAsp, vi, 297 Barzwi, physician and sage, bridge built by, at Shush- temp. Nushirwin, i6(), vii, tar, vi, 298 383 Bazdnush (Jovian q.v.), 162, 163, goes on a mission to Hind, vi, 324, 326 vii, 424 elected Emperor, vi, 353 consults a sage, vii, 427 sues for peace, vi, 353 hears of the book of Kahia accepts Shapur's terms, vi, and Dimna (Fables of 355

Bidpai), and procures it Bazh, suburb of Tiis, i, 38 for Nushirwan, vii, 427, 428 Bazrangi, dynasty of Tribal translates the above into kings, vi, 198 Pahlavi, vii, 382, 428 Bazur, Turanian warlock, iii, 128 asks boon of Nushirwan, uses magic against the fran- vii, 429 ians, iii, 128 Basra (Bassora), city on the wounded by Ruhham, iii, 129 Shatt-el-Arab, ix, 68, 69 Beas (Hyphasis), easternmost of founded by 'Umar, ix, 67 the rivers of the Punjab, Bastam, city near Damaghan on vi, 64 the road to Nishapur, vii, Bedouins, i, 135, 179 357 desert of the, iv, 148 Bastan-nama (Khud^i - n4ma), commanded by Zahir in Kai Firdausi's chief authority, Khusrau's host, iv, 148 261 V, 24, 27, ; vi, 17, 84 Bel, Babylonian god, v, 293 traditional origin of, i, 67 temple of, v, 293 discussed, i, 68 'Belisarius, Roman general (A.D. translated into Arabic by 505-565). vii, 1S6, 187, Ibn Mukaffa', vi, 16, 373 217, 218 modern Persian, i, 67 seq. ; Berber, race in northern Africa, vii, 382 vi, 73

Bastavairi, Bastvar (Nastur (/.u.), Berbera, trading-station in the V. 12, 25 Gulf of Aden, ii, 79 Batanin (Marcian), Ruman Berlin, viii, 192 general, viii, 41, 47, 52 Berozias, Barzwi q.v., vii, 3S3 Baths, public, introduction of, Bessus, satrap, toiip. Alexander by Balash, vii, 171 the Great, vi, 32 Battle of the Twelve Rukhs, 151, assumes royal state in iv, 7 seq., v. 29 Bactria, vi, 32 Firdausi's reflections on, iv, executed, vi, 32 98, 106 JJhima, one of the five Pan- Eleven Rukhs, 151, iv, 88 davas, iv, 138, 139 arranged by Gudarz and Bhutdn, Indian kingdom, bet- Piian, iv, 95 seq. ween Assam and Thibet, of the Bridge, ix, 5, 67 vi, 8 J 228 GENERAL INDEX

Bibliotheca, of Diodorus, v, 293 Bihisht (Paradise), name of the Bid, a div, ii, 44, 54, 55, 93 country round Gang, iv,

slain, ii, 59, 64 ; iii, 256 ; 195 Bihistun. See Bistiin. iv, 296 ; V, 204 Bidad, city of Cannibals in the Bihruz, a scribe temp. Bahram vicinity of Sughd, iii, 244 Gur, vii, 71 seq. seq. makes an inventory of the meaning of, iii, 244 note goods of the miser stormed by Rustam, iii, 246 Farshidward, vii, 72 Bidirafsh (Vidrafsh), Turanian Bihzad (" well bred "), the horse hero, 155, V, 24, 25, 41, of Siyawush and sub- 51, 52, 62 seq. sequently of Kai Khus- as to goes envoy Gushtasp, rau, 146, ii, 391 ; iv, 172, V, 37, 40 seq. 303 returns with Gushtasp's Siyawush's last charge to, answer, v, 44 ii, 312 receives banner from Ar- Farangis instructs Kai jasp, V, 46 Khusrau how to obtain, commands one wing, v, 56 ii, 374 seq. volunteers to fight Zarir, v, Bihzad, Gushtasp's horse, v, 56, 62 69 slays Zari'r, v, 63 Bihzad, Iranian chief, temp. fights Nastur, v, 70 Yazdagird son of Shapiir, slain by Asfandiyar, v, 70 vi, 395 ; vii, 85 (?) head of, presented to Gush- Bihzad, Iranian chief, teuip. tasp, v, 71 Kubad son of Piriiz, vii, Bidpai, Indian sage, vii, 383 207 Fables of (Book of Kalila Binalud, mountain-range, west and Dimna), brought to of Mashhad, north of Persia, i6g, vii, 213, 382 Nishapiir, v, 29 Bih Afrid, daughter of Gush- Birds, Sikandar holds converse 22 160 tasp, ii, 3 ; V, with, 160, vi, taken captive by the Turk- Birka-i-Ardshir, city in Pars mans, V, 93, 94, 100 founded by Ardshir Papa- goes with Humai to draw kan, vi, 290 and note water and meets As- Birmaya, cow, i, 151 fandiyar, V, 147 supplies the infant Faridiin escapes from Arj asp's with milk, i, 151 slain palace, v, 153 by' Zahhak, i, 152, 153, laments over Asfandiyar, v, 162 252 Birthmark, characteristic of

reproaches Gushtasp, v, 254 Kaian race, ii, 372 ; iii, Biiiafridh, ancestor of Ardshir 49 and note

Papakan, vi, 200 described, ii, 372 ; iii, 49 Bih Ardshir, Seleucia q.v. as Siyawush's, iii, 49 rebuilt Kai by Ardshir Papa- Khusrau's, ii, 372 ; iii, kdn, vi, 254, 291 note, 49 and note viii, 194, ig6 Farud's, iii, 49 Bihbihan, town near the left Bisa (Fasa, Pasa, city south of bank of the Tab river in Lake Bakhtigan in Pars,

Pars, vii, 188 vii, 89 ?) GEKFR.ir. TXDEX 229

Hold, V, 150 scriptions, i, 379 ; ii, 128 ; himself off as Asfan- passes iii, 12, 184, 350 ; iv, 190 ;

diyar, V, 143, 151, 152 v, 56, 184 ; vii, 61, 363 ; joined by Asfandiyar, v, viii, 209 155 inscription of Darius Hys- 6 1 1 advises Asfandiyar, v, 179 taspis at, i, ; v, holds talk about Gotarzes 11 Asfandiycir = at, iii, 9, Rustara with, v, 192 Zars white elephant, i, 328 advises Asfandiyar to main- = Rustam, v, 229 tain friendly relations Biwarasp (Zahhak), i, 72, 144 with Rustam, v, 196, 217 meaning of, i, 135 Rustam served with un- Biward, Turanian hero, iii, 161 to tempcred wine by, v, 211 comes aid P/ran, iii, 152 despair of, at the situation Biward, Iranian chief /e»!p. between Rustam and Yazdagird son of Shapi'ir, Asfandiydr, v, 218 vi, 395 laments for Niish Azar and Bizhan, frdnian hero, son of Giv, Mihr-i-Nush, v, 232 147, 130-15-^. ii, 4. 366 Asfandiydr talks of the and note ; ii, 4, 366 and fight witli Rustam to, v, note : iii, 20, 45, 67, 76 240 seq., 81, 92, loi, 115, 121, 230 GENERAL INDEX

Bizhan— cont. Bizhan, goes to Irman with 129, 130. 133. 130, 141- Gurgfn, iii, 292 157 set]., 211, 234, 247, destroys the wild boars, iii, 248, 253, 259, 204, 271, 293 284 seq., 289, 330 seq., 337 envied by Gurgin, iii, 294 seq., 349, 350. 352 seq. ; steed of, iii, 296, 302, 313 iv, 7, 13, 26 seq., 56, 77, interview of, with Manizha's 88, 91, 102, 123 seq., 147, nurse, iii, 297

292 ; vi, 194 visits Manizha, iii, 298 favourite with the poet, iv, 8 drugged, iii, 299 parentage of, iii, 324 wakes in Afrasiyab's palace, friendship of, with Gusta- iii, 300 ham the son of Gazhda- holds revel with Manizha, ham, iii, 15 iii, 300 relations of, with Gi'v, iii, 15 discovered by Garsiwaz, iii, undertakes to slay Palashan, 302 iii, 26 taken before Afrasiyab, iii, to carry off the crown 303 and handmaid of Ta- sentenced to death, iii, 304 zhav, iii, 27 lament of, iii, 305 swears to avenge Zarasp, iii, imprisoned, iii, 309; v, 116 59 searched for by Gurgin, borrows a steed from iii, 310 Gustaham, iii, 59 receives Rustam's ring, iii, the mail of Siyawush, 340 iii, 60, 69 Rustam's conditions of re- worsts Farud, iii, 62 lease for, iii, 345 praises Farud to Tus, iii, 62 released, iii, 346 fights with Fariid, iii, 64 pardons Gurgin, iii, 346 Palashan, iii, 70 joins in attack on Afra- pursues Tazhav, iii, 77 siyab's palace, iii, 347 takes Ispanwi captive, iii, 78 presented to Kai Khiisrau prowess of, with Kawa's by Rustam, iii, 354 standard, iii, 93 holds converse with Kai shares his steed with Gusta- Khusrau, iii, 356 ham, iii, 95 desires to fight Human, iv, goes with Giv in quest of 39 Bahram, iii, 102 asks Gi'v to lend him the attacks Bidad, iii, 244 niaii of Siyawush, iv, 40 goes to summon Rustam, seeks Gudarz' permission to iii, 245 fight Human, iv, 41 worsted by Puladwand, iii, receives the mail of Siya- 25S wush from Giv, iv, 45 Story of, and Manizha, 150, parleys with Human, iv, iii, 12, 28.5 seq. 45 historical basis of, iii, 11 returns after the fight in Molil on, iii, 285 Human's armour, iv 51, Firdausi on, iii, 287 defeats night-attack and referred to, viii, 72 slays Nastihan, iv, 54 volunteers to go to the help attacks with Giv I'iran's of the Irmdnians, iii, 291 centre, iv, 83 GENERAL INDEX 23 1

Bfzhan, fights with Farshidward, Bizhan, Khiin of Turks, lays am- iv, 87 bush for Mihwi, ix, 118 chosen to fight with Ruin, sends Barsain in pursuit of iv. 97 Mahwi, ix, 118 slays Ruin, iv, 103 hears of Mahwi's capture, asks Giidarz for help for ix, 119 Gustaham, iv, 117 puts Mahwi to death, ix, 1 20 rescues Gustaham, iv, 124 goes mad and kills himself, seq., 132 ix, 120, 121 brings back the corpses of Black Di'v. See Div. Lahhak and Farshid- horse, Gushtasp 's, v, 18 ward, iv, 126, 132 cured by Zarduhsht, v, iS Kai Khusrau remonstrated Stone, meteorite built into with by, and other nobles, the wall of the Kaaba at for refusing audience, iv, Mecca, ii, 163 and note, vi, 65 Kai Khusrau gives audience Blest, Country of the, vi, 74, 76 to, and other nobles, iv, Boars, wild, devastate Irman, 283 seq. iii, 290 Kai Khusrau 's gift to iv, slain by Bizhan, iii, 293 295 Bombyx Mori. See Silk. brings Luhrasp before Kai Book of Kings, Firdausi's Shah- Khiisrau, iv, 300 nama, i, 43 sets out \\4th Kai Khusrau Indication and Revision, on his pilgrimage, iv, 306 Mas'udi's, vi, 252 refuses to turn back when quoted, vi, 252 bidden by Kai Khusrau, Boot, golden. See Golden. iv. 307 Borysthenes, river (Dnieper q.v.), Kai Khusrau farewells and iii, 191 warns, and his comrades, Boulder of the Div Akwan, iii, iv, 308 271, 343 seq., 347 disappears and is sought Rustam carried off on, iii, in vain by, and his 276 comrades, iv, 308 flung into the sea with, end of, iv, 309 iii, 278 Gudarz' grief for, iv, 310, raised from the sea, iii, 309 312 used to cover Bizhan's pris- sons of, go with Zarir to on, iii, 309 Rum, iv, 360 removed from pit's mouth hail Gushtasp as Sheih, iv, by Rustam iii, 345 362 Boundary-pillar, Bahrain Giir's, Bizhan, Ashkdnian king, vi, 197, vii, 92, 160, 161, 164 210 Bowl, the full, svmbolism of, vi, Bizhan, Khdn of Turks, jy6, ix, &3 his to 70, 96 Brabantio, warning Mdhwi writes to, ix, 96 Othello, vi, 324 consults his minister, ix, 97 Brar/rok-resh, a Karap. v, 13 sends troops to .Marv, ix, 97 slayer of Zarduhsht, v, 13 Mihwi makes war on, ix, 115 Brahman, Hindu priest, iii, 29 ;

marches against Mahwi, ix, iv, 30 ; v, 207, vii, 425 ; 117 ix, 2 1 232 GENERAL INDEX

Brahmans (Gymnosophistse), 159 Bucephalus, horse of Alexander vi, 64 the Great, vi, 18 Palladius on, vi, 61 birth of, vi, 26 country of, vi, 143, 147 a mare (Ethiopic version), hear of Sikandar's coming vi, 18 and write to him, vi, offered by Darius to Porus, 143 vi, 31 Sikandar's interview with, death of, vi, 18, 64 vi, 67, 143 seq. city built by Alexander in described, vi, 144 memory of, vi, 18 reply to Sikandar's ques- Buddha, birth stories of, vii, 383 tions, vi, 144 seq. Buddhism, in eastern fran and

Sikandar quits, vi, 147 Kabulistan, i, 15 Brahmanism supersedes Budd- superseded by Brahman-

hism in eastern fran, i, 16 ism, i, 16 Brains, human, prescribed to regarded as idolatrous by Zahhak by Iblis, i, 139, Zoroastrians, i, 16 146 Buddhist saints, story of two, vi, Bramble-grubber, 164. See 63 Dilafruz. Budge, Dr. E. A. Walhs, his Brand-mark, iii, 291 editions of the Syriac of Kaiis, iii, 291 and Ethiopic versions of Brazen Hold, the 1^6, v, 116, the Pseudo-Callisthenes, 117, 119 seq., 159. 197. vi, 14, 17 note 206, 255 Budini, race, vi, 73 route to, v, 120, 135 Buiti, demon, assails Zarduhsht

described, v, 121, 135, 141 i, 62 ; V, 17 Asfandiycir's stratagem for Bukhara, city on the Zarafshan taking, v, 116, 143 river in the province of from within surprised by Sughd, ii, 241 ; iv, 65 ;

Asfandiyar, v, 152 seq. vii, 331, 348, 359, 384 ; left in charge of Sawa, v, ix, 97, 115, 117 154 Kurakhan sent to, iv, 134 Arj asp's head thrown from Afrasiyab joins Kurakhan the ramparts of, v, 157 at, iv, 186 Asfandiyar destroys, v, 162 Fire-temple built by Tiir at, referred to, viii, 171 iv, 225 Bride, the, one of the Kai Kaus' Bahram Giir attacks, vii, 90 treasures, iv, 295 receives tribute from, vii, given by Kai Khusrau to 94 Giv, Zal, and Rustam, iv, Bukhtakan. See Bakhtagan. 293 Bulghar (Bulgaria), viii, 406 Brides of the Genii Treasure, Bull, mythological, i, 71 ; ii, that watch over secret 407 ; vii, 24.5 hoards, vi, 250 -fish, ii, 128

Bridge, Battle of the, ix, 5, 67 Bundahish, Pahlavi text, i, 91, Robert, his of 92, Browning," poem 117, 125, 131, 235, The Glove," vi, 384 236, 337 ^iote, 338, 369 ; Bucephala, city founded by ii, 3 note, 11, 26. 81, 118, Alexander the Great, vi, 189 18 meaning of, i, 70 note GENERAL IXDEX !33

Bu ulaliMi, account of Creation liuzurjniihr, a semi-mythical vii in, i, 117 personage, 280 BurAb, court-farrier to Cajsar, f

vii. 173, 395 ; ix, 89 on scribes, i, 27 ; vii, 311 stream of, i, 252 on loyalty, vii, 312 Buzgu^h, name of tribe, ii, 55 discourse of, vii, 366 and note, iii, 207 questioned by Nushirwin, Buzurjnihr, thief counsellor of vii, 367 seq. Nushirwan in frdnian expounds the game of chess, tradition and famous for vii, 380, 388 his wisdom, lOy-ijo, i, invents the game of nard, 261 27 ; V, ; vii, 5 ; viii, vii, 381, 389 3 seq., 67 seq. welcomed on his return from associated with the I'ersian Hind by Nushirwan, vii, Wiidom-litcraturc.vii, 278 393 234 GENERAL INDEX

Buzurjinihr, goes liunting with, Cajsar, temp. T.uhrasp, Nastar, and is suspected of theft master of the herds to, iv, by, Nushirwan, viii, 4 325 disgraced by Nushiiwaii, refuses to employ Gush- viii, 5 tasp, iv, 326 instructs Nushfrwiin's page, Biirab, court-farrier to, iv, viii, 5 326 refuses to admit himself in refuses to employ Gush- the wrong, viii, 6 seq. tasp, iv, 327 treated with increasing proposes to give his eldest rigour, viii, 7, 8 daughter in marriage, iv, released, viii, g 329 divination by, viii, 10 seq. wrath of, at his daughter's advises with Nushirwan, choice of Gushtasp, iv, viii, 47 seq. 330 instructed by Nushirwan yields to bishop's counsel, to prove Hurmuzd, viii, iv, 331 56 seq. refuses to provide for his abolition of Fire-worship daughter and Gushtasp, foretold by, viii, 68 iv, 331 death of, viii, 69, 71 bids Mirin slay the wolf of = Burzmihr (?), viii, 71 Faskun, iv, 333 Mas'udi on, viii, 71 inspects the slain wolf, iv, Byzantine title, vii, 218 341 marries his second daugh- ter to Mirin, iv, 341 bids Ahran slay the dragon of Mount Sakila, iv, 342 third daughter of, iv, 342 CiESAR, the dynastic title of the seq. married to Ahran, iv, kings of the West or Rum who were regarded as be- 348 in his two sons in ing descended from Salm, rejoices law, iv, the son of Faridun, 154, 348 the of the 161, 162, 165, i6y, i6g, proclaims tidings of the wolf and 262 ; slaying 172-174, i, ; ii, 383 the dragon, iv, 349 iii, 9; vi, 112, 297, 353 ; their 8 sons-in-law of, display vii, 163 ; viii, seq., 19, accomplishment on the 43 seq., 51 seq., 230, 232, riding-ground, iv, 349 245, 252 seq., 257 seq.. 299, sees Gushtasp's prowess and 306 seq., 334, 373 seq., questions him, iv, 350 408 seq. ; ix, lo, 23 learns the truth about the transliteration and of, i, 84 wolf and the and note dragon asks pardon of Gushtasp iv, 339 temp. Luhrasp, 154, and Kat4yun, iv, 351 seq. : V, II, 32, 167 wrath with Mirin and = of, daughter of Katdyun, iv, Ahran, iv, 351

314 ; V, 167, 205 seeks to find out through capital of, founded by Salm, Kat^yun who Gushtdsp iv, 325 is, iv, 351 GENERAL INDEX 235

son of Caesar, tciufy. Luhrasi>, receives Cicsar, tevip. Shdpur Gushtasp with honour at Ardsliir, jOi court, iv, 352 pays tribute, vi, 29S of Ilyas refuses to pay tribute temp. Shapur son Urmuzd, to iv. 352 162. vi, 341 seq., 345 receives a scornful message seq. from Mirin and Ahran, iv, Shapur in disguise visits, vi, 353 336 takes counsel with Gushtisp, entertained by, vi, 337 iv. 333 discovered by, vi, 337 bids Gushtasp lead foiLh arrested by, vi, 337 the host, iv, 354 sewn up in an ass's skin arrays the host, iv, 355 by, vi, 338 Gushtasp brings the dead put in charge of wife of body of Ilyas to, iv, 355 vi, 33«'? welcomes Gushtasp after his invades and ravages Iran, victory, iv, 356 vi, 338 consults Gushtasp about Shapur prepares to attack, demanding tribute from vi, 346 at fran, iv, 356 overthrown by Shapur sends an envoy to Luhrdsp, Taisafun, vi, 346 seq. iv, 356 Shapur's treatment of, vi, gives audience to Zarir, iv, 349. 357 360 mother of, vi, 351 of replies, to, and dismisses brother (Yanus q.v.), vi, Zarir, iv, 361 351 of Sha- questions Gushtasp, iv, 361 temp. Yazdagird son sends Gushtasp to Zarir's pur, vi, 389 camp, iv, 361 pays tribute, vi, 3S9 goes to feast with Gush- temp. Bahram Giir, 165 tasp and discovers who embassage of, to BahrAm 100 he is, iv, 363 Giir, vii, 5, 86, gives gifts to Katayun, iv, marches on Iran, vii, 84 363 propounds questions to Bah- the Iranian chiefs, iv, 364 ram Giir, vii, 102 the parts in good will from envoy of, questioned by Gushtasp, iv, 364 high pri(.-.st, vii, 104 sends embassy to Gushtasp temp. Nushirwan, i6j, 169, on hearing of Arjasp's de- iy2-ij4, vii, 244 seq., 269, feat, V, 75 273 con- temp. Humai, sues to Rush- replies to Nushirwan nawad for peace, v, 307 cerning Munzir, vii, 245 Nush- = Failakus9.i'., vi, 24, 26, 27 treasures of, taken by = Sikandar q.v., vi, 40, 42, 49 irwan, vii, 255, 258 for 113, 114, 118, 121, 122, sues to Nushirwan peace, 124, 128, 129, 142, 158, vii, 261 161, 170, 174, 178, 183 sends tribute to Nvish/rwin, = Valerian (Baz4nush q.v.), vii, 362 vi, 32G death of, viii, 43 = Jovian (Bazdniish q.v.), temp. Nushirwan, Ilurmuzd, vi, 353. 354 and Khusrau I'aiwiz, J72 236 GFNERAL INDEX

Caesar, ioiip. Nushirwan, etc., Cicsar, tetnp. Nushirwan, etc., offends Nushirwan, viii, invited to seize fran, viii, 44 seq. 408 marches against Nushir- tricked by Khusrau Parwiz wan, viii, 46 and retreats, viii, 410 attacks Hurmuzd, viii, 93 letter of, about the True retakes cities, viii, 93 Cross referred to, ix, 22 makes peace with Hurmuzd, Csesarean birth, of Rustam, i, T viii, 95 236, 32 5^17. welcomes Khusrau Parwiz, Calanus (Sphines), Indian as- viii, 257 cetic, vi, 61 offers help to Khusrau Par- Onesicritus and, vi, 61 wiz, viii, 261 Alexander the Great and, cliangcs his mind, viii, 262 vi, 61 consults the astrologers, viii, death of, vi, 61 264 derivation of, vi, 61 decides to help Khusrau identical with the sage sent Parwiz, viii, 265 by Kaid to Sikandar offers daughter to Khusrau {see Four Wonders), vi, 62

Parwiz, viii, 266 Calendar, Zoroastrian, i, 88 ; iii, offers of, accepted by Khus- 286 rau Parwiz viii, 269, 270 adopted by Darius Hystas- talisman of, viii, 271, 275 pis, i, 59 deceives Riiman envoys, Callinicus. See Kaliniyus. viii, 272 Callisthenes, Greek historian mastered by Kharrad, temp. Alexander the Great viii, 274 vi, 12, 74 gifts of, to Kharrad, viii, 278 Romance of Alexander writes to Khusrau Parwiz, fathered on, vi, 13 viii, 279 account of, vi, 13 praises Ruman envoys, viii, Callitris quadrivalvis, the Arar 279 tree, vi, 19 counsels Maryam, viii, 279, Cambyses, father of Cyrus the 280 Great, ii, 190 gives Niyatiis cliarge of identical with Siyawush in Maryam, viii, 280 legend, ii, 191 corpse of Kut sent to, viii, Cambyses, son of Cyrus the 291 Great and King of Persia II Khusrau Parwiz announces (B.C. 528-521), V, 10, ; death of Bahram Chu- vi, 16 bina to, viii, 345 Camel, piece in chess, vii, 422 daughter of, gives birth to position of, vii, 422 Shirwi, viii, 371 move of, vii, 422 Khusrau Parwiz' letter to, Cancer, constellation, iii, 125,

viii, 373 151, 255 ; vii, 257 at birth 1 rejoicing of, of moon in, an evil omen, i, 88 ; Shirwi, viii, 374 iii. 255 (?) embassy of, to Khusrau Candace (Kandakc, Kaidafa Parwiz, viii, 374 q.v.), dynastic title of the gifts of, given by Khusrau queens of Ethiopia, vi Parwiz to Sliirwi, viii, 381 13. 7^ (7/:\\7:/i'.//, /.\7)/;.V 237

Alexander the Ciroat 16 Caiidace Caucasus, pa.sses in, i, ; vi, 79 and, vi, 65 5^17. fortified, i, 16, vii, 153, Candahar. See Kandahar. 187, 216, 239 Cannibalism, iii, mi, 244 Mas'udi's account of, Canopns, star, i, i>SS vii, 215 of 266 of Alex- Yaman, i, ; ii, 203 ; barrier (mythical)

iii, 297 ; vi, 382 ander the Great (Sikan- 16 Cappadocia (Pdlawina), vi, 294 dar) in, i, ; vi, 78, 189, Captives, mutilation of, vi, 323, 249 334. 34^5. 357 legend of, in the Kuran, settlement of, vi, 327, 357 vi, 78 Carline and BahrAm Chubina, site of, vi, 79 viii, 1 89, 303 described, vi, 164 Carnclians, ii, 123 Cave, cavern, in Mazandaran, ii, of Yaman, ii, 123 28

Carrhjc, defeat of Crassus at, i, 15 White Div's, ii, 28, 55, 58 Carthagenians, the, vi, 30 seq. Alexander the Great's Afrasiyab's, in A/arbaijan, legendary visit to, vi, 30 iv, 136 seq.. 259 seq. Casaubon, Isaac, vi, 13 Central clime. See Clime. Caspian Sea, i, 3, 4, 16, 19, 56, Chach (Shash, Old Tashkand, 57, 338; ii, 189, 336; now' in ruins), city on the the iii, 10, 192 ; iv, 136 ; v, right bank of Jax- 13 artes west of Ferghana, for its Caspian Gates, iv, 315 ; vi, 31, famous bows, ii,

32 241, 258 ; iv, 19, 187, 188. Cassander eldest (B.C. 350-297), 255 ; vii, 167, 329, 334. son of Antipatcr and 340, 343. 348, 358, 359; of 82 King Macedonia, vi, viii, 314,377 ; ix, 115. "6 as. See Castellan, bishop Bishop. bow of, i, 227 ; iii, 123, 181, division of Castes, Aryans into, 227 ; V, 244 ; vi, 384 ; i. 7 viii, 125, 126, 294 Iranians into, i, 130, 132 government of, given to Tus Castle, White. 5d:e White Castle, by Rustam, ii, 358 of the Alans. See Alans. thane of, one of Firdausi's Bahman. See Bahman. authorities, vi, 197, 210 Obli\ion, vii, 184 referred to, vi, 229 and Kubad son of Piriiz note confined in, vii, 184 daughter of governor of, escapes from, viii, 184 vii, 2S5 Catholicus, viii, 195 intrigue of, vii, 285 Catullus, Roman poet (B.C. 84- executed, vii, 286

54). i. (>o battle-axes of, ix, 118 on Persian next of kin Chaghan, district on the right marriage, i, bo bank of the Oxus where Caucasus, mountain-range run- that river is crossed from ning in a soutix-easterly Tirmid, and city further direction from the Black north on the upper waters to the lO Sea Caspian, i, ; of river of the same name,

iv, 316 ; vi, 15 ; vii, 214, iii, 152, 177, 228 ; vii, 94,

217 ; viii, 72 157. 359 ^38 GENERAL INDEX

Chaghan, ceded by Kubad to Chare- of Mytilene, story by, of the Haitalians, vii, 198 Hystaspes and Zariadres monarch of = Faghanish, vii, cjuoted, iv, 314 333 Charinda, river, iii, 10 note on Chaghwan = Chaghan (?), vi, 174 Charjui (Amwi q.v.), city the Sikandar visits, vi, 174 Oxus, vii, 91 note quits, vi, 175 Charogos. SeeTainiish.

Chaha, hostelry of, i, 45 Chase, equipage for, vii, 48, 76 ; Chahar Makala, Persian treatise, viii, 384 201 i. 23 Chess, game of, i6c), vi, ;

account of Firdausi in, i, 38, vii, 14 and note, 280, 385 39, 45 seq. ; viii, 371 Chahram (Jahram q.v.), city in Note on, vii, 380 Pars sent by the Raja of Hind to Chalah, viii, 193 Niishirwan, vii, 5, 380, Chalandshan. See Chanland- 384 seq. shan. expounded by Buzurjniihr, Chalcedon, viii, 194, 195 vii, 380, 388 Chalybon-Bcroea (Aleppo), city symbolism of, vii, 381 in northern Syria, vii, 218; two forms of, vii, 38 1, 388, viii, 41 422 held to ransom by Niishir- changes in powers of pieces wan, vii, 218 in, vii, 381 Champions, the Twelve, vii, 15O. Mas'udi on, vii, 382 See Rukhs. invention of. Story of the, Chamrosh, mythical bird, i, 235 i6g, vii, 394 seq.

1 Chanlandshan K h a a n a n . ( j Chess-board, vii, 14, 385, 388 Khanlanjan), district and Chess-men, vii, 14, 380, 388 town (Firuzan) near Ispa- Chevy Chase, ii, 82 han on the Zayinda river Chigil (Naryn ?) district and {see LEC. pp. 206, 207 river, tributary of the and note), i, 29 Jaxartes, iv, 135 Ahmad ibn Muhammad of, monarch of, v, no

patron of Firdausi, i, 29 commands the left, v, no Firdausi's escape from = Arjasp, v, 54, 86 drowning at, i, 26, 29 Turkman of, =Gurgsar, v, Chao-wou=Sawa q.v., viii, 72 139 Characters, chief, of Shahnama, Chihrzad (Humai), daughter and i. 49 wife of Shah Bahman, ii, of 7tote Characteristics, fran, i, 3 seq. 3 ; V, 290 and Characteristics of a Happy Man, meaning of, v, 290 and note Pahlavl text, vii, 279 Chi'jast (Khanjast, Urumiah), Charam, j^lace in Iran, iii, 40, 41, lake in Azarbaijan, iv, 52, 68. 85, 86, III, 112 136 note Charbar, place on the coast of Cliildren, sometimes brought up ]ialuchistan (Makran), vi, un-named, i, 8, 179 70 Chin, country, China, but gen- Chares of Mytilene, Greek writer erally in the Shahnama and official at the court of equivalent to Chinese Alexander the Great ii Tartary and sometimes vi JO ; 61 to Ti'ir^n, 160, 165, 173, GENERAL IMJHX ^39

Chin, count! y, China—coul. Cliin, sea of—-conl. i, J07, 229. 230, 2G1, 267, ^:M. 239 note : vi 149

351. 371 : ii. 77. 82, III, vii, 343 ; viii, 377 shield M3. 154. 156. 237, 277. of, iii, 125, 140, 256 ; 2S6, 287, 289, 297, 305, ix, 118

307. 357. 359. i^i, 394 ; Sikandar goes to, vi, 169 silk iii, 4O, 49, 103, loO and of, i, 157 ; iii, 104, 165 ;

passim. V, 159, 295 ; vi, 85, 266 ; to assigned by Faridun Tiir, vii, 73. 92, 347. 364. 418 ; i, 189 viii, 258, 269, 374 brocade of, i, 269, 233 and steel of, iii, 186 passim stuffs of, vi, 143, 215 coasts of, vi, 1 73 ware of, vii, 78 cloth of gold from, ii, 275 ; sage of, viii, 235 vi, 182, 334 sashes from, ix, 12, 53 dinars of, iv, 241 gold thread of, ix, 82 Faghfiir of. See Faghfur. merchantmen of, ix, 89 helm of, i, 132 China, country, vi, 204 images of, v, 35 silk industry of, vi, 204 implements of, vi, 122 Chinab (Akesines), river in the Khan of. See Khan. = Punjab, vi, 31, 64 King of Afrasiyab, ii, 99; Chinese, viii, 72 iv, 165, 170, 230 language, vi, 147 = Khan, iii, 227, 228; Chingish, Turanian hero. I4'j. iii, vii, 87 207 = Arjasp, V, 36, 52, 55, volunteers to avenge Kamiis, 108 = 69, 86, iii, 194 Faghfur, vii, 131 challenges Rustam, iii, 194 of = lord Mahmud, iv, 142 slain by Rustam, iii, 195 = Sikandar, vi, 113 Chi'nwi, noble of Chin, viii, 331 = Faghfur, vi, 171 Chionitae, people, v, 13 mace of, iii, 129 geographical position of, v, ornaments of, ii, 232 ; vi, 13 102, 139 Chorene, Moses of. See Moses. paper of, vi, 172 Chosrau, Chosroes I (Kisra), pen of, vi, 57, 99 Sasanian Sh4h, vii, 212, prince of = Khan, iii, 226 281. See Nushirw4r^ = Afrasiyab, iv, 194 Chosroes, king of Armenia, vi, = Arjasp, V, 35 202

=Parmuda, viii, i,\z Christ, 174, vi, 339 ; vii, 207, = 222 2 Sawa, viii, 249, 264, 270, 273, 70 ; rarities of, vi, 171, 173 ; vii, ix, 24, 109

49 Faith of, vi, 133, 339 ; vii, robes of, iii, 329 ; viii, 205, 274 ; viii, 43, 191, 272, 257 310, 380 Rose of = daughter of the account of, viii, 276 Khan, vii, 363 and nole father of, viii, 276 sea of, i, 113, 140, 252, 349; mother of, viii, 276 ii, 12, 256, 276, 285, 356, Cross of, viii, 377, 3S0 IX, 357; iii, 151, 252; iv, 23

^37. 2^4 ; V, 109, 203, laughter of, viii, 191, 380 240 GENERAL INDEX

Christian, Christians, 767, vi, Cloud, thunder-, as water-steal-

342 ; vii, 171, 254, 270 ; ing demon, i, 7 viii, 21, 67, 195, 196, 256, of bale = Afrasiyab, ii, 13 to 272, 308, 310, 381 ; ix, 23 name given by Rustam rites of marriage, vi, 104 himself, ii, 53 Faith, vi, 336 Clough, quoted, viii, 187 persecution of, vii, 153 Cocks and hens, taught to crow Firdausi's view of, vii, 219 daybreak, i, 126 wife of Nushirwan, vii, 263, Colchians, people of the south- 274 eastern shores of the mother of Niishzad, vii, Euxine, vi, 72 263 Colic, cure of, vii, 39 helps NiishzAd in his Commander of the Faithful, ix,

revolt, vii, 266 7-2 laments for Niishzad, 'Umar, the first, ix, 72 and vii, 276 note support Niishzad, vii, 266, Commons, king of the, vii, 3 Communists (Mazdakites, q.v.), shut gates of Karsan against vii, 185 Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 252 Companions of the Prophet Christianity, vi, 138 (Muhammad), ijg polemics against, vii, 219, praise of, /jp, i, 106

270, 273 Constantinople, vii, 316 ; viii, Chiibin (Jiibin), father, accord- 194 ing to Mas'iidi, of Bahram conspirator against Nushir- Chiibina, viii, 77 wan escapes to, vii, 316 Chubina, viii, 215, 222 Contents, General Table of, ix, meaning of, viii, 98 note 139 Cilicia (Kaidafa), most south- Cook, chief, of Nushirwan, griev- easterly province of Asia ance of, viii, 18 Minor, vi, 294 Cordwainer. See Shoemaker. Circesium, viii, 188 Corn-land, taxes on, vii, 215 City of Women, 160. See Hariim. Corpse, 160 Claudius, Roman emperor (A.D. Cos, island in the ^gean sea, vi, 41-54), iii, 10 204 Cleophis, Indian queen, vi, 65 silk industry of, vi, 204 Alexander the Great and, Cosmogony, ancient Iranian, i, vi, 65 5. 71

Climate, of Iran, i, 4, 5 Firdausi's, 102, iv, 136 Mazandardn, ii, 27 Country of the Blest. Sec Blest. Clime, Climes, the seven, i, 40, Courses, the Seven, of Rustam,

71, 122, 123, 238 ; ii, 15 143, ii, 29, 44 seq.

note, 372 ; iii, 290, 317 ; Crassus, the triumvir (B.C. 115-

vi, 179, 262, 266, 273, 280, 53). i. 15 at 376, 377 ; viii, 39.5 defeat of, Carrh;r, i, 13 Kai Khusrau surveys, in his Creation, Zoroastrian account of,

divining-cup, iii, 318 i. 5. 117 122 102 Central, i, 71, ; ii, 27 Firdausi's account of, i,

Cloud, emblem of prosperity, i, seq. of 73, 113, 114 ; ii, 263 and Crete, island, south Greece, note note. ; iv, 141 ; vi, 96 vi, T,ii GENERAL INDEX 241

Crete, Minos king of, legend of, Cypress, of Kishmar. See Kish. vi, 323 note mar. the Great Crocodile,= iii, 278 Cyrus (B.C. 558-528), assassin, i, iii son of Cambyses and = Kamus, iii, 192 founder of the Persian Cross, the, 174. vi, 351, 352; empire in vii, 249, 270, 276 ; viii, 308, legend of, Herodotus 309, 374 identical with that of Kai captured by D4rab, vi, 306 Khusrau, ii, 9, 190 and 7wte in Ctesias transferred to religion of, vi, 138 Ardshir Papakan, vi, Passion of, vi, 339 195

the true, viii, 191, 196, 253, rise of, i, 18 to that of 377. 37S, 380 ; ix, 4, 5, compared Ard- 10, 24 shir Papakan, vi, 194 restoration of, ix, 7, 56 historical parallel with Kai of Christ, ix, 23 Khusrau, v, 10 Elevation of, ix, 43 Crows and Owls, story of, viii, 263 and note D Crystal, House of, ix, 25 and note Ctesias. See Ktesias. Dabistan, 17th century Persian Ctesiphon (Taisafiin q.v.), city on treatise, v, 28 the left bank of the Tigris Cypress of Ki.shmar, account some 25 miles below Bagh- of, in, V, 28 dad, originally an exten- Dad, franian warrior, vii, 86 sion of Seleucia on the Dadafrid, melody, viii, 398 and right bank of that river, note ii, 80; vi, 321, 322, 325, Daevas. See Div. in 372 ; viii, 42, 188, 189, Daghwi, desert Turkistan, ii,

193. 194. 196 ; ix, 65 seq. 193; iv, 117 taken by Shahrbaraz, ix, Dahaei.e.," foes "or" robbers," 43. 44 a name given by the Iran- Sa'ad, ix, 67 ians to the nomad tribes booty found at, ix, 68 dwelling east of the Casp- Culture-heroes. See Gaiiimart, ian and north of the Hushang, Tahmuras, and Atrak in the region now Jamshid, i, 118 seq. occupied by the Yamut of Kai Cup, divining-, Khusrau, Turkmans, i, 19 ; iii, iii, 317, 318, 323 10 inexhaustible, of Kaid, i$g, Dahaka (Azhi, Azi, Zahhak

vi, 94, 100, 109 q.v.), evil spirit, i, 7, 142, poisoned, proffered to Ard- 172 shfr PapakAn, vi, 259 Dahistcin, stead or home of the crj'stal, to detect poison (?), Dahae q.v. and town vii, 51 between Harat and Marv,

Cybele, Greek goddess, vi, 71 1, 280, 344 seq., 349, 363, = Hittite Ma, vi, 71 iv, 61, 72, 79, 148, 157 ; Cymbals, of the Brides of the ix, 95

Treasure, vi, 250 ; vii, 35 Naudar beleaguered in, by note and Afrasiyab, i, i^i vol-. IX. 242 GENERAL INDEX

in Dai, genius, i, 88, 89 ; iii, 287, Dambar, city Kabulistan (? ) 328 which was regarded as month or day, i, 88, 89 ; v, Indian, i, 252, 256 ; iv,

43 ; vi, 306 ; viii, 173, 278, 283, 284 ; vii, 396,

421 ; ix, 17 399. 421 88 note pa Mihr, day, i, ; v, Damdad, Nask, i, 70

16 1 Damur, Turanian hero, ii, 296, Dai where Marj, place Bahram 319 ; iv, 156 Giir is said to have been overthrown by Siyawush, drowned, vii, 6 ii, 295 Daitya, river, v, 13 advocates execution of Siya- Daizan (Tair q.v.), vi, 322 wush, ii, 317 legend of, vi, 322 Danbar. See Dambar. daughter of, legend of, vi, Dandamis. See Mandancs. coin, ix, and note " Dang, 94 Dakhma, Tower of Silence," i, Danishwar, the dihkan, sup- 81 and note posed compiler of the Dakiki, Persian poet, ijg, 154, Bastan-nama, temp. Yaz- 8 155. ii. 3 'tiote, ; v, dagird III, i, 67, 68 10, 13; vi, 196; viii, Danube, river, v, 1 1

190 Darius' expedition to, v, 1 1 . account of, i, 28, 67, 69, Dara, son of Darab, Shah (Darius 20 log ; V, Codomanus q.v.) 158, i, Firdausi 21 281 and, v, seq., 42 ; ii, 3, 9 ; v, ; vi, 30, 87, 88 83 seq., 112, 113, 123, work of, compared with the 124, 132, 137, 170, 172,

Yatkar-i-Zarirdn, v, 24 188, 325, 353 ; viii, 220, seq. 242, 387 Damaghan, city on the road from first historic Shah in the Tihran to Nishapur and Shahnama, i, 49 the capital of the province origin of name, v, 297 note of of Kumis, ii, 15 ; iv, 255 ; legendary son Darab, vi, viii, 109, i8g 17, 27 Daman-i-Kuh, the northern appointed by Darab to "mountain-skirt" of mod- succeed him, vi, 27 ern Persia, iii, 15 Reign of, 15S, vi, 29 seq. Damascus, chief city in Syria, Note on, vi, 29 seq. vi, 195 historical account of, vi, 29 Nicolaus of, Greek his- movements of, after his torian, temp. Augustus, final defeat by Alex- vi, 195 ander (Sikandar), vi, 31 Damdwand, volcano nearly Sikandar's correspondence 20,000 feet high and the with the wife and daugh- culminating peak of the ter of, vi, 33 mountain-range south of accession of, vi, 34 the Caspian, i, 143, 144, letter of, to the kings, vi, 202 148 ; vi, ; viii, 391 34 fettered Zahhdk on, i, 169, pays his troops, vi, 35 173 ambassadors come to, vi, 35 Arish's arrow-shot from, v, demands tribute froni iz Sikandar, \i, 50 GENERAL INDEX 243

Dari, marches against Sikandar, D4rA Pandh, viii, 189, 284 vi. 37 goes disguised to Khusrau Sikandar 's visit to the camp Parwiz' camp, viii, 2S6 of, vi, 38 betrays Bahram Chubina, invites Sikandar to a ban- viii, 286 quet, vi, 40 returns to Bahram Chubina, ambassador of, recognises with forged letter, viii, 287 Sikandar, vi, 40 T>krkh, Shah, son of Bah man sends horsemen in pursuit and Humii, 158, i, 42 ;

of Sikandar vi, 41 ii, 3. 9 ; V, 281, 292, 297 defeated by Sikandar, vi, 43 seq. ; vi, 11, 34 and 7iote, collects another army, vi, 49. 83, 84, 86, 132, 137, 188 43 172, ; vii, 215 ; viii, defeat of vi, 44 191 goes to Chahram vi, 44 foundling legend of, ii, 11; Istakhr vi, 44 V, 293 seq. takes counsel with his chiefs Tabarf's version of, v, note vi, 45 297 collects a new host vi, 46 birth of, V, 294 marches from Istakhr, vi, 46 referred to, v, 294 seq. defeat of, vi, 46 exposed on the Farat, v, withdraws to Kirman, vi, 295 46 found and adopted by a bewails himself, vi, 47 launderer, v, 296 seq. letter of, to Sikandar, vi, 49 royal birth of, asserts itself, Fur, vi, 50 V, 298 marches against Sikandar, youthful escapades of, v, 298 as vi, 51 brought up a cavalier, v, abandoned by his troops 299 and flees, vi, 51 feels lack of natural affec- murdered by his ministers, tion for the launderer, v, vi, 52 300 murderers of, arrested by hears of his case from the Sikandar, vi, 53 launderer's wife, v, 300 dying interview of, with enlists, v, 301 Sikandar, vi, 53 seen by Ifuniai, v, 302 vengeance promised to, by and the adventure of the Sikandar, vi, 53 ruined vault, v, 303 tells his last wishes to receives gifts from Rashna- Sikandar, vi, 54 wad, V, 304 bestows Rushanak upon questioned by Rashnawid, Sikandar, vi, 55, 86 V, 304 the dies, vi, 55 prowess of, against burial of, vi, 56 Riimans, v, 305, 306 Seisin, son of, vi, 211 praised and rewarded by kindred of, support Ard- Rashnawcid, v, 305, 306 shi'r Papakdn, vi, 223 captures the Cross, v, 306 Dara (l)aras), city, viii, 41, 194 and )wte taken by Niishirwan, viii, 41 takes of the spoil one spear, ceded by Khusrau I'arwiz, V, 307 viii, 188 returns to Iran, v, 307 244 GENERAL INDEX

Darab, Rashnawad hears from Darband, Pass of, described,

the launderer and his wife i, 16

of the case of, v, 308 fortification of, i, 16, 17 Rashnawad writes to Hnmai and note, vii, 213, 239 about, V, 308 Mas'iidi's accounts of, recognised by Humai as vii, 215 being her son, v, 308 Dari, vii, 430 and note appears with Rashnawad Dariel, Pass of, in the Caucasus, Isefore Humai, v, 309 seq. vi, 79

crowned by Humai and Darius, Hystaspis, Shah, i, 9, 65 ; her 10 accepts excuses, v, 310 V, ; viii, 187 Humai proclaims the ac- trilingual inscription of, at

cession of, V, 311 Bihistiin, i, 6 visited by, and rewards, the Zoroastrian calendar adopt- launderer and his wife, ed by, i, 59 V, 311, 31-2 reign of, and Gusht^sp's Reign of, 158, vi, 11 seq. compared, v, 11 Note on, vi, 11 seq. conversion of, v, 1 1 father of Sikandar in Per- Darius, Codomanus (Dara q.v.) sian 16 legend, vi, Shah, i, 49 ; vi, 16, 17, 29 legendary father of Dara, vi, defeated at Issus, vi, 30 17 Alexander escapes from the liarangues the chief-;, vi, 20 banquet of, vi, 30 ambassadors come to, vi, 21 defeated at Gaugamela, vi, employs Ruman artificers, 31 vi, 21 asks that his family may be wars with the Arabs, vi, 21 restored to him, vi, 31 defeats and demands tribute writes to Porus, vi, 31 from Arabs, vi, 22 historical account of the wars with Rum, vi, 22 death of, vi, 31 defeats Failakus, vi, 23 daughter of, marries Alex- grants terms of peace to ander, vi, 33 Failakus, vi. 24 corpse of, sent to Pars, vi, marries the daughter of 33 Failakus, vi, 25 assassins of, punished, vi, 33 returns to Pars, vi, 25 Dareja, river in Azarbaijan, v, becomes disaffected towards 14 his wife (Nahid), vi, 25 Darkness, Land of. See Gloom. marries again, vi, 27 House of, ix, 7 ; Dara is born to him, vi, 27 Darmdn, viii, 202 fails in health, vi, 27 Darmesteter, Professor, un I'ir- to appoints Dard succeed dausi's geography, ii, 7<), him, vi, 27 80 dies, vi, 28 on Afrdsiy^b's capture by Ddrab, Darabgird, city in Pars, Hum, iv, 136 756', vi, 17, 198, 199; Story of the Worm, vi, 203 viii, 313 Haftvvad, vi, 206 Darband, town and pass be- Darun, Zoroastrian religious rite, tween the Caucasus q.v., V, 19 and the river in Casj^ian, ii, 336 ; Daryai Riid, Azarbdijan, viii, 369 nole V, 14 GENERAL INDEX \5

Dastaginl, city, viii, 103, 196 ; Dihkdn, Persian generic title, i, ix, 7 56, 81 taken by Heraclius, \iii, Kq Fiiith of, vi, 95 Dashma, franian hero, iv, 148 Dijla (Arwand, Tigris q.v.), river,

Dastan (Zal

D4stan-i-Zand (Zal q.v.), i, 245 Dilafn'iz, franian hero, iv, 147 and }iole, 248 Dilafri'iz, a bramble-grubber, Date-palm, i, 4 Bahram Gur and, vii, 70 taxes on, vii, 215, 225 seq. Daughter of Kaid. See Kaid, Dilafruz-i-Farruk!ipai, franian Four Wonders of. slave-girl, 162, vi, 3 " Daulat Shah, author of Lives slave to Caesar's wife, vi,

of the Poets," i, 24 338 Death, early, I'lrdausi's justifi- pities Sha])nr, vi, 339 cation of, ii, 119 discovers who Shapiir is, vi, Dead Sea, viii, 192 339 Deinon. See Dinon. frees Shapiir from the ass's Deipnosophistce, of Athcnaeus, ii, skin, vi, 340 ID escapes with Shapur from quoted, iv, 314 Rum, vi, 340 seq. Derketo, goddess, v, 292 entertained by a gardener, legend of, v, 292 vi, 34^ Destiny, Muhammadan and Zor- praised by Shapur, vi, 346 oastrian conceptions of, i, named and honoured by 52 Shapur, vi, 356 Dewasarm, king of Hind, vii, 381 meaning of, vi, 356 note sends the game of chess to Dilam, Dilaman, district on the Niishirwan, vii, 380 Caspian now represented Dharma, Indian god of righteous- by Talish and part of

ness, iv, 138 Gilan, vi, 202, 227 ; vii, follows in the form of a dog 243. 244, 362 the Pandavas in their pil- Dilamids (Buyids), dynasty rul- grimage, iv, 139 ing in south-western fran Dhoulkarnain. See Zu-'l-kar- in the loth century A.D.,

nain. i, 14. 21, 45 Dhu K4r, battle of, viii, 188, ix, Dilamite, 'AH the, friend and

4. 5. 66 helper of Firdausi, i, 35 ; historical account of, viii, ix, 121 190 Dihinjam, Caesar's (temp. Luh- date of, viii, 191 rasp) second daughter, iv, Diagram to illustrate reign of 333 Gushtasp, V, 27 asked in marriage by Mirin, Persian Romance of Alex- iv, 333 ander the Great, vi, 84 married to Mi'ri'n, iv, 341 Diba-i-Khusraui, treasure, viii, Dilarai, wife to Dara and mother 406 and note of Rushanak, 15S, J59, vi, Dice, vii, 381 87 seq. used in the game of nard, visited by Nahi'd, vi, 89 See vii, 3''^ I. 389 Dimna, Kalila and, i6r). symbolism of, vii, 381, 382 Fables of Bidpai. >46 GENERAL INDEX

Dina-i Mainog-i lsh\ra.d, Pahlavi Div, divs, carry Jamshid on his text, ii, 189 throne up to the sky, i, 1 33 quoted, vii, 279 title of honour, ii, 29 Dinar, gold coin, i, 81, 231, 363 song of a, ii, 31 and passim Arjasp informed by a, of Dinawari, Arabic historian Gushtasp's resolve not to (ninth century), vi, 16, pay tribute, v, 36

64, 80, 81, 256, 323 ; vii, Mazdak's five, vii, 205 6, 156, 186, 214 Biizurjinihr's ten, vii, 368

Dinkard, Pahlavi text, i, 70 note, Akwan. See Akwan.

8t = i, 373 ; ii, 26, ; vi. Ahriman, 7J9, 82, 126, 260 252 156, 195, ; ii, 46, 324,

Diodorus, Greek historian, temp. 342. 370. 386, 400 ; iii,

Julius Caesar and Augus- 189, 293. 333 ; iv, 63, 84, tus, V, 293 201, 206, 278, 282, 286,

Bibliotheca of, v, 293 289 seq., 301, 322, 341 ; Diognetus, Greek writer, temp. v, 35, 81, 180, 188, 189, Alexander the Great, vi, 194 seq., 218, 228, 242 ;

12 vi, 349 ; vii, 93, 107, 109, Dionysus, Greek god, vi, 71 117, 143. 154, 206, 227, temple of, visited by Si- 268, 289, 303, 304, 323,

kandar, vi, 71 332, 368 seq., 376, 390 ; Diram. See Drachm. viii, 27, 50, 87, 123, 215,

Dirazdast (Longimanus), title, 222, 304, 341, 346, 411 . 281 note v, ; vi, 324 and ix, 47, 102, 104 Div, di'vs (Daevas), demons or = Bahram Chiibina, viii, " foreign devils," 140, 143, 153. 219, 293. 298 — 150, i, 42, 82, 130, 131, witch, viii, 161 134, 148, 227, 290; h, = Zahhak, viii, 242 27. 33. 34. 38. 41 seq., 57 = Kuliin, viii, 342 seq., 68, 73, loi, 102, Binder of the=Tahmuras,

144 ; iii, 70, 74, 200, 232, i, 42, 125, 126, 214 244, 255, 257 seq., 261, = Gudarz, iv, 35 = 262 268, 273 seq., 320, 330 , Rustam, iii, 253, of iv, 86, 87, 177, 288, 295 , Black, son Ahriman, /jp,

v, 32, 58, 66, 71, 108, 174; i, 82, 117 ; ii, 53 ; v, 199 ; 201, 202, 213, 220, 230; viii, 171 82 245 ; vi, 135, 146, 150, White, 143, i, ; ii, 27, 39

241 ; vii, 115, 154, 174, seq., 43. 44. 54. 55- 58 seq.,

368 seq. ; viii, 159, 161, 66, 93, 163, 373 ; iii, 143,

206, 209, 211, 217, 218, 256, 314 ; iv, 136, 296 ; 290, 341. 342, 399 and v, 117, 176, 203, 207, 234

note, 418 ; ix, 18, 25 defeats Kaiis, ii, 40 rebel against Tahmiiras, i, blood of, cures blindness, 127 ii, 58. 62 60 overthrown by Tahmiiras, i, slain by Rustam, ii, 127 Divining-cup. See Cup. teach Tahmiiras the art of Dneiper (Borysthenes), river in writing, i, 127 southern European Rus- build edifices for Jamshid, i, sia, flowing into the Black 133 Sea, iii, 191 cnNERir. ixnnx 217

Don (Tanais), river in soutlicrn Drea 11, Abul K4sim of Gurgan's, Juiropcan Russia, (lowing iii, 190 into tlie Sea of Azov, iv, Afrasiyab's, ii, 232 seq. referred 315 note, 316 to, ii, 243, 297 ; Doiti, The Mot-all Philosophie of, iv, I 70, 267 vii, 3^3 Firdausi's, of Mahmud, i, 1 1 2 Drachm (diram), silver coin, i, Daki'ki, v, 23, 30 81 Gudarz's, ii, 363, 404 Dragon, 143. 154, 156, 160, 164, Gushtasp's, v, 19

165, i, 42, 123 ; vi, 132, Raid's, V, 62, gi 146 Ratayiin's, iv, 316, 329, 330 Faridi'in 282 takes the form of, Niishirwan's, vii, seq. ;

i, 1S6 ix, 92

of the Kashaf, i, 235 Odatis', iv, 315 Sdm and the, i, 296 seq., Papak's, vi, 200, 212 V, 202 Piran's, ii, 325 slain by Rustam and Sam's, i, 243, 244 Rakhsh, ii, 48 seq. Siyawush's, ii, 309 of Mount Sakila, iv, 342 seq. Tiis', iii, 149 Gushtasp and, iv, 343 seq. Zariadres', iv, 315 teeth of, produced by Draupadi, joint wife of the five Hishwi to Caesar, iv, 351 Pandavas, iv, 138 and referred to, iv, 358 note, 139 Sikandar's adventure with, Drought and famine in Iran, i,

vi, 71. 151 3. 5. 370. 371 ; li. 363 ; slain by Bahram Gur, vii, vii, 159, 162 42, 123 seq. Piriiz's measures to allev- 162 described, i, 123, 296 ; iv, iate, vii, 159,

202 . 345 ; v, vi, 151 ; breaking up of, described, vii, 43, 123 vii, 163 Dragon = Afrisiyab, iii, 22, 46, Mazdak's parable concern- 211, 219, 222. 248, 319, ing, vii, 201 of = 343 ; iv, 270 Drvaspa, genius cattle, iv, 137 Ahriman, i, 195 ; iii, 330 Dualism, i, 5, 49, 50, 52, 56, 58 = Ardawan, vi, 222 taught by Urmuzd to Zar- = Fur, vi, 113 duhsht, v, 16 = Giv, iii, 58 Dughdhova, v, 14, 15 = Human, iv, 43, 52 account of, v, 14 = Palashan, iii, 26 Duk, plain, yiii, 282, 284 = Puladwand, iii, 264 mountain, viii, 289

= Rakhsh's dam, i, 379 Dukhtniish. See Niisha. = Rakhsh, i, 380 Dunbar. See Dambar. = Rustam, iii, 222 Duncker, Professor, ii, 9

= Zahhak, i, 155, 158, 161, on date of Zandavasta, ii, 9 163, 168, 169, 275, 288, Durdsrobo, a Karap q.v., v, 15 292 Dust, prevalence of, in Iran, i, 3 Dragon's child =Rudaba, i, 304 as a metaphor, i, 73 and Drangiana (Sfstan), province in passim eastern fran, i, 4 ; vi, 32 Dynasty, dynasties, Iranian, i, 49 Dream, dreams, veridical, i, 51 Pishdadian q.v. Firdausi on, vii, 281 Kaianian q.v. 248 GENERAL INDEX the = Dynasty, Ashkanian q.v. Elephantine, Rustam, ii, Sasanian q.v. 6.5, 67 Eleven Rukhs, Battle of the, iv, 88 arranged by Giidarz and Pi'ran, iv, 95 seq. Eclipse of sun, total, temp. Firdausi's reflections on, iv, Piriiz, vii, 159 7, 98, 106

Edessa, S. James of, i, 374 Ellipi, kingdom of, i, 9, 17 Eggs, golden, as tribute, vi, 24, Elixir, 144, ii, 177, 178 36, 160, 169 Elymais (Elam, q.v.), kingdom, 80 Egypt (Misr, q.v.), ii, ; vi, 12, vi, 198 Endless 16, 17, 72, 81, 82 ; viii, peace, the, vii, 217 187, 193 Enotokoitai, the. vi, 80 Pseudo-Callisthenes written Epirus, ancient kingdom in in, vi. 13 northern Greece, vi. 12 invaded by Alexander the Alexander I of, vi, 12 Great, vi, 30 his expedition to Italy, 16 12 Egyptian Egyptians, vi, ; vi,

viii, 193 ; ix, no Equinox, autumnal, iv, 313 11 falsification of history by, Erinde, river, iii, 10 and note, vi, 16 Esdras (Ezra), Jewish priest and thorn, viii, 210 scribe, supposed by the linen, ix, no Muhammadans to have Ekbatana (Hamadan), the capi- restored from memory the lost the tal of Media, i, 17 ; ii, law during cap-

191 ; vi, 31, 32 tivity, vii, 207, 264 capital of the Manda, q.v., Ether, viii, 275 i. 17 Ethics, Muhammadan, respected, Elam (Susiana, Khuzistan), viii, 74 ancient kingdom and Per- Ethiop, Ethiopian, Ethiopic, i,

sian at the head 226 ; province 44 ; iii, vi, 43, 71,

of the Persian Gulf, i, 9 ; 80 vi, 194, 198 = Indian, vi, 13, 68 Elburz. See Alburz. western and eastern, vi, 13,

Elements, the four, i, 102, 286 68, 71 of Elephant, elephants, i, 112 and version the Pseudo-Callis- passim thcncs, q.v., vi, 17 and towers on, iv, 179 note. iS, 30, 33, 66, 67, Fur's, vi, 115, 116 71, 74, 82, 83 Sikandar's device to over- Ethiopia, vi, 72 come, vi, 115, 116 flight of Ncctanebus to, vi, = Rustam, iii, 221, 253 18 note = Rakhsh, iii, 257 western and eastern, vi, 68 = Fur, vi, 117 = India, vi, 68 piece in chess, vii, 285, Eumenes, Greek ephemcrist, 423 temp. Alexander the position of, vii, 388, 422 Great, vi, 12 move of, vii, 422 Euphrates (Farat, q.v.), river, ii,

White, ZAl's, 141. i, 328 80 ; V, 292 ; vi, 31. 327 ; referred to, i, 377 vii, 217 ; viii, 188, 190 GENERAL INDEX 2-!9

—cout. Euxinc, sea, i, i6 ; ii, 191, 336; Faghfiir vi, 72 80, 113, 169 seq., 325 ; Eye, metaphor for child, i, 17S, vii, 340. 343. 40'"^ : viii, I ix, 102 So, 181, 1S5, 194 ; ii, 74 ; 87, 97, Kai 297, 3-!S ; V, 272 ; vii, temp. Khusrau, helps 276, 356 Afrdsiyab, iv, 219 sue to Kai evil, ii, -204, 252 ; iii, 141, Khan and, 282 Khusrau for iv, 157. 337 ; iv, 144, ; peace,

V, 194. 245, 2.51, 290 ; 229 orders to vi, 266, 402 ; vii, 78, 81, Afrasiydb quit Khutan and Chin, iv, 172 ; viii, 16, 417 turns milk to bane, vii, 320 230 facilities to Kai seq., 324, 325 grants Khusrau for his march through Chin, iv, 239 Khan of Chin and, welcome Kai Khusrau, iv, 240 Fables of Bidpai (Book of confirmed in the posses- KaHla and Dimna), vii, sion of Chin and 202 213, 427 seq. ; viii, Machin, iv, 252 note, 390 temp. Sikandar, ambassa- introduction of, into Persia, dors from, come to Dara, vii, 213 vi, 35 translation of, vii, 382, 3S3 Sikandar visits as his own Firdausi's account of, vii, ambassador, vi, 170 430 gives audience to Sikandar, vogue of, vii, 383 vi, 170 origin of, vii, 383 entertains Sikandar, vi, 171 Niishirwan's acquisition of, answers Sikandar, vi, 172 vii, 423 seq. gifts of, to Sikandar, vi, Faghanish, temp. Piruz, kin<^ of 173 the Haitalians, 16S, vii, sends envoy with Sikandar, 157 vi, 173 helps Piriiz for a considera- temp. Bahram Giir, 765 tion, vii, 157 daughter of, the wife of temp. Niishirwan, 168 Shangul, vii, 115 made king instead of hears of Bahram Giir's ex- Ghatkar, vii, 333 ploits in Hind, vii, 129 Niishirwan takes counsel invites Bahram Giir to visit about, vii, 333 him, vii, 129 descent of, from Bahram Bahram Giir's reply to, vii, Giir. vii, 334 130 Niishirwan writes to, vii, temp. Niishirwan, viii, 97 337 Faghfiir, son of Sawa, viii, 74, makes submission to Niish- 75. 120 irwan, vii, 360 confused with Faghfiir of Faghfiir, dynastic title of the Chin, viii, 74 rulers of Chin and IMachin, parley of, with Bahram 262 1 1 2 152. 153. 160, i, ; Chiibina, viii, head on ii, 383 ; iv. II, 135. 196, of, spear, viii, 221 238 seq. ; v, ; vi, 35, 132 250 GENERAL INDEX

Failakiis (Philip II of Macedon), Faramarz, son of Rustam, 146' grandfather in Iranian 157. ii. 4. 319. 341 seq.' of legend Sikandar (Alex- 349, 351. 354 ; iii. 18, 30- ander the Great), 158, vi, 35, 36, 202, 323, 325, 326'

57, 102, 112, 125. 130, 131, 328 ; iv, 14 ; v, 173, 174,

151, 182 ; vii, 215 ; viii, 182, 183, 198, 231, 260, 387 261, 272, 274, 281, 283, wars with Darab, vi, 22 284 allied with the king of Rus, parentage of, iii, 323 vi, 22 appointed to expel the inarches from 'Amniuriya to Turkmans from Zabulis- encounter Darab, vi, 23 tan, iii, 31 defeated and returns to referred to, v, 184 'Ammuriya, vi, 23 Zawara and, sent by Rustam sues for peace, vi, 23 to bid Zal and Riidaba to send and agrees tribute, prepare to receive Asfan- his in give daughter diyar, v, 190 to niarriage, Darab, i$8, slays Mihr-i-Nush, v, 227 vi, 24, 25 goes to Rustam and Asfan- Sikandar as his adopts heir, diyar, v, 247 vi, 27 marches against Kabul, v, the Faith, Faiths, four, vi, 92, 274, 276 95 takes the corpses of Rustam, of Christ, Christian, vi, 133, Zawara, and Rakhsh from 352, 356 the pits, and conveys of Ahriman, ii, 358 ; vi, them to Zabul for burial, 281, 290 V, 274 seq. Commander of Faithful, the, ix, fights with the king of 72 Kabul and puts him 'Umar, the first, ix, 72 and and his kin to death, v, note 276, 277 Fakirs, the, vi, 61 makes a Zabuli king of Alexander the Great and, Kabul, V, 277 vi, 61 returns to Zabul, v, 277 Onesicritus and, vi, 61 hears of Bahman's invasion Fakka', a kind of drink, i, 43 and marches him, note against 100 V, 287 Falatun (Plato), vii, ; viii, defeated and to 264 put death, V, 288 Falconry, ii, 108, 196; vi, 176; of Abtin and vii, 42, 48 seq., 54, 55, 76 Faranak, wife and note mother of Faridun, i, 90,

origin of, i, 126 145. 157 Famine, See Drought. Faridun brought up by, on Farab (Fariyab ? q.v.), iv, 185 Birmaya's milk, i, 151 Farab (Firabr), desert and town taken by, to Mount on the right bank of the Alburz, i, 152 Oxus opposite to Amwi, told by, about his origin. q.v., vii, 91, 92 i. ^5Z desert of, ix, 115, 118 prays for Faridiin's safety, Fara'in, Iranian chief, vii, 207 i. 158 GENERAL INDEX 251

r"ar4nak, rejoices over Faiidun's Farayin, counselled by his success, i, 175 youngest son, ix, ^i gifts of, to Faiidi'iii, i, 176 misrule of, ix, 33 Faranak, daughter of liarzin, plot against, ix, 54 vii, 53 Farfuriyus (I'orphyrogenitus ?), married to Bahrain Gi'ir, Ki'iman general, i6y, vii, vii, 53 218 Farnngis, daughter of Afrasiyab, defeated by Niishirwan, vii, wife of Siyawush, and 256 mother of Kai Khusrau, makes report to Caesar, vii, 1^5, 1^6, 148, ii, 270 seq., 260 2S8 seq., 299, 306, 373, Farghan, Riiman architect, and

381, 386 5^^. ; iii, 96, 117, Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 401 203, 211 seq. Mandane and, identical in Farghana, region south of the legend, ii, 191 Jaxartes, east of Sughd, Siyawush marries, ii, 270 iii, log Afrasiydb summons, to Farghar, Turanian hero, iii, 250 court, ii, 300 seq. goes to spy on Rustam, iii, Siyawush confides in, ii, 307 250 seq. reports to Afrasiyab, iii, 253 Afrasiyab appealed to by, Farhad, Iranian hero, ii, 73, 85,

ii, 317 seq. 138 316, 338, 340 ; iii, II. imprisoned, ii, 320 20, 25, 34, 45, 48, 127, sentenced, ii, 322 268, 289, 313, 327, 331, Pfran and saves takes charge 352 ; iv, 13, 15, 21, 25, of, ii, 324 seq. 42, 147, 292 Kai Khusrau born of, ii, 326 Parthian origin of, iii, 1 1 dwe'ls at Siyawushgird, ii, goes as envoy to the king of 333 Mazandaran, ii, 63 instructs Kai Khusrau how takes part in the Fight of to find Bihzad, ii, 374 the Seven Warriors, ii, gives Giv the mail of III Siyawush, ii, 376 steed of, iii, 313 crosses the Jihi'in, ii, 392 goes with Rustam to rescue provided for by Kai Kaiis, Bizhan, iii, 334 ii, 399 left in command bv Giv, Fariburz marries, iii, 14S iv, 83 referred 202 in of the left to, iii, 146 seq., ; put command iv, 205, 213, 216 wing, iv, Qi death of referred to, iv, 304 left at Gang-bihisht, iv, 219 Farat (Euphrates), river, 158, Farhcid, Iranian general, temp.

V, 294, 309 ; vi, 37, 42, Niishirwan, vii, 251

43, 290 ; viii, 93, 250 commands left wing, vii, 251 DArAb cast away upon, v, Farhad, lover of Shirin, viii, 192 295 Fariburz, son of Kai Kaus, 148, FarAyi'n (Guriz, Shahrbariz^.z;.), 151, ii, 3, 62, 199, 316, Shah, lys, ix, 50, 53, 105 335. 336, 340. 358, 405 accession-speech of, ix, 52 seq., 409; iv, 14, 24, 32, counselled by his eldest son, 45, 50. 145 seq., 164, 166, ix, 52 167, 174, 177, 182, 187, 252 GENERAL INDEX

Fariburz —cont. Fariburz, Kai Khusrau remon- 211, 213, 215, 238, 239, strated with by, and nobles for 253, 258, 268, 289, 331 ; other refusing iv, 13, 34. 37. 91 audience, iv, 275 encampment of, described, Kai Khusrau's gift to, iv, ii. 155 295 claims of, to the throne sup- sets out with Kai Khusrau ported by Tus, ii, 401, on his pilgrimage, iv, 306 iii, 13 refuses to turn back when recognises Kai Khusrau as bidden by Kai Khusrau, Shah, ii, 410 iv, 307 Kai Khusrau 's letter to, Kai Khusrau farewells and his iii, 84 warns, and comrades, reads to the chiefs Kai iv, 308 Khusrau's letter, and disappears and is sought his com- supersedes Tus, iii, 86 in vain by, and sends Ruhham to Piran, iii, rades, iv, 308 87 vainly reminds his com- obtains an armistice and rades of Kai Khusrau's prepares to renew the warning, iv, 309 campaign, iii, 89 end of, iv, 309 son fights and is defeated, iii, 90 Faridun (Thraetaona), Shah, returns to Iran, iii, iii of Abtin and Faranak,r^o,

asks Rustam to support his 141, 133, i. 30. 42, 54, 55. suit to Farangis, iii, 146 90 seq., 142, 286, 336, 341, marries Farangis, iii, 148 349, 351, 364, 370. 382. leads the van of Rustam's 384, 385; ii, ". 17, 19, expedition to succour Tus, 21, 29, 33, 36, 37, 99. 193. iii, 148 195, 204, 237, 274, 318,

meets Giidarz, iii, 163 327. 392, 400, 404 ; iii. joins forces with Tus, iii, 21, 37. 245. 257; iv, 17, 169 66, 69, 89, 91, 142, 149. goes to Kai Khusrau with 151, 153, 168, 174, 203, tidings of victory, iii, 236 204, 221, 222, 255, 259, seq. 260, 262, 266, 269, 286, returns to the host, iii, 241, 289, 299, 313, 328; V, 32, 243 34, t6o, 180, 196, 204 commands the right wing, seq., 245, 260, 261, 271,

iv, 24 283 ; vi, 73, 172, 209, tern, 60, 62, superseded pro by 406 ; vii, 37, 38, Katmara, iv, 92 73, 79, loi, 120, 199, 207 ; chosen to fight with Kulbad, viii, 129, 205, 218, 231, iv, 97 242, 260, 300, 376 seq.,

slays KulbM, iv, 99 391, 392 ; ix, 25, 39, 53. commands with TukhAr the 71, 86, 103 troops from Khawar, iv, mythological origin of, i, 171 148 seq. slays Fartus, iv, 181 Zahh4k's dream of, i, 147 commands the right, iv, 191 seq. takes part in the siege of advent of, prophesied, i, Gang-bihisht, iv, 199 149 GENERAL INDEX 253

Fari'dun, birth of, i, 150 Faridiin, becomes Shdh, i, 168 father of, slain by Zahhdk, i, fetters Zahhak upon Mount

151 Damawand, i, 169

brought up on the milk of Reign of, 140, i, 171 seq. the cow Birniaya, i, 151 Note on, i, 171 seq. taken by his mother to three sons of, i, 174, 177 Mount Alburz, i, 152 ethnical significance of, i, palace of, burned by Zahhak, 54

i. 152, 153 accession of, i, 174 his questions mother about holds a feast, i, 175 his origin, i, 152 makes a progress through contemplates revenge on the world, i, 17G Zahhak, i, 154 builds himself a seat, i, 177 dissuaded by his mother, i, sends Jandal on a mission, i, 154 177 Kawa revolts to, i, 157 receives Jandal s report, i, resolves to war with Zahhak, 182

i, 157 instructs his sons how to

brothers of, i, 158 deal with Sarv, i, 182

ox-head mace invented by, sons of, outwit Sarv, i, 184 1,158 receive Sarv's daughters the rewards smiths, i, 158 in marriage, i, 185 goes to fight Zahhcik, i, 159 return home, i, 186 seq. proved by Fan'dun, i, 186 visited and instructed by named by Faridiin, i, 187 Suriish, i, 159 wives of, named by Fari- life of, attempted by his diin, i, 188 brothers, i, 160 horoscopes of, taken by saves himself his by magic Faridiin, i, 188 power, i, 160 divides the world among led van of, by Kawa, i, 160 his sons, i, 189 crosses the Arwand (Dijla, grows old, i, 189 Tigris), 1, 160 Salm and Tiir write to, to

enters Zahhak's capital, i, demand the abdication of 161 fraj, i, 191

overthrows Zahhdk's talis- makes answer to his sons, i, man, i, 161 193 seeks in vain for Zahhak, i, holds converse with fraj, i, 162 195 finds the sisters of Jamslu'd, writes to Salm and Tiir, i, 197 162 i, fraj's head sent to, i, 202 hears where Zahhak is, i, 163 mourning of, for fraj, i, 203 Story of, and Zahhak's min- ^eq. ister (Kundrav), i, 164 sight of, injured by mourn- to doings of, reported Zah- ing for fraj, i, 204 hak by Kundrav, i, 165 hopes for issue from fraj, i, attacked by, and over- 205

throws, Zahhdk, i, 168, recovers his sight, i, 206 288 gifts of, to Miniichihr, i, 207 counselled by Surush about gives a feast to the nobles, Zahhak, i, 1O8, lOy i, 207 254 GENERAL INDEX Faddun, receives an embassage Farrukh-Hurmuzd (Hurmuzd from his sons, i, 209 q.v.), father of Rustam, makes answer to his sons, ix, 69

i, 211 Farrukhzad (of glorious birth), sends IVIiniichihr to fight name assumed by Gush- with Salm and Tur i, 215 tasp in Riim, iv, 351 seq., hears of Minuchihr's vic- 357. 360 tory, i, 222 Farrukhzad, Shah, J75, ix, 61 Minuchihr sends the heads j I seq., 70 of Salm and Tur to, i, 222, Siyah Chashm and, ix, 62 229 poisons, ix, 63 welcomes Minuchihr on his Farrukhzad (Farrukhanzad q.v.), return in triumph, i, 230 son of Hurmuzd, brother confides Minuchihr to Salm, of Rustam, and favourite

i, 231 of Khusrau Parvviz, ix, 23, gives thanks to God and 87. 92, 95 prays for death, i, 232 conspires with Guraz, viii, distributes the spoil to the 408, 412 troops, i, 232 goes to the host, viii, 412 enthrones Minuchihr, i, 232 rebels in favour of Shirwi, passes his last days in viii, 413

austerities, i, 232 brother of, viii, 413 and

dies, i, 232 note burial of, i, 233 conspires with Tukhar, viii, mourning for, i, 233, 237 414 Firdausi's reflections on, i, proclaims Shirwi Shah, viii, 170, 232 final warfare of Zahhak hears where Khusrau Par-

with, i, 278, cf. 173 wiz is hiding, viii, 419 Mount Sipand besieged by holds talk with Khusrau order of, i, 329 Parwiz, viii, 420

Grace of, i, 335 bribes Mihr Hurmuzd to saying of, ii, 219 and note murder Khusrau Parwiz, flag of = flag of Kawa, vi, 59 ix, 33 capital of, vii, 215, 238 defeats the Arabs, ix, 85 Farikin (Maiyafarikin, Martyr- counsels Yazdagird, ix, 86, opolis), city in Roman 87 Armenia, vii, 200 leads the host to Khurasan, taken by Kubad, vii, 200 ix, 8g Fdriyab, city half way between entrusts Yazdagird to the town of Marvrud and M4hwi, ix, 95 Balkh, iv, 65 goes to Rai, ix, 96 Farr, i, 82. See Grace. FarrukhzAd, Iranian warrior, Farruhan (Farrukhcin). See viii, 241, 296 Fardyin. speech of, viii, 240 Farrukh, ruler of Nimriiz, viii, Farsang (parasang), measure of 375 length, about 3.88 miles, Farrukhan (Farruhan). See i, 82 Farayin. Farshidward, son of Wisa and Farrukhdnzdd (Farrukhzad q.v.), brother of Piran, Turan-

viii, 195 ian hero, 75-', i, 92 ; iii, GENERAL INDEX 555

Farshfdward—com/. Farshfdward, a miser. Bahram 68 90, 166, 198, 205, 252 ; Gur visits, vii, seq. iv, 7, 10, 119, 122, 125, pretended destitution of, 133. 153. 160, 162 vii, 68 seq. summons Pircin to save wealth of, described, vii, 70,

Farangi's, ii, 322 72, 73 commands with Lahhak the Fartiis, Turanian hero, iii, 182, right wing, iv, 26 213, 231, 251 attacks the Iranians in comes to aid Pirdn, iii, 152 flank, iv, 82 hears of the coming of opposed by Zanga, iv, 83 Rustam, iii, 175 goes to help Piran and slain by Fariburz, iv, 181 attacks Giv, iv, 85 Farud, son of Siyawush and prowess of, iv, 86 Jarira daughter of Piran, fights with Guraza, iv, 87 and half brother of Kai Bizhan, iv, 87 Khusrau, 145, 147, i, 92, in Lahhak and, put joint 370 ; ii, 3, 291 ; iii, 8, 14, command, iv, 84 42 seq., 72, 85, 87, 93, 107,

Piran's instructions to, III seq. ; iv, 42, 135 ; iv, 95 V, 30 hear of the death of Piran birth of, ii, 291 and the coming of Kai liostiHty of Tiis to, iii, 13 Khusrau, iv, 112 Story of, 14J, iii, 37 seq. lament for Piran, iv, 112 referred to, iii, 39 take counsel with the advised by Tukhar, iii, 47, host, iv, 113 52 seq. fight and escape Iranian interview of, with Bahram, outpost, iv, 116 iii, 47 seq. referred to, iv, 118, 120, birth-mark of, iii, 49 126 gives his mace to Bahram, repose themselves, iv, 121 iii, 50 corpses of, brought back eighty slaves of, the, iii, 55 by Bizhan, iv, 126, 132 their mockery of Tiis, iii, deaths of, announced to Afrasiyab iv, 152 their mockery of Giv, iii, Farshidward, brother of Asfan- diyar, 153, v, 20, 22, no, slays the steed of Tus, iii, 56 114, 141, 171 wounds the steed of Giv, iii, governor of Khurasan, v, 77 58 stationed on the Iranian slays the steed of Bizhan,

right, v, 94 iii, 61 mortally wounded by Kuh- worsted by Bizhan, iii, 62 ram, v, 95, loi, 104 attacks the Iranians, iii, 63 Asfandiycir laments for, v, prowess of, iii, 64 loi, 104 mortally wounded, iii, 64 resolves to avenge, v, 104 dies, iii, 65 dies, V, 104 mother and slaves of, shrouded by Asfandiyar, v, destroy themselves, iii, 66 105 burial of, iii, 68 Farshidward, a miser, 16^, vii, Kai Khusrau's gritf for, iii, 8 1 12 07 seq. } seq., 256 GENERAL INDEX

Fariid, son of Shirin and Khusrau Firdaus:—covt. Parwiz, ix, 39 72, 78, 80 seq, 197, 198, Farukhzad. See Farrukhzad. 202, 250, 254, 294, 313, 88 Farwardi'n, genius, i, ; iii, 375, 321 seq.. 326, 328 vii 287, 328 368 ; 3, 4, 6, 133, 156, name of month and day, i, 159, 185, 186, 188, 213,

; viii, 88, 133, 263 ; iii, 230, 286, 214, 217 seq., 317

317. 323 ; vi, 375 ; vii, 71, 73, 74, 187, 190, 192,

363 ; viii, 367, 371 193, ix, 69 for the life origin of, iii, 286 materials of, i, Faryan, king, father-in-law of 23 seq. Kaidrush, 759, vi, 66, 67, personal references of, in the 124 seq., 171, 172 Shahnama, i, 24 seq. city of, taken by Sikandar, conclusions from, i, 35 vi, 124 date of birth of, i, 24 slain, vi, 125 Muhammadan of the Shi'ite daughter and son-in-law of, sect, i, 24, 106, 107

of ; taken prisoners, vi, 125 fond wine, i, 25 ; iv, 313 brought before Naitkun, V, 164, vi, 291, 306, 309,

vi, 126 314, 362, 369 ; vii, 277 sentenced to death, vi, 126 owned or occupied land, i,

126 ; ix 112 pardoned, vi, 25 ; vi, 411 Fciskun, forest in Rum, iv, 333, escape of, from drowning, i, 335 seq. 26, 29 26 Wolf of, 154 son of, i, ; viii, 190 described, iv, 333, 336 referred to {?), i, 27 ; Mirin bidden by Ca?sar to vii, 277, 311 26 slay, iv, 333 death of, 173, i, ; viii, Gushtasp undertakes to 190 slay, iv, 336 complains of old age, 160,

26 ; ; keeps tusks of, iv, 338 i, ; ii, 336 iv, 141 before 262 220 tusks of, produced v, ; vii, Caesar by Hishwi, iv, patrons, friends and helpers 351 of, i, 29 seq., 35, 39, no ; referred to, iv, 359 ix, 121 Fatima, daughter of Muhammad exempted from taxation, i, and wife of 'Ali, i, 12 33. 39; ix, 121 Fazl. See Abu'l 'Abbas Fazl. Nizami's account of, i, 38 Feast. See JNIihrgan, Nauruz, seq., 45 New Year's Day, Sada. later legends of, iii, 15, 109, See 8 Ferghana. Farghana. igi ; iv, Fight of the Seven Warriors, 143, Dakiki, and. See Daki'ki. ii, 82, 107 seq. Mahmud and. See Mah- Firdausi, Persian poet and mud. author of the Shahndma, Satire of. See Mahmud. 146, 134, 135, j6o, 173. Shahnama of. See Shah- nama. i, 3, 22 seq, ; ii, 9, 10, 82, 119; iii, 1 1, 108, 271, Yusuf and Zuli'kha of, i, 45 admits tradi- 272 ; iv, 136, 138, 314, Muhammadan 316; V, 10, 20 seq., 29, tions into Shdhnama,

282 ; vi, 16, 17, 64 seq., viii, 42 GENERAL INDEX ^57

Firdausi, and rhyme-word, viii, Fo-lin, vi, 73 and note 397, note Footman (pawn), piece in chess, account of Arab conquest vii, 385 by, supplemented, ix, position of, vii, 388 65 move of, vii, 422 Yazdagird's death, ix, 70, promotion of, vii, 422 107 Ford and toll-house of Zark, ix, reflections on, ix, 108, 100 and note, 116 III Fort, hill, Malcolm's descrip-

on completion of Shalinama, tion of a, i, 236 ix, 121 Fortifications vitrified vi, 79, 165 time spent on Shdhnama, Fount of Life, the, vi, 74 ix, 122 seq. ,158 seq. praise of Sultan Mahmud- Sikandar's expedition to, Sec Mah'iiud vi, 158 seq. Fire, ancient cult of the Aryans, account of, in the Pseudo- i. 7. 49, 56 Callisthcnes, vi, 74 seq. priests of. See Magi, Sikandar fails to find, vi, region of, ii, 56 160 Hiishang's discovery of, i, Founts, the Seven, viii, 392 123 Four, Wonders of Kaid. See institution of the Cult of, Kaid.

i, 116, 123 Faiths, vi, 91, 95 of Feast Sada, i, 124 Frangrasyan (Afrasiyab, q.v.), ordeal 218 by, 144, ii, seq. i, 338 ; ii, 81, 189 ; iv, sacred, vi, 21, 201, 212 137. 138 Fire—fane or temple, 154. See Frashokart, son of Gushtasp, v, Azar Abadagan, Azar- 26 gashasp, Barzin. Frasiyav (Afrasiyab, q.v.), i, — abolition 8r worship, of, pro- 338 ; ii, 68 82 286 phesied, viii, Fravashi, i, 369 ; ii, ; iii, Firiiz, Iranian king, iv, 149 Frazdanava, lake or river, v, 13 Firuzabad. See Gur. Fruba, sacred Fire, vi, 201, 255 Firuzi Kuh, pass in the Alburz Funj, leader of Khan's host, range, ii, 28 temp. Nushirwan, vii, 330 title Fish, mythological, i, 71, 72, Fur (Porus, q.v.), dynastic

148, 252 ; ii, 15, 299 ; iv, and Indian king, temp. 279; vii, 341 and note, Sikandar, i^g, vi, 31, 51, 212 note 406 ; viii, and 62, 64, 110. seq. 123, 132,

salt, the, legend of, vi, 76 135, 137. 170, 172. 175 ; seq. vii, 395 —eaters. See Ichthyo- Dara's letter to, vi, 50 phagi. Sikandar's war with, vi, 67, Fleece, Golden. See Golden. 1 1 2 seq. Flesh-meats, introduction of, routed by Sikandar's iron attributed to Ahriman, steeds, vi, 116 i. i3« single combat of, with Sik- Flight, of Muhammad, referred andar, vi, 117 to, ix, 122 slain, vi, 117 of Flying-machine, Kai Kaiis, ii, troops of, submit to Sikan- 103 dar, vi, 118 VOL. IX. 258 GENERAL INDEX

Furuliil, Iranian hero, i^i, iv, Gandarep, monster, i, 143 24. 33 slain by Keresaspa, i, 172, chosen to fight with Zan- 173 162 216 gula, iv, 97 Gang, mountain, iv, ; v, slays Zangula, iv, loi Gang, sea of, ii, 362 Gang, stronghold in Tiiran and seat of Afrasiyab, ii, 241,

261, 309, 344, 357, 369 ;

Gabriel, angel, 1, 114 ; iv, 140 ; iii, 236, 253 ; iv, 258 vi, 138 note king of = Afrasiyab, iv, 134 Gahan (Kahan, town above two places known as, iv, 136 Juwayn on the Farah = Gang-bihisht q.v., iv, igo, river which flows into 195. 197. 198, 202, 208, the northern end of the 218, 220, 221, 229, 232 Lake of Zirih in Sistan ?) = Gang-dizh q.v., iv, 247 149, iii, 152, 177, 224, 225 Gang-bihisht, north of the Jax- Gahar, Turanian hero, 1^9, iii, artes, stronghold and seat 216, 224, 251 of Afrasiyab, 152, iv, 135, comes to aid Piran, iii, 152 136, 207 seq., 228 slain by Rustam, iii, 225 Afrasiyab at, iv, 187 Gaiumart, the first Shah and marches from, iv, 190 culture-hero, and the first returns to, iv, 196 man in Zoroastrian tradi- described, iv, 195

tion, ijg, i, 90, 91, 116, prepared for a siege by 208 123 ; vi, ; viii, 24, Afrasiyab, iv, 197 5.5, 260, 269, 310, 376 besieged by Kai Khusrau, Reign of, i, 117 seq. iv, 198, 208 seq. Note on, i, 117 taken by storm, iv, 209 seq. greatness of, i, 118 occupied by Kai Khusrau

culture-hero, i, 118 for a while, iv, 218

son of, i, 119 Giidarz left in command of, 2 1 slain by Black Div, i, 120 iv, 9 envied by Ahriman, i, 119 Gustaham, son of Naudar, warned by Suriish, i, 119 left in command of, iv, 238, grief of, for the death of Kai Khusrau dwells for a Siyamak, i, 120 year in, iv, 254 bidden by Suriish to avenge Gang-dizh (Gang-i-Siyawush), Siyamak, i, 120 stronghold, 145, 153, iv, goes with Hiishang to fight 135, 136, 186 note, 203,

Black Div, i, 121 257, 264 ; ix, 25 death of, i, 1 2 1 possible identification of, ii, Firdausi's reflections on, i, i8g 121 meaning of, ii, 19 rites of, vii, 53 building and description of,

Faith of, vii, 273 ; vii, 277 ii, 279 seq. Galbwi, Iranian chief, ix, 74 Afrasiyab takes refuge at, Galinush, put in charge of Khus- iv, 230 resolves to rau Parwiz, viii, 421 ; ix, Kai Khusrau 5. II. 12 pursue Afrdsiyib to, iv, parley of, with Kharrad and 231 Ashtcid, ix, 12 seq. niarches to, iv, 247 GENERAL ISJ)l-X 250

Gangdizh, Kai Khusrau, forbids Garshasp, frAnian noble, temp- his troops to injure, iv, 247 Nushi'rwan, viii, i.S enters, iv, 248 Garsiwaz, brother of Afrasiyab, remains a year at, iv, 249 145. 150. 153. i, 92, 342. advised by his paladins 349; ii, 3, 188, 189, 193, to leave, iv, 249 195, 228, 231 seq., 249, appoints a governor for, 253, 264, 268, 269, 286, iv, 249 289 se?., 313 seq. ; iii, 197,

distributes treasure at, iv, 208, 306, 310, 350, 352 ; 250 iv, 10, 135 seq., 209 seq.,

268 ; Gang-i-Dizhukht (Baitu'l Muk- 252, ; vi, 325 ix, addas q.v.), i, 161, 226 103 Gang-i-Siyawush. See Gang- defeated by Siyawush, ii, dizh. 229 seq. Ganges, Indian river, vi, G4 sues for peace to Siyawush, Garamik-kart. See Giranii. ii, 237 seq. Garcha, Turanian hero, iii, 152 fails to string the bow of comes to aid Piran, iii, 152 Siyawush, ii, 266 Garden of the Hesperides, vi, 74 visits Siyawush, ii, 289 seq. Indians, viii, 196 envies SiyiwTish, ii, 292 seq. Gardener, a, vi, 341 challenges Siyawush, ii, 294 entertains Shapur son of slanders Siyawush, ii, 296 Urmuzd, vi, 341 seq. seq. sent by Shapur to the high betrays Siyawush, ii, 301 priest, vi, 344 seq. describes Shapur, vi, 344 compasses the death of rewarded by Shapur, vi, 357 Siyawush, ii, 315 seq. Gargwi, Iranian hero, v, log charged with the execution commands the left, v, 109 of Farangis, ii, 322 Garib, surface-measure, vii, 215 goes to Manizha's palace, and note iii, 301 Garshasp. See Keresaspa. finds Bizhan, iii, 302 Garshcisp, son of Zav, Shah, 142, takes Bizhan before Afra-

i, 90, 91, 174 ; ii, 336 siyab, iii, 303 Reign of, i, 373 seq. ordered to execute Bizhan, Note on, i, 373 iii, 304 relation of, to Keresisp, i, imprison Bizhan, iii, 309 174 disgrace Manizha, iii, 309 of the ele- accession of, i, 374 put in charge death of, i, 375 phants, iv, 156 iSi Garshasp, Iranian hero, i, 42, reinforces Afrasiyab, iv, 144, 207, 212, 214, 239, Jahn and, compel Afra-

; to the 345 ; ii, 4 ; iii, 260, 273 siyab quit field, iv, V, 202 182

relation of, to Keresispa, i, commands the rear, iv, 191 174 taken prisoner by Rustam ^ Garshasp, Iranian chief, tevip. at the storming of Gang- Shapur son of Ardshir, vi, bihisht, iv, 210 297 referred to, iv, 211 single combat of, with Baz- sent to Kai Kaiis, iv, 233 ^nijsh, vi, 297 imprisoned, iv, 23.5 26o GENERAL INDEX

Garsi'waz, sent for by Kai Kaiis Gav, mother of, chess invented and Kai Khusrau, and put to appease, vii, 421 to the torture, iv, 265 death of, vii, 423 voice of, attracts Afra- birth of, vii, 395 siy4b from lake, iv, 265 tutor of, vii, 397, 398, 401, holds converse with Afra- 402, 407, 408, 410, 413, siyab, iv, 266 417. 421 slain by Kai Khusrau, iv, rivalry between Talhand 269 and, vii, 397 seq. Garsiyiin, Iranian chief, ix, 115 war between Talhand and, Gashan, as rhyme-word, viii, vii, 404 seq. 397 note attempts of, at accommoda- Gashasp, Iranian chief, vi, 394 tion with Talhand, vii, addresses the nobles on the 405, 408, 413 succession to the throne, defeats Talhand, vii, 412 vi, 394 proposes a decisive battle to Gashasp, Iranian general, temp. Talhand, vii, 414 Niishirwan, vii, 251 victory of, vii, 416 put in charge of baggage- invents chess to console his train, vii, 251 mother for the death of Gashasp, Iranian noble, viii, 17, Talhand, vii, 421 18 Gaza, city in south-western Gashasp, father in ShahnAma of Palestine, vi, 30 Bahram Chiibina, viii, 76, siege of, by Alexander the 99, 162, 169, 304 Great, vi, 30 Gashasp, father of Ashtad q.v., Gazhdaham, Iranian hero and ix, II castellan of White Castle,

Gathas, ii, 8; v, 11, 12, 17 144. i. 369 ; ii. 131. 13^.

Gaugamela, village near Nineveh, 134. 138, 139, 145. i4(> ; note vi, 31, 32 iii, 15, 25, 33, 40, 45, 294 ; battle of, vi, 31 iv, 13, 24, 149 Gaumata (the false Smerdis), besieged by Barman, i, 354 Magus, vi, 207 relieved by Karan, i, 354 usurpation, and death of, i, Suhrab described by, ii, 136 58 evacuates White Castle, ii, overthrow of, celebrated at 137 the Magophonia, i, 59 Gedrosia (Makran, Baluchistan), Gav, king of Hind, i6(j, vii, 395 vi, 69 seq. Gelani. See Gilan.

mother of, vii, 395 seq. Gemini, constellation, vi, 155 ; two marriages of, vii, 395, viii, 86, 203 ; ix, 73 396 Genealogical tables two sons of, vii, 395, Pishdadian dynasty, i, 90, 396 91 becomes queen, vii, 397 Kaianian dynasty, ii, 3 tries to keep peace be- Sdsanian dynasty, vi, 3 tween her sons, vii, 397 Kings and heroes of TurAn,

seq. i, 92

hears of the death of Tal- Iranian heroes, ii, 4 hand, vii, 419 Genealogies, fictitious, v, 282, reproaches Gav, vii, 420 290, 293; vi, 199, 2x1 GENERAL INDEX 261

Genealogies, of Papak in Tabari, Gil, Afrdsiyab's camp in, iv, 155 vi, 200 Ni'ishirwan's dealings with, Mas'udi, vi, 200 vii, 216, 242 seq. settled at Geography, Firdausi's, ii, 28 captives from, Darmestctcr on, ii, 79, 80 Sursin, vii, 328 Geometrician, vi, 377 Gimirri. See Kimmerians. iii, 9 Geopothros (Gotarzes q.v.), Gipsies, the, 165, vii, 6 Armenian George, general, viii, Noldekc on, vii, 6 195 language of, vii, 6 218 Germanus, \ii, brought into frdn by Bah- Germany, vi, 73 ram Gur, vii, 149 be- Gharcha (Georgia), country Girami son of tween the Caucasus and (Garamik-kart), Jamasp, 155. v, 24 seq., 58 • the Aras, iv, 14, 65 death of, foretold by Jam- king of, iv, 149 asp, V, 50 Gharchis vii, 94 (Georgians), worsts Namkhast, v, 59 Ghatkar, ruler of the Haitalians, rescues Kawa's flag, v, 59 168 ; vii, 334, 33.5 q.v., slain, V, 59 hears and the of, destroys, Turanian Khan's embassy to Niish- Giravgard, stronghold on the Oxus, iii, 73, 80 irvvan, vii, 330 occupied by the Iranians, prepares to oppose the Khan iii, 78 vii, 330 Sirdarra, in the defeated, vii, 332 Girduni, pass Alburz ii, 28 ; vi, Ghaznin, city in Afghanistan, range, the capital of Sultan 32 Sawachi, in the Alburz Mahmiid, i, 20, 257 ; iv, pass range, ii, 28 14 ; v, 173 ; vii, 173 Ghee, clarified butter, vi, 105 Girdkuh, fortress, v, 30 south of Ghiil, a sorceress, i, 42 ; v, 117, Girih (Jirrah), place 128 Shiraz, vi, 199 referred to, v, 121 Giv, Iranian hero, son of Gudarz, described, v, 130 and father of Bizhan, 146- slain by Asfandiyar, v, 131 I5I' 154. ii. 4. 25, 33. 35. Ghundi, a div, ii, 44, 54, 55, 38, 62, 70, 73, 85, 91, 127.

93 ; iii, 256 ; iv, 296 ; 138 seq., 148, 151, 158, V, 204 160, 188, 193, 197. 271, Ghiir, district in Afghanistan 318, 319, 338, 340. 349, between Harat and Ghaz- 351. 362, 388 seq. : iii, 11,

nin, ii, loi 13, 18, 19, 27, 33, 45. 48, Ghuz, a Turkish tribe and desert seq. 57. 67. 75. 7^, 81, 85, loi east of Gurgan, iv, 60 86, 89 seq., 96, seq., 121 Gil, Gilan, district on the south- 108, III, 114 seq., seq., west coast of the Caspian, 127, 129, 130, 133. 139

167. i, 230, 231 ; ii, 226, seq., 143, 154. 155. 157. 182, 293 ; iv, 148, 265 ; V, 13 ; 159, 161, 169, 170, 211. vi, 227 ; vii, 224, 340, 183, 187, 206, 227, 362, ix, 93 231, 238, 244, 245, 247, river of = KiziI Uzun, also 248, 253, 255, 259, 264, called Safid Rud, iv, 154 268, 273, 289, 291, 292,

waters of =Caspian, i, 230 294, 296 seq., 302, 305, 262 GENERAL INDEX

Gi'v—cont. Giv, tells how he captured 307 seq., 311 scq., ^o seq., Piran's wife and sister, ii, 337 seq., 350, 353 seq. ; 383 iv, 7, 8, II, 13, 15, 16, 19 overthrows Piran and his seq., 26 seq., 39 se^., 52, hobt, ii, 385 54. 56, 59, 69, 82 5^^., 90, releases Piran, ii, 387 99, 102, 136, 147, 157, 223, at the Jihun, ii, 391 seq.

2 26, 2-27, 233 5^(7., 292, announces Kai Khusrau 's 296, 306 seq. : V, 207, arrival in Iran, ii, 304 208 168 Kai ; vi, 194 ; viii, accompanies Khusrau meaning of, ii, 335 to Ispahan, ii, 396 historical character, iii, 9 rewarded by Kai Kaus, ii, relationship of, to Rustam, 399 ii ii. 155, 365. 384 ; iii. 323 goes on an embassy to Tus, son of Gudarz, ii, 158 400 wife Ivai 's letter of, ii, 365, 384 ; iii, 323 bears Khusrau sister of, ii, 384 ; iii, 323 to the castle of Bahnian, father of Bizhan, ii, 366 ii, 408 and note undertakes to slay Tazhav, solicitude of, for Bizhan, iii, 28 iii, 15 burn the barricade at the harries Mazandaran, ii, 39 Kasa riid, iii, 29 taken prisoner in Mazan- horse of, wounded by Farud,

daran, ii, iii, 40 58^ released by Rustam, ii, 58 lends Bizhan the mail of taken prisoner in Hama- Siyawush, iii, 60, 69 varan, ii, 90 sees Palashan approaching, released by Rustam, ii, 97 iii, 69 goes in search of Kai Kaiis, burns the barricade at the

ii, 104 Kasa rud, iii, 73 takes part in the Fight of parleys with Tazhav, iii, 75

the Seven Warriors, ii, rouses the Iranians, iii, 81 107 seq. rallies the host, iii, 91 bears letter from Kaiis to many kindred of, slain, iii, 94 Rustam, ii, 139 urges Bahram not to return encampment of, described, to the battlefield, iii, 96 ii, 155 goes in quest of Bahram, iii, helps to saddle Rakhsh for 102 the fight with Suhrab, ii, takes Tazhav captive, iii, 160 102

Suhrab described by, ii, 166 buries Bahram, iii, 104 quarrels with Tiis over the made adviser to Tus, iii, 116 future mother of Siya- interrupts Tus' parley with wush, iii, 194 Ilunian, iii, 122 sent by Ot'idarz to seek Kai raids Ivhutan, iii, 247 Khusrau, ii, 364 seq. steed of, iii, 257 finds Kai Khusrau, ii, 370 worsted by Pulddwand, iii, receives the mail of Siy4- 258 wush, ii, 377 interferes in the fight exploits of, in defence of between Rustam and Kai Khusrau, ii, 378 seq. Puladwand, iii, 263 GENERAL INDEX 263 i\\v, opposes Bfzhan's expedi- Giv, takes Gurwi prisoner, iv, 100 tion to Irnian, iii, 291 opposes Bfzhan's going to qiR'stions tiurgin about Bi- help Gustahani, iv, iig zlian, iii, 31 1 consents to Bfzhan's going

wrotli with t'lurf^iii, iii, 314 to help Ciustaham, iv, 120 before appeals to Kai Khiisrau, iii, brings Gurwf Kai 315 Khusrau, iv, 127 comforted by Kai Khusrau, given a command, iv, 149 iii, 315, 318 commands the real, iv, 191 sent to summon Riistam, takes part in the siege of iii, 319 Gang-bihisht, iv, 199 to met by Zal, iii, 321 goes with the captives tells liizhan's case to Rus- Kai Kaus, iv, 233 of tam, iii, 322 gives Kai Kaiis tidings announces Rustam's ap- Kai Khusrau, iv, 234 proach to Kai Khusrau, rewarded by Ivai Kaus, iv, iii, 326 236 goes to welcome Rustam, returns to Gang-bihisht iii. 353 with letter for K.ai Khus- holds parley with Piran, rau, iv, 238 iv, 20 made governor of the coun- overtures of, rejected and try between the sea and returns to Gudarz, iv, 21 Gang-dizh, iv, 246 commands the rear, iv, 24 welcomes Kai Khusrau on referred to, iv, 39 his return from Gang- tries to stop Bi'zhan from dizh, iv, 250 fighting Human, iv, 40, 43 rewarded by Kai Khusrau, over-ruled by Gudarz, iv, iv, 252 43 Gudarz and, meet Hum, iv, refuses to lend Bizhan 263 the mail of Siyawush, iv, hear of Hum's adventure 43 with Afrasiyab, iv, 263 repents of his refusal, iv, Kai Khusrau remonstrated 44 with by, and other nobles son of = Bizhan, iv, 76 for refusing audience, iv, ordered to dispatch troops 275 to oppose Lahhak and sent by Gudarz to summon Farshidward, iv, 82 Zal and Rustam, iv, 278 sends Zanga and Gurgin, iv, bidden with other chiefs by 83 Kai Ivhusrau to make an leaves Farhad in command assembly on the plain, iv, and attacks with Bizhan 291 seq. Piran 's centre, iv, 83 Kai Khusrau 's gift to, iv, defeats Ruin, iv, 84 295 fights with Piran, iv, 84 receives grant of Kum and attacked by Lahhak and Ispahan, iv, 298 Farshidward, iv, 85 sets out with Kai Khusrau superseded pro tern, by on his pilgrimage, iv, 306 Shidush, iv, 92 refuses to turn back when chosen to fight with Gurwf, bidden by Kai Khusrau, iv, 97 iv, 307 264 GENERAL INDEX

Giv, Kai Khusrau farewells Gotarzes, war of, with Vardanes, and warns, and his com- iii, 10, II 10 rades, iv, 308 Meherdates, iii, seq. disappears and is sought character of, in history, in vain by, and his iii, 10 comrades, iv, 308 Grace or Glory, the divine, i, end of, iv, 309 113, 114, 116, 123, 130 grief of Gudarz for, iv, 310, seq., and passim account of, i, 82

visible i, 82, Givgan, Iranian hero, ii, 109, appearances of,

; vi, 221 155 ; iii. 34 ; Jv, 24 130, 374. 385 Gloom, the (Land of Darkness), seq. river in Asia Minor 160, V, 30 ; vi, 79 Granicus, the conception of, vi, 73 flowing into Propon- visited by Asfandiyar, v, 76 tis (Sea of Marmara), vi, Sikandar's expedition to, 30 vi, 74 seq. battle of the, vi, 30, 31 account of, in the Pseudo- Grapes, bunch of, Kubad and note Callisthenes, vi, 74 seq. the, vii, 183 Sikandar hears of, vi, 158 Greece, vi, 30 enters, vi, 159 seq. Greed and Need, personification

emerges from, vi, 162 of, vi, 146 ; vii, 71, 205, jewels of, vi, 162 '206, 368, 369

10 282 ; Glory, the divine. See Grace. Greek, Greeks, i, ; v, Glove, The, Browning's poem vi, 82 the Iran- of, referred to, vi, 384 relations of, with note ians, i, 14 in rela- Go-between, old woman as, i, history and legend to Persian ii, 280 seq. tion dto, 9 of India, 68 Gog and Magog (Yajiij and conception vi, mutilation Majuj, q.v.), the barbarous captives, of, by nomads of northern Asia, the Persians, vi, 373 16 entertained i, ; vi, 78 philosophers by 280 Golden, Age, i, 129, 134 Nushirwan, vii, See Al boot, iv, 34, 180, 243, 282, Green, Prophet, the. 300. 359 Khidr. viii, Fleece, land of the, i, 57 sea, the, vi, 174 note, Gomer. See Kimmerians. 46 and note Good Thoughts, Words, and Gretna Green, vi, 323 note Deeds, Zoroastrian for- Griffon, fabulous bird, i, 23=5 and mula, i6(), vii, 317, 318 Hole Iranian symbolised in the game of Gudarz, son of Kishwad, of a nard, vii, 381 hero, and father Giv, Par- Gordyene, kingdom, south of reminiscence of the Armenia, vi, 198 thian king Gotarzes, q.v., Gotarzes, Parthian king and 146. 148, 151-153. i. 4^ ; Iranian hero (Gudarz, ii, 4. 33. 35. 3«. 62, 70. q.v.), iii 109 73, 83, 91, 1^7. 138, 142. memorial tablet of, iii, 9 157. 177. 178. 193. 250, Geopothros, iii, 9 286, 290, 316, 318, 335, coin of, iii, 9 338, 340. 349, 371 i'^?-. 384, GENERAL INDEX 265

Gudarz—cont. Gudarz, sends Gi'v to seek for

Kai ii, 388, 394, 406 ; iii, 8, II, Khusrau, 364 15, 18, 19. 24, 28, 33, 38, hears of Kai Khusrau's arrival in 40, 43 seq., 50, 51, 67, 81 fran, ii, 3<)3 Kai and seq., 85, 88 seq., 100, iii, welcomes Khusrau 112, 115, 117, 118, 120, Giv, ii, 396 to Is- 123, 126, 127, 129 seq., accompanies them 134. 136, 137. 139. 143. taklir, ii, 31)1) witli 145, 149 seq., 154 seq., dispute of, Ti'is, ii, 400 164, 169, 172, 177, 1S7. seq. Kai Kliusrau to 205, 206, 211 seq., 220, goes with of 225, 232, 236, 246, 253, the castle Bahman, ii, 254. 255, 258, 264, 268, 407 273. 277, 289, 298, 302, advises Tus to avoid 305, 308, 322, 327, 329 Kalat, iii, 41 seq-, 337 seq., 354, 337 supersedes Tus, iii, 83 Kai Khusrau about iv. 7. 13. 79, 80, 85, 88 informs the defeat of seq., 102, 103, 106 seq., Farud and 113 seq., 136, 145 seq., the Iranians, iii, 83 149, 157, 162, 171, 180, sends Bizhan for Kawa's igi, 206, 226, 227, 292, standard, iii, 92 208 Iranian watchman iii, 299 ; V, 207, ; vi, and, 168 194 ; viii, 104, ; ix, 136 seq. 23 meets Fariburz, iii, 163 taken prisoner in Mazan- Rustam, iii, 171 to trust daran, ii, 40 warns Rustam not 212 released by Kustam, ii, 58 Firan, iii, leceives Ispahan from Kai sends Ruhham to help Rus- Kaiis, ii, 78 tam, iii, 227 taken prisoner in Hama- praises Rustam, iii, 248 varan, ii, 90 steed of, iii, 313 to released by Rustam, ii, 97 goes welcome Rustam, censures Kai Kids, ii, 105 iii, 353 takes part in the Fight of sent to invade Tiiran by Kai the Seven Warriors, ii, 107 Khusrau, iv, 13 mediates between Kai Kaiis ordered to negotiate with

and Rustam, ii, 144 seq. Piran, iv, 13 encampment of, described, negotiations failing, marches to meet ii, 153 from Raibad sons and grandsons of, ii, Piran, iv, 22 his host, iv, 158 ; iii, 33 ; ix, 25 arrays 24 to loss of, iii, 83 note, 94, gives the right wing

131 ; iv, 310, 312 Faribur;:, iv, 24 survivors of, iv, 298 baggage to Hajir, iv, 24 consoles Siyawush for his left wing to Ruhham, iv, mother's death, ii, 199 24 appointed ruler of Su^hd rear to Giv, iv, 24 on the and Sipanjab, ii, 3.58 posts a watchman returns to fran, ii, 3O2 mountain-top, iv, 23 sees Suriish in a dream, ii, takes his station at the cen- 363 tre, iv, 24 2G6 GENERAL INDEX

Gudarz, counsels Bizhan as to Gudarz, slays Piran, iv, 109 his fight with Human, drinks Piran's blood, iv, 109 iv, 41 sends Ruiiham to fetch over-rules Giv's objections, Piran's corpse, iv, no iv, ^^ harangues the host, iv, no rewards Bizhan, iv, 52 resumes his command, iv, prepares to resist a night- III attack, iv, 53 calls for volunteers to pursue gives a force to Bizhan, iv, Lahhak and Farsh'dward 54 iv, 116 joins battle with Piran, sends Gustaham, iv, 117 iv, 55 Bizhan to help Gustaham, writes to Kai Khusrau, iv, iv, 119 56 comes before Kai Khusrau sends Hajir with the letter, with the other champions, iv, 57 iv, 126 receives Kai Khusrau 's receives Ispahan, iv, 129 reply, iv, 62 commands the left wing, iv, prepares to renew the fight, 147 iv, 63 takes part in the assault on receives Ruin with a letter Gang-bihisht, iv, 208 from Piran, iv, 67 left in command at Gang- entertains Ruin, iv, 68 bihisht, iv, 219 dismisses Riiin with pre- Giv and, meet Hum, iv, 263 sents and the reply to hear of Hum's adventure Piran 's letter, iv, 74 with Afrasiyab, iv, 263 prepares for the flank-attack gives Kai Khusrau and Kai of Lahhak and Farshid- Kaus tidings of Afrasiyab, ward, iv, 82 iv, 264 sends Hajir with orders to Kai Khusrau remonstrated Gfv, iv, 82 with by, and other nobles harangues the host, iv, 89 for refusing audience, iv, resolves to fight in person, 275 iv, 90, 92, 96 takes counsel with other gives the left wing to Far- nobles, iv, 277 had, iv, 92 sends Giv to summon Zal right wing to Katmara, iv, and Rustam, iv, 278 goes with other chiefs to rear to Shidush, iv, 92 meet Zal and Rustam, iv, chief command to Gusta- 282 ham, iv, 92 audience of, with Kai Khus- instructs Gustaham, iv, 92 rau, iv, 283 seq. holds a parley with Piran holds, witli other chiefs, at and arranges with him the the bidding of Kai Khus- Battle of the Eleven rau, an assembly on the Rukhs, iv, 95 seq. ])lain, iv, 291 seq. slays Piran's steed, iv, 107 Kai Khusrau 's charge to, iv, pursues Piran, iv, 108 294 calls on Piran to surrender, gift to, iv, 295 iv, 108 asks Kai Kiiusrau for a Piran wounds, iv, 108 patent for Ciiv, iv, 298 GENERAL INDEX 267

Giklarz, goes with Kai Khiisrau Gund-i-ShApur (Shdpur Gird, Rds on his jiilgriinago, iv, 30O Shai)i'ir, Kand-i-Slu'ipiir, turns liatk at the bidding Jund-i-Shapi'ir), city in t)[ Kai Khusrau, iv, 307 Khuzistan, north-west of laments tiie loss of the pala- Shuslitar and now rrpre- dins, iv, 310, 312 sentcd by the ruins of returns to frin, iv, 310 Shahdbad, vi, 295 ; vii, promises fealty to Luhrdsp, 219, 276 iv, 312 built for Roman captives, grantlsons of, go with Zarir vi, 295 to l^um, iv, 360 Mani-gate of, vi, 327 hail Gushtasp as Shdh, iv, Niishzad imprisoned at, 362 vii, 264 and note Gudarz, Ashkdnian king, vi, 197, Gur (Jur, Zur, Firiizabad), city 210 in Pars, south of Shiraz, Gudarzians, descendants of vi, 199, 205, 229 note, 230, CU'idarz son of Kishwad, 245 iii, 108, 115, 200, 214 Giir, nickname of Bahram son of Gular, place, vi, 206 Yazdagird, vii, 6 Gulgiin (bright-bay), steed of Noldeke on, vii, 6 Gudarz, iii, 366 Giiran, king of Kirman, iv, steed of Luhrasp, v, 64 146 steed of Bahram Giir, vii, 57 Guraz (Shahrbaraz, Farayin Gulshahr, wife of Piran, ii, 269, q.v.), general of Khusrau 276. 2S8, 387, 390 Parwiz and Shah, 1^4, prepares Jarira's wedding I'PS, viii, 194, 408, 409 outfit, ii, 270 seq. ; ix, 44 presents gifts to Farangis, conspires with Farrukhzad, ii. 275 viii 408 announces the birth of Kai invites Caesar to take fran, Khusrau to Piran, ii, 326 viii, 408 referred to, ii, 3S3 rebels, viii, 411 ; ix, 45 Gulzaryiin, river in Turkistan letters of, ix, 45, 46 letter of (Jaxartes), ii, 358, 381 ; Piruz to, ix, 47 iv, 187, i8g, 190, 218, 219; account of, ix, 50 vii, 329, 340, 360 meaning of, ix, 50 Gulndr, slave-girl of Ardawan, dual personality of, ix, vi, 217 50 meaning of, vi, 217 note marches on Taisafun, ix, intrigue of, with Ardshir 51 PapakAn, vi, 217 seq. confers with Iranian mag- reports the presage of the nates, ix, 51 astrologers to Ardshir misrule of, ix, 53 Papakan, vi, 219 conspiracy against, ix, 54 fiees with Ardshir Papakan goes hunting, ix, 55 to Pars, vi, 220 end of, ix, 55 Gumbadan, mount and strong- Guriz, son of Mahwi, hold, V, 29, 86, 152, 171, referred to, ix, 107, 115 206 177, ; ix, 93 governor of Marv, ix, 120 situation of, v, 30 put to death with his sons, Asfaiuliyar warded at, v, 84 ix, 120 268 GENERAL INDEX

Gurdza, Iranian hero, i^i, ii, Gurdwi, fights with Bahram Chu-

73, 340 ; iii, 20, 25, 34, 45, bina, viii, 294 receives 48, 92, 129, 141. -253 ; iv, province, viii, 313 15. 24, 34 informs Khusrau Parwiz of takes king of Barbar prison- Gurdya's doings, viii, 356 writes sends Khus- er, ii, 97 to, and takes part in the Fight of the rau Parwiz' letter to, Seven Warriors, ii, 107 Gurdya, viii, 360 letters to seq. wife of, goes with encampment of, described, Clurdya, viii, 360 of Kai ii. 155 hears of the plight goes witli Rustam to rescue and informs Gurdya, viii, Bizhan, iii, 334 367 fights with Farshidward, iv, Gurdya, sister of Bahram Chu- 87 bina, 171, 173, 174, ii, chosen to fight with Siya- 119; viii, 74, 104 note, mak, iv, 97 187, 191, 347, seq., 358 6 slays Siyamak, iv, 100 365 ; ix, Gurazm (Kavarazem), a relative a legitimist, viii, 74 of Gushtasp, 155, V, 12, present at council, viii, 164 22, 53, 99, loi, 102, 104 speech of, viii, 165, 167, seq., 171, 205, 261 171 envies Asfandiyar, v, 78 referred to, viii, 221 death of, referred to, v, 97 counsels Bahram Chiil)ina, Asfandiyar addresses the viii, 221 corpse of, v, 105 laments Bahram Chubina, Gurdafrid, daughter of Gazhda- viii, 340 ham, 14-f, ii, 119, 138 resident at Marv, viii, 346

referred to, ii, 131 seq. encounter of, with Suhrab, informs her followers of the offer of ii, 132 seq. Khan's marriage, beguiles Suhrab, ii, 133 seq. viii, 349 Gurdgir, son of Afrasiyab, ii, starts for fran, viii, 351 92 parleys with Tuwurg, viii, commands the troops from 352 , ... Tartary, Khallukh, and arrives at Amwi, viu, 354 Balkh, iv, 156 doings of reported to 1-Chus- Gurdwi, brother of Bahram rau Parwiz, viii, 356, 358 Chubina, lys, 174, viii, met by Gustaham, viii, 356 74, 202, 205, 206, 231, asked in marriage by Gusta- 293. 295, 296, 298, 342, ham, vhi, 357 6 receives letters from Khus- 349. 354. 358 ; ix, a legitimist, viii, 74 rau Parwiz and Gurdwi, Gustaham and, persuade viii, 360 Khusrau Parwiz not to plots murder of Gustaham, make a night-attack, viii, viii, 360 224 justifies murder of Gusta- takes charge of baggage, ham, viii, 361 viii, 228 reports death of Gustaham Bahram Chubina writes to, to Khusrau Parwiz, viii, viii, 285 361 GENERAL IXDICX 2

Gurdya, dresses up as a warrior Gurgin, goes with Bizhan in to please Khusrau Parvviz, quest of Manizha, iii, 296 viii, 363 searches for Bizhan, iii, 310 prowess of, in drinking, finds Bizhan's steed, iii, 311 viii, 364 questioned by Giv about appointed overseer of royal Bizhan, iii, 312 bower, viii, 364 false account of, about Biz- diverts Khusrau Parwiz and han's disappearance, iii, saves Rai, viii, 368 313 Gurgdn (Hyrcania), province Giv's wrath with, iii, 314 watered by the Atrak and appears before Kai Khusrau, Gurgan rivers on the iii, 316 south-eastern shores of imprisoned, iii, 317 61 to the Caspian, 168, iv, ; appeals Rustam, iii, 331

vi, 373 ; vii, 89, 237, 337, released, iii, 333 with Rustam to rescue 338, 357. 358, 361 ; viii, goes

15. 3.55 ; ix, 8y Bizhan, iii, 334 Abu'l Kisim of. See Abii'l pardoned by Bizhan, iii, 346 Kasim. opposes Lahhak, iv, 83 Gurganj, one of the two capitals chosen to fight Andariman, of Kharazm (Kat (Kath) iv, 97 being the other), situated slays Andariman, iv, 104 on the Persian side of the Kai Khusrau remonstrated Oxus, iv, 60 with by, and other nobles Gurgin, son of Milad, Iranian for refusing audience, iv, hero, 150. 151, ii, 33, 35, 283 seq. 62, 70, 73, 85, 90, 127, audience of, with Kai Khus- 138, 144,316, 340. 394; iii. rau, iv, 283 seq. II, 12, 19, 20, 25, 48, 108, Gurgsar, tribe, v, 43 and note 115, 126, 145, 182, 211, Gurgsar, Turanian hero, Jj6, v, 253, 264, 268. 273, 285, 117, 131 seq., 146, 233 289, 292, 294 seq., 300, note 305, 310 seq., 322, 323, made captain of the host by

331 seq., 345, 346, 352 ; Arjasp, V, 46 iv, 13, 15, 21, 24, 147, given command of one wing,

191, 292 ; viii, 72, 211, 216 V, 56 takes part in the Fight of persuades Arjasp to remain the Seven Warriors, ii, and fight Asfandiyar, v, 107 seq. 108, 109 undertakes embassage to made leader of the host, v, Afrasiyab, iii, 29 109 goes with letter from Kai taken prisoner by Asfandi- Khusrau to Rustam, iii, yar, V, I I I ^74 offers to guide Asfandiyar to accompanies Bizhan to Ir- the Brazen Hold, v, 113 m4n, iii, 292 goes as guide with Asfandi- refuses to help Bizhan yar to Ti'iran, v, 120 against the wild boars, offered the kingdom of the iii, 293 Turkmans by Asfandiyar envies and beguiles Bizhan, in return for faithful ser- 120 iii, 294 vice, V, 270 GENERAL INDEX

Gurgsar, describes the route to Gushasp, noncc-namc assume I the Brazen Hold, and the by Bahram Giir, \ii, 59 Seven Stages, v, 120 seq., seq. 124 seq., 128, 132, 134 Gushasp, nonce-name assumed chagrin of, at Asfandiyar's by Bahram (jiir, vii, 59 successes, v, 124, 128, seq. 131. 133 Gush-bistar, a savage, vi, 80, 177 reproached by Asfandiyar meaning of, vi, 177 note for giving false informa- interview of, with Sikandar, tion, V, 139, 140 vi, 177 offered the captainship of Gushtasp (Vistaspa, Vishtasp, the Brazen Hold by Hystaspe?'), son of Luh- Asfandiyar in return for rasp, father of Asfandi- trusty guidance, v, 140 yar, and Sh^h, 154-1^7, 61 shows the Iranians a ford, i, 42, ; ii, 3, 9 ; iii, v, 140 109; iv, 314 seq, 334 questioned by Asfandiyar seq., V, 24 seq., 61, 68, go, for the last time, v, 141 92 seq., 103 seq., 119, 130, curses Asfandiyar, v, 141 148, 154. 155, 159, 166 slain by Asfandiyar, v, 141 seq., 180, 181, 183, 205, Giirkan (Juzjan), city and dis- 206, 208 seq., 213, 216, trict between Marvrud 220, 221, 233 note, 243,

and Balkh, iv, 65 248 seq., 281, 289, 293 ; Gurkils, tribe (?), viii, 15 vi, 20, 49, 55, 200, 213,

Gurukhan, Iranian hero, iv, 149 251, 252, 258 ; vii, 359 ; Gurwi, Turanian hero, 145, 151, viii, 41, 68, 95, 148, 213,

152, ii, 296, 314, 319, 338, 270, 392, 393 ; ix, 25 son of 340 ; iii, 197, 199, 237 ; Luhrasp, iv, 318 the iv, 7, 99, III, 252 ; v, jealousy of, respecting 272 grandsons of Kai Kaiis, challenees and is overthrown iv. 318 him by Siyawush, ii, 295 asks Luhrasp to appoint advocates the execution of heir to the crown, iv, 318 for Siyawush, ii, 317 departs in wrath Hind, carries out the execution of iv, 319 Siyawush, ii, 320 arrives at Kabul, iv, 320 chosen to fight with Giv, iv, overtaken by Zarir, iv, 320 97 takes counsel with the taken prisoner by Giv, iv, chiefs, iv, 321 100 returns to Luhrasp, iv, 322 brought by Giv before Kai pardoned by Luhrasp, iv,32 2 Khusrau, iv, 127 determines to quit Iran, iv, executed, iv, 129 3-^3 Gurzban, vi, 394. See Gurkan. takes a steed of Luhrasp's, Gushasp, sacred Fire, vi, 201 iv, 323 10 Gushasp, chief scribe, temp. story of, in Rum, ii, ; 11 Bahram Gi'ir, vii, iii, 285 ; iv, 324 seq. bidden to remit the arrears interview of with Hishwi, of taxes, vii, 1 1 iv, 324

'The Hystaspes of legend not necessarily the father of Darius I. Sic Vol. iv, P 314 seq- CliSERAL l.MJliX 2 71

GushtAsp, vainly seeks work in Gushtasp, welcomed by Hishwi Rum as a scribe, iv, 325 and Ahran on his return, herdsman, iv, 326 iv, 347 camel-driver, iv, 326 accepts gifts from Ahran blacksmith, iv, 327 and bestows part upon dreamed of by Katayiin, iv, Hishwi, iv, 347 returns to Katayun, iv, 348 goes to Caesar's palace, iv, goes to the sports on 330 Csesar's riding-ground, iv, chosen for her husband by 349 Katayun, iv, 330 prowess of, at polo and marries Katayun, iv, 331 archery, iv, 350 spends his time in the chase, questioned by Ca;sar, iv, 350 iv, 33^ reproaches Caesar for his makes friends with Hi'shwi, treatment of Katayun, iv, iv, 332 and note 350 asked by Hishwi to under- claim of, to have slain the take the adventure of the wolf and the dragon, iv, wolf of Faskun, iv, 335 351 undertakes to slay the wolf confirmed by Hishwi, iv, of Faskun, iv, 336 351 provided with steed and reconciled to Caesar, iv, 351 arms by Mirin, iv, 336 goes to court and is received goes with Mirin and Hishwi witli honour by Ctcsar, to the forest of Faskun, iv, 351 iv, 337 consulted about Ilyas by prays for help, iv, 337 Ca;sar, iv, 353 gives thanks for his victory, leads forth the host, iv, 354 iv, 338 refuses the overtures of

• takes the wolf's tusks, iv, Ilyas, iv, 354 338 brings the body of Ilyas to •welcomed by Hishwi and Caesar, iv, 356 Mirin on his return, iv, routs the host of Ilyas, iv, 339 356 discovers to Katayun his returns in triumph to Caesar, royal race, iv, 340 iv, 356 referred to, iv, 343 seq. recognised by Zarir, iv, 360 asked by Hishwi to under- goes to Zarir's camp, iv, 361 take the adventure of the hears of Luhrasp's abdi- dragon of Mount Sakila, cation in his favour, iv, iv, 31.5 362 bids A bran provide a steed, saluted as Shah by the sword, and other arms, chiefs, iv, 362 iv, 345 invites Caesar to a feast, iv, goes with Ahran and Hish- 362 wi to Mount Sakila, iv, sets out for Tran with Kata- 346 yun, iv, 364 takes two of the dragon's parts in good will from teeth, iv, 346 Caesar, iv, 364 gives thanks for his victory, welcomed and crowned by iv. 347 Luhrisp, iv, 36^ 272 GENERAL INDEX

Gushtasp, Reiga of, 154, v, 9 seq. Gusht'jsp, takes up his position Notes on, v, g seq., 116 seq., on a height, v, 55, 56, 63 166 seq., 260 seq. referred to, v, 60, 64 seq., division of, v, 9 89 points of interest in, v, 9 hears of the death of Zari'r, compared with that of V, 64 Darius Hystaspis, v, 10 wishes to avenge Zan'r, v, diagram to illustrate, v.ay 64, 68 legend of Zarduhsht and, v, dissuaded by Jamasp, v, 64, 18 69 black horse of, v, 18, 28 offers his daughter Humai sees his place in Paradise, v, to the avenger of Zarir, 19 V, 64 Ridge of, V, 29 crown and throne to the succeeds Luhrasp as Shah, avenger of Zarir, v, 66 gives his steed and arms to sons of, V, 32 Nastur, v, 69 pays yearly tribute to Ar- sees and laments over Zarir's jasp, V, 32 corpse, V, 73 converted by Zarduhsht, v, bids Nastur lead the host 33 home, V, 74 helps to spread the Faith, marries J-Iumai to Asfandi- V. 34 yar, v, 74 establishes Mihr Barzin and gives Nastur a command other Fire-fanes, v, 34 and bids him invade conversion of, recorded on Turan, v, 74 Cypress of Kishmar, v, 34 rewards the host, v, 75 advised by Zarduhsht not builds a Fire-fane and makes to pay tribute to Arjasp, Jamasp its arch mage, v, V, 35 75 receives embassage from Mansion of, v, 75 Arj4sp and takes counsel writes to his governors to with his chiefs, v, 41 announce the defeat of sends answer to Arjasp, v, 43 Arjasp, V, 75 summons the host, v, 47 receives embassies and tri- marches against Arjasp, v, bute from Caesar and from 48 the kings of Barbaristan, bids Jamasp foretell the Hind, and Sind, v, 75 issue of the fight, v, 48 makes Asfandiyar chief distress of, at Jamasp's ruler of Iran and sends proi)hecy, v, 53 him to convert the world, encouraged to fight by V, 76 Jamasp, v, 54 sends the Zandavasta to gives Zarir the standard and each clime, v, 77 the command of the cen- Gurazm slanders Asfandiyar tre, V, 55 to, v, 78 one wing to As!"andiyar, sends Jamisp I0 recall As- V, 55 fandiyar to court, V, 80 other winsj to Shidasp, v, convokes an assembly and 55 arraigns Asfandiyar, v, the rear to Nastur, v, 55 82 seq. GENERAL INDEX 273

Gushtasp, puts Asfandiyar in Gusht4sp, Asfandiyar recounts bonds, V, 84 his deeds to, v, 170 seq. sends Asfandiyar to Gum- promises to resign the throne badan, v, 84 to Asfandiyar when he takes the Zandavasta to has brought Rustam and Si'stan, V, 85 his kin in bonds to court, welcomed by Rustam and V. 173, 174 Zal, V, 85 Asfandiyar sends the corpses kings revolt from, v, 85 of Niish Azar and Mihr-i- while in Sistin hears from Niish, and a message to, his wife of the sack of V, 232 Balkh and the captivity Asfandiyar's last message to, of his daughters, v, 93 V, 249 calls together his chiefs and hears of Asfandiyar's death summons the host, v, 94 and laments for him, v, marches from Sistan toward 252 Balkh, V, 94 wrath of the nobles with, v, takes command of the cen- 252 tre, V, 94 reproached by Bishutan, v, thirty-eight sons of, slain, 253 and defeat of, in fight Humai and Bih Afrid, v, with Arjasp, v, 95, 96 254 takes refuge on a mountain, Rustam's overtures to, v, V, 96, lOO 256 consults Jamasp, v, 96 Bishutan testifies in Rus- sends Jamasp to Asfandiyar tam's favour to, v, 257 with the offer of the crown reconciled, and writes, to in return for help, v, Rustam, v, 257 97 advised by Jamasp to write interview of, with, and pro- to Bahman, v, 258 mise to resign the crown writes to Rustam and Bah- to, Asfandiyar, v, 106 man to recall the latter, commands the centre, v, 109 V, 258 makes thanksgiving for vic- welcomes and gives Bahman tory, V, 113 the name Ardshir, v, 259 promises to resign the crown tells Jamasp of his wishes to Asfandiyar when he as to the succession, v, 279 has delivered his sisters dies, V, 280 from captivity, v, 114 Gustaham, son of Naudar and summons troops, rewards brother of Tus, i, 90 ; ii,

Asfandiyar, and sends 127, 336 ; iv, 194 him to invade Tiirdn, v, Tus and, sent by Naudar 115 to conduct the Persian hears of Asfandiydr's suc- women to Alburz, i, 351, cess and writes to him, v, 353 160 hear of Naudar's death, i, gives a banquet on Asfan- 364 diyar 's return, v, 164 passed over in the suc- consults Jamasp and the cession, i, 369, 370 astrologers on Asfandi- Kai Khusrau sends troops yar's future, v, 168 to succour, iv, 157 VOL, IX. S 274 GENERAL INDEX Gustaham, son of Naudar, at- Gustaham, son of Gazhdaham, tacks the Turanians, iv, 178 rescued by Bizhan, iv, sent to Chach with troops, 124 seq. iv, 188 healed by Kai Khusrau, iv, reports his defeat of Khur- 133 akhan, iv, 193 Kai Khusrau remonstrated takes part in the assault on with by, and other nobles Gang-bihisht, iv, 208 for refusing audience, iv, left in command of Gang- 275 bihisht, iv, 238 audience of, with Kai Khus- goes to welcome Kai Khus- rau, iv, 283 seq. rau on his return from Kai Khusrau's gifts to, iv, Gang-dizh, iv, 252 295 left behind as viceroy on Kai sets out with Kai Khusrau Khusrau's return to Iran, on his pilgrimage, iv, 306 iv. 254 refuses to turn back when Gustaham, son of Gazhdaham,' bidden by Kai Khusrau,

Iranian hero, 152, i, 369 ; iv, 307 ii, 12, 58, 107; iii, 19, 25, Kai Khusrau farewells and 33. 45. 48. 59, 92, 93. 127, warns, and his comrades, 129. 139, 141. 211, 247, iv, 308 248, 253, 273, 289, 294, disappears and is sought 322, 350; iv, 7, 13, 15, in vain by, and his 24. 33. 93, 132 seq., 149, comrades, iv, 308 191, 292 end of, iv, 309 takes part in the Fight of Gustaham, Iranian warrior, temp. the Seven Warriors, ii, Yazdagird son of Shapur, 107 seq. vi, 394 friendship of, for Bizhan, lions of, slain by Bahram iii. 15 Giir, vi, 410

lends Bizhan a steed, iii, 60 Bahram Gur's commander-

mounts behind Bizhan, iii, in-chief, vii, 85 95 Gustaham (Bistam q.v.), attacks Bidad, iii, 244 maternal uncle of Khus- sends Bizhan to summon rau Parwiz, I-/I-I/4, viii, Rustam, iii, 245 199, 200, 202, 204 seq., goes with Rustam to rescue 227, 228, 231, 25.5, 257, Bizhan, iii, 334 259. 269, 282, 289, 293,

with Andariman, iv, 298 ; ix, 6 fights 295, 4, 87 imprisonment of, viii, 77, 17b made commander in chief Bandwi and, escape and pro tent, vice Gudarz, iv, revolt, viii, 182 informs Khusrau Parwiz of - ?~ Gudarz instructs, iv, 92 the blinding of Hurmuzd, resigns his command to viii, 184 Gudarz, iv, 1 1 1 referred to, viii, 189 volunteers to pursue Lahhak revolt of, viii, 191, 355 and Farshidward, iv, n6 saves Khusrau Parwiz from wounded, iv, 123 Turk, viii, 220

'This is assumed in a\\ cases where it is doubtful wbigh Gus(aliani is me^nt. CJ. Vol. i, p. 369. GENERAL INDEX 275 Gustaham Gurdwi Haft (Bistdm), and, Khwdn, ii, 29 ; v, 117 and dissuade Khusrau Parwiz note from making a night- of Rustara and Asfandiyar attack, viii, 224 compared, v, 1 1 7 treasurer, viii, 229 and note M4n, ii, 29 accompanies Khusrau Par- Haftwdd (Haftanbukht, Asta- •wiz in his flight, viii, wadh). Tribal King, 161, 231 vi, 199 turns back and murders account of, in Tabari, vi, Hurmuzd, viii, 232 205 rejoins Khusrau Parwi'z, viii, daughter of, vi, 205, 206, 233 233. 234 Khusrau Parwiz warned becomes guardian of the against, viii, 255, 256 Worm, vi, 236 deceived by Caesar's talis- Noldeke and Darmestcter man, viii, 272 on, vi, 206 praised by Caesar, viii, 279 son of, vi, 206 Bahram Chiibina writes to, helps his father against viii, 285 Ardshir Papakan, vi, chooses comrades for Khus- 236 rau Parwiz in battle, viii, Story of, 161, vi, 232 seq. 296 seven sons of, vi, 233, 235 receives Khurasan viii, 313 rise to power of, vi, 235 summoned to court, viii, 355 builds, and migrates to, a hears of execution of Band- stronghold, vi, 235 wi, viii, 355 Ardshir Papakan and, vi, hears of Gurdya's doings, 236 seq. viii, 356 slain by Ardshir Papakan, goes to meet Gurdya, viii, vi, 245 356 Haital, Ilaitalians, country and asks Gurdya in marriage, people (White Huns), viii, 357 dwelling north of the Gurdya plots murder of, Oxus, 166, 168, vii, 6, viii, 360 153, 161. 164, 171, 174, intimates of, beheaded, viii, 181, 187. 197, 340, 342,

370 390 ; viii, 45, 242, 329. assassination of, referred to, 370. 377

ix, 16, 104 origin and scat of, i, 19, Gutschmid, Alfred von, on the 20 Cyrus legend in Ctesias, confused with the Turks, vi, 195 vii, 4 Guzihr, Tribal King, vi, 198, 199 Bahram Giir's defeat of. vii, 4 help Piriiz, vii, 156, 157 H Piruz's expedition against, vii, 159, 164 seq. Habash (Ethiopia), 160, vi, 149 tradition of, vii, 160 people of, encountered by king of, vii, lOo, 184 Sikandar, vi, 149 helps Kubad, vii, 198 Haftanbukht. See Haftwad. Kubcid's flight to, vii, 170, Haft Khan, ii, 29 184, 198 276 GENERAL INDEX

Haital Haitalians, Niishirwan's Halai, reason for her repudiation alliance with the Khan by Darab and her naming against, vii, 317 her son Iskandar (Sikan- Khan's war with, vii, 328 seq. dar), vi, 19 Khan's embassy to Niishir- Halai-Sandarus. See Halai. wan destroyed by, vii, 330 Hamadan (Ekbatana), city in to the host of, levied oppose 'Irak-i-'Ajami, vi, 31 ; vii,, 6 68 Khan, vii, 331 ; viii, 178, 189 ; ix, defeated, vii, 332 Hamavaran (Yaman), south- Niishirwan's help sought by, western Arabia, 143, ii, vii, 33^ 25, 78 seq., 94, 96 seq., Faghanish made king by, 139, 143 seq., 213, 215,

vii, 333 218, 250 ; iv, 296, 299; V, Niishfrwan takes counsel 220 174, 207, 208, ; viii, concerning, vii, 333 334, 104, 168 to Niish- make submission king of, 143, i, 338 ; ii, 85 note irwan, vii, 360 seq., 93, 207 and ; v, Ha'iy, son of Kutiba, governor 176 of Tiis and a patron of asks quarter of Rustam, Firdausi, i, 35, 39 ii, 97 Hajir, Iranian hero, 144, 151, ii, releases Kai Kaiis, ii, 97

134, 136, 140, 349 ; iv, Hamawan, mountain, 148, iii, 103, 147, 191 135, ^37. 13S, 14-^, 144. taken prisoner by Suhrab, 153. 154. 158, 161, 164, ii, 131 167, 169, 172, 177; iv. misleads Suhrab, ii, 152 seq. 299 v, 116 life of, attempted by Rus- occupied by the firanians. tam, ii, 176 iii, 132 attacks Bidad, iii, 244 Hamdan Gashasp, Iranian chief, put in charge of the bag- viii, 122, 163, 204 gage, iv, 24 speech of, viii, 166 bears letters from Gudarz Hamza, of Ispahan, tenth cen- to Arabic Kai Khusrau, , iv, 57 tury historian, vi, rewarded by Kai Khusrau, 257 iv, 58 Handgrip, as test of strength, ii, 208 bears Kai Khusrau's reply 64, 66, 67 ; V, to Gudarz, iv, 61, 62 Hani bin Mas'ud, Arab chief, goes with orders to Giv, iv, viii, 190 82, 83 Haoma. See Homa. slays Andariman's horse, = Hum, q.v. iv, 87 Haraiti Bareza (Alburz, q.v.), chosen to fight with Sipah- mountain, iv, 137 ram, iv, 97 Hardm, the environs of Mecca, slays Sipahram, iv, 104 vi, 65, 120 and note, Halab (Chalybon - Beroea, 121 Aleppo), city in northern Haram, of Khusrau Parwiz, ix,

Syiia, iv, 359, 360 ; viii, 4- 5 41. 46, 47 Harat, city in north-western Ilalai loi (Olympia (?), Nahid), Afghanistan, ii, ; iii, in of 222 daughter, legend, ; viii, 71, 92, no, Philip II of Macedon, vi,i9 116, 117, 130, 173 GENERAL INDEX 77

Harat, early scat of Aryan civili- Hatra, king of, vi, 323 zation, i, 7 Haug, his theory of the origin of

battle of, i, 21 Zoroastrianism, ii, 8 Firdansi flees to, from Mah- Hauz, tank or pool, i, 203 and 111 ud, i, 39 note, vii, 50 and tiotc desert of, ii, 228; viii, 114 Hawk, hawks, domestication of, marchlord of. See Makh. by Tahmuras, i, 126 bestowed by Mahwi on his two white, Kai Kubad's

son, ix, 115 dream of, i, 385 Harts, father of Kais, viii, 250 Hawking. See Falconry. Harith, father of Nadr, q.v., v, Hay, sack of, Bahram Chiibina 166 and the, viii, 109 Harith bin Jabala, prince of the Hazar, Hazaran, Turanian hero, Ghassanians, vii, 217 v, 24, 56, 59 protected by Justinian, vii, Hazara, father of Iviit, viii, 291 217 Hecataeus, Greek historian (6th- war of, with Munzir, vii, 217 5th centuries B.C.), vi, 13 Harpagus, Persian noble, temp. Helenopolis, city in Bithynia, vi, 61 = Astyages, ii, 190 Piran in legend, ii, 191 Heraclius, Eastern Roman Em- Harum (City of Women), 160, vi, peror (A.D. 610-642), V, note 73, 153 seq. 306 ; viii, 187, 191 ; visited by Sikandar, vi, 153 ix, 5. 7 seq. attempts of, for peace with Sikandar's correspondence Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 194, with the ruler of, vi, 153 195 seq. takes Dastagird, viii, 194 Harunu'r-Rashid, Khalifa (A.D. retreat of, viii, 195, 196 786-809), i, 14 Shirwi's letter to, ix, 7 Hariit, angel, iii, 286, 288 alliance of, with Shahrbaraz, ' Harvest of Bahram,' viii, 292 ix, 43, 44 Hasan Sabbah (The Old Man of Hermit, Khusrau Parwiz and the the Mountain), v, 30 172, viii, 254 Hashim, Arab general, ix, 68 Herodotus, Greek historian (B.C. sent in of by 'Umar pursuit 484-425). ii. 9 ; iii, 191 ; 68 Yazdagird, ix, vi, 13, 16, 68, 72, 73 ; viii, wins battle of Jalula, ix, 68 193 takes Hulwan, ix, 68 legend of Cyrus the Great in, a descendant of Hashimi, Hashim ii, 190 ; vi, 195 the great grandfather of Heroes, chief, of mixed descent,

Muhammad, i, 25 ; vi, 362 i. 55 and note Vale of, vii, 6 Hashiniite = Muhammad, ix, 81 Hesperides, Garden of the, vi, and note Hcishish, murderer of Darius Hierapolis. See Arayish-i-Riim. Codomanus, vi, 32 High priest, temp. Shapur son of Hatra (Al Hadr), city, vi, 321 Urmuzd, vi, 343 seq. seq. hears of Shapur's return, vi, account of, vi, 322 344 besieged, vi, 322 informs the captain of the fall of, legend of, vi, 322 host, vi, 345 278 GENERAL INDEX

Hijaz, north-western Arabia, Hind, Rahram Gur"s visit to, viii, 24 and note, 66, 67 fabulous, vii, 6 Hilal, Arab, ix, 69 king of, entertained by slayer of Rustam son of Bahram Gur, vii, 140 Farrukh-Hurmuzd, ix, 70 seq. Himalaya (Himavat), mountain- Nushfrwan goes to, vii, 241 range dividing India from Hindiya (Amida ?), city in Thibet, vi, 74, 81 Roman Armenia, vii, 200 Himavat. S.'e above. taken by Kubad, vii, 200 Himyar—Hamavaran (Yaman), Hindu Kush, mountain-range in ii, 79 Afghanistan, ii, 80 Hind, Hindustan, 14-;, J59, 161, Hindustani, vii, 6 261 165, i6g, i, 231, ; ii, Gipsy language a debased

92, 228, 287, 289 ; iii, 30, form of, vii, 6 152, 164, 165, 177, 204, Hiong-Nu, probably the Huns, v, 221, 222, 235, 237, 238, 13 of 242 ; iv, 14, 60, 65. 133, Hira, city west the Euphrates 'Ali 196, 208, 272, 317, 320 ; near Mashad (Nedjef), V, 76, 188, 257, 262, 265, vi, 372; vii, 217; viii,

277 ; vi, 80, 81, 91, 98 188, 191 ; ix, 5, 66 and passiin seat of the dynasty of Al of land sorcerers, i, 163 Munzir, i, 55 Mai of, i, 252 kingdom of, ix, 65 king of (Shangul) temp. Kai abolished by Khusrau Khusrau, iii, 162, 210, Parwiz, ix, 66 218, 251 attacked by Persians, ix, 67 temp. Bahram Gur, vii, Hira (Jebel Niir), mountain 113, 119, 126, 128 north of Mecca, viii, 42 temp. Niishirwan, viii, 52 Hirbad, keeper of the women's lord of = Shangul, iii, 187 house of Kai Kaiis, ii, 202, of = man Shangul, iii, 216 206 Hirmund river in prince of,= iv, 71 (Helmund), lord of Mahmud, iv, 142 Sistan in eastern Iran, i, monarch of, iv, 319, 321 358,359; iii, 321 ; V, 178, kings of, send tiibute to 182, 186, 191, 196, 219, Gushtasp, iv, 75 285 ambassadors from, come referred to, v, 198, 231 to Darab, vi, 21 Hisham ibn Muhammad ibn Dara, vi, 35 Al-Kalbi, Arabic historian ruler of = Fur, vi, 51 (Sth-gth centuries A.D.), Sikandar invades, vi, 98 vi, 30 ; viii, 73 silk of, vi, 99 Hishwi, Riiman toll-collector, king of=Kaid, vi, 103 iv, 334 seq. Sikandar becomes king of, interview of, with Gushtasp, vi, 118 iv, 324 people of, help the Sindians becomes friends with Gush- against Sikandar, vi, 175 t4sp, iv, 332 Raja of, i6g. See Raja. asks Gushtasp, on behalf of Bahr4m Gur's visit to, vii, Mirin, to undertake the 5, no seq. adventure of the wolf of motive of, vii, 5 Fdskun, iv, 335 GENERAL INDEX 279

Hishwi, goes with Gushtasp and Hormisdas, goes with Julian Mirin to the forest of to the East, vi, 325 Fdskun, iv, 337 Horoscope, i, 152 Mirin and, welcome Gush- of the sons of Faridun, i, 188 t^p on his return, iv, 339 ZaI, i, 251, 278 asks GushtAsp, on behalf of Rustam, i, 278, 307 Ahraii, to undertake the Siyawush, ii, 196, 205, 234 adventure of tlie dragon Mi'rin, iv, 334 of Mount Sakila, iv, 344 Shaghad, v, 264 goes with Gushtasp and Ardawan, vi, 218 Ahran to Mount Sakila, Bahram Gur, vi, 376 iv, 346 Yazdagird son of Shapur, Ahran and, welcome Gush- vi, 390 vi tasp on his return, iv, 347 Shirwi, i, 37.2 ; ix, 16, 17 receives gifts from Gush- Horse, of Persian royalty, how note tasp, iv, 348 distinguished, ii, 410 confirms Gusht^sp's claim Gushtasp's black. See to have slain the wolf and Black horse, dragon, and produces (steed, knight), piece in their teeth to Cjesar, iv, chess, vii, 285, 423 351 position of, vii, 388, 422 -Hittite, Hittites, vi, 71 move of, vii, 422 empire, vi, 71 Houri, maid of Paradise, i, 272 ; Hiuen Tsiang, Chinese traveller ix, 81 (A.D. 603-668), vi, 63 House of Darkness, ix, 7 quoted, vi, 63, 73 Crystal, ix, 25 and note Hoibaras, Persian slave, temp. Houses, the Twelve, of the sky, Astyages, vi, 195 1, 103, 188 Hold, The Brazen. See Brazen good influence of, i, 52 Hold. Hrazdan, river in Armenia, v, 13 Holy Ghost, the, vi, 13S and note Hiilwan (Arash), town, vii, 187, Holy Questions, Mountain of the, 201

i, 62 situation of, vii, 187 Homa (Soma), a plant held Yazdagird retires to, ix, 67 sacred by the Zoroas- taken by Hashim, ix, 68 trians, i, 8 and note, ii, 8 Hum (Haoma, q.v.), hermit, 153, juice of, ii, 8 iv, 135 seq., 259 seq. referred to, iv, 138 hears Afrasiyab lamenting Homer, vi, 13, 72 in the cave, iv, 260 epic method of. contrasted capture of Afrasiyab by, iv, with Firdausi's, i, 47 261 quoted, vi, 68, 73 Darmesteter on, iv, 136 Hormisdas I. See Urmuzd son pities and unbinds Afrasi- of ShApiir. ycib, iv, 262 Hormisdas H. See Urmuzd son tells his adventure with of Narsi. AfrasiyAb to Gudarz and Hormisdas (Urmuzd son of Giv, iv, 363 Urmuzd son of Narsi), Kai K4us and Kai Khus- Persian prince, takes re- rau, iv, 264 fuge with the Romans, vi, suggests how Afrasiyab may 3i«. 3-25 be recaptured, iv, 265 28o GENERAL INDEX

Hum, recaptures Afrasiyab, iv, Humai, crowns, and excuses her- 266 self to, Darab, v, 310 Huma. See below. proclaims Darab, v, 311 Humai (Huma), daughter of Humai, Iranian chief, tcDip.

Gushtasp, ii, 3 ; v, 12, Bahram Gur, vii, 88 25 goes as envoy to the Khan, marriage of, with Asfandi- vii, 87 yar, v, 22, 74 Hiimdn, son of Wisa and brother ignored by Firdausi, v, 22 of Piran, Turanian hero, offered in marriage to the 144, 148. I4g. 151, i, 92; of avenger Zarir, v, 64 ii, 129, 130, 132, 148, 150, taken the Turk- captive by 264, 390 ; iii, 90, 91, 93, mans, V, 93, 100 108, 120 seq., 133 seq., goes with Bih Afrid to draw 142, 149, 152, 1.53, 158, water and meets Asfandi- 166, 169, 177, 182, 192, yar, v, 147 202, 205, 210, 217, 227, from escapes Arj asp's pal- 232, 234, 252, 259, 330 ; ace, V, 153 iv, 7, 8, 10, 29 seq., 44, bewails Asfandiyar, v, 252 55. 56. 61, 75, 76. 91, 118, reproaches Gushtasp, v, 254 152 Humai (Chihrzad, q.v.), daughter Barman and, join Suhrab wife of and Bah man, and with troops, ii, 129 mother of Darab, ShAh, Afrasiyab's instructions to, 10 157, 158. ii, 3. 9, ; v, ii, 129

2S1, 290 seq. ; vi, 20, 22, misleads Suhrab as to Rus-

190 tam, ii, 165, 169 mairied to Bahman, v, 290 reproaches Suhrab for spar- Bahman appoints, and her ing Rustam, ii, 171 issue, to succeed him, v, throws the blame for Suh-

291 rab's death on Haji'r, ii, Semiramis (?), v 293 176 genealogies of, v, 293 withdraws from fran under

Reign of, 158, v, 292 seq. safe conduct, ii, 176, 181, Note on, v, 292 seq. 182, 184 accession of, v, 294 rescues Afiasiyab from Rus- Darab born of, v, 294 tam, ii, 354, 355 referred to, v, 296 persuades Afrasij'ab to hears of Riiman invasion abandon the pursuit of and bids Rashnawad lead Kai Kliusrau, ii, 394 forth the host, v, 301 parleys with Tiis, iii, 121 reviews the host, v, 302 leads the host against Tiis, affected on seeine: Darab, v, iii, 127 302 counsels Piran, iii, 134 hears from RashnawAd pursues the Iranians to about Ddrab, v, 308 Mount Hamawan, iii, 135

recognises that Darab is her ralhes the Turanians, iii, son, V, 308 139 thanksgiving largess of, v, reconnoitres the Iranians, 309 iii, 174 ^ ^ Rashnawdd and Darab ap- informs I'l'ran of the arrival pear before, v, 309 seq. of Rustam, iii, 174 GENERAL INDEX 281

Ili'iiiian, parleys disguised with llunniizd (Shah), counselled by Kiistani, iii, i(j6 Nushirwan, viii, 25 seq. commands the centre, iv, 25 Niisliirwan's testament in dissuaded from fighting by favour ol, and last coun- Pi'ran, iv, 30 sels to, viii, 61 seq. parleys with Bizhan, iv, 45 Reign of, 170, viii, 70 armour of, donned by Bi- Note on, viii, 70 zhan, iv, 51 character of, viii, 70 Turanians' grief at death of, system of administinticn of, iv, 51 viii, 71 10 Huns, the, i, ; v, 13 ; vi, 15 ; justice of, viii, 71 vii, 153 instances of, viii, 90 seq. settlement of, at Samar- scribes executed by, viii, 71 kanil, i, 19 insult of, to Baliiam Chu- ^\hite. 5fe Haital. bina, viii, 76 Hur, father of Bihruz, vii, 72 Lazic war renewed by, viii, Hurmuz (Urmuzd), Ashkanian 76 king, vi, 197 Bahram Chiibina's gift of Hurmuz (Urmus), city and island swords to, viii, 76 on the south-eastern shore accession of, viii, 78 of the Persian Gulf, vi, turns to evil courses, viii, 204 81 Hurmuz (Hormisdas IH), Sh4h, puts to death tzid Gas- 166, vii, 153, 186 hasp, viii, 83 appointed by Yazdagird to poisons Zarduhsht, viii, 83 succeed him, vii, 155 seq. Reign of, vii, 156 schemes against and puts Note on, vii, 156 to death Simah Parzin, defeated by Pi'ruz, vii, 157 viii, 85 seq. pardoned by Pirilz, vii, 156, attempts to suborn Bahram 158 Azarmihan, viii, 85 seq., leads the van in the war gives audience, viii, 86 with the Turkmans (Hai- hears state-secret from Bah- talians), vii, 164 ram Azarmihan, viii, 88 perishes in battle, vii, 168 puts to death Bahram Azar- Hurmuz, minister of Bahram mihan, viii, 89 Gur, vii, 26 repentance of, viii, 90, 93 Hurmuzd (Hormisdas IV), son places of residence of, viii, of Nushirwan, Shah, i6g- 90

IJ2, vii, 279 ; viii, 56 wars of, viii, 92 seq., 69 seq., 74 seq., 78, attacked by Sawa, viii, 92 87, 147, 169, 170, 174, Sawa's letter to, viii, 93 198, 209, 212, 213, 222, attacked by Caesar, viii, 93 232, 265, 270, 304, 312, Khazars, viii, 93

333. 355. 370. 376 ; ix, 4, Arabs, viii, 93 15. 104 consults the Iranians, viii, son of the Khan's daughter, 94 vii, 317 counselled by his wazir, viii, sent against the Turks, vii 94 317 makes peace with Ca?sar, examination of, viii, 3, 57 viii, 95 282 GENERAL INDEX

Hurmuzd (Shah), attacks and de- Hurmuzd (Shah), hears of the feats the Khazars, viii, 95 murder of Ayin Gashasp, sends for Mihran Sitad, viii, 182 viii, 97 dethroned and blinded, viii, hears prophecy about Bah- 183, 200 ram Chiibina, viii, 98 visited in prison by Khusrau orders search to be made for Parwiz, viii, 185, 198, 230 Bahram Chubina, viii, 99 requests of, to Khusrau Par- discovers and sends for wiz, viii, 199 Bahram Chubina, viii, 100 referred to, viii, 211 consults Bahram Chubina, counsels Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 100 viii, 230 gives chief command to murdered, viii, 232 Bahram Chubina, viii, \oz Hurmuzd Garabzin or Galabzin questions Bahram Chubina, (Ivharrad son of Barzin viii, 103 q.v.), viii, 190 gives Rustain's banner to Hurmuzd, priest, vii, 188 Bahram Chubina, viii, 105 assists Nushirwan in his sends Mihran with Bahram disputation with Mazdak, Chubina, viii, 106 vii, 188, 206 intelhgencer after Bahram Hurmuzd, Iranian general, vii, Chubina, viii, 107 251 to recall Bahrain Chubina, commands the outposts in viii, 108 Niishirwan's army, vii, 251 Kharrad, son of Barzin, Hurmuzd (Hurmuzdshah, Far- as envoy to Sawa, viii, rukh-Hurmuzd q.v.), no father of Rustam, ix, 72, hears of Bahram Chiibina's 78, 85, 89, 96 victory, viii, 132 Hurmuzd ShahrangurAz (Shah- makes thanksgiving, viii, 132 ranguraz q.v.), ix, 54 rewards Bahram Chubina Hurmuzd, devotee, ix, 102 and the troops, viii, 133 pleads with Mahwi for Yaz- surveys spoils sent by Bah- dagird, ix, 102 ram Chubina, viii, 150 Hurmuzdagan, vi, 193, 199 grows suspicious of Bahram battle of, vi, 193, 199, 202, Chubina, viii, 151 256 dismisses the Khan with Husain, friend of Firdausi, ix, gifts, viii, 152 121 hears from Kharrad of Bah- Hushang, son of Siyamak, min- ram Chiibina's disaffec- ister of Gaiiimart, and

tion, viii, 160 Shah, 139, 140, i, 42, 90,

consults with high priest, 91, 126 ; ii, 204 ; iv, 133,

viii, 161 286, 292, 302 ; V, 180,

Ayin Gashasp, viii, 174, 245 ; vii, 37, 273 ; viii,

177 376 ; ix, 25, 41 plans to make away with Firdausi's etymology of, i, Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 174 121 hears of Khusrau Parwiz' goes with Gaiiimart to fight flight, viii, 176 the Black Div, i, 121 I2i imprisons ]5andwi and Gus- slays the Black Div, i, taham, viii, 176 Reign of, 140, i, 122 GENERAL INDEX 283

Hushang, Reign of, Note on, i, Iblis, occasional substitution of* 12Z for Ahrinian in the Shah- succeeds 122 Gaiiiniart, i, nama, i, 50, 70 ; ii, 82, no culture-hero, i, 123 tempts Zahhak, i, 136 seq. discovers lire, i, IJ3 turns cook, i, 137 seq. institutes 1 Fire-worship, i, 23 causes serpents to grow out

founds the Feast of Sada, i, of Zahhcik's shoulders, i, 124 139 domesticates animals, {,124 counsels, garbed as a leech, dies, i, 124 Zahhdk, i, 139

Firdausi's reflections on, i, Ibn Mukafta', Persian scholar

124 and Arabic writer, vi, 373 ; rites of, vii, 53 vii, 161 Faith of, viii, 380 account of, vi, 17 Hushdiv, Turanian hero, v, 46 translator of the Bastan- put in charge of the rear, v, nama into Arabic, vi, 17 46 Fables of Bidpai (the Hushyar, astrologer, vi 372, 375 Book of Kalila and takes Bahram Giir's horo- Dimna) into Arabic, scope vi, 176 vii, 3S3 _ Hushravah (Kai Khusrau, q.v.), Ibrahim, Abraham the pat- iv, 137, 138 riarch, vi, 1 1 9, 120 Hutaosa, wife of 1 1 house of =the = Gushtasp, v, Kaaba, vi, 119 Atossa (?), V, II Ichthyophagi, vi, 81 //fyaonas (Khyons, Chionitae ?), Sikandar and, vi, 69, 147 people, V, 13 Arrian on, vi, 69 Hyapates, son of Scmiramis, v, modern accounts of, vi, 70 292 city of, described, vi, 177 Hydaspes, id. go to meet, and are visited Hydaspes (Jhilam), river in the by, Sikandar, vi, 17S Punjab, vi, 18, 31, 62, 63 hand over the treasures of Hydraotes (Ravi), river in the Kai Khusrau to Sikandar, Punjab, vi, 64 vi, 178 Hyperboreans, the, vi, 74 fd-i-Kurdi, Feast of, i, 143 Elysium of, vi, 74 Ighriras (Aghraeratha, Aghrc- Hyphasis (Beas), river in the ra.d, Aghriras), brother of Punjab, vi, 64 Afrasiyab and Turanian

Hyrcania (Gurgan, q.v.), ii, 27 ; hero, 142. i, 92, 337, 342

iii. 10 ; vi, 373 seq. : ii, 18, 20, 303, 304 ; 8 Giv, prince of, iii, 9 iii, ; iv, 136, 206, 262

Hystaspes (Gushtasp, q.v.), iv, characterised, i, 55, 338 314 seq. opposes war with Iran, i, Hystaspes, father of Darius I, v, 343 10 Barman's single combat, governor of Parthia, v, lo i. 347 over-ruled by Pashang, i, 344 Afrasiydb, i, 347 iBLfs, the Muhammadan Devil, Iranian captives saved by, 282 140, 143, iv, 206, ; V, i. 3(^3

174, 218 released by, i, 365 seq. 284 GENERAL INDEX

Ighrhas, upbraided and slain by Indian, Indians, Faith of, iy2, Afrasiyab, i, 367 viii, 275 Pashang's grief for, i, 374 script, ix, I 7 revival of, in legend, iv, 135 scribe, ix, 17 given a command, iv 156 Indies, Greek idea of two, vi, 13 head of, sent by Kai Khus- duplicate races in, vi, 68 rau to Kai Kaiis, iv, 185 Indo-European race, i, 7 referred to, iv, 267 Asiatic branch of, i, 7 Ijds bin Kabi'sa, viii, 188 Aryans, i, 7 ' governor of Hira, viii, 190 early seats of, i, 7

Ila, Turanian king, iv, 182 religion of, i, 7

fights with Kai Khusrau, iv, Indra, Indian god, ii, 25 ; vi, 203

182 Vritra and, ii, 25 ; vi, 203 ruler of 21 Ilyas, Khazar q.v., 154, Indus, river, i, 71, 252 ; ii, ;

iv, 361 iii, 177, 204, 237. 251 ; V, tribute demanded of, by 293 ; vi, 62, 67, 70 ; vii, Caesar, iv, 352 241 refuses tribute and declares mistaken for the Nile, vi, 68

war, iv, 352 Introduction, to Shahnama, i, 3 makes overtures to Gush- seq. tasp, iv, 354 lollas, Alexander the Great's cup- corpse of, brought by Gush- bearer, vi, 82 tasp to Cajsar, iv, 355 Iraj, youngest son of laridun Imagery, of Shahnama. See q.v. and the protagonist Shahnama. of the Iranian race, 140, i, Greek form of 211 Imaus, Himalaya 54, 90, 91, ; ii, 8, 16, q.v., vi, 12 19, 20, 237, 297,302; iii, 8; 261 'Inanian, 'Inanians, Arab tribe, iv, 146 ; V, 42, 44, ;

vi, 324. 330, 331. 333 vi, 353 ; vii, 73 ; viii, 266, Ind. See Hind. 376 and note, 392 ; ix, 103

India, iv, 316 ; vi, 17, 64, 81, S3, etymology of, i, 174 204 naming of, i, 188 frinians and Aryans of, i, 15 horoscope of, i, 188 Palladius on, vi, 61 receives Iran and Arabia as

Ancient, M'Crindle's, quoted, his portion, i, 189 vi, 68 abdication of, demanded by = Ethiopia, vi, 68 Salm and Tiir, i, 192 Indian, Indians, iy2, vi, 81, 375, offers to go to his brothers,

397 ; vii, 135, 146; viii, i, 196 377 visits Salm and Tur, i, 19S = Ethiopians, vi, 13, 68 reception of, by Salm and sages, vi, 61, 83, 91 seq., 143 Tur, i, 198 seq., 266 offers to resign his kingship bells to his 200 and gongs, vi, 175 ; brothers, i, viii, 46, 120 slain by Tur and Salm, i, bane, vi, 259 201

king of = Shangul, vii, 118 head of, sent to Faridun, i, tongue, vii, 117, 143 202 sword, falchion, scimitar,viii, mourning for, i, 203 seq.

127, 145. 417 ; ix. 17 daughter of, 140, i, 205 Garden of the, viii, 196 married to Pashang, i, 205 GENERAL INDEX 285 fiaj, daughter of, gives birth to frdnians, historical relations of,

Minuchihr, i, 206 with Semites, i, 10

vengeance for, i, 215 seq. Assyrians, i, 10 referred 1 1 to, i, 335, 349 Arabs, i, ; vi, 17; ix, Iraj, king of Kabul, iv, 146 65 seq.

'IrAk, ix, 66 Greeks and Romans, i, 14 = 'frak 'Arabi (Babylonia), Aryans of India, i, 15 vii, 214, 224 Tiirdnians, i, 16 seq.

Iram, gardens of, i, 100, 113; Kimmerians, i, i 7

ii, 78 ; vii, 235 and Scythians, i, 17

note Parthians, i, 18

Iran, 142-144. 14^. 148. 150, 152- Alani, i, 19

155. 157, 15S, 162, 163, Huns, i, 19

163, i6y, 172. 173, 173, Turks, i, 20 176, i, 3, 113, 152, 153 traditional relations of, with and passim other Indo - Europeans,

boundaries of, i, 3 Semites, and Turanians, i, physical features of, i, 3 54. 55. 56 gradual desiccation of, i, 3 revolt against Jamshid and and see Drought, summon Zahhak to Iran, climate of, i, 4 i. 139 flora of, i, 4 chiefs of, imprisoned at fauna of, i, 5 Sari, i, 363 of land contrasts, i, 5, 58, plot for release with Igh- 60 riras, i, 363 cosmogony of, i, 5 inform Zal, i, 366 6 people of, i, released by Kishwad, i, -vej, region, i, 9 367 situation for of, i, 9 provided by Zal, i, Zoroaster's (Zarduhsht's) 367 birth-place, i, 62 bewail Naudar, i, 364 Arab conquest of, i, 12 wish to withdraw from the Arabia and, Iraj's portion, Seven Stages, v, 135 i, 189 encouraged to persevere by -Shahr, ii, 81 Asfandiyar, v, 1 36 fought for by Afrasiyib and provoked to combat by the Arabs, ii, 92 Zawara, v, 225 invaded by Suhrab, ii, 130 Sikandar's proclamation to, lord of=Mahmud, iv, 142 vi, 44 monarch of = Darab, vi, 21, bewail themselves, vi, 48 26 counsel Dar4 to come to and Shahnama compared, terms with Sikandar, vi, vi, 193 48 invaded by Munzir and ask quarter of Sikandar, vi, Nu'min, vi, 397 51 Rum's tribute to explaine 1, hail Sikandar as ruler, vi, 56 vii, 187 after Yazdagird son of Iranian, Iranians, 144, 147-131, Shdpur's death meet for 153. 155. 163-167. 171, counsel in Pdrs, vi, 394 176, i, 9 and passim Jawanwi sent by, to Mun- neighbours of, i, 9 zir, vi, 397 286 GENERAL INDEX

Iranians, offer prayer at the Fire- Iranian, Iranians, defeat the fane of Barzin, vi, 400 Turks, viii, 126 loyal, support Bahram Gur, revolt against Hurmuzd, vi, 402 viii, 156 procedure of, to elect a elect Bahram Chubina Shah, vi, 403 Sh4h, viii, 243 decide to reject Bahram homage Shirwi, ix, 8 Gur, vi, 403 choose two chiefs to visit remonstrated with by Mun- Khusrau Parwiz in prison, zir, vi, 403 ix, 9 object-lesson of, to Munzir, plot against Guraz, ix, 54 vi, 404 go hunting with Guraz, ix, accept Bahram Gur's pro- 55 posal for settling the race, ix, 65 question of kingship by enmity of, with Semite,

ordeal, vi, 406 i, 54 ; ix, 65 ask Munzir to intercede announces arrival of Shu'ba with Bahrdm Gur for Mughira to Rustam, ix, 82 them, vii, 9 defeat of, at Kadisiya, ix, 84 arrears of taxes of, can- retreat to Yazdagird, ix, 85 celled, vii, II -born, ix, 99 levied by Bahram Gur, vii, defeat of, at Marv, ix, 116 86 ambushed, ix, 118 resolve to submit to the Irma'il and Karma'il, Zahhak's

Khan, vii, 87 cooks, 140, i, 146 to the send Humai as envoy Irman, (Arman q.v.), i, 345, 358 ; Khan, vii, 87 iii, 12, 285, 292. 296, letter of, to the Khan, vii, 87 3" ask for Narsi's good offices devastated by wild boars, with Bahram Giir, vii, 93 iii, 290 lament for the death of Irmanians (Armenians q.v.), 150, Piriiz, vii, 169 iii, 286 revolt against Kubad, vii, complain to Kai Khusrau 195 of the wild boars, iii, 290 put Kubad in fetters, vii, Iron steeds, Sikandar's, vi, 115 195 Isa (Jesus), viii, 276 note ask pardon of Kub4d, vii, Isdigird I (Yazdagird son of 200 Shapur), Sasanian king, pardoned by Kubad, vii, 200 vi, 371 take Sakila, viii, 47 Isdigird II (Yazdagird son of chiefs received in audience Bahram Gur), Sasanian by Hurmuzd, viii, 86 king, vii, 153 consulted by Hurmuzd, viii, Ishmael, vi, 65, 120, 121 94 Iskandar. See Sikandar. defeat the Khazars, viii, 96 Iskandar, herb, vi, 26 advise Bahr4m Chubina, Iskandariya (Alexandria), 160, viii, 102, 121, 239 seq., 287 vi, 183 SAwa employs sorcery Sikandar buried at, vi, 185 against, viii, 123 Island, the=Meroe, vi, 65 encouraged by Bahram Islands, Male and Female, vi, 72 Chubina, viii, 124 origin of legend of, vi, 72 GENERAL INDEX 2f<7 Isma'il. See Ishmael. Istakhr, Ardshir Papakan Isnia'i'l, brother of Sultan Mah- marches from, against the niud, i, 21 Kurds, vi, 230 Isnnpwi. See Ispanwi. returns victorious to, vi, Ispahan, city in 'Irak-i-'Ajami, 232 -f taken A i. 351 ; ii. 394. 399 ; Yazdagird to, ix, 64

iii, 109 ; vi, 57, 86, 87, made Shah at, ix, 65 210 199, 201, 202, ; vii, Istuvegu. See Astyages.

6, 84, 214, 224 ; viii, 90 Italy, vii, 218 to of ex- given Giidarz, ii, 78 ; iv, Alexander Epirus' 129 pedition to, vi, 12 arrival of Kai Khusrau at, Alexander the Great's ii, 396 legendary expedition to, bestowed on Giv by Kai vi, 12, 30 Khusrau, iv, 298 Iwan-i-Kcrkh, vi, 327 Ispanwi, slave-girl of Tazhav, Izads (Yazatas), the, iii, 286 iii, 14, 27, 77 Izid, viii, 75 taken captive by Bizhan, Izid Gashasp, archscribe, J 70, iii, 78 viii, 74 Ispuruz, mountain in the neigh- confusion in name of, viii, bourhood of Alazan- 75. 76 daran, ii, 38, 56, 57, iv, put to death by Hurmuzd, 136, 230 viii, 75. 83 Israfil, archangel, 160, vi, 78 malicious speech of, viii, 77 Sikandar's interview with, and note, 150 and note VI, 83, 161 imprisoned, viii, 81 Issedones, tribe situated on the sends for high priest, viii, 81 Tarim basin in eastern Izid Gashasp, Iranian warrior, Turkistan, iii, 192 viii, 103, 122, 136, 138, Issus, town, plain, and gulf in 149, 350, 353. 356 Cilicia, vi, 30 conducts spoil to Iran, viii, battle of, vi, 30, 31 148 Darius' family taken pris- goes hunting with Bahram oners at, vi, 31 Chiibina, viii, 156 Istakhr (Persepolis), city in Pars, speech of, viii, 165 142, 165, ii, II, 22, 28,

339 ; vi, 57, 198, 199, 202, 211, 223, 225, 231, bin 3-26, 356, 386 ; vii, 83, Jabala Salim, viii, 73 188 of 95, ; viii, 90, 313 ; Jacob Sarug, Syriac poet. ix, 50, 54 Syriac Christian Legend buildings at, attributed to of Alexander the Great Humai, v, 293 versified by, vi, 15, 74, 78, Dara marches from, to en- 84 counter Sikandar, vi, 37, JAdiistan, vi, log and note 46 Jagatai, mountain-range in returns to, vi, 44 Khurasdn, v, 29 Sikandar crowned Shdh at, Jahn, son of Afrasiyib, Turan-

vi, 59 ian hero, 152, i, 92 ; ii, Ardshir 268 taken by Papakan, 264, ; iv, 156, 162, vi, 227 200 seq., 214 288 GENERAL INDEX

Jahn, son of Afrasiyab, sent to Jamasp, foretells the death in guard Shida's rear, iv, 155 battle of Ardshir, v, 49 advances to the attack Shidasp, V, 50 and is defeated by Karan, Girami, v, 50 iv, 178 exploits of Nastur, v, 50 stationed at the centre with death of Nivzar, v, 51 Afrasiyab, iv, 179 Zarir, v, 52, 70 note sent to the left with troops, triumph of Asfandiyar, v, iv, 180 52 Garsiwaz and, compel Afra- defeat of Arjasp, v, 52 siyab to quit the field, iv, encourages Gushtasp to 182 fight, V, 54 commands the right, iv, referred to, v, 59, 102 190 dissuades Gushtasp from helps to defend Gang- avenging Zarir, v, 64, 68 bihisht, iv, 209 made archmage of Fire- taken prisoner by Rustam, temple built by Gush- iv, 210 tasp, v, 75 sent to Kai Kaiis, iv, sent to recall Asfandiydr to 233 court, v, 80 seq. interned by Kai Kaus, iv, advises Gushtasp, when be- 235 leaguered by Arjasp, to spurious passage about, iv, release Asfandiyar, v, 97 272 note volunteers to go to Asfan- Jahn, architect of throne of diyar, V, 97 Takhdis, viii, 391 reaches Gumbadan in dis- Jahram (Chahram), 161, 163, guise, V, 98 city in Pars, vi, 44, 119, interview of, with Asfan- 202, 225, 237, 241, 268, diyar, V, 99 seq. 61 for blacksmiths to 400 ; vii, 185 ; ix, 29, sends Dara goes to, vi, 44 uncliain Asfandiyar, v, loi degert of, vi, 401 sets off with Asfandiyar, Jdj (? Chach q.v.), iv, 150 Bahman, and Niish Azar, Jalalpiir, city in the northern V, IC3 Punjab, vi, 18 foretells Asfandiyar's fate, Jalula, town north-east of Bagh- V, 169 dad, i, 12, ix, 68 reproached by Bishiitan, v, battle of, i, 12, ix, 68 254 Jam, son of Kubad and brother advises Gushtasp to write of Nushirwan, vii, 316 to Bahman, v, 257 conspires against Nushir- writes by Gushtasp's orders wan, vii, 316 to recall Bahman, v, 258 Jcimcisp, chief minister of Shah Gushtasp tells his intention

; as to the succession Gushtasp, 155, i, 42 ; ii, 9 v, to, v, 12, 22, 24 seq., 58, 206, 279 68 216, 248 ; viii, 171, 393 ; prophecy of, viii, ix, 26 additions of, to throne of omniscience of, v, 19, 48 Takhdis, viii, 392 answers, in conjunction with Jdmasp, son of Piriiz, 166, vi, 3 Zarir and Asfandiyar, Ar- supersedes Kubad temporar- jasp's letter, v, 42 ily, vii, 184, 195 GENERAL INDEX 2 So son of Jamdsp, P.'ri'iz, titio of, Jamshi'd, treasure of, founti by vii, 1 86 Hahram Giir, 164, vii, 36 fate of, vii, iS6, 200 described, vii, 36 of James, St., bishop Edessa, i, Jandal, envoy of Faridun, 140, 374 i. ^77 James V of Scotland, vii, 3 asks Sarv's daughters in Bahram Gi'ir's resemblance marriage for Faridun's to, vii, 3 sons, i, 178 Jamhur, king of Hind, vii, 395, informs Faridun of the out-

396. 39'^. 399. 401. 403 come of his mission, i, 182 Jamshid, son of Tahmiiras, Shdh Jandal, city in Hind, vii, 140 and culture-hero, 140, 164, monarch of, entertained by

i, 42, 90, 91, ; ii, 4, 33, Bahram Gur, vii, 140

37, 168, 204, 358, 399 ; seq.

iii. 7. 57. 257, 273 ; iv, Janfuruz, Iranian general, viii, 63. ^ii, 149. 203, 206, 297

272, 274, 290 ; V, 2>^, 34. Jamisiyar, minister of Dara, vi, 38, 47, 180, 202, 215, 216, 52. 88 245, 271, 284 ; vi, 45 murders Dara, vi, 52

and note, 172, 209 ; vii, informs Sikandar of Dara's 211 36 seq., 107, 162, 173, ; murder, vi, 52 viii, 22, 242, 269, 310, arrested by Sikandar, vi, 53

332, 341, 3S7 ; ix, 25, 39, executed, vi, 56, 88 103 Jaranjas, Turanian hero, iv, 156 Reign of, 140, i, 129 scq. Jarira, daughter of Piran, wife Note on, i, 129 seq. of Siyawush, and mother the Iranian Noah, i, 129 of Farud, J-/7, i, 92 ; ii,

meaning of, i, 130 3 ; iii. 43 ascends the throne, i, 131 married to Siyawush, ii, greatness of, i, 131 268 seq. culture-hero, i, 132 birth of her son Farud, ii, makes armour, i, 132 291

raiment, i, 132 referred to, iii, 39 institutes castes, i, 132 advises Farud, iii, 42 great builder, i, 133 dream of, iii, 63 introduces jewelry and per- kills herself, iii, 66 fumes, i, 133 Jarmana, place, ix, 93

Iccchcraft, i, 133 Jasha, king, i, 67, 68 ship-building, i, 133 Jatakas, vii, 383 carried by the di'vs into the Jats, people of north-western air, i, 133 India, vii, 6 feast held in memorial of, i, fabulous origin of, vii, 6 134 Jawanwi, Iranian magnate, vi, fall of, i, 10 130, 134, 139 373 ; vii, 8, franians revolt against, i, 139 goes as ambassador to Mun- fliglit and death of, i, 139 zir, vi, 398 sisters of, married to Zah- interview of, with Munzir, hAk, i, 146 vi, 398 seq. found by Faridun, 140, i, recognises the divine Grace 162 in Bahram Gur, vi, 398 referred to, iv, 304 seq. VOL. IX. 290 GENERAL INDEX

Jawanwi, suggests a course of Ji'hiin—cont. to action IMunzir, vi, 400 134. 174. 332 ; ix, 77, 115, returns to fran, vi, 400 118 bidden by Bahram Gur to boundary between Iran and remit the arrears of taxes, Tiiran i, 71, 370, 371

vii, II confused with the Aras, i, Jaz (Gaz), town north-west of 370 fords Ispahan, vi, 337 ; vii, 76, of, viii, 331 79. 80 Jins, ix, 81 tribute of, remitted, vii, 82 Johari Das, Babu, quoted, vi, 81 81 Jerusalem, v, 306 note, vi, ; Joktan, vi, 65 viii, 191, 196 = Kahtan, vi, 65 Elevation of the True Cross Joshua, vi, 77 at, ix, 43 Moses and, Muhammadan 10 Jesus, i, 42 ; viii, 191 ; ix, legend of, vi, 77 sayings of, viii, 276 and note Jovian (Bazanush), Roman Em- Cross of, viii, 3 So peror (A.D. 363-4), vi, laughter of, viii, 191, 380 324 seq. ; viii, 41 with Jew, Jews, 168, vi, 356 ; vii, 13, confused Valerian, vi,

273 ; viii, 21, 67, 276 324 Faith of, vi, 95 Judaism, vi, 327 Bahram Gur's adventure Judda, the port of Mecca, J59, with a, vii, 16 seq. vi, 121 persecution of, vii, 153 Sikandar arrives at, vi, 121 Zuran's plot with a, against Julian (Yaniis), Roman Em-

Mahbiid, vii, 320 5^^. peror (A.D. 361-363), i, 12 bewitches Niishirwan's food, ; vi, 325 vii, 321 confused with Valerian, vi, makes confession to Niishir • 324 wan, vii, 325 not an emperor in the Shah- Fables of Bidpai, vogue of nama. vi, 324, 326 largely due to, vii, 383 expedition of, against Per- Jewelled tree, Kai Khusrau's, iii, sia, vi, 324 seq. 329 Julius Valerius, early Latin Jeweller, a, 164. See Mahiyar. translator of the Pseudo- daughter of, 164 Callisthenes, vi, 14, 61, Jewels, discovery of, i, 133 66 seq., 71, 74, 78, 79, Palace of, 160 81 Jhilam (Hydaspes), river in the Jund-i-Sh4pur (Gund-i-Shapur Punjab, vi, 18, 31, 63 q.v.), city, vi, 256 Jihun (Oxus q.v.) river, 146, 152, = Ras-Shapur, vi, 256 of i. 215, 219, 345. 375 ; ". foundation attributed to i^.igscq., 99, 229, 237,248, Ardshir Papakan, vi, 266 258, 311, 340, 390, 394, Jupiter, planet, i, 72, 161, 188, 281 399, 404 ; iii, 58, 159 ; ; ii, 115 ; iii, 318 ;

iv, 10, 12, 20, 53, 60, 79, iv, 143, 295 ; V, 256 ; vi,

153. 154. 157. 181, 184, 138, 172, 292 ; vii, 49,

187, 194, 255, 304 ; V, 12, 248, 357 ; viii, 28, 152,

29, 40, 45, 48, 203 ; vii, 157. 395 92, 165, 166, 180, 329, Justin I, Eastern Roman Em-

338, 340 ; viii, 94 99, peror, vii, 316 cnxr.R.ir. ixnnx 291

Justin II, Eastern Roman Em- K^bul—cohI. 212 peror, vii, ; viii, 41 146, 278, 283, 292 ; v, Justinian, Eastern Roman Em- 126, 170, 173, 224, 242, 16 peror, i, ; vii, 212, 219, 251, 260, 263 seq., 271,

317 ; viii, 41 273 seq., 284, 287 ; vi, into silkworm introduced 207 ; vii, 173 the West during reign of, Buddhism in, i, 15 vi, 204 superseded by Brahman- bargains of, with Nushfrw^n, ism, i, 16

vii, 214, 216 seq. dagger of, i, 219 ; vi, 320 protection of Harith bin Z41 visits, i, 256 Jabala by, leads to war Beauty of = RudAba, i, with Nushirwan, vii, 217 262, 316

successes of, in the West, monarch of =Mihrab, i, 294, vii, 217 365 closes the schools of Athens, rejoicings at, over Zal's vii, 280 successful embassy to Juya, a div, ii, 71 Minuchihr, i, 314 slain by Rustam, ii, 72 preparations at, to welcome Sam and Zal, i, 315

falchion of, 1, 376 ; ix, 98 K Shaghad sent to be brought up at, V, 264 Kaaba, the, i3g, vi, 65 king of, J57, V, 264, 271 account of, vi, 65 daughter of, marries Sha- Sikandar's expedition to, ghad, V, 264 vi, 67, 83, 119 Shaghad and, plot against Kabab, small pieces of meat Rustam, v, 265 seq. skewered together for gives a feast, v, 266 to with roasting, ii, 103 ; iii, 69 ; pretends quarrel 121 266 iv, ; v, 152 ; viii, 250 Shaghad, v, Kabisa, viii, 188 treachery of, v, 268 seq. Kabtun, king of Misr and the abases himself before progenitor of the Copts, Rustam, v, 269 vi, 121 entertains Rustam and in- welcomes Sikandar, vi, 121 vites him to hunt, v, praises Kaidafa to Sikandar, 269 vi, 122 hypocrisy of, v, 271 Kabiida, 147, one of Afrasiyab's Faramarz sent against, v, herdsmen, iii, 73 274, 27O slain by Bahram, iii, 74 defeated and put to death Kabul, Kabulistan (Afghanis- with all his kin, v, 277 tan), city and country, tribute of, question about, 141, 157, i, 57, 252, 264, V, 265 268, 277, 282, 283, 286, Faramarz makes a Zabuli 294, 298, 299 note, 300, king of, V, 277 entertained 302 seq., 316, 357, 378 ; monarch of, by ii, 12, 18, 21, 92, 228, 260, Bahram Giir, vii, 140 seq. in 271. 341 ; iii. 17. 35. 145, K4chir Bishi, city Turin, ii,

153. 165, 174, 186, 190, 258, 360, 361 ; vii, 330,

1 1 202, 206, 321 ; iv, 14, 65, 358 ; ix, 7 292 GENERAL INDEX

Kadisi, Kadisiya, town on one Kaian, throne, viii, 214 of the canals west of the race, viii, 217 Euphrates and south of crown, ix, 11, 105 Mashad 'AH (Nedjef), vi, Kaianiish (Ivataiiin), brother of

119, 330 ; ix, 5. 73. 74. Faridun, i, 90, 91, 158 77. 78 V, 261 battle of, i, 12, 143 ; ix, 5, referred to, i, 147, 165 67, 69 Purmaya and, summon the date of, ix, 67 smiths to Faridun, i, 158 canal of, ix, 69 go with Faridun against Rustam advances to, ix, 73 Zahhak, i, 159 Kac^asta (Urumiah q.v.), lake, attempt to kill Faridun, i, iv, 137 160 Kaf, mythical Mount Alburz Kai Arash, son of Kai Kubad,

q.v., ii, 83, 404 ; iv, 65, ii, 3, 23, 204. 205 ; vi, 66 216 149 ; viii, and note 197, 210, 228 ; viii, Kafur, king of Bidad, I4g, iii, 191 Kai Armin, son of Kai Kubad, worsts the Iranians, iii, 244 ii, 3- 23 slain by Rustam, iii, 245 Kaid, Indian king, 759, 161, i, desert Kahtan, of, i, 287 55 ; vi, 61, 83, 91 seq., Kahtan, the Arabic form of 112 Joktan, the progenitor of identical with Mandanes the southern Arabs, vi, (Dandamis), vi, 62 65, 120 consults Mihran about his

Kai, meaning of, ii, 8 dreams, vi, 92 seq. Kaian, Kaianian {see Kai), ii, 8, dreams of, interpreted by

9, 22, 404 ; iii, 5 seq., 9, Mihran, vi, 94, seq. 14, 43, 67, 112, 147, 307, Four Wonders of, 159, vi,

318, 320, 328, 342 ; iv, 94, 97 and note, 99 seq. 5 seq., 24, 33, 35, 65, no, daughter, 759, vi, 94, 100, 127, 150, 166, 175, 234, 102, 104 260, 262, 269, 273, 279, described, vi, 100, 102, 285, 286, 289, 293, 308, 104

319, 324 ; V, 7 seq.. ID, married to Sikandar, vi, 47. 49, 52, 54, 57. 59, 60, 104 67 seq.. 73 seq.. 79, 86, 91, reference in Sikandar's 97, 122, 168 203, 210, Will to, vi, 182 223, 253, 254, 282, 288. cup, described, vi, 94, 100 289, 291, 311 ; vi, 9 seq., 17. 34. 48, 55. 57. 59, 81, principle of, explained, 112, 125, 141, 179, 180, vi, 109 194, 199. 200, 202, 210, leech, vi, 94, 101 223, 237 note ; viii, 65, prescribes for Sikandar, 216 vi, 107 101 dynasty, i, 49, 373 ; ii, 7 sage, vi, 94, seq. ; iii, 5 seq. ; iv, 5 = Calanus, vi, 62 seq. ; v, 7 seq. ; vi, 9 seq. Sikandar's encounter of genealogical table, ii, 3 wits with, vi, 62, 104 birth-mark, ii, 372 seq. stature, ii, 375 explains the principle of saying, iv, 33 the cup, vi, 109 GENERAL INDEX ^03

Kiiid, soiuls his I'oiir Wonders Kaidriish, wife of, vi, 66 ami utluT gifts to Si- taken with his wifi-, by

k.imlar, \ i, 103 Sikandar, vi, 125 v with his wife before revival of, in legem!, i, 25O, brcjught 2G6 Naitkiin, vi, 126 prophecy of, vi, 256, 257, 267 sentenced with his wife to consulted by Ardshir Papa- death, vi, 126 k^n, vi, 266 pardoned with his wife, vi, advice of, to Ardshir Papa- 126 kan, vi, 267, 273 gratitude of, vi, 127 Kaiddfa (Cilicia), vi, 294, 297 returns to Kaidafa, vi, 127 Naitkun Kaidafa (Kandake, Candace q.v.), presents (Sikan- 159. vi, 83, 121 scq.. 325 dar) to Kaidafa, vi, 127 obtains Sikandar's portrait. Kaihan. See Kaid. vi, 122 K;u Kaiis, son of Kai Kubcid and praised by Kabtiin to Sikan- Shah, 143-147. I5~, 153. 8 dar, vi, 122 i, 42, 338 ; ii. 3. seq., 23 receives a letter from seq., 33 seq., 54 seq., 61 Sikandar, vi, 123 seq., 109, no, 127, 130, answers Sikandar's letter, vi, 233. 243 seq., 264, 269 123 seq., -2^2), 284, 286, 290, welcomes Kaidriish on his 296, 301. 316. 318, 319, return from captivity, vi, 335. 347. 361. 364, 371. 127 372. 383. 401 ; "i. 7. 9, receives Naitkun (Sikandar) 13, 14, 20 seq., 24, 30, 45, graciously, vi, 128 51, 84, 85, 88, 90, 93, 96, state of, described, vi, 128, 113,145,147,166,174,236, 130, 133 238, 239. 289. 307, 327 ; gives audiences to Naitkun iv, 13, 61, 129, 135. 136, (Sikandar), vi, 12S seq. 162, 167 seq., 185, 191, recognises Sikandar, vi, 129 199, 201, 203, 217, 218, seq. 232 seq., 254, 256 seq., 269 hears Sikandar's embassage, seq., 278, 287, 289, 290, vi, 129 292, 295 seq., 306, 310, covenants of, with Sikandar, 314, 321 seq. ; V, 29, 30, vi, 132, 138 116, 173, 174, 190, 203, warns Sikandar against 207, 208, 210, 215, 216; Tainiish, vi, 133 vii, 74, 107, 115; viii,

chides Tainiish, vi, 135 22, 104, 168, 270, 341 ; ix, takes counsel with Sikandar 25 about Tainiish, vi, 135 Reign of, 143, ii, 25 seq. approves of Sikandar's Notes on, ii, 25 seq., 79 scheme, vi, 137 seq., 118, 188 se^., 335 takes counsel with her visits Rustam, ii, 83 nobles, vi, 139 tempted by divs, ii, 30 scq., gifts of, to Sikandar, vi, 140 82, 102 scq. to Sikandar's final message to, goes Mount Kaf, ii, 83 vi, 143 defeats Afrasiyab and re- 100 Kaidriish (Kandaros, Candaules), gains fran, ii, son of Kaidafa (Candace), makes Rustam paladin of vi, 134. 135 paladins, ii, loi 294 GENERAL INDEX

Kai Kaiis, buildings of, on Kai Kaiis, requires Kai Ivhus- Mount Alburz, ii, 8i, loi rau to swear vengeanc^ flying-machine of, ii, 103 on Afrasiyab, iii, 21

fall of, from the sky, ii, 104 ; welcomes Giv and hears V, 174 his tidings of Kai Khus- repentance of, ii, 105 rau, iv, 234 hears of Suhrab and sum- gives a feast, iv, 234 mons his chiefs, ii, 136 deals with the captives, iv, seq. 235 bids Tus hang Rustam and proclaims the conquest of Giv, ii, 143 Tiiran and Chin, iv, 236 apology of, to Rustam, ii, rewards Giv, iv, 236 147 sends Giv back with letter encampment of, described, to Kai Khusrau, iv, 238 ii. 153 hears that Kai Khusrau is overthrown by Suhrab, ii, returning and goes with 160 the nobles to welcome

refuses to cure Suhrab, ii, him, iv, 256 178 receives gifts from, and hears attempts to console Rustam, the adventures of, Kai ii, 181 Khusrau, iv, 257 marries the future mother of gives a feast in honour of Siyawush, ii, 194 Kai Khusrau, iv, 257 receives Siyawush at court, counsels a pilgrimage to the ii, 198 temple of Azargashasp, bestows Kuhistanupon Siya- iv, 258 wush, ii, 199 Kai Khusrau and, hear from conduct of, in the case of Giidarz of Hum's adven- Siyawush and Sudaba, ii, ture with Afrasiyab, iv, 200 seq. 264 sends Siyawush to fight send for Garsiwaz and Afrasiyab, ii, 225 put him to the torture, rejects terms of peace and iv, 265 quarrels with Rustam, ii, make thanksgiving before 244 seq. Azargashasp, iv, 269 hears of the defection of go in state to the temple Siyawush, ii, 258 of Azargashasp, iv, 270 grief of, at the death of prays that he may die, iv, Siyawush, ii, 337 270 • hears of Kai Khusrau's of., iv, 271 obsequies " arrival in Iran, ii, 395 treasure of, called The " receives Kai Khusrau, ii, Bride bestowed by Kai 397 Khusrau on Giv, Zal, and rewards Giv, ii, 399 Rustam, iv, 295 provides for Farangis, ii, favour shown by I.uhrasp 399 to the grandsons of, iv, arbitrates between Tus and 318, 321 seq. Giidarz, ii, 403 seq. grandsons of, go with Zarir welcomes Kai Khusrau on to Rum, iv, 360 his return from the hail Gushtasp as Shah, iv, castle of Bahman, ii, 410 362 GENERAL INDEX 205

Kai Kai'is, Rustam's patent Kai Khusrau, tells his story to from, v, 203 I\ai Kaiis, ii, 397 Kai of Khusrau, son Siyawush praises Giv to Kai Kaiis, ii, and Farangis, Shah, 146- 398 to 154, 160, i, 42, 309 ; ii, goes Istakhr, ii, 399 3. 9, 25. 104, 189, 190, 334 enthroned as Shah, ii, 400, seq., 386 seq. ; iii, 13 seq., 411 47. 55. 57. 66, io6, 108, supported by Giidarz and in seq., 132, 134, 166, opposed by Tiis, ii, 400 173. 175. i8(J. 191. 197. seq. 198, 202, 205, 211, 226, letter of, to the defenders of

228, 238 seq.. 249, 250, the castle of Bahman, ii, 271, 277, 285, 286, 289, 407 294 seq., 326 seq., 338, establishes Fire-worship at 353 se^. ; iv, T seq., 19, 21, the castle of Bahman, ii, 30, 31. 36, 56 seq., 65, 66, 409 71, 72, 76 seq.. 90, 99, pardons Tiis, ii, 410 115, 144 seq., 152, 153, Reign of, 147, iii, 7 seq. 237 seq., 262, 267 se^., Notes on, iii, 7 seq., 108,

317 seq., 319, 321 ; v, 10, 191, 271, 285 seq. : iv, 12, 21, 39, 173, 188, 203, 7. 135 seq.

204, 208, 215, 284, 289 ; last link with the Vedas,

vi, 79. 177 ; vii, 120, 173, iii, 7 in of 359 ; viii, 148, 219. 270, longest respect sub- in 332, 392 ; ix, 25, 103 ject matter the poem, fravashi of, ii, 82 iii, 7 identical with Cyrus the divisions of, iii, 7 Great in legend, ii, 9, 190 episodes of, iii, 7 prophesies respecting, ii, 310, warlike character of, iii, 372, 390 8 birth of, ii, 325 seq. subject-matter of, iii, 8 account of youth of, ii, accession of, iii, 17 328 seq. goes on a hunting expedi- questioned by Afrasiyab, ii, tion, iii, 19 332 to the temple of Azar- dwells at Siydwushgird, ii, gashasp, iii, 20 333 swears to take vengeance on sent to Khutan, ii, 356 Afrasiyab, iii, 21 Machin, ii, 357 note prepares for war, iii, 23 described by Suriish, ii, 363 seq. Giidarz sends Giv to seek, offers reward for the head

ii, 364 seq. of l'alash4n, iii, 26 recalled, ii, 370 crown of Tazhav, iii, 27 found by Giv, ii, 370 slave of Tazhav, iii, 27 birth-mark of, ii, 372, iii, head of Tazhav, iii, 28 49 note burning the barricade at saves Pirdn's life, ii, 387 the Kasa riid, iii, 28 at the Ji'hun, ii, 391 seq. going on an embassage to arrives at Zam, ii, 394 Afrasiydb, iii, 29 visits Giidarz at Ispahan, warns Tiis to avoid Kaidt, ii. 396 iii, 39 295 GENERAL INDEX Kai Khusrau, hears of the death Kai Khusrau sends Giv to sum- of Farud and of the defeat mon Rustam, iii, 319 host to meet of the Iranians, iii, 84 sends the wratli of, with Tiis, iii, 84 Rustam, iii, 327 welcomes iii, seq.. Ill Rustam, 328 tree writes to Fariburz, iii, 84 jewelled of, iii, 329 Rustam to rescue disgraces Tus, iii, 86 requests imprisons Tus, iii, 87 Bizhan, iii, 330 Rustam's pardons Tus and the fran- releases Gurgin at ians, iii, 114 request, iii, 333 hears of the peril of the equips Rustam for his quest Iranians on Mount Ham4- of Bizhan, iii, 333 wan and summons Rus- welcomes Rustam on his

tam, iii, 142 seq. return, iii, 354 sends Rustam to succour rewards Rustam and his

the Iranians, iii, 145 comrades, iii, 356 furthers the suit of Fari- holds converse with Bizhan, burz to Farangis, iii, iii, 356 147 gives gifts to Manizha, iii, hears of Rustam's victory, 356 hears that the Turanians iii, 239 12 disposes of the captives and are invading Iran, iv, his iv, spoil, iii, 240 summons paladins, 13 sends gifts to Rustam and host, iv, 14 to the host, iii, 241 sends Rustam Hindustan, goes to meet Rustam on his iv, 14 to the return in triumph, iii, Luhrasp Alans, 267 iv, 14 gives a feast to the chiefs, Ashkash to Kharazm, iv,

iii, 268 15 rewards Rustam, iii, 269 Gudarz to Turan, iv, 15 holds a court and hears of orders Gudarz to negotiate the doings of the div with Piran, iv, 15 letter from Akwan, iii, 273 receives Gudarz, writes to summon Rustam, iv, 58 rewards the bearer, iii, 274 Hajir, g les to welcome Rustam on iv, 58 his return from slaying prays for victory, iv, 58 the div Akwan, iii, 282 sends Hajir with answer, rewards Rustam, iii, 283 iv, 61 hears at a feast of the case leads a host to aid Gudarz,

of the Irmanians, iii, 289 iv, 62

calls for volunteers, iii, 291 referred to, iv, 85 sends Bi'zhan and Gurgin to presage of, that Piran would Irnian, iii, 292 be slain by Gudarz, iv, S^, comforts Giv for the loss 88 of Bizhan, in, 315, 318 reaches Gudarz, iv, iii, 126 and the imprisons Gurgin, iii, 317 receives Gudarz 126 promises Giv to consult the other champions, iv, divining-cup about Biz- Gurwi brought by Giv han, iii, 317 before, iv, 127 GESERAL INDEX 297

Kimsrau, lainonts uvcr K':ii Klnisrau, sends Karan with I'iraii, iv, 127 a reply to Sliida, iv, i().S buries Pirau and the Tur- arms to fight witli Sliida, anian ohani[)i()ns, iv, 128 iv, 171 puts Cuirwi to deatli, iv, 1^9 makes Ruhham his stand- rewards the host, iv, 129 ard-bearer, iv, 171 gives Ispahan to Gudarz, sends instructions to the iv, 129 host, iv, 171 pardons the Turanian host, parley of, with Shida, iv, iv, 131 172 amulet of, iv, 133 accepts Shida's challenge heals Gustaham, iv, 133 to a wrestling-bout, iv, summons reinforcements, 175 iv, 134, 145 gives Ruhham charge of his Great of with War , Afrasiyab, steed, iv, 175 152, iv, 135 seq. wrestles and overthrows exemption of, from death, Shi'da, iv, i 75 iv, 138 instructs Ruhham to bury recalls the troops under Shida, iv, 176 / Luhrasp, Kustam, and spares the life of Shida's Ashkasli, iv, 145 interpreter and bids him stations Tiis on his right return to Afrasiyab with with Kawa's standard, iv, tidings, iv, 176 146 prays for vengeance on, and gives the right wing to Rus- attacks, Afrasiyab, iv, 178 tam, iv, 147 bids Shammakh attack, iv, left wing to Gudarz, iv, 180 147 attacks with Rustam from commands to various the centre, iv, 180 chiefs, iv, 148, 149 fights with Ustukila, fla and hears of Afrasiyab's passage Burzuyala, iv, 182 of the Jihiin, iv, 157 returns to camp, iv, 183 sends troops to the aid of hears of Afrisiyab's retreat, Gustaham, son of Nau- iv, 184 dar, at Balkh, iv, 157 offers praise to God, iv, 184 Ashkash with a host to pursues Afrasiyab, iv, 185 Zam, iv, 157 seq. marches to Kharazm, iv, 157 marches to Sughd, iv, 188 surveys the seat of war and hears tidings of Afrasiyab, entrenches the host, iv, iv, 188 157 sends Gustaham, son of Shida's embassage to, iv, 161 Naudar, to Chacli, iv, 188 sends Karan to welcome Rustam to encounter Sliida, iv, 165 Tawurg, iv, 188 proposes to figlit in single marches from Sughd and combat, iv, 166 reduces the Turkman rejects the frdnians' sug- strongholds, iv, 189 gestions of a peace, iv, to the Ciulzaryun, iv, 189 167 commands the centre, iv, accejjts Shi'da's challenge, 191 iv, 168, 169 prays for victory, iv, 191 298 GENERAL INDEX

Kai Khusrau, hears of the defeat Kai Khusrau, repulses Afrasi- of Kurakhaii by Gusta- yab's night-attack, iv, 225 ham, son of Naudar, iv, defeats Afrasiyab, iv, 227 193 receives the submission of hears of Rustam's defeat Afrasiyab's army, iv, 228 of Tawurg, iv, 193 gives a feast, iv, 228 warns Rustam to beware of offers praise to God, iv, 228 Afrasiyab, iv, 194 returns to Gang-bihisht, iv, plunders the camp of, and 228 pursues, Afrasiyab, iv, accepts the submission of the 195 Khan and Faghfiir, iv, 229 besieges Gang-bihisht, iv, resolves to pursue Afra- 198, 208 seq. siyab to Gang-dizh, iv, converses with Rustam, iv, 231 198, 199, 222 plan of, opposed by the host, receives Jahn in audience, iv, 231 iv, 200 supported by Rustam, iv, decUnes Afrasiydb's pro- 231 posals for peace, iv, 207 agreed to by the host, iv, with Rustam, Gustaham 232 son of Naudar, and Gii- sends Giv with Afrasiyab's darz, assails Gang-bihisht captive kindred to Kai on all sides, iv, 208 seq. Kaiis, iv, 232 seq. prays for victory, iv, 208 leaves Gustaham, son of takes Gang-bihisht by storm, Naudar, in command at iv, 2og seq. Gang-bihisht and marches searches vainly for Afra- to Chin, iv, 238 siyab, iv, 212 demands facilities from the gives the spoil of Gang- Khan, the Faghfiir, and bihisht to the troops, iv, the king of Makran, iv, 217 238 grants quarter to the Turk- marches through Khutan, mans and assumes the iv, 240 government of Turan, iv, welcomed by the Faghfiir 217 and the Khan of Chin, iv, dwells for a while at Gang- 240 bihisht, iv, 218 stays three months in Chin, leaves Giidarz and Farhad iv, 241 at Gang-bihisht, iv, 219 leaves Rustam in Chin and marches against Afrasiyab, marches to IVIakran, iv, iv, 220 241 rejects Afrasiyab's over- sends an embassy to the tures, iv, 223 king of Makran, iv, 241 to fight a general engagement gives honourable burial against Afrdsiydb, iv, 223, the king of Makran, iv, 226 243 entrenches his troops and stops the pillage of Makrcin, prepares with Tiis and iv, 243 Rustam for a night-at- stays a year in Makran, iv, tack from Afrasiyab, iv, 244 224 makes ready a fleet, iv, 244 GENERAL INDEX >99

Kai Kluisrau, leaves Ashkash as Kai Khusrau, prays for satis- governor and marches to faction on Afrasiyab, iv, the desert, iv, z\\ 253 voyage of, iv, J45 dwells for a year in Gang- wonders of, iv, 245 bihisht, iv, 254 lands, iv, 246 desires to return to Kai appoints Giv governor, iv, Kcius, iv, 254 246 leaves Gustaham, son of receives the submission of Naudar, as viceroy, iv, the chiefs, iv, 247 254 seeks for tidings of Gang- carries off treasure from dizh and of Afrasiyab, iv, Chin and Makran, iv, 254 247 arrives at Chach, iv, 255 marches to Gang-dizh, iv, Sughd, iv, 255 247 met by Khuzan and Tali- forbids his troops to injure man, iv, 255 Gang-dizh, iv, 247 makes offerings to the Fire- enters Gang-dizh, iv, 248 temple at Bukhara, iv, searches for Afrasiyab, iv, 255 248 crosses the Jihun, iv, 255 remains a year at Gang-dizh, arrives at Balkh, iv, 255 iv, 249 welcomed everywhere by urged by his paladins to the people, iv, 255 return to Iran, iv, 249 goes by Talikan, the Marv- appoints a governor for riid, Nishapur, and Dam- Gang-dizh, iv, 249 aghan to Rai, iv, 255 distributes treasures at stays two weeks at Kai, iv, Gang-dizh, iv, 250 256 marches seaward from Gang- announces his approach to dizh, iv, 250 Kai Kaus, iv, 256 welcomed by Giv, iv, 250 goes to Baghdad and thence crosses the sea to Makran, to Pars, iv, 256 iv, 251 reception of, by Kai Kaus, welcomed in Makran by Ash- iv, 256 kash and the chiefs, iv, presents gifts, and tells his 251 adventures, to Kai Kaiis, appoints a governor for iv. 257 Makran, iv, 251 has a feast given in his marches to Chin, iv, 251 honour by Kai Kaus, iv, welcomed by Kustam, iv, 257 251 rewards the troops, iv, 258 confirms the Faghfiir and takes counsel with Kai Kdus Khan in the possession of concerning Afrasiyab, iv, Machin and Chin, iv, 252 258 goes with Rustani to Siya- goes with Kai Kaus on a pil- wushgird, iv, 252 grimage to the temple of rewards Kustam and Giv, Azargashasp, iv, 25S iv, 252 Kai Kaus and, hear from welcomed by Gustaham, son Giidarz of Hum's adven- of Naudar, iv, 252 ture with Afrdsiyab, iv, goes to Gang-bihisht, iv, 253 264 300 GENERAL INDEX

Kai Khiisrau.and Kai Kaus, send Kai Khusrau, treasure of, dis- for Garsiwaz, and put him posal of, iv, 294 to the torture, iv, 265 found by Sikandar, 160, shiys Afrasiyab, iv, 26S vi, 176 Garsiwaz, iv, 269 charge of, to Giidarz, iv, 294 Kai Kaus and, make thanks- gifts of, to Giv, Zal, and giving before Azargash- Rustam, iv, 295 asp, iv, 269 Gustaham, iv, 295 treasurer of, makes gifts to Giidarz, iv, 295 Azargashasp, iv, 269 Fariburz, iv, 295 sends letters announcing Bizhan, iv, 295 his triumph to all the Zal's companions, iv, 297 chiefs, iv, 270 confirms Rustam in pos-

holds festival and bestows session of Nimruz, iv, 297 ; treasure, iv, 270 V, 203 goes with Kai Kaiis in state bestows Kum and Ispahan to the temple of Azar- on Giv, iv, 298 gashasp, iv, 270 confirms the charge of performs the obsequies of Kawa's flag, and gives Kai Kaus, iv, 271 Khurasan, to Tus, iv, 300 assumes the crown as sole summons and crowns Luh- Shah, iv, 272 rasp, iv, 300 becomes world-weary, iv, Zal's protest to, against 272 Luhrasp's succession to, closes his court and with- Iv, 301 draws to his oratory, iv justifies his choice of Luh- 274 rasp, iv, 301 prays that he may be taken takes leave of the franians, from the world, iv, 274 iv, 303 passes a week in prayer, iv, women of, lament for him, 274, 279 iv, 304 remonstrated with by the commends his women to the nobles, iv, 275, 279 honour of Luhrasp, iv, 305 replies to the nobles, iv, 276 dismisses the Iranians, iv, 279 305 passes five weeks in prayer, counsels Luhrasp, iv, 305 iv, 280 bids Luhrasp farewell, iv, hears from Suriish that his 306 prayer is granted, iv, sets forth on his pilgrimage 280 with some of his chiefs, bidden to appoint Luhrasp iv, 306 as his successor, iv, 281 Indian parallel, iv, 138 puts off his royal robes, iv, again appealed to by the 281 franians, iv, 306 receives Zal, Rustam, and reply of, iv, 307 others in audience, iv, 283 bids his chiefs return, iv, 307 seq. rests with his remaining pardons Zal, iv, 291 chiefs by a spring, iv, 307 orders an assembly to be prepares for his passing, iv, held on the plain, iv, 308 291 farewells his chiefs, iv, 30S CKXERir. i\i)r:x 301

Kai Khusrau, warns his chiefs Kaiwan, calculates the arrears of of the coming of the snow, taxes, vii, 1 1 iv, 308 Kakula, Turanian hero, iv, 188 disappears, iv, 308 reinforces Afrisiydb, iv, 188 Kai Kubad, Shah and founder Kdkwi ((/. Karkwi), grandson of of the Kaianian dynasty, Zahhak, 141, i, 226 the 142, i, 42, 373, 374 ; ii, 3, attacks Iranians, i, 225 8, 12, 14, 16, 18 seq., 26, defeated and slain by Minii- 33. 34. 36. 37. 87, 143, chihr, i, 227 144, 249, 260, 270, 274, Kalahur, warrior of Mdzandaran,

3^7. 336. 363. 390, 394 ; ii, 67 tries a with iii, 34, 49, 51. 57, 144 ; handgrip Rus- iv. 35. 70. 149. 16S, 201, tam, ii, 07

283, 298, 302 ; V, 174, Kalat, stronghold, iii, 39 ; ix, 91 180. 188, 189, 202, 205, home of Farud, iii, 39 to 210, 221, 272 ; vi, 197, Kai Khusrau bids Tus

210 ; vii, 37, 74, 115, 120, avoid, iii, 39 Tiis 173 ; viii, 89, 170, 260. marches to, iii, 40 the 270, 310, 332 ; ix, 25 captured by Iranians, brought by Rustam from iii, 66 Mount Alburz, i, 382 seq. Kalat-i-Nadiri, stronghold, ii,

tells his dream to Rustam, 189 ; iii, 14

i. 385 described, iii, 14 accepted by Zal and the Kale (Nereis), daughter of Alex- other chiefs as Shah, i, 387 ander in the Pseudo-Cal- Reign of, 142, ii, 1 1 listhenes, vi, 77

Note on, ii, 11 Andreas, the cook, and,

origin of, ii, 1 1 and tiote legend of, vi, 77 makes peace with Afra- Kalila and Dimna, Book of, 769. siyab, ii, 20 See Fables of Bidpai. gifts of, to Zal and Rustam, Kaliniyus (Nicephorium, Callini- ii, 21 cus, Wari'gh q.v., Rakka), descendants of, commanded city situated at the junc- by Dilafruz, stationed on tion of the Belikh and the Kai Khusrau's left hand, Euphrates, i6y, viii, 188 iv, 147 taken by Niishirwan, vii, Kai Manush, vi, 200 218, 257 Kai Pasliln, son of Kai Kubdd, Kalu, mountain in Turan, ii, 328' Khusrau ii, 3, 23, 204, 205 ; iv, Piran sends Kai 302 to be brought up on, ii, Kais, Arab chief, entertains 328 Khusrau Parwiz, viii, goes to see Kai Khusrau 250 at, ii, 329 Kaiser Friedrich Museum, viii, Kalus, Ruman chief, iv, 356 192 sent as envoy to Ilyas, iv, Kait. See Kaid. 352. 358 Kai Ugf, vi, 200 laihrasp, iv, 357 Kaiwan, franian statistician, vii, entertained by Luhrasp, iv, 1 1 357

" " ' Misprinted Kalur 302 GENERAL INDEX

Kalus, describes Gushtasp to Kangha (Kharazm q.v.), country, Luhrasp, iv, 358 ii, 189, 190 dismissed with honour, iv, Kangde? (Gang-dizh q.v.), 359 stronghold, ii, 189, 190 Kamus, Turanian hero, 148, 149, Kanir. See Tainush. near the iii, 107, 151, 152, 161, 162, Kannuj (Kanauj), city of the 164 seq., 168 seq., 172, 176, west bank Ganges in the division of in 178, 181 seq., 200, 207, Agra 209, 213, 216, 224, 229, the United Provinces of 232. 235, 241, 242, 251, British India, i, 261, 357 ;

252, 256, 268, 269 ; iv, iii, 35 ; iv, 278, 283, 284 ;

220 ; vi, ; 297 ; V, 167, 199, V, 257 64, 207, 352 Story of, of Kashan, 148, iii, vii, 115, 119, 123, 128, 108 seq. 129, 134, 137, 3''^5, 3^^. Firdausi on, iii, 269 390. 393. 425 comes to the aid of Piran, conquest of, by Mahmud, 100 and note. iii, 151 i, 99, of of, 113 plan campaign no adopted, iii, 162 Sikandar reaches, vi, leads the attack, iii, 168 river of, vii, 112 and note, hears of the coming of Rus- 390 of = vii, tam, iii, 175 monarch Shangul, Rustam described by Piran 140 heir to, iii, 183 Bahram Gur appointed challenges Rustam, iii, 187 to, vii, 143 district north parleys with Rustam, iii, 188 Karabagh (Arran), fights, and is taken prisoner of the Aras, i, 9 of Fire-wor- by, Rustam, iii, 1S9 seat primitive end of, iii, 190 ship, i, 56 on Kanabad, mountain, part of the Karakh-Maishan, town built Binalud range north of the lower Tigris by Ardshir Nishapur in Khurasan. Papakan, vi, 199, 291 The name may be preserved noie in the modern Gunabad, Karan, son of Kawa, franian a village to the north of hero and the mythical that range, iv, 23, 37, 47, progenitor of a family in Ashkanian 48, 51. 55. 56, 76, 88, 112 famous occupied by Piran, iv, 22 times, 141, i, 207, 211, 214 Kand. See Kaid. seq., 344. 345. 3^5 ; ". Kanda Gashasp, Iranian war- II seq., 18, 22, 119 ; iii. rior, viii, 103, 122, 163 9; iv, 14G ; vi, 194; 168 speech of, viii, 166 viii, ; ix, 85 of the Kandahar, city in southern takes the Castle

286 i, Afghanistan, i, ; iv, Alans, 223 seq. note his success to Mini'i- 65 ; V, 233 reports Kandake (Candace q.v., Kaidafa chihr, i, 225 Naudar's host, q.v.), vi, 66 commands Kandaros. See Kaidrush. i. 345 Kandaules. See Kaidrush. tells of his encounter with Kand-i-Shapiir. See Gund-i- Afrasiyab, i, 350 Shapiir. counsels Naudar, i, 353 GENERAL IXlJliX 3"3

Karan, son of Kawa, with KarimAn. Iranian hert) and groat- Shidi'ish and Kishwad, pur- great-grandfather of Kus- sues Kurakhan, i, 354 tam, ii, 4, i_'5and note, defeats and slays BdrniAn, V, 202 i. 354 KdristAn, viii, 188 defeats Wisa, i, 357 Karkh, suburb of Baghdad, iv,

meets and defeats Shama- 147 ; ix, 85 sis, i. 361 Arab defeat at, ix, 85 bears to Zav the news of Karkh = Khurram Ab4d (?), vi,

his election as Shah, i, 3-'7 370 Karkwi {cf. Kakwi), a descend- re-appearance of, in legend, ant of Zahhak, i, 290 iv, 135, 146 attacks Sam, i, 290 slain made champion of the host, by Sam, i, 291 iv 149 Karma'il and Irma'il, Zahhak 's sent by Kai Khusrau to cooks, 140 welcome Shi'da, iv, 165 device of, i, 146 - - - - bears Kai Khusrau's answer Karnamak i Ardshir i to Shida, iv, 168 Pipakan, Pahlavi text, opposes and defeats Jahn, vi, 14 note, 61, 198, 301,

iv, 178 325 ; vii, 380 family, of, vii, 171 account of, vi, 195 glorification of, vii, 170 resembles Yatkar-i-Zari-

origin of, vii, . 185 ran, vi, 196 rivalry of, with Mihran, purport of, vi, 196 vii, 185 portion of Shahnama cor- Karan, mountain, the name responding with, vi, 196 given from the above compared with, vi, 200 hero to part of the Al- seq., 205 seq., 255 seq. burz range which lies Firdausi and, vi, 196 between Mount Dami- polo episode in, vi, 196 wand and Amul and Karnapr.ivaram :s, vi, 80 formed his principality, Karpan (Karap q.v.), v, 14 and that of his descend- Karsan, viii, 188, 232 ants as late as and after gates of, shut against Khus- the Muhammadan con- rau Parwi'z, viii, 252 quest, V, 112 walls of, fall down, viii, 253 Karan, Iranian chief, tonp. Yaz- Khusrau Parwiz stays at, dagird, son of Shapiir and viii, 253

Bahram i, Gur, vi, 394 ; Karshipta, mythical bird, 235 vii, 86, 90 Karsiyun, Turanian hero, iv, 10 Karan, mountain-chief, viii, Karun, mountain. See Karan. 189 Kariin, river joining the Shat al Karap (Karpan), v, 17 Arab at its delta, vi, igg meaning of, v, 14 note Kara su, river, v, 14 dam on, vi, 295 Karaz, viii, 252 and note. Kdsa rud (Kashaf q.v.), river,

Kargascirs, a wild tribe, i, 253 147, iii, 28, 68, 69, 71. 72.

and note, 277, 279, 286, 82, 105 ; iv, 90 barricade at 290, 294, 298, 319, 340 ; the, iii, 29 ii, 98; iii, 318 bi^rnt by Civ, iii, 73 304 GENERAL INDEX

Kashaf (Kasa riid q.v.), river in Katayun, eldest daughter of north-eastern Khurasan, Caesar, iv, 348

i, 235, 296 Story of, 154, iv, 329. seq story of the dragon of, i, 296 marriage of, iv, 329 seq. seq. dreams of Gushtasp, iv, 329 Kashan (Kasan, town in Farg- sees and chooses Gushtasp hana, north of the Jax- for her husband, iv, 330 artcs ?), iii, 108, 151, 170, marries Gushtasp, iv, 331 177, 180, 181, 188, 192, sells a jewel, iv, 332 discovers that is 204, 207, 224, 237, 242 ; Gushtasp of iv, 189 ; V, 39 ; vii, 331, royal race, iv, 340 334 persuades Gushtasp to go Kamiis of, Story of, 14S, iii to the Sports on Caesar's 108 seq. riding-ground, iv, 349 in Turan, iii, 108 Caesar reproached by Gush- in fran, iii, 109 tasp for his unkindness to, man of=Kamus, iii, 189 iv, 350 Kashan, city between Ispahan reconciled to Caesar, iv, 351 and Kum, iii, 109 referred to, iv, 358 Kashmar. See Kishmar. receives gifts from Caesar, iv, Kashmigan, son of Farrukhzad, 363 ix, 92 goes to Iran with Gush- Kashmihan, place north-east of tasp, iv, 364 Marv, vii, 89 sons of, v, 32 Bahram Gur's victory at, counsels Asfandiyar, v, 168, vii, 90 175 Siifarai's victory at, vii, 170 ancestry of, v, 205 note, 176 Asfandiyar's last message

Kashmir, country, i, 113 ; ii, 271, to, v, 249 over v, 338 ; iii, 35. 152,237,251 ; laments Asfandiyar,

iv, 14, 60, 65 ; V, 263 ; 252 vii, 395, 396, 421 consoled by Bishiitan, v, 255 120 king of, vi, 31 Katib, Arab chief, vi, 21, 65, monarch of, entertained by Katmara, Iranian hero, iv, 92 of the Bahram Giir, vii, 140 seq. put in command right Kastantaniya (Constantinople), wing, iv, 92 Kaus. viii, 265 Kaus, Shah. See Kai Kastarit. See Kyaxares. brand-mark of, iii, 291 Kaswin. See Kazwin. Kaus, son of Shah Kubad, vii, Kat (Ivath), one of the two 316 12 capitals of Kharazm Kavarazem (Gurazm q.v.), v, (Gurganj being the other) Kavi (Kai), ii, 8 situated on the right Usa, ii, 25 bank of the Oxus, iii, 152 Kavi (Kavig), v, 14 Katayi'in (Nahid), daughter of Kavig (Kavi), v, 17 Caesar, wife of Gushtasp, meaning of, v, 14 and mother of Asfandiyar, Kavi Husravah (Kai Khusrau

154. I5^K ii, 3 ; iv, 34^ ; q. v.), iv, 137, 138 V, II, 253 Kdvya Ushana (Kai Kaus, q. v.)

referred to, i, 55 ; v, 205, ii, 25 3 249. 252 Kavyan (Kaian), ii, GENERAL INDEX 3^5 the Kawa, smith, 140, i, 155 seq., Khdlid, recalled to lead Syrian

207, 214 ; iv, 165, 178 ; campaign, iv, 66

vii, 185 ; viii, 72 ; ix, 30 Khallukh (c/. Khalaj), iv, 10, Zahh4kand, Story of, 140, i, 156; v. 42, 44, 55. 61, 74, 154 seq. 90, 107, 112, 157, 242, 255 revolts and goes to Faridun, Khdn of Chin, the, temp. Kai i. 157 Kai'is, ii, 383 leads I'aridun's van, i, 160 temp. Kai Khusrau, 148, 149, flag of, i, 143, 160. 211, 217, iii, 108, 160 seq., 164 seq.,

218, 237, 332 ; ii, 12, 227, 172, 175 seq., 181, 184, 341. 349. 354. 400, 402, 1S7, igoseq., 196, igSseq.,

405, 406, 410 ; iii, 25, 38, 205, 207 seq., 215, 217, 221 39, 48, 84, 85, 116, 121, 222, 226 seq., 235, 241, 126, 129, 135 seq., 149. 242, 251, 252, 256, 268, 161 ; iv, 24, 25, 34, 55, 320 ; iv, 60, 135, 2385^5. ; 59, 92, 112, 146, 180, 226, V, 199, 220 of = 243, 282, 292, 359 ; vi, Khan Chin Arj asp, v, 47, 51,

347 ; vii, 250 ; viii, 385 ; 72 ix, 30, 67 temp. Sikandar, ambassadors origin of, i, 157 from, come to Dara, vi, 35 Bizhan's prowess with, iii, temp. Bahram Gur, 165, vii, 93 49, 91. 93. 97. loi, I" half of, taken by Piran, invades Iran, vii, 84 iii, 94 responds graciously to the staff of, cloven by Piilad- franians' embassage, vii, wand, iii, 258 88 Tiis confirmed in charge gives himself up to pleasure of, by Kai Khusrau, iv, at Marv, vii, 88 300 fate of, in war A^ith Bahram rescued by Gira.mi,v, 59,69 Giir, vii, 5, 90 Kawian, standard, i, 211 crown of, placed in a Fire- Kazirim, town west of Shiraz, vi, temple, vii, 95 199 Khushnawaz, son of, vii, Kazwi'n, city north-west of Tih- 165 ran, v, 30 temp. Nushirwan, 16S, vii, 1S6, Kerdtor. See Tainiish. 328 seq. ; viii, 43, 52, 87, Keresasp, Keresaspa, Iranian 89, 97 5^^. to hero, i, 234, 235, 373 ; ii, 4 daughter of, married account of, in the Zanda- Nushirwan, 16S, vii, 213, vasta, i, 172 357 later of development of, i, 174 historically ruler the Kcresavasda (Garsiwaz q.v.), ii, Turks, vii, 317

1S9 ; iv, 137 relations of, with Nushir- Khalaj (Kharlikh), a Turkish wdn, vii, 88 tribe dwelling north of the the Haitalians, vii, 317, Jaxartcs and cast of 328 seq. Tdshkand, vii, 92 embassy of, to Niishirwdn, Khalid, famous Arab general vii, 329 temp. Muhammad, v, I2 hears of the destruction of begins hostilities against his embassy by the Hai- Persian Empire, ix, 66 tdlians, vii, 330 VOL. IX. u 3o6 GENERAL INDEX

Khan of Chin, leads forth his Khan of Chin, marriage of troops, vii, 330 daughter of, with Nushir- defeats the Haitahans, vii, wan referred to, viii, 72 332 letter of, viii, 77 Nushirwan takes counsel dismissed by Hurmuzd with about, vii, 333, 334 gifts, viii, 152 descent of, from Afrasiyab refuses advances of Bahram and Arjasp, vii, 334, Chiibiiia, viii, 153 Nushirwan writes to, vii, becomes friends with Bah- 337 ram Chubina, viii, 172 purposes to invade Iran, vii, brother of, 173, viii, 190, 191 337 reports flight of Curdya, hears of Nushirwan's ad- viii, 351 vance, vii, 338 ordered to go in puisuit, takes counsel, vii, 338 viii, 331 sends embassy to Nushir- parley of, with Giirdya, wan, vii, 339 viii, 3.52 hears his envoy's account daughter of, viii, 190 of Nushirwan, vii, 344 killed by lion-ape, 173, offers to make affinity with viii, 322, 324 Nushirwan, vii, 345 queen of, viii, 190 attempts to outwit Nushir- asks Bahram Chubina to wan, vii, 351 avenge her daughter, viii, gives audience to Mihran 324 Sitad, vii, 351 disgraced, viii, 344 invites Mihran Sitad to welcomes Bahram Chubina, choose a wife for Nushir- viii, 316 wan, vii, 352 swears friendship with Bah- consults the astrologers, vii, ram Chubina, viii, 317 354 dominated by Makatiira, entrusts his daughter to viii, 317 Mihran Sitad, vii, 354 advised by Bahram Chubina gives presents to Mihran to slight Makatiira, viii, Sitad, vii, 356 318 parts with his daughter at views fight between Bahram the Jihiin, vii, 356 Chubina and Makatiira, daughter of, 16S viii, 320 described, vii, 352, 357 sends gifts to Bahram Chu- evacuates territory, vii, bina, viii, 321 358 refuses to give up Bahram Khan of Chin {see too Parmuda), Chubina, viii, 329 temp, Hurmuzd, Khusrau distrust Bahr4m Chu- I'arwiz, and Yazdagird, bina, viii, 334 171. 173, viii, 141 seq., impress of seal of, obtained 190, lyi, 204, 215, 220, by Kharrad, viii, 338 263 seq., 306, 316 seq., burns Kuliin's kindred, viii, 342 seq., 346 seq., 351, 334 in vain for 352. 356, 357. 3(>3 ; ix, seeks Ivharrad, 87, 102 viii, 344 supposed war of, with Hur- mourns for P.ahram Chu- muzd, viii, 72 bina, viii, 344 GENERAL ISDEX 307

Khan of Chin, brother of, 77J Kharrad, son of Barzin (Hur- = Bizhan, ix, 97 muzd Gan'ibzin or Galab- Kh^nagf, Ruman noble, viii, 375, zin), iyi-iy3, viii, 74, 76, 378 iSSseq., 205, 225, 257 seq.. leads Cajsar's to embassy 269, 270, 331 scq., 381 ; Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 374 ix, 4, II, 12, 24 Khusrau Parwiz' gifts to, sent by Hurmuzd as envoy viii, 382 to S4wa, viii, no returns to Rum, viii, 382 beguiles S4wa and flees, viii, Khin-i-lrman (Arman q.v.), iii, III 290 flight of, reported to Sawa, Khanjast (Chijast, Urumiah), viii, 112 lake in Azarbaijan, iv, counsels Bahram Chubina, 282 121 136, 2O4 ; viii, viii, Khar (Khuvar) of Rai, district seeks, refuge, viii, 123 and town (now Aradun), counts Iranian slain, viii, so called to distinguish 127 it from a town of the same blames and counsels Bahram name in Pars, situated Chubina for his behaviour

south-east of Tihran, i, to Parmuda, viii, 144, 368, 374, 381 146 Kharazm (Khiva), country, ii, questions Bahram Chubina the 189, 190 ; iv, II, 12, 15, on his adventure with 60, 61, 72, 137, 173, 186, onrger, viii, 15S flees Balkk with arch- 287 ; vi, 72 ; vii, 238, from 359 scribe, viii, 159 of Kharazmians, people, ii, 190 ; makes report Bahram vi, 72 Chubina to Hurmuzd, viii, Kharijites, Muhammadan sect, i, 160 13 real name of, viii, 190

Kharrad, Iranian hero, i, 365 ; waits on Khusrau Parwiz, ii. II, 22, 33, 73, 340; viii, 252 iii, 115. 127, 139, 211, speech of, to Caesar, viii, 259,

273, 289 ; iv, 15 275 Kharrad, nonce name assumed masters Caesar's talismans, by Asfandiydr, v, 146, viii, 274, 275 140 Ca^sar's gift to, viii, 278 Kharrad, temp. Ardshir Papa- praised by Ca\sar, viii, 279 kdn, Iranian warrior, 161, made chief minister, viii, 314 vi, 284 speech of, to Khcin, viii, 332 takes Ardawcin prisoner, vi, attempts to prejudice Bah- 228 ram Chubina to the Kh^n, temp. Bahrim Gur, frdnian viii, 333 chief, vii, 85 intrigues against BahrAm temp. Kubid son of Piruz, Chubina, viii, 334 secj. cures of of archimage, vii,=207 daughter queen temp. Nushirwin (?) the Chin, viii, 336 above, vii, 251 incites Kulun to kill Bahram Kharrad. sacred Fire, vi, 212 Chubina, viii, 337 and note, 226, 391 asks boon of queen of Chin, Kharrad. bower of, vii, 83 viii, 33'"^ 3o8 GENERAL INDEX

Kharrad, returns to fran and is Khazarwan parleyed with by rewarded, viii, 345 Mihrab to gain time, i, reads out Caesar's letter to 358 slain 18 Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 376 by Zal, i, 360 ; ii, end of, ix, 4 Khazarwan, temp. Bahram Giir, chosen to visit Khusrau king of Gilan, vii, 85 Parwiz at Taisafun, ix, 9 takes the Khan prisoner, Ashtad and, parley with vii, 90 Galiniish, ix, 1 1 Khazarwan, franian noble, temp. visit Khusrau Parwiz, ix, Khusrau Parwiz, speech 12 of, viii, 241 report to Shirwi, ix, 27 Khazra, treasure, viii, 406 and Kharrad, franian general, de- note feats Khazars, viii, 96 Khilafat, the, i, 12 seq.

Kharrad, father of Hurmuzd, ix, Khil'at, robe of honour, i, 82 102 Khir, place on the south-western Khashash, Turanian hero, v, 47 shore of Lake Niris in made leader of the van, v, Pars, vi, 198 46 Khisr (Al Khidr, q.v.), chief and Khata (Cathay), northern China, prophet, vi, 159 ii. 357 goes with Sikandar to the Khatlan (Khuttal), a general Gloom, vi, 159 name for the non-Muham- parts company with Sikan- madan regions to the dar, vi, 160 north and east of Khura- finds the Fount of Life, vi, = 160 san ( Haital ) , more specifically a district on Khiva (Kharazm), country, ii, the right bank of the 190 upper Oxus west of, or Khorasan. See Khurasan. forming part of, Badakh- Khshathro-saoka (Gang-dizh ?),

shan, iii, 218, 228 ; iv, stronghold, ii, 189, 190

65 ; vii, 94, 331, 359 Khudai-n4ma (Bastan-Nama), i, of of 66 Khatun, consort the Khan ; V, 24 Chin, vii, 5 Khurasan, province in north- fate in of, war with Bahram eastern fran, iy6, ii, 399 ;

Giir, vii, 5 iv, 148, 203 ; V, 28, 77 ;

Khawar, the West or Khura- vi, 242, 301 ; vii, loo, san ? = ( ) , perhaps Khar 214, 224, 237, 335 ; viii, q.v., iv, 147, 148. Cf. 78, 94, 241, 313, 355, 369; Karan (mountain). ix, 59, 69, 87, 88, 92 Khazar, Khazars, region and Narsi made ruler of, vii, people north of the Cau< 99 1 casus, i, 7 ; ii, 285 ; iv, governor of, viii, 75

71.316, 352 55^., 358, 361 ; prince of, viii, 173 Maliwi vii, 83, 214, 224 ; viii, becomes master of, 94. 377. 379 ix, 114 invasion of, viii, 72, 93 Khurasan, chieftain, viii, 241 defeated, viii, 96 speech of, viii, 240 Khazarwan, Turanian hero, 142 Khurasani. See IMakh. Shamasas invade Zabu- 88 and, Khurdad, amcshaspenta, i, ; listan, i, 345, 358 iii, 287, 328 GENERAL INDEX 309

father of Khiirdad, month and day, i, 88, Khusrau, Khazarwan,

I5() ; vii. 11^, 225, 351 ; viii, 241, 29O (?) of viii. J 5. 173 Khusrau Parwiz, son Hur- Khurm, seat of an oracle, vi, 82 muzd, Shdh, iyi-175, v, note UR-aning of, \-i, Sj 294, 306 ; vi, 3 ; viii, oracle of, consulted, vi, 184 71, 74, 170, 173, 174, i8i, Khurra-i-Ardshir. See Ardshir 182, 191 seq., 216, 304, Iv hurra. 306, 316, 334, 335. 342. Khurram Abad (Karkh ?), city, 358. 367 seq., 395 note, note 1 1, vi, 327, 357 and note 413 ; ix, 4 seq., 88 26 Khurshi'd, genius and day, i, ; 12, 25, note, 30, 31, 33 V, 92 note seq., 38 seq., 45 seq. Khurshid, Iranian chief, viii, horse of, story of, viii, 91 270, 296 Hurmuzd plots to kill, viii. Khushnawaz, ruler of the Haita- 174 lians, 166, vii, 194, 198, flees, viii, 175 adherents 359 ; viii, 75, 168, 242, gather round, 245. ^67 viii, 175 Piruz advances against, vii, swear fealty to, viii, 176 164 goes to Baghdad, viii, 184 writes to Piruz, vii, 165 visits Hurmuzd in prison, appeals to Bahram Giir's viii, 185, 198, 230 treaty, vii, 166 extensive historical con- prayer of, to God, vii, 167 quests of, viii, 187 in digs a trench, vii, 67 materials for reign of, defeats Piruz by a feint, vii, Shahnama, viii, 187 168 flight of, historical, from correspondence of, with Ctesiphon, viii, 188 in Siifarai, vii, 174 seq. affects Christianity exile, defeated by Siifarai, vii, viii, 188 177 helped on terms by Emperor takes refuge in Kuhandizh, Maurice, viii, 188 vii, 177 historical campaign of, sues for peace, vii, 178 against Bahrim Chvibina, releases Kubad, Ardshir, and viii, 189 at other captives, and gives visits of, to Fire-temple up the spoil, vii, 180 Shiz, viii, 190, 283, 307, Khusrau, Shah. See Kai Khus- 312 rau. Nu'man bin Munzir exe- Khusrau, Iranian noble, 163, cuted by, viii, 190 164, vi, 408 triumphal arch of, viii, elected Shah in succession 192 to Yazdagird son of Shi- Assurbanipal and, reigns of, 1 1 pur, vi, 395 ; vii, compared, viii, 193 proposes that Bahrcim Gur fall of, historical account of, shall begin the ordeal, vi, viii, 193 seq. 409 attempts of Heraclius to does homage to BahrAm Giir, make peace with, viii, 194, vi, 410 195 honoured by Bahram Cair, treatment of defeated gen- vii. 10 erals by, viii, i<)4 3IO GENERAL INDEX

Khusrau Parwiz, prediction con- Khusrau Parwiz, accepts Casar's cerning, viii, 194 offer, viii, 269, 270 Reign of, 796, viii, 186 seq. welcomes Niyatiis and Note on, viii, 186 seq. Waryam, viii, 280 Hurmuzd's requests to, viii, marches to Diik, viii, 282 1 99 Mausii anil, viii, 283 spies' report of Bahrain returns to Duk, viii, 284 Chubina to, viii, 201 Dara Panah goes over to, takes counsel, viii, 202 viii, 286 marches to meet Bahram forges letter to Bahram Chubina, viii, 203 Chubina, viii, 286 interview of, with Bahram sends corpse of Kut to Chubina, viii, 204 seq. Csesar, viii, 291 attacked by Turk and saved decides to fight without by Gustaham, viii, 220 Ruman help, viii, 292, 293 dissuaded from making a arrays his host, viii, 293 night-attack, viii, 224 resolves to fight in person, troops of, tampered with by viii, 295 Bahram Chubina, viii, bodyguard of, viii, 296 226 leaves Bahram in charge of sends away his baggage, host, viii, 296 viii, 228 flees from Bahram Chubina, combat of, with Bahram viii, 298 Chubina, viii, 228, 229 saved by Suriish, viii, 299 retreats to, and holds, the returns to Niyatiis and bridge of Nahrawan, viii, Maryam, viii, 299 228 suspected of Christian ten- worsts Yalan-sina, viii, 229 dencies, viii, 308 flees to Taisafiin, viii, 229 gives banquet to Niyatiis counselled by Hurmuzd, and Riimans, viii, 309 viii, 230 restores captured cities to prepares to flee, viii, 231 I^iim, viii, 312 takes refuge in a shrine, makes Ivharrad, son of Bar- viii, 233 zin, chief minister, viii, arrives at Babil, viii, 249 314 entertained by Kais, viii, 250 proclamation of, viii, 314 Mihran Sitad, viii, 251 demands extradition of Bah- town of Karsan and, viii, ram Chubina, viii, 328 252 advised to send envoy to interview of, with Hermit, Khan, viii, 329 viii, 254 resolves to put Bandwi to warned against Gustaham, death, viii, 354 viii, 255, 256 summons Gustaham, viii, welcomed by Caesar, viii, 355 257 hears of Gurdya's doings, takes up his abode at viii, 356, 358 Warigh, viii, 257 writes to Gurdya viii, 359 instructs his embassy to hears of the death of Gusta- Cassar, viii, 257 ham, viii, 362 Caesar offers daughter to, welcomes Gurdya to court, viii, 266 viii, 362 GENERA f. rXDF.X 3TT

Kliusraii Parwiz, Giinlya (Iri'sses Khusrau Parwiz, sends Farrukh- up to please, viii. 303 zad to the host, viii, warned by Shirin against (iiinlya, \iii, 304 hears Kubad proclaimed makes Cjiialya overseer of Shah, viii, 416 royal bower, viii, 364 arms and hides in ganlen, oppresses Rai, viii, 365 viii, 417 relieves Rai, viii, 368 palace of, plundered viii, organizes the realm, viii, 3G9 418 seq. discovered, viii, 419 puts to death adherent? of holds talk with Farrukhzad, Bandwi and Ciustaham, viii, 420 viii, 370 recalls former presage, viii, consults astrologers on birth 420 of Shirwi, viii, 372 imprisom-d, viii, 421 grieved at Shirwi's horo- duration of reign of, viii, scope, viii, 372 421 , consults the high priest, charges against, ix, 4, 5, 9, viii, 372 10 writes to Caesar, viii, 373 reply of, to charges, ix, 5, Caesar's embassy to, viii, 14 seq. 374 Haram of, ix, 4, 5 gives Caisar's gifts to Shi'rwi, last days of, Theophanes' viii, 381 account of, ix, 6 presents to Khanagi, viii, Shirwi's treatment of, ix, 7 3S2 sons of, executed, ix, 7, 35 and Shirin, ix, 7 imprisoned at Taisafiin, ix, Story of, 174, viii, 382 seq. 9 equipage of, for the chase, companioned by Shirin, ix, viii, 384 29 married to Shirin, viii, 386 Barbad visits, ix, 29 justifies his marriage, viii, laments over, ix, 30 388 steed of, ix, 30 gives gilded chamber to son of, ix, 31 Shirin, viii, 389 referred to, ix, 33 and tiote displeasured with Shirwi, kingdom of Hira abolished viii, 390 by, ix, 66 and throne of Takdis, viii, Muhammad's letter to, ix, 391 seq. 66 palace of, story of, viii, 400 Khusrau and Shirin, Persian seq. poem, viii, 192 Farghan and, viii, 401 seq. Khusrau, father of Piruz, 175, imprisons Riiman artificers, vii, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 57 viii, 402 Khusrau, a miller, ij6, ix, 99. releases Riiman artificers, See Miller. viii, 403 Khutan, town and district in treasures of, viii, 406 eastern Turkistan, 146, Guraz intrigues against, viii, ISO, ii, 277, 288, 325, 357,

408 383 ; iii, 107. 242, 247 ;

device of, against Gurdz and iv, 26, 219 ; vii, 84, 115, Caesar, viii, 409 330. 334. 35'J 31^ GENERAL INDEX

raided Khutan, by Giv, iii, 247 Kings, Book of, Firdausi's, i, 43 1 1 monarch of, iv, i IVrsian, viii, 73 Afrasiyab, iv, 230 Tribal. See Tribal. Kai Khusrau marches Kirman, region in southern Iran,

through, iv, 240 15S, iv, 146 ; vi, 31, 47, people of, make submission 57. 59. 199. 202, 205, 245, to Nushirwan, vii, 360 252 ; vii, 214 ; viii, 313 Khuza' Arab tribe, vi, 63 Dara retires to, vi, 46 rule of, ended by Sikandar, etymology of, vi, 204, 236 vi, 120 Ardshir Papakan's invasion Khuzan, a king of Pars, iv, 146, of, vi, 205, 245 191 Kirmanshah, title, vi, 313, 368 meets Kai Khusrau in Kirmanshah, city between Bagh- Sughd, iv, 255 dad and Hamadan, vii, of Khiizians, people Khuzistan, 187 ; viii, 192 q.v., iv, 146 Kirmanshahan, city in Kirman, Khuzistan (Susiana, 'Arabistan), south of Yazd, vi, 368 province at the head of Kirwan (Karwan, district north the Persian Gulf, vi, 290 of Jaxartes ?), ix, 93 and note, 298, 327, 357 ; Kirwi, Iranian noble, vii, 23 viii, 109 and note, 193 story of, vii, 22 annexed by Arabs, ix, 68 Kishmar, plape south of Nisha- Khuzra, treasure, ix, 20 pur in the Kuhistan dis- Khvaituk-das, i, 60 trict of Khurasan, v, 35 Catullus on, i, 60 Cypress of, v, 27 Khyons (Hvyaonas), v, 13, 25 account of, v, 28, 34 Kibchak, region east of the Jax- Gushtasp and, v, 34 ates and north of Tash- Kishwad, Iranian hero, father of kand, iv, 254 ; ix, 93 Gudarz, 151, i, 207, and note Kibtfs, vi, 397 344. 365 ; ii. 4. II. 12, Kimak, a river in Kibchak, iv, 18,22, 33, 70, 73, 107, 112, 203, 231 138. 318, 384, 399, 404,

Kimmerians, the, i, 17 409 ; iii, 19, 24, 33, 45, Kinam-i-Asiran, near to, or iden- 100, 121, 123, 126, 143, tical with, the ruins of 154, 187, 215, 289, 302, Shiis (Siis, Susa), vi, 327, 305. 308, 311, 327, 339; 357 and note iv, 20, 32, 35, 63, 147, King, the ideal, iii, 16 174, 180, 263, 294, 310, of kings, title of, vi, 193, 197 360, viii, 104 meaning of, in Achae- Karan, Shidiish, and, pursue menian and Parthian Kurukhan, i, 354 times, vi, 198 sent by Zal to release the assumed by Ardshir Papa- Iranian captives, i, 367 kan, vi, 193, 199, 254, Kishwaristan, Iranian hero, iv, 258, 273 148 of the Commons, vii, 3 commands the troops from piece in chess, vii, 382, 385 Barbaristan and Rum, iv, position of, vii, 388, 422 148 check to, vi', 422 Kisra, Shah, 166. See Nushir- mate to, vii, 423 wan. in piece nard, vii, 382, 389 Kitradad, Nask, i, 373 GENERAL INDEX 3^5

Knathaiti, Pairika, female per- Kub4d, imprisoned, vii, 184 sonification of idolatry, i, escapes, vii, 184, 197 172 marriage of, vii, 1S4, 1S6, Kobad, Shah. See Kubad. 198 Ktesias, Greek historian (5th gives his wife a signet-ring, century B.C.), vi, 13, 68 vii, 198 of cedes to the Hai- legend Cyrus in, ii, 9 ; vi, Chaghdn 195 talians in return for their Gutschmid on, vi, 195 help, vii, 198 account of Scmiramis in, v, goes to Ahwaz, vii, 19S 293 hears of the birth of Nushir- Persica of, v, 293 wan, vii, 199 Kubad, Iranian hero, brother of marches on Taisafun, vii, Karan, 142, i, 207 199

acts as Minuchihr's scout, i, pardons the Iranians and 217 Jamasp, vii, 200 parleys with Tiir, i, 217 makes Rizmihr chief minis- accepts Barman's challenge ter, vii, 200 to single combat, i, 347 wars of, with Riim, vii, 187, 200 dissuaded by Karan, i, 347 reply of, i, 347 takes cities from Rum, vii, fights and is slain, i, 348 200 Kubad, Shah. See Kai Kubad. makes his capital at Ma- Kubad, son of Piriiz and father da'in, vii, 201 of Nushirwan, Sh4h (Ko- builds a city and hospital, 1 bad), 166, vi, 3, 208 ; vii, 20 vii, 179 seq. and note, 226, drought in reign of, vii, 201 201 247 ; viii, 25, 46, 72. 168, Mazdak and, vii, 1S4, 169. 245, 265, 285, 312, seq.

369 ; ix, 22, 25 Mazdak's parable to, vii, captivity of, among the 201 Haitalians, vii, 160 converted by Mazdak, vii, leads the rearguard in the 184, 204 war with the Turkmans presides over the disputa- (Haitalians), vii, 164 tion between Nushirwan taken prisoner, vii, 168 and Mazdak, vii, 207 released, vii, 180 gives judgment against Maz- made Shah instead of Bal- dak, vii, 208 ash, vii, 182, 188 hands over Mazdak and Reign of, 166, vii, 183 seq. his followers to Nushir- Note on, vii, 183 seq. wan, vii, 208 historical sketch of, vii, repentence of, vii, 209 183 testament of, vii, 210, 316 title of, viii, 183 and note age of, vii, 210 reform of taxation by, vii, death of, vii, 210 183 note, 215 sons of, vii, 316 of with the help of Shdpur of Kubdd (Shirwi q.v.), son Khus- Kai overthrows and puts rau Parsviz and Maryam,

Sufarai to death, vii, 191 Sh4h, lys, viii, 190, 196 ; seq. ix, 3 seq., 9, 11, 12, 14, 24, dethroned, vii, 184, 195 3^. 47. (^4 314 GENERAL INDEX

of Kubad (Shi'rwi'), secret and public Kuhram, commands one wing names of, viii, 371, /|i6 the host, V, 46 proclaimed Shah, viii, 416 in chief, v, 56 imprisons i\liusr,ui Parwiz, sent by Arja;s[) to attack viii, 421 Balkh, V, 90 accedes to throne, viii, 421 troops of, storm Balkh, burn Reign of, 175, ix, 3 the Fire-temple, and slay Note on, ix, 3 Zarduhsht and the priests, tragic, ix, 3 V, 92 pestilence during, ix, 3 stationed on the left, v, 95 boorishness of, ix, 3 mortally wounds Farshid- difficult situation of, ix, 3 ward, v, 95 reproached by his sisters, ix, appointed by Arjasp to send 7 away the spoil of Balkh Kubad, son of Jam son of Kubad, in the charge of his vii, 316 younger brothers, v, loS plot to make, Si\ah, vii, 316 commands the right, v, no Kubard, Turanian hero, iv, 190 defeated by Asfandiyar, v, commands the left, iv, 190 no in for Kiich, tribe or town (Kuk ?) bidden to prepare war, Kirman, ii, 226 V, 151 Kufa, city west of the Euphrates retreats to the Brazen Hold, and in the neighbourhood of V, 152 Mashad 'AU (Nedjef), viii, mistakes Bishutan for As-

190 ; ix, 68, 69 fandiyar, v, 152 wood of, vi, 381 hears the cries of the Iran- founded by Sa'ad, ix, 67 ian watch from the Brazen Kiih, nonce name assumed by Hold and takes counsel Human, iii, 198 with Andariman, v, 155 Kuhandizh (Baigand q.v.), vii, makes for the Brazen Hold 177 with his troops, v, 156 Khiishnawaz takes refuge in, pursued by Asfandiyar, v, vii, 177 156 Kuhila, Turanian hero, iv, 181 encountered and taken slain by Minuchihr, iv, 181 prisoner by Asfandiyar, Kuhistan, generally a mountain- V, 157 ous region, particularly executed, v, 15S and note that of northern Iran, Kujaran, city and province on Parthia, or of the high the Persian CJulf, vi, 205, ranges further south, but 206, 232 in the Shahnama = Ma Haftwid migrates from, to wara'u'n-Nahr (Transox- stronghold, vi, 235 brother ania), ii, 199 Kulbad, Turanian hero, Kuhram, Turanian hero, 13T, ii, of Piran, 146, 131, i, 92,

349 342 ; ii, 18, 264, 388 ; chosen to fight with Barta, iii, 166, 177, 198, 199, 205,

; iv, 97 ; V, 29 210, 222, 231, 234, 252 26 » slain by Barta, iv, 103 iv, 10, Kuhram, brother or son of Ar- wounded by Zal, i, 361 in jksp, 156, v, 29, 58, 89 death and revival of, seq., 10b seq., 112, 141, 159 legend, ii, 119 GENERAL INDEX 3^5

Kiilbid, pursues Kai Khusrau, ii, Kurakhdn. son of Afrasiyiib, i,

377 *'•'/• ! <>2 ; iv, 10 chosen to figlit with I'ari- counsels Afrasiyab, iii, 301 burz, iv, <)7 summoned and sent with shiiu by Fariburz, iv, yy troops to Bukliara by Kuluu, Turauian hero, i, 382, 387 Afrasiyiib, iv, 154 sent by Afrasiyab to inter- joined by Afrasiyab, iv, 186 cept Rustam, i, 3S3 defeated by (iustaham son slain by Rustam, i, 386 of Naudar, iv, 193 Kulun, Turk in league with defeat of, announced to Kharrad against Bahram Afrasiyab, iv, 194 Chubina, Jyj, viii, 335 Kurakhan, governor of Balkh, incited by Kharrad to kill viii, 22 note Bahr4m Chubina, viii, 337 Kuran, vi, 65 ; viii, 277 ; arrives at Marv by help of ix, 81 aiul nule 166 Khan's seal, viii, 339 quoted, i, 99 ; v, ; viii,

seeks interview with Bah- 42, 192 ; ix, 81 and note ram Chubina, viii, 339 references to Alexander the stabs Bahram Chubina, viii, Great in, vi, 15, 78, 84 340 legend of Moses and the maltreated, viii, 340 salt fish in, vi, 77 kindred of, burnt, viii, 344 Gog and Magog in, vi, 78 Kum, city in 'Irak 'Ajami, Kurd, Kurds, the people of between 161 Tihran and Ka- Kurdistan q.v., , i, 9 ; shan, ii, 399 vi, 193, 203, 257 bestowed on Giv by Kai language, i, 64 Kaus, ii, 399 legend of the origin of the, Kai Khusrau, iv, 298 i, 146 Kumar, city or cape in India, ii, Ardshir Papakan 's war with, 103 and note in Karnamak, vi, 196, Kundrav, minister of Zahhak, 206, 256 140 Shahuama, vi, 230 seq.

mythological origin of, i, 143 Kurdistan, mountainous region Faridiin and. Story of, 140, north of Mesopotamia, vi, i, 164 330 goes to Zahhak with tidings Kurdzad, daughter of Mihrak of Faridun, i, 165 q.v. Kundur, Turanian hero, iii, 152, Kuria Muria Islands, off the of 185, 210, 215, 251 ; v, southern coast Arabia, 112, vi, 72 worsted by Rustam, iii, 224 Kurukhan, Turanian warrior, i, stationed on the right, v, 94 353 Kunduz (Kuhandizh, Baigand sent by Afr4siy4b to attack q.v.), iv, 151 Pars, i, i^i Afrasiydb encamps at, iv, Kurus, Indian tribal race, iv, 151 388 marches from, iv, 154 Kus, i, 177. See Tammi'sha. Kur (Cyrus), river in Transcau- Kiit, Ri'iman warrior, 772, viii, casia flowing into the 281, 289, 291 Caspian sea, v, 13 slain by Bahram Cln'ibfna Kuraish, Arab tribe, vi, 65 viii, 290 3i6 GENERAL INDEX

Kiit, corpse of, sent back to Lahhak, Farshidward and, re- Rumans, viii, 291 ferred to, iv, 118, 120, 126 Kutch (read Kuch q.v.), iii, 34 repose themselves, iv, 121 Kutib, father of Husain (or corpses of, brought back Ha'iy) one of Firdausi's by Bizhan, iv, 126,

patrons, i, 35 ; ix, 121 132 Kyaxares (Kastarit), king or deaths of, announced to chief and leader in the Afrasiyab, iv, 152 confederacy that over- Lambak, a water-carrier, 164

threw Nineveh, i, 18 entertains Bahram Giir, vii, 13 seq. rewarded by Bahram Cnir, vii, 20 Land of Darkness. See Gloom. Labarum, the, v, 306 tioie Land-tax, Mahmiid's remission Ladaa (Pashan), battle of, iii, of, vi, 196, 208 13 seq., 80 seq., 89 seq., Nushirwan's reform of, vii,

123 ; iv, 27. 37, go, 120, 215, 225 299 Latin version, early, of Pseudo- Lagus, Ptolemy son of. See Callisthenes. See Julius Ptolemy. Valerius. Lahhdk, Turanian hero, brother Launderer, a, foster-father of of Piran, 132, i, 92 ; ii, Darab, 15S, v, 292 323 7wie ; iii, 90, 166, finds Dar4b in the Farat, v,

198 ; iv, 7, 71, 122, 125, 295 133, 160, 162 Darab adopted by, and his summons Piran to save wife, V, 297 Farangis, ii, 322 quits his home with wife pursues the Iranians to and D4rab and settles Mount Hamawan, iii, 135 elsewhere, v, 298 commands with Farshid- becomes wealthy but ward the right wing, iv, 26 sticks to trade, v, 29S attacks the Iranians in perturbed at Darab's youth- flank, iv, 82 ful escapades, v, 298 opposed by Gurgin, iv, 83 brings up Darab to be a goes to help Piran and cavalier, v, 299 attacks Giv, iv, 85 Darab's lack of natural prowess of, iv, 86 affection for, v, 300 put in chief command with wife of, informs Darab of Farshidward, iv, 94 his case, v, 300 Piran's instructions to, iv, Rashnawad sends for, and 95 his wife, v, 304 ^ Farshidward and, hear of the informed by, of the case death of Piran and the of Darab, v, 308 coming of Kai Khusrau, visits, with his wife, D4r4b iv, 112 at his accession, v, 311 lament for Piran, iv, 112 dismissed with gifts, v, 312 take counsel with the host, Lazhawardi, fort, ix, 93 iv. 113 Lazica, region on the eastern fight, and escape from, shore of the Black Sea, frdnian 116 outpost, iv, vii, 215 ; viii, 194 GENERAL INDEX 317

Lazic war, renewed by Hur- Luhrdsp, successes of, iv, Co, muzd, viii, 76 71 Bahram Chiibina defeated troops of, recalled, iv, 145 in, viii, 76 nominated by Suriish to be Leech of Kaid, i^g. See Kaid. Kai Khusrau 's successor, Legend, Syriac Christian, of iv, 281 Alexander. See Syriac. crowned by Kai Khusrau,

Leo, constellation, ii, 405 ; iii, iv, 300 81, 318; vi, 172, 180; Zal's protest against the succession vii, 410 ; viii, 122, 394 of, iv, 301

Libra, constellation, i, 310 ; vi, succession of, justified by 97 Kai Khusrau, iv, 301 Life, Fount of. See Fount. acknowledged by Z41, iv, Water of, 160 .Id. 302 Plutarch's, of Alexander the the chiefs, iv, 303 Great, vi, 67 undertakes to respect Kai Lion, lions, slain by Rakhsh, 143, Khusrau 's wives, iv, 305 ii. 45 counselled and farewellod Asfandiyir, 156, v, 125 by Kai Khusrau, iv, 306 Bahram Gur, 163-165, vii, addresses the chiefs, iv, 311 55. 77 receives the fealty of Za! -ape, IJ3, viii, 322 seq. and other chiefs, iv, 312 Lion's House, constellation of praises and rewards ZaI, Leo. i, 188 iv, 312 Irion's Mouth, the, place, iv, 245 coronation of, iv, 312 Loadstone, chamber of, viii, 275 Reign of, 154, iv, 314 seq. suspended cavalier in, \'iii, Note on, iv, 314 seq. 275 harangues the chiefs, iv, 316 Longimanus (Dirazdast), title of makes Balkh his capital, iv, Artaxerxes I, son of Xer- 317 xes, V, 281 builds the Fire-temple of Lucerne (Medicago sativa), tax Barzin, iv, 318 on, vii, 215 shows favour to the grand- Liich, perhaps = Kuch q.v., vii, sons of Kai Kai'is, iv, 318, 362 321 seq. captives from, settled at refuses to appoint Gush- Siirsan, vii, 328 tasp his heir, iv, 319 sends Zarir in of Luhrasp, Shah, 134, 155, i, 42 ; pursuit

ii, 3. 9 ; iv, 57. 65, 135. Gushtasp, iv, 320 337. 347. 356 seq. ; v, 10, pardons Gushtasp, iv, 322 20, 21 and note, 26, 29, hears of Gushtasp 's fiight, 36, 38, 64. 68, 80, 86, 87, iv, 323 90 seq., 98 seq., 104, 114, consults Zarir and the sages, 141, 154, 155, 157, 159, iv, 323 160, 1O7, 171, 180, 183, searches in vain for Gush- 205, 208, 243, 255, 281. t4sp, iv, 324 200 receives Caesar's en- 284 ; vi, 55, ; viii, K^lus, in 95. 148, 213, 270, 392 ; voy, audience, iv, 357 ix, 104 entertains Kalus, iv, 357 sent to the Aldns by Kai consults Zarir, iv, 358 Khusrau, iv, 14 questions Kaliis, iv, 358 3ii GENERAL INDEX

Luhrasp, dismisses Kaliis with M'CrindIc, Ancient India of, honour, iv, 359 quoted, vi, 68, 80 sends Zarir with other chiefs Mada. See Medes. on a mission to Rum, iv, Mada'in, Ctesiphon (Taisafun), 359 and the neighbouring messasje of, to Caesar, iv, 361, cities, i6y, iy4, vii, 201, welcomes and crowns Gush- 244, 266, 272, 337, 363 ; tasp on his return to viii, 4, 46, 192, 193 Iran, iv, 364 Nusliirwan sends his Ruman resigns the throne to Gush- captives to, vii, 259 tasp and becomes a de- palace of Khusrau Parwiz votee, v, 31 at, story of, viii, 400 converted by Zarduhsht, v, Madik, king of the Kurds, mean- 33 ing of, vi, 203, 256 advises Gushtasp to resign Madofryai, mountain, part of the kingship to Asfan- the Alburz range, south- diyar, v, 66 east of the Caspian, v, 30 opposes Kuhram, v, 91 Magi, priests of the Medes

slain, V, gi, 93, 99 (Mada), i, 9 ; ii, 190 ; vi, to Asfandiyar's vow avenge, 372. 373 ; vii, 171, 184 V, 103 preservers of tradition, i, 56, Lumsden, his edition of the 60

Shahnama, i, 76 meaning of name, i, 56 and Luna. See Moon. note

rise to power of, i, 58 influence of, declines after

M the Greek conquest, i, 59 principal seats of, i, 60

Ma, Hittite vi, literature of, i, 61 = goddess, 71 Cybele, vi, 71 language of, i, 64 priestesses of = Amazons, vi, compile the prose Shah- 71 nama for Abii Mansur, i, Macan, his edition of the Shah- 69 of next-of-kin nama, i, 76 ; vi, 60 advocates

Mace, Faridun's, i, 161, 163, 165, marriage, ii, 1S9 168 Magian, Magians, vii, 60 the making of, i, 158 chant, vii, 60 Macedonia, vi, 81, 82 fire, vii, 409 Macedonian invasion of the East, Magic, i, 51 vi, 68, 6g derivation of, i, 56 Machin (China), ii, 357 note, 370, sympathetic, i, 8 11 394 ; iii. 46. 253, 265 ; Magism, v, iv, 151, 203, 229, 231, 234, Magog. See Gog.

252 ; V, 142, 145 ; viii, Magophonia, import of, i, 59 See 417 ; ix, 107 Magus. Magi. Machine, flying, of Kai Kaus, ii, Mahabharata, Indian Epic, iii, 8 80 103 ; iv, 316 ; vi, 31, Macrianus, Praetorian prefect, vi, the passing of the five P4n- 294 davas in, compared with treachery of, to Valerian, that of Kai I^husrau, iv, vi, 294 138 GENERA L IXDEX 319

Mdh Afrid, grandmother of Mahmiid— cunt.

Miniichihr, i, 205 135 seq., 139 ; V, 30, 89, of vi. Mah Afri'd, deiughter Ti'ir, iv, 118, 262 ; 20, 107, 279,

304 292, 370 ; vii, 277 ; ix, Mkh Afrid, daughter of Barzin, 122 vii. 53 Firdausi's feeling against, married to Bahram Giir, i. 33 ; vi,62, 92 se^. and note vii, 53 Satire on, i, 23, 40 seq. Mah Azar, scribe, viii, 81 alleged ill treatment by, Mahan, Iranian noble, v, 260, 263 i, 33. 36 seq. : vii, 431 Mahbiid minister of (Mebodes), alleged repentance of, i, 45 ; Kubad and Nushirwan, iv, 8

16S ; vii, 213 occasion of, iv, 8 instrumental in making approves of Firdausi's ver- Nushirwan Shah, vii, 316 sion of the fight between Niishirwan's treasurer, vii, Rustam and Ashkabiis, 319 iii, 109 sons of, vii, 319 remission of the land-tax by, serve Nushirwan's meals, vi, 186, 208 vii, 319, 321 Mahraspand, father of Adarbad, wife of, prepares Niishlr- V, 16 ytote vvan's food, vii, 321, 322 Mahrwi, viii, 248 envied = by Zuran, vii, 319 Mahwi ( Shahwi ?), one of fall of, vii, 317, 322 Firdausi's authorities, i, Nushirwan's repentance 67 ; vii, 382 with regard to, vii, 317, Mahwi, Persian chief, iy6, ix, 325 70. 74. 89. 95. 97. 100 seq., Mah i-Azada Khu, wife of Tur, i, 118 1S8 described, ix, 87 meaning of, i, 188 note Farrukhzad entrusts Yaz- Mahiyar, minister of Dara, dagird to, ix, 95 murders Dara, vi, 52 accepts charge of Yaz- tells Sikandar of the mur- dagird, ix, 96 der, vi, 52 becomes disaffected to Yaz- arrested by Sikandar, vi, 53 dagird, ix, 96 executed, vi, 56, 88 writes to Bizhan, ix, 96, 116 Mahiyar, Iranian noble, vii, 38 betrays Yazdagird, ix, 97, praises Bahram Giir, vii, 38 98, 116, 117 Mahiyar, a jeweller, 16^, vii, 55 quest of, for Yazdagird, ix, secj. 100 daughter of. See Arzii. has tidings of Yazdagird, ix, entertains Bahram Giir, vii, lOI. 59 seq. consults his warriors, ix, 106 Mahmiid, Sultan (A.D. 999- son of, counsels, ix, 107 1030), i, 100; iii, 15; receives Balkh and Marat, viii, 24 ix, 115 account of, i, 21 governor of Marv, ix, 120 - brothers of, i, 21, 114 put to death with his Firdausi's praise of, jjq, sons, ix, 120 161 152. 155. ^56, 160, ; sends miller to slay Yaz- i, 2Q seq., 112 seq.; iv. dagird, ix, 107, 116 320 GENERAL INDEX

Mahwi, sends troops after miller Makatiira, slighted by the Khan, with instructions, ix, 107 viii, 31S troops of, strip corpse of challenges Bahram Chii- Yazdagird, ix, 108 bina, viii, 319 hears of death of Yazda- fight of, with Bahram Chii- gird, ix, 108 bina, viii, 320 bids miller throw corpse of Makh, viii, 71, 78 Yazdagird into stream, Makhzum, place, 93 ix, 108 Makna Bad, city, iii, 109 slays monks, ix, 113 Makran (Gedrosia, Baluchistan), consults his intimates and country on the shore of

minister, ix, 113 the Arabian Sea, ii, 80, advised his by minister, ix, 82 ; iv, 136, 203, 231,

113 234. 237 seq., 254 ; vi, claims the throne on false 182, 202, 397 ; vii, 390 ; pretences, ix, 114 viii, 393, 417 becomes master of Khura- king of, /jj, iv, 238 seq. san, ix, 114 refuses facilities to Kai evil rule of, ix, 114 Khusrau, iv, 239, 242 makes war on Bizhan, ix, buried by Kai Khusrau, "5 iv, 243 conduct of, to Barsam, ix, Kai Khusrau marches upon, 117 iv, 241 crosses Oxus and camps at stops pillage of, iv, 243, BaiEjand, ix, 118 244 flees, ix, 118 prepares a fleet in, iv, 244 overtaken by Barsdm, ix, sails for Gang-dizh from, 118 iv, 245 captured by Barsam, ix, 119 returns to, iv, 251 put to death by Bizhan, ix, goes to Chin from, iv, 251 120 Alexander the Great's re-

Mai, city in Turkistan, i, 252, turn by, productive of

256, 261 ; iv, 278, 284 ; marvels, vi, 6g vii, 91, 331, 385, 421 etymology of, vi, 69 Mai, king of Hind, vii, 395, 396, Malcolm, Sir John, identification 399, 4" I. 403. 404 and description of Mount

Maidan, riding-ground, i, 83 Sipand by, i, 236 ; v, 30 Maidhyo-maungha, cousin and version of Suhrab by, ii, first convert to Zarduhsht, 118 V, 17 on the scene of the death of Mail of Siyawush, iii, 58, 60, 61, Bahram Gur, vii, 6 81 of 69, ; iv, 40, 41, 44, Malika, daughter Tair, vi, 3, 45. 51 324 referred to, iv, 42, 43 legend of, vi, 323, 330 seq. Maishan (Mesene), a small state offers to betray her father's on the lower Tigris, vi, 199 stronghold to Shapiir, vi, Majijj (Magog), 160. See Yajiij. 331 Makati'ira, Turkman chief, iy3, makes the garrison drunk, viii, 317 vi, 333 dominates the Khan, viii, opens the gate to Shapiir, 318 vi, iii CnXHRAL jxniix 3-:i

Malika, goes to Shdpur's camp, Manizha, wakes Bizhan in Afrasi- vi. 333 yab's palace, iii, 300 Mamigonian, Armenian family, holds revel with Bizhan, iii, viii, iSS 300

M4mun, Khalifa, i, 14 ; vii, 382, disgraced, iii, 309 430 made Bizhan's attendant, jNIan, the First (Gaiumart q.v.), iii, 310 i. 5 referred to, iii, 318, 319

on the nature of, ijg, i, 104 hears of the arrival of Rus- of Sigz (Kustam), ii, 100 and tam's caravar, iii, 337 >iote interviews of, with Kustam, nole Man, weight, i, 290 and ; iii. 337. 34^ viii, 148 and note, 314, 399 bears Rustam's ring to Manachihr, i, 206 note Bizhan, iii, 340 Manda, nomads, i, 18 kindles signal fire for Kus- confused with the MadA tam, iii, 344 18 (Medes), i, ; vi, 194 receives gifts from Kai empire of the=empire of Khusrau, iii, 35G the Medes, ii, 191 Manshiir, Turanian hero, iii, 161, Mandane, daughter of Astyages, 165, 172, 182, 185, 199, ii, 190 205, 210, 213, 226, 231, = Farangi's in legend, ii, 191 241, 251, 256 Mandanes (Dandamis, Kait, Kai- comes to the aid of Piran, han, Kand, Kaid q.r.), vi, iii, 151 61 hears of the coming of Kus- Onesicritus and, vi, 61 tam, iii, 175 identical with Kaid, vi, 62 Mansion of Gushtasp, Fire-tem- Mani, heresiarch, i6j, ii, ig nole ; ple, V, 75 118 and note V, ; vi, 307 ; Mansiir bin Niih, Samanid prince vii, 188 (A.D. 96 1 —976), i, 20, 21 account of, vi, 327 V, 21 ; vii, 5 -gate, vi, 327, 3.59 Maniishan, a king in Pars, iv, teaching of, vi, 32S 146, 180, 191 disputation of, with the high ManusA'ihar (Miniichihr), i, 338 priest, vi, 35S Manwi, viii, 253 executed, vi, 359 Marathi, Scythian people, iv, 315 Manicheism, ii, 19 note Marchlord, ill-disposed, op- Manizha, daughter of Afrasiyab, presses Kai, 174, viii, 366 750, iii, 285, 295 scq., 304, destroys gutters and cats, 308 sea., 348, 349 viii, 360 Bizhan and. Story of, i§o, recalled, viii, 368 iii, 7, 12 Marcian (Batariin q.v.), viii, 41 historical basis of, iii, 1 1 Marco Polo, Venetian traveller Mohl on, iii, 285 (A.D. 1254-1324), vi, 74 Firdausi on, iii, 287 Mardanshdh, (Valan-sina q.v.), referred 6 to, viii, 72 viii, 74, 76 ; ix, 5, sends her nurse to ]iizhan, son of, ix, 5, 6 iii, 297 conspires against Khusrau invites Bizhan to visit her, Parwiz, ix, 6 iii, 298 mutilation and execution of,

drups Bizhan, iii, 299 ix, vol.. IX. X 322 GENERAL INDEX

Mardanshah (Mardasas), son of Marvell, quoted, viii, 399 note Shirin, viii, 189, 191, 193, Marvrud (Murghab), river in into 196 ; ix, 39 Khurasan flowing execution of, ix, 7 and forming the Marv of 228 Mardas, father Zahhak, Story oasis, ii, ; iv, 255 ;

of, 140. i, 135 seq. viii, 92 murdered by Zahhak, i, 137 Mary, Maryam, mother of Jesus, Mardasas. See Mardanshah. viii, 276 note, 277 note Mardwi, Turanian hero, iii, 77 Maryam, daughter of Csesar, ij3, Mardwi, Persian official, viii, 21 174, viii, 188, 192, 276 Mardwi, gardener, viii, 397 note, 278, 279, 373. 374. in Margh, city Turkistan, i, 256 ; 380,

iv, 278, 284 ; vii, 91, 331, murder of, viii, 193, 389 412, 421 referred to, viii, 255, 266, Mark, birth. See Birthmark. 269, 270, 371, 381, 389 Marriage, next of kin (Khvaitiik- counselled by Caisar, viii, 280 das), i, 60 ; ii, 189 ; v, 17 279, in Mars', planet, i, 72, 276, 332, 339 ; Niyatus put charge of, 280 ii, 247, 407 ; iii, no, 159, viii, as 178. 318, 332 ; vii, 92, peace-maker, viii, 310

in ii, 252, 418 ; viii, 395 ; ix, Mashad, city Khurasan, 189 73. 89 Mashya and Mashyoi, the off- Martyropolis, ceded by Khusrau spring of Gaiiimart, the Parvviz, viii, 188 first man, i, 117, 131 Marusipand, palace, ix, 11 Masius, Mount, viii, 41 Mariit, angel, iii, 286 Massagetae, tribe, iii, 192 Marv, oasis and city in ancient Mas'iidi, Arabic historian (died

northern Khurasan, now A.D. 956), V, 293 ; vi, 62,

in Turkistan, lys, i, 45 ; 63,82, 193. 257. 313. 315 ; 280 ii, loi ; V, 29, 260, 261, vii, 3, 4, 6, 153, version of the death of 263 ; vii, 174, 357 ; viii, 20, 93, 173, 336, 337. 346 Rustam by, v, 261 of ac- seq., 352, 356 ; ix, 70, 89, genealogies Papak 116, 117 cording to, vi, 200 early seat of Aryan civi- ' Book of f ndication and Re- lization, i, 7 vision' by, vi, 252 as rhyme-word, vii, 88 note apologue of the owls by, vi, Khan reaches, vii, 88 310 Bahram Giir marches on, parentage of Yazdagird son vii, 89 of Shapur according to, Azad Sarv finds Buzurj- vi. 371 mihr at, vii, 283 account of the fortifications traditional scene of Yaz- at Darband by, vii, 215 dagird's death, ix, 70 origin of the game of nard Yazdagird at, ix, 97, 116 according to, vii, 3S2 sage of, ix, no origin of the game of chess apothegm of, ix, no according to, vii, 382 conduct of Mahwi to Bar- on Buzurjmihr, viii, 71 sam at, ix 117 Maundeville, Sir John, vi, 13, 72 Guraz, son of Mahwi, gov- Maurice, Eastern Roman Em- 1 8 188 ernor of, ix, 120 peror, viii, 7, GENERAL INDEX 3-53

Maurice, helps Kliusrau Parwiz Mazda, Ahura. Sic Ahura. J on terms, viii, 188 Mazdak, heresiarch, 66, i, 63 ; murcUr of, \iii, 193 vii, 184, 185 Mausil, Armenian prince, viii, disputation of, with Nushfr- 188, 189, 248, 282, 295 wdn, vii, 188, 206 seq. entertains Bandwi, viii, 249 account of, vii, 188, 201 Klnisrau Parwiz and, viii, 283 becomes chief minister to referred to, viii, 293 and Kubad, vii, 201 note influence of, over Kubad, Ma wara 'u'n-Nahr (KuhistAn vii, 201 q.v., Transoxania), ii, 19, parable of, to Kubdd in time of 201 199 ; iii, 151 drought, vii, Maximian, Roman Emperor, viii, practical application of 188 Kubad's reply by, vii, Mayam, place, iii, 40, 41, 53, 11 1 202 Mayors of the palace, Oriental, i, converts Kubad, vii, 204 14 preaching and practice of, Mazaga, Indian city, vi, 65 vii, 204 taken by Alexander the attempt of, to convert Nush- Great, vi, 65 irwan, vii, 205 Mazana (Mdzandaran, q.v.), ii,28 Kubad decides against, vii, Mazandaran, region lying be- 20S tween the Alburz range executed with his followers and the Caspian, 143, i, by Nushirwan, vii, 208 4, 5, 12, 253, 279, 290, Mazdakism, vii, 1S4 294. 296, 298, 319, 323. Mazdakites, vii, 184

339, 378 ; ii, 25 seq., 33, great assembly of, vii, 205 34, 36 seq., 45, 55, 60 seq., massacre of, vii, 185, 208 66 seq., 75, 76, 78, 81, 93, Mebodes. See Mahbiid. 166 120 105, 139, 143 seq., 293 , Mecca, city, v, 31, ; vi, ; iii, 144, 167, 207, 215; ix, 69 232, 243, 256, 260, 324, Sikandar's visit to, vi, 64, 330; iv, 86, 136, 296, 119 seq. 299; v, 116, 117, 203, account of, vi, 64 220 207, ; vi, 373 ; vii, Medea, land of, i, 57

215 ; viii, 48 ; ix, 74 Mede, Medes (Mada), Aryan approach to, from Iran, ii people, i, 7, 10, 17, 56, 58,

28 I 72 ; vi, 194, 203

of, ii, account of, i, 9 description 27 I king of, 143, ii, 39, 43, 54, confused with the Manda 18 62 seq. (nomads), i, ; vi, 194 interview of, with Rus- empire of the=empire of

tam, ii, 67 the Manda, 1, 17 ; ii, 191

with 6 ; fight of, Rustam, ii, Media, iv, 315 ; vi, 31 ; vii, 73 Magna, vi, 201, 203, 256 transforms himself into a vii, 214 I rock, ii, 74 Median, vi, 195 death of, ii, 75 Median, language (Zend), i, 64 Mdzandardnian, a native of, or seq. Mdzan- pertaining to, empire, ii, 9 ; vi, 194 daran, iii, 320 Mediterranean, the, vi, 294 32} GENERAL INDEX

Megara, city in Greece, vi, 323 Mihr Barzin, Iranian warrior, note temp. Bahram Gur, vii, 85 legend concerning, vi, ^i^) Mihr Bidad, Iranian magnate, note vii, 21 Megasthenes, Greek writer, entertains Bahram Gur, vii, temp. Alexander the 22 Great, vi, 68 Mihr 'Hasis, minister of Ardshir, Meherdates (Milad), Parthian son of Shirwi, in Persian prince, iii, 10 seq. Tabari, ix, 43 Memphis, Egyptian city, vi, 82 put to death, ix, 43 corpse of Alexander the Mihr Hurmuzd, Iranian noble,

Great taken to, vi, 82 175, viii, 196 ; ix, 34 Merchant, a, 164 account of, ix, 5 entertains arid displeases referred to, ix, 6, 33 Bahram Gur, vii, 39 conspires against Khusrau made the slave of his own Parwiz, ix, 6 apprentice, vii, 42 put to death, ix, 7 Merchants, Iranian, made acces- described, ix, 33 sories to Bahram Gur's Mihr-i-Niish, second son of

flight from Hind, vii, 133, Asfandiyar, ii, 3 ; v, 80, 134 283 slain Mercury, planet, i, 72 ; iii, 159, by Faramarz, v, 227 death to Asfan- 318 ; V, 243 ; vi, 171, 224 ; of, reported

viii, 299, 395 ; ix, 73 diyar by Bahman, v, 227 Meroe, island and city of, vi, 13, corpse of, sent to Gush- 65 tasp, v, 232 Meru, mythical mountain, iv, 139 Mihr-i-Niish, Persian sage, vii, Mesopotamia, vi, 30, 294, 321 270 Arab invasions of, iii, 14 quoted, vii, 270 annexed by Arabs, ix, 68 Mihr-i-Niish, ix, 103 Mesopotaniian desert, vi, 322 pleads with Mahwi for Yaz- Messiah, the, viii, 267 dagird, ix, 103 Mih-Azar-Gushnasp, minister of Mihr Narsi, chief minister of Ardshir, son of Shirwi, in Bahram Gur and of his Arabic Tabari, ix, 43 son Yazdagird, vii, 4, 153 put to death, ix, 43 sons of, vii, 4 Mihr, month and day, i, 88, 8g, Mihr Piruz, Iranian warrior,

174. 175. ^3-i ; vi, 24, 33, temp. Bahram Gur, vii, 85 55 Mihrab, king of Kabul, 141, 142, Mihr, feast, ix, 40 i, 234, 361; ii, 12,14, 18,21 Mihr, sacred Fire. See Mihr visited by Zal, i, 256 Barzin. tributary to Sam, i, 256 Mihr Azar, priest, vii, 188, 206 daughter of (Rudaba),i, 257, assists Nushirwan in his V, 203 disputation with Mazdak, praises Zal to Sindukht, i, vii, 206 260 Mihr Barzi'n, sacred Fire and hears from Sindukht of the Fire-temple, vi, 201, 212 loves of Zal and Rudaba, and note i, 284 established by Gushtasp, v, reproaches Rudaba, i, 289 34 Sam sent against, i, 292 GENERAL INDEX 325

Mihr4b, hears of Scim's cominc;, Mihrdn, family, vii, 156 i, 292, 2i)g imjiortance of, viii, 7-:. 73 IMiiu'ichilir's assent to proverb on, vii, 185 Zal's marriage, i, 314 account of, vii, 185 felicitates Sindukht, i, 315 rivalry of, with family of Sindukht and, prepare to K4ran, vii, 185 welcome Sam and Zal, i, men of mark among the,

314 vii, 186, 187 ; viii, 74

entertain Sdni and Zal, i, Mihr4n, treasurer to Yazdagird 317 son of Shdpiir, vi, 387 visit Sam, i, 319 Mihrdn, Irdnian general, vii, 251 hears of the birth of Rustam, commands the centre of

i. 323 Nushirwan's host, vii, 251 goes with Z41 and Rustam Mihran, archscribe, viii, 76 to meet Sam, i, 324 sent with Bahram Chubina, parleys with Shamasas and viii, 106 Khazarwan to gain time, counsels Bahram Chubina, 1,358 viii, 122 and note writes to summon Zal, i, seeks refuge, viii, 123 359 congratulates Bahram Chu- IMihrak, Tribal King, 161, vi, 3, bina, viii, 129 199, 237, 238, 237, 267, takes counsel with Kharrad,

268, 270, 272, 273 ; vif, viii, 159 185, 192 flees from Balkh and is =Mithrak, vi, 206 retaken, viii, 159 slain by Ardshir Papakan, pardoned by Bahram Chu- vi, 241 bina, viii, 160 daughter of, 161, vi, 3, 241, referred to, viii, 163 256, 257, 268 seq., 272 speech of, viii, 166 escapes, vi, 241, 256, 268 Mihran Sitad, Iranian high priest referred to in Kaid's and envoy, temp. Nushir- prophecy, vi, 267 wan, 168, vii, 186, 350, 100 discovered by Shapiir, vi, 361, 363 ; viii, 96, out- 268 seq. attempt of the Khan to informs Shcipur of her wit, vii, 352 birth, vi, 270 takes charge of the Khan's marries Shapiir, vi, 270 daughter, vii, 354 birth of her son Urmuzd, receives gifts from the Khan, vi, 271 vii, 35t> = Mithrak = Madik = Arda- welcomed on his return, vii,

wan (?), vi, 256 357 importance of, in legend, vi, embassage of, referred to,

257, 2G7 ; viii, 72, 73 viii, 72, 97 Mihrak, servant of Niishirwdn, sent for by Murmuzd, viii, 97 viii, 18 19 tells of prophecy about Mihran, Indian sage, J59, vi, Bahram Chubina, viii, 91. 97 98, 216 consulted by Kaid about death of, viii, 99 enter- his dreams, vi, 92 seq. Mihran SitAd, merchant, interprets Kaid's dreams, tains Kluisrau I'arwiz,

vi, 94 S''^- viii, 251 326 GENERAL INDEX

Mihras, father of Ilyas ruler of Minos, king of Crete, vi, 323 note Khazar, iv, 352 legend of, vi, 323 note Mihras, Caesar's envoy, vii, Mi'nii, viii, 253 ami note 261 Miniichihr, Shah, 140-142, i, 42,. negotiates peace with Nush- 90, 91, 209 seq., 274, 275, irwan, vii, 261 319, 337. 339 seq., 348,

Mihrdat. See Meherdates. 363 ; ii, 19, 29, 33. 36. 37.

Mihrgan, feast, i, 175 and note, 302, 318, 400 ; iii, 9, 30,

iv, 313 ; vi, 230 and note, 87, 115 ; iv, 10, 65, 69, 245 70, 76, 136, 206, 283, 285,

Mihrmas, vi, 200 298 ; V, 12, 174, 252, 284 ; Mil as rhyme word, i, 75 vi, 200, 353 ; viii, 219,

Milad, Iranian hero, iii, 11, 12, 223, 392 ; ix, 103 25, 29, 145, 274, 289, 293, birth of, i, 206 206 and 345 ; iv. 83, 147, 191 ; vi, etymology of, i, note 394 ; viii, 72, 211 note, 234 and import of word, viii, 73 Faridun's gilts to, i, 207 customs of, viii, 216 goes to fight Salm. and Tur, Milad (Taxila), Indian city, vi, i, 216 102, 109, no makes proclamation to the

situation of, vi, 62 host, i, 218 Sikandar approaches, vi, contends against Salm and 98 Tur, i, 219 Military obsequies, temp. Nushir- prepares for a night-sur- wan, vii, 252 prise, i, 220 Milk, bane of, vii, 125 and note, sends Tur's head to Faridun, 324 i, 222 " easily turned," vii, 317 sends Karan to take the poisoned by the Evil Eye, Castle of the Alans, i, 223 vii, 320 seq., 324, 325 seq. Mill, iy6, ix, 89, 116 hears of Karan's success, i, Miller, a, daughters of, 164 225 becomes Bahram Giir's defeats and slays Karkwi, i, father-in-law, vii, 34 225 seq. dignified by Bahram Gur, pursues and slays Salm, i, vii. 34 227 Miller, a, iy6, ix, 70 pardons Salm's troops, i, 229 Yazdagird and, ix, 99 sends Salm's head and a

informs chief of Zark about letter to Faridun, i, 229 Yazdagird, ix, 100 return of, in triumph, i, 230 informs Mahwl about Yaz- welcomed by P"aridun, i, 230 dagird, ix, loi confided to Sam by Faridun, bidden to slay Yazdagird, i. 231 ix, 107 enthroned by Faridun, i, 232 fling corpse into stream, mourning of, for, and burial ix, 108 of, Faridun, i, 233 Miiigrelia, province on the east- Reign of, 141, i, 234 seq. ern shore of the Black Note on, i, 234 seq. Sea, vii, 215 accession and inaugural Minister, piece in chess. See address of, i, 237 Wazir. Sam's address to, i, 238 GENERAL IXDEX 327

Minuchilir, hoars of Sdm's find- Mi'rln, provides Gushtisp with a ing of Zal, i, 2.|.S steed and arms, iv, 330 sons of, i. 248 goes with Gushtasp and sends Naiidar to congratu- Hishwf to the forest of late Sam, i, 24S Faskun, iv, 337 summons Sam and Zal to Hishwi and, welcome Gush- court, i, 24Q tasp on his return, iv, 339 Sam ti'lls the story of his informs C;csar that he has quest to, i, 250 slain the wolf, iv, 341 Zal's horoscope taken by marries Caesar's daughter, order of, i, 251 iv, 341 gifts of, to Sam, i, 251 consulted by Ahran, iv, 342 hears of the case of Zal and refers Ahran to Hishwi, iv, Riidaba, i, 288 344 advises with the archi- letter of, to Hishwi, iv, 344 mages, i, 288 Ahran and, display their welcomes Sam, i, 2S9 accomplishment on the hears of Sam's campaign, i, riding-ground, iv, 349 290 Caesar's wrath with, iv,35i bids Sam destroy Mihrab sends a scornful message and his belongings, i, 292 to Caesar, iv, 353 receives Zal well, i, 306 set to guard the baggage, consults the astrologers as to iv, 355 Zal, i, 307 Mir Khand (Mirkhond), Persi n Zal proved by hard ques- historian (A.D. 1433- tions order by of, i, 308 1498), V, 30 ; vi. 62, 315 ; Zal displays his accomplish- vii, 3, 4, 6, 156, 159, 171,

ment before, i, 311 183, 186 ; viii, 192 gracious reply of, to Sam, i, distich of, quoted, ix, 56 314 Miskal, measure of weight, vi, 24 warned of his death by the and note, viii, 394 astrologers, i, 335 Mist (Egypt), 159, ii, 79, 80, 84, counsels, and gives the 94. 96, 143, 286; vi, 114, throne 181 to, Naudar, i, 335 115, 122, ; viii, 381 dies, i, 336 king of temp. Kai Kaiis, ii, Minuchihr, son of Arash, iv, 94. 95. 98 149 king of, defeated by Sikan- commands the troops from dar, vi, 37 Khurasan, iv, 148 welcomes Sikandar, vi, slaj^s Kuhila, iv, 181 121 commands the left, iv, 191 invaded by Sikandar, vi, 37, Mirin, Riiman chief, 154 121 asks Caesar's second daugh- sea of, vi, 120 ter, Dilanjam, in marriage, Sikandar stays a year in, vi, iv, 333 121 bidden by Caesar to slay the Mithra, Mitra, god, i, 7 wolf of Faskun, iv, 333 Mithradat. See Meherdates. casts a horoscope, iv, 334 Mithrak, vi, 20O asks Hishwi to interest = Mihrak, vi, 206 Gushtdsp in his behalf, =Mihrak=Madik = Arda- iv, 334 wdn (?), vi, 256 328 GENERAL INDEX

Mithrates. See Meherdates. Mu'awiya, Khalifa (A.D. 661-

Mithradatcs I, Parthian king, ii, 679), i, 12, 13

80 Miibid, i, 83 Modes of speech, viii, 30 Mugliira, son of Shu'ba. See Mohl, Jules, his edition and Shu'ba Mughira, ix, 69 translation of the Shah- Muhammad, the Prophet (about 60 nama, i, 76, 77 ; vi, A.D. 571-632), i, 13, 40, the of Bizhan and note on Story 41 ; ii, 337 ; vi, 65, 286 Manizha, iii, 285, 190, 292 ; viii, 42, 191 ; the Worm, vi, 203 ix, 69, 81 seq.

Wisdom-literature, \di, 280 on 'All, i, 12, 106

Mong, Indian city, vi, 18 praise of, i, 106 Monks, ix, 109 quoted, i, 106, v, 166 find and recover corpse of reference of, to Alexander Yazdagird, ix, loy the Great in the Kuran, lament over and entomb vi, 15. 77 Yazdagird, ix, 109 seq. Muhammad, birth of, vii, 213 sentences of, over Yazda- Nushirwan and, 120, viii, gird, ix, 109 seq. 68 slain by Mahwi, ix, 113 divides the Moon, viii, 42, Monophysite, viii, 195 67

Moola Firooz, i, 201 note letter of, to Khusrau Par- Moon, one of the seven planets, wiz, ix, 66 i, 72, viii, 395 Flight of, referred to, ix, 122 on the nature of the, zjp, i, Muhammad Kasim, Arab gen- 205 eral, vi, 325

=Tur, i, 223 Muhammad Laskari, friend of divided 286 by Muhammad, Firdausi, i, 99 ; iii, viii, 42, 67 Muhammad Mahdi, his edition

Moses, Hebrew law-giver, v, 294 of the Shahnama, i, 76 Salt Fish and, legend of, vi, Muhammad, son of Abdii'r-Raz-

77 zak, i, 68, 99 Faith of, vi, 95 Muhammadan, Muhammadans, of Moses Chorene, Armenian vi, 78 ; viii, 73 historian (5th century elements in Shahnama, viii, A.D.),i, 72 42 account of Zahhak by, i, 144 ethics respected, viii, 74 Rustam by, i, 236 Mukaffa'. See Ibn Mukaffa'. Mosul, city in Mesopotamia, vi, Miiltan, city in the Punjab, vii, 322 140 Mountain, mountains, sanctity monarch of, entertained by of, i, 118 Bahram Giir, vii, 140 of the Holy Questions, i, Mumasenni, tribe, i, 237 62 — Munzir, al, dynasty of, i, 55 skirt (Daman-i-Kuh), iii, Munzir, prince of Hira, temp. 15.91. 95 Yazdagird son of Shapiir = Rakhsh, iii, 221, 251 and Bahram Giir, 163, Old man of the, v, 30 164. vi, 372, 394, 406, — of sheep, personification 408 ; vii, 9 the divine Grace, vi, 201, visits Yazdagird, vi, 377 221. See Ram. monarch of Yaman, vi, 378 GENERAL TXDEX 329

Munzir, returns to Yaman with Mush, town west of Lake Van, Bahrain, vi, 378 viii, 188 chooses nurses for Bahrani, Mushkinab, a miller's daughter, tiole vi, 37^'' vii, i2 and dismisses Jiahram's tutors, taken to wife by Bahram vi, 3S0 Gur, vii, 33 provides Bahram Gur with Mushkinak, a miller's daughter, steeds, vi, 380 vii, 32 and note provides BahrAm Gur with taken to wife by Bahram slave-girls, vi, 381 Gur, vii, 33 goes to the chase with Bah- Muslim, ix, 85 ram Gur, vi, 384 Mutawakkil, Khalifa (A.D. 847-

sends a picture of Bahrim 861), i, 14 Giir shooting to Yazda- Cypress of Kishmar de- gird, vi, 385 stroyed by, V, 28 sends Bahram Gur with Mutilation, instances of, vi, 261, Nu'nian to Yazdagird, vi, 323. 334. 348, 357. 404 386 Mytilene, Chares of, Greek wnriter, receives a letter from Yaz- temp. Alexander the 10 61 dagird, vi, 387 Great, ii, ; vi, counsels and sends Bahram quoted, iv, 314 Gur a slave-girl and pre- sents, vi, 388 N welcomes Bahram Gur on his return, vi, 390 Nabarzanes, Persian general, vi, supports Bahram Gur's 32 claim to the throne, vi, pardoned by Alexander the 396 seq. Great, vi, 32 invades fran, vi, 397 Nadir, Shah, iii, 14 interview of, with Jawanwi, Nadr son of Harith, v, 166 vi, 398 seq. recites the story of Rustam refers Jawanwi to Bahram and Asfandiyar, v, 166 Giir, vi, 398 fate of, V, 166 advises Bahram Gur to Nahavand, city, south of Hama- Iran- 12 negotiate with the dan, i, ; ix, 68, 69 ians, vi, 401, 404 Yazdagird concentrates his intercedes with Bahram Gur forces at, ix, 68

for the Iranians, vii, 10 Battle of, i, 12 ; ix, 69 rewarded by Bahram Gur, Nahid (Katayi'ui, q.v.) vii, 10 Nahid (Halai, Olympias ?), Munzir, son of Nu'man, prince of daughter of Failakus and Hira, temp. Nushirwin, mother of Sikandar, i^g, i6j, vii, 244 seq. vi, 24 seq., and note protected by Niishirwan, married to Darab, vi, 25 vii, 217 troubled by offensive war of, with Hdrith bin breath, vi, 26 Jabala, vii, 217 cured, but repudiated by sent by Nushirwan to invade Darab, vi, 26 Rum, vii, 246 returns to l'"ailakus ami 88 birth to Murddd, ameshaspcnta, i, ; gives Sikandar, iii, 287, 328 vi, 26 330 GENERAL INDEX

Nahid, visits Dilarai and Rusha- Naphtha, Sikandar 's iron steeds uak, vi, 89 filled with, 139, vi, 115 referred to, vi, 1S7 Fur's elephants and troops use Nahid, the planet Venus, vi, 214 routed by the of, vi, Nahrawan, city near Baghdad, 116 also a used to Sikandar's east of the Tigris ; vitrify canal on the eastern bank barrier, vi, 165 of that river, quitting it Nard, game of, i6g, viii, 371 about 100 miles above, invention of, vii, 280, 381, and rejoining it about 100 382, 389 miles below, Baghdad, sent by Niishirwan to the of Hind, vii, 5, 381 vii, 141 ; viu, 187, 204, Raja 206, 231 meaning of, vii, 381 bridge of, viii, 223, 228 seq. symbolism of, vii, 381 broken down by Khusrau Mas'iidi on, vii, 382 Parwiz, viii, 229 described, vii, 389 father of Naishapur. See Nishapur. Nariman, Iranian hero, Naitkiin (Antigonus), minister Sam and great-grand- of Sikandar, name of, father of Rustam, i, 42, assumed by Sikandar, vi, 174, 207, 212, 239, 299, 66, 125 seq. 333. 344 ; ii. 4, 49, ii5. personates Sikandar, vi, 125 119, 125, 126, 162, 354 ;

; V, 199. seq. iii, 17. 35 196, Kaidriish and his wife 202, 242, 262, 264, 266, brought before, vi, 126 289 sentenced to death by, vi, death of, described, i, 329 126 Narimanau, epithet of Kere- pardoned by, vi, 126 saspa, i, 172, 174 = Sikandar, vi, 131, 133. Narmpai, name of a tribe, 160,

and ; vi, 134. 141 ii, 55 note, 63, 64 Nakula, one of the five Pan- 71 and note davas, iv, 138 Sikandar and, vi, 150 of referred to, iv, 139 Narses (Narsi, son Bahrdm, Saisanian Names, use of, in sympathetic q.v.), king Exarch, treatment of, magic, i, 8, 177, 179 Narses, by secret and public, viii, 372 Empress Sophia, viii, 76 and note Narses, general, viii, 189 Namkhast, Turanian hero, v, 24, Narsi, Ashkanian king, vi, 197, 26 210 of Shah goes as envoy to Gushtasp, Narsi, son Bahram, V, 37. 40 (Narses), 162, vi, 3, 313. returns with Gushtasp's 316. 325. 330. 331. 337 ; answer, v, 44 vii, 359 given command of the cen- Reign of, vi, 315 seq. tre, v, 56 Note on, vi, 315 worsted by Girami, v, 59 title of, vi, 315 address vi, Napata, city in Nubia, vi, 65 inaugural of, 315 262. See Naphtha, iSg. i, 56 daughter o'f, black, iv, 208, 209 Niislia. of Bahram Gur, use of, in sieges, iv, 208, Narsi, brother i^^ 209 i(>5, vi, 3 ; vii, 4, 95. GENERAL 1M)I:X 331

Narsi, made captain of the host, Nastihan, slain by Bizhan, iv, vii, II 54

regent, vii. 86 Nasti'ih, Iranian hero, ii, 4 ; iii, fails the fran- to persuade 46 ; iv, 14S ians to resist the Khan, Nastuh, Turanian hero, iv, 156 vii, 87 Nastiih, son of Mihran Sitad, 77J,

Hahrani Gur's letter to, vii, . viii, 225, 303 9^ advises Hurmuzd, viii, 96 writes to Bahram (jur on released by Bahrdm Chii- behalf of the Iranians, vii, bina, viii, 306 94 Nastiir (Basta-vairi, BastvAr), goes with the chiefs to wel- son of Zarir, 755, v, 12, come Bahram C.i'ir, vii, 96 25, 26 made ruler of Khurasan, exploits of, foretold by vii, 99 Jamasp, v, 50 welcomes his brother on his given command of the rear, return from Hind, vii, 137 V, 55 Narwan, forest of,near Tammisha fights victoriously, v, 60 in search of q.v. i, 217, 218 ; ii, 341 ; goes Zarir, v, 67 86 finds Zarir's and viii, 35^^ 360. 377 ; ix, corpse Nasibin (Nisibis, q.v.), vi, 326 laments over it, v, 67 cession of, vi, 355 exhorts Gushtasp to avenge inhabitants of, refuse to Zarir, v, 68 submit to Shapur, vi, 356 goes forth with Gushtasp 's taken by Shapur, vi, 356 steed and armour, v, 69 Nasiru'd-Dfn, title of Subuk- challenges Eidirafsh, v, 69 tigin, q.v., i, 21, 100, 114 fights with Bidirafsh, v, 70 Nasr, Amir, brother of Sultan attacks, with Asfandiyar and the Mahmud, i, 21 ; vi, 196 Niish Azar, Turan-

account of, i, 100 ians, V, 71

referred to, i, 114 leads the host home, is a and praise of, i, 114 ; vi, 207 given command, Nasr, Arab chief, vi, 65 invades Tiiran, v, 74 appeals to Sikandar for stationed on the Iranian help, vi, 120 left, v, 94 made ruler of Mecca, vi, 121 commands the right, v,-i09 Nasr, son of Ahmad, Samanid, Nastiir, son of Shirin and vii, 340 Khusrau Parwiz, ix, 39 patron of Riidagi, vii, 383 Nature-worship, of the Aryans, Nastar, Ca;sar's master of the i. 7. 51 herds, iv, 325 Nau-Ardshir = Nard, vii, 381 refuses to employ Gushtasp, Naubahar, Fire-temple at Balkh, iv, 326 31 Nastihan, Turanian hero, son of Luhrasp retires to, v, 31 W isa and brother of Naudar, Shah, 142, i, 90, 91,

Pi'ran, 146. 131, i, 92 ; ii, 369 ; ii, 20, 36, 70, 153.

264 ; iii, 79. 198, 210, 231, 336, 400, 404 ; iii, 8, 24,

25^ ; iv, 53 seq., 61, 75. 39, 50, 57. ^7. «6, 112, 77 123, 132, 177, 187, 215,

pursues Kai Khusrau, ii, 257, 28CJ, 294, 327 ; >v, 377 ^''l- 13, 61, 70, 157. 167, 178, 332 GENERAL INDEX

Naudar—cont. Nearchus, admiral of Alexander 191, 193. 206, 237, 254, the Great, vi, 12, 61, 70

262, 267 ; vii, 37, 171 ; Ichthyophagi, account of viii, 223, 242 by, quoted by Arrian, vi, embassies of, to Sam, i, 248, 69, 70 288 Nectanebus II (Nekht-neb-f), returns with Sam to court, i, the last Pharaoh 289 personates Amcn-Ra and counselled by Miniichihr and becomes the legendary appointed his successor, i, father of Alexander the 335 Great, vi, 16 laments for Miniichihr, i, story of, vi, 18 and note 336 Need, personification of. See Reign of, 142, i, 337 seq. Greed. Note on, i, 337 Negroes, the, described, vi, 73, accession of, i, 339 157 evil rule of, i, 339 cause frost and snow to

revolts against, i, 339 harm Sikandar, vi, 156, appeals to Sam, i, 339 157 the chiefs reconciled to, Nekht-neb-f. See Nectanebus.

by Sam, i, 341 Nereis. See Kale. rewards Sam, i, 342 Nero, Roman emperor (A.D. 54- marches against Afrasiyab 68), vii, 279 to Dahistan, i, 345 Neryosang, ii, 82 battles of, with Afrasiyab, Nestorian, Nestorians, viii, 195 i, 348 seq. Metropolitan, vii, 219 takes counsel with Karan, Patriarch, vii, 219 i. 349 New Year, Persian, beginning of, defeated, i, 350, 353 i, 74. 88 sends Tus and Gustaham Feast of (Nauriiz, New to conduct the Persian Year's Day), i, 74, 274 ; women to Alburz, i, 351 vii, 94, 200

beleaguered in Dahistan, i, origin of, i, 133 353 Nicaea, Indian city, vi, 18 escapes from Dahistan, i, Nicephorium (Callinicus, Kalini- 355 yiis q.v., Warigh, Rakka), pursued and taken by Afra- viii, 188 siyab, i, 355 Nicolaus of Damascus, Greek slain, i, 363 historian temp. Augustus, the Iranians bewail, i, 364 vi, 195 Nauriiz, Persian New-year's day Nil, as rhyme-word, i, 75 the enters when sun Aries, Nile, i, 40, 71, 114, 297 ; ii, 96,

vi, 33. 55, 273, 389 ; via, 153. 217, 310, 402 ; ill,

216 38, 41, 58, 208, 224, 225 ; in Nawand, place Khurasan on iv, 145 seq., 180, 333 ; v,

the Binaliid Kuh (?), ii, 176, 188, 191, 245 ; vi, 42,

107 169, 171, 269 ; vii, 48, a miller's Naztab, daughter, vii, 250, 344, 416 ; viii, 126, note 32 and 284. 293, 294 ; ix, 98 taken to wife by Bahram Blue, vi, 65 Giir, vii, 33 mistaken for Indus, vi, 68 GENERAL IMjEX 333

Ni'inri'iz— Si'stan=ZabulistAn,' i, Niydtus (Theodosius, son of

252. 264, 346, 357 ; ii, 21, Maurice), Jjj, viii, 189,

34. 69, 77. So, 84, 338, 281, 289 ; ix, 23

395 ; iii. 17, 35, 319 ; iv, brother of Crcsar, viii, 280,

136. 188; V, 85, 248, 288 ; 310 in of vii, 327 ; viii, 196, 284 ; put charge Maryam, ix, 5, 6 vi'i, 280 conlirmcd to Rustam by Kai welcomed by Khusrau I'ar- Khusrau, iv, 297 wiz, viii, 280 Zal by Luhrasp, iv, 312 WToth with Khusrau Par- Sikandar marches to, vi, 175 wiz, viii, 290 satrapy of, ix, 69 watches fight between Khus- Nineveh, viii, 193 rau Parwiz and Bahram fall of, i, 10 Chubi'na, viii, 297 kings of, that attacked entertained at banquet by Iran, i, 10 Khusrau Parvviz, viii, 309 battle near, viii, 194 quarrel of, witli Bandwi, Ninus, mythical founder of viii, 309 Nineveh, v, 292, 293 threat of, to Khusrau Par- Ninyas, son of Ninus, v, 293 wiz, viii, 310 Niris, salt lake in Pars, vi, 17 reconciled to Pandwi, viii, referred to, vi, 21 3" Nisa, city (Muharamadabad ?) returns to Rum, viii, 312 in Khurasan or town in Nizami, Persian poet, viii, 192 writer Kirman, vii, 89 ; viii, 19 Nizami-i-'Arudi, Persian

Nishapiir, city in Khurasan,* i, {12th century A.D.), i, loi 36, 45 ; ii, ; iv, 255 ; 23 28 of V, seq., 291 ; vi, 298 ; account Firdausi by, i, 38

viii, 173 ; ix, 95 seq., 45, 46 Nisibis (Xas.'bfn q.v.), city in Noldeke, Professor, v, 20, 21, and northern Mespotamia, i, 2S2 ; vi, igS note, 199

374 note, 253, 313, 372 ; viii,

sieges of, i, 374, viii, 41 71, 188 peace of, vi, 254 on the div Akwan, iii, 271 cession of, hy Jo. ian, vi, 326 quoted, v, 118 by Khusrau Parvviz (?), treatise of, on the Alexander viii, 188 Romance, etc., vi, 14 and Nisus and Scylla, story of, vi, 7!0te 323 note on the Story of the Worm, Nitetis, vi, 16 vi, 203, 205, 206 Nivzar, son of Gushtasj), 755, v, on llaftwad, vi, 206 2O on the Gipsies, vii, 6 death of, foretold by Jam- on Sufarai, vii, 171, 185 asp, V, 50 on Wisdom-literature, vii, slain, V, 60 281

'Prop'rly speakinR, ZiUmlisliiii is llie name of tin- hilly cmiiUi y about the upper waters of the lliliiuiml, while Niinriiz and Sibtiin are synonymous nam s for the low lying lands inio which i:s waters di scend, but I-'irdausi does not seem to make any such liistinciion. • The city has sullered much in the past from the ravages of war and earth- quake and has been rebuilt SLveral times on tlightly varying siicts, 334 GENERAL INDEX

Noldcke, on Romance of Baliram Niish Azar, Firc-templc at Chiibina, viii, 73 Balkh, V, 92 note, 173, North, Sir Thomas (A.D. 1535- 24^,255 the 1603 ?), vii, 383 burnt by Turkmans, v, version of the Fables of 93 Bidpai by, vii, 383 Nush Azar, youngest son of Northman, the, vi, 19 Asfandiyar, ii, 3, v, 166, found the Russian empire, 283, 285 vi, 19 attacks, with Nastiir and Note on Pronunciation, preced- Asfandiyar, the Turanian ing text in each volume host, V, 71 Nubia, vi, 65 builder of a Fire-temple, v, Niih bin Nasr, Samanid prince 81 (A.D. 942-954). vii, 5 with Asfandiyar at Gum- Niih II. bin Mansiir, Samanid badan, v, 98 of prince (A.D. 976-997), i, informs Asfandiyai Jam- 21 2t, 36 ; V, asp's arrival, v, 98, 99 Nu'man, prince of Hira, 162, accompanies Asfandiyar 164, vi, 372, 396, 404 from Gumbadan, v, 103 visits Yazdagird, vi, 377 slays Turkhan, v, 151 goes to the chase with Bah- wrangles with Zawara, v, 226 ram Gur, vi, 384 slays Aiwa, v, 226 goes to the Persian court slain by Zawara, v, 227 with Bahram Giir, vi, death of, reported to Asfan- v, . 386 diyar by Bahman, 227 returns to Yaman with corp.se of, sent to Gushtasp, letters and presents, vi, V, 232 387 Nushirwan (Kisra, Chosroes I), welcomes Bahram Gur on Shah, 166-1J0, i, 27, 42 ; 201 his revisiting Yaman, vi, V, 260 ; vi, 3, ; vii, 4, 390 199, 220, 273 seq., 279 seq.,

invades Tran, vi, 397 320 ; viii, 3 seq., 71, 72, rewarded by Bahram Gur, 86 seq., 98, 129, 169, 108, vii, 10 200, 205, 209, 300, 312, of Nu'min bin Munzir, prince 313. 377 : ix, 22, 26, 71, 119 Hira, viii, 188 ; ix, 5 80, 92, 105, 109, no, tradi- put to death, viii, 190 collector of Iranian Nu'man, Arab general, ix, 68 tion, i, 67 sent by 'Umar to fight quoted, vi, 208, 209 an^i Yazdagird, ix, 68 note defeats Piriizan at Naha- ori<^in of name, vii, 1S5, 211 vand, ix, 68 and note slain, ix, 69 birth of, stories of, vii, 18O, Nurse, Manizha's, iii, 297 197 seq. interview of, with Bizhan, assistants of, against Maz- 206 iii, 297 dak, vii, 188, Niisha (Dukhtnush), daughter of upbringing of, vii, 200 Narsi, 162, vi, 3, 324, Mazdak's attempt to con- 331 vert, vii, 205 Maz- carried off by the Arabs, vi, disputation of, with 206 323. 330 dak, vii, seq. GENflR.U. INDEX 335

Nuslurwi'in, Kiibad dt-ciiles in NushirwSn, method of, in levying favour of, vii, 208 tioops, vii, 233 executes Mazdak and his wtites to Caesar on Munzir's followers, \ii, 208 behalf, vii, 245 Kii bad's testament in favour supplies Munzir with troops of vii, 210, 316 for the invasion of Rum, Reign of, i6y, vii, 212 seq. vii, 246 Notes on, vii, 212 scq., 279 goes to A/.ar AbadagAn, vii, seq., 316 seq., 380 seq., 250 viii, 3 seq., 41 seq. disposition <.)l host by, vii, Roman Emperors contem- 251 porary with, vii, 212 addresses his troops, vii, 251 historical events of reign of, proclamations of, vii, 252, in the Shahnama, vii, 213 365 marriage of, with the daugh- burial of dead soldiers by, ter of the Khan vii, 347, vii, 232 seq. policy of, with enemies, vii, referred to, viii, 72, 97 seq. 253 waisof, with Rum, vii, 213, takes Shi'irab, vii, 254 217 Arayish-i-Rum, vii, 255 first campaign of, vii, 218, Caesar's treasures, vii, 249 255. 258 cons}iiracy against, vii, 214, defeats Farfurius, vii, 256 316 takes Antakiya, vii, 258 division of empire by, vii, disposes of the Ruman cap-

214, 224 ; ix, 69 tives, vii, 259, 327 bargains of, with Justinian, Ruman cordwainer and, vii; vii, 214, 216 seq. 260 taxation reformed by, vii, envoy fiom Caesar comes 215, 224 to, vii, 261 wall of, in the Caucasus, J67, grants peace to Caesar, vii, 262 i, 16 ; vii, 215, 239 JMas'udi's account of, vii, appoints Shirvvi to receive 215 the Ruman tribute, vii, dealings of, with the Alans, 262 vii, 216 Christian wife of, vii, 263 Gildn, vii, 216 mother of Nushzad, \ ii, Baluchis, vii, 217 263, 274 seq. Munzir supported by, vii, helps Nushzad, vii, 266 217, 244 laments for Nushzad, vii, and consequent war with 276 Riim, vii, 217, 244 imprisons Nushzad, vii, 264 jealous of Justinian's suc- illness and reported death cesses in the West, vii, of, vii, 264, 265 217 hears of Nushzad's revolt, promises to rule justly, vii, vii, 266 221 seq. instructs Ram Barzin how attends muster at the insist- to act, vii, 267 seq. ence of liabak, vii, 231 Seven Bancjuets of 168, vii, approves of liabak's con- 280, 287 seq. duct, vii, 232 possiule origin of, vii, 280 336 GENERAL INDEX

Nushirwan, Seven Banquets of, Nushirwan, leceives the tiibute Buzurjmihr's discourses from Rum, vii, 362 at, vii, 287 seq. goes to the temple of Azar- dream of, vii, 282 gashasp, vii, 363 consults the archmagos, vii, greatness of, vii, 364 282 questions Buzurjmihr, vii, seeks for a dream-interpre- 367 seq. ter, vii, 2^2 receives the game of chess dieam of, interpreted by from Hind, vii, 380, 385 Buzurjmihr, vii, 284 Raja of Hind's embassy to, rewards and honours Bu- ^ii. 384 for zurjmihr, vii, 286, 289, 304, rewards Buzurjmihr dis- coveiing how to play 311. 315 . _ relations of, with Singiba, chess, vii, 388 vii, 317 sends Buzurjmihr with pre- the Haitalians, vii, "317 sents and the game of with Mahbud and his sons, nard to Hind, vii, 390 vii, 319 seq. proposes wager with the suspects Zuran, vii, 324 Raja, vii, 391 on greatness of, vii, 327 welcomes Buzurjmihr buildings of, vii, 327 his return from Hind, vii, embassy of Khan to, vii, 329 393 consults the chiefs as to acquires the Book of Kalila Faghanish, the Khan, and and Dimna, vii, 423 seq. the Haitalians, vii, 333 sends gifts to the Raja, vii, leply of chiefs to, vii, 334 rejoinder of, to chiefs, vii, rewards Barzwf, vii, 429 336 precautions of, as to suc- prepares for war with the cessor, viii, 3 Khan, vii, 337 goes hunting with Buzurj- writes to his chiefs, the mihr, viii, 4 Khan, and Faghanish, suspects and disgraces vii. 337 Buzurjmihr, viii, 5 in- marches from Mada'in, vii, treats Buzurjmihr with S 337 creasing ligour, viii, 7, goes to Gurgan, vii, 337 reconciled to Buzurjmihr, receives embassy from the viii, 9 Khan, vii, 339 questioned by archimagcs, holds a court, vii, 340 viii, 14 seq., 28 seq. his displays his prowess before gives judgment against the assembly, vii, 341 own son, viii, 16 dismisses the Khan's envoy chief cook of, aggrieved, viii, with a letter, vii, 344 18 Khan's offer of affinity to, counsels Hurmuzd, viii, 25 vii, 347 seq. Caesar's reply of, vii, 349 writes to console occupies territory evacuated son and successor, viii, by the Khan, vii, 358 43 Haitalians and others bring wroth at answer received, gifts to, vii, 360, 362 viii, 45 invades gives praise to God, vii, 361 Rum, viii, 46 GENER.U. IXDEX 337

NushirwAn, success of, viii, 47 Niishzdd, goes to fight with Rdm checked, viii, 47 Barzin, vii, 272 in want of money, viii, 47 exhorted to yield by Piriiz, takes counsel with Biizurj- vii, 273 mihr, viii, 47 reply of, to Piruz, vii, 274 refuses advances from a wounded, vii, 275 shoemaker, viii, 50, 71 repents, vii, 275 high esteem of, for scribes, sends message to his mother, viii, 50 vii. 275 grants peace to, and takes dies, vii, 275 tribute from, the Kumans, lamentation for, vii, 276 viii, 52 Firdausi's reflections on, vii, returns to Taisafi'in, viii, 53 276 sons of, viii, 56, 63 instructs Biizurjmihr to prove Hurmuzd, viii, 56 O seq. testament of, in favour of, Oasis of Ammon, vi, 65 and last counsels to, Alexander the Great's visit 61 Hurmuzd, viii, seq, ; ix, to, vi, 65 22 Oblivion, Castle of, vii, 184 directions of, as to inter- Obsequies, military, in the time ment, viii, 65 of Nuslurvvan, vii, 252 hall of, shattered, viii, 68 Oceanus, Homeric and Oriental, death of, \iii, 69, 71 i. 71 system of administration of, Odatis, Scythian princess, iv, 315 viii, 71 legend of, iv, 315 ministers of, put to death by Odenathus, Arab chief, vi, 222 Hurmuzd, viii, 81 seq. Shapiir son of Ardshir and, choice of Hurmuzd by, story vi, 294, 325 of, viii, 87 confused with Valerian, vi, palace of, viii, 193 324 seq. dream of, ix, Minorite Fiiar and tra- = 92 Odorico, Niish Zad Mihr-i-Nush, q.v., veller (A.D. 1286-1331), V. 285 and note vi, 13 Nushzad, father of Mihrak, Old Man of the Mountain, the, v, vi, 237, 241, 267, 270, 30 273 Olives, taxes on, vii, 215, 225 Nushzad, son of Nushirwin, Olympias (N^hid, Halai ?), wife i6y, vii, 213, 265, seq. of Philip of Maccdon and histoiical account of, vii, 219 mother of Alexander the Firdausi's account of, vii, Great 263 seq. legendary relations of, with education of, vii, 263 Nectanebus, vi, 16, 18 imprisonment of, vii, 264 choice by, of name for her hears report of Niishirwdn's son, vi, 19 death, vii, 265 intrigues of, vi, 82 revolts, vii, 266 Omartes, Scj^thian chief, iv, 315 helped by his mother, vii, legend of, iv, 315 266 Omen, ii, 192, v, 177 writes to Caesar, vii, 266 of the quince, ix, 13, 14 VOL. IX. Y 33^ GENERAL INDEX

Omphis, Indian king, vi, 62 Page, of Nushi'rwan, viii, 5 Onager, the div Akwan as, iii, seq. 273 seq. relative of Biizurjmihr, viii, Bahram Chubina guided by, 5 viii, 156, 158 instructed by Buzuijmihr, Onesicritus, chief pilot of Alex- viii, 6 ander the Great and takes messages between writer, vi, 67 Nushirwan and Biizurj- untrustworthy, vi, 12, 61, 67 mihr, viii, 6 seq. 102 Fakirs and, vi, 61 Pahlav, region, ii, 77, ; iii, Calanus and, vi, 61 222

Mandanes and, vi, 61 Pahlavan, i, 83 ; vi, 194 Onnes, minister of Ninus, v, 292, Pahlavi, middle Persian language .293 of Ashkanian (Parthian) Ordeal by fire, ii, 218 seq. and Sasanian times, vii, the Ormus (Hurmuz), city on 6, 113, 188, 380 seq. ; viii,

Persian Gulf, vi, 204 73. 74 ; ix. 50 Osrhoene, kingdom in northern meaning of, i, 64, 83 Mesopotamia, vi, 198 Firdausi's use of the word, Othello, play of, quoted, vi, 324 i, 69 Owls, Mas'iidi's apologue of the, Fables of Bidpai translated vi, 310 into, vii, 382 and Crows, story of, viii, 263 language (middle Persian), and note v, 24, 26, vi, 194

Ox, the first, i, 5 texts, ii, 27 ; v, 13, 14, 24, of legend the, i, 117, 236 30, ; vi, 195, 196, 257 Ox of Kai Kaiis, ii, 26 version of the Pseudo-Callis- Ox-hide, or skin, filled with gold thenes, vi, 14, 16, 84 as tribute, v, 265 and writing and reading, con- fusion note ; vii, 262, 363 ; viii, in, vi, 14, 62, 205, 46, 52, 53 206 Persian coin = five Oxus (Jihiin, q.v.), river, i, 57 ; Paiddwasi,

ii, 190 ; v, 12, 29, ; vii, dinars, vii, 95 and note, and note 156. 317 ; viii, 72 viii, 381 ; ix,

ancient i, 19 trade-route, 57 = confused with Aras, i, 71, Paighu Turanian, v, 13, 21 370 7Jote, 38 note, 41 note, 44 in note change course of, i, 57 ; viii, 190 note, iii, 10 Paikar-i-Guid, melody, viii, 398 referred to, ix, 117 and note, and note 118 Pairika. See Pari. Oxyartcs, father of Roxana Palace of Jewels, 160 (Riishanak), wife of Alex- Paladins, 154 ander the Great, vi, 32 Palashan, Turanian hero, 147, iii, 26, 79 surveys the Iranian host, iii, 69 slain by Bizhan, iii, 70 Padashkvar, a mountain or sec- Palawina (Cappadocia), vi, 294, tion of the Alburz range, 297, 298 i, 338 Palestine, vi, 30 GENERAL INDEX 339

Palladius, bishop, vi, 6i, 62 Parmuda, approaches Balkh, treatise of, on the Brah- viii, 134 mans, vi, 61 attacks and is defeated by j' interpolated into the Bahrdm Chubina, viii, Pseudo-CaUisthenes, vi, 134 seq. 61 escapes to .'\w4za, viii, 138 Palmyra, city in Syrian desert, besieged by Bahram Chii-

vi, 294, 322, 324 ; vii, 217 ! bina, viii, 138 seq. Palus Maeotis (Sea of Azoff), vi, negotiates surrender of 73 Awaza with Bahram Chii- Pandavas, the five, iv, 138, 139 bina, viii, 139 seq. pilgrimage of, compared surrenders Awaza and sets with that of Kai Khusrau out for fran, viii, 143 and his paladins, iv, 138 insulted by Bahram Chu-

Pand Namah, of Moola Firooz, i, bina, viii, 144 201 note Bahram Chubina tries to Pandnamak-i Vadsh6rg-Mitr6-i placate, viii, 145 Bukhtakan, PahlavT text, Pars (Persis, FdrsistAn), country vii, 279 on the eastern shores of Pandu, Indian king, iv, 316 the Persian Gulf, 142, 153. Papak, Tribal King, 160, vi, 3, 160, i, 351, 353, seq., 357,

194. 195. 198 seq., 2H 368, 371 ; ii, 23, 28, 76. note and seq., 227, 252, loi, 226, 275, 286, 362,

254. 256 ; viii, 214. 219 410 ; iv, 146, 256, 269,

and note, 285 270, 318 ; V, 293, ; vi, 17. Sasan and, vi, 212 25, 32 note, 37, 45, 115,

daughter of, marries Sdsan, 119, 194 and passim ; vii, 160, vi, 213 86, 90, 95. 190, 194. 201, of mother Ardshir Papa- 206, 214, 224 ; viii, 109 kan, viii, 214 note. 112, 216, 241, 393, letter 68 Ardawan's to, vi, 214 395 ; ix, dies, vi, 218 corpse of Darius Codomanus kindred of, support Ardshir sent to, vi, 33 Papakan, vi, 223 seq. Ardshir Papakan fiees to, vi, Papakan Ardshir. See Ardshir 220 Papakan. marches from, against Ar- Parable, Mazdak's, vii, 201 dawan, vi, 227 Paradise Lost referred to, vi, 71 returns to, vi, 229 Pari, i, 83, 172 Iranians, after the death of Paris, city, MSS. of the Pseudo- Yazdagird son of Shapiir, Callisthenes in National meet to consult in, \i, 394 Library at, vi, 14 Parsi's, ix, 64 Parmuda {see too Khdn of Chin), Part Kings. See Tribal Kings. 170, lyi, viii, 75, 117, 130, Parthia, kingdom, v, 10 12,6 seq., 146, 1^0 seq., 164, Hystaspcs governor of, v, 174 10

hears of Bahr4m Chubina's Parthian, Paithians, i 10, 60, 64 ;

victory and takes counsel, vi, 203, 256, 322 ; vii, 156; viii, 131 viii, 73 marches toward Jihun, viii, conquest of fran by, i, 19 131 Zoioastrianism under, i, 63 340 GENERAL INDEX

ii and of Parthian, dynasty, iii, 9, ; v, Periods, mythic historic, 201 281 ; vi, 194, Shahnama, i, 49, 53 uses the title of King of Perozes (Piruz), Sasanian king, kings, vi, 197 v'ii, 159 Great King, vi, 198 Persepolis (Istakhr), city in

history, events of, repro- Pars, vi, 31, 32 note, 373 ; duced in distorted form in ix, 65 Shahnama, iii, 11 buildings at, attributed to kingdom, ii, 80 Humai, v, 293 Parvviz, Iranian chief, vi, 394 Zoroastrian sciiptuies said Parwiz, meaning of, viii, 187. to have been burnt at, i, See too Khusrau Parwiz. 63

Pashan (Ladan), battle of, iii, 15, Persia, i, 308 ; ii, 191 ; iii, 109, 128 8 note 80, 89 ; iv, 27, 36, 42, ; iv, ; v, 306 ;

90, 206 ; viii, 397 and vi, 61, 278 ; vii, 118, 129, 66 note 381 ; viii, 195 ; ix, 201 Pashang, father of Miniichihr, i, Chess brought to, vi, ;

90 ; iii, 25 (?) ; iv, 136, vii, 280, 284 seq. of Fables of marries daughter fraj ; Bidpai brought to, i, 205 vii, 213, 423 seq. 8 Pashang, ruler of Turan and Persian, Peisians, i, 6, seq., 73,

of ; ; ; father Afrasiyab, 142 ; 74 ii, 190 v, 74 vi, 30

i, 92, 336, 337 ; ii. II. 13. 44, 45, 81, 143, 148, 157, 201 and 18, 20, 21, 297, 401 ; iii, 170, passim

15 ; iv, 78, 136, 151, 174, bard, quoted, vii, 265 222, 266, 289 dispute with the Riimans consults his chiefs as to war over Sikandar's burial, vi,

with fran, i, 342 184 bids Afrasiyab invade fran, empire, ii, 9 ; vi, 197, ix, 65 with i, 343. 375 war of, Riim, viii, 41 advised by Ighriras not to history and legend in rela- tion to and make wai, i, 344 Greek history overrules Ighriras, i, 344 legend, ii, 9 Afrasiyab's letter to, i, 346 language, vi, 147, 205 ; vii, wroth with AfrasiyAb, i, 134, 140, 143, 430 ; ix, 12, 374 introduce the silk- Pashang (Shida, q.v.), son of monks worm into vi, Afrasiy4b, i, 92 ; iii, 15 Europe, 204 Pashin, son of Kai Kubad. See mutilation of captives, vi, Kai Pashin. 323. 334. 348, 357- 404 Pashin, Iranian noble, vi, 408 sea or gult, vi, 204, 205, ix, Patashwargar, region, vi, 202 and 66, 68 note swords, vii, 135 Pat-khusrau, brother of Gush- wisdom-literature, vii, 278 tasp, V, 26 seq., viii, 3 Patrician, iv, 348 verse, vii, 383 of trans- Patrons of Fiidausi, i, 29 Fables Bidpai Pauravas, Indian race and dyn- lated into, vii, 383 asty, vi, 31 conquest of Yaman, viii, 24 Pauriishasp. See Pourushaspa. note Pel fumes, invention of, i, 133 raid Syiia, viii, 41 GENERA J. INDEX .rfi iVisiaii, iVrsians, defeat by Phosi)hf)r, UKiining star, ii, 123 Romans rcfcrictl tt), viii, Piiolius, (luoted, viii, 191 Phraates 11, Parthian king, war with Turks, viii, jj (13. C. 13S-127), ii. So, 81 Book of Kings, viii, 73 Phraates = Farh ad, iii, 11 Tabari. See Tabari. Phrygians, the, vi, 71 = Bahram Chubina, viii, 113 Pil, as rhyme-word, i, 75 = Hurmuzd, viii, 116, 117 Pillar, Bahram Giii 's, vii, 92, 160, prince = Bahrain Chubina, i6t, 164 viii, 319 Pilsam, Turanian hero, 1^4, 146, ideas on marriage, ix, 7 ii, 112 seq., 320, 323 note, = Ashtdd and Kharrad, ix, 350 seq. : iii, 204 24 pleads for Siyawush, ii, 315 exonerate Shiiin, ix, 38 summons I'lran to save Far- ' win The Battle of tlie angis, ii, 322 Biidge,' ix, 67 Piran, son of Wisa, Turanian fail in attack on Hira, ix, 67 hero, cousin, commander- defeat of, at Kadisiya, ix, in-chief, and counsellor of 67, 84 Afrasiyab, 145, 146, 148-

Jalula, ix, 68 152, i, 92 ; ii, 3, 112, 188, Xahavand, ix, 69 257 seq., 264, 277, 291, Shu'ba Mughira's embassy 3". 315, 316. 335, 350, to, ix, 69 370. 377. 379 seq., 397. 26 robes, ix, 94 398 ; iii, 13, note, 39, transcribe Shalmama for 42, 58, 90, 91, 98 seq., 102, Firdausi, ix, 121 108, 120, 122, 123, 125, Persica, of Ktesias, v, 293 142, 149 seq., 158, 160, Persis (PArs, Farsistan), vi, 195 161, 169, 181 seq., 192, 193, Pesho-tanu (Bishutan q.v.), v, 199 seq., 216 seq., 222, 12 227, 232, 234, 242, 252, Pestilence, in reign of Kubad, ix, 253. 259, ?>05 seq., 335 ^e?-. 10 3. 7 349, 350, 357 ; iv, 7. . Petroleum, in ancient cult and seq., 15 seq., 29 seq., 36, 88 modem industry, i, 56 seq. 38, 41, 47, 59 seq., seq., Pharasmanes, King of Kharazm, 93 seq., 103, 106 seq., 117, vi, 72 118, 129, 134, 145, 159, of 206 Philip II Macedon, (Failakus, 160, 162, 205, ; viii, B.C. 382-336), father of 414 Alexander the Great, i, character of, i, 55 55 note, vi, 16, 29 identical with Harpagus in Nectanebus and, story of, legend, ii, 191 vi, 18 advises Afrdsiyab to receive names his son Alexander, Siyciwush, ii, 253 note and vi. 19 seq. Philon, Macedonian noble, vi, 76 goes to welcome Siydwush, Philosophers, Greek, enter- ii, 258 seq. tained by Niishirwin, vii, daughter of, 145. See J arira. 280 arranges marriages for Phocas, Eastern Roman Em- Siy4wush, 145, ii, 26S peror, viii, 187, 189, 193, seq. 194 entertains Siydwush, ii, 278 34^ GENERAL INDEX

I'l'ran, offers to licl]i Siyawush to Piran, goes to Khutan, lii, 107 builtl Gang-dizh, ii, 27S goes to oppose Tus, iii, 117 prophecy of Siyawush to, ii, informs Afrasiyab of the 2S2 seq. Iranian invasion, iii, 118 goes to collect tribute, ii, 285 reinforced, iii, 118 visits Siyawush, ii, 2S7 joins battle with Tus, iii, iiS Afrasiyab, ii, 288 sends a wailock to bring a summoned to save Far- snowstorm on the Iran-

angis, ii, 322 seq. ians, iii, 128 pleads for Farangis, ii, 324 defeats the Iranians, iii, 131 takes charge of Farangis, ii, takes counsel with his chiefs, 325 iii, 133 dreams of Siyawush, ii, 325 pursues the Iranians, iii, 134 protects the infant Kai sends Lahhak and Human Khusrau, ii, 326 seq. on in advance, iii, 135 advises Afrasiyab respecting reaches Mount Hamawan, Kai Khusrau, ii, 356 iii, 137 sends Kulbad and Nastihan beleaguers the Iranians, iii, to pursue Kai Khusrau, 138 ii. 377 attacked by Tus, iii, 139 overthrown with his host hears of the approach of by Giv, ii, 385 reinf01 cements, iii, 151 appeals to Kai Khusrau, ii, haiangues his host, iii, 151 386 goes to meet his allies, iii, released, ii, 387 153 desciibes Giv's prowess to plan of campaign of, re- Afiasiyab, ii, 389 jected, iii, 162 disgraced, ii, 390 hears of the arrival of Iran- retires to Khutan, ii, 390 ian succouis, iii, 164 seq. appointed to oppose the Rustam, iii, 174 Iranians, iii, 71, 79 takes counsel with Kami'is marches on Giravgard to and the chiefs, iii, 175, 182 surprise the Iranians, iii. attacks the Iranians, iii, 176 80 describes Rustam to Kamus, captures the Iranians' herds, iii, 183 iii, 81 parleys with Rustam, iii, 202 defeats the Iranians, iii, 82, reports to his kindred his 94 interview with Rustam, ^ Ruhham's embassy to, iii, 87 iii, 206 grants a month's aimistice declines Rustam's terms, iii, to Fariburz, iii, 88 217 losses of, in battle, iii, 94 retieats, iii, 231 takes half of Kawa's stand- counsels Afrasiyab, iii, 253 ard, iii, 94 uiges Afiasiyab to with- sends Ruin to attack Bah- draw to Chin, iii, 265 ram, iii, 98 city of, iii, 335 in goes to see Bafiram, iii, 99 enteitains Rustam dis- hears of the Iranians' re- guise, iii, 335 treat, iii, 105 pursues Rustam, iii, 349 informs Afrasiyab and re- sent by Afrasiyab to invade turns in triumph, iii, 106 Iran, iv, 11 GENERAL INDEX 313

PirAn, liokls park-y with (ii'v, iv, Piran, instructs them, iv, 95 JO holds a parley with Gudarz informs Afrcisiyab, iv, 20 and arranges with liim receives reinforcements, iv, the Battle of the Eleven 20 Rukhs, iv, 95 seq. rejects Giv's overtures, iv, steed of, slain by Gudarz, 21 iv, 107 occupies Kandbad, iv, 22 falls under his steed and is arrays his host, iv, 25 injured, iv, 107 gives the centre to Huni4n flees from Gudarz, iv, 107 iv. 25 refuses to surrender, iv, left to Burjisp, iv, 26 108 right to Lahhdk and wounds Gudarz, iv, 108 Farshidward, iv, 26 slain by Giidarz, iv, 109 sets scouts on the mountain- lamented for by Lahhak top, iv, 26 and Farshidward, iv, 112 dissuades Human from Kai Khusrau, iv, 127 fighting, iv, 30 buried with the Turanian heais of Hiimdn's death, iv, champions by Kai Khus- 51 rau, iv, 128 sends Nastihan to make a death of, announced to night-attack, iv, 53 Afiasiydb, iv, 151 hears of Neistihan's death, treasures of, taken pos- iv, 55 session of by AfrasiyAb, iv, attacks Giidarz, iv, 55 219 Piriiz proposes terms to Gudarz, (Perozes), ShAh, 166, vi, 3 ; iv, 63 vii, 4, 153, 178 seq., 335, letter sends Ruin with to 359 ; viii, 73, 75, 168, Gudarz, iv, 67 242, 245, 267, 285 receives Giidarz' reply, iv, 74 passed over in the succes- haiangues his troops and sion by Yazdagird, vii, prepares for battle, iv, 75 155 sends messenger to Afra- helped by the HaitaHans, siyab, iv, 75 vii, 156, 157 receives Afrasiy4b's reply, defeats Hurn^uz, vii, 157 iv, 80 Hurmuz p^irdoncd by, vii, becomes despondent, iv, 81, 156, 158 98 Reign of, 166, vii, 159 seq. sends LahhAk and Far- Note on, vii, 159 seq. shfdward to take the calamities of, \ii, 159 Trinians in flank, iv, 82 title of, vii, 159 fights with Gfv, iv, 84 relic of, vii, 159 appeals to Lahhak and measures of, against drought Farshidward for help, iv, vii, 159, 162 85 cities of, vii, 159, 163 announces the proposed expedition of, against the Battle of Eleven Rukhs, HaitaHans, vii, 159, 164 iv, 94 seq. gives the chief command to tradition of, vii, 160 Lahhdk and Farshidward, in mythical story, vii. iv, 94 161 344 GENERAL INDEX

of Piruz (Perozes), Bahram Gur's Piri'iz, son Shapur, fianian pillar said to have been noble, takes Rustam's moved by, vii, i6i letter to Sa'ad, ix, 80, 81 daughter of, taken prisoner, Piruzan, Persian general, com- vii, i6i mands Persian forces at child of, the wife of Nahavand, ix, 68 Kubad, vii, i6i, 184 slain, ix, 69 accession of, vii, 161 Piruz-Ram (Ram-Piruz), city advances against Khiish- built by Piruz, 166, vii, nawaz, vii, 164 159, 163 gives the van to Hurmuz, Piruz Shapur (Ambar q.v.), vi, vii, 164 3^7. 357 gives the real to Kubad, Pisces, constellation, i, 310 and note vii, 164 : ii, 407 ; iii, 26, 159, to gives the regency P)alash, 318 ; iv, 364 ; vi, 395 ;

vii, 164 vu, 245 ; viii, 51, 342 ; makes Sufarai (Sarkhan) ix, 71

minister to Balash^ vii, Pishdadian, Pishdadians, i, 116, note 164 and 373 ; vii, 161, 171 raphes to the appeal of Dynasty, i, 49, 115 seq.,

Khiishnawaz, vii, 165, 167 122 ; ii, 9, 336 ; iii, 9, 13 ; defeated by Khushnawaz, vi, 194 vii, 168 Plague. See Pestilence.

death of, vii, 168 Planets,the seven, vi,2o6 ; vii,4o8 Iranian tradition of the created by Ahriman, 3, 52 revenge for, vii, 170 evil influence of, i, 52 Sufarai determines to symbolized in the game of avenge, vii, 173 naid, vii, 3S2 Piruz, franian chief, vii, 85 Plato (Falatiin), Greek philo- Piiuz, Iranian general, vii, 187 sopher (B.C. 427-347), vii, Piruz, Iranian warrioi, vii, 219, 100 note 273 seq. Planisphere, ii, 215, 216 exhorts Nushzad to yield, Pleiads, Pleiades, i, 114, 205,

vii, 273 244. 245, 267, 332 ; ii,

Piriiz, father of Ustad, viii, 148, 282, 394, 408 ; iv, 296 183, 245, 329; V, no,

Piruz, son of Khusrau, minister 131 ; vi, 169, 401 ; \\\,

of Ardshir son of Shiiwi, 365 ; viii, 53, 158 175 Plutarch, Greek wiiter (A.D. 46- appointed general, ix, 44 120), vi, 67 letter of Guiaz to, ix, 46 Poll-tax, vii, 215, 225 takes counsel, ix, 46 Polo, game of, 145, ii, 263 seq., writes to Guraz, ix, 47 292; iv, 349, 350; vi, 329, Guraz marches against, ix, 379,382; vii, 57, 118, 143,

48 235 ; viii, 246, 247, 25S, 16 appeals to Tukhar, ix, 48 371 ; ix, feasts with Aidshir, ix, 48 episode in Karndmak and informs Guraz of the death Shahnama, vi, 196, 257, of Ardshir, ix, 51 263, 271

put to death, ix, 57 -stick, ii, 292 ; iv, 350 ; vi, Piruz, Iranian prince, ix, 59 27T, 272; vii, 118; viii, 247 GENERAL INDEX 315

Ponis (I'"i'ir (/.;.). liuliaii king, Pseudo-Calisthcncs, account and vi, 17, ()i siq., 00, 70, .S3 versions of, vi, 13 seq., son of, vi, 18, 63 17 Darius' lettci to, vi, 31 vogue of, \ i, 17 origin of name of, vi, ji treatise of I'allacliiis inter- kingdom of, vi, 31 p(jlated in, vi, 61 Alexander and, historical Alexander and Porus in, vi, account of, vi, 63 64 in the Pseudo-Callisthc- historic elements in, vi, 83 nes, vi, 64, 67 Egyptian elements in, vi, 83 statute of, vi, 64 Persian elements in, vi, 83 nephew of, vi. So Arabic elements in, vi, 83 Pourushaspa, father of Zai- diagram to illustrate, vi, 84 duhsht son of (Zoroaster), ii, g ; Ptolemy, Lagus, one of V, 14. 15. 17 Alexander the Great's Prefatory Note, vii, v generals, king of Egypt Prelate, or bishop q.v., iv, 341, (B.C. 323-283), and his-

34S ; vi, 184 torian, vi, 12, 13, 66 as a militarist, iv, 197 ; v, Piilad, div, ii, 44, 54, 55, 64,

306; vi, 124; viii, 47 93 ; iii, 256 ; iv, 296 and and vote note ; v, 204 Prelude, to Shahnania, i, 99 seq. Pul4d, Iranian hero, ii, 22 Kai Turanian Kaus, ii, 29 Pulad, hero, ii, 264 ; Suhrdb, ii, 119 iii, 199, 234 Siyawush, ii, 191 Piilad wand, Turanian hero or Kai Khusrau, iii, 15 div, I4g ; iii, 191, 268, Farud, iii, 37 270 Kamus, iii, no summoned by Afrasiyab, iii, Akwan, iii, 272 254 Bizhan and Manizha, iii, 2S7 goes to help Afrasiyab, iii, Battle of the Twelve Rukhs, 255 iv, 9 takes counsel with Afra- Rustam and Shaghad, v, 261 siyAb, iii, 256 Niishirwan, vii, 220 worsts Tus, iii, 257 Hurmuzd, viii, 77 Giv, Ruhhdm, and Biz- Presbyter, iv, 348 han, iii, 258 Prithd, Indian princess, iv, 316 cleaves in twain Kawa's Procopius, Byzantine historian standard, iii, 25S (6th century A.D.), vii, 187 challenged by Rustam, iii, Prometheus, i, 57 259 Pronunciation, Note on, preced- overthrown by Rustam, iii, ing text in each volume. 264 Property-tax, remission of, 165 withdraws with his army Prophet, the, Praise of, Jjp from the luld, iii, 265

Proverb, i, 194, 195. 197 ; vii, Pun-t (Berbera q.v.), ii, 79

185 ; viii, 187 Piirandukht, Shah, lys, v, 294 ; Pseudo - Callisthenes, Greek vi, 3 ; ix, 56 Romance of Alexander reproaches Kubad, ix, 17 the Great, ii, 9 ; vi, makes Shahranguiaz prime 30 seq., 62 seq., 71, 72, minister, ix, 56 74 seq. True Cross and, ix, 56 346 GENERAL INDEX

Purmaya (Barmaiiin), brother of Rai, city and district near Tih- 261 Faridun, i, 90, 91 ; v, ran, 174, i, 363, 366 seq. ; referred to, i, 147, 165 ii. 23, 399 ; iii, 242 ; iv, the 18 Kaianush and, summon 147, 255, 256 ; V, 14, ; smiths to Faridun, i, 158 vi, 32, 202, 219, 229 ; vii, with go Faridun against 84, 160, 184 ; viii, 72, Zahhak, i, 159 155, 166, 171, 173, 174, to kill attempt Faridun, 189, 214, 216, 240 ; ix, i, 160 68, 69, 89, 95, 96

Pusfairukh, ix, 50 seat of the Magi, i, 60 Python, Apollo and the, vi, 203 Khar of. See Khar, i, 368, 374. 381 Ardawan's capital, vi, 201 Q Shapur of, vii, 184, 185, 191, 192 Queen of Chin (wife of the seat of Arsacid power, viii, Khan), viii, 190 72 daughter of, slain by lion- Bahram Chubina goes to, ape, viii, 322 viii, 306 asks Bahram Chubina to Khusrau Parwiz oppresses, avenge her daughter, viii, viii, 365 324 misery of, viii, 367 steward of, plots with Khar- Gurdya delivers, viii, 368 rad against Bahram Chubina Rai. See Raja. viii. 335 Raibad, town, about twenty daughter of, cuied by Khar- miles west of Nishaptii, rad, viii, 336 and district east of the grants boon to Khan ad, Jagatai range, in Khura- viii, 338 san,*, iv, 17, 22, 23, 47, disgraced, viii, 3^4 55, 76, 88, 112, 134 Questions, Mountain of the Holy, occupied by Gudarz, iv,

i, 62 16 hard, vii, 102 seq. arrival of Kai Khusiau at, Quince, omen of the, ix, 13, 14 iv, III, 126 Quintus Curtius, Roman writer Rdja (Rai) of Hind, temp. Luh-

(ist century A.D.), vi, 65 rasp, iv, 321 ; ix, 17 on the Amazons, vi, 72 temp. Niishirwan, i6g, vii, 140 and note, 143, 424 proposes wager to Niishir- R wan, vii, 5, 385, 387 receives game of nard from Races, duplicate in West and Nushirwan, vii, 5, 381, East, vi, 68 389 seq. fair-haired, vi, 73 fails to discover how to play Rad, ruler of Zabulistan, vii, 86 the game, vii, 392 Rada, Mount, ix, 91, 94 pays forfeit to Nushirwan, Radwi, archimage vii, 393 pleads with Mahwi for Yaz- receives Ntishirwan's gifts dagird, ix, 102 from Barzwi, vii, 425

•The village of Riwad to the south of the range may perhaps indicate what was once the western boundary ol the district. GENERAL INDEX 347

Kaja, assists Barzwi in his mis- Ram, personification of the See sion to Hind, vii, 428 Divine Grace, i, 374. letter of, ix, 17 mountain-sheep. put in cliarge of Shirin, Rustam's life saved by a, ii, ix, 17 46 _ Rakhsh, Rustam's steed, T42, i, constellation, ii, 299 ; v, 129 226 3S6; ii, 13, 42 scq., 67, 74, Ram, Fire-temple, vi, 202, 94, 97, 110, 116, 139, 143, Ram, franian wairior, viii, 291 311 354; iii, 146, 177, Rdm Ardsliir, city, vi, 202, 290 186, 189, 194, 195, 223, and note 224, 226, 227, 229, 259, Rdm Barzin, high priest and 264, 275, 276, 278, 279, general, 167, vii, 275 313. 3^4. 3-26, 335, 342. Kubad's testament kept by, 210 344. 346 seq., 350, 352 ; vii, Nushirwan's instructions to, iv. 295 ; V, 117, 184, 192, 198. 207, 208, 214, 219, concerning Nushzad, vii, 228 seq., 234 seq., 266, 275 267 seq. to with Nush- caught by Rustam, i, 378 goes fight seq. z4d, vii, 272 of 's last described, i, 379, 380 hears Nushzad care taken of, i, 380 wishes, vii, 276 Persian slays a lion, ii, 45 Ram Barzin, official, encounters a dragon, ii, 48 viii, 313 wife of stolen by Turkmans, ii, 121 Rambihisht, Sasin, vi, seq. 198 in sire of Shurab's charger, ii, Ram Hurmuz, city Khuzistan, 128 east of Ahwaz, vi, 199 saddled by Giv, Ruhliam, plain of, vi, 199 - - and Tiis for the fight with Ramishn i Ardshir, district, Suhrab, ii, 160 vi, 202 referred to, iii, 184, 228, Ram Kubad (Aragan), city, vii, 188 253 ; V, 199 wounded by Asfandiyar, v, Ram Piruz. See Piiuz Rdm. 229 Rangwi, Iranian warrior, viii, returns home without Rus- 296 tam, V, 229 Rasafa, viii, 188 Rustam's thought of aban- Rashnawad, captain of the host doning, V, 235 to Hum^i, 158 healed by the Simurgh, v, assembles troops, v, 301 237 Darab enlists under, v, tries to save Rustam, v, 301 270 host of, reviewed by HumAi, falls into the pit, v, 270 V, 302 body of, taken from pit by marches on Riim, v, 302 Faramaiz, v, 275 and the adventure of the tomb of, V, 276 ruined vault, v, 303 loid of = Rustam, v, 306 gives presents to Darab, v, Rakhshasas, vi, 13 304 Rakka (Callinicus, KAliniyus ^.t;., questions DarAb, v, 304 Nicephorium, Warigh), sends for the laundercr and city, viii, 188 his wife, v, 304 348 GENERAL INDEX

Rashnawdd, Darab and, defeat Rivm'z, son-in-law of Ti'is, 14^, the Rumans, v, 305, 306 iii, 14, 25, 45, 57, 60, 71 praises Darab, v, 305, 306 prepaics to attack Farud, tJie offers Darab spoil, v, 306 iii, 51 to grants peace Caesar, v, referred to, iii, 55 307 burial of, iii, 68 returns to son of Iran, v, 307 Rivniz, Kai Kaus, ii, 3 ; from hears the launderer and iii, 14, 96, 113, 114, 232 his wife about the case of slain, iii, 93 Darab, v, 308 battle for crown of, iii, 94 writes to Humai about the Rivniz, son of Zarasp, iv, 360 case of Darab, v, 308 Zarir and, go to Rum, iv, 360 appears with Darab before hails Gushtasp as Shah, iv, Humai, v, 309 seq. 362 Ras-Shapiir (Gund-i-Shapur, Rizniihr (Zarmihr), son of Sufa-

q.v.),city. vi, 255, 256 rai, 166, vii, 207 ; viii, i6g Rati, weight, vi, 156 and note identical with Sufaiai, vii, Raven, Raven-head, ix, 91 and 185 note, 95 note, 96 Kubad and, go to the Hai- Ravi (Hydraotes), river in the talians, vii, 186 Punjab, vi, 64 fate of, vii, 186 Rawalpindi, town and distiict in loyalty of, to Kubad, vii, 196 the Punjab, vi, 62 helps Kubad to escape from Rawlinson, Sir Henry, his ac- prison, vii, 197 count of Gotarzes' insciip- negotiates a marriage for tion at Bihistun, iii, 9 Kubad, .vii, 197 Rawlinson, Professor, vi, 253 made chief minister, vii, 200 Red Sea, ii, 364 Rizwan, angel, ii, 39 and note, Reeds (bamboos), vi, 71 288

gigantic, seen by Sikandar, Roc, mythical bird, i, 51, 235 10 vi, 148 Roman, Romans, i, ; iii, 2S6 ; used in house-building, vi, vi, 254, 318, 325, 326 ; vii,

71, 148 214 ; viii, 188, 189, 195 ; Religion, War of the, v, 19, 26 ix, =;o, 66 two campaigns of, v, 29 relations of, with the Iran- Remus, See Romulus. ians, i, 14 188 Reseph, viii, empire, Eastern, i, 373 ; vi, Responses, of Nushirwan, viii, 14 253 seq., 28 seq. war of, with Persian, viii, Revellers, Rosary of, ix, 38, 40 41. 193 _ visit Rhyme-words, i, 74 ; ii, 228 Alexander's legendary note 261 ; v, ; vi, 372 ; to, vi, 30 vii, 88 and note, 89 and emperors, vi, 321, 371, 372 note, 174 and note, 245 and neglect the defences of the note, 263 and note Caucasus, vii, 187 Firdausi and, viii, 397 note so-called tribute of, to Ridge of Gushtasp, v, 29 Persia, vii, 1S7 Riv-Ardshir, city east of the treatment of Munzir by, vii, Jarahi river near the head 217 of the Persian Gulf, vi, 202 leads to war with Nushir- referred to, vi, 224 wan, vii, 217 GENERAL l.\DEX 349

Romans.defeat Bahr^m Chiibfna, Rudaba, go-between of, with

viii, 76 Zal, i, 2 So

Romance of Alexander the Great 7A\ sends Sdm's kttei to, i, (Pseiulo-Callisthenes, 280

q.v.), vi, II scq., 88 rewaids her go-between, i, incorporation of, in Shdh- 281 ndma, vi, 16 go between of, discovered by vogue of, vi, 1 7 Sindukht. i, 281 sources of marvels in, vi, 12, reproached by her parents, i, 69 282, 2S7 diagiam to illustiate, vi, 84 congratulated by Sindukht, Rome, vi, 194, 197, 203, 301, i. 315 seen and admired by Sam, i, Shapi'ir son of Ardshir's wars 318

with, vi, 294, 297 married to Zal, i, 318 BahrAm Gur's war with, vi, Zdl and, go to Si'stan, i, 319 373 giievous travail of, i, 320 Romulus and Remus, foundling saved by the Sfmurgh, i, 321 legend of, v, 293 Caesarean operation per- in Rook, piece chess. See Rukh. formed upon, i, 322 of Rosary Revellers, ix, 38, 40 gives birth to Rustam, i, Roxana (Rushanak, q.v.), vi, 33 322 Alexander and, vi, 30 fasts in sorrow for Rustam, account of, vi, 32 v, 278 Rudiba, daughter of Mihrab fren2ry of, v, 278 king of Kabul, wife of Zal, regains her wits, v, 279 and mother of Rustam, referred to, v, 190, 289

141, 157. i. 145. 299 : ii, lamentation of, v, 289 180 versifies 44, ; v, 182, 184, 190 Riidagi, Persian poet, note the Fables of Bidpai, vii, Story of Zal and, i, 256 seq. 3S3. 431 referred to, iii, 285 Riidbar, district, v, 30 Zal hears of, i, 257 Rudj'-Ab, father of Papak (in description of, i, 257, 259, Shahnama), vi, 200, 212 264, 266, 272 Rue, vnld, as a prophylactic, i, hears of Zal, i, 260 380

falls in love with Zal, i, 260 Ruhham, son of Gudarz, Tidnian handmaids of, go in quest of heio, ii, 4. 62, 73, 144, 158,

Zal, i, 263 340 ; iii, 19, 33, 48, 67,

interview ZAl, i, 266 115, lit scq., 139 sf(/., 154, invite Z41 to visit RudAba, 157, 182, 187, 211, 248, i, 267 259, 264, 268, 273, 322,

reproached by the porter, 350, 352 ; iv, 13, 15. 21, vii i, 267 31, 37, 147 ; 156 describe Z41, i, 268 helps to saddle Rakhsh for prepares to receive 7.k\, i, the fight with SuhrAb, ii, 269 160 entertains, and plights her mortally wounds Farud, iii, troth to, Z41, i, 272 64 Zk\ consults the archiniagcs embassy of, to Pirdn, iii, 87 on the matter of, i, 273 attacks ]5azur, iii, i^ij 350 GENERAL INDEX

Ruhham, worsted by Ashkabiis, Ruin, entertained by Giidarz, iv, iii, 179 68 goes to the help of Rustam, returns to Piran with Gii- iii, 227 darz' reply, iv, 74 worsted by Pulddwand, iii, goes to help Piran against 258 Gi'v and is defeated, iv, 84 goes with Rustam to rescue chosen to fight with Bizhan, Bizhan, iii, 334 iv, 97 commands the left wing, iv, slain by Bizhan, iv, 103 24 Riiina, place, ix, gi superseded pro tern, by Rukh, piece in chess (castle), vii, Farhad, iv, 92 385. 423

chosen to fight with Barman position of, iv, 8, ; vii, 388, iv, 97 422 8 slays Barman, iv, 102 move of, iv, ; vii, 422 sent by Giidarz to fetch Rukhs, Battle of the Twelve, 151; Piran's corpse, iv, 110 iv, 7 seq. acts as Kai Khusrau's stan- meaning of, iv, 7 dard-beaier in his combat Battle of the Eleven, 151, with Shida, iv, 171 iv, 88 protests against Kai Khus- arranged by Giidarz and rau's fighting on foot with Piran, iv, 95 seq. Shida, iv, 174 Firdausi's reflections on, holds Kai Khusrau's steed, iv, 7, 98, 106

iv, 175 referred to, v, 29 ; vii, 156 instiucted by Kai Khusrau Riim, the Eastern Roman Em- to bury Shida, iv, 176 pire, 15^, 15S, 162, i6y,

Kai Khusrau remonstrated ^72. 173, i, 15, 229 ; ii,

with by, and other nobles 143. 297, 307, 360 ; iii, for refusing audience, iv, 106, 151, 164, 296 ; iv, 14, 275 133. 148. 196, 197. 208, Ruhham, king of Rai, temp. 272, 312, 314, 316, 317, Bahram Giir, vii, 85 2,2^ seq., 330, 331, 333 55?-. Ruhhcim, Iranian warrior, vii, 339, 341 seq., 345, 348, 349 156 352, 353. 355. 356, 359, helps Piruz to gain the 361, 364, ; V, 75, 76. 102,

throne, vii, 156, 186 ; 180, 188, 262, 301, 305 ; viii, 73 vi, 40, 41, 45, 51, 53, 81, and Ruin, son of Piran, 151, i, 92 ; 94, 104, 113 seq.,

iii, 207, 234 ; iv, 10, 71, passim 90, 102, 152, 153, 162 king of = Mahmiid, i, 113 summons Piran to save = Sikandar, vi, 172

Farangis, ii, 323 and note West and, Salm's portion, i, sent by Piran to attack 189 Bahram, iii, 98 brocade of, i, 157, 183, 210, wounded by Bahram, iii, 252, 2G3, 316 and passim ; 99 iii, 26, 235, 291, 297, 355 ; put in command of ambush, iv, 128, 271. 364 ; v, 295 ;

iv, 26 vi, 56, 89 ; vii, 64, 67, 276,

bears letter from Piran to 384 ; viii, 157, 173, 278. loi Giidarz, iv, 67 337. 367. 374 ; i^'. 99. GENERAL INDEX 351

Rum, hdm of, iii, 114 Ruman, Riimans, king of = Philip sea of, iii, 177 of Macedon, vi, 19 city in, founded by Salm, iv, carry out works in fran, vi, 3-25 21 ravaged by Rashnawdd and = Sikandar, vi, 50, 52, DarAb, v, 307 ambassadors from, come to Iranians ask quarter of, vi, DArab, vi, 21 51 wars Darab with, vi, 22 tongue, vi, 160 ; vii, 256, prince of, vi, 22 261 chiefs of, vi, 23, 153 dispute with the Persians as withdraw on Darab's ap- to Sikandar's burial, vi, proach, vi, 23 184 tribute of, to frin, vi, 24 sages, vi, 1S5 explained, vii, 187 their sentences over the ambassadors from, come to coffin of Sikandar, vi, Dara, vi, 35 I, 85, seq.

reed (pen) of, vi, 85 silk, vi, 280, ; vii, 424 stufTs of, vi, 143 defeated by Shapur, son of philosophers of, vi, 115, Ardshir, vi, 297

154 ; viii, 279, 382 engineeis build bridge at cavaliers of, vi, 167 Shiishtar, vi, 299 Shah of = Sikandar, vi, 170 astrologic tablets, vi, 376

Sikandar's policy to safe- eunuchs, vii, 67, ; viii, guard, vi, 178 279 Arastalis' advice to Sikan- pen, vii, 73 dar concerning, vi, 179 helmet, vii, 89, 272, 274 invaded by Shapur, vi, 350 bishop, vii, 275, 276 slave-girls of, chosen by envoy, viii, 8 seq. Bahram Gui, vi, 382 surrender to Niishirwan, viii, Bahram Gur's war with, vii, 47 4. 5, 84 entrench themselves, viii, ^ Niishirwdn's wars with, vii, 47 213 sue for peace and pay tribute robes of, viii, 308 viii, 51 seq. captured cities of, restored architect, viii, 193, 401 to, viii, 312 marches, viii, 252 monks of, slain by Mcihwi, robes, viii, 253 ix, 113 helms, viii, 105, 276, 417 Kiiman, Riimans, 154, 158, 162, worsted by Hahr4m Chii-

167, 172, 173, iii, 309 ; iv, bina, viii, 292

357. 360, 363 ; V, 173, 205 artificers imprisoned by loi 292 ; vi, 44, 45, seq., Khusrau Parwiz, viii, 402 113, 114, 127, 142, 148, released by Khusrau Par- 1 08, 170, 179 seq., and wiz, viii, 403 passim Riimiya (New Antioch, Siirsin of slaves, i, 252 ; vi, 3S2 ; vii,

defeated by Rashnawdd and Riis (Russia), vi, 19 ; viii, 406 Daiab, v, 305 seq. king of, vi, 22 352 GENERAL INDEX

Rushanak (Roxana, q.v.), daugh- Rustam, goes with Zal and ter of Dara Mihrab to (in Shahnama) meet Sam, i, 325 and wife of the Sikandar, 15S, slays white elephant, i, 86 188 159. ii. 3 ; vi, seq., 327. 377 account of, vi, 32 bidden by Zal to take Mount derivation of, vi, 33 Sipand, i, 329 bestowed Dai a on Sikan- takes by Mount Sipand, i, 331, dar, vi, 55 377 son 181 of, vi, 81, sends the Spoil to Zal, i, 333 visited sets fire to by Nahi'd, vi, 89 Mount Sipand, i, married to Sikandar, vi, 90 333 reference in Sikandar's Will, bidden by Zal to prepare for 181 to, vi, wax-, i, 376 Rushan Piruz, city, vii, 160 reply of, i, 376

Russia, vi, 19 Zal gives Sam's mace to, i, Russian, Russians, vi, 19 378

empire, vi, 19 obtains Rakhsh, i, 378 foundation of, vi, 19 goes in quest of Kai Kubad, cloth, ix, no i, 382 seq. Rustam, son of Zal, fianian slays Kulun, i, 386 national hero, 141-150, first campaign of, ii, 11 seq. 153, 154. 15^, 157, i. 42, nearly takes Afrasiyab 68, 90, 174, 235 seq., 376 prisoner, ii, 14, 116, 354

seq. ; ii, 4, 18, 25, 34, 35, rewarded by Kai Kubad, ii, 42 seq., 79, 92 seq., 188, 21 236, .237, 271, 286, 290, Seven Courses of (Haft 311, 316, 318, 319, 335, Khwan) 143, ii, 44 seq. MA seq., 349 se^-, 37i, 372, life of, saved by a ram, ii, 46

380, 394, 400 ; iii, 24, 35, song of, ii, 51 36, 40, 107 seq., 121, 134, rescues Kai Kaiis in Mazan- 138, 141 seq., 155, ib^seq., daran, ii, 58 182 iv seq., 294, 307, 308 ; handgrip of, ii, 66, 67 II, 13, 27, 30, 65. 157, encounter of, with Kalahur, 167, 172, 198, 226, 227, ii, 67 277, 285, 289, 292, 319, Juya, ii, 71

324 ; v, 9, 22, 30, 50, 73, audience of, with the king of 86, 165, 254 seq., 278, 279, M^zandaran, ii, 67 seq.

281, seq., 298 ; vi, 325, encounter of, with the king

395 ; vii, 151 ; viii, 106, of Mazandaran, ii, 73

177, 219, 223, 332 ; ix, 25 rewaided bj^ Kai Ivaus, ii, 77 Caesarean birth of, i, entertains Kai Kaiis, ii, 83 236, 321 seq. takes the king of Shim account of, in Moses of prisoner, ii, 97 Chorene, i, 236 defeats Afrasiyab, ii, 100 presage of, by the astrolo- made paladin of paladins by gers, i, 278, 307 Kai Kius, ii, loi Simurgh, i, 321 goes in search of Kai Kaus, oiigin of name, i, 322 and ii, 104 note takes part in the Fight of the effigy of, sent to Salm, i, 322 Seven Warriors, ii, 107 seq. nurturing of, i, 324 slays Alkiis, ii, 115 GENERA!. I.\l>i:.\ 353

Kiistam, and Siihrab, Story of, Rustam, daughtn of, ii, 3S3, ii, 1 1 S seq. 384, iii, 3^3 loses Kaklish, ii, 121 wife of, ii, 3S4, iii, 323 Afrasiyab's plot against, ii, hears of Kai Khusrau's 129 arrival in fran, ii, 395 holds a drinking-bout, ii, 141 Turkman occupation of Za- quarrels with Kai K4us, ii. bulistan, accoimt of by, iii, 142 14 reconciled by Giidarz, ii, 144 goes to do homage to Kai seg. Khusrau, iii, 17 goes in disguise to see Suh- witnesses Kai Khusiau's r4b, ii, 149 oath to avenge Siyawush, adventure of, with Zhanda iii, 22 Rami, ii, 149 seq. proposes to Kai Khusrau to Suhrab described by, ii, 151, expel Turkmans from ZA- 166 bulistan, iii, 30 encampment of, described, asks Kai Khusrau to pardon in ii. 154 Tiis and the franians armed by Tus, Giv, and the matter of Fai lid, iii, Ruhham for his fight with "3 Suhrab, ii, 160 summoned by Kai Khusrau, challenges Suhrab, ii, 161 iii. 143 charge of, to Zawara, ii, 167 advocates the maiiiage of dechnes Suhrab's advances, Fariburz and Faiangis, ii, 169 iii, 146 saves his life by a ruse, ii, marches to succour Tus, iii, 170 148 prays that his strength may meets Gudarz, iii, 171 be restored, ii, 171 takes counsel with Tus and learns too late that Suhrab the chiefs, iii, 172 is his son, ii, 173 arrays the host, iii, 177 grief of, ii, 173 seq. fight of, with Ashkabiis, makes a truce with Humdn, legend about, iii, 109 ii, 176 leferied to, viii, 75 tries to slay Hajir, ii, 176 parleys with Ashkabiis, iii, himself, ii, 177 180 181 brings up Siyawush, ii, 196 slays Ashkabiis, iii, maiches with him against described by Piran, iii, 183 Afrisiyab, ii, 225, seq. harangues the troops, iii, returns and quarrels with 186, 219. 223. 232, 235

Kai ii, Kamiis, iii, KAus, 242 seq. challenged by grief and wrath of, at the 187 slain death of Siyawush, ii, 338 spear-bearer of, by seq. Kdmiis, iii, 188 188 puts Surkha to death, ii, 346 parleys with Kimiis, iii, lights with the Turanians, ii, takes Kamiis prisonei, iii, 349 seq. 189 appoints Tus ruler of Ch4ch, and the Kh4n of Chin, Story ii. 35S of, I4(), iii, 191 seq. Gudarz ruler of Sughd and refe.red to, iii, 193 Sipanjab, ii, 35S slays Chingish, iii, 195 VOL. IX. Z 354 GENERAL INDEX

Rustam, parleys with Human, Rustam, Story of fight of, with iii, 196 the div Akwan, J79, iii, conditions of peace offered 271 seq. to by, iii, 197. 205 summoned court by Kai parleys with Pi'ran, iii, 202 Khusrau, iii, 274 the div proposes peace on terms to pursues Akwan, iii, the Iranians, iii, 211 275 warned by Giidarz not to foiled by Akwan, iii, 276 trust Piran, iii, 212 taken at a disadvantage by wrath of, with Piran, iii, 218 Akw4n, iii, 276 of unhoises Shangul, iii, 221 offered a choice deaths by prowess of, in battle, iii, 222 Akwan, iii, 277 seq. outwits Akwan, iii, 277 overthrows Kundur, iii, 224 finds Rakhsh among Afra- slays Sciwa, iii, 224 siyab's herds, iii, 278 Gahar, iii, 225 encounters Afrasiyab's attacks the Khan of Chin, herdsmen, iii, 279 iii, 225, seq. defeats Afrasiyab, iii, 280 victorious, iii, 231, seq. slays Akwan, iii, 281 wroth with Tiis and the carries off the spoil, iii, Iranians, iii, 234 281 sends Fariburz to Kai Khus- welcomed by Kai Khusrau, rau with tidings of victory, iii, 282 his iii, 236, seq. tells adventure with leads on the host, iii, 238 Akwan, iii, 282 reaches Sughd, iii, 244 rewarded by Kai Khusrau, sends troops to attack iii, 283 Bidad, iii, 244 returns home, iii, 283 to in slays Kafiir, iii, 245 summoned court the besieges and stoims Bidad, matter of Bizhan, iii, 319 iii, 246 seq. sends Gi'v to raid Khutan, visited by Giv, iii, 322 iii, 247 promises to help Giv, iii, praised by Giidarz, iii, 248 324 described Dy Afrasiyab, iii, goes with Giv to court, iii, 251 326 attacks the Turanians, iii, address of, to Kai Khusrau, 257 iii, 327 challenges Puladwand, iii, undertakes the rescue of 259 Biziian, iii, 330 overthrows PulAdwand, iii, plan of, iii, 333 264 chooses his comrades, iii, defeats the Turanians, iii, 334 266 goes disguised to Turan, iii, divides the spoil, iii, 266 335 ravages Tiiran, iii, 266 gives presents to Piran, iii, returns in triumph, iii, 267 336 asks Kai Khusrau's leave to welcomed by Piran, iii, 336 return to Zdl, iii, 269 opens a market, iii, 337 rewarded by Kai Khusrau, interviews of, with Mam'zha, iii, 269 iii. 337. 342 GENERAL IXJJliX 355

Rustam, soiuls food and his ring Rustam, left by Kai Khusrau in to Jiizhan, iii, 340 Chin, iv, 241 removes boulder of Akwan welcomes Kai Khusrau on return from pit's mouth, iii, 345 his from Gang- makes conditions foi release dizh, iv, 251 with Bizhan, iii, 345 accompanies Kai Khusrau releases Bizhan, iii, 346 to Siydwushgird, iv, 252 arrays his troops against summoned by the frinians with Kai Alrdsiy4b, iii, 350 to remonstrate mocks Afrasiyab, iii, 351 Khusrau, iv, 278 the sets defeats Afrasiyab, iii, 352 with Zal and sages, for triumphant return of, iii, forth fr4n, iv, 279 353 met on arrival by Giidarz presents Bizhan to Kai and other chiefs, iv, 282 the Khusiau, iii, 354 holds converse with rewarded by Kai Khusrau, Iranians, iv, 282 Kai Khus- iii, 356 audience of, with goes to Sistan, iii, 356 rau, iv, 283 seq. sent to Hindustan by Kai holds, with other chiefs, at Khusrau, iv, 14 the bidding of Kai Khus- successes of, iv, 60, 71 rau an assembly on the troops of, recalled, iv, 145 plain, iv, 291 seq. commands the right wing, Kai Khusrau 's gift to, iv, iv, 147 295 attacks with Kai Khusrau confirmed by Kai Khus- from the centre, iv, 180 rau in possession of Nini- %\dth Zawara to the ruz, iv, 297 goes [

' right wing, iv, 180 sets out with Kai Khusrau sent to the desert to attack on his pilgrimage, iv, Ta^\^lIg, iv, 188 306 reports his defeat of Tawurg, turns back at the bidding of iv, 193 Kai Khusrau, iv, 307 advances, iv, 194 laments the loss of the pala- failure of Afrasiyab's at- dins and returns to fran, tempt to surprise, iv, 195 iv, 310 takes part in the siege of Zeil and, welcome Gushtasp Gang-bihisht, iv, 199, 208 to Sistin, V, 85 in between seq. rivalry legend Kai Khusrau 's converse Asfandiycir and, v, 116 with, iv, 198, 199 Haft Khwan of, compared captures Jahn and Garsiwaz, with that of Asfandiyar, iv, 210 V, 117 advises Kai Khusrau to Asfandiyar's fight with. reject Afrdsiydb's over- Story of, 156, V, 166 seq tures, iv, 222 recited by Nadr, son of ordered to prepare for a Harith, at Mecca, v, 166 night-attack from Afra- referred to, v, 169, 170, 30O siyab, iv, 224 Gushtdsp bids Asfandiyai supports Kai Khusrau 's pro- go against, v, 173 posal to pursue Afrasiyab Asfandiydi's message to, v, to Gang-dizh, iv, 231 179 356 GENERAL INDEX

Rustam, life of, attempted by Rustam, bids Zawara bring him Bahman, v, 184 his arms, v, 218 interview of, with Bahman rejects Zal's counsels, v, 220 V. 185 arms for battle, v, 222 entertains Bahman, v, 186 gives Zawara charge of the great appetite of, v, 1S6, 210 troops, V, 222 jests with Bahman on his goes with Zawara to the small appetite, v, 1S6 Hirmund, v, 222 sends Zawara and Faramar'z instructs Zawara, v, 222 to bid Zal and Riidaba crosses the Hirmund and prepare to receive Asfan- summons Asfandiyar to diyar, v, 190 the combat, v, 223 goes to the Hirmund, v, suggests a general engage- igi ment, v, 224 parleys with Asfandiyar, v, distress of, at the death of 192, seq. Niish Azar and Mihr-i- invites Asfandiyar to visit Niish, V, 228 him, V, 193 offers to surrender Zawara accepts Asfandiyar's invita- and Faramaiz to Asfan- tion to a feast, v, 195 diyar, v, 228 tells Zal, of his interview wounded by Asfandiyar, v, with Asfandiyar, v, 196 229 indignation of, at not being flees from Asfandiyar, v, summoned to the feast, 229 v, 197 sends Zawara with a message sets forth to reproach Asfan- to Zal, v, 230 diyar, V, 198 parleys with Asfandiyar, v, wrangle of, with Asfandiyar, 231 v, 198 seq. recrosses the Hirmund, v, demands his proper seat at 231 the feast, v, 200 kin of, grieve over his Zal and, vilified by Asfan- wounds, V, 234 diyar, v, 201 bids the leeches to attend to details his ancestry, v, 202 Rakhsh first, v, 234 recounts Sam's exploits, v, despair of, v, 235 202 advised by Zal, v, 235 his own exploits, v, 203, Zal summons the Simurgh 207 to the aid of, v, 235 patents of, from Kai Kaus healed by the Simurgh, v, and Kai Khusrau, v, 203 237 aged six hundred years, v, instructed by the Simurgh 204 how to overcome Asfan- tries a handgrip with Asfan- diyar, V, 237, seq. of diyar, v, 209 cuts the fatal branch accepts Asfandiyar's chal- tamarisk, v, 239 lenge, V, 209 prepares the arrow, v, 240 asks for neat wine, v, 211 summons Asfandiyar to re- makes fresh overtures to new the light, v, 240 final eifort for Asfandiyar, v, 211 seq. makes a peace addresses the royal tent- with Asfandiyar, v, 241 enclosure, v, 215 seq. GENERAL IXDEX 357

Kustam, bewails Asfaiuliydr ti> Rustam, Shaghdd, glories over,

Bishutan, v, j-j

Sa'ad, succeeds Abu 'Ubaida, ix, Sakil, son of Ca;sar, temp. 67 Luhrasp, iv, 355 at Kadisiya, ix, 67, 6g commands the left wing, founds Kiifa, ix, 67 iv. 355

takes Ctesiphon, ix, 67 Sakila, mountain, i6g, iv, 342 ; recalled, ix, 68 viii, 41 sent by 'Umar to invade dragon of, 154, iv, 342 seq. fran, ix, 72 referred to, iv, 343, 351, letter of Rustam to, ix, 78 358 taken by Piruz, ix, 80, 81 stronghold of, taken by Sabbakh, king of Yaman, iv, 146 Rumans, viii, 47 Saklab Sabz dar sabz, melody, viii, 399 (Slavonia), ii, 360 ; iii, and note 152, 164, 177, 185, 204, 221 Sacae (Scythians), i, 17, 19 218, seq., 235, 238,

Rustam a personification of, 243. 255 ; vi, 179 ; vii,

i, 68; vi, 194 112, 115, 364 ; viii, 379 Sacaestan. See Sistan. Salm, eldest son of Faridiin, 140, Sacrifice, human, and serpent- 141, i, 42, 90, 91, 183 seq., worship, i, 143 335. 342, 344. 362 ; ii,

Sada, feast of, 140, i, 23 ; iv, 19, 237, 318 ; iii, 37, 115,

317 ; V, 309 ; vi, 33, 55, iv, 66, 69, 269, 272 ; v,

230 and note, 245, 273, 205, 261, 284 ; vi, 353 ; loi 389; vii, II, 94, 200; vii, ; viii, 266, 270,

viii, 68, 133, 216, 313 ; 300, 376 note, 378, 381 ix, 40 92 racial significance of, i, 54

institution of i, 124 etymology of, Firdausi's, i, Sada, Iranian noble, vii, 312 174 Safid Rud, river flowing through naming of, i, 187 Gilan into the Caspian, horoscope of, i, 188 V, 13. 16 receives Rum and the West, Sagastan (Sistan q.v.), v, 13 i, 189 Sage, sages, 159, vi, loi, 103 envies fraj, i, 190 Indian, vi, 62 plots with Tur, i, 190 the abdi- naked (Brahmans q.v.) Tiir and, demand of Kaid. See Kaid. cation of Iraj, i, 191 saying of, viii, 155 Iraj visits, i, 198 not welcomed Sagittarius, constellation, i, 188 ; Iraj by, iv, 355 i, 198 seq, 201 Sagsar, Sagsars, district and slay Iraj, i, to Fari- tribe, i, 279 and note, 290, send fraj's head

i, 202 323. 339 ; ii, 143 ; iii- 152, diin, 207 hear of Minuchihi, i, 208 Sahadeva, one of the five Pan- send an embassy to Farl- davas, iv, 138 dun, i, 208 referred to, iv, 139 receive Faridiin's reply, i, Sahl, wife of fraj, i, 188 213 seq. for referied to, i, 182 seq. prepare war, i, 215 Sahl, son of Mahan, Iranian worsted by Minuchihr, i, noble, V, 260, 261, 263 220 Saifu'd-Daula, title of Sultan plan night-surprise, i, 220 221 Mahmud, i, 21 worsted, i, GENERAL INDEX 359

Salm, hears of Tiir's defeat and Sim, son of, restored to hira by death, i, zz^ the Siinurj^li, i, 247

retreats on the castle of the returns home witli Zal, i, 248 A14ns, i, 2Zi congratulated by Minii- prevented by Miniichihr, i, chihr, i, 248 goes with Zal to court, i, 249 tells flees from Miniichihr, i, 227 of his quest to Minii- slain by Miniichihr, i, 228 chihr, i, 250 troops of, ask quarter of Miniichihr's gifts to, i, 251 Miniichihr, i, zzS public rejoicings at his head of, sent to Faridiin, i home-coming, i, 252 229 goes to the wars and leaves Scimitar of, iv, 335 seq. Zk\ to rule in Zabulistan,

Salt, Rustam's caravan of, i, i. 253 330 seq. Mihrab tributary to, i, 256

desert, i, 3 Zal writes to, about Riidaba, fish, legend of the, vi, 76 seq. i. 275 Sdm, son of Nariman, Iranian receives Zal's letter, i, 277 hero, father of Zal and consults the astrologers, i, grandfather of Rustara, 278 ^41. 142. i, 42, 207, 212, Rustam's birth foretold to, 231, 235, 238 seq., 337, i, 278 to Zal's 344, 375 : ii. 4. 16, 17, 33, replies letter, i, 279 34, 49, 125, 126, 137, 140, returns from the war, i, 280 to 173, 182, 183 ; iii, 35, 121, summoned court, i, 289

202, 215, 260, 279, 283 ; welcomed by Miniichihr, i, iv, 222, 251, 290, 301, 289 tells of his 319 ; v, 14, 15, 58, 62, 63, campaign, i, 290 196, 198 seq., 242, 262 slays Karkwi, i, 291 seq., 266, 267, 274, 285, bidden to destroy Mihrab all his 286, 289, 290 ; vii, 74 ; and belongings, i, viii, 223 292 to pronunciation of, i, 95 note welcomes and promises etymology of, i, 171 seq. help Zdl, i, 293 Miniichihr confided to, by writes to Miniichihr and Faridiin, i, 231 pleads past services, i, 295 mace of, i, 235, 290, 297, 328 tells of the slaying of the given by Zal to Rustam, dragon of the Kashaf, i, i. 378 296 " speech of, to Miniichihr, i, One blow," i, 297, 299 238 receives Sindukht in aud- casts away his son Zal at ience i, 302 to birth, i, 241 invited by Sindukht

hears rumours of Zil, i, 243 visit Kabul, i, 305 dreams of, concerning Zal, dismisses Sindukht with

i, 243, 244 gifts, i, 305 consults the archmages and hears of Zal's success with bidden to seek his son, Miniichihr and informs

i, 243 Mihrab, i, 314 finds his son on Mount goes with Zal to Iviibul, i,

Alburz, i, 244 seq. 317 36o GENERAL INDEX

Sam, sees Riidaba and felicitates Samarkand (Sogdiana, Sughd), Zal, i, 318 city and distiict in Turk- returns to Sistan, i, 319 istan, ii, 241 ; vii, 167, entertains Mihrab and Sin- 358, 359 ; viii, 377 ; ix, dukht, i, 319 96, 115 leaves Zal the regent of Sis- early seat of Aryan civili- tan and goes on a cam- zation (?), i, 7 paign, i, 319 settlement of the Huns at, hears of the birth of Rustam, i. 19 i, 323 Sambaz, Iranian chief, speech of, wxites to congratulate Zal, viii, 242 i. 323 Samiran, king, vi, 405 and note comes to see Rustam, i, 324 Samkuran, Iranian hero, iv, 149 bids Zal and Rustam fare- Sandar, Sandarus, the Arar tree, well, i, 327 \i, 19 hears of Rustam's success Sandal, Sandali, city in Hind, at Mount Sipand and vii, 395. 396, 401 seq. writes to Zal, i, 334 king of, entertained by Naudar's appeal to, i, 339 Bahram Giii, vii, 140 seq. to a goes court, i, 340 Sanja, div, ii, 39, 40, 44, 55 ; met and offered the crown iv, 296 ; V, 204 by the Iranian chiefs, i, Sanscrit, vii, 382 340 Sapad, mountain. See Spento- refuses the crown, i, 340 data. reconciles the chiefs and Sapandarmad. See Sipandar- Naudar, i, 341 mad. counsels Naudar, i, 341 Sapimid, daughter of Shangul, vi,

rewarded by Naudar, i, 341 3 ; vii, 144 departs, i, 341 married to Bahram Giir,

death of, referred to, i, 345, vii, 128 346, 349 finds out who her husband is, obsequies of, 358 vii, 131 mace of, given by Zal to plans Bahram Gur's flight Rustam, i, 378 from Hind, vii, 132 exploits of, recounted by reproached by Shangul, vii, Rustam, v, 202 135 Sam, Iranian warrior, temp. converted to Zoroastrian- Yazdagird son of Shapur, ism, vii, 139 vi. 395 visited by Shangul, vii, 142 Sama Keresaspa Narimanau, Sapor I (Shapur son of Ardshir Iranian hero, i, 171 seq. q.v.), Sasanian king, vi, Samangan, city south-east of 294, 321 Balkh (?), 144 ii, 121 seq., Sapor II (Shapur son of Uimuzd

130 q.v.), Sasanian king, i,

king of, 144, ii, 118, 140, 184 374 ; V, 13 ; vi, 294, 321 ; entei tains Rustam, ii, 122 viii, 41 father of Zhanda Razm, Sapor III (Shapur son of Sha- ii, 150 pur q.v.), vi, 365 Samanid, Samanids, i, 14, 20, Sarakhs, city in Khurasan, be- 21, 67; vii, 5, 383 tween Nishapur and Marv, of end dynasty of, i, 21 ii, 108 GENERAL INDEX 361

Saraparda, i, 84 SAsAn, descendants of, help Ard- Sunoslftnnia viuiiiialc. See shfr Papukan, vi, 224 } Ionia. House of, vi, 251, 270 and Sargon I. of Agani, v, 293 note foumlling legend of, v, lineage of, ix, 56, 105 and 393 note Saif, city in MAzandaran, i, 230, Sdsdn, father of Ardshir Papa- 289, 366; V, 174; vii, kin, 160, vi, 3, 193, 198,

237 ; viii, 168, 341, 355, 200, 201, 240 86 392 ; ix, legend of, vi, 211 seq. Iranian captives imprisoned marries daughter of Papak, at, i, 363 vi, 213

released, i, 367 Sdsanian, SAsanians, i, 11, 374 ; 281 Sar-i-pul-i-Zohab, vii, 187 iii, 9 ; V, 13, ; vi, 81,

Sarkab, Ruman general, viii, 281, 209, 225, 253, 257 ; vii,

292 85, 185, 212, 237 ; viii, 65, Sarkash (Sergius), minstrel, 174, 72, 73, 214, 262, 330, 413

viii, 193, 398 seq. 406 note ; ix, 4, 5, 46, 47, 50, Story of, 174, viii, 396 54, 65, 72, 73, 76, 77, 83, disgrace of, viii, 399 105 Sarkhin. See Sufarai. 10 dynasty, i, 49, 374 ; ii, ; desert in Sari'ich, Kirman, ii, 226 v, 10, 282 ; vi, 249 seq., I vii, 362 253. 257, 321 ; vii, seq..

Sariig, Jacob of, Syriac poet. 381 ; viii, 73 ; ix, 4 See Jacob. Tabari on the rise of the,

Sarv, king of Yaman, 140, i, 211, vi, 198 286 260 ; v, ; vi, 73 characterised, vi, 249 daughters of, asked in mar- Zoroastrianism under, vi, riage by Faiidiin for his 251 sons, i, 178 Mas'iidi on Church and consults his chiefs, i, 179 State under, vi, 251 agrees, conditionally, to duration of, vi, 257 Faridun's 181 11 request, i, empire, i, ; vi, 193, 327 ; attempts to outwt Fari- viii, 193 dun's sons, i, 183 seq. conquered by the Arabs, gives his daughters in mar- ix, 65 seq. riage to Faridun's sons, 1, genealogical table of, vi, 3, 185 253 Sarv=Azad Sarv, q.v. Tabari's history of, vi, 14 S4sdn, cponym of Sasanian dyn- note asty, viii, 219, 220, 330, fictitious genealogies of, v, 341 290; vi, 199, 211, 256 son of ii S^dn, Bahman, 3 ; v, view of Sikandar, vi, 15, 224 290 and note, 240 and note disinherited and flees from rivalry with Arsacids, viii, court, V, 291 73 account of, v, 291 usage, viii, 190 SisAn, name of Dara's son and architecture, viii, 193 several of his descendants, race viii, 285, 3S6, note ii 3 ; vi, 200, 211, 224, Satire, Firdausi's, on SuItAn nole 255 ; ix, 105 and Mahmud, i, 40 seq. ',62 GENERAL INDEX

Satrapy, satrapies, Niishirwdn's Sawa, head of, set on lance, viii, four ix, 69 130

Saturn, planet, i, 72, 100, 161, wealth of, sent to Hurmuzd,

204, 245, 295, 311 ; ii, viii, 133 183, 208, 215, 247, 263. Sawurg, Indian king, 139, vi, 64,

310, 319, 394. 407 ; iii. n8 32, no, 178, 232, 237, 254, Sayce, Professor, on the Ama-

268, 318 ; iv, 31, 214 ; zons, vi, 71 V, 68, 89, 136, 154, 159, Scandinavians, vi, 73 found the 220,233 ; vi, 97, 115, 176, Russian empire,

281, 318, 385 ; vii, 92. vi, 19 of 151, 252, 267, 346, 418 ; Scimitar Salm, iv, 335 seq.

viii, 24, 66, 321, 392, 305 ; Scotland, vi, 79 ix. 73 vitrified forts in, vi, 79 sphere of, ix, 92 Scribe, scribes, office of, highly Sav (the Sdvbar of tho Pahlavi esteemed, i, 27 and note ;

texts, now Chashmah-i- vii, 311 ; viii, 50 Sabz), a lake among the put to death by Hur- hills in the neighbourhood muzd, viii; 71, 81 seq. of Tus and Mashad, i6j, Scriptures, Zoroastrian. See vi, 373. 392 Zandavasta. legend of, vi, 372, 391 seq. Scylla, Nisus and, story of, vi, Savalan, mountain in Azarbaijcin 323 note V, 14 Scythia, iv, 316 their relations Sawa, Turanian hero, 149, iii, 224 Scythians (Sacae), slain by Rustam, iii, 224 with the Iranians, i, 17 SAwa, Iranian hero, v, 154 wars of, with Darius Hys- left in charge of the Brazen tapsis, V, n of Hold by Asfandiyar, i, Seasons, confusion the, ix, 77 154 note

Sawa, luler of the Turks, lyo ; Sects, Muhammadan, i, 99 viii, 74, 94 seq., 100 seq., parable of, i, 107 1,07, 108, 110 seq., 123, 129 Seleucia (Bih Ardshir q.v.), city 132. 133. 135. 137. 139. on the right bank of the 164, 169, 174, 216, 219, Tigris, opposite to Ctesi- 80 222, 224, 240 phon (Taisafiin), ii, ; = Chao-wou, viii, 72 vi, 254, 291 note, 322 ; viii, attacks Hurmuzd, viii, 92 189, 194, 196 of letter of, to Hurmuzd, viii, Semiramis, legendary queen 93 Assyria, historically Sam- of prophecy about, viii, 98 muramat, wife (?) Hurmuzd sends Kharrad, Samsi Adad king of Assy- 10 son of Barzin, to, viii, no ria (B.C. 824-804), ii, ; hears of Bahram Chiibina's vi, 66, 405 note army and blames Kharrad legend of, v, 292, 293 viii, no Humai and, v, 292, 293

offers of, to Bahram Chu- Semites, the, i, 9 the Iran- bina, viii, 113 seq., 117 seq. relations of, with employs sorcery against the ians, i, 9 seq., ix, 65 tutor Iranians, viii, 123 Seneca the younger, Nero's defeated and slain, viii, 126 (B.C. 3—A.D. 65), vii, 279 GENERAL INDEX 3^'3

Seoses (Sufarai ?), Persian com- Shabrang, Bahram Gur's steed, mander-in-chief, temp. vii, 37, 80 Kiibail, vii, 187 P>i'zhan's steed, iii, 296, 302,

Sergiopolis, \iii, iSS 313 ; iv, 8, 39. 50. 119, Sergius, Saint and Martyr, viii, 124 1 88 ShidAn son of Barzi'n, one of

patron saint of Khusrau Firdausi's authorities, i,

Parwi'z, viii, 18S, 195 67, 69 ; vii, 382, 423 Roman leader in Tabari, Shaddad, son of 'Ad, legend of,

viii, 188 i, 100 Sergius (Sarkash), minstrel, viii, Shcidward, treasure, viii, 406 and 193 note Serpent, serpents, on Zahhik's Shaghad, son of Z41, 137, v, shoulders, i, 139 261 worship and human sacri- Story of Rustam and, 157, v, fice, i, 143 260 seq. Seven, favourite number in Per- provenance of, v, 260 sian story, vii, 186, 280, birth of, V, 263 Banquets of Nushirwan. See astrologers' evil prognostic Banquet. of, V, 264 Climes. See Climes. sent to be brought up at Courses (Haft Khwan) of Kabul, V, 264 Rustam. See Rustam. marries the daughter of the Planets. See Planet. king of K4bul, v, 264 Persian nobles, legend of the king of Kabul and, plot vi, 207 against Rustam, v, 265 transferred to Ardshir seq. el Papakan (?), vi, 207 pretended quart of, with Stages (Haft Khwan) of As- the king of Kabul, v, 266 fandiyar. See Asfandi- goes to Zabul, v, 267 yar. cause of, taken up by Warriors, Fight of the, 143, Rustam, v, 267 to ii, 25, 82, 107 seq. persuades Rustam go Founts, jewel, viii, 392 with Zawdra and a small and forty Shahs, viii, 395 escort to Kabul, v, 268 and note warns the king of Kabul of Severus, Roman Emperor (A.D. Rustam's coming, v, 269 146-211), vi, 322 glories over Rustam, v, 271 Hatra besieged by, vi, 322 outwitted and slain by Shabahang, Farhdd's steed, iii, Rustam, v, 272 8 313 ; iv, corpse of, burnt, v, 277 Bizhan's steed, iv, 47 Shah, accession of, ceremony at, Shabdiz, Bahram Gur's steed, vi, 409 vii, 37, 80 Shdhi, city in H4mdvaran, ii, 89 for Giv's steed, iii, 257 Shahcibad, the modern name Luhrasp's steed, iv, 323 the ruins of Gund-i-Sh4- taken by Gushtasp, iv, pur in Khuzistan, vi, 295 3^3 Shahd, river, ii, 108; iii, 11, Mihrab's steed, i, 326 116, 118, 123, 152, 173,

Khusrau Parwiz' steed, viii, 230, 241 ; vi, 391, 392

iii, 407 ; ix, 30 Shahd, mountain, 237 3^>4 GENERAL INDEX

Shahnama (Bastan-nama, Khii- Shahnama, principles of the 66 translation dai-nama), isg, i, ; ix, present of, i, 4 scq., 43, 50, 6i, 70 77 seq. subject-matter of, how pre- certain terms used in, ex-

served, i, 56 plained, i, 80 seq. the oiigin of, i, 65 seq. Firdausi on compilation 108 put into wilting, i, 66 of, i, Prose, compilers of, referred historic element in mythical to, vlii, 71, 73 period of, iii, 8 seq. probably compiled by Magi, Greek subject-matter in, vi, i, 69 II of referied to, by Firdausi, i, derivation Sikandar given

108, 109 ; iv, 141 seq. ; in, vi, 19 vi, ig6 historic period of, i, 49; vi, 29

more than one, i, 29, 66, 67, Tian and, analogy between, 69 vi, 193 Dakiki and. See Dakihi. portion of, corresponding to Shahnama, Firdausi's, 139, iy6, Karnamak, vi, 196

3, 23 seq. ; iii, 7, 9, 11, Karnamak and, compared, 200 14, 271, 286 ; iv, 7, 8, vi, seq., 255 seq. 1^6 seq., 316, V.9- seq., 19, Wisdom-literature in, vii, 20, 22 seq., 27 seq., 293, 278 seq. and of Abii- 'All Muham- 294 ; vi, 3 note, 30, Shahnama, 31, 66 seq., 72, 79, 82 seq., mad, i, 69 j' 194 seq., 205 seq., 249 seq., Shahra, chief, 165, vii, 92 253, 256, 270 note, 294, made king of Tiiran by 301. 307. 310. 325. 326; Bahram Gur, vii, 92 vii, 5, 156, 184, 185, 215, Shahram-Piruz. See Badan Piriiz. 217. 317. 381 ; viii, 3, 41, 42, 71, 72, T^seq., xS-j seq. Shahran, ix, 102 191, 192 pleads with Mahwi for Yaz- 102 scene of, i, 3 dagird, ix, Iranian theme of, i, 8, 47 Shahran Guraz, warrior, Baisinghar Khan's edition speech of, viii, 239 Shah- of, i, 23 Shahranguiaz (Hurmuzd completion of, Firdausi on, ranguraz, Guraz q.v.), 121 ix, 176 ; ix, 175: 50 of heads date completion of, i, 24 ; conspiracy against

ix, 122 Guraz ; ix, 54 length, metre, and language Shahr-Bami-Iram, sister of Gfv 8 and wife of ii, of, i, 47; iv, ; ix, 122 Rustam, 4,

anomalies of, i, 48 384 Iranian explained, i, 48 Shahrbaraz (Guraz q.v.), divisions and chief charac- general, viii, 194 ; ix, 43,

ters of, i, 49 50 revolt machinery of, i, 51 of, viii, 195 leading motives of, i, 53 sons of, viii, 196 rebellion of, ix, cosmogony of, i, 71 ; iv, 136 43, 44 alliance with imagery of, i, 72 of, Heraclius, editions of, i, 76 ix, 44

i See Shahibardz. translations of, i, 77, 87 Shahr-Baiz. GENERAL INDEX 3^'5

Sluilirgir, warrior in Sikandar's Sham, king of, taken prisoner by host, vi, 125, 126 Rustam, ii, 97

takes Kaidi'ifa's son and ShamAsas, Tiirdnian hero, i.f2 ; 18 daiiglitcr-in-law piisoncrs, i, 346 ; ii, 12, vi, 125 Khazarw4n and, invade Ki.- Shahrgir, captain of the host to "bulistan, i, 345, 35S Anlshir Papakan, vi, 241 parleyed with by Alihrab to Ardshir's instructions to, vi, gain time, i, 358 241 flees from Zk], i, 361 goes to Ardshir's help, \i, met and defeated by Karan, 244 and Hole i. 3'Ji of Shahrguraz (Shahrbardz q.v.), ix, Shambalid, daughter Barzin, 50 vii, 53 Shahrinaz, sister of Jamshid, married to Bahram Gur, vii, wife of Zahhak and Fari- 53 dun, and mother of Salm Shamiran, Turanian hero, iii, 185

and Tur, i, 90, 142, 164 comes to aid Piran, iii, 152 seq., 177 Shamiran, stronghold north of married to Zahhak, i, 146 Harat (?), ix, 91, 94 sons of, by Faiidiln, i, 177 Shammakh, king of Siir, iv, 57, Shahn'r, Shahrivar, ameshas- 146 88 founder of penta, i, ; iii, 286, 328 Shammas, legendary 88 note month and day, i, ; v, Fire-worship, vi, 339 Ntishzad's 310 ; vii, 76 Shammas, general, Shahrwaraz (Shahrbaraz q.v.), vii, 219, 272 ix, 50 Shamta, viii, 195, 196 Shahrwi, archimage, vi, 329 Shangul, king of Hind, temp. minister during Shapur son Kai Khusrau, /^p, iii, 161, of Urmuzd's minority, vi, 172, 185, 198, 205, 210, 329 217. 251 Shahryar, son of Shiiin and comes to aid Pircin, iii, 152 Khusrau Parwiz, ix, 39 volunteers to light Rustam, father of Yazdagird, ix, iii, 209, 216 64 challenges Rustam, iii, 221 Sh4hwi, eldest son of Haftwad, worsted, iii, 221 vi. 237 temp. Cahram Gtir, 165, vi,

referred to, vi, 206 325 ; vii, 109 seq. helps his father against border-raids of, vii, no Aidshir Papakan, vi, 236 gives audience to the Iran- executed, vi, 245 ian envoy (Bahram Giir), 112 Shahwi (=iMdhwi ?), one of Fir- vii, dausf's authoiities, vii, state of, described, vii, 382, 394 1 12 brother Shakespeaie, quoted, iii, 286 ; of, vii, 113 nole viii vaunts his own V, 156 ; vii, 383 ; greatness, 1 87 vii, 114 of the Shakn, region, iii, 152, 177, 185, wife of, the daughter 192, 204, 222, 223, 228, Faghfur, vii, 115 237 son of, vii, 1 15 entertains Bahram Sh4m (Syria), ii, 80, 84 ; vi, 357 ; Gur, vii, viii, 170 116 366 GENERAL INDEX

Shangul, Bahram Gur wrestles Shapiir, son of Papak, vi, 199 before, vii, 117 Shapiir, son of Ardshir Papakan, at 118 Shah 161 plays polo, vii, (Sapor I), , i, 42 ; Bahram Giir displays his vi, 3, 256, 303, 307, 313, markmanship before, vii, 315, 321 seq., viii, 265 118 compilation of Zandavasta

tiies to find out who the under, i, 62, 63 Persian envoy (Bahram stories of, in Karnamak, vi, Gur) is, vii, 118 seq. 196, 255 takes counsel with his sages, Tab'ari, vi, 255, 257 vii, 126 crowned in his father's life- offers a daughter and great time, vi, 257 advancement to Bahram secret birth of, vi, 261 Gur, vii, 127 origin of name, vi, 262 marries Sapinud to Bahrdm note Gur, vii, 128 scq. recognised and acknow- goes to a festival, vii, ledged by Ardshir Papa- 134 kan, vi, 264 hears of Bahram Giir's flight discovers the daughter of vii, 135 Mihrak, vi, 268 seq. reproaches Sapinud, vii, 135 summoned and counselled makes a league with Bahram by Ardshir Papakan, vi, Gur, 285 sea. 137 J. bids farewell to Sapinud, vii, confused with Shapiir son 137 of Urmuzd, vi, 294, 321, makes a new treaty with 324. 327 Bahram Giir, vii, 140 Reign of, 161, vi, 294 seq. entertained with seven other Note on, vi, 294 kings by Bahram Giir, vii, historical inaccuracies of, 140 seq. vi, 294 visits his daughter Sapinud, wars of, with Rome, vi, 294, vii, 142 297 farewells Sapinud, vii, 143 Odenathus and, vi, 294 makes Bahram Giir his heir, defeats the Rumans, vi, vii, 143 297 Bahram Giir's parting gifts leccives tribute from Caisar, to, vii, 144 vi, 298 sends Gipsies to fran, vii, builds cities, vi, 298 149 bids Bazaniish build a bridge

Shapigan, treasury of, i, 61, 62 at Shiishtar, vi, 298

Shapiir, Pishdadian hero, i, 210, summons and counsels Ur- 211, 215 muzd, vi, 299

slain, i, 352 Shapiir, son of Urmuzd, Shah ' Shipiir, Kaianian hero, ii, 271, (Sapor II), 162, 163, i, 16 note 338, 340 ; iii, 19, 289, 322, 374 ; V, ; vi, 3,

331 ; iv, 292 294. 295, 307, 371, 373, hails Gushtasp as Shah, iv, 405 (?) ; vii, 359 ; viii, 362 41 Sh&piir, Ashk4nian (Parthian) provides for uniformity of king, vi, 197, 210 Zoroastiian doctrine, i, 62 ' May be identical wiili ihe above in legend. GENERAL IXDEX 3^>7

Shapur, s

high priest, vi, 344 185 ; viii, 72 described by the gardener, summoned to overthrow vi, 344 Siifarai, vii, 191 368 GENERAL INDEX

of conference refuses to interfere in the Shapur Rai, of, , Shida, with Kubad, vii, 192 fight between Rustam and goes to Shiraz and arrests Piiladwand, iii, 363 Sufarai, vii, 193 sent by Afrasiyab to Khk- conveys Sufarai to Sh4h razm, iv, 11 Kubad, vii, 194 defeated by Ashkash, iv, Shapur, Iranian noble, temp. 60, 72 Nushinvan, vii, 304, 333 commands the left wing, iv, Shapur, Iranian wairior, J72, 155 viii, 202, 225, 257, 259, surname of, meaning of, iv, 269, 293, 296 155 note deceived by Caesar's talis- urges Afrasiyab to attack man, viii, 273 Kai Khusiau, iv, 159 praised by Caesar, viii, Afrasiyab's leply to, iv, 279 160 Bahram Chiibina writes to, wishes to meet Kai Ivhus- viii, 285 rau in single combat, iv, receives Istakhr and Darab- 161 gird, viii, 313 goes on an embassage to Shapiir, father of Piruz, ix, Kai Khusrau, iv, 161 80 skirmish of, with Iranian

Shapur Gird (Gund-i-Shapur (/.y.) outposts, iv, 164 city, vi, 295, 298 welcomed by Kai an, iv, Shatt-al-Arab, the combined 165 streams of the Tigiis and mail and steed of, iv, i68 Euphrates, ix, 67 receives Kai Khusrau 's reply, Shawaran, Iranian hero, 151, ii, iv, 170 73, 90, III, 228, 249, 250, returns to Afrasiyab, iv, 170 to Kai 255. 271, 318 ; iii, 20, 34, goes fight Khusrau, 43, 45. 48. 67, 115, 334, iv, 171 iv, 97. 105. 147. 275 parley of, with Kai Khus- Shawwal, the tenth Muham- rau, iv, 172 madan month, vi, 208 challenges Kai Khusrau to Sheep's heads, Bahram Chiibina a wrestling-bout, iv, 173 his to and the, viii, 74, 107 urged by interpreter omen of, reported to Hur- flee from Kai Khusrau, iv, muzd, viii, 108 174 Shem, patriarch, vi, 65 refuses, iv, 174 Shepherds, Kai Khusrau brought wrestles and is overthrown, up by, ii, 328 seq. iv, 175 instructs Ruh- Sher-kappi, viii, 322 note Kai Khusrau Shi'ban, vi, 397 ham to bury, iv, 176 Shida (Pashang), son of Afra- Sliidasp, minister to Tahmiiras,

siyab, 152, i, 92 ; iii, 262, i, 127 10 son of 155, 350 ; iv, seq., 15, 135, Shidasp, Gushtasp,

156, 158 seq., 206, 222, ii, 3 ; V, 26, 58 2S7, 290 death of, foretold by Jam4sp consulted by his father, iii, V, 50 of one 250 seq. given command wing, goes on embassy to Piilad- V, 55 wand, iii, 255 slain, V, 58 GENERAL INDEX S'iO

of Shidiish, franian hero, i, 211 ; ii, Shiri'n, has charge Rdja's letter

58, 85, 158, 340 ; iii, 33, ix, 17 45, 48, 127, 129, 130, 139, companions Khusrau Par- wiz in 141, 157, 248, 253 ; iv, prison, ix, 29 13, 15, 25, 191 reproached and summoned with K4ran and Kishwdd, by Shirwi, ix, 36 pursues Kurakhan, i, 354 makes her Will, ix, 36 put in command of the goes to Court, ix, 37 rear, iv, 92 justifies hciself, ix, 38, 40 Kai Khusrau remonstrated exonerated, ix, 38, 41 with by, and other nobles, sons of, ix, 39 for refusing audience, iv, unveils to the Court, ix, 39 -275 Shir\vi enamoured of, ix, 39 Shi'ite, Shi'itcs, Muhammadan makes request of Shirwi, ix, sect, i, 13 40,41 origin of, i, 13 goes home, ix, 40 Firdausi a, i, 24 distributes her wealth, ix, 40 Shikbdn, TrAnian warrior, vi, frees her slaves, ix, 41 395 poisons herself, ix, 42 Shiknan, place, vii, 359 Shirkhan (Shirvan, district and of Shingan, region, iii, 228, 238 ; town west the Caspian iv, 65 between the Kur river and Shiraz, citj' in Pars (Farsistan), Darband ?), i, 169 a 166, i, 236 ; vi, 198 note, Shirkhun, Zabuli, v, 184 to 210 ; vii, 6, 173, 190, 193, guides I3ahman Rustam, 194 V, 184 Sliiriu, wife of Khusrau Parwiz, Shiiu, son of Gushtasp, 155, v, 26 174, 175. viii, 187, 194, slain, V, 57 of 363. 383. 407 ; ix, 28, 36 Shiriiya, son Bi'zhan, iv, 360 enmity of, to Shirwi, viii, goes with Zarir to Riim, iv, 189, 191, 193 360 account of, viii, 192 Shirwan (Shirvan ?) iii 216. Khusrau and, Persian poem, See Shirkhan. viii, 192 Shirwi, franian hero, i, 207, 215 meaning of, viii, 193 helps to take the Castle of Maryam murdered by, \'iii, the Alans, i, 223 seq. 193. 389 conveys the spoil to Faridun, a Christian, viii, 195 i. 230, 232 warns Khusrau Parwiz Slu'rwi, Nushirwan's commander- against Gurdya, viii, 364 in-chief, vii, 251 Khusrau Par\viz and, ix, 7 appointed to receive the Story of, i'74, viii, 382 Ruman tribute, vii, 262 married to, viii, 386 Shfnvi (KubM q.v.). Shdh, 174, gilded chamber given to, 175, viii, 188, 190, viii, 389 seq. : ix, 7, 8, II, 27, 2 hears Kubid proclaimed 31 seq., 36, 45, 47, 64 Sh4h, viii, 416 Shirfn's enmity to, \'iii, i informs Khusrau Parwfz, 191. 193 viii, 416 internment of, viii, i(],^^96, has charge of Slu'rwi's horo- 391 scope, ix, 16 released, viii, 196, 4^5 VOL. IX. A.\ 370 GENERAL INDEX

Sh'rwi (Kubad), secret and public Shu'ib, Arab chief, 158, vi, 21 names of, viii, 372, 416 attacks Darab, vi, 21 astrologers consulted at defeated and slain, vi, 22 birth of, viii, 372 Shiilak, Gushtasp's steed ill-omened horoscope of, viii, (Dakiki), v, 73 16 steed 372 ; ix, Asfandiyar's (Fir- referred to, viii, 373, 390 dausi), V, 126 kept by Shirin, ix, 16 Shiirab (Sura), city on the Khusrau Parwiz gives Euphrates, east of Cajsar's gifts to, viii, 381 Antioch, vii, 217 boorishness of, viii, 390 place of Gushtasp's exile, Khusrau Parvviz' displeasure vii, 254 with, viii, 390 taken by Nushirwan, vii, sends to take Khusrau Par- 217. 254 wiz, viii, 419 Shiirsan, vi, 379 Reign of, lys, ix, 3 Shiis (Siis, Susa), city on the Note on, ix, 3 Karkhah river north west Length of, ix, 42 of Shiishtar in Khuzistan, tieatment of Khusrau Par- vi, 327 wiz by, ix, 7 Shiishtar, ^"hustar, city on the writes to Heiaclius, ix, 7 Dujayl (Kariin) river in Ashtad and Kharrad report Khuzistan, vi, 199, 295

their interview with Khus- and note, 299 ; viii, 381 rau Parwiz to, ix, 27 dam and bridge at, vi, 298, reproaches and summons 326 Shirin, ix, 36, 37 Sicily, vi, 30 falls in love with Shirin, ix, Alexander the Great's legen- 39 dary visit to, vi, 30 Shirin 's 208 grants requests, ix, Siege-operations, iii, 246 ; iv,

40, 42 51?^. ; vii, 254, 257 poisoned, ix, 42 Signs, the Twelve (Zodiac), vii, son of, ix, 42 408 Shirzad, herald in Niishirwan's Sigz, man of (Rustam), ii, 100 note host, vii, 252 and ; iii, 183, 209, Shirzil, franian warrior, viii, 218, 221 296 Sigzian, a native of Sigz, v, 226 Shiz (Takht-i-Sulaiman), seat of and note 228 in = the Magi Azarbaijan, i, Rustam, iii, 209, 225, 227 ;

60 ; viii, 190 v, 241 Fire-temple at, vii, 5 = Zawara, v, 226, 2 28 Khatiin sent to, vii, 5 = Faramarz, v, 228 Shoemaker, Bahram Gur and Sikandar (Iskandar, Alexander the, 164, vii, 24 the Great, q.v.). Shah, 158-

Nushirwan and the, i6g, 160, i, 42, 49 ; ii, 3, Sseq.;

vii, 218, 260 V, 30 ; vi, II, 13, 16, 18, offer of, to advance money 29. 30, 33. 193. 210, 240 to Nushirwan, viii, 48 and note, 325, 353 ; viii, rejected, viii, 50, 71 52, 214, 217, 242, 262. of 26 ci'u'ba Mughira, companion 381, 387. 392 ; ix, and "'whhe Prophet, ix, O9, 83 paternity of, i, 55 p^^ assy of, ix, 69. 82 note

[ GENERAL INDEX 371

Sikandar, clorivation of, in Ta- Sikandar, sends envoys to Ispa- bari, vi, ly han and to the family of dciivation of, in Shdhnima, D4ra, and letters to the vi, 19, 26 provinces, to announce birth of, vi, 18, 26 his accession, vi, 57 adopted as his heir by Faila- crowned Shah at Istakhr, kus, vi, 27 vi, 5

Sikandar, bestows Hind on Sikandar, rsveals himself to Tai- Sawurg, vi, ii8 niish, vi, 142 visit of, to Mecca and the entertains at a banquet, Kaaba, vi, 64, 67, 119 seq. gives gifts to, and dis- ends the rule of the Khuza' misses, Tainush, vi, 143 in Arabia, vi, 120 final message of, to Kaidafa, sets up Nasr instead of the vi, 143 Khuza', vi, 120, Brahmans hear of the com- goes to Judda, vi, 121 ing of, and write to, vi, marches to Misr, vi, 121 143 welcomed by king of, vi, interview of, with the Brah- 121 mans, vi, 67, 144 seq. stays for a year in, vi, 121 quits the Brahmans, vi, 147 Kaidafa (Candace) and, vi, Fish-eaters (Ichthyophagi, vi, 65, 121 seq. q.v.) and, vi, 69, seq., 147, poitiait of, obtained by 177 Kaidafa, vi, 122 adventuie of, with a whale, Kaidafa praised by Kabtun vi, 71, 147 to, vi, 122 sees gigantic reeds (bam- \viites to Kaidafa, vi, 123 boos), vi, 71, 148 Kaidafa's answer to, vi, 123 attacked by snakes, scor- assumes the name of Nait- pions, and boars, vi, 148 kiin (Antigonus), vi, 66, the people of Habash, vi, 125 seq. 149 pleads (as Naitkiin) for the Narmpai, vi, 150 Kaidriish and his wife, vi, adventure of, with a dragon, 126 vi, 71, 151 goes (as Naitkiin) to Kai- visits the temple of Diony- dafa, vi, 127 sus, vi, 71, 152, 166 graciously received by Kai- warned of his death, vi, 152, dafa, vi, 128 161, 166 audiences of, with Kaidafa, marches toward Hariim, the vi, 128 seq. City of Women (Amazons recognised by Kaidafa, vi, q.v.), vi, 153 seq. 129 seq. encounters snow and frost, delivers his message, as vi, 156 envoy, to Kaidafa, vi 129, encounters great heat, vi, 134 157 covenant of, with Kaidafa, encounters the negroes, vi, vi, 132, 138 157 warned by Kaidafa against reaches and inspects Harum, Tainiish, vi, 133 -^i. 157 insulted by Tainush, vi, 134 marches westward and finds counsels Kaidafa about Tai- a fair-haired race, vi, 73, niish, vi, 135 158 covenant of, with Tainush, hears of the Gloom, q.v., and vi, 136 of the Fount of Life, q.v., Kaiddfa's gifts to, vi, 140 and prepares to visit them returns with Tainush, vi, 141 vi, 158 welcomed by his troops, vi, sets forth with Khisr as 141 guide, vi, 159 GENERAL INDEX 373

Sikandar, Khisr ami, part com- Sikandar, arrives at Habil, vi, pany, vi, U)0 180 fails to find the Fount of prodigious birth at, vi, 81, Life, vi, 160 180 interview of, witli biuls, vi, consults the astrologers 160 on, vi, 180 interview of, with Israfil, vi, warned of his end, vi, iSo 7S, lOI sickens, vi, i8i emerges from the Gloom, vi, Will of, vi, 8r, i8i 162 grief of the troops for, vi, matches eastward, vi, 163 183, 184 hears of YAjiij and Majiij, dies, vi, 183 vi, 163 dispute as to burial of, vi. barrier 16 of, j6o, i, ; vi, 7S, 184 164, 2. ,9 body of, taken to Iskanda- Speaking Tree visited by, vi, riya, vi, 185 167 seq. See Tree, sentences of over, vi, " sages reaches The World's 82, 83, 185 End," vi, 168 cities of, vi, 83, 189 receives gifts, vi, 169 Zoroast:ian and Sasanian expedition of, to Chin, vi, view of, i, 59 and note, 61

80, i6g seq. seq. ; vi, 15 and note, 224, as his goes own ambassador 240 ; vii, 79 and note to the Faghfiir, vi, Silk, account of, vi, 204 170 introduction of, into the describes himself, vi, 171 West, vi, 204 Faghfur's gifts to, vi, 173 Silk-worm. See Silk. departs with Faghfur's en- Silvia, Vestal, v, 293 voy, vi, 173 Simah Barzin, scribe, Hurmuzd identity of, discovered by plots against, 170, viii, 85, the envoy, vi, 173 seq. dismisses the envoy with Simmas, chief herdsman of gifts and a message to Ninus, V, 292 Faghfur, vi, 174 Simurgh, mythical biid, 156, J57, anives at Chaghwan, vi, i, 51 ; iii, 15S, 313, 330 ; 174 V, 117, 132 seq., 166, 246, marches to Sind, vi, 175 248, 255 defeats Band^wa, chief of described, i, 235 and note, the Sindians, vi, 175 253. 276, 302, 326. V, 132

marches to Nimruz, vi, nest of, on Mount Alburz, i, 175 241, 244. 250 receives from gifts the king young of. i, 242, 250, v, 132, of Yaman, vi, 175 133 meets Gush-bistar, vi, 177 fmds and biings up the in- carries ofl the treasuies of fant Zal, i, 242 Kai Khusrau, vi, 178 informs Z^l of his parentage, for policy of, safeguaiding i. 245 Riim after his decease, vi, gives Zdl one of her feathers, 8r, 178, 197 i, 246, 321 the of adopts advice Aras- their efficacy, i, 246, 320 180 tali's, vi, restores ZAl to Sam, i, 247 374 GENERAL INDEX

Simurgh, referred to, i, 251 Sindukht, Mihrab and, prepare succours Riidaba, i, 320 seq. to welcome Sam and Zal, foretells Kustaiu's future i, 315. 317 greatness, i, 321 entertain Sam and Zal, i, slain 1 by Asfandiyar, v, 133 3 7 -"^'''l- summoned to Rustam's aitl visit Sam in Si'stan, i, 319 by Zal, V, 235 seq. Sinjibii, first historical Khan of heals Rustam and Rakhsh, the Turks, vii, 317 V. 237 relations of, with Niishir- instructs Rustam how to wan, vii, 317 overcome Asfandiyar, v, Haitalians and, vii, 317

237 Sipahram, Turanian hero, J51 ;

Sind, the river Indus and the ii, 228, 229, 388 ; iv, 26,

parts adjacent, i, 113 ; ii, 103 10 to 285 ; iii, note, 117, 185, chosen fight with Hajir,

216, 238 iv, 65, 71 ; V, iv, 97 slain 75, 180, 203, 277 ; vi, 113; by Hajir, i\', 104 vii, no, 112, 390 Sipand (Spewto-data, q.v., Spen-

king of, iii, 185 ; vi, 113, dyad, Sapad, White entertained by Bahram Castle), mountain north- Gur, vii, 140 seq. west of Nishapiir, 142, i, 118 kings of, send tribute to 377 ; ii, ; v, 30, 116, Gushtasp, v, 75 117 chiefs of, vi, 123 Malcolm's identification and warriors of, vi, 132, 137 desciiption of,' i, 236 Sikandar marches to, vi, 175 Zal bids Rustam take, i, 329 Sindbad, the sailor, vi, 71 described, i, 329 lands on a whale, vi, 71 taken by Rustam, i, 331 Sinde, river, iii, 10 and note treasures of, i, 331, 332 Sindian, Sindians, 160, vii, 126 hold of, destroyed by Zal's defeated by Sikandar, vi, orders, i, 333 175 Sipandarmad, ameshaspenta, 18 Sindukht, wife of Mihrab and q.v., iii, 287, 328 ; v,

mother of Riidaba, 141, i, month, i, 89 ; iv, 252 ; ix, 259, 299 70, 122 Mihrab praises Zal to, i, 260 day, i, 88, 89, viii, 331 discovers the loves of Zal Sipanjab (Farghana ?), region, i,

and Riidaba, i, 281 375 ; ii. 241,342,344. 345

reproaches Riidaba, i, 282 358 ; iii, 151 informs Mihrab about Zal Sipansar, Iranian warrior,viii, 293 and Riidaba, i, 284 Sistan = Nimriiz = Zabuiistan,'

goes with gifts to Sam, i, 144, 149, 155, ; i, 319 ;

300 seq. ii, 80, 335, 365 ; iii, 165, well received by Sam, i, 302 166, 191, 207, 321, 356;

invites Sam to visit Kabul, iv, 14, 278 ; V, 13, 17, 29,

i. 305 85, 86, 89, 94, 173, 174,

returns to Kabul, i, 306 201, 220, 248, 261, 264,

hears of Zal's success with 267 ; vi, 32, 198 ; vii, 214

Miniichihr, i, 315 former capital of, i, 4 lake note felicitates Riidaba, i, 315 of, i, 4 ; v, 239 " •C/. Vol. v., p. 30. Ste p. 333 note. GENERAL ISDEX 373

i — I . Si'stdn, orig;in of name, i, 19 S yawiish ro n invadoil l)y Sliamasas and 172, 201, 202, 204, 205, Khazarwan, i, 358 214. 215, 22J, 223, 231, mourning in, for Kustam, v, 235. 249, 250, 252, 257, 278 267, 270, 271, 283, 285, invaded by Bahman, v, 284 289, 299, 305, 307, 310 ;

seq. v, 174, 176, 192, 208, 272 ; Persian measure of note Siti'r, weight, viii, 104, 349, 395 ; iii, 184 ix, 25 and note, 26 note. Situh, Turanian heio, v, 86, 87 103 goes as a spy to Iran and mother of, 144, ii, 3 reports to Arjasp, v, 80, Story of, 144, ii, 188 seq. Note on, ii, 188 seq. Siyah Chasm, skive of Farrukh- good examjile of Fir- zad, ix, O2 dausi's method, ii, 188

handmaid of Farrukhzad Prelude to, ii, 191 and, ix, 62 identical with Cambyses, imprisoned, ix, 62 the father of Cyrus the released, ix, 62 Great, in legend, ii, 191 poisons Farrukhzad, ix, 63 adventure of the mother of, Siyamak, son of Gaiumart, /J9, ii. 193 i, 117, 119 destined to misfortune from slain by the Black Div, i, 120 birth, ii, 196 lamentations over, i, 120 brought up by Rustani, ii, Siyamak, Turanian hero, i^i, iv, 196 97 horoscope of, ii, 196, 205, chosen to fight with Guraza, 234 iv, 97 returns to court, ii, 197 slain by Gurdza, iv, 100 made ruler of Kuhistan, ii, Siyavakhsh. See Siyiwush. 199 Siydvashana. See Siyawush. mourns for liis mother's Siydwush, son of Kai K4us, and death, ii, 199 father of Farud and Kai temptation of, by Siulaba,

Khusrau, 144-148. ; i, 55, ii, 200 seq.

92 ; ii, 3, 25, 82, 104 note marches against Afrasiy4b, 187 seq., 335, 338 seq., 346 ii, 225 seq. seq., 363. 371. 372, 374 demands hostages of Afrd- seq.. 3«3. 386, 388, 396, siyab, ii, 239 seq. over 403, 411 ; iii, 8, 13, 18, 19, goes to Afrasiyab, ii, 21, 22, 29. 39. 42. 43. 51. 258 seq. 52, 57, 66, 67, 71, 72, 87, plays at polo with Afrasiyib 93, 99, 112, 117, 118. 137. ii, 264 146, 148, 149, 156, 163, archery of, ii, 266, 293 183, 197, 199, 200, 201, 203 mairiage of, with Jarira, ii, seq.. 211, 214, 226, 237, 268 seq. 238, 256, 283, 289, 297, marriage of, with 1-aiangis, 307. 315. 324. 347; iv. 7. ii, 270 seq. 17. 18, 34, 50, 51, 70 seq., entertained by PirAn, ii, 278 89. 90, 95. 96. 102, 109, buikls cities, ii, 278 seq. 120, 127, 129, 130, 137, consults the astrologers, ii, 152, 159, 162. 167, 168, 282 376 GENERAL INDEX

Siyawush, foie tells the future to Skirts, binding together of, in I'iran, ii, 282 seq. battle, iv, 85 and note, 177 entertains Piran, ii, 287 and note, 209 entertains Garsiwaz, ii, 290 Slavs, viii, 194 the 1 1 scq. Smerdis, false, v, ; vi, 207 plays at polo with Garsiwaz, Snakes = Arabs, ix, gi ii, 292 Snowstorm, iii, 108 challenged by Garsiwaz, ii, Iranian host distressed by, 128 294 iii, 71, ; V, 137; vi, 156 overthrows Gurwi and Da- paladins of Kai Khusrau mur, ii, 295 lost in, iv, 308 seq. slandered by Garsiwaz to Sohrab and Rustam, Matthew Afrasiyab, ii, 296 seq. Arnold's, ii, 118 summoned to court by Sol, planet, viii, 395 Afrasiyab, ii, 300 seq. Soma. See Homa. betrayed by Garsiwaz, ii, Son of Firdausi, death of, viii, 301 seq. 190 excuses himself from going Song, of a div, ii, 31 to coutt, ii, 306 of Rustam, ii, 51 passion of, ii, 307 seq. of Asfandiyar, v, 129 foretells the future to Faran- of the daughter of Barzin, gis, ii, 310 seq. vii, 52 charges and turns loose of the daughter of Mahiyar, Bihzad, ii, 312 vii, 60, 61, 66 attacked and taken by Sophia, Empress, her treatment Afrasiyab, ii, 314 of Narses, viii, 76 execution of, ii, 320 Sorcerer, a Jewish, brings about referred to, iv, 268 the death of Nushirwan's

Blood of (plant), ii, 321 minister, Mahbud, vii, 320 birth-mark of, iii, 49 seq. mail of, iii, 58, 60, 61, 69, 81, Sorceress, Rustam and a, 143, ii, iv, 40 scq., 51 50 seq. murderer of = Afrasiyab, iv, Sudaba and a, 144, ii, 214 198 seq. garth of = Siyawushgiid, iv, Asfandiyar and a, 1^6, v, 128 238 seq. goods of, viii, 148, 151 Soshyans, the Zoroastrian Mes- Iranian Siyawush, chief, J72 ; siah, i, 131 viii, 128, 163, 187, 233 Souterrain, ii, 137 iv, 212 son of = Bahram, viii, 247 Spain (Andalus), vi, 66 Siyawush, wild duck, ii, 104 Spand-dat (Spento-data, Asfan- note diyar), V, 24 seq. — Siyawushgird, city built by Siya- Span-dat-nama (Asfandiyar

wush, 145, 146, 153 ; ii, nama), v, 26, 27 160. See 301, 314, 373 ; iv, 250, Speaking Tree, the, 252 Tree. building and desciiption of, Speech, modes of, viii, 30 See ii, 285 seq. Spendyai, mountain. becomes the home of Kai Spe>zt6-data. As- Khusrau, ii, 333 Spe«t6-data (Spand-d4t, 12 referred to, iv, 238 fandiyir q.v.), v, GEXniiAL INDEX 377

Spe;(t(')-data (Spciulyarf, Sapad, Sufarai, glorification of, in Sipand q.v. ), mountain Iranian tradition, vii, 170 north-west of Nishapur, account of, vii, 173, 184, iiS ii, ; V, 30, 116, 117 185 Sphint-s. See Calanus. resolves to avenge Piriiz, Spica, star, i, 245. 271 ; viii, 379 vii, 173 Spitama, clan name of Zarduhsht writes to Haldsh, vii, 173

(Zoroaster), i, 236 ; iv, 15 marches on Marv, vii, 174 Spityura, brother of Yinia (Jam- correspondence of, with shid), i, 130 Khushnawaz, vii, 174 Spring, a, 143 defeats Khushnawaz, vii, of Sav, q.v., 163 177 Srovbar, mythical serpent, i, 172 gives the spoil to the troops, Stages, the Seven, J56. See As- vii, 177 fandiyar. Khiishnawdz sues for peace Stateira. See Barsine. to, vii, 178 Steed, piece in chess. See Horse. consults his troops, vii, Steeds, iron, Sikandai's, J59, vi, 178 "5 resolves to make peace, vii, filled with naphtha, vi, 115 179 Fur's elephants and troops replies to Khushnawdz, vii, routed by, vi, 116 179 Stone, the Black. See Black. returns to Iran in triumph, Strabo, Greek geographer (born vii, 180 c. 63 B.C.), vi, 68, 81 welcomed by Balash and Strength, handgrip as test of. the chiefs, vii, r8i See Handgrip. greatness of, vii, 181, 190 Subuktigin, father of Sultin dethrones Balish and makes

Mahniud, account of, i, 20 Kubad Shah, vii, 1S2 ^~ title of, i, 21 proverb concerning, vii, 185 referred to by, i, 100, 114 identical with Rizmihr, vii, Sudaba, daughter of the king of 185 Hamavaran and wife of fall of, vii, 190 seq. Kai Kaiis, 143-146, ii, 3, Ku bad's letter to, vii, 193 79, 188, 189, 200, seq. 225, arrest of, vii, 193 249, 257, 335, 339 property of, confiscated, vii, description of, ii, 86 194 marries Kai Kiiis, ii, 88 conveyed to Shdh Kubad, imprisoned with Kai Kaiis vii, 194 by her father, ii, 91 executed, vii, 195 released by Rustam, ii, 97 son of, (Rizmihi), vii, r96 temptation of Siyawush by, Sufis, vi, 59 and 7iole ii, 200 seq. Sughd (Sughdiana, Samarkand), slain by Rustam, ii, 340 district and city in Turk- referred to, v, 174 istan between the Oxus

Sufaiai (Sarkhin, SukhrA, and Jaxartes, i, 19 ; ii, Seoses ?), 166, vii, 170 230, 232, 237, 241. 249,

and note, 171, 173 seq. ; 358 ; iii, 244 ; iv, 65, 1S8, viii, 72, 75, 168, 285 189. 255; vii, 331. 337. appointed minister to the 358, 359 regent Balash, vii, 164 Sughdiana, vi, 72. See Sughd. 378 GENERAL INDEX

Suhrab, son of Rustam and Si'ikhra. See Sufarai. Tahmina danghter of the Sukhta, treasure, viii, 406 and king of Samangan, 144, rwfe Sultan. See Mahnnul. ii, 4, 25 ; iv, 296 ; v, 204 ; vi, 325 Sumai, viii, 195 Story of, J44, ii, 118 seq. Sun, on the Nature of the, Jjg, Note on, ii, 118 i, 105 purely episodic, ii, 118 one of the seven planets, i, Sir Jofin Malcolm's ver- 72

sion of, ii, 118 in astiology, i, 188, 310 Matthew Arnold's version and note

of, ii, 118 total eclipse of, vii, 159 Prelude to, ii, 119 Sunday, viii, 378, 380 lament of, for the loss of Sunnites, orthodox Muhamma-

Gurdafrid, ii, 119, note dans, i, 13 questions his mother as to oiigin of, i, 13 his father, ii, 126 Siir, city near Ispahan, iy6, iv, sired 180 chargei of, by Rakhsh, 146, ; ix, 74, 89, 95, ii, 128 97, 100, 116, 118 Afrasiyab's plot against, ii, Sura. See Shurab. 129 Surkha, son of Afrasiyab, 146,

gifts to, ii, 130 i, 92 ; ii, 344 seq. invades fran, ii, 130 taken prisoner by Fara- takes Hajir prisoner, ii, 131 marz, ii, 345 beguiled by Gurdafrid, ii,i33 death of, ii, 347 described by Gazhdaham, Sursan (Zib-i-Khusrau, Rumiya ii, 136 q.v.) city built by Nushii- sees from White Castle the wan, 168, vii, 317, 327, Iranian host advancing, 328 of ii, 148 Surush, angel, the messenger

seen while feasting bj'' Rus- Urmuzd, 75,7, 172, i, 51,

tam, ii, 150 175, 182 ; ii, 288, 289,

hears of the death of Zhanda 364, 408 ; iii, 277 ; iv,

Razm, ii, 151 139, 203, 265, 283, 307;

misled by Hajir, ii, 152 seq. V, 170, 253 ; vi, 199

overthrows the camp-en note, 372 ; vii, 38 ; viii, closure of Kaus, ii, t6o 173 the challenged by Rustam, ii, warns Gaiumait against 161 Black Div, i, 119

Rustam described by, ii, bids Gaiumart avenge Siya- 154. 169 mak, i, 120 advances of, to Rustam, visits and instructs Faiidun,

ii, 169 i, 159 Zah- spares Rustam's life, ii, 170 counsels Faridun about again encounters Rustam, ii, hak, i, 169 172 appears to Gudarz in a makes himself known to dream, ii, 363 Rustam, ii, 173 referred to, iv, 273 last requests of, to Rustam, informs Kai Khusrau that, is ii. 173 his prayer granted, iv, mourning for, ii, 182 seq. 281 GENERAL IXDEX 379

Surush, angel, bills Kai Khusrau Tabak, justifies himself, v'l 226 appoint J.nhiasp as his Aidsliir IVijiakan and, de- successor, iv, 281 feat Bahman, vi, 226 bo to \ may assunicd bavc buries Ardawan, i, 22<) acconipanittl Kai Klius- atlvises Arilshir I'apakan to rau on his pilgrimage, iv, marry the daughter of 139. 303. 308 Ardawan, vi, 229 saves Khusrau Parwiz from Tabaii, Arabic historian (A.D.

Bahram Chubina, viii, 838-923), iii, 108 ; vi, 14 189, 299 note, 16, 19, 30, 198, 200, n 88 Surush, day, i, ; vi, 411 291 note, 310, 313, 315,

Surush, astrologer, vi, 372 321, 326 ; vii, 3 seq., 156, takes liahram Cn'ir's horo- 159, 160, 170, 171, 185

scope, vi, 376 186, 217 ; viii, 73, 73 seq.. Siisanak, a miller's daughter, 188; ix, 4, 50, 01, O4, vii, 32 and note 69 taken to wife by Bahram account of death of Rustam Giii, vii, 33 by, V, 261 Susiana (Khiizistdn q.v.), vi, 295, etymology of Dirdb, v,

321 ; vii, 184 297 note Sviatoi, island lying off western Sasanians, vi, 14 note shore of the Caspian, i, 58 Alexander's battles with tiote Darius, vi, 30 Swat, river in Northern India, Yajuj and Majuj, vi, 78 vi, 65 rise of Sasanian dynasty, Swyamvara, Indian form of vi, 198 mairiage, iv, 316 Ardsliir Papakan, vi, 198, Syavarshana (Siyawush . q.v.), 203 of 11, 1S9 ; iv, 137 genealogies Papak, vi, 80 Syria (Sham), country, ii, ; 200

vi, 30 ; viii, 193 Worm, vi, 205, 206 raiiled by Persians, viii, 41 Haftwad, vi, 203, 206 Syriac, version of the Pseudo- length of Ardshir Papa- Callisthenes, vi, 14, 16, 18, kan 's reign, vi, 234 30, 31 seq., 61, 63, 65, 66, Ardawan 's daughtei, vi, 68, 71, 72, 74, 78 seq. 255 Chiistian Legend of Alex- Shapur, son of Ardshir ander, vi, 14, 15, 74,78,84 Papakdn, vi, 255, 257 quoted, vi, 15 death of Shdpur, son of metrical version of, vi Shapu*-, vi, 305 15. 78, 84 Bahr4m, son of Shapur, Syrian, ix, 06 vi, 368 Yazdagird, son of Shapur, vi, 371 seq. Kubad and Nushirwdn's reform of taxation, vii, 183 note, 215 Tabak, frdnian chief, 161, vi, 202, Turks, vii, 317

Persian, vii, 5 ; viii, 42, 73 Ardshii suspected by Papa- seq.. 187 seq. ; ix, 4, 3, 43,

k4n. A, 225 ] 70 38o GENERAL INDEX

Tabarf, Persian, story from, con- Tainush, Fui 's son in law, vi, cerning Kubad, vii, 183 133 note insults Sikandai, vi, 134 Arabic, viii, 42, 73, 1S7, 190 Kaidafa chides, vi, 135 Kaidafa and Sikandar con- 195 ; ix, 4, 5, 7, 43, 50 Tabaristan (Mazandaran, q.v.), sult about, vi, 135 makes a covenant with i, 39, 40 ; ix, 74 Firdausi's stay in, i, 39 Sikandar, vi, 136 Sikandar on chief of, i, 39, 40 accompanies his patron of Firdausf, i, 39 return, vi, 141 Table of Contents, General, ix,i39 Sikandar discovers himself Tables, Genealogical. See Gene- to, vi, 142 alogical. asks grace of Sikandar, vi, Tacitus, Roman historian (A.D. 142 55-120), iii, 10 and note, pardoned by Sikandar, vi,

15 ; vi, 73 142 at a Tahm^sp, father of Zav, i, 90, entertained banquet, II with and 369, 370 ; ii, ; iv, 283 presented gifts, Tahmina, daughter of the king of dismissed, by Sikandar, Samangan and mother of vi, 143 Suhrab, 144; ii, 4, 118 Tainush (Theodosius), 163, vi, precautions of, for her son's 372, 389, 404 as ambas- safety, ii, 127, 140, 149 goes to Yazdagird mourning of, for Suhrab, ii, sador, vi, 389 to 184 seq. asked by Bahram Giir

death of, ii, 186 intercede with Yazdagird for Tahmuras, Shah, 140, i, 42, 90, him, vi, 389 168 obtains Bahram Giii's re- 91, 214 ; ii, ; iii, 293 ;

iv, 133 ; vii, 9 and note, lease, vi, 390, 404 Tair Arab chief, 273 ; viii, 277, 332, 376 ; (Daizan, q.v.), 162 ix. 25 ; vi, 3, 322, 324, 330 Reign of, 140, i, 125 seq. seq. Note on, i, 125 Taisafun (Ctesiphon, q.v.), 16S,

Binder of the Div (Ahri- 174 > vi, 397 ; vii, 18S,

man), i, 125, 127, 214 194, 361, 363 ; viii, 53, 90, Ahriman and, legend of, i, 125 109 note, 118, 173, 175,

culture hero, i, 125, 126 180, 182, 229, 241 ; ix, 9,

divs rebel against, i, 127 10, 90 conquers and enslaves the Ardshir Papakan goes to, divs, i, 127 vi, 245 taught wiiting by the Shapur's bridge at, vi, 321, divs, i, 127 329

dies, i, 128 sacked by Tair, vi, 330 vi, Firdausi's reflections on, i, Shapur sends spies to, 346 128 Caesar defeated and taken vi, horn of, iii, 335 prisoner by Shapur at, Tainush (Chaiogos, Keratoi, 347 Kanir), son of Kaidafa, Niishirwan returns to, viii,

J59 ; vi, 66, 67, 134 seq. 53 Kaidafa warns Sikandar Bahram Chiibina marches 106 against, vi, 133 from province of, viii, GENERAL INDEX 381

Taisafi'in, Khusrau Panviz im- Talisman, Ca;sar's, J72 at prisoned viii, 421 ; ix, q described, viii, 271, 275 Barbae! visits Khusrau Par- deceives Persian envoys, wiz at, ix, 29 viii, 272 T4j, viii, 71 mastered by Kharrad, viii, Tdkdis, Throne of, IJ4, viii, 391 274

account of, viii, 391 Tamaiisk, plant, i, 4 ; v, 240, added to by J4m4sp, viii, 243, 246, 247, 256 branch of, fatal to Asfandi- Takht {or TAk)-i-BustAn, place y4r, v, 239 and note some four miles north- Tammisha (Kus), town in Eastern east of Kirmanshah in the JNIazandarAn, formerly a Persian province of Arde- seat of Faridun's, between lan and famous for its Sariyah and Astarabad, i, Sas4nian bas-reliefs, vi, 177, 216, 230 note 257 ; viii, 192 Tami'iz, viii, 77 inscription at, vi, 257 Tanais, river, iv, 315 and note Takht-i-Khusrau. 5eeMada'in. Tarak, river (the Atrak, the Takht-i-Sulaim4n (Shiz, q.v.), boundary between Gur- viii, 1 89 gcin and Dahistdn, or the Talhand, Indian prince, i6g, Turk flowing into the vii, 394, 396 seq. Jaxartes west of Tdsh- Story of Gav and, i6g, vii, kand ?), vii, 164, 165, 359 394. seq. Tardz, city now in ruins, north- mother of. See Gav. east of Tashkand neai the birth of, vii, 396 present town of Aulich-

tutor of, vii, 397, 398, 401, Ata, i, 257, 266; V, 157 ;

402, 408, 410, 414 vi, 268 ; viii, 370 ; ix, 41 rivalry between Gav and, Cypress of = Rud4ba, i, 269 vii, 397 seq. Idols of, ii, 123, 206; iii,

war between Gav and, vii, 248 ; iv, 218 ; viii, 370 404 seq. Tartary, iv, 156 offei of 168 rejects Gav's accom- Taurus, constellation, iii, ;

modation, vii, 406, 409 iv, 177 ; vi, 151 ; vii, 282 death of, foretold, vii, 408, Tausar, high piiest under Ard- 413. 418 shir Papakan, i, 62 defeated by Gav, vii, 412 letter of, i, 63 accepts Gav's proposal for a Tawdba, Iranian hero, iii, 25 decisive battle, vii, 415 Tawurg, Turanian hero, iv, 188 defeat and death of, vii, sent on an expedition by 416 Afrasiyab, iv, 1S8 Talikan, city and stronghold defeated by Rustam, iv, 193 of east Marv, ii, 228 ; iv, Taxation, i6j, vii, 224 65. 255 Fiidausi's exemption from, Piruz 121 ceded by to the Hait4- i. 35. 39 ; ix, lians, vii, 156, 160 reform of, by Kub^d, vii, 183 importance of, vii, 156 note, 215, 225

1 2 1 1 2 1 Talimdn, f dnian hero, i, , 7 Nushirwin, vii, 215, 225 seq. meets Kai Khusrau in Sughd Taxila, Indian city, vi, 63 vi. 255 situation of, vi, 62 382 GENERAL INDEX

Tazhav, an franian deserter to, TIr, genius, iii, 287, 328 and son-in-law of, Afrasi- month and day, i, 88, viii, 28 yab, 148 ; iii, 27, 394 sends Kabiida to spy out the Tiri, eunuch of Guzihr, vi, 198 fortress north Iranian host, iii, 73 Tirmid, city and of the Oxus where paileys with Giv, iii, 75 (Jihiin) route to defeated, iii, 77 the from Balkh crosses that flees with Ispanwi, iii, 77 Samarkand pursued by Bizhan, iii, 77 river, ii, 229, 258 ; iv, 65 ; escapes to Afrasiyab, iii, 78 vii, 156, 157, 331 attacks Bahram, iii, 100 Tirudih, village in the neighbour- of Istakhr taken prisoner by Giv, iii, hood (Persc- 102 polis), and the birth-place Temperaments, the four, vii, 38 1 of Ardshir Papakan, vi, 1 98 symboUsed in the game of Tishtar, Sirius, i, 235 nard, vii, 381 Tobit, Book of, iii, 272 Tennyson, quoted, v, 281 Toll-house and ford of Zark, ix, Tharthai, river in northern 100 and note, 116 Mesopotamia, vi, 322 Tollman, Giv and the, 146 ; ii, Theodore, brother of Herachus, 390 viii, 194 Gushtasp and the, iv, 324, in and TlieodosiopoUs, citj- Armenia, 332 note, 334 seq., 344 vii, 187 seq., 351 Theodosius II. (Tainiish, q.v.). Trade-routes, ancient, i, 11, 57

Eastern Roman Em- Traitana, i, 7, 8, 171 seq. peror (A.D. 401-450), vi, Trajan, Roman Emperor (A.D. vi, 372 ; vii, 187 98-117), 322 of Theodosius (Niyatiis, q.v.), viii, siege Hatra by, vi, 322 189 Translation, the principles adop- the Theophanes, Greek Chronicler, ted in present, i, 76 seq. account of last days of Translators of the Shahnama, Khusrau Parwi'z by, ix, 6 list of previous, i, 87 Thermodon, river on the south- Treasuie, of Jamshid, 164, vii, 36

ern shores of the Euxine, Kai Kh israu, 160, iv, 295 ; vi, 72 vi, 178 1 10 note Thornbrake town, the world, i, Sikandar, vi, and 310 Khusrau Parwa'z, viii, 406 81 the vi, Thraetaona, i, 171 seq. ; ii, Tree, Speaking, 160, 79

Thrita, i, 171 seq. described, vi, 167 seq. Tiber, river, v, 294 Sikandar visits, vi, 167, seq. Tibciius XL, Eastern Roman warns Sikandar of his death, 212 Emperoi, \ii, ; viii, 42 vi, 168, 169 Tigris (Arwand), river, vi, 294 Triad of evil, Zoroastrian, i, 59 and note 322 ; viii, 193, 194 ; ix, 67 Tribal, or Part, Kings, the, 160, small, the, vi, 199 and note vi, 180, 203, 204, 225, 252, lower, vi, 291 note 253 210 bridge over, vi, 321 origin of, vi, 179, 181, character of their rule vi, Tihran, citv, ii, 28 ; iii, 109 ; v, 14. '18 197, 198 edition of Shahndma, i. 76 number of, vi, 198 GENERAL INDEX 383 or Tribal, Part Kings, ArdawAn, Tur, etymology of, i, 174 the chief of, vi, 201 naming of, i, 187 Firilausi on, vi, 210 horoscope of, i, 188 Tribute, Rum's to frAa, vi, 24; made ruler over the Turk-

vii, 214,215, 248,262,333, mans and Chin, i, 189

338,362; viii, 52, 53 plots with Salm, i, 190 Trita, i, 7, 8, 171 seq. Salm and, demand the abdi-

Tshatrang-Xamak, Pahlavi text, cation of Iraj, i, 191

vii, 3S0, 381 Iraj visits, i, 198 of Tughral, a species falcon,, vii, reception of fraj by, i, 49 198, seq. described, vii, 48 slay Iraj, i, 201 Bahrdm Gur's, vii, 48 seq. send fraj's head to Fari- Tukhar, Fariid's counsellor, 14J, diin, i, 202 iii, 43 5^^. hear of Minuchihr, i, 208 tells Farud the blazons of send fen embassy to Fari- the Iranian chiefs, iii, 44 diin, i, 208 counsels Farud, iii, 47, 52 seq. receive Fan'dun's reply, Tukhdr, king of Dahistan, iv, 148 i, 213 seq. commands with Fariburz prepare for war, i. 215 the troops fiom Khdwar, parley of, with Kubad, i, 217 iv, 148 Salm and, worsted by Minu- slays a scout from Makran, chihr, i, 220

iv, 242 plan a night-surprise, i, Tukhdr, Iranian chief, viii, 228 220

takes letter to Caesar, viii, worsted, i, 221 263 slain by Minuchihr, i, 221

Tukhar, Iranian general, con- head of, sent to Faridiin, i, spires against Khusrau 222 Parvviz, viii, 414 Fire-temple at Bukhara releases Shirwi, viii, 413 built by, iv, 255 refuses to help Piruz against daughter of, iv, 304 Guraz, ix, 48 = Turan, iv, 51, 164 Tukhara, fidnian warrior, viii, chief of = Human, iv, 51 of = i\ 296 prince Shida, , 164 son of, viii, 314 Tiiran (Turkistan), the legendary Tumaspa (Tahniasp, q.v.), i, 369 patrimony of Tiir, q.v. and Tur, second son of Fan'dun and a general name for the luler of Turin, 140, 141, non-franian regions north

i. 42, 90 seq., 335, 337, of the Oxus (Jihiin), 142,

34^.344. 362 ; ii, 8, 17, 19, 146, 14S. 13J, IS3. 165-

99. 237, 262, 297, 302, 303, i6j ; i, 189, 229, 351, 371, 318, 327, 363, 390; iii, ii, 9, 18, 25, 79, 82, loi.

7. 30. 37. "5. 197. 245, 112 and passim ; iii, 8, 11,

246 ; iv, II, 34, 66, 69, 70, 15, 25, 29 and passim ; 78, 166, 167, 188, 201, 203, iv, 10, 15, 17, 19, 20, and 20 206, 269, 272, 290 ; V, 42, passim ; v, 12, seq., 25,

206, 261, 284 ; vi, 353 ; 32, 41. 43. 45. 53. C)i. and

vii, 73 ; viii, 266, 300, 376 passim; vi, 43. 182, 398;

note, 378 ; ix, 103 vii, 43, 92, I3

Tiiran—cont. Turk, Turks = Kulun, viii, 343 329. 331. 349, 350. 376, defeated by Yalan-sina, viii,

405, 407 ; ix, II, 89, 99 353 monarch of Chin and=Afra- Turkhan, Turanian hero, v, 151 siyab, ii, 99 sent with troops to recon- host of, ii, no noitre outside the Brazen lord of = Mahinud, iv, 142 Hold, v, 151 Turanians (Turkmans), 143, 148, Turkish, ix, 87 1 149' 51-153. 155. 165; Turkistan (Tiiran), I4y, ii, 19 ;

; 228 i, 9, 10, 54 ii, 11, 81, 265; iii, 109, ; iv, 233 ; v,

iii, 30, 115, 320, 322 ; iv, 55 ; vi, 179, 278, 280. 397;

7, 81. 129, 223, 227; V, vii, 84, 92, 118, 334, 365 ; 116 13, 20, ; vii, 90 ; viii, viii, 324, 336, 363, 376, 123, 320 377. 407 historical relations of, with Turkman, Turkmans (Tiiian. the Iranians, i, 16 ians), 148, 153, i, 20, 189,

Turk, Turks, i, 10, 20 ; viii, 95, 263, 343, 352, 357; ii, 103, 121, 135, 136, 138 12, 14, 15, 92, 100 and

seq., 142, 164, 169, 170, passim ; iii, 30, 63, 81, 93,

189. 316, 320, 349, 352 ; and passim ; iv, 10, 13, ix, 70, 96 seq., 105, 114, 15, 19, 20, 22, 29 and 120 117, passim ; v, 22, 25, 36, 39, confused vdth the Haita- 40. 44. 47. 51. 52, 61, 72, Uans, vii, 4 90 seq., 98 seq., 104 seq., historical appearance of, vii, 108, no, 113, 114, 116, 317 135, 152, 157. 158, 171.

Tabari on, vii, 317 173, 206, 254 ; vii, 48, 88. defeat the Haitahans, vii, 92, 97. 177. 179, 239, 344.

332 364 ; viii, 377 ; ix, 25, 76, described, vii, 332 94 War of, with Persians, viii, slave-boy of Zal meets the 72 damsels of Rudaba, i, 263 prophesied, viii, 98 seq. = Sawa, viii, 98 make peace with Zav, i, 371 defeated, viii, 126 army of, surrenders to As- find Sawa's corpse, viii, 127 fandiyar, v, 72, 113 sorcerer, sends ill dream to monarch of=Arjasp, v, 74 Bahram Chubina, viii, led by Kuhram, storm 121, 128 Balkh, burn the Fire- put to death, viii, 129 temple, and slay Zar- heads of chiefs of, sent to duhsht and the priests, v, Hurmuzd, viii, 130 92, 93 retreat to Tiiran, viii, 131 take Gushtasp's daughters three, the, viii, 187, 204 captive, v, 93 one of, attacks Khusiau kingdom of, offered by Parwiz, viii, 220 Asfandiyar to Gurgsar in reproved by Bahram return for faithful service, Chubina, viii, 221 V, 120 lead night-attack on Khus- ordered by Arjasp to march rau Panviz, viii, 227 out from the Brazen Hold = Makatura, viii, 319 in foice to. attack the in- GENEUAL 1X1) EX 38:

Turkman, Turkmans—out. Tus, Gustaham and, hear of

vadcrs under Bishiitan, v, Naudar's death, i, 3O4 passed over in the succession hear the cries o( the frdn- i. 3(J9. 370 ian watch in the Brazen character of, i, 369 Hold, V, 155 appointed captain of the refused quarter by Asfandi- host, ii, 78 yAr, V, 158 taken prisoner in Hama- language, vi, 147 varan, ii, 90 defeated by BahrAm Giir, released by Rustam, ii, 97 vii, 90, 91 goes in search of Kai Kdiis, sue for peace, vii, 91 ii, 104 war of Piriiz with, vii, 164 engaged in the Fight of the seq. Seven Warriors, ii, 107 inroads of, through the seq. Caucasus, vii, 238 commanded by Kai Kaiis to make submission to Nushir- hang Rustam and Giv, wan, vii, 360 ii. 143 =Turk, viii, 87, 89, 94, encampment of, described, 217 ii, 153 king = Afrisiydb, ix, 25 summons Rustam to fight Tiis, son of Naudar, franian hero, Suhrdb and helps to

146-149. 154, iy6 ; i, 90 saddle Rakhsh, ii, i6o

353. 370 ; ii. 33. 35. 38, quarrels with Giv over the 58, 62, 70, 73, 85, 90, 91, future mother of Siya- 127. 138. 142, 148, 177. wush, ii, 194 188, 193, 197, 199, 226, supersedes Siyawush, ii, 246 257. 316, 319. 335. 338, seq. 340. 349, 353 seq., 371, leads the host home, ii, 258

383. 394 ." i". II. 18, 19, intercedes for Surkha, ii, 24, 25, 37 seq., 45 seq., 60, 347 62, 64, 66 seq., 76, 78. 80, worsted in fight by Afrasi- 82 seq., 108, III seq., 132 yab, ii, 353 seq., 136 seq., 145, 149 appointed ruler of ChAch, ii, seq., 154, 155, 159, 161, 358 163, 166, 167, 169, 170, returns to ivkn, ii, 362 172, 174, 177 seq., 182, dispute of, with Giidarz over 183, 187, 206, 211, 213 Kai Khusrau, ii, 400 seq. seq., 225, 228, 230, 232, advocates the claims of Farl- 234. 235, 238, 246, 248, burz, ii, 401 253. 254, 255, 257, 259. asks pardon of Khusrau, ii, 268, 273, 277, 289, 294, 410

307, 322, 327, 329 ; iv, 13, hostility of, to Fariiil, iii, 13, 15. 62, 79, 9T, 157, 180, 51, ^2 191, 224, 226, 227, 242, marches on Kaldt, iii, 40

292, 296, 306 seq. ; v, sends chiefs to attack Farud, 208 57. 116, 207, ; viii, iii, 47 seq. 1 68 Bahrdm's remonstrance Gustaham sent and, by Nau- with, iii, 51 to dar conduct the Iranian hoise of, slain by Farud, iii, women to Alburz, i, 351 yoL. IX. 386 GENERAL INDEX

Tiis, resolves to attack Kalat, ni, Tiis, on Khusrau's j posted right,

62 i iv, 146 remorse of, for the death of takes part in the siege of Fan'id, iii, 67 Gang-bihisht, iv, 199 builds a charnel for Farud, oidered to prepare for a Rivniz, and Zarasp, iii, night-attack from Afra- 68 siyab, iv, 224 marches from Kalat, iii, 68 Kai Khusrau remonstrated defeats Tazhav, iii, 77 with by, and othei nobles, occupies Giravgard, iii, 78 for refusing audience, iv, defeated by the Turkmans, 275 iii, 82 Giidarz, and other ^nobles deprived of his command, take counsel, iv, 277 iii, 83 audience of, with Kai Khus- Kai Khusrau's wrath with, rau, iv, 283 seq. iii, 84, III, 112 holds with other chiefs, at superseded, iii, 86 the bidding of Kai Khus- returns to Kai Khusrau, iii, rau, an assembly on the 86 plain, iv, 291 seq. disgraced, iii, 86 Kai Khusrau's gifts to, iv, imprisoned, iii, 87 295. 300 pardoned, iii, 114 asks for further recognition challenges Piran to battle, from Kai Khusrau, iv, iii, 117 299 joins battle with Piran, iii, letains the charge of Kawa's 118, 126 flag and receives Khur- parleys with Human, iii, 121 asan, iv, 300 piays to be delivered from sets out with Kai Khusrau the snowstorm, iii, 128 on his pilgiimage, iv, retreats to Mount Ham4- 306 wan, iii, 132 refuses to turn back when makes a night-attack upon bidden by Kai Khusrau, Pi'ran, iii, 139 iv, 307 harangues the host, iii, 141 Kai Ivhusrau farewells and hears of the approach of suc- warns, and his comrades, cours, iii, 159 iv, 308 takes counsel with the host, disappears and is sought iii, 167 in vain by, and his arrays the host, iii, 169 comrades, iv, 308 chiefs and, take counsel with end of, iv, 309 of Rustam, iii, 172 Tiis, city, now in ruins, north

Rustam's wrath with, iii, Mashad in Khurasan, i, 28 234 39 ; V, ; vi, 393 ; ix, collects the spoil, iii, 235 90, 95 of worsted by Piiladwand, iii, birthplace Firdausi, i, 38, 257 41. 45 leads a host to Khaiazm. iv, governor ol, i, 39 61 piince of, i, 100, 114 son of = Zarasp, iv, 135 legendary origin of, iii, 14 made overseer of the host, legend concerning Fiidausi's iv, 149 burial at, iii, 191 CESllRAL ISDLX 3S7

1 lis, city, treasure of Kai Kdi'is Urmuzd, the Good Principle, i, " " called The IJride stored 5, 50, 116 seq., 236, ii, 82,

at. iv, 295 iii, 271, 286, 317, 327 ; iv,

SAm and the dragon of, v, 139. 185 ; v, 15 seq. ; vi,

202 55. 3(>2. 372. 387 ; vii, note local legend of, vi, 372, 391 228, 406 and ; viii,

seq. 285 ; ix, 24 governor of, ix, 92 Unity of, symbolised in the Tuwurg, Turanian hero, ii, 253 game of nard, vii, 381

of 88 ; Tuwurg, brother Khdn, lyj, day, i, ; iii, 323 vi, 302 viii, 364 and note, 306, 375 reports flight of Gurdya, viii, Urmuzd, Ashkanian (Parthian) 351 king, vi, 197, 210 sent in puisuit, viii, 351 Urmuzd, son of Shapur, Shcih parleys with Gurdya, viii. (Hormisdas 1), 161, 162, vi. 3, 257, 273, 280, 313. Twelve Kukhs (Champions), 327 Battle of the. See Rukhs. discovery of, by Ardshir Pa- Signs (Zodiac), vii, 408 pakan, vi, 257, 271 Tyre, city, vi, 30 birth of, vi, 271 siege of, vi, 30 counselled by Ardshir Pd- pakan, vi, 280 Shapur, vi, 299 Reign of, 162, vi, 301 seq. U Note on, vi, 301 title of, vi. 301 story about, vi, 301 of Clad, a div, 143, ii, 28, 59, 6i ; Urmuzd, son Narsi, Shdh note note iv, 296 ; v, 204 (Hormisdas II), 162, vi, 3, Rustam and, ii, 52 seq. 294. 295. 307. 315. 316.

niade king of Mdzandaran, 325 ; vii, 359; viii. 41 ii, 76 Reign of, vi, 318 seq. 'Umar, Khalifa (A.D. 634-643), Note on, vi, 318 66 i, II seq., 67 ; ix, seq., sons of, vi, 318 72, 76, 121 inaugural address of, vi, 318 founds Basra, ix, 69 pregnant wife of, enthroned, sends Hcishim in pursuit of vi, 320 Yazdagird, ix, 68 Urmuzd (Hormisdas), son of Nu'm4n to fight Yazda- Urmuzd, Persian Prince, gird, ix, 68 vi, 318, 325 Sa'ad to invade frdn, ix, referred to (?), vi, 337 7^ Urmuzd Ardshir (Ahwaz), city in 'Umar Khayyam, Persian poet Khuzistan, vi, 290 and and scientist (died A.D. note 1 1 23). V, 30 Urmuzd, frdnian warrior, viii. 296 Ummayyads, Muhammadan Uroscopy, vi, loi, 107. loS or ilynasty, i, 12, 13 Urumiah (Khanjast Chi'jast), Une, daughter of Alexander the lake in Azarbaijan, iv,

Great in the Pseudo-Cal- 136 ; viii, 195 listhcnes, vi, 77 Afrasiydb escapes from Hum Ural Mountains, iii, 192 into, iv, 262 and note 388 GENERAL INDEX

Ustad, fraiiian general, \ii, 251 Vardanes, wars of, with Gotarzes, commands Nushirwan's iii, 10, II right wing, vii, 251 assassination of, iii, 10, 11 Ustad, franian warrior, viii, 296 character of, iii, 15

Ustukila, Turanian hero, iv, 182 Varewg-ana, the raven, i, 235, 236 fights with Kai Khusrau, iv, Vedas, i, 129, 144, 171, 234, 337, 182 ii, 8, II, 25 'Utbi, Al, secretary to Sultan Vega, star, vii, 245

Mahmud, i, 32 Vendidad, Nask, vii, 188

'Uthman, Khalifa, i, 12 reference to Mazdak in, vii, Utterakuri, a legendary people, 188 ^i, 74 Venus, planet, i, 72, 100, 194,

Uzava (Zav), Shah, i, 369 276, 303, 322, 332, 339 ; ii, 115. 275, 345; iii, 143,

159, 254, 318, 332 ; V, 159; vi, 98, I02, 171, 190,

212, 224, 332 ; vii, 53,

Vale of heroes, vii, 6 151, 263 ; viii, 152, 359,

Valerian (Bazanush), Roman 394. 395 ." ix, 26, 73 Emperor (A.D. 253-260), Verethraghna, the raven, ii, 25

vi, 323 seq. Victory of Victories, The, ix, 69 . defeat and capture of, by Vidrafsh (Bidirafsh), v, 24, 26 Shapur son of Ardshir, vi, Village-chief, 154 294. 295 Vineyards, taxes on, vii, 215, 225

memorials of, vi, 295 Virgo, constellation, iii, 24 ; viii,

confused with Odenathus, 359 ; ix, 71 Julian, and Jovian, vi, Vishtasp (Vistaspa, Gushtasp, 324 seq. q.v.), V, 24 death of, in captivity, vi, Vistaspa (Vishtasp, Gushtasp, 326 q.v.), iv, 316; V, II 11 Valkash (Vologeses I), Parthian Vistasp-sast, v, Vitrified (Ashkanian) king, i, 62, 63 fortifications, vi, 79, 165 Va^idaremaini (Andariman), Vivanghat, i, 129 brother of Arjasp, v, 13 Vohiiman. See Vohu Manau. Varahran I (Bahram son of Vohu Manau (Vohiiman, Bah- Urmuzd), Sasanian king, man), ameshaspenta, iii,

vi, 307 271 ; V, 16, 17 Varahran II (Bahram son of Volga, river of European Russia, Bahram), Sasanian king, falling into the Caspian, vi, 310 iv, 316 Varahran III (Bahram Bahrami- Vologeses I (Valkash), Parthian yan), Sasanian king, vi, (Ashkanian) king (A.D. 51 313. 368 -77), i. 62, 63 Varahran IV (Bahrani son of Vologeses II, Parthian (Ashka- Shapur), Sasanian king, nian king), i, 19 of Kir- vi, 313. 368 Vologeses (Balash), king Ardshfr Varahran V (Bahram Gi'ir), man, temp. Papa- Sasanian king, vii, 3 kdn, vi, 205 Vardancs (Bahram), Parthian Vologeses (Balash), Shah, vii, 170 Parthian (Ashkdnian) king, iii, 9 Vonones I, (Ashkdnian) seq., 109 king (A.D. 8-12) GENERAL INDEX 389

Vouru-Kasha, sea, iv, 137 Whale, Sikandar's adventure \'iitra, deinon, ii, 25 with a, vi, 71, 147 Indra and, vi, 203 Wheeler, James Talboys, quoted, VulkTs-f-aiulaiuT rtlitioii uf the vi, 81 Go Shalinania, i, 77 ; vi, Whip, Bahrdm Gur's, vii, 47, 54, 63. 64 object of reverence, vii, 47, \V 54. 63 White Castle (Mount Sipand, Wahr, region, iii, 177, 228, 235 q.v.), stronghold north- father of of WakkAs, Sa'ad g.v., west Nishapur, 144, i, 176; ix, 72, 78, 82, 90 369; ii, 118, 131, 138 W4Ud, Khalifa, vi, 325 Malcolm's identification taxes Walnuts, on, vii, 225 and description of, i, War of the Religion, v, 19, 26, 29 236 ; V, 30 two campaigns of, v, 29 besieged by Barman, 1, Warazad, king of SipanjAb, i-f6, 354 ii, 3^1 seq., 346 evacuated by Gazhdaliam Warigh (Callinicus, KAliniyus, ii. 137 q.v., Nicephorium, Rakka) Div, 143. See Dfv. cit}, viii, 188, 253, 257, Elephant,/^/. S^e Elephant. 280 Huns (HaitaHans, q.v.), 1, 20 Khusrau Parwiz takes up his Will, of Alexander the Great, vi, abode at, viii, 257 81 Warriors, the Seven, Story of the provisions of, vi, 81, iSi Fight of, 143. ii, 25, 82, Kubad, son of Piriiz, vii, 210 forbidden 107=seq. Wine-drinking, by Warstead Bidad, iii, 245 Bahrani Gur, vii, 23 Wash, city, viii, 24 and note again permitted, vii, 25 Firdausi's love of. See Fir- Water,— scarcity of, i, 3 courses, underground, i, 3 dausf. —horse, 163, vi, 373, 392 Wisa, Turanian hero, uncle of referred to, vi, 373 Afrasiyab, 142, i, 92, 337, of legend Yazdagird and 342, 353. 361, 362 ; ii, 112 — the, vi, 392 354 ; iii. 79, 102, 105, 121, stealing demons, i, 7, 338 197, 202, 206 ; iv, 32, 39, of Life, 160, v, 30 ; vi, 159, 50, 54. 55. 74. 84, 95. 99. 160 103, 113, 115, 122 Wazir (minister), piece in chess, pursues Karan, i, 355 vii, 385, 423 finds Barman dead, i, 356 position of, vii, 388, 422 defeated by Karan, i, 357 move of, vii, 422 returns to Afra.siyab, i, 357 West, Dr. E. W., referred to, v, sayings of, iv, 32 II Wisagird, city in Turin, ijT, iv,

West, the, Salm's portion of the 19. 20, 65 ; vii. 157, 331. world, i, 189 Wisdom, praise of, vii, 103 gateway of, viii, 369 and Firdausi's, I3g note referred to, vii, 278 Western sea, the, 160, vi, 138 —literature, Persian, vii, 278 Whale, mistaken for an island, seq., vni, 3 vi, 71, 147 iMolil on, vii, 280 390 GENERAL INDEX

Wisdom, literature, Noldekc on, Yalan-sina (Mardanshali), bro- vii, 2S1 ther of Bahram Chubina, apportionment of, viii, 202 viii, 74, 102, 122, 135, 138, Witch, 143, 156. See Sorceress. 157, 163, 169, 204, 288, Wizard-land, vii, 120 and note 291, 296 seq., 303, 316, 121 6 Wolf, 154, 156, 165, vii, seq. 356, 337 ; ix, and note goes hunting with Bahram slain by Bahram Giir, vii, Chubina, viii, 156 123 pursues and brings back of Faskiin. See Faskiin. archscribe viii, 159 Women, City of, 160 See Hariim. speech of, viii, 165, 170 Wonders, 160, iv, 245 worsted by Khusrau Parwiz, the Four, of Kaid, i^g. See viii, 229

Kaid. commands the centre, .-iii, World, on the making of the, ijg 289 Worm, the, 161, vi, 195, 206, 238 Bahram Chubina makes, his seq. mandatory, viii, 342 Story of, 161, -vi, 196, 203 defeats the Turks, viii, seq., 232 seq. 353 Mohl, Noldeke, and Dar- negotiates marriage between mesteter on, vi, 203 seq. Gurdya and Gustaham, cult of, vi, 235 viii, 357 Ardshir Papakan's strata- Yama. See Yima. gem against, vi, 242 Yaman (Hamavaran), south- servants of, vi, 242 seq. western Arabia, 140, 160, Writing, art of, taught by the 162, i, 181 seq., 266, 286; 80 260 divs to Tahmuras, i, 127 ii, ; iv, 146 ; v, ; vi, 73, 120, 121, 324, 331,

385. 386, 396, 401 ; vii,

X 262 ; viii, 98

king of = Sarv, 140, i, 178, Xerxes, Persian king (B.C. 485- 179, 182

465). v, 282 Yaman, carnclians of, ii, 123 ; iii, Asfandiyar and, v, 282 289

effigy of, falls, vi, 30 Canopus of, ii, 203 ; iii, 297 ; vi, 382 onyx of, vi, 128 striped stuff of, vi, 175

monarch of, vi, 175 ; viii, YAjxij and MAjiij (Gog and 16 Magog, q.v.), 160, vi, 79, gives gifts to Sikandar, 163 seq., 211 note ^i. 175 legend of, in the Kuran, vi, = Munzir, vi, 378, 387, 78 390 _ Tabari on, vi, 78 Bahram Gur goes to, vi, 378, described, vi, 163 390 Ya'kub bin Lais, Persian chieftain conquered by Persians, viii, and founder of the Saffari 24 note dynasty, i, 67, 68 curtains of, viii, 148, 151 Ya'kubi, Arabic historian (died Yanus (Julian), brother of Ca?sar, A.D. 891) 162, vi, 324, 326 GENERAL IXDEX 391

Ydnus, Icatls a host against SliA- Yazdagird, consults the astrolo- piir, vi, 351 gers, vi, 390 (kfoatcd, vi, 352 death of foretold, vi, 301 Vaslit XXII, nu'trical para- attacked by bleeding of the j)lirasi' of, vii, 318 nose, vi, 390 Yatkar-i-Zariran, Pahlavi text, death of, vi, 373, 393 nole V, 13, 24, 27 and ; vii, Noldeke on, vi, 373 380' corpse of embalmed and compared with Daki'ki's taken to Pars, vi, 393 work, V 24 scq. Yazdagird, son of Bahrdm Giir resembles KArnimak, vi, (Isdigerd II), Shdh, 166,

195, 196 vi, 3 ; vii, 4, 152, 136, 160, Yazates (Izads), the, iii, 286 187 Yazd, city in central Persia, vi, welcomes his father on his return from Hind, vii, Yazdagird, son of Shapiir, Shah 137 (Isdigerd I), 163, 164. vi, apjjointed by Bahram Giir

3 ; vii, 4, 10, log, 119, to succeed him, vii, 150 171. 185. 359 Reign of, 166, vii, 153 seq.

referred to, vi, 369 ; vii, Note on, vii, 153 74 a blank in Shahnama, vii, Reign of, i6j, vi, 371 seq. 153 Note on, vi, 371 5^^. historicallj important, vii, parentage of, uncertain, vi, 153 371 wars of, vii, 153 lover of peace like Aknaton fortifies passes in the Cau- of Egypt, vi, 371 casus, vii, 153, 1 87 titles of, vi, 371, 372 title of, vii, 153 Tabari on, vi, 372, 373 sons of, vii, 153 coins of, vi, 373 appoints Hurmuz to suc- evil administration of, vi, ceed him, vii, 155 374. 404 dies, vii, 155 makes search for a governor Yazdagird (Isdigerd III), Shdh, for his son Bahram Gur, 176, V, 294 ; vi, 3 ; viii,

vi, 376 seq. 55, 73 ; ix, 5. 61, 64 seq., Nu'man and Munzir visit, 68 seq., 72, 81, 90, loi,

^'i. 377 105, 106, 113, 115, 116,122 puts Bahrim Giir in Mun- Reign and Era of, 176, ix, zir's charge, vi, 378 64 receives from Munzir a pic- Note on, ix, 64 ture of Bahrdm Giir shoot- taken for safety to Istakhr, ing, vi, 385 ix, 64 Bahram Giir returns to, vi, age of, at accession, ix, 65 386 difficult position of, ix, 65 gives presents to, and sends Yazdagird, historical importance a letter by, Nu'mdn to of reign of, ix, 65 Munzir, vi, 387 flight of, from Ctesiphon, ix, disgraces Bahram Giir, \i, ^7 389 Ihilwan, ix, 68 sends JJahram Gur back to last attempt of, to recover Mun_ir, vi, 390 his empire, ix, 68 392 GENERAL INDEX

Yazdagird, concentrates his Youths, two, bid Ardshir Papa- forces atNahavand, ix, 68 kin not to tarry in his defeated and a fugitive, ix, flight from Ardawan, vi, 6f) 201, 222 death of, referred to, ix, 69 Youths, two', entertain and coun- host returns to, after Kadi- sel Ardshir Papakan in siya, ix, 85 the matter of the Worm, hears of Rustam's death, ix, vi, 207, 239 seq. 85 help Ardshir Papakan to quits Baghdad, ix, 88 slay the Worm, vi, 242, makes for Marv, ix, 8g 244 entrusted to Mahwi by Yudhishthira, eldest of the five Farrukhzad, ix, 95, 96 Pandavas, iv, 138 at Marv, ix, 97, 116 renunciation of the world, hears of tlie coming of the and ])ilgrimagc to heaven Turks, ix, 97 of, compared with that of betrayed by Mahwi, ix, 98 Kai Khnsrau, iv, 138 defeated, ix, 98, 116 Yunan, vi, 95 and note, viii, 258 miller and, ix, 99 seq. Faith of, vi, 95 described, ix, 99, loi Mah\vi bids miller slay, ix, 107, 116 Z slain, stripped and flung into stream, ix, 108, 109 and Zab, lesser, tributary of Tigris, note viii, 189 corpse of, recovered, la- Zabul, ZabuIistan=Nimruz = mented over and en- Sistan, ^ 141, 142, 144,

tombed, ix, 109 seq. 156 ; i, 248, 252, 254, 264, Firdausi on, ix, iii 282, 324, 332, 357, 361, Yazdagird, chief scribe, temp. 364, 366, 367, 371, 375,

Nushirwan, vii, 304, 307, 381 ; ii, 21, 28, 42, 61, 312, 333, 337, 339, 39 + 83, 92, 126, 138, 141, 142, discourse of, vii, 305 156, 168, 227, 228, 245,

questions Biizurjmihr, vii, 260, 338, 362, 363, ; iii, 308 14, 134, 141, 145, 153, 165, Yazdan, viii, 75 171, 174, 175, 186, 190, Yazdanbakhsh (Ayin Gashasp 199, 200, 202, 206 seq., 217 q.v.), viii, 75, 76 246, 250, 269, 274, 321,

Yazdin, viii, 195, 196 326, 342, 347, 354, 356 ; Year, New, festival at, i, 104 iv, 147, 279,283,296, 311; Yima (Yama, Jamshid), i, 7, V, 85, 86, 167, 169 seq., 130, 374 173, ^75 seq., 181 seq.,

legend of, i, 129 193. 194. 212, 215, 219, Yokel, a, 164 223, 224, 235. 248, 251, entertains Bahrdm Gur, vii, 252, 255, 256, 258, 265, 43 seq. 266, 273, 275 seq., 281,

wife of, her converse with 283, 285 seq. ; vi, 207 ; Bahram Gur, vii, 45 vii, 173, 174, 193; viii,

presage of, vii, 46 369 ; ix, 75 rewarded by Bahram Giir, invaded by Shamasas and vii, 48 Khazarwan, i, 345, 358

' • Not the same apparently as those above. See p, 333 note. GENERAL IXDEX 303

of the ZAbul, vintage of, ii, no Zahhdk, becomes king occupied by tlic Turk mans, Arabs, i, 137 out of tiie i, 19 ; iii, 14, 30 serpents grow C"iusht goes to, v, 85 shoulders captures and slays Jamshid, Asfandiyar, v, 216 i, 140 Bahman's sojourn in, v, 252, Reign of, 140, i, 141, seq. 256 Note on, i, 141, seq. pillaged by Bahman, v, 287 not destroyed, i, 143 Bahman quits, v, 290 feast in celebration of over- Zabuli, a native of Zabul, iii, throw of, i, 143 188,201,257,326; V, 212 dream of, i, 147 a, made king of Kabul, v, Arnawaz' advice to, con- 277 cerning, i, 148 Zad Farrukh, suggests Bahrain takes counsel with the archi- Chiibina to Hurmuzd, magcs, i, 149 viii, 99 warned by Zirak, i, 149 for speech of, viii, 241 seeks Faridiin, i, 150 Zadsham, king of Tiiran and slays Abtin, i, 151, 153 grandfather of Afrasiy4b,i, iiirmaya, i, 152 burns Fandiin's i, 92, 342 seq.. 376 ; iv, 149, palace, 163. 166, 203 152, 158 ofifspring of =Afrasiyab, iv, K4wa and. Story of, 140, i, 178 154 seq. revolts Zagros, mountain-range in wes- K4wa against, i, 156 tern fran, viii, 189 Faridiin resolves to war Zahhak (Azhi Dahaka), son of with, i, 157 Mardis, Arab king and marches against, i, 159 161 Shah, 140, 141 ; i, 42, 90, capital of, i,

entered Faridiin, i, 161 91 ; ii. 33, 81, 318 ; iii, by talisman of, overthrown 257 ; iv. 89, 206, 272, 274, by

i, i6i 290 ; V. 12, 180, 203, 204, Faridiin, for in vain Fari- 284 ; vi, 15, 45, 172, 209, sought by note 162 240 and ; vii, 185, diin, i, 199; viii, 218, 239, 241, minister of, 140, i, 164 seq. hears from Kundrav of Fari- 387. 391 ; i-^. -5. 65, ' 103 diin's doings, i, 165 with protagonist of idolatry and goes to fight Faridiin, of the Semitic race, i, 54, i, 166 143, 226, 256 enters his palace, i, 167 one of the Zoroastrian triad overthrown by Faridiin, i, 168 of evil, i, 59 and note referred to by Moses of Cho- Sunish's counsel to Faridiin rene, i, 72, 144 concerning, i, 1O8, 169 fettered to Mount Damd- Story of, 140, i, 135 seq. tempted by Iblis, i, 136 seq. wand, i, 1O9 father of, 140 future final destruction of, murdered by, i, 137 J. 173 note referred to, viii, 387 saying of, ii, 171 and 394 GENERAL INDEX

Zahhak, an Aryan myth, ix, 65 Zal, horoscope of, taken, i, 251 king of Babylon, ix, 65 made regent of Zabul by an Arab, ix, 65 Sam, i, 253

Zahi'r, Iranian hero, iv, 14.S progress of, in the arts, i, 255 commands the Bedouins in makes a progress through Kai Khusrau's army, iv, his realm, i, 256 148 Riidaba and, story of, i, 257 Zainig'u, Zaini'gav, ii, 81 seq. Zairi-vairi (Zariadres, Zarir, q.v.), referred to, iii, 285 falls in iv, 316 ; V, 12 hears of, and love Zal (Dastan, Dastan-i-Sam, Das- with Mihrab's daughter, tan-i-Zand, Zal-i-zai), son i, 257 seq.

of Sam and father of described, i, 260, 268 Rustam, 141, 142, 15J, sees Riidaba's handmaids,

154. 156, 157 ; h 145. -235, i, 263 II interview with 384, 387 ; ii, 4, seq., of, Riidaba's 18, 19, 21, 33 seq., 49, 58, handmaids, i, 266 61, 62, 69, 77, 140, 168, invited to visit Riidaba, i, 169, 180, 182, 227, 228, 267, 269 to i 271, 286, 290, 318, 319, goes Riidaba, , 270 seq. his troth 338, 362, 371 ; iii, 8, 17, plights to Riidaba, 18, 21, 22, 35, 121, 132, i, 272 138, 141, 147, 190, 202, consults the archimages on 221, 245, 269, 274, 279, the matter of Riidaba, i, 283, 307, 321, 322, 325, 273 328, 331, 347. 351. 354. writes to Sam, i, 275 with 355 ; iv, 13. 147.222,251, go-between of, Riidaba, 280 277. 319 ; V, II, 14, 15. i, 58, 86, 169, 173 seq., 197, sends Sam's letter to Rii- 200, 204, 210, 212, 219 daba, i, 280 seq., 231, 240 seq., 246, goes to plead his cause with 255, 256, 261, 277 seq., Sam, i, 292 281, 283, 290; vi, 79; bears a letter of appeal from to viii, 223 ; ix, 25 Sam Miniichihr, i, 295 Minii- vaiious names of, i, 84, 245 well received by and note, 248 and note chihr i, 306

born with white hair, i, astrologer's presage con- 240 cerning, i, 307 the arch- cast away by Sam, i, 241 questioned by found and brought up by images, i, 308 the the Simurgh, i, 242 answers archimages, i, seen by a caravan, i, 309 242 displays his accomplishment informed of his parentage by before Miniichihr, i, 311 returns to the Simurgh, i, 245 Sam, i, 316 to given a feather by the goes with Sam Kabul, i, Simurgh, i, 246 317 restored to Sam by the felicitated by Sam, i, 318 to Simurgh, i, 247 married Riidaba, i, 318 to goes with Sam to court, i, and Riidaba go Sistin, i, 249 319 GENERAL IXDI-X 305

Zal, left regent of Sistdn by S4m' Zal, witnesses Kai Khusrau 's i. 3>y oath to avenge Siydwush, siiiuiuoiis tlic Si'murgh to iii, 22 succour Kiulaba, i, 320 son of = Rustam, iii, 132 goes with Rustam and Mih- meets Giv, iii, ^^ i rdb to meet Sam, i, 324 sayings of, iii, 316, 351 bids Rustam take Mount sumnjoned by the franians SijKind, i, 329 to remonstrate with Kai hears of Rustam's success, Khusrau, iv, 278 i. 33^ sets out for fran with Rus- bids Rustam destroy the tam and sages, iv, 279 of hold Mount Sipand, i, met on arrival by Gudarz 333 and other chiefs, iv, 282 informs Sam of Rustam's holds converse with the

exploit, i, 334 Iranians, iv, 282 buries Sam, i, 358 audience of, with Kai Khus- hears from Mihrdb that rau, iv, 283 seq. Shamasas and Khazar- asks pardon of Kai Khus- wan are invading Zabu- rau, iv, 290 listan, i, 359 holds, with other chiefs, at goes to the help of Mihrdb, the bidding of Kai Khus- i. 359 rau, an assembly on the shoots arrows into the ene- plain, iv, 291 seq. mies' camp, i, 359 Kai Khusrau's gift to, iv, slays Khazarwan, i, 360 -295 wounds Kulbad, i, 361 companions of, rewarded by to puts Shamasas flight, i, Kai Khusrau, i^', 297 361 returns thanks, iv, 298 hears of the death of protests against Luhrasp's Naudar, i, 364 succession, iv, 301 fights with Afrasiyab, i, acknowledges Luhrasp as 368 Shah, iv, 302 proposes the election of a sets out with Kai Khusrau new Shah, i, 370 on his pilgrimage, iv, reproached by the frin- 306 ians, i, 375 turns back at the bidding of reply of, i, 375 Kai Khusrau, iv, 307 bids Rustam prepare for laments the loss of the pala- war, i, 376 dins and returns to Iran, gives Sam's mace to Rus- iv. 310 tam, i, 378 promises fealty to Luhrisp, collects horses for Rustam, iv, 311 i. 37« Rustam and, welcome Gush- marches against AfrAsiydb, tasp to Sistan, v, 85 i, 3«i hears of Bahman's ap- urges the frcinians to choose proach, V, 182 a Shah, i, 381 interview of, with Bahman, sends Rustam to summon V, 1S3 Kai Kubid. i. 382 give Bahman a guide to goes to do homage to Kai conduct him to Rustam, Khusrau, iii, 1 7 V, 184 396 GENERAL INDEX

Zal, Riklaba and, l)i(l(len by Zand, comment, i, 65 Rustam to prepare to Zandavasta, i, 116, 129, 144, 171 receive Asfandiyar, v, 190 seq.. 234, 337, 338, 369; Rustam recounts his inter- ii, 8, 25 seq., 81, 118, 189, 8 view with Asfandiyar to, 190 ; iii, ; iv, 151, 228, II V, 196 253, 259, 308 ; V, seq., Rustam and, vilified by 30, 36, 41, 43, 51, 82, 85, Asfandiyar, v, 201 100, 173, 176, 216, 241,

receives a message from 294. 299. 309 ; vi, 17. 55,

Rustam by Zawara, v, 226, 252, 343, 356 ; vii, 230 200, 207, 283, 302 ; viii, grieves over Rustam 's 96, 246, 283, 312 wounds, V, 234 traditional origin of, i, 61 summons the Simurgh to discussed, i, 62 Rustam's aid, v, 235 language of, i, 63 seq. goes to Rustam and Asfan- meaning of, i, 65 diyar, V, 247 origin of chief characters in, forebodes Rustam's future, i, 65 of V, 247 diffusion traditions in, i, father of Shaghad, v, 260, 263 extant portions of, i, 70 sends Shaghad to be brought note np at Kabul, v, 264 quoted, i, 99, 130, 141, 142, laments for Rustam, v, 273 17-i. 235, 369; viii, 218, sends Faramarz against 240 Kabul, V, 274 sent by Gushtasp to every bids Riidaba to cease to clime, V, 77 mourn for Rustam, v, burnt by the Turkmans at 278 Balkh, V, 92 receives and replies to Bah- passage from, metrically man's hostile message, v, paraphrased, vii, 318 285 Zanga. Iranian hero, 145, 151, goes to meet Bahman, v, ii. 73. 90. 228, 249, 271,

286 31S ; iii, 20, 34, 43. 45, palace of, sacked, v, 286 48, 67, 92, 115, 350 ; iv, Bishutan intercedes for, v, 13. 15. 24, 105, 147 288 takes part in the Fight of released and returns to his the Seven Warriors, ii, palace, v, 289 107 seq. S i a w u s h Zal-i-zar (Zal, q.v.), i, 84, 248 and accompanies y note against Afrasiyab, ii, Zam (now Karkhi), town on the 226 left bank of the Oxus sent on an embassy to Afra- beween Amwi (Charjui) siyab, ii, 250 seq. and Tirmid, where, there goes with Rustam to rescue was a crossing-place, ii, Bizhan, iii, 334 Farsliidward, iv, 394. 395 ; iv, 65. i57 ; vii, opposes 359 83 to = Oxus, ii, 97 chosen fight Akhast, iv, Zamyad, Yasht, i, 338 97 106 Zamzam, iv, 258 note slays Akhdst, iv, GENERAL INDEX 397

Zanga, Kai Klmsrau remon- Zurduhsht, account of, i, 02 stratod with by, and meaning of, v, 13 other nobles, lor refusing legend of, v, 14 seq. audience, iv, 275 converts Gushtasp, v, 18, Zangula or Zangula, Tiirdnian 33 hero, 151, iv, 26 success of evangel of, v, 34 chosen to fight with Furii- plants the Cypress of Kish- hil, iv, 97 mar,, v, 27, 34 slain by Furiihil, iv, 101 advises Gushtasp not to jjay Zarang, former capital of Sistcin, tribute to Arjdsp, v, 35 situated some twenty referred to, v, 36, 38, 41 miles from the north- slain at Balkh, v, 92, 93 eastern shores of Lake amulet given to Asfandiy^r Zirih, i, 4 by, v, 130 Zarar, vi, 200 religion of, under the Sds4- son of nian Zarasp, Miniichihr, i, 248 ; empire, vi, 251 riole. iv, 147 (?)• girdle of, v, 16 ; vi, 332

kindred of ', go to the Fire-fane of, vii, 139 temple of Azargashasp, high priest of, converts iv, 270 Sapimid, vii, 139 go to meet Zk\ and Rus- saying of, viii, 218, 240 tam, iv, 2S2 Zarduhsht, high priest, 170, viii, go with Zarir to Rum, iv, 81 360 visits fzid Gashasp in prison, Zarasp or Zarasp, son of Tiis, 14^, viii, 82 iii, 24, 54, 57, 59, 60, 67, visit of, reported to Hur-

72, 113, 114 ; iv, 135 muzd, viii, S3 goes against Fariid, iii, 53 poisoned by Hurmuzd, viii, referred to, iii, 55; iv, 149 83 seq. burial of, iii, 68 Zariadres (Zairi-vairi, Zarir, q.v.), Zarzisp, treasurer of Kai Khus- v, 26 rau, iv, 269 legend of, iv, 314 seq. makes gifts to Azargashasp, Zarir (Zariadres, Zairi-vairi), iv, 269 brother of Shah Gushtdsp, franian Zarasp, hero, iv, 180, 301 ^54, 155. i. 42 ; ii, 3 ; ; iv, Zarathustra, Zarathushtra. See 315. 316, 318, 347; v, 12, Zarduhsht. 13, 24 seq., 37, 41 seq., 49 Zarduhsht (Zarathushtra, Zoro- seq., 60 seq., 73, 94, 109, aster), prophet, law-giver, 169, 181, 193, 254, 261 and evangelist of ancient sent by Luhrasp in pursuit frdn, 755, i, 53, 116, 235, of Gushtasp, iv, 320

236 ; ii, 8, 9 ; iv, 272 ; charger of, iv, 321 v, 9 seq., 23 seq., 27, 28, returns with Gushtasp, iv, 42, 51, 77, 173, 206, 216,. 322 consulted 217, 241, 255 ; vi, 55.252, by Luhrasp, iv, 328; \ii, 9, 207,264,318; 323. 35S viii, 67, 213, 308 advises Luhrdsp, iv, 358 Zandavasta revealed to, i, 61 goes with other chiefs on a title of a line of priest- mission to Rum, iv, 359

• princes, i, 61 reaches Halab, iv, 360 '!(!> not clear whiich Zarasp is inttndcd, 398 GENERAL INDEX

Zarir entrusts the host to Zav, accession of, i, 370 Bahram, iv, 360 drought and famine in tlie goes to Caesar's court, iv, 360 time of, i, 371 audience with Caesar of, and concludes peace with the recognition of Gushtasp Turkmans, i, 371 by, iv, 360 dies, i, 372 gives Luhrasp's answer to Zawara, brother of Rustam, 146, Caesar, iv, 361 157. ii. 4. 96, 228, 347, in his visited camp by Gush- 349 ; iii, 30, 202, 325,

tasp, iv, 361 328 ; iv, 24, 34 ; v, 173, informs Gushtasp of Luh- 174, 182 seq., 187, 191, rasp's abdication in his 231, 260, 261 favour, iv, 362 engaged in the Fight of the Love-story of, v, 26, 27 Seven Warriors, ii, no Death-story of v, 26, 27 seq. converted by Zarduhsht, v, worsted by Alkiis, ii, 115 33 rescued by Rustam, ii, 115 answers, in conjunction with made leader of Rustam 's Asfandiyar and Jamasp, host, ii, 142 Arjasp's letter, v, 42 left in charge of Rustam's 161 death of, foretold by Jam- host, ii, asp, V, 51 goes on embassy to Human, receives the standard and ii, 176 the command of the cen- safe-conducts Hunicin from 182 tre from Gushtasp, v, 55 fran, ii, 176, 181, to prowess of, v, 61 seq. incites Rustam avenge slain by Bidirafsh, v, 63 Siyawush, ii, 360 Zarir-nama, v, 26, 27 given a command, iv, 149 Zark, town south-east of Marv, goes with Rustam to the ix, 98 right wing, iv, 180 canal of, ix, 98 referred to, v, 186, 228, corpse of Yazdagird flung 261 into, ix, 109 Faramarz and, sent by Rus- recovered from, ix, 109 tam to bid Zal and ford and toll-house of, ix, Riidaba prepare to re- 100 and note ceive Asfandiyar, v, igo chief of, ix, 100 brings Rustam's armour, v, hears from miller about 218 the Yazdagird, ix, 109 put in charge of troops, Zarmihr. See Kizmihr. V, 222 to the Zarniish, city in Khiizistan, vi, 35 goes with Rustam Zartusht Bahram Pazdhii, Hirmund, v, 222 author of the Zartusht- Rustam's instructions to, v, nama, v, 18 222 Iranians 1 o Zartusht-nama, poem, v, 18 provokes the Zav, Shah, 142, 143, i, go, 91, combat, v, 225 Niish Azar, v, 381 ; ii, II, 36 ; iv, 283 slays 227 in of v, Reign of, 142, i, 369 scq. goes quest Rustam, Note on, i, 369 230 mentioned in the Zanda- takes from Rustam a mess- for vasta, i, 369 age Zdl, V, 230 GENERA 1. ISDHX 399

Zawara, grifvcs over Rustani's Zoroastrian, cosmogony, i, 5 wounds, V, 234 view of Buddhism as idola- goes to Rustain and Asfan- trous, i, 16 of diyar, v, 2.\-j conception destiny, i, 52 warns Riistam against Bah- propaganda, i, 58 scq. nian, v, 230 triad of evil, i, 59 and note Rustam and, with small scriptures. See Zandavasta. escort, goto Kahtil, v, 268 calendar, i, 88 goes hunting with Rustam, adopted by Darius Hys- V, 270 taspis, i, 59

falls a victim to treachery, Zoroastrianism, i, 49 ; vi, 15, 196,

V, 270, 273 251. 252, 327, 328 ; vii, death of, V, 273 188, 317 body of, taken from the pit conceptions of, i, 5, 51. 5.2 by Faramarz, and buried original seat of, i, 56 seq., V, 275 62 tlie state Zend, language, i, 64 becomes religion, improper use of term, i, 64 i. 59 Zeus, Babylonian, vi, 22 declines after Alexander's oracle of, consulted, vi, 22 conquest, i, 60 Zhanda Razm, maternal uncle of scriptures of. See Zanda- Suhrab, 144, ii, 149, 151 vasta. accompanies Suhrab to Iran, under the Parthians, i, 60, ii, 150 63 death of, ii, 150 revival of, i, 63 referred to, ii, 160 based on nature-worship, i, Zhangwi, Turkman noble, viii, 116 331 existed before Zoroaster, i, Zib-i-Khusrau (Riimiya, qv.), 116 city, i6y, vii, 259 under the Sisanian empire, Zijanak, daughter of Ardawan, vi, 251 q.v., 161, vi, 255 millenia of, vi, 252 Story of, in Karnamak, vi, Zii'l Aktaf, title of Shdpi'ir, son 255 of Urmuzd, 162, vi, 323 Tabari, vi, 255 meaning of, vi, 323 note Shdhnama, vi, 259 seq. Zu'lfakar, ii, 337 and Alex- Zinfgav, ii, 81 Zu'1-karnain (Sikandar, Zira, father of Gurwi, 152, ii, 295, ander the Great), vi, 51 in 314 ; iii, 120, 197, 199 ; iv. legend of, Kur^n, vi, 78,

97. W, 127, 219 ; V, 272 84 Zirak, an archimage, i, 150 barrier of, vi, 78 site warns Zahhak, i, 149 of, vi, 79 80 Ziir. Giir. Zirih, sea or lake, i, 4 ; ii, ; iv, See 130 Ziiran, NiishirwAn's chamber- 16S the Lake of Sistan, i, iv ; ii, lain, 80 envies Mahbud, vii, 319 Zirih, son of Shah I'iriiz, vii, 170 plots with a Jew against Zodiac, viii, 394 Mahbud, vii, 320 seq. Zoroaster. See Zarduhsht. makes confession to Niishir- Zoroastrian, Zoroastrians, v, 17; w4n. vii, 324 vi, 206, 251, 328

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