Cadmans Cottage Historic Site Conservation Management Plan & Landscape Management Plan
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Cadmans Cottage Historic Site Conservation Management Plan & Landscape Management Plan Final VOLUME 1 JULY 2007 prepared for NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (Department of Environment and Climate Change) ISBN 978 1 74122 475 7 DECC 2007/297 prepared by PAUL DAVIES Pty Ltd 180 Darling Street Balmain NSW 2041 PO Box 296 Balmain NSW 2041 T 02 9818 5941 F 02 9818 5982 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Previous Studies 2 1.3 Terms 3 1.4 Abbreviations 4 1.5 Scope and Methodology 5 1.6 Limits of Plan 6 1.7 Authors 6 1.8 Acknowledgements 6 1.9 Identification of Place 7 2.0 Cadmans Cottage Historic Site Historical Background 11 2.1 Historical Overview 11 2.1.1 Pre 1788 11 2.1.2 Development of Government Dockyard 1786-1816 12 2.1.3 The Coxswains Cottage 1816-1846 16 2.1.4 Water Police and Shipping Office 1846-1864 23 2.1.5 The Sailor’s Home 1864-1970 29 2.1.6 Cadmans Cottage Historic Site 1970-2006 40 2.2 Chronological History of Built Fabric 49 Appendix 1 2.3 Analysis of Landscape 49 2.4 Chronological Pictorial Analysis of Cadmans Cottage Historic 61 Site 3.0 Physical Analysis 67 3.1 Introduction 67 3.2 Built Form 67 3.3 Site Features 73 3.4 Comparative Analysis 80 4.0 Significance Assessment 89 4.1 Previous Assessment of Significance 89 4.2 Background Discussion 89 4.3 Assessment of Significance 90 4.4 Detailed Assessment of Significance 91 4.5 Summary Statement of Significance 96 4.6 Graded Areas of Significance 94 4.7 Curtilage 104 5.0 Conservation and Management Principles 108 5.1 Client Requirements 108 5.2 Principles 109 5.3 Opportunities, Constraints and Issues Arising from Significance 110 5.4 Constraints, Issues and Opportunities Arising from Australia ICOMOS 111 Burra Charter 5.5 Statutory and Other Controls 112 5.5.1 Heritage Council of NSW 112 5.5.2 Heritage Impact Statement 114 5.5.3 Archaeology 114 5.5.4 Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 115 5.5.5 Environment Planning and Assessment Act 1979 115 CADMANS COTTAGE HISTORIC SITE PAUL DAVIES PTY LTD CONSERVATION & LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN FINAL JULY 2007 5.5.6 Environment Planning and Assessment Regulation 1980 115 5.5.7 NSW National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 115 5.5.8 Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority 116 5.5.9 Aboriginal Lands Rights Act 1983 117 5.5.10 Disability Discrimination Act 1992 117 5.5.11 National Trust of Australia NSW 117 5.5.12 Cadmans Cottage Site Plan of Management 117 5.5.13 Parks and Wildlife Division Policy and Management 118 5.5.14 BCA 118 5.5.15 OHS 118 5.6 Constraints Issues and Opportunities Arising from Physical Condition 118 of Cadmans Cottage 5.6.1 Access 118 5.6.2 Vandalism 119 5.6.3 Maintenance 119 5.6.4 Significant Fabric 119 5.6.5 Safety 120 5.6.6 Archaeology 120 5.6.7 Location 120 5.6.8 NPWS Ownership and Management 120 6.0 Rationale for Landscape Policies and Recommendations 121 6.1 Background 121 6.2 Constraints Arising from Curtilage 121 6.3 Significance of Landscape 121 6.4 Interpretation of Opportunities Arising from Significance 122 6.5 Landscape Options for Forecourt 122 7.0 Policy 126 7.1 Preamble 126 7.2 Vision Statement 126 7.3 Use 127 7.4 Fabric 131 7.5 Maintenance 135 7.6 Archaeology 138 7.6.1 Background 138 7.6.2 Management of Archaeological Resources 139 7.6.3 Further Information 140 7.6.4 Cadmans Cottage Historic Site Archaeological Zoning Plan 140 7.7 Interpretation 144 7.8 Vistas and Views 145 7.9 New Work 145 7.10 Procedural Requirement 146 7.10.1 Archival Records 146 7.10.2 Statutory Approval 146 7.10.3 Conservation Management 147 7.11 Movable Heritage 148 7.12 Leasing 148 7.13 Consultation 149 7.14 Security 149 CADMANS COTTAGE HISTORIC SITE PAUL DAVIES PTY LTD CONSERVATION & LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN FINAL JULY 2007 Bibliography 150 VOLUME 2 Appendices 152 Appendix 1 Chronological History of Built Fabric 153 Appendix 2 NSW Heritage Office Inventory Sheet 198 Appendix 3 David Young Conservation of the Fabric Report 202 Appendix 4 Standard Exemptions 203 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared by PAUL DAVIES Pty Ltd in good faith exercising all due care and attention, but no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made as to the relevance, accuracy, completeness or fitness for purpose of this document in respect of any particular user’s circumstances. Users of this document should satisfy themselves concerning its application to, and where necessary seek expert advice in respect of, their situation. The views expressed within are not necessarily the views of the Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) and may not represent OEH policy. © Copyright State of NSW and the Office of Environment and Heritage CADMANS COTTAGE HISTORIC SITE PAUL DAVIES PTY LTD CONSERVATION & LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN FINAL JULY 2007 Executive Summary Cadmans Cottage Historic Site is located at 110 George Street at the corner of George and Argyle Streets, The Rocks, Sydney on the western shore of Circular Quay. It occupies 0.093 hectares of land between George and Quay Streets and is bounded by Bligh Park to the south and the Sydney Sailors Home site to the north. The site today comprises a two-storey Georgian sandstone cottage building with a shingle roof. There are currently two rooms to the lower level (one contained in an annex to the south), and the upper floor has been partitioned to provide office space and toilet facilities. The site is owned by Parks and Wildlife Division (PWD) of Division of Department and Environment and Climate Change (DECC). It was gazetted as a Historic Site under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1967 in 1972. It is managed by Harbour North Area. This Conservation Management Plan and Landscape Plan (CMP) has been commissioned to develop strategies, guidelines and actions for the conservation of heritage significance of the site. The CMP is a guiding document for the management and future use of Cadmans Cottage. The CMP has determined the cultural significance of Cadmans Cottage and provides policies that direct the future management, adaptive re-use, new works and interpretation of the site. The CMP for Cadmans Cottage historic Site has been designed to inform the Plan of Management which regulates the management of the site. Conflicts between the CMP and Plan of Management (PoM) have been identified and resolved in co- ordination with DECC and highlighted within the report. The focus of this plan has been to bring into one document the extensive work that has been undertaken previously on this site that includes research, conservation management plans, archaeological studies, maintenance studies and range of other material. The plan addresses missing areas from previous reports and has developed policy for future uses, possible adaptation of the building and interpretation. It includes guidelines for adaptive re-use, new works allowed on site and addresses cultural tourism/educational opportunities. The approach adopted in the preparation of the CMP has been a ‘whole-of-landscape’ approach with regard to the identification and assessment of historic, pre-contact Aboriginal and natural values. Significance assessment has been guided by a cultural landscape approach to understanding the values of the place within its wider environmental/biogeographical, historic and social setting. The vision and policy formulation for the site are in line with the Plan of Management for Cadmans Cottage and strongly highlight social/community values. Cadmans Cottage Historic Site is identified in this CMP as a place of state cultural significance as it demonstrates the evolution of Sydney Cove and of Sydney itself. It is the oldest surviving building in The Rocks and the third oldest in the city. Cadmans Cottage Historic Site has a long history of association with government maritime administration. It has potential for historical and archaeological research and illustrates the growing concern during this century for the protection of the built environment and changing historic management practises. The overriding vision of this Conservation Management Plan looks to recover some of the extraordinary status of the Cadmans Cottage Historic Site as the City of Sydney’s earliest surviving cottage, to re-establish the place as ‘must visit’ location in the Rocks and Circular Quay, to retain the significant fabric of the place and to interpret its role in the life of Sydney. The vision requires change to the place and co-operation and co-ordination with adjacent landowners and managers. The future of Cadmans Cottage is linked to developing a use or uses for the building and surrounding site that allow it to: - be identified within the quickly developing Rocks precinct as a place of very high heritage value - be publically accessible - regain its more informal and more residential character and setting - recover some of the areas of lost significance such as the garden and some of the building additions that were removed during the 1970s restoration work - be seen as a place within an historic setting that provides an understanding of how the building and site related to the early Sydney Cove and how it related to surrounding development particularly the adjacent dockyard site, over time - retain and conserve the remaining significant fabric and elements of the place However Cadmans Cottage site is a difficult and somewhat diminished place within the Rocks precinct and the foreshore of the harbour.