1749 – 36-50 Cumberland Street, the Rocks Heritage Impact Statement November 2017
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1749 – 36-50 Cumberland Street, The Rocks Heritage Impact Statement November 2017 1749 – 36-50 CUMBERLAND STREET THE ROCKS – HERITAGE IMPACT STATEMENT Document Control Version Date Status Author Verification 01 04.10.17 Draft Jennifer Hill Elizabeth Gibson Director, Registered Architect 4811 Associate, Senior Consultant 02 13.11.17 Draft Jennifer Hill Elizabeth Gibson Director, Registered Architect 4811 Associate, Senior Consultant 03 26.11.17 Final Jennifer Hill Elizabeth Gibson Director, Registered Architect 4811 Associate, Senior Consultant 04 27.11.17 Final Jennifer Hill Elizabeth Gibson Director, Registered Architect 4811 Associate, Senior Consultant © COPYRIGHT This report is copyright of Architectural Projects Pty Ltd and was prepared specifically for the owners of the site. It shall not be used for any other purpose and shall not be transmitted in any form without the written permission of the authors. © Architectural Projects Pty Limited : 1749_HIS_v04r13_20171127_ai.docx 1749 | 36-50 CUMBERLAND STREET THE ROCKS CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 5 1.1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 5 1.2. SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL CONTEXT ................................................................ 5 1.3. SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL CONTEXT ................................................................... 6 1.4. THE PROPOSAL .................................................................................................. 6 1.5. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ........................................................................... 7 1.6. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ..................................... 7 1.7. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................... 7 2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 9 2.1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 9 2.2. OUTLINE OF TASKS REQUIRED TO BE UNDERTAKE IN THE BRIEF ......................... 9 2.3. DEFINITION OF THE STUDY AREA ....................................................................... 9 2.4. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 9 2.5. LIMITATIONS ..................................................................................................... 9 2.6. IDENTIFICATION OF AUTHORS ......................................................................... 10 2.7. EXTENT OF SEARCHES ...................................................................................... 10 3. DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE .......................................................................................... 11 3.1. TIMELINE OF THE SIRIUS SITE AND BUILDING ................................................... 11 3.2. HISTORY OF SITE .............................................................................................. 12 3.3. HISTORICAL THEMES OF THE ROCKS AREA ...................................................... 14 4. PHYSICAL EVIDENCE .................................................................................................... 16 4.1. THE CONTEXT .................................................................................................. 16 4.2. THE SITE AND SETTING .................................................................................... 16 4.3. THE EXISTING BUILDING .................................................................................. 16 4.4. OTHER ASPECTS OF THE SITE ........................................................................... 16 5. ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................... 18 5.1. DEFINITION OF CURTILAGE .............................................................................. 18 5.2. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ......................................................................... 19 5.3. SUMMARY STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ....................................................... 19 6. CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................................. 21 6.1. CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ITEMS IN THE VICINITY OF THE SITE ..................................... 21 6.2. CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES ARISING FROM HERITAGE PLANNING REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................... 21 7. STATEMENT OF CONSERVATION POLICY ....................................................................... 24 8. STATEMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT ............................................................................... 25 8.1. THE PROPOSED SEPP AMENDMENT ................................................................. 25 8.2. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ROCKS CONSERVATION AREA ............. 25 8.3. ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT AGAINST THE HERITAGE POLICIES IN THE INVENTORY SHEET FOR THE ROCKS CONSERVATION AREA .............................. 25 8.4. THE ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT AGAINST THE HERITAGE POLICIES IN THE ROCKS HERITAGE MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................... 26 © Architectural Projects Pty Limited: 1749_HIS_v04r13_20171127_ai.docx 1749 | 36-50 CUMBERLAND STREET THE ROCKS 8.5. ALTERNATE ASSESSMENT OF HERITAGE IMPACT THE HERITAGE OFFICE GUIDELINES ..................................................................................................... 26 8.6. MITIGATION MEASURES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ON THE SITE .................................................................................................... 27 8.7. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................. 27 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................... 28 10. APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... 29 APPENDIX A - HISTORY OF THE SITE ......................................................................... 30 APPENDIX B – HISTORY OF THE BUILDING ................................................................ 38 APPENDIX C – DETAILED SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA ROCKS MANAGEMENT PLAN ....... 41 APPENDIX D – ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................................. 45 © Architectural Projects Pty Limited: 1749_HIS_v04r13_20171127_ai.docx 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1. BACKGROUND Architectural Projects were commissioned by the Department of Planning and Environment to prepare this Heritage Impact Assessment for the proposed State Significant Precinct (SSP) at 36-50 Cumberland Street (Sirius Site) to consider the potential impact any new development may have on heritage items in the vicinity. 1.2. SUMMARY OF HISTORICAL CONTEXT The Sirius Site is located on the traditional land of the Cadigal Aboriginal people. The site was developed from the 1820s. The Rocks traditionally contained larger houses on the ridge that were substantial and well built. By the 1840s the area became a fashionable suburb. Following 1837, town houses similar to those existing in The Rocks area were erected on Bunker’s Hill (east of the site). A number of substantial blocks of townhouses were built at the northern end of Cumberland and Gloucester Streets, none of which remain today. The Myles Buildings (34-38 Cumberland Street), Goodsir’s Buildings (30-32 Cumberland Street) and Young’s Buildings (20-24 Cumberland Street) and Purchase’s single town house (18 Cumberland Street) were constructed. By the 1850s the area had declined considerably. In November 1900 The Rocks Resumption Plan was announced. Most of The Rocks came into public ownership in 1900 following an epidemic of bubonic plague, when lands were resumed by the government and large areas of housing were demolished. An advisory board consisting of Messrs Hickson, Davis and Vernon submitted a scheme for the replanning of the area in 1903, which was the basis for the realignment of streets and redevelopment of The Rocks, which included development of terrace housing and residential flat buildings. Prior to the First World War a limited redevelopment program for housing in The Rocks commenced and continued into the 1920s. Following realignment of Cumberland Street, a number of housing board buildings were erected between 1913-1916. These consisted of bond stores, warehouses and government office buildings such as the Rowan Bond Stores at 36-50 Cumberland Street, and the Ajax Warehouse at 23 George Street North. In January 1915, the first building in Sydney built of reinforced concrete was erected by the Public Works Department at 23 George Street .This occupied the northern part of the site. South of the 23 George Street, and the Ajax building warehouse, the Rowans Bond Store can be seen in a 1930 photo which indicates the construction of arches to the Sydney Harbour Bridge . The construction of Sydney Harbour Bridge (1925—1932) split The Rocks peninsula along its spine and changed the street configuration and housing typology in the area, with the area west of the Sydney Harbour Bridge being identified as Millers Point. In the late 1950s, the construction of the Cahill Expressway across Circular Quay