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Contested Territorialities in Millers and Dawes Points, Sydney, Australia

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Contested Territorialities in Millers and Dawes Points, Sydney, Australia Contested Territorialities in Millers and Dawes Points, Sydney, Australia Helen Karathomas A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science University of New South Wales September 2015 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES - Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname: Karathomas First name: Helen Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty: Science Title: Contested Territorialities in Millers and Dawes Points, Sydney, Australia. Abstract (350 words maximum): Millers and Dawes Points are two harbour side, inner city suburbs of Sydney that have been subject to contests over space. Because of Millers and Dawes Points’ histories, the area contains some of Sydney’s oldest residential housing. More recently, certain areas within Millers and Dawes Points have experienced residential and commercial gentrification. This thesis extends existing gentrification studies through a middle range framework, which includes the concepts of ‘territoriality’, ‘sense of place’ and ‘placelessness’. This theoretical framework increases our understandings of the changes occurring in local areas. Nestled within the suburbs of Millers and Dawes Points are pockets of social housing occupied by residents who are dubbed the ‘traditional community’. The traditional community live cheek by jowl with some of the area’s wealthier residents who reside in the suburbs’ ‘privatopias’ (McKenzie 1994, 9). These wealthier residents are gentrifiers who I have labelled as the ‘new community’ in this thesis. This thesis identifies how these communities have developed distinct senses of and attachments to place that have been constructed and manifested within Millers and Dawes Points’ complex and contested terrain. The recent sales of social housing in Millers and Dawes Points as well as the local ‘Barangaroo’ redevelopment are explored as an exemplar of territorialisation. Using territoriality theory (Sack 1986), this thesis describes how different stakeholder groups have enacted acts of territorialisation to gain control of this urban space. These enactors of territoriality included the New South Wales state government, residents of the new community and other commercial corporations. This thesis is also concerned with how these acts of territoriality have posed a threat to the traditional community and the senses of place experienced by its members. In particular, the outcomes of these territorial actions were causing members of the traditional community to feel increasingly ‘placeless’. This thesis presents evidence from the residents of Millers and Dawes Points showing that although residents have not been passive recipients of the changes occurring within their suburbs, the politics of resisting these changes has been difficult. Declaration relating to disposition of project thesis/dissertation I hereby grant to the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all property rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstracts International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). …………………………………… …………………………………… .……………………...……. Signature Witness Date The University recognises that there may be exceptional circumstances requiring restrictions on copying or conditions on use. Requests for restriction for a period of up to 2 years must be made in writing. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circumstances and require the approval of the Dean of Graduate Research. FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Date of completion of requirements for Award: i ABSTRACT Millers and Dawes Points are two harbour side, inner city suburbs of Sydney with cultural and historical significance. As an economically valuable and culturally significant part of inner Sydney, Millers and Dawes Points have been subject to contests over space. Because of Millers and Dawes Points’ histories, the area contains some of Sydney’s oldest residential housing. More recently, certain areas within Millers and Dawes Points have experienced residential and commercial gentrification. Nestled within these suburbs are pockets of social housing occupied by residents who, for the purposes of this thesis, I have dubbed the ‘traditional community’. Many of these residents have ancestral lineages extending back to the individuals who worked in a variety of occupations on the now glamorous wharves during Sydney’s maritime period (c. 1850-1920). The residents of the traditional community live cheek by jowl with some of the area’s wealthier residents who reside in the suburbs’ ‘privatopias’ (McKenzie 1994, 9). These wealthier residents are gentrifiers who I have labelled as the ‘new community’ in this thesis. Although residents of the traditional and new communities reside within the same two suburbs, they have developed connections and attachments to the places around them in different ways. This thesis identifies two broad trends that can be summarised as two distinct senses of and attachments to place that have been constructed and manifested within Millers and Dawes Points’ complex and contested terrain. While Millers and Dawes Points have historically experienced many contests over space, the recent sales of social housing in these suburbs are explored as an exemplar of territorialisation. Using territoriality theory (Sack 1986), this thesis describes how different stakeholder groups have enacted acts of territorialisation to gain control of this urban space. In this location, I have identified various stakeholders that have performed acts of territoriality to execute their visions for this part of inner Sydney. These enactors of territoriality included the New South Wales state government (that controls much of this urban space and in particular, is the overseeing body in charge of social housing), residents of the new community and other commercial corporations. This thesis has extended this analysis of territorialisation to include the current redevelopment of a 22-hectare brownfield site that sits adjacent to Millers and Dawes Points, now known as ‘Barangaroo’, because the ii redevelopment of this precinct has been of great significance to the traditional and new communities. This thesis is also concerned with how these acts of territoriality have posed a threat to the traditional community and the senses of place experienced by its members. In particular, the outcomes of these territorial actions were causing members of the traditional community to feel increasingly ‘placeless’. This thesis presents evidence from the residents of Millers and Dawes Points showing that although residents have not been passive recipients of the changes occurring within their suburbs (including the Barangaroo redevelopment), the politics of resisting these changes has been difficult. In this thesis, I demonstrate how the forces of territoriality have limited the abilities of Millers and Dawes Points’ residents, and in particular the traditional community, to resist the transformations occurring within this unique Sydney location. The battles of territoriality unfolding in Millers and Dawes Points are synonymous with the contemporary contests of place that can be found in other global cities, particularly with waterfront locations, such as in London and New York. However, Millers and Dawes Points provide a particularly rich and important case study because its traditional community maintain significant ties to the colonial settlement of Sydney. This thesis provides an account of the rapidly reconfiguring geographies of Millers and Dawes Points and the territorial contests of place that have unfolded. Millers and Dawes Points provide an important geographic example of deeply rooted histories colliding with the changing needs and values in the rapidly developing global city of Sydney. iii ORIGINALITY STATEMENT ‘I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.’ Signed …………………………………………….............. Date …………………………………………….............. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Wendy Shaw, for her invaluable guidance and expert advice while undertaking this thesis. Your help and willingness to share your knowledge have been greatly appreciated. I have endless gratitude for my parents and their patience, support and understanding over the years. I may not often express how
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