HSTR 353.01: Modern France
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World War I Concept Learning Outline Objectives
AP European History: Period 4.1 Teacher’s Edition World War I Concept Learning Outline Objectives I. Long-term causes of World War I 4.1.I.A INT-9 A. Rival alliances: Triple Alliance vs. Triple Entente SP-6/17/18 1. 1871: The balance of power of Europe was upset by the decisive Prussian victory in the Franco-Prussian War and the creation of the German Empire. a. Bismarck thereafter feared French revenge and negotiated treaties to isolate France. b. Bismarck also feared Russia, especially after the Congress of Berlin in 1878 when Russia blamed Germany for not gaining territory in the Balkans. 2. In 1879, the Dual Alliance emerged: Germany and Austria a. Bismarck sought to thwart Russian expansion. b. The Dual Alliance was based on German support for Austria in its struggle with Russia over expansion in the Balkans. c. This became a major feature of European diplomacy until the end of World War I. 3. Triple Alliance, 1881: Italy joined Germany and Austria Italy sought support for its imperialistic ambitions in the Mediterranean and Africa. 4. Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty, 1887 a. It promised the neutrality of both Germany and Russia if either country went to war with another country. b. Kaiser Wilhelm II refused to renew the reinsurance treaty after removing Bismarck in 1890. This can be seen as a huge diplomatic blunder; Russia wanted to renew it but now had no assurances it was safe from a German invasion. France courted Russia; the two became allies. Germany, now out of necessity, developed closer ties to Austria. -
The United States Versus Germany (1891-1910)
Illinois Wesleyan University Digital Commons @ IWU Honors Projects History Department 5-1995 Quest for Empire: The United States Versus Germany (1891-1910) Jennifer L. Cutsforth '95 Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/history_honproj Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Cutsforth '95, Jennifer L., "Quest for Empire: The United States Versus Germany (1891-1910)" (1995). Honors Projects. 28. https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/history_honproj/28 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. ~lAY 12 1991 Quest For Empi re: The Uni ted states Versus Germany (1891 - 1910) Jenn1fer L. Cutsforth Senlor Research Honors Project -- Hlstory May 1995 • Quest for Emp1re: The Un1ted states versus Germany Part I: 1891 - 1900 German battleships threaten American victory at Man'ila! United States refuses to acknowledge German rights in Samoa! Germany menaces the Western Hemispherel United States reneges on agreement to support German stand at Morocco! The age of imperi aIi sm prompted head 1ines I" ke these in both American and German newspapers at the turn of the century, Although little contact took place previously between the two countries, the diplomacy which did exist had been friendly in nature. -
The American Attitude Toward the First Moroccan Crisis and the Algeciras Conference Betty Mullen Loyola University Chicago
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1952 The American Attitude Toward the First Moroccan Crisis and the Algeciras Conference Betty Mullen Loyola University Chicago Recommended Citation Mullen, Betty, "The American Attitude Toward the First Moroccan Crisis and the Algeciras Conference" (1952). Master's Theses. Paper 1174. http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1174 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1952 Betty Mullen THE AMEllIOAlf ATTItuDE TOWARD TIlE FIRST MOROCCAN CRISIS AliI> T.8E ALGECIRAS COI'FERENOB by Betty 111111_ A Thesls Submitted to the Faoulty of the Graduate Sohool of Loyola University in Partial Fulflll.eut of the Requlrements to'l! the Degr.. of Dner ot Arts June 1952 ... LIFE Betty Mullen wal born in Chicago,. 111inoi8, May 11, 1926 • She waa graduated tram St. Thoma. the Apostle High School, Chicago, IlUDOis, June, 1944, and from Rosary College, River Foreat, Illinois, June, 1948, with the degree ot Baohelor of Arta. From 1948 to 1952 the author taught History at Visitation High ~chool, Chioago, Illinois. During this period she took courses in History ~t Loyola University. 11 TABLE OF COITENTS Chapter Page I. A BACKGROUND STUDY OF THE MOROCCAN SITUATION. • • • • • • • • • 1 Importance ot Moroeco--Al1gnment of the Great Powers and the Seoret Treaties. -
Spain's Part in the 1906 Algeciras Conference
Spain’s Part in the 1906 Algeciras Conference: Internationalisation of the Moroccan Question and the Interests of Spain Carlos Jiménez Piernas Millán Requena Casanova Professor of Public International Law Associate Lecturer of Public and International Relations International Law and International University of Alcalá Relations University of Alicante I. The Historical Context and the Lead-up to the Conference 1. Background 2. Preliminaries. Spain’s Role in the Preparatory Stages of the Conference II. The Algeciras International Conference, 1906 1. Spanish Participation A) Composition of the Spanish Delegation B) Instructions C) The course of the Conference and Spain’s part in the settlement of the main issues D) Results: the General Act of the Algeciras Conference 2. The attitude of the political parties and public opinion to the Conference III. Conclusions I. THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND THE LEAD-UP TO THE CONFERENCE The centenary of the Algeciras International Conference of 1906 is an excellent occasion on which to analyse the results and repercussions of the meeting of representatives of various European powers in that town to resolve the so-called “Moroccan question”, meaning the sharing-out of its territory which European imperialism had identifi ed as its immediate objective at the beginning of the 20th century. We shall look particularly at the part played by Spain at this Conference in order to gauge the extent of its participation in the settlement of the colonial confl ict that had arisen in connection with Morocco and the international crisis that 1 Spanish Yearbook of International Law, Volume XII, 2008 © 2008 Koninklijke Brill NV. -
Conflict and Tension 1894 – 1918
Conflict and tension 1894 – 1918 Wider world depth study Revision workbook Acklam Grange History department 60 minutes 4 questions to answer. Total of 44 marks. Q1. This source supports …….How do you know? 4 marks Q2.How useful are sources B and C ……..12 marks Q3. Write an account of a crisis………8 marks Q4.The main reason for………was….How far do you agree? 16 marks + 4 SPaG Author: Mrs G Galloway Name: What you need to know Part One – The causes of the First World War The Alliance system including: The Triple Alliance, the Franco – Russian Alliance and the relations between the Entente powers. The crises in Morocco and the Balkans (1905 – 1912) and their effects on international relations. Britain and the challenges to splendid isolation. Kaiser Wilhelm’s aims in foreign policy, including Weltpolitik. Colonial tensions European rearmament, including the Anglo-German naval race. Slav nationalism and relations between Serbia and Austria- Hungary The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo and its consequences The July crisis Timeline 1870 Franco-Prussian war. France was defeated. Germany as a country was created. Alsace and Lorraine were taken from France. To try and protect Germany from a revenge attack by France Germany entered into an alliance with Austria- Hungary and Italy (Triple Alliance) Early 1900s Anglo-German naval race. 1906 Britain launches the HMS Dreadnought. All countries in Europe also building up their arms 1905 First Moroccan Crisis – led to the humiliation of the Kaiser and the creation of the Triple Entente between Britain, France and Russia. Although not intended as a military alliance Germany felt threatened as it was surrounded by hostile neighbours. -
U.S. Senate's Disclaimer to the Algeciras Treaty, 1906
THlE STATUTES AT LARGE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FROM DECEMBER, 1905, TO MARC.H, 1907 CONCURRENT RESOLUTIONS OF, THE TWO HOUSES OF CONGRESS AND RECENT TREATIES, CONVENTIONS, AND EXECUTIVE PROCLAMATIONS EDITED, PRINTED, AIAD PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF CONGRESS UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE VOL. XXXIV-IN THREE PARTS PART 3 Recent Treaties, Conventions, and Proclamations INDEX WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1907 2946 GENERAL ACT-MOROCCO. APRIL 7, 1906. Pour la Grande-Bretagne: For Great Britain: [L. s.] A. NICOLSON. [L. s.] A. NICOLSON Pour I'Italie: For Italy: [L. s.] VISCONTI VENOSTA. [L. s.] VISCONTI VENOSTA [L. s.] G. MALMUSI. [L. S.] G. MALMUSI For Morocco: Pour les Pays-Bas: For the Netherlands:- [L. s.] H. TESTA. [L, S.] H. TESTA Pour le Portugal: For Portugal: IL. S.] CONDE DE TOVAR. [L S.] CONDE DE TOVAR [L. S.] CONDE DE MARTENS [L. s.] CONDE DR MARTENS FEIIRAO. FERRAO Pour la Russie: For Russia: [L. s.] CASSINI. [L. S.] CASSINI [L. s.] BASILE BASHERA6HT. [L. s.] BASILE DE BACHERACHT Pour la Suede: For Sweden:' [L. s.] ROBERT SAGER. [L. S.] ROBERT SAGER Pour copie certifi6e conforme, Le Sous-Secr6taire d'Etat, [SEAL] E. DE OJEDA Preamble. And whereas the said General Act and Additional Protocol were signed by the Plenipotentiaries of the United States of America under reservation of the following declaration: Disclaimer of polit- "The Government of the United States of America, having no ical interest by United States. political interest in Morocco and no desire or purpose having animated it to take part -
Packet Assigned: Wednesday 3/1 Packet Due: Tuesday 3/14
Packet Assigned: Wednesday 3/1 Name:_____________________________________ Ms. Raia Packet Due: Tuesday 3/14 AP European History / Sec:____ Date:_________ World War I and the Russian Revolution Chapter 26 The purpose of these packets are to help with memorization, reading comprehension and retention as well as with analysis. Remember, the effort and time you put into your work is what you will get out of it on exams, class activities and especially on the AP exam in May. You are to come to class having done the work. By the end of the unit you will be able to define the following: Triple Alliance Gavirlo Princip Total War February Revolution Russian-German Reinsurance Treaty The Black Hand Georges Clemenceau Rasptuin Anglo-Japanese Alliance Western Front Zimmerman Telegram Provisional government Entente Cordial Schlieffen Plan Balfour Note Alexander Kerensky Anglo-German Arms Race Battle of the Marne Woodrow Wilson Petrograd Soviet Triple Entente Trench Warfare Fourteen Points Moscow Bertha von Suttner Battle of Verdun Self Determination Petrograd Dreadnoughts Battle of the Somme Meuse – Argonne offensive Army Order No. 1 Kruger Telegram Erich Remarque Paris Peace Conference April Thesis Algeciras Conference Eastern Front Big Four Kornilov Affair S econd Moroccan Crisis General Hindenburg Versailles Treaty October Revolution “Sick man of Europe” General Ludendorf Article 231 Politburo Pan-Slavism Treaty of Brest-Litovsk League of Nations Red Army Young Turks Gallipoli Campaign John Maynard Keynes Cheka First Balkan Crisis Lawrence of Arabia Easter Rebellion Communist Party First Balkan War British Naval Blockade Vladimir Lenin Russian Civil War Second Balkan War Lusitania Mensheviks Reds Third Balkan War unrestricted submarine warfare Bolsheviks Whites Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archangel expedition Leon Trotsky War communism Take time to reflect and comprehensively answer the following questions. -
The French Communist Party and the Comintern
WILLIAM A. HOISINGTON.JR CLASS AGAINST CLASS: THE FRENCH COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE COMINTERN A STUDY OF ELECTION TACTICS IN 1928 Since the 1930's the French Communist party has faithfully endorsed the policy decisions of the Soviet Union, oftentimes despite disagree- ment with major Soviet pronouncements.1 In the 1920's, however, the French Communist leadership was divided over the appropriateness of Soviet instructions on matters that appeared to many French Com- munists clearly within the exclusive domain of the French party. The intrusion of the Comintern, the Soviet-dominated international Communist organization, into the pre-campaign discussion of the tactics for the 1928 elections to the French national assembly forced French Communists to re-examine their goals, their position in French politics, and their relationship with the Soviet Union. The decisions of the French party leaders, made amid what was perhaps the last animated and freewheeling public party debate, determined the party's relationship with the USSR for a full forty years. The disagreement over election tactics originated in the concern of a Comintern official for the politics and posture of the French party. Jules Humbert-Droz, director of the Comintern's Latin Secretariat and Comintern representative to the French party congress at Lille in June 1926, was alarmed at the efforts of French Communists to reach election agreements with members of the Socialist party.2 To Humbert - 1 The French Communist party's criticism of the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, East Germany, Hungary, and Poland was a rare example of infidelity. See The New York Times, August 22, 1968. -
Gender, Fascism and Right-Wing in France Between the Wars: the Catholic Matrix Magali Della Sudda
Gender, Fascism and Right-Wing in France between the wars: the Catholic matrix Magali Della Sudda To cite this version: Magali Della Sudda. Gender, Fascism and Right-Wing in France between the wars: the Catholic matrix. Politics, Religion and Ideology, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2012, 13 (2), pp.179-195. 10.1080/21567689.2012.675706. halshs-00992324 HAL Id: halshs-00992324 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00992324 Submitted on 23 Mar 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. « Gender, Fascism and the Right-Wing in France between the Wars: The Catholic Matrix » M. Della Sudda, « Gender, Fascism and the Right-Wing in France between the Wars: The Catholic Matrix » Julie V. Gottlieb (Ed.) “Gender and Fascism”, Totalitarian Movements and Political Religion, vol.13, issue 2, pp.179-195. Key words: Gender; the French Far Right A French Aversion to Research into Gender and Fascism? While it has been some time since European historiography opened up the field of Gender and Fascism, French historiography seems to be an exception. Since the pioneering work into Nazi Germany and the Fascist regime in Italy,1 use of the gender perspective has allowed women’s academic focus to shift towards other objects of study. -
Fascism in Europe, 1919-1945
Fascism in Europe, 1919–1945 ‘An excellent brief survey of fascism which treats all the major themes and problems, and is highly recommended.’ Stanley Payne, University of Wisconsin-Madison ‘The first book which makes the era of fascism as a whole fully intelligible to the student and the general reader.’ Roger Griffin, Oxford Brookes University Fascism in Europe, 1919–1945 surveys the elusive and controversial phenom- enon which is still the object of interest and debate over fifty years after its defeat in the Second World War. It introduces recent scholarship and continuing debates on the nature of fascism as well as often contentious con- tributions by foreign historians and political scientists. From the pre-First World War intellectual origins of fascism to its demise in 1945, this book examines: • the two ‘waves’ of fascism – in the period immediately following the First World War and in the late 1920s and early 1930s; • whether the European crisis created by the Treaty of Versailles allowed fascism to take root; • why fascism came to power in Italy and Germany, but not anywhere else in Europe; • fascism’s own claim to be an international and internationalist move- ment; • the idea of ‘totalitarianism’ as the most useful and appropriate way of analysing the fascist regimes. With a timeline of key dates, maps, illustrations, a glossary and a guide to further reading, Fascism in Europe, 1919–1945 is an invaluable introduction to this fascinating political movement and ideology. Philip Morgan is Senior Lecturer in Contemporary European History at the University of Hull. His previous publications include Italian Fascism, 1919–1945 (1995) and Italy, 1915–1940 (1998). -
How Did Imperial Rivalry Contribute to the Outbreak of War?
How did Imperial Rivalry contribute to the outbreak of War? L/O – To consider how imperialism led to increasing tension between the two alliances Definitions The Race for Colonies • In 1914, many people lived in colonies ruled by one the Great Powers. • Colonies provided European nations with cheap raw materials for industry and also a place where the Europeans could sell their home- produced goods. • Between 1750-1900, Britain took over £1000 million in tax and goods from its empire. • Some colonies were important as military or trading bases such as Egypt due to the Suez Canal. German Threat • Britain and France both had huge overseas empires which made them rich and powerful. As such, they were determined to protect their colonies from any country which threatened them. • Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1901 said he wanted Germany to also have what he called ‘its place in the sun’. He felt that Germany was hemmed in, encircled by the threat of France and Britain. • Britain and France knew that any gains Germany made would be at their expense. So, as Germany became more threatening, Britain and France became friendlier to help each other resist German expansion. Exam Question Source A A British cartoon showing Kaiser Wilhelm. The Caption reads, ‘The Glutton – too hard’. • Give 3 statements that could be inferred from Source A about British views on German imperial ambitions (3 marks) The Morocco (Tangier) Crisis - 1905 • In 1904, Britain & France signed the Entente Cordiale which committed them to work together. Kaiser Wilhelm II decided to test how strong that agreement was. -
Peace Events of the 20Th and 21St Centuries*
Peace Events of the 20th and 21st Centuries* The 20th century witnessed the most destructive wars in human history. Perhaps as many as twenty- five million people died and countless others were wounded; millions more suffered from famine, plague, dislocation, devastation and all the other hardships war can bring. Yet the 20th century also saw the most concerted efforts ever attempted to limit and even prevent war, to constrain arms proliferation, to advance peaceful means of resolving conflicts, to protect human rights, to prosecute war crimes, to prevent genocide, and to promote peace. Listed below in chronological order are some of the more important measures undertaken during the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century in the ongoing worldwide struggle to achieve these goals. Included in the listing are such disparate events as efforts to create global and regional international bodies and other mechanisms for the peaceful resolution of disputes and conflicts; major armistices which sought not only to end wars but also promote lasting peace; treaties and other agreements meant to halt or control the spread and use of weapons, especially weapons of mass destruction; establishment of international standards to promote human rights and discourage crimes and other atrocities against nationalities, civilians, prisoners and combatants; and other significant events intended in one way or another to promote peace or oppose war. Treaties proposed more to end specific conflicts than propose a systemic and lasting peace are generally not included. Many of the treaties and other documents for which links are provided are available from more than one source.