HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT THE MERCANTILE HOTEL 25-27 GEORGE STREET, THE ROCKS 2000
SH1090
PREPARED FOR WELSH + MAJOR
URBIS STAFF RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS REPORT WERE: Director Kate Paterson, B Arch, B Arts (Architecture) Consultant Alida Eisermann, B Anc. Hist. Report Number SH1090 01 – Draft issued 3 November 2017 02 – Report issued 19 March 2018 03 – Report issued 4 May 2018
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You must read the important disclaimer appearing within the body of this report. urbis.com.au CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary ...... i 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1. Background ...... 1 1.2. Site Location ...... 1 1.3. Methodology ...... 1 1.4. Author Identification ...... 2 2. Site Description ...... 3 3. Historical Overview ...... 5 3.1. Site History ...... 5 3.2. Development of Building Components ...... 11 4. The Proposal ...... 36 4.1. Proposed Works ...... 36 4.2. Existing Architectural Plans ...... 37 4.3. Proposed Architectural Plans ...... 40 4.4. SCRA Envelope Amendment ...... 52 4.5. View Analysis ...... 53 5. Heritage Listings ...... 60 6. Heritage Significance ...... 64 6.1. What is Heritage Significance? ...... 64 6.2. Statement of Significance: Mercantile Hotel ...... 64 6.3. Statement of Significance: The Rocks ...... 64 7. Impact Assessment ...... 66 7.1. Heritage Office Guidelines ...... 74 8. Conclusion and Recommendations ...... 78 9. Bibliography and References ...... 80 9.1. Bibliography ...... 80 9.2. References ...... 80 Disclaimer ...... 81
FIGURES: Figure 1 – Locality map with subject site indicated by highlight ...... 1 Figure 2 – Aerial map of site, indicated by highlight ...... 4 Figure 3 - Mercantile Hotel viewed from George Street facing south ...... 4 Figure 4 - Plan of land owned by R Campbell in 1847 immediately prior to the 1848 subdivision ...... 5 Figure 5 - Showing the 1848 subdivision effected by the heirs of Robert Campbell. In June 1848, Lots 5 – 8 were disposed of to William Reilly. Some structures were placed in 1872 and the site was used as a coal and wood yard by Levie and Alexander ...... 6 Figure 6 - Plan of the subject site by Percy Dove in 1880, shows it to be occupied by a timber and coal yard 7 Figure 7 - Photograph taken c 1903 shows the subject piece of land in its undeveloped form. William Ives’ stable is seen on the future hotel site, the buildings being of a rustic type. The newly built retaining wall for Gloucester Street is seen behind the buildings. The former terraces of Gloucester Street (now Gloucester Walk) are seen in the background. Note that the general character of the land surface presents as rocky ledges, mud and pools of water ...... 7 Figure 8 - Photograph taken at the turn of the century showing the north face of James Dwyer’s Mercantile Rowing Club Hotel, as indicated by the red arrow. The hotel was situated approximately 200 metres to the north of the present Mercantile Hotel abutting the Harbour View Terraces ...... 8 Figure 9 - Taken from A birds-eye view of Sydney 1879 by Gibbs, Shallard and Coy in the Illustrated Sydney
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
News 2 October 1879. The approximate site of the above hotel is indicated by the red arrow, and the approximate location of the photography by the yellow arrow and the approximate site of the Mercantile Rowing Club by the blue arrow ...... 8 Figure 10 - Circa turn of the century photographic image of the Mercantile Rowing Club at Campbell’s Cove showing the stone warehouses in the background to the left and the upward sweep of the hill towards George Street, as indicated by two trees on the ridge, to the right. This boatshed was dismantled in 1911 and reconstructed in Mosman Bay ...... 9 Figure 11 - Elevation of hotel and shop as planned, 1913. Plan by Spain and Gosh Architects. The plan presents with a more flamboyant aspect in both the detailing and the bayed windows ...... 12 Figure 12 – Original 1913 Ground Floor Plan of the Mercantile Hotel by Spain and Cosh Architects ...... 13 Figure 13 - Original1913 First Floor Plan of the Mercantile Hotel by Spain and Cosh Architects ...... 13 Figure 14 – Original 1913 Second Floor plan ...... 14 Figure 15 – Original 1913 Roof and Cellar plan ...... 14 Figure 16 – View of the southern elevation of the site, note the presence of the Mercantile signage (indicated by outline), c. 1930 ...... 15 Figure 17 - Image of the original 1951 Hellyer plans for alterations and additions to the Mercantile Hotel. In this version the bedroom numbers remain the same. Of particular interest, however is the first floor lounge room with fire place and the fireplace and chimney in the abutting and still separate flat arrangement...... 17 Figure 18 - Plans prepared for 25-27 George Street, Repairs and Awning Cutback, Prepared by Public Works, 21.06.78 Drawing AP1/8 ...... 19 Figure 19 - Plans prepared by Public Works Department for 25-27 George Street, June 1978, Drawing AP1/10 ...... 20 Figure 20 - Photograph taken in the main bar area G02 which reveals, in the ceiling and structural works, the configuration of previous spaces such as the ‘parlour’ and ‘jug department’ with their dividing hallway...... 21 Figure 21 - Photograph taken from the north end of the main bar (G02), again showing in the interior fenestration and the ceiling structure some original room configurations as indicated by the red circle. It also shows, as indicated by the red arrow, the introduced timber wall shelves located at the end of the tiled dado work...... 21 Figure 22 - Photograph taken at the junction of the main bar area (G02 and the Lounge/Bistro area and showing the pressed metal work, some of which includes relatively seamless reproductions introduced circa 1980...... 22 Figure 23 - Composite photographic view in the Main Bar area (G02) which show the use of introduced wall shelving at various previously disrupted junctions around the room. These are partly intended to disguise the previous configurations...... 22 Figure 24 - View from north roof terrace area onto the top on the additions introduced into the rear yard and showing from the top the roofs of (A) the rear cool room at the back of the former shop; (B) the kitchen; (C) the female toilet; and (D) the male toilet ...... 23 Figure 25 - Sample image of doorway to main bar area off George Street showing the etched glass-work, which presents in combinations or original and replicated ...... 24 Figure 26 - The pressed metal ceilings at various reconfigured intersections have generally been well matched, even if perhaps a little over stated in the paintwork, which slightly misses the era of construction of the Hotel (this scheme tends to represent a more Victorian era) ...... 24 Figure 27 - Ground floor plan, 1985, by G E Roth, architect, for K W Semken P L, builders, showing alterations ...... 25 Figure 28 - Layout of bathroom arrangements on the accommodation levels, first and second floor where two bathrooms have been placed sided by side, in place of previously existing bedroom arrangements ...... 25 Figure 29 - The George Street elevation of the hotel showing the three flagpoles which have been in place since 1987 ...... 26 Figure 30 - Showing the doors at the north end of the main bar with fire exit release handles. The etched glass appears to be replicated. This exit sits above the keg entryway to the cellar ...... 26 Figure 31 - Section of the 1985 plans prepared by Bryant, Martin Associates shows the proposed layout for bathrooms on the first and second floors ...... 27 Figure 32 - Showing the archway connection created at the first-floor level to link the main body of the Hotel’s accommodation section to the former residential flat above the former shop. The residence was reconfigured to create extra hotel bedrooms and ensuite bathrooms ...... 28
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
CONTENTS Figure 33 - Ground floor plans prepared by Conybeare Morrison & Partners, architects, showing connection between hotel and former “shop” and proposed layout. The drawings also propose that the whole ground floor arrangement of the former shop area, including the rear yard be turned into larger dining facilities ...... 29 Figure 34 - Sections and elevations of proposed connection between hotel and former “shop” and proposed fit out to the ground floor areas, which proposed new dining facilities ...... 30 Figure 35 - Composite images showing the top and bottom of the square-headed opening and the concrete stairway connecting the Bistro area with the lower bar area. This area was known until recently as the Billiard Room and is sometimes still referred to as the Shell Shop ...... 30 Figure 36 - Composite image of front of the former shop at the George Street (east) side, from inside and outside the building. The configuration of the window and doorway arrangements, including the marble and tiled entrance porch, have been retained over time and form important aspects of the buildings presentation and appreciation ...... 31 Figure 37 - View of the interior of the former shop taken from the entranceway and looking west. It was known until recently as the Billiard Room, and now seems to be a lower bar area adjoining a gaming room 32 Figure 38 - Detailed elevations of joinery for the c. 2000 bar in the former shop. Note that the larger rear of bar area is contained within what was previously an entrance hall to the former shop. The front entrance door to the former shop at the far south of the hotel building while being retained, has now been sealed ..... 34 Figure 39 - Detailed floor plan of the newly introduced bar service area in the former shop clearly showing how it has been integrated into what was the earlier entrance hall arrangement for the former shop ...... 34 Figure 40 - The bar service area in the lower bar of the Mercantile, in what was originally the shop, and in more recent years was known as the Billiard Room. The bar service area has been slotted back into the former entrance hall to these premises, while the original entrance door has been sealed, but maintained in its visible form ...... 35 Figure 41 – Mercantile Hotel – register of drawings ...... 37 Figure 42 – Existing site plan ...... 37 Figure 43 – Existing ground and first floor plan ...... 38 Figure 44 – Existing second floor and roof terrace plan ...... 38 Figure 45 – Existing George Street elevation ...... 39 Figure 46 – Existing Gloucester Walk elevation ...... 39 Figure 47 – Existing north and south elevations ...... 40 Figure 48 – Proposed finishes schedule and location plan ...... 40 Figure 49 – Proposed site plan ...... 41 Figure 50 – Proposed ground floor plan ...... 42 Figure 51 – Proposed first floor plan ...... 42 Figure 52 – Proposed second floor plan...... 43 Figure 53 – Proposed roof terrace plan ...... 43 Figure 54 – Proposed roof plan ...... 44 Figure 55 – Proposed ground floor reflected ceiling plan ...... 44 Figure 56 – Proposed first floor reflected ceiling plan ...... 45 Figure 57 – Proposed second floor reflected ceiling plan ...... 45 Figure 58 – Proposed roof terrace reflected ceiling plan ...... 46 Figure 59 – Proposed section A ...... 46 Figure 60 – Proposed section B ...... 47 Figure 61 – Proposed section C ...... 47 Figure 62 – Proposed section D ...... 48 Figure 63 – Proposed east elevation- George Street ...... 48 Figure 64 – Proposed north elevation ...... 49 Figure 65 – Proposed west elevation – Gloucester Walk ...... 49 Figure 66 – Proposed south elevation ...... 50 Figure 67 – Typical ensuite details ...... 50 Figure 68 – Ground floor amenities – section details ...... 51 Figure 69 – SCRA envelope amendment ...... 52
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 70 – SCRA envelope amendment - axonometric ...... 52 Figure 71 – View from Gloucester Walk south (left existing, right is proposed) ...... 53 Figure 72 – View from Sydney Harbour Bridge north-west (left existing, right is proposed) ...... 54 Figure 73 – View from George Street south (left existing, right is proposed) ...... 55 Figure 74 – View from George Street north (left existing, right is proposed) ...... 56 Figure 75 – View from Sirius building courtyard (left existing, right is proposed) ...... 57 Figure 76 – View from Gloucester Walk north (left existing, right is proposed) ...... 58 Figure 77 – View from Sydney Harbour Bridge north-east (left existing, right is proposed) ...... 59 Figure 78 – SHR Curtilage Map for the Mercantile Hotel ...... 60 Figure 79 – Heritage items in the vicinity of the subject site ...... 61 Figure 80 – Sydney Opera House Buffer Zone Map, approximate location of subject site is indicated by the purple star ...... 62 Figure 81 – Extract of Archaeological Management Plan with the subject site assessed to be ‘mostly disturbed to destroyed’, subject site indicated by red arrow ...... 63 Figure 82 – Levels of significance – Eastern Elevation ...... 93 Figure 83 – Levels of Significance – Western Elevation ...... 93 Figure 84 – Levels of Significance – North Elevation ...... 94 Figure 85 – Levels of Significance – South Elevation ...... 94 Figure 86 – Levels of Significance - Basement ...... 95 Figure 87 – Levels of Significance – Ground Floor ...... 95 Figure 88 – Levels of Significance – First Floor ...... 96 Figure 89 – Levels of Significance – Second Floor ...... 96 Figure 90 – Levels of Significance – Roof Level ...... 97 Figure 91 – Schedule of Significant Elements ...... 99
TABLES: Table 1 – Relevant Conservation Management Plan Policies ...... 66 Table 2 – Heritage Office Guidelines ...... 74
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The subject site is identified as a State listed heritage item under the Heritage Act (SHR01560), is located within the Rocks Conservation Area, and is listed on the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority’s s170 Heritage and Conservation Register. Furthermore, as seen in Figure 79 the site is located in the vicinity of a number of State heritage listed items. Accordingly, any proposed works to the site are required to be assessed to determine their potential impact on the significance of the heritage item, adjoining items and the broader heritage conservation area.
The proposed works as detailed in Section 4 of this report include:
• An extension of the building envelope on ground floor to the western elevation (below Gloucester Walk) to facilitate an updated amenities area;
• Internal modifications on ground, first, and second floors, including o The insertion of ensuite bathrooms to existing accommodation rooms; o Extensive relocation and upgrade to the kitchen on the first floor with new dumb waiters across all levels; o Removal of the recent bar area to the southern extension and modification of the rear to allow better access to the courtyard and appreciation of the Gloucester walk retaining wall;
• Installation of a new lift to the rear externally; and
• Provision of a roof top bar with an enclosed shade and acoustic structure, fire stair and associated amenities. The impact of the proposed works has been assessed in detail in the Impact Assessment included in Section 7 of this report. The proposed works have been assessed herein to have an acceptable degree of impact on the heritage significance of the site. The proposed works would provide for universal access to the site, and update the amenities in line with the expectations of contemporary patrons and guests to facilitate the long term ongoing historic use as a pub and hotel. The proposed works would facilitate this ongoing use through the upgraded back of house and amenities and ensuite bathrooms for accommodation rooms. The provision of a roof terrace bar provides a further utilisation of the existing space and allows public appreciation of exceptional historic views to the surrounding historic precinct which is a fabulous opportunity. The proposed modifications and works to update the site would be supported from a heritage perspective as:
• No modification is proposed on the primary elevation of the subject building;
• All exterior works are proposed on secondary elevations and are minor when visible from the public realm;
• The proposed materials and finishes are discernible as contemporary and of a high standard;
• Proposed works are largely concentrated in areas of low significance;
• The proposed ensuite bathrooms would be pods contained within the existing rooms;
• Restoration and fire compliance upgrade works to the subject building are proposed as part of the proposed works;
• The work is designed by architects Welsh and Major that are highly regarding in the heritage adaptive re- use field and have completed several high-quality projects in the rocks.
RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations have been included to address any potential impact of the proposed works:
• It is recommended that a Photographic Archival Recording (PAR) is undertaken where works are proposed, prior to any works being undertaken at the site;
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i
• An Interpretation Plan should be developed to convey the development and significance of the site to the public and patrons of the site;
• All trades that are engaged to undertake the proposed works should have experience working on heritage buildings;
• Any fabric of significance that is removed (bricks) should be stored safely and securely on site; and
• In order to mitigate against any undue impact to the site, it is a recommendation of this report that an onsite heritage architect is engaged to monitor the proposed works. SEARS HERITAGE The table included below includes the SEARs request for the project. The table has been prepared to provide reference to each element of the SEARs as relating to the submission and the location of the response within this report.
Reference to element request in SEARs and location within this report SEARs Heritage Location in Heritage Impact Statement (HIS)
Prepare a statement of heritage impact (in This Heritage Impact Statement (HIS) satisfies this accordance with the guidelines in the NSW Heritage request. The details of such are included below: Manual) which identifies:
All heritage items (state and local) within and in the • Mapping of all heritage items located in the vicinity vicinity of the site including built heritage, landscapes of the subject site is included in Section 5 and archaeology, and detailed mapping of these (Heritage Listings) of this report. items, and why the items and site(s) are of heritage • Statements of Significance for heritage items significance; located in the vicinity of the site is included in Appendix A (Statements of Significance).
What impact the proposed works will have on their • The impact of the proposed works on the subject significance, including any impacts from the works, site and the impact of the works on views to and and any impacts on views to and from heritage from heritage items located in the vicinity of the items; site has been assessed in Section 7 (Impact Assessment) of this report. The view impact has also been assessed by a View Assessment Consultant, K. I. Studio.
The impacts of the proposal on The Rocks • The impact of the proposed works in The Rocks Conservation Area; Conservation Area has been assessed in Section 7 (Impact Assessment) of this report.
Detailed mitigation measures to offset potential • Proposed mitigation measures to offset potential impacts on heritage values; impact on the heritage value of the subject site have been discussed in Section 7 (Impact Assessment) and summarised in Section 8 (Conclusion and Recommendations) of this report.
Compliance with the policies of any relevant • Compliance with the relevant policies of the Conservation Management Plan, including the Conservation Management Plans prepared for the Mercantile Hotel Management Plan dated 2007 site has been discussed in Section 7 (Impact prepared by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd Assessment) of this report. and the Mercantile Hotel Conservation Management Plan dated 1999 prepared by Jyoti Somerville;
URBIS ii INTRODUCTION SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
SEARs Heritage Location in Heritage Impact Statement (HIS)
Provide details of visual impacts of the proposed • The visual impact of the proposed works has been development on the historic streetscapes of George presented in the renders prepared by Welsh + Street and Gloucester Walk; and Major, these images have been included in this report for reference (Section 4.7). Discussion of the potential impact of the proposed works has been included in Section 7 (Impact Assessment) of this report.
The Statement of Heritage Impact should be • Urbis is a consulting firm with a long and prepared by a suitably qualified heritage consultant. successful record of providing heritage advice. The accreditations of the authors of this report is included in Section 1.4 (Author Identification) of this report.
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND Urbis has been engaged by the property owner on behalf of Welsh + Major to prepare the following Heritage Impact Statement (HIS). The subject site is located at 25-27 George Street, The Rocks. The subject site is identified as a State listed heritage item under the Heritage Act (SHR01560), is located within the Rocks Conservation Area, and is listed on the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority’s s170 Heritage and Conservation Register. This HIS has been undertaken to determine the potential impact of the proposed works on the subject site and the Rocks Conservation Area. 1.2. SITE LOCATION The site is located at 25-27 George Street, The Rocks as shown in Figure 1 below. The subject site is legally defined as Lot 10 DP 258607.
Figure 1 – Locality map with subject site indicated by highlight
Source: Six Maps, 2017
1.3. METHODOLOGY This Heritage Impact Statement has been prepared in accordance with the NSW Heritage Branch guideline ‘Assessing Heritage Significance’ (2001). The philosophy and process adopted is that guided by the Australia ICOMOS Burra Charter 1999 (revised 2013). Site constraints and opportunities have been considered with reference to relevant controls and provisions contained within the City of Sydney Local Environmental Plan (LEP) 2012 and the City of Sydney Development Control Plan (DCP) 2012. The endorsed Conservation Management Plan (CMP) for this site, prepared by Graham Brook and Associates Pty Ltd (July 2007), has also been referenced in the preparation of this HIS.
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS INTRODUCTION 1
1.4. AUTHOR IDENTIFICATION The following report has been prepared by Alida Eisermann (Consultant- Heritage). Kate Paterson (Director- Heritage) has reviewed and endorsed its content. Unless otherwise stated, all drawings, illustrations and photographs are the work of Urbis.
URBIS 2 INTRODUCTION SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
2. SITE DESCRIPTION The following site description has been sourced directly from the Conservation Management Plan (CMP) prepared for the site by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, (2007). The Mercantile Hotel was constructed in 1914 after a design by Spain and Cosh and is an example of Federation Free Style architecture, of which in some ways it is an exemplar. It is of three stories, plus a cellar and rooftop spaces. The latter includes decking and ancillary stairway access rooms and hot water service room. It is constructed of liver colour face brick, timber and iron, exhibiting relatively simple and restrained lines, with a block-like appearance, relieved by awnings and some cornice modelling. While the elevations are essentially simple, it has been widely deemed as having character and architectural merit for its subtle articulation of forms and its massing between two and three stories on a compact site, as well as for its highly competent decorative detailing. Its original drawn specifications show an intention for more elaborate, finely proportioned detailed work and bay windows, which did not eventuate in construction. The main visual components of the presenting detail are the rhythm of the fenestration, the richly coloured, rare Art Nouveau glazed ceramic tile decoration up to the dado at street level, the etched glass in the bar doors and the long impressive awning, which until recent decades was also wider. It is slotted into a tight, irregularly shaped site, which slopes back down George Street, and its various entrances are elegantly stepped down the street and complimented by their white marble treads and risers. The combination header stretcher brickwork bond also lends a subtle suggestion of quality and permanence. At a number of important points, the building features clear strong decorative ironwork, including bracketing above and under the awnings, as well as simple balustrading around the parapets of the flat roof terrace areas (which were originally Malthoid surfaced). There has been some reconfiguration and renewal of original internal fabric and layout over time, particularly in regard to the introduction of services, storage, toilet and bathroom facilities, the kitchen, bistro area and so forth. However, the building retains important components of its basic layout and the various design elements still enable a good reading of the original plan and a number of inclusions which contribute to its role as an exemplar of the particular style, period and architects. These comprise for instance the federation style joinery, pressed metal ceilings, tiles, fenestration, flooring and fittings. Since the building has been in continuous use as a hotel for over 90 years, it has, despite the internal and external additions and reconfigurations, managed to substantially retain its original character, fabric and function. These various attributes enable a good appreciation of its particular style and period of construction, its build and architectural quality, as well as its use over time. Even the collection of permanent, semi-permanent and transient signage arrangements attests to this longstanding and vibrant use. The building is also a well-mannered and notable component of an important historic streetscape. It provides an impressive physical conclusion to George Street with its wedge-shaped north end and awning hugging the landform disjunction and stone-walled excavation line at Gloucester Walk. The landform at this point provides a vivid reminder of the original physical character of both the subject site and of The Rocks as a whole. A pair of large old fig trees, low stone retaining walls and a set of curved steps leading down from the Gloucester Walk to the north forecourt add to the pleasing aspect of this key frontage. At its south end the building incorporates what was originally a self- contained three-storey “shop” and residence (No. 27) which had an attached kitchen and rear courtyard. The whole construction represents a successful and slightly understated twentieth century building, slotted into a nineteenth century maritime and industrial precinct as part of the New Metcalfe Bond/George Street built collection.
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS SITE DESCRIPTION 3
Figure 2 – Aerial map of site, indicated by highlight
Source: Six Maps, 2017
Figure 3 - Mercantile Hotel viewed from George Street facing south
Source: Google Maps, August 2016
URBIS 4 SITE DESCRIPTION SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
3. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 3.1. SITE HISTORY The following history of the site has been summarised from the Conservation Management Plan prepared for the site by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd (2007), for the entire history of the site reference should be made to this document. The Hotel, which was constructed in 1914, came to occupy a triangular piece of land that had remained substantially undeveloped until 1872. It had been used between then and 1914 only for commercial storage and stabling. It was in effect a neutral space situated between thoroughfares on a rocky disjunction of levels. The dramatic stone-walled excavation line along the west boundary still provides a vivid reminder of both the site itself and of The Rocks area as a whole.
Figure 4 - Plan of land owned by R Campbell in 1847 immediately prior to the 1848 subdivision
Source: Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority archives, sourced April 2007
In 1848, two years after the death of Robert Campbell, his heirs subdivided the long triangle-shaped parcel of land (described in previous section 2.1.2) into eight allotments, numbered south to north. The five most northerly allotments, numbers 5 to 8, were sold in 1848 to William Reilly. There was still no capital expenditure to level the site sufficiently to make development possible and this did not happen until 1872 when Levie and Alexander, a firm of coal merchants, found it possible to build a wooden stables within an enclosed yard. Reilly still owned the allotments, and so it is probably he who had the stone outcrop diminished to facilitate better income from the land parcel in a number of smaller scale ventures. For instance, Reilly also leased a portion of the yard in 1875 to Ms Eliza Hore, who sold fruit directly to the public. Levie and Alexander transferred the lease of the coal yard to John Tanner in 1876 who sold both coal and wood from the site, and it was during his tenure that Reilly sold the allotments to Thomas Eady, a leather dealer, in 1877.
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 5
Figure 5 - Showing the 1848 subdivision effected by the heirs of Robert Campbell. In June 1848, Lots 5 – 8 were disposed of to William Reilly. Some structures were placed in 1872 and the site was used as a coal and wood yard by Levie and Alexander
Source: Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, April 2007
In 1879 John Tanner discontinued his lease, but a wood and coal dealership continued on the site under a lease by a vendor named McHugh. Subsequently Thomas Eady used the yard and stables for his own business. In 1885 he replaced William Reilly's wooden stables with one described in rate records as a brick and stone building with an iron roof. By 1891 Eady had leased the premises to Messrs. Kendall and Son whose operations there had seemed to finish by 1896. The site appears to have no documentation between that time through till 1903 when William Ives occupied what appears to be a relatively new stable building in the yard.1 Around 1900 the rough rock face on the west side was straightened and the present stone wall supporting Gloucester Street (now Gloucester Walk) was built. This wall is shown in a photograph of the yard together with a long weatherboard shed at an oblique angle to it and a smaller open shed of vertical planks along it. Both sheds have corrugated iron roofs. Photographic evidence from about 1903, clearly shows that the subject piece of land had remained relatively undeveloped even till that time with rocky surfaces, Billiarding of water and rustic buildings.2 In 1907 the land was compulsorily acquired from the Eady estate under the NSW Government Rocks Resumption Act, and the yard was disused until Gagliardi & Co. re-opened it as a marble yard in 1912. Gagliardi & Co. was a firm of Italian importers, dealing primarily in marble, slate and granite, but also in a general Italian merchandise. They occupied the yard for storing marble until the Mercantile Hotel was built in 1914.3
1 Fox and Associates ‘Atherton Place Precinct’ and ’25-27 George Street’, reports to Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority 1979. For McHugh see Percy Dove’s map of 1880 SCA. HPHP132 2 State Records Office NSW, COD 121 B 1642 3 Sands Sydney, Suburban and Country Commercial for 1912, Sydney 1912
URBIS 6 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 6 - Plan of the subject site by Percy Dove in 1880, shows it to be occupied by a timber and coal yard
Source: Sydney Cove Authority HP 132, sourced from the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority archives
Figure 7 - Photograph taken c 1903 shows the subject piece of land in its undeveloped form. William Ives’ stable is seen on the future hotel site, the buildings being of a rustic type. The newly built retaining wall for Gloucester Street is seen behind the buildings. The former terraces of Gloucester Street (now Gloucester Walk) are seen in the background. Note that the general character of the land surface presents as rocky ledges, mud and pools of water
Source: Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority archives, April 2007
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Figure 8 - Photograph taken at the turn of the century showing the north face of James Dwyer’s Mercantile Rowing Club Hotel, as indicated by the red arrow. The hotel was situated approximately 200 metres to the north of the present Mercantile Hotel abutting the Harbour View Terraces
Source: Royal Australian Historical Society GE48 Mitchell Library Small Picture File and sourced Foreshore Authority archives, April 2007
Figure 9 - Taken from A birds-eye view of Sydney 1879 by Gibbs, Shallard and Coy in the Illustrated Sydney News 2 October 1879. The approximate site of the above hotel is indicated by the red arrow, and the approximate location of the photography by the yellow arrow and the approximate site of the Mercantile Rowing Club by the blue arrow
Source: Ashton P and Waterson, D, Sydney Takes Shape: A History and Mapd. Doak Press, Macquarie University, Sydney 2000, p35
URBIS 8 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
The Mercantile Rowing Club In the late 19th century Sydney Harbour was subject to the increasing phenomenon of pleasure-craft sailing and rowing. The Sydney Rowing Club was established in 1870 with aboat-shed on the eastern arm of Sydney Cove near Bennelong Point. Others quickly followed. In 1874 a less “aristocratic” club was formed by “warehousemen and merchants’ clerks”: this Mercantile Rowing Club built its boat-shed on the northern shore of Campbell's Bay and by 1878 had 150 active members. The social life of the club climaxed annually in a ball, often held in Sydney Town Hall from the 1880s.4
Figure 10 - Circa turn of the century photographic image of the Mercantile Rowing Club at Campbell’s Cove showing the stone warehouses in the background to the left and the upward sweep of the hill towards George Street, as indicated by two trees on the ridge, to the right. This boatshed was dismantled in 1911 and reconstructed in Mosman Bay
Source: Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority Archives
The more everyday social life of the club called for a nearby pub and in 1878 the Mercantile Rowing Club Hotel was established at the George Street end of Gloucester Street,5 a substantial double-storied building at the Harbour end of Harbour View Terraces, some 200 metres to the north of the present Mercantile Hotel. The Mercantile Rowing Club, and the hotel, survived the financial problems of the 1890s and flourished in the first decade of the twentieth century but in July 1910 the Sydney Harbour Trust gave notice to the club to vacate its boatshed site. The club then decided to reform itself in Mosman Bay, and the new Mosman
4 A May, Sydney Rose: A Centennial History of the Sydney Rowing Club, Abbotsford, 1970, 3, pp10-11 and 22 5 Sands Sydney and Suburban Directory for 1877, Sydney 1877, 69
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 9
Rowing Club, retaining the same initials, was formed later in 1910 with possession of the Mercantile's boat- shed which was dismantled early in 1911 and reconstructed in Mosman Bay.6 The Mercantile Hotel under Dwyer, 1914-1918 The close connection of the rowing club with the Mercantile Rowing Club Hotel was severed in 1911 when its boat-shed was removed to Mosman. James Dwyer, who had been licensee of the hotel since 1898, surrendered the license in June 1914. The building was demolished soon afterwards as part of widespread changes in this part of The Rocks. Dwyer moved in June or July 1914 to the newly built Mercantile Hotel. Although the new hotel was originally intended to bear the old name, although it was shown in Sands' directories in 1916 and 1917 as the Mercantile Rowing Club Hotel, although the records of the Sydney Harbour Trust kept the old name on the correspondence index cards until 1929, this is an error.7 The licensing records prove that the official name from the outset left the rowing club behind, just as the earliest photograph (Figure 21), taken between 1914 and 1918 (when Dwyer gave up the license) shows Dwyer's new hotel clearly signed as the Mercantile.8 History of the occupation of the site As stated in the previous sections, the site of the Mercantile Hotel at 25-27 George Street The Rocks had remained relatively undeveloped since white settlement of the area in 1790, except for the placement of some rustic structures and buildings in connection with a number of transitory operations. The reason for this, as previously noted, was the unfavourable topography of a parcel of land that rose steeply to its west side. A stone retaining wall would later be built at that side of the property in order to facilitate any development and this was probably done in conjunction with the breaking up and levelling of the rocky composition of site. It seems that the first operation of any scale to be present on the land parcel, which at that stage still comprised the four lots, was that of Levie and Alexander, a firm of coal merchants who used this large yard after 1872. In 1875 a portion of the same four lots was also leased, to Eliza Hore a fruit seller. Levie and Alexander transferred the lease of the coal yard to John Tanner in 1876 who continued to use it for the same general purpose of coal and wood storage. About this time some wooden stables within an enclosed yard were constructed. Reilly sold the allotments in 1877 and the subsequent property use and residents appear as follows: The next owner of the land parcel was Thomas Eady, a leather dealer, who by 1885 had replaced Reilly's wooden stables with a building described in rate records as ‘brick and stone with an iron roof’. Eady would later come to use the yard and stables for his own business, but for the first two years or so, between 1877 and 1879 he continued the lease arrangement with John Tanner. When John Tanner discontinued the lease in 1879, another timber and coal dealer named McHugh used the yard. A further leasee named Kendall and Son also appears in the records, but that operation had vacated the land by 1896. It seems that the land remained undocumented until 1903-1905 when William Ives occupied a new stable building in the yard. Around 1900 the rough rock face on the west side was straightened and the present stone wall supporting Gloucester Street (now Gloucester Walk) was built. This wall is shown in a photograph of the yard together with a long weatherboard shed at an oblique angle to it and a smaller open shed of vertical planks along it. Both sheds have corrugated iron roofs.9 This is clearly the yard under the tenanted occupancy of William Ives between 1903 and 1905. As pointed out in the earlier section, The State Government took over many powers from Sydney City Council in 1900-1901 after the first case of bubonic plague had been detected in The Rocks.10 In 1907 the land parcel that contained the current site of the Mercantile Hotel was compulsorily acquired from the Eady estate under the NSW Government Rocks Resumption Act. It seems that the land parcel remained disused between 1907 and 1912 until Gagliardi & Co. re-established it mainly as a storage depot for marble, slate and granite, and this company occupied the yard until the Mercantile Hotel was built in 1914.
6 A L May, Sydney Rose: A Centennial History of the Sydney Rowing Club, Abbotsford, 1970, pp. 37, 57, 71 7 Sands Sydney and Suburban Directory for 1916, Sydney 1916; 1917, Sydney,1917:SCA Archives, Sydney Harbour Trust tenants correspondents cards 8 NSW Government Gazette, 1914 iii 5174; 1915, iii 5006; 1916, iii 4965; 1917, iii 4879; 1918, iii 4222; Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, Small Picture File MS 3045, 1914-1918 9 Archives Office of NSW. COD 121 B 1642 10 Kelly M A, Certain Sydney 1900, Paddington 1977 [6]
URBIS 10 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Tooth and Co. Ltd., brewing and tied hotels The building of the Mercantile Hotel in 1914 was part of the expansionism of the major brewing firm, Tooth and Co. Ltd. Tooth's Kent Brewery had been established by a private partnership as far back as 1835; from 1843 it had been owned by two and later three Tooth brothers and in 1888 it became a limited company with the substantial capital of 900,000 pounds. Already the number of breweries was contracting. By 1901, 23 were still operating in the metropolitan area, but the demands imposed by the Beer Excise Act (passed in 1901 by the new Commonwealth government) forced sixteen of these breweries to close within a year. As a result, there was a highly significant concentration of brewing strength in the hands of Tooth, Toohey, Resch and Marshall. Tooth and Co. Ltd. bought the Mittagong Makings in 1905 and doubled its capacity in 1906. The demand for Australian beer, much improved by technological advances in the later nineteenth century, survived the Special Local Option Court's activities in 1907 (when many hotels were forced to close) and a new round of hotel building began around 1910, following the system of tied houses inaugurated by Tooth's in the late Victorian period. To meet demand Tooth's expanded their Kent Brewery in 1909 and built the large Carlton Street Store for bottling their beer in 1912-13. By 1912 the Sydney competition had dwindled to just the triumvirate of Tooth, Toohey and Resch and to maximise sales and profits Tooth and Co. Ltd, in line with the other two, built numerous hotels around the First World War period.11 The Mercantile joined the Observer, Orient, ASN, Fortune of War and Port Jackson hotels in George Street North.12 Spain and Cosh, Architects Tooth's architects, engaged for this period of hotel expansion, were the well-known Sydney firm of Spain and Cosh formed in 1904, becoming Spain, Cosh and Minnett from 1910 to 1912 and Spain, Cosh and Dods from 1913 to 1920. This firm had two significant long-term clients, the Board of Fire Commissioners and Tooth and Co. Ltd. The firm had made a large impression on the Sydney scene in the years before 1914 with major commissions such as Culwulla Chambers in Castlereagh Street, the New Zealand Insurance Building in Pitt Street, the Blashki Building in Hunter Street and Grace Brothers' store in Broadway. The moving spirit of the firm over half a century was Alfred Spain, the Australian-born grandson of a Scottish architect, educated at Sydney Technical College and a practicing architect from 1890 until his death in 1954. At the time of the Mercantile Hotel's erection, Spain's name was still reverberating around Sydney because of the controversy over the height of Culwulla Chambers of 1911, which resulted in the Height of Buildings Act in the following year. This Act restricted new buildings in New South Wales to a height 8 .5 metres lower than Culwulla Chambers, which towered 54 .25 metres. More generally the firm was one publicly acknowledged as ‘rapidly making its mark in coloured architecture’, its significant buildings including St Clement's Anglican Church, Marrickville – This church (being) unique in that it had the first spire with a structural steel frame to be erected in Australia’ - the Trades Hall, Goulburn Street, numerous warehouses (including the Federal Paper Mill, Botany and Parke, Davis & Co. in York Street) and most notably a number of ‘commercial palazzos’ of which Scottish House in Bridge Street was a particularly well-known example. As well as these more outstanding buildings, however, this competent if somewhat conservative commercial firm also carried out numerous smaller projects, including alterations and additions with works to hotels such as the Beauchamp Hotel (cnr. Oxford and South Dowling Streets, Darlinghurst) and the Town Hall Hotel at Newtown and the Mercantile Hotel is a fine representative example of such works. For some time, Spain, himself had also taken a keen interest in the changes in The Rocks and had maintained a particular interest in mitigating the pollution of Sydney Harbour.13 The firm carried out a number of projects within The Rocks including the Accountant's House at 117-119 Harrington Street (c.1914) and the Sailors' Home further south down George Street (at 106-108) in 1926. In 1913, he would become one of the foundation members of the Town Planning Association of New South Wales. 3.2. DEVELOPMENT OF BUILDING COMPONENTS The Mercantile Hotel 1914-1939 In May 1913 Spain and Cosh drew up plans for the new Tooth hotel, the name of which was intended as The Mercantile Rowing Club Hotel. The original proposal shows a compact and essentially simple design in the Federation Free Style which was typical of the firms work, but in this case, it was enlivened with much
11 Over a Century of Brewing Traditions The Story of Tooth and Co Ltd, Australian Encyclopaedia 1983 12 Sands Sydney Suburban and Country Commercial Directory for 1914 13 Spearitt, Spain Alfred ADB, XII,25
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 11
decorative detailing. Robert Brodrick, the architect for Sydney City Council, approved the plans in June 1913.14
Figure 11 - Elevation of hotel and shop as planned, 1913. Plan by Spain and Gosh Architects. The plan presents with a more flamboyant aspect in both the detailing and the bayed windows
Source: Sydney City Council archives, CRS 126, BA 418/13
14 City of Sydney Archives, CRS 126, BA 418/13; API/S28-S31, 32-35. For Broderick, see Fitzgerald, Sydney 1842-1992, Sydney 1992 p305
URBIS 12 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 12 – Original 1913 Ground Floor Plan of the Mercantile Hotel by Spain and Cosh Architects
Source: Sydney City Council archives, CRS 126, BA 418/13
Figure 13 - Original1913 First Floor Plan of the Mercantile Hotel by Spain and Cosh Architects
Source: Sydney City Council archives, CRS 126, BA 418/13
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 13
Figure 14 – Original 1913 Second Floor plan
Source: Sydney City Council archives, CRS 126, BA 418/13
Figure 15 – Original 1913 Roof and Cellar plan
Source: Sydney City Council archives, CRS 126, BA 418/13
URBIS 14 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 16 – View of the southern elevation of the site, note the presence of the Mercantile signage (indicated by outline), c. 1930
Source: State Library of NSW, Sam Hood, South side approaches, Home and Away- 5255
The design as built was a modified version of the original plans. Much of the decorative detailing at the top of the building, the projecting bay windows and the roof over the north deck were deleted. This gave the building a more restrained aspect. The Hotel included the unusual feature of a self-contained “shop” at the south end with a glazed shop-front and separate entrance to the accommodation, which was situated on the first and second floors, as well as having its own laundry and private roof deck. The site had been levelled by 1914 and a cellar was further excavated in the rock at the north end. The remaining yard area to the rear was asphalted.15 The planned lay-out of the ground floor provided for a small public bar at the north end of the present bar (G02, ref. to Section 5.1), with an off-license (‘Jug Department’) in the southeast corner accessed from both the original front ‘Parlor’ and the Main Public Entrance (G01). This ‘Parlor’, to the south of the off-license (now part of the Public Bar area), was one of two parlours, the other being located to the west (in the area now occupied by the stage in the southwest comer of the Public Bar (G02). To the south of the main ‘Passage’ which ran east to west across the building from the ‘Public Entrance’ off George Street was the original ‘Dining Room’ (in the location of the present dining room G03) with a small ‘Private Dining Room’ (now part of the opened up Bistro Bar G06) to the west across the main north-south passage (G04). The kitchen was located in the south-west comer of the main hotel building (and included the eastern section of the present kitchen G07) and had access to an open yard (G02 plus an area since built over) which had a toilet block containing two WCs and a urinal (this being accessed via an enclosed ‘Passage’ from the main east-west hall of the hotel). In the southwest comer of the yard, enclosed by the wall of the ‘Fuel’ store and accessed via a private gate/door, was a staircase that gave access to (what is now) Gloucester Walk, available to both hotel and adjacent “shop”. The upper storeys of the hotel were designed primarily as bedroom space. There were eight on the first floor (with a guests' or private ‘sitting-room’ at the north end), and eight on the second floor.16
15 Noel Butlin Archive Centre, ANU, Tooth & Co files, 19 September 1935 16 City of Sydney Archives, CRS 126, BA 418/13: API/32, 33, Spain and Cosh drawings
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 15
The building was completed in mid 1914 and from the outset it was named the Mercantile Hotel. The first license was granted to James Dwyer in June-July 1914 and Dwyer who had until then been the publican of the nearby Mercantile Rowing Club Hotel, presided over the new premises for the first four years. Dwyer is shown in the rate assessment books as being lessee. While and Tooth's and Co. Ltd is not shown as lessee until 1927,17 there is little doubt that Tooth's controlled the hotel and the adjacent business premises from the beginning. The hotel was given the new number of 25 George Street and the adjacent “shop” (discussed below in 2 .11) was known as number 27 George Street. After James Dwyer surrendered the license in 1918, Margaret O'Reilly became licensee for the next sixteen years. It seems that the current Hibernian flavour of the Hotel was undoubtedly established as a natural part of its identity early in its history. It had a particular resonance with the politics of the local working life of The Rocks and this seemed to become a dominant feature of the Hotel’s life between the two World Wars. Subsequent publicans, including Michael O’Haiher in 1936 and 1937, furthered the identity18 and it is a mark of current tenancy in policy and practice. During the inter-war period, no structural changes to the 1914 building are recorded, although the building of the Harbour Bridge in the 1930s made its location much noisier. The correspondence files of the Sydney Harbour Trust, which are easily accessible from 1927 onwards, and the Tooth and Co. archives at the Australian National University show regular repairs and repainting undertaken by Tooth's inside and outside. A 1934 Report for instance states that the general condition of the premises was ‘far from satisfactory and would require extensive renovation, painting minor repairs and water leakage repairs to the flat roof surfaces’. The Report notes that painting had been carried out three years earlier, i.e. 1930/31, but it required re-doing. It is also to be noted in this Report that the flat areas of roof terrace appear to have caused a waterproofing problem over some decades and currently there is still evidence of water penetration and staining to the walls immediately below. The Correspondence files indicate that particular attention was paid to the George Street awning roof in 1932; in 1935, the yard was excavated and covered with new blue metal asphalt; in 1936 the back gate was repaired; and in 1937 the flat roof was overhauled and a repaired. 19 In 1938, however, Tooth's proposed work of a more substantial nature and forwarded a ‘plan of proposed alterations’. The tender was accepted early in 1939 and there was a directive that ‘work will immediately be commenced’.20 The work proposed was all located on the ground floor and involved the renovation of the saloon bar, public bar, parlour and passageways near the parlour.21 The only work authorised by Sydney City Council at this time, however, was changes to the door and window in the parlour in November 1938, and no plans survive which show the nature and extent of this work.22 The Mercantile Hotel 1940-1970 Tooth and Co. Ltd remained the lessees of the hotel until the New South Wales Trade Practices Commission made tied hotels illegal in 1976.23 In 1951 Tooths commissioned J M Hellyer of York Street Sydney to renovate bathrooms, the bar and kitchen.24 Hellyer set forth various proposals. The ground floor of the hotel was to consist of a public bar on the George Street frontage (the north end only of the present bar G02); a saloon bar occupying the south end of the present George Street bar area; a saloon parlour (the dining room of 1913, G03); and a lounge parlour (now the lounge G06). One proposal included the relocation of dining- room, servery and kitchen to the first floor, allowing for the retaining of only five bedrooms on the that floor where there had been eight. Another plan sets out proposals for the address of the washroom facilities on each of the upper floors, while retaining the same number of bedrooms as in the 1913 plans. It seems that the 1951 Hellyer proposals were not implemented, and in 1953 Smithers, Warren and Lyon acting for the Maritime Services Board, drew up new plans which showed changes to the sanitary arrangements on the upper floors. These plans demonstrate that the upstairs work proposed in 1951 was not carried out and that downstairs, the kitchen, bar counter and other rooms remained in their original
17 City of Sydney Archives, CRS 17, Gipps Ward assessment books, 1907-1928 18 City of Sydney Archives, CRS 17, Gipps Ward assessment books, 1914-1938 19 City of Sydney Archives, Sydney Harbour Trust, tenants’ correspondence cards, 1938 20 City of Sydney Archives, Sydney Harbour Trust, tenants’ correspondence cards, 1938 21 Noel Butlin Archive Centre, Tooth and Co files, 22 July 1939 22 City of Sydney Archives, CRS 126, BA 1006/38 23 Australian Encyclopaedia, 4th ed. Sydney, 1983, II 80 24 Hellyer’s plans for Tooths, 6 March 1951, City of Sydney Archives, API/17, 18
URBIS 16 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
configuration.25 What did change at this time was the bedroom provision on the upper floors. On both first and second floors, the bedroom to the south of the original bathroom on each floor was sacrificed to create a new bathroom and toilet facility. The outside toilets (in E02) were also upgraded in 1953 with new urinals.
Figure 17 - Image of the original 1951 Hellyer plans for alterations and additions to the Mercantile Hotel. In this version the bedroom numbers remain the same. Of particular interest, however is the first floor lounge room with fire place and the fireplace and chimney in the abutting and still separate flat arrangement.
Source: Sydney City archives, APM 8, sourced May 2007
25 City of Sydney Archives, Sydney Harbour Trust, tenants’ correspondence cards, 1938
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The Mercantile Hotel 1970-1998 In the 1960s The Rocks area of Sydney came close to being destroyed by the state government plans for urban renewal. A report by James Wallace Pty Ltd in 1964 as well as the Sir John Overall scheme of 1967 proposed extensive demolition in the precinct and the creation of 27 high tower blocks. This led to the establishment of the Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority (SCRA) with a mandate for massive redevelopment in the East Rocks precinct. The subsequent protests, known as the Green Bans and the People’s Plan movement, led to the to the scrapping of those plans and, as a consequence, the Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority found itself the landlord of much of the area, including such buildings as the Mercantile Hotel.26 From 1970 onwards therefore, the licensees of the Mercantile Hotel had to make applications for any proposed building changes to this new Authority, which had inherited the archives of the Sydney Harbour Trust. Subsequent amendments to the Authority's Act in December 1985 “...clarified the powers of the Authority to grant consents, approvals and authorisations for the purposes of the Act (making it) illegal to carry out works without the consent of the Authority.’ (Letter from SCRA to Mercantile Hotel The Rocks Pty. Ltd., 17 March 1987). In 1993 the SCRA was renamed the Sydney Cove Authority (SCA), and subsequently the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority (SHFA), established by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority Act, 1998 (Act No. 170 1998). Much of the relevant historical data about building alterations are now held in the Foreshore Authority archives, with some being also held by the Sydney City Council as the other major consent authority. The archival documents held by the Foreshore Authority provide an account of the majority (if not all) of the changes carried out to the hotel whilst under the jurisdiction of SCRA and SCA. Earliest among these is a small rough sketch for a new ‘Powder Room/Toilet’ and ‘Storeroom’ in the area of the original ‘Private Dining Room’ (API/S16 dated 14/11/71. This work, however, appears not to have been carried out as a subsequent set of measured drawings (with a somewhat uncompleted, ‘work in progress’ character) prepared by the well known Sydney firm of Bunning and Madden, Architects and Planners prepared in August 1971 shows no changes to this area. Rather, these drawings show the layout of the building largely as in the 1913 plans with the relatively small changes to ground and upper floor (as previously cited). In 1972 drawings which appear to have been done by SCRA show refurbishment works to the original hotel kitchen (the main east section of G07) with extensive new cooking facilities installed along the north wall and refrigeration facilities on the south (including a deep freeze installed in the original fireplace).27 The east frontage of the hotel to George Street was renovated in 1978. These works included cutting back the width of the steel awning, reducing the length of the steel supports and inserting riveted steel angle plates at the ends and shortening (by 250mm) the steel stays fixed back to the wall. The steps and thresholds of marble and terrazzo were specified for replacement on the main entrances (Dl1, D03 and D04) while new lead strips were to be inserted into the treads of D02. The lead strips on D01, which are now missing, were presumably in reasonable condition in 1978. The two present MERCANTILE HOTEL signs on the awning were also painted at this time.28
26 Kelly, Anchored in a Small Cove, pp107-110 27 City of Sydney Archives, API/4 28 City of Sydney Archives, API/8
URBIS 18 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 18 - Plans prepared for 25-27 George Street, Repairs and Awning Cutback, Prepared by Public Works, 21.06.78 Drawing AP1/8
Source: Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority Archives, sourced May 2007
A set of measured drawings dating from 1978 (prepared by the Public Works Department) also show that at this time there was no longer a dedicated dining-room in the hotel, the original dining room (G03) came to be used as a second lounge. The south-east end of the bar counter facing George Street within the public bar (G02) had also been changed by this time to its present configuration. The bar counter did not continue around the southwest comer (as it does today) as this area was still being used as a general lounge.29 In 1981 SCRA prepared a ‘Record drawing of sewer and stormwater separation’ for both 25 and 27 George Street (API/AB/14) and in 1982 drawings documenting ‘Proposed repairs to roof decks’ which specified that the ‘existing bituminous felt roofing and surface gravel’ was to be removed and replaced with ‘new as specified’.30 In 1984 a group of four, including the present licensee Terry O'Neill, took over the management of the Mercantile Hotel under the ownership of the Sydney Cove Redevelopment Authority. O'Neill made a number of significant changes to both the, ground and upper floors of the building between 1984 and the early 1990s, most (but not all) of these changes being recorded in documents held in the archives of Sydney City Council and/or the Sydney Cove Authority.
29 City of Sydney Archives, API/10 30 City of Sydney Archives, API/15
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 19
Figure 19 - Plans prepared by Public Works Department for 25-27 George Street, June 1978, Drawing AP1/10
Source: Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority archives, sourced May 2007 The earliest sighted application from this period (prepared by John Sparks and Associates, Architects, and approved by SCRA on 20 June 1984) was for “alterations to ground floor bar and lounge areas incorporating courtyard, new kitchen and toilets”. This work, however, appears not to have been carried out as an application by K. W. Semken Pty Ltd (this time prepared by G E Roth, Architect) approved by SCRA in June 1985 shows essentially similar works to the ground floor bar and lounge areas and extensions to the kitchen and lavatory areas into the original rear yard. Both sets of plans show that considerable work, including removal of original walls and the stair in the bar, had already been carried out, together with alterations and additions to the timber panelled bar counter itself. Putting together an account of the 1984-85 works from the surviving documentation and verbal advice given by Mr O'Neill a number of significant changes can be explained and dated.31 Firstly, the 1984-85 drawings show that the walls to the original store room (located on the west wall), the parlour (in the southwest comer), the Bottle shop / ‘Jug Department’ (in the south-east corner) and stair (near the original store room), all located within the present Public Bar (G02) had all been demolished, though the original timber-framed and glazed highlights along the top of the original parlour and Jug Department walls had been retained (and remain so today, see Figure 43).
31 City of Sydney Archives, CRS 126 Building Applications 45/84/0973; 45/85/1759, with plans 1759/1/85 and 2398/1/85; information from Terry O’Neil, 30 October 1998
URBIS 20 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 20 - Photograph taken in the main bar area G02 which reveals, in the ceiling and structural works, the configuration of previous spaces such as the ‘parlour’ and ‘jug department’ with their dividing hallway.
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
Figure 21 - Photograph taken from the north end of the main bar (G02), again showing in the interior fenestration and the ceiling structure some original room configurations as indicated by the red circle. It also shows, as indicated by the red arrow, the introduced timber wall shelves located at the end of the tiled dado work.
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 21
Figure 22 - Photograph taken at the junction of the main bar area (G02 and the Lounge/Bistro area and showing the pressed metal work, some of which includes relatively seamless reproductions introduced circa 1980.
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
Figure 23 - Composite photographic view in the Main Bar area (G02) which show the use of introduced wall shelving at various previously disrupted junctions around the room. These are partly intended to disguise the previous configurations.
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS 22 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Next, the timber-panelled bar was pulled back from the north and west walls, rearranged in its present extended configuration - with the original entry hatch retained on the east side – and supplemented with new sections matching the panelled detail of the original but using veneered softwood. Matching panelled wall- shelf units were also installed on the south and west walls, the section on the west wall covering the bare plastered wall exposed by demolition of the former store room where it abutted the tiled dado on the original north end of the wall. The pressed metal ceilings in the bar were also ‘tidied up’ with sections rearranged and patched, generally using existing fabric (in some areas) to suit the new layout. Changes to the adjacent southwest section of the hotel were generally as documented in the 1985 plans though not all the works were carried out as shown. The major changes included demolition of the original private dining room and adjacent pantry/scullery (in the north-west comer of the present Bistro area G06) and the extension of the kitchen into the rear yard, including demolition of the original chimney. New male and female toilets were also constructed necessitating the almost complete removal of the original outhouse building and further infilling of the original rear yard.
Figure 24 - View from north roof terrace area onto the top on the additions introduced into the rear yard and showing from the top the roofs of (A) the rear cool room at the back of the former shop; (B) the kitchen; (C) the female toilet; and (D) the male toilet
A
B
C
D
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
Associated with this work was the removal of the original doors and windows in the west wall of the present lounge (G06), the provision of a new (reproduction) pressed metal ceiling to this area and the insertion of a new arched opening in the east wall of the lounge (to match the existing original archway).
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 23
This major reconfiguration works also entailed a general refurbishment of the main ground floor spaces including repainting, installation of new carpet, upgrading of lighting, sound and fire protection systems and replacement of broken glass in doors and windows as required to match the original detail (including reinstatement and reproductions of the original decorative etched and painted glazing in the main bar doors).
Figure 25 - Sample image of doorway to main bar area off George Street showing the etched glass-work, which presents in combinations or original and replicated
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
Figure 26 - The pressed metal ceilings at various reconfigured intersections have generally been well matched, even if perhaps a little over stated in the paintwork, which slightly misses the era of construction of the Hotel (this scheme tends to represent a more Victorian era)
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS 24 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 27 - Ground floor plan, 1985, by G E Roth, architect, for K W Semken P L, builders, showing alterations
Source: Sydney City Council archives, CR 126, plan 2398/1/85
Figure 28 - Layout of bathroom arrangements on the accommodation levels, first and second floor where two bathrooms have been placed sided by side, in place of previously existing bedroom arrangements
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 25
Figure 29 - The George Street elevation of the hotel showing the three flagpoles which have been in place since 1987
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
A set of architectural drawings, also dated as 1985, was prepared by Bryant, Martin Associates Pty Ltd (Figure 54). These show the proposed layout for bathroom facilities on the first and second floors (Rooms 1.11-1.14 & 2.11-2.14). These plans show that the two bathrooms on each level in this location were each divided into two to give four rooms (on each level) with shower, basin and WC (Figure 51). In March 1987 approval was given by SCRA (ref. 87/OC/12) for the erection of three flagpoles (rather than the eight applied for) on the George Street elevation of the hotel (above the awning), these fixtures remaining to the present day (Figure 52).
Figure 30 - Showing the doors at the north end of the main bar with fire exit release handles. The etched glass appears to be replicated. This exit sits above the keg entryway to the cellar
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS 26 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Another letter to the building owners around this time, however, concerned the lack of approval for the ‘two metal sheds, now observed to be located on the roof’. Later in the same year approval was given for the installation of ‘fire exits at the George Street frontage and northern end’ of the hotel and it is from this period that the new pair of exit doors on the north wall of the bar, matching the detail of existing doors (and fitted with emergency release bars), most probably date (ref. 87/DA/81, Figure 53).
Figure 31 - Section of the 1985 plans prepared by Bryant, Martin Associates shows the proposed layout for bathrooms on the first and second floors
Source: Sydney City Council archives, CR 126, plan 1759/1/85
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 27
In 1988 an application to lay new vinyl floor coverings was approved but it was noted again that works had commenced without approval and that various conditions had still to be met regarding the choice of new materials and showing the extent of the work on appropriate drawings (ref. 88/DA/44). In 1989 an application was lodged to ‘fix new ceramic tile or supergrass roof' on the second-floor balcony (this suggests that the 1982 repairs had either not proceeded, or not included this area, or failed). In their approval of the works SCRA required, amongst other conditions, that the ‘existing decking surface and membrane (be) removed, the supporting structure (be) inspected by an officer of the Authority to determine their (sic) condition (and) the replacement membrane (be) approved by the Authority’ - having questioned the ‘benefit’ of both ceramic tiles and ‘supergrass’ to keep water out of the building (SCRA letter of 19.1 .89 re. 89/DA/01). In 1989 approval was also given ‘to make alterations to existing (first and second floor) bathrooms at 25 George Street’ (89/DA/03) though the plans that accompanied this application are unable to be located in the SCA or Council archives. About the end of 1989 and into 1990, according to the current licensee, extensive refurbishment works were undertaken throughout the upper floor areas. No record of drawings or applications for this work however have been found in the archives of Sydney City Council, Sydney Cove Authority or on-site at the Mercantile Hotel. These works included the cutting of a new archway between the hotel and former “shop” at the first floor landing of the main stair (SO1), providing new ensuite bathrooms to the eastern rooms of the former “shop” (now bedrooms 15 and 18) by demolishing and reconfiguring the original room layouts and providing ensuite bathrooms to the western rooms of the former “shop” (now bedrooms 16 and 17) by linking them to new bathrooms remodelled from the original pantry and kitchen (at first floor level) and the original bathroom at second floor level.
Figure 32 - Showing the archway connection created at the first-floor level to link the main body of the Hotel’s accommodation section to the former residential flat above the former shop. The residence was reconfigured to create extra hotel bedrooms and ensuite bathrooms
Source: Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority archives, photographic recording 2005/06
URBIS 28 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Associated with these works was the general upgrading of the remaining upstairs bedrooms with new decoration, carpeting, renovation of surviving original fireplaces and provision of new lighting and fire protection services. In 1991 the original laundry to the former shop was refurbished as a storeroom, its door to the adjacent stairwell removed and bricked up and new French-doors provided in the east wall onto the roof deck.32 The most recently completed alterations to the building date to 1993 and are generally set out in drawings prepared by Conybeare Morrison and Associates, Architects.33 These works included the provision of a large, square-headed opening in the original dividing wall between the hotel and former shop and new concrete steps to provide access between the two areas (currently the Bistro-Lounge (G06) and billiard room (now the lower Bar area, G10). New paintwork, carpet, lighting and furnishings were specified for this former “shop” area, which was to be turned into a new restaurant area. It was planned to convert the former kitchen (now a Gaming Room) and rear yard into extended eating areas but this was not carried out as recorded in the documentation.
Figure 33 - Ground floor plans prepared by Conybeare Morrison & Partners, architects, showing connection between hotel and former “shop” and proposed layout. The drawings also propose that the whole ground floor arrangement of the former shop area, including the rear yard be turned into larger dining facilities
Source: Sydney City Council archives, CRS 126, application 93/126/DA, 1993
32 City of Sydney Archives, CRS 126 Building Applications 45/84/0973; 45/85/1759, with plans 1759/1/85 and 2398/1/85; information from Terry O’Neill, 30 October 1998 33 City of Sydney Archives, Development Application 93/126/DA
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 29
Figure 34 - Sections and elevations of proposed connection between hotel and former “shop” and proposed fit out to the ground floor areas, which proposed new dining facilities
Source: Sydney City Council archives, CRS 126, application 93/126/DA, 1993
Figure 35 - Composite images showing the top and bottom of the square-headed opening and the concrete stairway connecting the Bistro area with the lower bar area. This area was known until recently as the Billiard Room and is sometimes still referred to as the Shell Shop
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS 30 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
More minor works were carried out in March 1996 when external cabling and antenna for the cable television service was installed (ref. 96/80C). Of many later DAs, the most significant was the 1997 DA lodged by Brian McDonald and Associates for alterations to the original kitchen of the former “shop” and the construction of a coolroom and bar area in the adjacent former open yard (F03). This DA (97/12/DA) provided for the removal of the windows and door from the west wall of the former “shop” kitchen, construction of a new serving bench and bar facilities within the new opening, the construction of new cool room occupying the major part of the rear yard (up against the rear stone wall) and the conversion of the original external WC to a storeroom. A new door into the coolroom was to be provided in the brick wall between Nos. 25 & 27 and a new door inserted into the former window opening at the south end of the west wall. Approval for these works was given by the Authority on 22 September 1997 but by the end of September 1998 this had lapsed; the Authority then “advised the tenant that, as the works are in line with the Draft CMP,” (though this was not submitted until November 1998), “approval will be considered to undertake this work” though a formal DA was still required.34 Subsequent discussions with the architects (on submission of the Draft CMP to SCA in November 1998) indicated that the approved works were being reappraised and a new proposal for an alternative bar area within the former “shop” was being considered.35 The Shop The southern end of the Mercantile Hotel building, separately numbered 27 George Street, was conceived from the outset as separate business premises, with living accommodation above.
Figure 36 - Composite image of front of the former shop at the George Street (east) side, from inside and outside the building. The configuration of the window and doorway arrangements, including the marble and tiled entrance porch, have been retained over time and form important aspects of the buildings presentation and appreciation
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
In the 1913 plans, the ground floor of No. 27 consisted of a “shop” with the present wide glazed shopfront with a recessed porch and entry door to the north. Behind was a kitchen with scullery and pantry, all of which retain their basic configuration but have lost the original fitout. Along the south side of the shop ran a narrow passageway leading to a private staircase, so that the accommodation on the upper levels of 27 George Street was divorced both from the hotel and from the “shop”, although it seems always to have been leased in conjunction with the “shop”. The 1913 plans show on the first floor level two bedrooms, a dining-room and kitchen, on the second floor three more bedrooms and a bathroom on the west side, while on the flat roof above there was a separate laundry.
34 City of Sydney Archives, Application 9712DA (22/9/98); letter from J Sommerville, 28 September 1998 35 ref. meeting at SCA, 23/12/98
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 31
Figure 37 - View of the interior of the former shop taken from the entranceway and looking west. It was known until recently as the Billiard Room, and now seems to be a lower bar area adjoining a gaming room
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
There was no direct access to No.27 at the upper levels from the hotel and the ground floor “shop” had no direct access to the rooms above, but rather an entrance hall and stairway. The only connecting link with the hotel was through a gate between the two backyards.36 Although the ground floor space was designated as a “shop” in the original plans, it was initially leased as refreshment rooms, run in 1916 and 1918 (according to Sands' directory) by L. Deacon (though the rate assessment books show William Gregory as tenant from 1917 until 1919).37 In 1920 it became a confectioner's, and was run until 1928 by Badoui Khowley (or variations of that name).38 In 1929 and 1930 No. 27 reverted to being a cafe, under Mrs Kate Flemming, but the cafe failed and the premises were untenanted from 1931 until 1936, when Madge O'Sullivan rented them for three years.39 After another gap in known tenancies from 1939 right through the war until 1948, Joseph Veigel ran an unspecified business for little more than a year.40 Thereafter the valuation lists for Gipps Ward do not list sub-lessees. By 1961 the premises housed a mixed business run by Messrs Gillett and Brightman who, in May 1962, were replaced by Steven John Chambers.41 Tooth and Co. changed the use of the shop from the sale of sandwiches and small goods into a cafe again, presumably still under Chambers. 42 Later in 1962 the gate opening (which gave access between No. 25 and the staircase to Gloucester Walk from the rear yard of No. 27) was bricked up (possibly following removal of the stairs) though the three concrete steps up from the yard of No. 25 were retained.43 The reason for this are not known, but it may have been associated with the negotiations with the new tenant for the shop, Marine Specimens Pty Ltd. This company opened ‘The Shell Shop’ in 1963 and continued in occupation for thirty years. Mr Lance
36 City of Sydney Archives, CRS 126/BA418/13; API/528-531 37 Sands Sydney Suburban and Country Commercial Directory for 1916, Sydney 1916; …for 1918, Sydney 1918; City of Sydney Archives, CRS 17, Gipps Ward assessment books, 1914-1919 38 Sands Directories, 1920-1928; City of Sydney Archives, CRS 17, 1920-1928 39 Sands Directories, 1929; 1930; City of Sydney Archives, CRS 17, 1930-1938 40 City of Sydney Archives, CRS 17, 1948-1949 41 City of Sydney Archives, Sydney harbour Trust, tenants’ correspondence cards, 1961-1962 42 Noel Butlin Archives, ANU, Tooths papers, 6 June 1962 43 Noel Butlin Archives, ANU, Tooths papers, 6 December 1962
URBIS 32 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Moore, who ran the shop, seems also to have lived upstairs, these floors being referred to for the first time as “No. 27a”. It is interesting to note that that area of the premises is still referred to as “the shell shop”, even by younger members of staff, and this suggests a want of an appropriate name and delineation of the space. In 1968 Mr Moore allowed The Malacological Society of Australia, dedicated to the study of molluscs and their shells, to transform the first floor rooms into a library and reading area for members. This was in breach of the Local Government Act but the City Council raised no objection to an interim Development Application that was then approved by the State Planning Authority in April 1969. It is not known how long the Malacological Society continued use the first floor or whether Mr Moore then occupied the second floor.44 After a twenty-five year occupation the Shell Shop surrendered its tenancy around 1989 and No. 27 was incorporated into the lease of the Mercantile Hotel. In 1989-90 significant changes were made to the upper floor rooms of the former “shop” rooms (15, 16, 17 and 18), which were refurbished to provide additional bedrooms for the hotel. In the rooms currently numbered 15 and 18, original walls were removed between a pair of smaller rooms and new stud walls erected to provide a large bedroom with ensuite bathroom. At first floor level a new corridor provided a link to the hotel via a new archway in the party wall, again enclosed with new stud-framed walls. In the rooms now numbered 16 and 17, new openings were provided in the west walls to provide access, via small linking-rooms, to new ensuite bathrooms which were built by rearranging and providing new fit outs in the former kitchen and bathroom facilities.45 The laundry opening onto the roof-deck had been used as yet another bedroom in 1978 but had reverted to its original function by the 1990s. In 1991 alterations were carried out which blocked off its access to the internal stair and provided new doors out onto the deck. In 1993 it was planned to re-open the gate between the rear yards of the hotel and former “shop”, but this work was not implemented.46 The original business area on the ground floor was finally connected to the hotel in 1993 by providing a large opening in the dividing wall and a series of steps (S03) to accommodate the difference in floor levels.47 The main shop area itself was generally left in its original configuration (with glazed shopfront, entry door and pressed metal ceilings preserved) and fitted out with a pair of Billiard tables and several smaller tables and chairs for use by hotel patrons, which now seem to have gone. The former kitchen at the rear was left largely in its original configuration. It had been proposed that it be fitted out with seating for hotel patrons but this work was not completed and the space reverted to a general storage area, which has since become a gaming room. The rear yard was also retained in its original configuration with the original outside lavatory and closed off doorway in the boundary wall to No. 27 but fitted out with a carport-type structure to protect stored furniture.
44 Noel Butlin Archives, ANU, Tooths papers, 1968-1969 45 Information from Terry O’Neill, 30 October 1998 46 City of Sydney, API/11 47 City of Sydney, Development Application, 93/126/DA
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 33
Figure 38 - Detailed elevations of joinery for the c. 2000 bar in the former shop. Note that the larger rear of bar area is contained within what was previously an entrance hall to the former shop. The front entrance door to the former shop at the far south of the hotel building while being retained, has now been sealed
Source: Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority archives, plans: 1999 Brian McDonald & Associates
Figure 39 - Detailed floor plan of the newly introduced bar service area in the former shop clearly showing how it has been integrated into what was the earlier entrance hall arrangement for the former shop
Source: Sydney Foreshore Authority archives, plans 1999 Brian McDonald & Associates
URBIS 34 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 40 - The bar service area in the lower bar of the Mercantile, in what was originally the shop, and in more recent years was known as the Billiard Room. The bar service area has been slotted back into the former entrance hall to these premises, while the original entrance door has been sealed, but maintained in its visible form
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 35
4. THE PROPOSAL 4.1. DESIGN STATEMENT The following is an extract from the Architectural Design Statement prepared by Welsh + Major, dated April 2018. Welsh + Major Architects were commissioned by the long-term lessee, HBMS Pty Ltd, in late 2014 to design the refurbishment, restoration and adaption of the hotel. The hotel has a long tradition as an “Irish pub” with live music, however the “sports bar” (created in the old shop in the 1980’s) is less successful and a large area is also devoted to poker machines. The service of food has also become an increasingly important part of hotel operations with a high demand for table seating including the outdoor seating area. Lunchtime and evening food service have seen particular growth, serving both the local working population and visitors. The current kitchen and back of house arrangements are extremely undersized and struggle to provide the quantity and quality of service that patrons demand. On the upper floors, the guest accommodation rooms, there is a strong continuing trend for guests seeking private ensuite rooms rather than shared bathrooms. The main objective for the proposal was to refurbish the existing hotel to enhance its traditional pub character while sensitively adapting and adding elements to provide enhanced facilities for food and beverage patrons and accommodation guests, all to facilitate the viable future operations of the hotel. Key design criteria included; maintaining ground floor public bar and restaurant/bistro areas; provide additional outdoor dining areas; upgrade the hotel accommodation to provide private ensuite rooms to facilitate a vital ongoing use of the hotel; and to expand the hotel operations to the disused rooftop, providing a new open-air rooftop terrace bar. The brief later expanded to include an enclosed rooftop structure for the bar and restaurant, providing the provision of permanent weather protection for patrons and to provide acoustic separation to the surrounding buildings and public domain. The Mercantile Hotel refurbishment is conceived to maintain and enhance the original uses and spaces of the hotel while updating and expanding facilities in order to ensure the ongoing use and commercial viability of the hotel. The proposed program is a direct response to the changing needs and expectations of the users of the hotel. 4.2. PROPOSED WORKS It is understood that the alterations and additions proposed would involve:
• An extension of the building envelope on ground floor to the western elevation (below Gloucester Walk) to facilitate an updated amenities area;
• Internal modifications on ground, first, and second floors, including o The insertion of ensuite bathrooms to existing accommodation rooms; o Extensive relocation and upgrade to the kitchen on the first floor with new dumb waiters across all levels; o Removal of the recent bar area to the southern extension and modification of the rear to allow better access to the courtyard and appreciation of the Gloucester walk retaining wall;
• Installation of a new lift to the rear externally; and
• Provision of a roof top bar with shade and acoustic structure, fire stair and associated amenities to the existing flat roof.
URBIS 36 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
4.3. DOCUMENT REGISTER We have been provided with the following plans by Welsh + Major. This Heritage Impact Statement (HIS) has relied on these plans for the impact assessment included in Section 7 of this report. A selection of the provided plans have been included in this report for reference.
Figure 41 – Mercantile Hotel – register of drawings
Source: Welsh + Major 4.4. EXISTING ARCHITECTURAL PLANS Figure 42 – Existing site plan
Source: Welsh + Major, EX.101, Existing Site Plan, November 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 37
Figure 43 – Existing ground and first floor plan
Source: Welsh + Major, EX.102, Existing ground and first plan, November 2017
Figure 44 – Existing second floor and roof terrace plan
Source: Welsh + Major, EX.103, Existing second floor and roof terrace plan, November 2017
URBIS 38 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 45 – Existing George Street elevation
Source: Welsh + Major, EX.104, Existing George Street elevation, November 2017
Figure 46 – Existing Gloucester Walk elevation
Source: Welsh + Major, EX.105, Existing Gloucester Walk elevation, November 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 39
Figure 47 – Existing north and south elevations
Source: Welsh + Major, EX.106, Existing north and south elevation, November 2017 4.5. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURAL PLANS Figure 48 – Proposed finishes schedule and location plan
Source: Welsh + Major, Proposed finishes, April 2018
URBIS 40 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 49 – Locality context plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.100, Locality Context Plan, December 2017
Figure 50 – Proposed site plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.101, Proposed Site Plan, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 41
Figure 51 – Proposed ground floor plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.102, Proposed Ground Floor Plan, December 2017
Figure 52 – Proposed first floor plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.103, Proposed First Floor Plan, December 2017
URBIS 42 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 53 – Proposed second floor plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.104, Proposed Second Floor Plan, December 2017
Figure 54 – Proposed roof terrace plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.105, Proposed Roof Terrace Plan, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 43
Figure 55 – Proposed roof plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.106, Proposed Roof Plan, December 2017
Figure 56 – Proposed ground floor reflected ceiling plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.107, Proposed Ground Floor RCP, December 2017
URBIS 44 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 57 – Proposed first floor reflected ceiling plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.108, Proposed first floor RCP, December 2017
Figure 58 – Proposed second floor reflected ceiling plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.109, Proposed second floor RCP, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 45
Figure 59 – Proposed roof terrace reflected ceiling plan
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.110, Proposed roof terrace RCP, December 2017
Figure 60 – Proposed section A
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.201, Proposed section A, December 2017
URBIS 46 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 61 – Proposed section B
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.202, Proposed section B, December 2017
Figure 62 – Proposed section C
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.203, Proposed section C, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 47
Figure 63 – Proposed section D
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.204, Proposed section D, December 2017
Figure 64 – Proposed east elevation- George Street
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.301, Proposed east elevation- George Street, December 2017
URBIS 48 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 65 – Proposed north elevation
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.302, Proposed north elevation, December 2017
Figure 66 – Proposed west elevation – Gloucester Walk
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA 303, Proposed west elevation – Gloucester Walk, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 49
Figure 67 – Proposed south elevation
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.304, Proposed south elevation, December 2017
Figure 68 – Typical ensuite details
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.401, Typical ensuite details, December 2017
URBIS 50 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 69 – Ground floor amenities – section details
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.402, Ground floor amenities section details, December 2017 4.6. SCRA ENVELOPE AMENDMENT Figure 70 – SCRA envelope amendment
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.403, SCRA envelope amendment, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 51
Figure 71 – SCRA envelope amendment - axonometric
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.404, SCRA envelope amendment - axonometric, December 2017
URBIS 52 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
4.7. VIEW ANALYSIS Figure 72 – View from Gloucester Walk south (left existing, right is proposed)
Steel framed roof structure and glazing of proposed rooftop bar. Note the recessive qualities of the addition.
Proposed lift that is sympathetic to the established qualities of the site
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.410, View from Gloucester Walk south, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 53
Figure 73 – View from Sydney Harbour Bridge north-west (left existing, right is proposed) The roof structures angular form has been designed to provide transparency and maximise views to and from the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.411, View from Sydney Harbour Bridge north-west, December 2017
URBIS 54 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Steel framed roof structure Figure 74 – View from George Street south (left existing, right is proposed) and glazing of proposed rooftop bar. Note the recessive qualities of the addition.
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.412, View from George Street south, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 55
Figure 75 – View from George Street north (left existing, right is proposed) Steel framed roof structure and glazing of proposed rooftop bar. Note the recessive qualities of the addition and minimal visibility.
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.413, View from George Street north, December 2017
URBIS 56 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 76 – View from Sirius building courtyard (left existing, right is proposed) Steel framed roof structure and glazing of proposed rooftop bar. Note the recessive qualities of the addition.
Proposed lift that is sympathetic to the established qualities of the site
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.414, View from George Street north, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 57
Proposed lift that is sympathetic to the established qualities of the Figure 77 – View from Gloucester Walk north (left existing, right is proposed) Steel framed roof structure site, the original brick work and glazing of proposed and detailing would be rooftop bar. Note the visible through the glazed recessive qualities of the lift structure. addition.
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.415, View from George Street north, December 2017
URBIS 58 THE PROPOSAL SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 78 – View from Sydney Harbour Bridge north-east (left existing, right is proposed) Proposed lift that is sympathetic to the established qualities of the site
Steel framed roof structure and glazing of proposed rooftop bar. Note the set back of the structure from the George Street elevation.
Source: Welsh + Major, SSDA.416, View from George Street north-east, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS THE PROPOSAL 59
5. HERITAGE LISTINGS The subject site is a state listed heritage item on the State Heritage Register (SHR) (Listing No. 01560). Additionally, the site is located within the Rocks Conservation Area as listed on the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority’s (SHFA) (now Government Property of NSW [GPNSW]) s170 Heritage and Conservation Register.
Figure 79 – SHR Curtilage Map for the Mercantile Hotel
Source: NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Heritage Inventory
URBIS 60 HERITAGE LISTINGS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 80 – Heritage items in the vicinity of the subject site
Source: Six Maps and Urbis, 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HERITAGE LISTINGS 61
Figure 81 – Sydney Opera House Buffer Zone Map, approximate location of subject site is indicated by the purple star
Source: Sydney Regional Environmental Plan (Sydney Harbour Catchment) 2005 and Sydney Opera House Buffer Zone Map (Amendment 2016)
URBIS 62 HERITAGE LISTINGS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 82 – Extract of Archaeological Management Plan with the subject site assessed to be ‘mostly disturbed to destroyed’, subject site indicated by red arrow
Source: Higginbotham, The Rocks and Millers Point Archaeological Management Plan in: Casey and Lowe, Mercantile Hotel, December 2017
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS HERITAGE LISTINGS 63
6. HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE 6.1. WHAT IS HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE? Before making decisions to change a heritage item, an item within a heritage conservation area, or an item located in proximity to a heritage listed item, it is important to understand its values and the values of its context. This leads to decisions that will retain these values in the future. Statements of heritage significance summarise a place’s heritage values – why it is important, why a statutory listing was made to protect these values. 6.2. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: MERCANTILE HOTEL The following Statement of Significance is available in the Conservation Management Plan prepared for the site by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, dated July 2007: The Mercantile Hotel and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and aesthetic cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. The Mercantile Hotel has local historical significance as one of the more intact survivors of late-19th and early-20th century The Rocks Pubs, having operated continuously since its opening in 1914 and retaining much of its original character, fabric and functions. It is the first major building to occupy this site, with its dramatic stone-walled excavation line along the west boundary providing a vivid reminder of the original physical character of both site and The Rocks as a whole. The Hotel has associations with the early maritime and mercantile activity in The Rocks through its location close to key early wharves and warehouses, its provision of public house services to local workers and their families and its origins as replacement for the original Mercantile Rowing Club Hotel following that building's demolition in 1914. The Hotel is an example of the early 20th century work of the once leading Sydney architectural practice of Spain and Cosh, providing a typical and relatively intact example of the work of this respected if conservative firm, and their public hotel work in particular. It also has associations with Tooth & Co. Ltd, one of NSW's important early brewing companies, and more generally with the practice of tied hotels under which the licensee operated until 1976. It is also a component of an important historic streetscape, particularly notable in views from the north towards its exposed wedge-shaped end. The Hotel's fabric retains the potential to provide information on the operation, layout, facilities and fitout of early 20th century public hotels. Its structure and finishes provide information on early 20th century building techniques, including the use of steel framing, finishes and detailing of flat roofs. The Mercantile Hotel adds to the historic, aesthetic and social richness of The Rocks Conservation Area which is of both local and national heritage significance. Its location, character and continuity of service make it recognisable in the local area. 6.3. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: THE ROCKS The following Statement of Significance is available in The Rocks Heritage Management Plan, prepared for the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority, dated April 2010.
• The Rocks, with its complex layering of significant fabric, uses and associations, is a precinct of national cultural significance.
• The Rocks is valued as a place of major social history, reflecting more than two centuries of significant activity; including European invasion, early contact between Aboriginal people and European settlers, and colonial settlement.
• The drama of cross-cultural encounters reflects The Rocks’ focal location as a place linking continental, colonial, city and maritime histories.
• The Rocks was saved through fierce battles for its conservation, and by government ownership.
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• Despite ongoing incremental change in The Rocks, continuity and authenticity remain major themes, manifest in increasingly rare and fragile relics of original topography and built fabric, remnants of history and a living community. The Rocks is a major element of Sydney Harbour and Circular Quay, with a dramatic setting at the narrowest point in the Harbour. Visible layers of change appear on the sandstone topography which gives the precinct its name. Less tangible aspects, such as harbour sounds and breezes and water views, are crucial to The Rocks’ sense of place on the foreshore. The Rocks is important as a foreshore port settlement and historic focus of social and economic activity, commencing in Australia’s colonial period. The Rocks is a place where authentic early convict evidence is accessible to the public. The Rocks is part of the place of first sustained contact between Aboriginal people and European settlers on the continent. Physical evidence of pre-European Aboriginal culture in The Rocks has been largely destroyed. The lack of such evidence is a poignant reminder of loss. Aboriginal cultural sites which may have survived such impacts are of great significance to the Aboriginal community of Sydney who consider their continued experience and association with The Rocks as symbols of endurance. The Rocks contains a rich accumulation of features that demonstrate layers of Australian history from 1788 until the present. The precinct displays diversity in townscape and building style, form and texture. Distinctive low-rise scale and fine grain textures in The Rocks contrast with, yet complement, the imposing built forms and modern architecture of the city centre beyond. The Rocks landscape, urban form, built structures and subsurface archaeological features, together with extensive documentary records, provide a chronicle of outstanding research potential. The Rocks and adjacent areas of Millers Point and Dawes Point are symbols of community survival, with the associated present-day communities representing and connected to the processes of struggle, perseverance and change that have shaped these places. Owned and managed in the public interest for a century, The Rocks has been the stage for Government innovation in public works, town planning and social engineering. It is known for historic events such as the 1901 plague, slum clearances and Green Bans. It has become a showcase for conservation practice and is an example of public land ownership and sustainable urban management under one Government agency.
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7. IMPACT ASSESSMENT The application as part of a State Significant Development Application would not be submitted for assessment to the City of Sydney Council, rather it would be assessed by the Department of Planning and the Environment. As such, the impact of the proposed works has been assessed in this report, against the relevant policies of the Mercantile Hotel Conservation Management Plan (CMP) by Graham Brooks and Associates (2007) and questions provided by the Office of Environment and Heritage. Conservation Management Plan Policies The impact assessment of the proposed works has been extensively covered below in Table 1. The discussion below covers the relevant policies of the Conservation Management Plan and the discussion of the individual proposed works is covered below.
Table 1 – Relevant Conservation Management Plan Policies POLICY DISCUSSION
7.2 Current and potential future use The proposed works would facilitate the ongoing use of the Mercantile as a pub and hotel, in compliance with Policy: The Mercantile Hotel should retain its this policy. The proposed works have been designed to historic and current use as a hotel. The current be sympathetic to the significance of the site whilst use of the shop as part of the hotel is acceptable, providing required updated amenities. All back of house however, the reinstatement of the shop and functions for the hotel would be located within the old residence as separate premises is desirable in residence. This would ensure that the original room the longer term. configurations are maintained. The proposed updating of the Mercantile Hotel would facilitate the ongoing and historic use of the site.
7.3.6 Appropriate skills and experience It is a recommendation in Section 8 of this report, that all trades that are engaged to undertake the proposed Policy: Appropriate conservation skills and works, have experience working on heritage buildings. experience should be available within project teams to deal with any programs of conservation and upgrading of the building components of The Mercantile Hotel.
7.4.1 Retention of Significance The proposed works would retain the values identified in the Statement of Significance for the Mercantile Hotel. Policy: The statement of significance should be The proposed works would allow for the retention of the adopted as the basis for heritage management. historic, aesthetic, and social qualities of the site to be All decisions should consider and seek to retain retained. Additionally, the contribution of the Mercantile the values identified in the Statement of Hotel to the character of The Rocks would be retained. Significance. Furthermore, the proposed works would provide for the continued use of the site as a pub and hotel. The works proposed would provide for updated amenities at the site in accordance with contemporary expectations and standards.
7.4.2 Conservation of Significant Fabric The following is an assessment of the impact of the proposed works on extant fabric located on the site, in Policy: Extant building fabric, both internally and accordance with this policy: externally should be retained and conserved, in accordance with the levels of significance identified in Section 5.0 Grading of Significance of
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this CMP and in accordance with particular Exterior actions specified in the Section 8.2 –Schedule of Exterior East Elevation (George Street) Conservation Works of this CMP. • No works are proposed to the eastern elevation of the site. This elevation has been assessed to have exceptional significance, no fabric of significance would be impacted on this elevation.
Northern Elevation (intersection George and Gloucester Streets)
• It is proposed that penetrations are made in two areas of the northern elevation. The impact of the penetrations would be acceptable as the works would be required to facilitate the installation of the lift and enable access at the site. It is a recommendation of this report that all removed brickwork is stored safely and securely on site (refer to Section 8).
Western Elevation (Gloucester Walk)
• Penetrations into the western elevation have been sited so as to minimise the impact of the works on this aspect of the subject building.
• The proposed new ground floor amenities area would be located in an area that has been assessed to have little significance in the CMP. The paving that would be required to be removed in this area has been assessed in the CMP to be of moderate significance.
• Original doors and windows of this elevation have been identified in the CMP as mostly obscured but of exceptional significance. The proposed works would involve the repair and repainting of these significant elements.
• Existing face brick walls would be retained and protected, these elements have identified to have exceptional significance in the CMP.
• The installation of the proposed lift would involve the removal of three early windows located on the western elevation. The impact of which has been assessed as acceptable. The installation of a lift would facilitate universal access to the site. Providing an accessible building would facilitate the ongoing and historic use of the site. The proposed location of the lift has been designed to minimise impact on significant fabric, spaces, and views to and from the site.
• An existing window of significance would be modified to provide accessible compliance on the ground floor, providing access to the courtyard. The impact of this modification has been minimised through the retention of the door leaf and highlight windows. The detailing of this window assembly is in reference to
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POLICY DISCUSSION
the original door assembly of the front principle elevation. As discussed above, this impact has been assessed as acceptable on account of the need to provide access to the site, in order to facilitate the ongoing and historic use of the Mercantile Hotel.
Southern Elevation
• Two minor penetrations are proposed on the southern elevation of the site. The proposed removal of brickwork is minimal. The removal would be reversible, in order to mitigate against an undue impact, it is recommended that all removed fabric is stored safely and securely on site.
• It is proposed that the Mercantile Hotel signage graphic is restored. There is historical precedent for this signage and the reinstatement of this feature would have a positive heritage impact on the significance of the site.
Interior
Ground Floor
• Minor internal modifications are proposed on the ground floor. The enlargement of the existing kitchen pass-through opening is required to enable accessibility into the new lift. The proposed works have been assessed to have an acceptable level of heritage impact. Exceptional fabric and the spatial qualities of the building on this level would be retained.
First Floor
• It is proposed that internal fabric is removed on this floor. The design of the works has considered the significance of the fabric on this level. Removed fabric is largely limited to areas that have been assessed in the CMP to be of moderate or intrusive significance.
• As discussed, the expansion of the extant window would be required to facilitate the insertion of the lift and provide access to the site.
• In order to facilitate the insertion of the ensuite bathrooms it is proposed that minor penetrations are made in in internal bedroom walls. The impact of these penetrations has been assessed as acceptable, it is proposed that wall nibs are retained in order to allow for the interpretation of the original
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layout. Furthermore, the openings would allow for the insertion of ensuite bathrooms. The provision of ensuite bathrooms would allow for the accommodation rooms located on the site to retain their use. It is understood that the insertion of ensuite bathrooms is required to update the premises in accordance with contemporary accommodation standards to ensure the ongoing historic use is continued and not discontinued.
• The proposed new kitchen fit out would involve the insertion of a mechanical exhaust duct, involving the removal of a section of floor (approximately 900mmx900mm in size). The location of these works is in an area that has been assessed to be of moderate significance, the proposed location has been assessed to have an acceptable level of impact and would not detract from the significance of the site as a whole.
• The existing lightwell window in the kitchen cooking area would be required to be removed in order to allow for the installation of kitchen make up air. The proposed window is located in the existing lightwell and would not be visible from the public domain.
Second Floor
• The proposed internal works on the second floor largely mirror those of the first floor. The assessment of which is discussed above.
• The extant stair on the second floor has been assessed to have moderate significance. It is proposed that a new fire egress stair would be installed in this location extending the stair to the roof. The stair would be above set from the extant walls and cornices mitigating the impact of the works. The extant stair will retain in situ as existing with no modifications. The proposed new stair has been set- off the existing wall to allow for the retention of existing features including the cornices.
Roof Terrace
• The roof has been assessed to have little heritage significance in the CMP.
• It is proposed that a laundry hopper is removed in order to facilitate access between the rooftop spaces. The removal of this element would in no way diminish the significance of the site.
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POLICY DISCUSSION
• The extant walls of the laundry and store room located on the roof have been assessed to have significance. The proposed removal of sections of these walls has been assessed to have an acceptable impact. The openings would facilitate access to this level. Furthermore, the works would allow for the installation of a roof terrace bar which is set back from the parapet of the building minimising the visual impact of the addition.
• The installation of a roof top terrace bar would provide contemporary facilities for the site, facilitating its ongoing and historic use as a bar with accommodation.
7.4.3 Conservation of Significant Spaces The proposed works would conserve the established spatial qualities of the Mercantile Hotel. The proposed Policy: The spatial qualities of The Mercantile works have been informed to update the site with Hotel contribute to its significance and expectations of contemporary patrons, with minimal interpretation and therefore should be conserved, modification on the established significant spaces of the as part of the on-going use, ongoing site. The proposed works have been assessed to have management and any future development an acceptable level of impact as: strategy. • The proposed internal works on the ground floor are minimal and would not alter the established spatial qualities of the site.
• The insertion of ensuite bathrooms would facilitate the ongoing use of accommodation at the site. As it would bring the accommodation of the site in line with contemporary expectations.
• Minimal penetrations would be required to facilitate the insertions of ensuite bathrooms. The placement and dimensions of the proposed penetrations would allow for the original room layout to be interpreted.
• The proposed roof bar would not detract from the existing roof space.
7.4.4 Element Specific Policies As part of the proposed works on the site, the following restoration works are proposed: Policy: Surviving segments of the historic built fabric and other site elements shall generally be • Restoration of existing parapet walls and railings. retained and conserved in accordance with the • Restoration of existing ground floor bar fit out, levels of significance identified in Section 5.1 of including the retention, refinishing and repair of the this CMP –Grading of Significant Elements and extant timber panelling. Spaces, and managed in accordance with Section 7.1 –Treatment of Fabric of Different • Repairs and restoration of windows and doors Grades of Significance. generally.
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7.4.5 Archaeological Monitoring It is beyond the scope of this report to assess the archaeological potential of the site. Notwithstanding, it is Policy: Any ground disturbance on the property is understood that the CMP prepared for the site has to be subject to further archaeological assessed the archaeological potential below ground for assessment the site to be low.
An Aboriginal Archaeological Assessment for the site has been prepared by Unearthed Archaeology and Heritage, dated October 2017. An Historic Archaeological Assessment was prepared by Casey & Lowe, dated December 2017. Both reports conclude that the archaeological potential of the site is low.
It is a recommendation of this report that during excavation on the should any archaeological objects be found; all works should cease and a suitably qualified archaeologist be engaged (refer further to Section 9).
7.4.7 Controls on intervention The proposed works comply with this policy.
Policy: Intervention into building fabric for non- Proposed interventions are in order to facilitate the conservation purposes should generally be ongoing use of the site as a hotel and accommodation restricted to approved programs of re-use or premises. upgrading of service areas and facilities.
7.4.8 Retention of fixtures and fittings Extant fittings and fixtures would be retained in accordance with this policy. It is a recommendation of Policy: Features and fixtures associated with the this report (refer to Section 8) that onsite heritage site’s historic use as a hotel providing public monitoring is implemented during the course of works. recreational facilities and accommodation should be retained and preserved.
7.4.9 Interpretation It is a recommendation of this report (refer to Section 9) that an interpretation plan be prepared and Policy: The heritage significance of the site implemented to convey the significance of the site to the should be interpreted on site by appropriate public, staff, and patrons of the site. methods.
7.5.1 Integration of New Work • The proposed installation of the ensuite bathrooms has been designed to operate as pods. The insertion Policy: The introduction of new fabric should be of the pods would require minimal intervention, undertaken in such a manner that it does not mitigating the impact to significant fabric and spaces. result in a lessening of the cultural significance of the place. New work should be identifiable as • Proposed new work, including the installation of the such and should, wherever possible, be capable lift and the roof top terrace would be reversible, and of being removed without damage to significant capable of being removed without significant damage fabric or spaces. to significant fabric and spaces. Additionally, these works would be clearly discernible as contemporary and would not diminish the significance of the site.
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POLICY DISCUSSION
7.5.2 Integration of Services The proposed services installation would have an acceptable level of impact on the significance of the Policy: The extension or alteration of existing site. services in The Mercantile Hotel is acceptable in the context of re-use, but should not have a • All new electrical services would be installed within detrimental impact to the significance of the the proposed new framed walls or situated within the building components as a whole. existing floor cavity.
• Generally, all new hydraulic services for bathrooms would be run in the new floor structure.
• Where possible existing penetrations and fixing locations are to be reused for new services.
• No services would be chased in existing masonry walls.
• New lighting fixtures and switches would generally use the existing locations.
• Existing floorboards to be removed in order to facilitate the installation of services within the cavity and fire upgrading. Original floorboards would then be reinstated.
• Where required, only minimum notching or drilling of floor joists to be undertaken in order to allow for the installation of services.
• Sprinkler services would be installed within the existing floor cavities. Sprinkler heads would only locally penetrate the existing ceilings where required in to provide compliant coverage.
• New framed walls, floors and ceilings for kitchen and bathroom pods would be set off from walls by a minimum of 35 mm in order to retain skirting boards, dado rails etc.
• New ceilings to be lower than the existing and ensure the retention of decorative cornices and picture rails.
• Plumbing services to the proposed ensuite pods would be within new floor framing and floor cavity, as seem in the extract of the plans below (refer further to Figure 68).
In order to mitigate the impact at the site, it is a recommendation of this report that an onsite heritage architect is engaged to monitor the proposed works. This recommendation is included in Section 9 of this report.
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7.5.5 Signage and External Lighting As discussed, it is proposed that the Mercantile Hotel signage is graphic is restored on the southern elevation. Policy: External signage and lighting should be in There is historical precedent for this signage and the harmony with the overall character of the place, reinstatement of this feature would have a positive and complement the historic character of the impact on the significance of the site, (refer to Figure building on which it is mounted. 16).
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Heritage Office Guidelines Refer above to Table 1 for an extensive discussion of the impact of the proposed works as applied to the policies of the Conservation Management Plan. In the discussion below the impact of the proposed works is discussed as relating to the Heritage Office’s questions, however as there is overlap in multiple instances reference has been to the extensive discussion included in Table 1.
Table 2 – Heritage Office Guidelines Question Discussion
The following aspects of the proposal respect or • No modification is proposed on the primary elevation enhance the heritage significance of the item or of the subject building. conservation area for the following reasons: • All exterior works are proposed on secondary elevations to the rear.
• The proposed materials and finishes are discernible as contemporary and of a high standard.
• Proposed works are largely concentrated in areas of low significance.
• The proposed ensuite bathrooms would be pods contained within the existing rooms. As seen in the below extract from the plans, the design of the proposed bathroom pods would allow for the retention of significant architectural elements including the architraves and skirting boards (refer further to Figure 68).
• Restoration works to the subject building are proposed as part of the proposed works.
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Question Discussion
Partial Demolition
Is the demolition essential for the heritage item to • The proposed partial minor demolition works would function? be required to update the subject building. The proposed updates are required to facilitate the
ongoing use of the site as a pub and hotel.
Are important features of the item affected by the • No individual significant architectural elements would demolition (e.g. fireplaces in buildings)? be impacted by the proposed demolition.
• The proposed partial demolition is sympathetic to the Is the resolution to partially demolish sympathetic heritage significance of the site. As discussed above, to the heritage significance of the item? the proposed works have been designed to require
minimal impact to significant fabric and spaces, whilst
updating the subject building. The proposed updates would facilitate the ongoing historic use of the site.
• The proposed demolition is not on account of the If the partial demolition is a result of the condition condition of fabric. of the fabric, is it certain that the fabric cannot be repaired?
Minor additions • As discussed above, the impact of the proposed How is the impact of the addition on the heritage addition has been minimised through minimal significance of the item to be minimised? intervention, ensuing that new works would be
reversible, and the use of high quality contemporary finishes.
• The installation of the lift that would be visible from Can the additional area be located within an the exterior of the building has been assessed to be a existing structure? If no, why not? sympathetic solution. The installation of the lift would
provide universal access to the site, installing this element internally within the structure would result in an unsupportable impact to heritage fabric and spaces. The proposed location of the lift has been assessed to provide amenity to the site with minimal impact to heritage significance. The lift shaft itself is to be steel framed with glazed faces to the to the
north and south, and metal clad blades to the east
and west. The proposed glazing would create transparency through the lift structure when viewed from the northern approach along Gloucester Walk to the brickwork texture of the building. The proposed glazing is articulated with vertical framing to play against the horizontal banding of the hotel brickwork. Additionally, it is proposed that the lift car is glazed to
minimise the visual obstruction of the addition.
• The proposed roof terrace bar would facilitate the
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Question Discussion
ongoing use of the site as a bar and hotel. The design intent of the of the terrace was to maintain the visual connection to the surrounding area. The
proposed roof form is a contemporary take on the
traditional saw tooth roof form. The proposed materiality is lightweight steel and glass, mitigated against the visual impact of the addition.
• The subject site is one of the few remaining
pub/hotels located within The Rocks. In many of the traditional pubs located in The Rocks the accommodation of the venue has been lost on account of the changes in the expectations of patrons. The proposed addition of ensuite bathrooms would bring the accommodation in line with contemporary expectations and encourage the
ongoing and traditional use of the site. Additionally,
the proposed roof terrace bar would align with expectations of contemporary patrons. As discussed above, the proposed works would be reversible, discernible as contemporary, and of a high standard.
• The proposed additions would not visually dominate Will the additions visually dominate the heritage the heritage item. As seen in the view analysis (refer item? to Section 4.7), the proposed additions are visually
subservient to the subject building and historic
precinct. Extracts of the view analysis of the proposed works are included below fore reference.
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Question Discussion
• It is beyond the scope of this report to assess the Is the addition sited on any known or potentially archaeological potential of the site. Refer further to significant archaeological deposits? If so, have alternative positions for the additions been the report prepared by Casey & Lowe (December, 2017) for an Historical Archaeological Assessment considered? and Unearthed (October, 2017) for an Aboriginal Archaeological Assessment.
• Refer to Table 1, which discusses the proposed Are the additions sympathetic to the heritage additions and the suitability of the proposed works in item? In what way (e.g. form, proportions, relation to form, proportions, and design. The design)? proposed works have been assessed to be sympathetic to the heritage significance of the site.
New services (e.g. air conditioning, plumbing)
How has the impact of the new services on the • Refer to Table 1 which discuss the impact of the heritage significance of the item been minimised? proposed installation of services. Currently the exposed services located at the rear of the building, it
is proposed that these detracting elements are removed. This would be an improvement on the presentation of the site and would have a positive impact on the significance of the site. Are any of the existing services of heritage • The existing services are not considered to be of significance? In what way? Are they affected by heritage significance. The installation of new services the new work? would have a neutral impact on existing services. Has the advice of a conservation consultant (e.g. • Urbis has been consulted in the design process as architect) been sought? Has the consultant’s have the Heritage and Urban Design Team at Place advice been implemented? Management. Heritage advice has been provided and incorporated into the finalised design.
Are any known or potential archaeological • As discussed above, it is beyond the scope of this deposits (underground and under floor) affected report to assess the archaeological potential of the by the proposed new services? site. Refer further to the report prepared by Casey & Lowe (December 2017) for an Historical Archaeological Assessment and Unearthed (October 2017) for an Aboriginal Archaeological Assessment.
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8. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS The subject site is identified as a State listed heritage item under the Heritage Act (SHR01560), is located within the Rocks Conservation Area, and is listed on the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority’s s170 Heritage and Conservation Register. Furthermore, as seen in Figure 80 the site is located in the vicinity of a number of State heritage listed items. Accordingly, any proposed works to the site are required to be assessed to determine their potential impact on the significance of the heritage item, adjoining items and the broader heritage conservation area.
The proposed works as detailed in Section 4 of this report include:
• An extension of the building envelope on ground floor to the western elevation (below Gloucester Walk) to facilitate an updated amenities area;
• Internal modifications on ground, first, and second floors, including o The insertion of ensuite bathrooms to existing accommodation rooms; o Extensive relocation and upgrade to the kitchen on the first floor with new dumb waiters across all levels; o Removal of the recent bar area to the southern extension and modification of the rear to allow better access to the courtyard and appreciation of the Gloucester walk retaining wall;
• Installation of a new lift to the rear externally; and
• Provision of a roof top bar with an enclosed shade and acoustic structure, fire stair and associated amenities. The impact of the proposed works has been assessed detail in the Impact Assessment included in Section 7 of this report. The proposed works have been assessed herein to have an acceptable degree of impact on the heritage significance of the site. The proposed works would provide for universal access to the site, and update the amenities in line with the expectations of contemporary patrons and guests to facilitate the long term ongoing historic use as a pub and hotel. The proposed works would facilitate this ongoing use through the upgraded back of house and amenities and ensuite bathrooms for accommodation rooms. The provision of a roof terrace bar provides a further utilisation of the existing space and allows public appreciation of exceptional historic views to the surrounding historic precinct which is a fabulous opportunity. The proposed modifications and works to update the site would be supported from a heritage perspective as:
• No modification is proposed on the primary elevation of the subject building;
• All exterior works are proposed on secondary elevations and are minor when visible from the public realm;
• The proposed materials and finishes are discernible as contemporary and of a high standard;
• Proposed works are largely concentrated in areas of low significance;
• The proposed ensuite bathrooms would be pods contained within the existing rooms;
• Restoration and fire compliance upgrade works to the subject building are proposed as part of the proposed works;
• The work is designed by architects Welsh and Major that are highly regarding in the heritage adaptive re- use field and have completed several high-quality projects in the rocks.
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• RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations have been included to address any potential impact of the proposed works:
• It is recommended that a Photographic Archival Recording (PAR) is undertaken where works are proposed, prior to any works being undertaken at the site;
• An Interpretation Plan should be developed to convey the development and significance of the site to the public and patrons of the site;
• All trades that are engaged to undertake the proposed works should have experience working on heritage buildings;
• Any fabric of significance that is removed (bricks) should be stored safely and securely on site; and
• In order to mitigate against any undue impact to the site, it is a recommendation of this report that an onsite heritage architect is engaged to monitor the proposed works.
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9. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES 9.1. BIBLIOGRAPHY Department of Lands 2011, Spatial Information Exchange, Department of Lands, Sydney, available at:
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DISCLAIMER This report is dated 4 May 2018 and incorporates information and events up to that date only and excludes any information arising, or event occurring, after that date which may affect the validity of Urbis Pty Ltd’s (Urbis) opinion in this report. Urbis prepared this report on the instructions, and for the benefit only, of Welsh + Major (Instructing Party) for the purpose of Heritage Impact Statement (Purpose) and not for any other purpose or use. To the extent permitted by applicable law, Urbis expressly disclaims all liability, whether direct or indirect, to the Instructing Party which relies or purports to rely on this report for any purpose other than the Purpose, and to any other person which relies or purports to rely on this report for any purpose whatsoever (including the Purpose). In preparing this report, Urbis was required to make judgements which may be affected by unforeseen future events, the likelihood and effects of which are not capable of precise assessment. All surveys, forecasts, projections and recommendations contained in or associated with this report are made in good faith and on the basis of information supplied to Urbis at the date of this report, and upon which Urbis relied. Achievement of the projections and budgets set out in this report will depend, among other things, on the actions of others over which Urbis has no control. In preparing this report, Urbis may rely on or refer to documents in a language other than English, which Urbis may arrange to be translated. Urbis is not responsible for the accuracy or completeness of such translations and disclaims any liability for any statement or opinion made in this report being inaccurate or incomplete arising from such translations. Whilst Urbis has made all reasonable inquiries it believes necessary in preparing this report, it is not responsible for determining the completeness or accuracy of information provided to it. Urbis (including its officers and personnel) is not liable for any errors or omissions, including in information provided by the Instructing Party or another person or upon which Urbis relies, provided that such errors or omissions are not made by Urbis recklessly or in bad faith. This report has been prepared with due care and diligence by Urbis and the statements and opinions given by Urbis in this report are given in good faith and in the reasonable belief that they are correct and not misleading, subject to the limitations above.
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APPENDIX A STATEMENTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
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The following Statements of Significance have been sourced directly from the NSW State Heritage Inventory listings for each site. The sites which have been included cover the listed heritage items that are in the vicinity of the subject site. SHR 01579 - SERGEANT MAJORS ROW (TERRACE) Sergeant Major’s Row, a grouping of five terrace buildings located at 33-41 George Street and site is of State heritage significance for its historical, aesthetic and scientific values. The site and buildings are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area, which is of State heritage significance in its own right. Originally constructed as a speculative type development, the terraces have been occupied by a number of occupants and tenants as residences and later as commercial premises which generally reflects the growth and development of The Rocks. They are significant for their association with Robert Campbell, Edward Stanley Ebsworth and Nita McCrae who all had significant impact in the local area. The buildings are good and intact examples of late Victorian terraces that despite ongoing upgrades and some modification significantly retain their fundamental external form and characteristics, scale and details, internal spatial arrangement and a considerable amount of original and early fabric. They make an important contribution to the streetscape at the northern end of George Street as an intact grouping and representing the more human scale, early residences of The Rocks. The site and buildings provide accessible interpretation opportunities for the general public and tourists in the heart of The Rocks. (Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd 2004) SHR 01561 - MERCHANTS HOUSE The Merchants House and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. The Merchants House is the most intact example of the typical late Georgian period townhouse (with basement offices, ground floor dining room, first floor drawing room and upper bedrooms) known to survive in NSW. Built in 1848, documentary evidence suggest that it was designed by John Bibb, considered one of the finest Greek Revival architects in Australia. It contains a rare example in Sydney of an intact mid nineteenth century first floor drawing room with its moulded plasterwork, chimney piece and grate, joinery, and cantilevered balcony. The Merchants House contains original elements of high quality including a geometric staircase, cast-iron cantilevered balcony, stonework, surface finishes, door cases, windows, French doors, dormer windows and servant bell system. The house was designed to complement the adjoining warehouse built four years earlier. Within the present streetscape of George Street North, the buildings contribute to a fine ensemble of buildings from the early Victorian to Edwardian period. Including a range of residential terraces from the early 1840s (85-77 George Street), to the 1860s (32-29 George Street), and the 1880s (41-33 George Street). The building complex reflects the wealth and status of the small business and merchant class of 19th century Sydney and provides evidence of the once dominant mercantile nature of The Rocks. It is an extremely valuable resource for understanding life in the area, especially if examined along with Michael Gannon’s house in Argyle Street and Susannah Place in Gloucester Street which represent contrasting socio-economic backgrounds. (Clive Lucas Stapleton 1990) SHR 01612 - UNION BANK STORE (FORMER), WESTPAC BANK The Westpac Bank and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. The Union Bond Store at 47 George Street, The Rocks is important at a State level because it demonstrates Sydney’s early to mid nineteenth century mercantile character associated with the nearby Circular Quay which was then Australia’s principal port. The Union Bond Store is a rare example of a single bay warehouse in remarkable condition from this period. The commercial warehouse use can still be seen in its:
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- Face sandstone walls; - Warehouse doors on each level; - Cathead beam; - Roof structure (to accommodate this beam and its loading); and - The internal large second floor hatch for winching goods between levels. The Union Bond Store forms part of the historic mid nineteenth century group (43-49 George Street) which also includes: - The adjacent Merchants House at 43 George Street; - Its narrow infill warehouse at 45 George Street; and - the site of demolished twin warehouse across Atherden Street (at 49 George Street). This group is important at a State level for its demonstration of how Sydney merchants in the mid- nineteenth century lived adjacent to their warehouses within a short distance of the port, in a similar manner to European mercantile practice from at least Renaissance times. The relatively fine architectural detailing of the group demonstrates the prosperity that merchant companies were experiencing at the time. The Union Bond Store was designed by the notable English-born architect John Bibb (1810-62). Bibb trained under the architect John Verge and was one of the pre-eminent exponents of Victorian Regency and early Victorian Classic Revival architecture in Sydney from the 1840s to the early 1860s. The Bond Store is one of the few remaining examples of Bibb’s early work, and possibly his only remaining warehouse building in Sydney. The building’s refined Regency style is noteworthy, particularly as most other warehouses built around this time (1840s) tended to be more utilitarian in character. The building has associations with a series of persons and groups of importance in the history of commercial activities in NSW. From the time of its construction in 1841, until it was resumed by the State Government at the beginning of the twentieth century, the ownership of the subject property remained with the prominent NSW building and merchant families Martyn and Combes. From 1875 to c. 1921 the longest term tenant at these premises were Edward Row & Co. who used the buildings as factories and warehousing for their pharmaceutical business (and it is possible that they also used the adjacent Merchants House as a residence during their tenancy). The adaptation of the Union Bond Store in the 1980s as a Westpac Bank branch and Museum of Banking is of local significance in demonstrating the late twentieth century adaptation of warehouse buildings in The Rocks to business and cultural uses. The archaeological potential of the immediate grounds of the Union Bond Store is moderate, and material is likely to be of Local significance, as the grounds were disturbed by the replacement of the ground floor with concrete in the 1960s. The archaeological potential of grounds at 6-8 Atherden Street is limited by the 1985 demolition of the adjacent former factory (built late c. 1880s) and the subsequent excavations to construct the Westpac Bank Museum. The archaeological potential of the associated site of the demolished twin warehouse at 49 George Street (together with other parts of Atherden Street formerly covered by early to mid 19th century buildings) is high, with material likely to include relics of State significance. SHR 01529 - AVERY TERRACE Avery Terrace and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. They owe their continuous existence to the esteem in which they are held by the local community, and by the wider community as evidenced by their listing on the registers of both the National Estate and the National Trust and also evidenced by the efforts in the 1970s to save them from demolition as part of the Green Ban movement. The site of Avery Terrace is important in the history of the establishment and development of Sydney as a colony as evidence of land granted to Robert Campbell Senior in 1834 and its later subdivision and sale. Avery Terrace, 2 & 4 Atherden Street, is significant to the 19th and 20th century history of
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The Rocks as evidence of a small residential development commissioned by Edward Stanley Ebsworth in c.1881. Avery Terrace is important as one of a group of residential buildings surviving the demolitions that followed land resumptions under the Public Purposes Acquisition Act (1900). Avery Terrace is significant in NSW for its long history of residential tenancy and is valued for its association with the working-class families, largely employed in maritime and wharfside occupations. Avery Terrace has a strong and special association with the Avery family who lived in Atherden Street from c.1914 and in Avery Terrace from c.1917 until 1993. The item is associated with Nita McCrae who is recognized for mobilising The Rocks community in protesting against redevelopment plans that disregarded the area’s rich history and long-term residents. The form, scale, planning and detailing of Avery Terrace are evidence of Victorian Regency Style terrace housing of The Rocks. It is notable for the high standard of construction and detailing and, despite some alterations, it remains a good example of its type. Set against the sandstone escarpment Avery Terrace, with Playfair and Argyle Terrace, make an important contribution to the late 19th century character of the streetscape. Avery Terrace is a rare example of a bald-faced, Victorian Regency Style terrace and is one of a surviving group of this style. The high quality construction and detailing is uncommon in working-class rental housing of the era and contributes to its rarity. (FORM architects (aust) pty ltd 2007) SHR 01570 - PLAYFAIR’S TERRACE Playfair's Terrace and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. Nos 1-7 Atherden Street, together with Avery Terrace at Nos 2-4 Atherden Street are well scaled buildings and good examples of their size and type. The terraces, and the escarpment at the end of Atherden Street, provide a fine intimate street space and sense of enclosure. The buildings and the enclosed street space make an important contribution to the heritage significance of The Rocks Conservation Area. (National Trust 1976, AHC 1980) SHR 01566 - OLD SYDNEY HOLIDAY INN The Old Sydney Holiday Inn and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. Harrington's Buildings, now the northern part of the Old Sydney Park Royal Hotel, is significant as one of a large number of warehouses built in The Rocks close to wharf facilities. The site is part of an 1816 land grant and has association with Robert Campbell and George Atherden, major players in the early development of The Rocks, and with the Harringtons, Sydney industrialists in the early 20th century. The building has landmark significance being on a prominent corner, and as part of a group of early 20th century buildings in George Street North, relating well in scale, materials, façade treatment and fenestration to the Metcalfe Bond stores, the ASN Co Building and No 88 George Street. SHR 01555 MINING MUSEUM (FORMER) The Mining Museum and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. The former Mining Museum and Chemical Laboratory site and building is principally significant for its historical and aesthetic significance. It demonstrates the continuous significant human activity of collecting mineral and geological objects of economic and intellectual interest, carried out for almost 90 years on this site. It is an excellent example of the Federation Warehouse style with good proportions and distinctive Romanesque and Art Nouveau detailing. It was designed by a very prominent Federation Period architect, Walter Liberty Vernon, who was the first NSW Government Architect. The design is a well considered and executed approach to the site. The building reflects the early 20th century development phase of The Rocks after the Government resumption. It is significant as an early 20th century museum building illustrating important external and internal design features. It is a very distinctive building with landmark qualities to the local area, The Rocks
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and Circular Quay. The place is also significant because: It is associated with numerous significant historical events at world, national and state level. It is representative of an educational and research activity that was continuous from the turn of the century to recent times in NSW. The chimney stack is a rare surviving feature in Sydney and has a high level of integrity. The building is a rare example of and inner city building that was originally designed and partially constructed as a power station and then redesigned and completed as a Museum and Chemical Laboratory. The building was associated with electricity generation supply and distribution in Sydney. It is representative of the decision to generally change from direct current (DC) supply to alternating current (AC) supply in NSW. (Tropman 1996: 15) SHR 01562 - METCALFE BOND STORES Metcalfe Bond Stores and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. The building known as the Metcalfe Bond Stores has simple unobtrusive lines with pleasing rhythm and texture. (Croker 1976) The building has landmark significance as part of a group of early 20th century buildings in George Street North complementing in scale, materials, façade treatment and fenestration the ASN Co Building, No 88 George Street, and the Harrington's Buildings, and being visible as a backdrop to Campbell's Stores from Campbell's Cove, Sydney Cove and Harbour, and Circular Quay East. Its conversion to shops and offices in 1973 also demonstrates attitudes to conservation philosophy and practice of the period as the first such conversion by the SCRA. SHR 01535 - OLD BUSHELLS FACTORY AND WAREHOUSE AND BUSHELLS PLACE The Bushells Warehouse, Bushells Place and site are of State heritage significance for their aesthetic, and historical values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. The warehouse at No.88 George Street (1886) and the interconnected warehouse at No.86 (1912) are closely associated with the mercantile activities of The Rocks, and in particular the Bushells Tea company . No 86 George St was built for and 86-88 George St occupied by one of the most high profile archetypically Australian food manufacturers, The Bushells Tea Company. The building provides direct evidence of the operations of that Company. The warehouse at No 88 George St (1886) and the interconnected warehouse at No 86 (1912) are closely associated with the mercantile activities of The Rocks. No.88 is a representative but altered example of the late Victorian Free Classical style. No.86, designed by the Government Architect, W.L. Vernon, is a representative example of the Federation Warehouse style. Vernon designed the additional floor and remodelled eastern façade of No.88 to harmonize with his design at No.86. No. 86, was one of the first buildings in Sydney to employ a steel frame, allowing for larger interior spaces. The steel was supplied by Dorman Long & Co of Britain, who would later go on to construct the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The two buildings, located at the junction of George Street and Hickson Road, have an important landmark and streetscape quality, particularly when approached from the east along George Street. The use of the building façade for the Bushells signage up until the 1980s has given it significance as an important historic landmark. Undoubtedly, the building had landmark status as one of the most prominent commercial institutions of The Rocks and Bushells enjoyed community and employee regard as a benevolent employer. The massive scale of Bushells compared to its neighbours makes the building distinctive in its setting and in the townscape image of The Rocks. The adaptive reuse of the building completed in 2007 has been rated Australia's most sustainably designed State heritage-listed office building. The Green Building Council of Australia has awarded the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority project a 5-Star Green Star Office Design rating - the first time the rating has been awarded to a State heritage-listed office building.
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SHR 01536 - CAMPBELL’S STORES Campbell's Stores and site are of State heritage significance for their historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. Campbell's Stores are a superb example of mid-nineteenth century warehouse buildings, now rare in Sydney. They are the only warehouses of their type remaining on the foreshores of Sydney Cove, the hub of commerce and international shipping transport until the late nineteenth century. As a memorable and easily recognisable landmark in The Rocks, visible from a wide area of Sydney Harbour, they have iconic value as a symbol of mid nineteenth century Sydney. Campbell's Stores have historic significance for their association with the Campbell family, one of the earliest and most influential free immigrant families in Australia. They are the surviving element of a complex of wharves and stores that began in 1801 with the construction by Robert Campbell of the first privately owned wharf in Australia. Later significant associations include the Australasian Steam Navigation Company, one of the most important commercial shipping and transport companies in Australian, and the Sydney Harbour Trust, established by the Government following of the bubonic plague scares of 1901. Campbell Stores is significant for its association with commercial Bond and Free store usage for over one hundred and twenty years, with each successive owner, including the Sydney Harbour Trust and Maritime Services Board, leasing sections of the Stores to a variety of merchant companies. The changes made to Campbell's Stores provide evidence of the changing commercial fortunes of maritime Sydney. The construction of the first five bays demonstrate economic growth following the 1840s depression, and the additional six bays demonstrate further economic growth, following the 1850s gold rushes. The construction of the third level by the ASN Co in the mid 1880s demonstrates a further period of economic growth and also of a change in the functional operation of the Stores, as evidenced by the inter-connection of the top floor spaces. The adaptive reuse of the building in the 1970s represents an early approach to the conservation of historic buildings. The continued subsequent use of the building for a series of restaurants demonstrates the changing uses of Sydney Cove from industrial purposes to largely tourist-related purposes. The design, form and materials of Campbell's Stores contribute to their aesthetic significance as a complex of buildings of high visual and sensory appeal. Their design elements reflect their original function in a simple but dignified manner. Their form is a coherent whole, made up of repetitive gabled bays combined with an undulating rhythm of door and window openings. The consistent use of sandstone, brick and slate materials reinforces this visual coherence and provides an appearance of solidity and quality. Campbell's Stores represent a surviving example of mid nineteenth century style warehouses; a building type once common around Sydney Cove, but now rare. The gabled bay form, cathead beams, hoists, goods aprons and doors are evidence of an older warehouse style. The form, bars on openings and lack of internal connections between bays evidence the security required for bond store use. Campbell's Stores have social significance for their contemporary role in cultural tourism. They are esteemed as an historic icon by Sydney-siders as well as international and domestic tourists, due to their appearance, location and use. Campbell's Stores have technical/research significance because of their potential to contribute further to our understanding of the early maritime activity around Sydney Cove and, in particular, within the Campbell's Wharf complex. They also have the ability to contribute further to our understanding of the use and operations of mid-nineteenth century warehouse buildings, particularly in relation to goods handling and the changes in technology that occurred over time. The remnant hoisting equipment of the Campbell’s Stores building provides evidence of the changes of technology in goods handling and haulage that occurred during the nineteenth and twentieth century. The hydraulic hoisting equipment and the winches in particular are evocative of the industrial nature of the site and the hydraulic hoists are prominent examples within the Sydney area. They demonstrate the scale and efficiency of the industrial processes undertaken at Campbell’s Stores during its use as dockside goods storage. (Godden Mackay Logan, 2004)
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High Significance Fabric: Original fabric from the first three phases of construction (up to c1885). Industrial items including the hydraulic hoist are also of high significance. Medium Significance Fabric: Bay 11 (Branch Stores Government Printer) c1895, Bay 10 alterations made to facilitate the construction of Hickson Road, c1915, New door openings made on Level 2 as a result of the construction of Hickson Road in c1915. Low Significance Fabric: Reconstruction of fabric as part of 1970s restoration program (e.g.. sandstone restoration of eastern ground floor facade). Fabric introduced to provide for new uses in 1970s works (e.g.. service tunnel at rear, original restaurant, adaptation work etc.) (Godden Mackay 1996: 106-143). SHR 01527 - ASN CO BUILDING ASN Co Building and site are of State heritage significance for their aesthetic, historical and scientific cultural values. The site and building are also of State heritage significance for their contribution to The Rocks area which is of State Heritage significance in its own right. The former ASN Co warehouse and office building was built in 1884. The site has a long history because of its prominent location in the Rocks area, situated on the edge of the Quay and adjacent to the various wharfs, within the main commercial maritime centre. It is associated with the famous early merchant, Robert Campbell. No later store of this construction type was built in the area. The building was designed by the very prominent architect, William Wilkinson Wardell, who chiefly practiced in Victoria. He was an outstanding architect of the nineteenth century who was prolific and best known for building churches, including St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney, public buildings, including the Treasury building, the Mint and Government House in Melbourne, banks including the English Scottish and Australian Bank in George St, The Rocks as well as warehouses. The architectural style of the building is a rare intact example of the Pre-Federation Anglo Dutch style. It is a very rare and fine Victorian example of an office and warehouse development in Sydney. The mix of office and warehouse, each exhibit the same architectural style to varying degrees which forms a pleasant whole. Wardell allowed the site shape to partially dominate his design, which is an excellent example of his style. Each bay was a different length, stepping down the site. Although there were other buildings of similar style that existed in Sydney, none of them incorporate such picturesque facades with this type of layout nor do they mix office and warehouse design together. When it was completed it was one of the most prominent buildings in Sydney, and remains an extremely prominent landmark, being visible from Port Jackson and the North Shore and being part of an important vista from Circular Quay to Campbells Cove and beyond. (Tropman 1990: 15- 21) It was one of the last substantial warehouses with a timber structural system built in Sydney, from 1885 cast iron columns were used instead of timber. The construction method of the building is possibly the earliest surviving example of the use in Sydney of steam cranes imported from England. The importance of steam shipping to the colony's economy is strongly reflected through the high architectural style and the prominent waterfront location of the building. The building is significant as a Landmark building, from its original construction to the present day in Sydney. It holds significance in its associations with The Rocks, Campbell Cove and Circular Quay and is part of a historical precinct that includes Cadmans Cottage, Mission to Seaman Chapel and the Sailors Home which together strongly illustrate this former maritime neighbourhood. It contributes strongly to the character of The Rocks and is an area that is well visited by residents and tourists. Its inclusion on the registers of the National Trust and the National Estate demonstrate the esteem the building is held in by the broader community. It is a benchmark building form capable of providing information about the special relationship between its design and function, being a very rare example of a mix of office and warehouse. It has research and scientific potential in the information that its fabric displays and retains, including the very early sprinkler system. It is possible that the sprinkler system is a rare surviving example, with cast iron pipework and 1929 sprinkler heads still intact. The remaining early sprinkler pipework is probably part of the original sprinkler system, possibly being installed when the water tower was constructed between 1892 and 1894.
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SHR 00781 - SYDNEY HARBOUR BRIDGE APPROACHES AND VIADUCTS (ROAD AND RAIL) The bridge is one of the most remarkable feats of bridge construction. At the time of construction and until recently it was the longest single span steel arch bridge in the world and is still in a general sense the largest. The bridge, its pylons and its approaches are all important elements in townscape of areas both near and distant from it. The curved northern approach gives a grand sweeping entrance to the bridge with continually changing views of the bridge and harbour. The bridge has been an important factor in the pattern of growth of metropolitan Sydney, particularly in residential development in post World War II years. In the 1960s and 1970s the Central Business District had extended to the northern side of the bridge at North Sydney which has been due in part to the easy access provided by the bridge and also to the increasing traffic problems associated with the bridge (Walker and Kerr 1974). SHR 00634 - HARBOUR VIEW HOTEL AND SITE The Harbour View Hotel was one of a small number of pubs constructed in the Millers Point area following demolition by the Sydney Harbour Trust after land was resumed for the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. In an area of trade facilities and industrialisation, hotels formed an important social role. The hotel's location, strategically sited at the south western end of the Harbour Bridge, is a physical reminder of the importance of meeting places associated with movement to and from the city. It is representative of many such buildings servicing the early local labour force and residents during the early decades of the 20th century. Aesthetically, the hotel exhibits consistent Inter-War period form and detailing and is mostly intact externally and internally. The structure is designed in the Inter-war Free Classical style. The hotel is strongly sited and curved around the corner with a classical banded and face brick masonry element. It makes a significant contribution to the local streetscape especially at its curved section of the site. The hotel has significance as part of a small number of popst-1920s purpose designed hotels that have survived in the city area which reflect the social character of the area during the early to mid decades of the 20th century. Of rare significance is the glazed tiles with signage to the lower portion below the awning level façade as few such examples of tiled signage remain in the CBD. (CMP, s5.1) SHR 00861 - TOWNHOUSE (20 LOWER FORT STREET) This property is one of two Regency style townhouses based on the London model of three storeys with basements, and is in almost intact exterior condition. It is part of the Millers Point Conservation Area, an intact residential and maritime precinct. It contains residential buildings and civic spaces dating from the 1830's and is an important example of C19th adaptation of the landscape. SHR 00880 TOWNHOUSE (22 LOWER FORT STREET) This property is one of two Regency style townhouses based on the London model of three storeys, and is in almost intact exterior condition. It is part of the Millers Point Conservation Area, an intact residential and maritime precinct. It contains residential buildings and civic spaces dating from the 1830's and is an important example of C19th adaptation of the landscape. SHR 00852 BUILDING (24 LOWER FORT STREET) Note: The Statement of Significance entry for this site is incorrect. The SHR number refers to the site located at 24 Lower Fort Street however the Statement of Significance refers to 28 and 26 Lower Fort Street. (included overleaf)
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SHR 00881 TOWNHOUSE (26-28 LOWER FORT STREET) No. 28 Lower Fort Street The terrace at number 28 was constructed c. 1860 and has heritage significance on both a local and state level. It has historic, aesthetic, social and representative significance as an example of a characteristic mid-Victorian terrace, demonstrating the early development of Lower Fort Street as a residential neighbourhood in the mid to late nineteenth century, and more broadly, the growth of Sydney and the maritime industry in the Millers Point and Dawes Point precinct. The terrace retains its principal faade with cast iron balustrade on the ground floor; however the terrace has been substantially modified internally, and only the front principal rooms and hallway sections remain, with significance being limited to these areas. Overall significance has been eroded due to extensive modification and removal of fabric. It is considered that there is a medium level of potential for No. 28 to contain archaeological deposits to the rear yard, although there has been extensive modification to the topography, including for the construction of No. 26 and extensive rear additions to No. 28. The sub floor of the original section of No. 28 was extensively excavated including during the 1991 remodelling work and has low to no potential of containing under floor deposits. Based on the anticipated nature of the archaeological deposit, it is considered likely that, if present, archaeological material would be of local significance. This may vary depending on the nature and condition of the deposit. No. 26 Lower Fort Street Number 26 was constructed by the NSW Department of Housing 1991 and reflects government provision of social housing. As an individual item, No. 26 is not considered to meet any of the seven criteria for heritage significance. Being of contemporary construction (1991), No. 26 was designed in a referential style that sympathetic to the original terrace at No. 28. Internally, it has been integrated with No. 28 to form a single building with two individual façades that present as individual terrace properties to the street. No. 26 is typical of public housing properties of the late 20th century, both within the Millers Point and Dawes Point precinct and wider Sydney. It is not, however, considered to be a particularly fine example of late 20th century public housing, and does not possess any particular features or design elements that are aesthetically distinctive or exemplifies a particular style or period. The subject site was constructed around the same time that the Millers Point and Dawes Point precinct public housing stock was transferred from the MSB to the Housing Commission of NSW. This commenced a new phase of public ownership in the local area, and the introduction of a new community base of DoH/Housing Commission of NSW tenants. The subject site is therefore representative of a loss of cultural continuity with what had historically been a predominantly working class community of maritime workers, which was established in the early 1900s and closely associated with the MSB. As a contemporary development, the subject site does not have any substantial links to the historical (pre- 1980s, longer-term) the Millers Point and Dawes Point precinct community, or the area's maritime heritage. Number 26 was constructed in 1991 and has low to no potential to contain remnants of previous timber outbuilding structures due to the extent to which the site is likely to have been disturbed by construction works. Extensive modification to the topography for the construction of No. 26 and extensive rear additions to No. 28 have likely resulted in a high degree of sub-surface disturbance. Based on the anticipated nature of the archaeological deposit, it is considered likely that, if present, archaeological material would be of local significance. This may vary depending on the nature and condition of the deposit. SHR 00894 RESIDENCE (30-42 LOWER FORT STREET) This block is a group of three storey apartment blocks built circa 1910 which is a fine example of post-plague workers' housing.
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It is part of the Millers Point Conservation Area, an intact residential and maritime precinct. It contains residential buildings and civic spaces dating from the 1830's and is an important example of C19th adaptation of the landscape. MILLERS POINT HERITAGE CONSERVATION AREA Millers Point Conservation Area is an intact residential and maritime precinct of outstanding State and national significance. It contains buildings and civic spaces dating from the 1830s and is an important example of nineteenth and early twentieth century adaptation of the landscape. The precinct has changed little since the 1930s.
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APPENDIX B SIGNIFICANCE MAPPING
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The following is the entirety of the Grading of Significant Elements and Spaces prepared by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd in the Mercantile Conservation Management Plan prepared for the Mercantile Hotel (2007).
Figure 83 – Levels of significance – Eastern Elevation
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
Figure 84 – Levels of Significance – Western Elevation
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS APPENDICES
Figure 85 – Levels of Significance – North Elevation
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
Figure 86 – Levels of Significance – South Elevation
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS APPENDICES SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 87 – Levels of Significance - Basement
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
Figure 88 – Levels of Significance – Ground Floor
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS APPENDICES
Figure 89 – Levels of Significance – First Floor
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
Figure 90 – Levels of Significance – Second Floor
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS APPENDICES SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Figure 91 – Levels of Significance – Roof Level
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS APPENDICES
APPENDIX C GRADING OF SIGNIFICANT ELEMENTS AND SPACES
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The following is the entirety of the Schedule of Significant Elements prepared by Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd in the Conservation Management Plan prepared for the Mercantile Hotel (2007). Elements which relate to the proposed works have been highlighted.
Figure 92 – Schedule of Significant Elements
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URBIS APPENDICES SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS APPENDICES
URBIS APPENDICES SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS APPENDICES
URBIS APPENDICES SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS APPENDICES
URBIS APPENDICES SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS APPENDICES
URBIS APPENDICES SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS APPENDICES
URBIS APPENDICES SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS
Source: Graham Brooks and Associates Pty Ltd, Mercantile Hotel CMP, 2007
URBIS SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS APPENDICES
URBIS APPENDICES SH1090_HIS_MERCANTILE_HOTEL_25-27_GEORGE STREET_ THE_ROCKS