Millers Point Area, Sydney
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Uneven Development an opportunity or threat to working class neighbourhoods? A case study of The Millers Point Area, Sydney Cameron Byrne 3 0 9 7 5 4 6 c o n t e n t s list of figures . ii list of tables . iii acknowledgements . iv introduction . 5 Chapter One Millers Point -An Historical Background 13 Chapter Two Recent Development . 23 Chapter Three What’s in a neighbourhood? . 39 Chapter Four Location, Location, Location! . 55 Chapter Five Results, discussion and conclusion . 67 bibliography . 79 appendices list of figures Figure 1: Diagram of the Millers Point locality .......................................................................................... 6 Figure 2: View over Millers Point (Argyle Place and Lower Fort Street) from Observatory Hill............... 14 Figure 3: The village green, 1910 .................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 4: The village green, 2007 .................................................................................................................. 16 Figure 5: Aerial view of Sydney, 1937 ........................................................................................................... 18 Figure 6: Local resident, Beverley Sutton ..................................................................................................... 20 Figure 7: Local resident, Colin Tooher .......................................................................................................... 20 Figure 8: High-rise buildings along Kent Street dominate the visual character of High Street .................. 24 Figure 9: Land Uses in Millers Point and Walsh Bay ................................................................................. 26 Figure 10: Approved Residential Development Applications 2004-2007 .................................................... 28 Figure 11: Approved Commercial Development Applications 2004-2007 .................................................. 29 Figure 12: Comparative analysis of residential and commercial development types in Millers Point ....... 30 Figure 13: Luxury apartments on Pier 6/7, Walsh Bay ............................................................................... 31 Figure 14: Luxury apartments, Walsh Bay .................................................................................................. 32 Figure 15: Towns Place, Walsh Bay .............................................................................................................. 32 Figure 16: Existing port uses at Barrangaroo/East Darling Harbour ......................................................... 33 Figure 17: The Bond ...................................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 18: High-rise residential apartments marking Kent Street gateway ................................................ 35 Figure 19: The 5-star Observatory Hotel ...................................................................................................... 36 Figure 20: Port activity in the 1870s ............................................................................................................. 40 Figure 21: Colin Tooher in front of his terrace home ................................................................................... 44 Figure 22: Public housing apartments along Cumberland Street. ............................................................... 44 Figure 23: Change in household incomes by household composition 2001-2006 ....................................... 50 Figure 24: Dwelling Type and Landlord by Dwelling Structure in 2001 .................................................... 51 Figure 25: Dwelling Type and Landlord by Dwelling Structure 2006 ......................................................... 52 Figure 26: Land Ownership in Millers Point and Walsh Bay ...................................................................... 58 Figure 27: Weekly Rent by Landlord Type 2001 .......................................................................................... 61 Figure 28: Weekly Rent by Landlord Type 2006 .......................................................................................... 61 Figure 29: Public housing stock ..................................................................................................................... 63 Figure 30: Adaptive re-use of warehouses and wool stores for commercial uses ........................................ 69 Figure 31: Shop for sale, once a newsagency which served the local community ....................................... 71 Figure 32: 34 Argyle Place, Millers Point. .................................................................................................... 75 list of tables Table 1: Approved residential development applications in Millers Point 2004-2007 ............................. 28 Table 2: Approved commercial development applications in Millers Point 2004-2007 ........................... 29 Table 3: Combined Residential and Commercial development analysis in Millers Point 2004-2007 .... 30 Table 4: Household Income by Household Composition 2001 ................................................................. 49 Table 5: Household Income by Household Composition 2006 ................................................................. 49 Table 6: Dwelling Type and Landlord by Dwelling Structure in 2001 ..................................................... 51 Table 7: Dwelling Type and Landlord by Dwelling Structure 2006 ......................................................... 52 Table 8: Weekly rent by landlord type 2001 and 2006 .............................................................................. 60 acknowledgements Before I show my gratitude to all the individuals who made this thesis possible, I would like to acknowledge the Cadigal clan, who are traditional owners of the inner city Sydney region in which this thesis is based . I would like to thank the following people for assisting me throughout the process of writing this thesis . Firstly, to my thesis advisor, Associate Professor, Bob Zehner . Thank you for your patience and guidance over the last semester . I am thankful for all the time that you have dedicated to helping me write a thesis I am proud of . To my interviewees, thank you for your input . Without it, this thesis would not have been possible . To Andrew Lynch, thank you so much for all of your input, patience and selflessness . Your kindness and willingness to help others is greatly appreciated . To my family, I dedicate my thesis to you . I am so thankful to have a family that has supported me through everything I have ever done in life and has always encouraged me to ‘think big ’. And finally, to my partner, Carla Mamaril . I will never forget how much you have helped me during the writing of this thesis . I will be forever grateful for all that you have done to make the final product of this thesis something that I am very proud of . Your patience, kindness and support, has been inspiring . Cameron Byrne, 2007 v introduction The Significance of Millers Point ‘One aspect of human needs is the urge to discover our roots and origins . We need a cultural heritage to provide explanation and meaning, as to why we are living our lives in the style we do today’ . (Chin, 2002 p .372) The above statement highlights the need for people to understand their existence by connecting with their past to discover their origins . The key word in this instance is ‘connection ’. The neighbourhood and community of Millers Point connect people with Sydney’s origins in several ways, however this is most evident and appreciated in the range of historic architecture present in the area, some of which dates from as far back as the 1810s . The Millers Point precinct itself is located at the northern end of Sydney’s Central Business District, behind the waterfront of Walsh Bay . Millers Point occupies the north-western peninsula of Sydney Cove and is situated immediately west of the southern end of the Sydney Harbour Bridge . Bound by the Sydney Harbour Bridge in the east, Millers Point is separated from the commercial/tourist precinct of The Rocks, allowing it to maintain its residential village character . It provides a unique connection with the past, allowing a glimpse of the lifestyles and housing styles of Australia’s colonial ancestors . “Together these precincts share an architectural landscape containing buildings and civic spaces’ dating from the 1830’s and are considered to be of outstanding state and national significance; as residential and commercial precincts have remained substantially intact ”. (Davies, 2007 p .147) Furthermore, “buildings from every decade between 1810 and 1930 can be found within the boundaries of Millers Point making the area a unique record of Australian Urban life ”. (Beamer, 20 June 2003) Millers Point is remembered for the working class culture from which it has originated . The area developed from a mercantile economy (McGuirk & Waitt 1996, p .15) which was supported by a resident working class of ‘wharfies ’. The establishment of Sydney as a port city contributed heavily to the growth of Millers Point into a working class neighbourhood . Uneven Development: An opportunity or threat to working class neighbourhoods? A case study of Millers Point, Sydney Figure 1: Diagram of the Millers Point locality (Source: Davies, 2007, Fig 1.1) introduction The working class