Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 593 26.3.2009 9:05am

Index

1940 system 303, 521 , George 149 1955 system 540 akogare (yearning for America) 272 2–26 Incident 165, 249, 250, 537 Akutagawa Prize 197–8 Akutagawa Ryu¯nosuke 197–8 abacus 119 Aldous, Christopher 274 Abe Shinzo¯ 337 Aleutian Islands 414 Abe Tsunehisa 435 alienation, social 199, 203, 326 abortion 94, 95, 317, 319, 374, 381, 483 Allen, G. C. 173 academies, private 101, 102, 104, 111, Allison, Anne 380, 465 114, 132, 513 All- Women’s Suffrage Congress 377 Administered Mass Organizations 255 Alperovitz, Gar 255 administrative guidance 504 Altaic languages 16 Adolphson, Mikael 42 Amano Ikuo 176 adoption 366n24 107, 159, 353 adultery 354, 355, 358, 359, 362, 395 Americanism 202, 418 advertising 193, 320, 321, 328, 339n33, Amida Buddha 55 461, 465 Amino Yoshihiko 426–7, 428, 429, 430–1, aesthetics 107, 190, 196, 460, 461, 465–7, 436, 480 473 amphetamines 269 Afghanistan 335, 339 Amur River Society 535 Africa 226, 228, 328, 340 anarchism 162, 375, 536 age composition 317, 318 anatomy 107 agrarianism 480 Anderson, Benedict 144, 147 agriculture 18, 19–20,COPYRIGHTED 89–90, 92, 173, Anglo-Japanese MATERIAL alliance 208 179–80, 228, 229, 230, 306, 307, Anglo-Japanese relations 211, 212–13 325, 340, 376, 380, 392, 443, 444, 324, 416, 460, 467, 469, 470, 471, 445, 446, 449–50, 452, 453, 454 518 growth rates 179–80 Incident 36 see also rural Japan Annales school 436 Ainu 14, 16, 17, 72, 92, 178, 210, 436, 437 anthropology 14, 23, 145, 398, 540 Ainu language 17 anti- 344–5 Aizawa Seishisai 530, 537 anti-monopoly laws 301 akarui seikatsu (bright life) 321 Aoki Ryo¯ichi 487 Akera Kanko¯ 133 Arai Hakuseki 76, 104 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 594 26.3.2009 9:05am

594 INDEX

Arakawa River 449 atrocities, wartime 212, 228, 241, 252, 256, Araki Moriaki 430 418 Araki Sadao 251 Aum Shinrikyo¯ 317, 326 Arakida Reijo (Rei) 133, 373 Auslin, Michael 148, 208 13–23, 25n75, 425 Australia 337, 342 architecture, domestic 192 Austronesian languages 16 area studies 293–4 authoritarianism 166, 168, 210, 246 Ariizumi Sadao 435 Auto Workers’ Federation 500 ‘‘Arirang’’ 469 automobile industry 504 Arisawa Hiromi 246, 301 aviation, naval 251–2 Arishima Takeo 191 Awa Maru 215 aristocracy 30, 41, 268, 273, 352, 358, 390, Axis powers 248, 249, 250 398, 465–6 Ayukawa Yoshisuke (Gisuke) 213, 246 Ariyama Teruo 145 Azuchi castle 117 Ariyoshi Sawako 318, 487 army, Japanese 157, 159, 160, 165–6, 210, Baba Tsunego 165 211, 213, 226, 248, 251, 252 Bank for International Settlements 309 arsenals 182, 183 302, 307 art 43, 44, 62, 190, 270, 324, 373, 411, banking 90, 230, 243, 269, 300, 304, 305, 461, 467 306, 307, 486 Article 9 335, 336, 339 bankruptcies 306, 308 artisans 390, 496 barley 478 Asada Sadao 211, 213, 254 Barnhart, Michael 211 Asai Ryo¯i 128 Barshay, Andrew 244 Asakawa Kan’ichi 44 baseball 469, 470 Asakusa 196 Basho¯ Matsuo 113–14, 126, 132 Ashikaga family 49–50, 51, 59 basketry 18 see also Muromachi bakufu Batten, Bruce 427–8 Ashikaga Gakko¯ 102 Baudelaire, Charles 199 49–50 Baxter, James 145 Ashikaga Yoshimasa 357 Beasley, W. G. 140, 142 466 behavioralism 289, 291–2, 294 446, 534 Belgium 480 Ashkenazi, Michael 471 Benjamin, Walter 463 Asia, Japanese relations with 142, 148, 208, benshi (film narrators) 467 288, 315, 317, 328, 340–3, 345, Berger, Gordon 161 407–20, 470, 534 beriberi 478 Asian Monetary Fund 342 Bernstein, Gail 176, 380 Asian Monroe Doctrine 227 Berry, Mary Elizabeth 3 Asianism 140 Best, Anthony 248 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Big Bang, financial 308–9 Forum 342 biography 149, 157 assassinations 165, 537 biota 14–15 assimilation 412 birth control 197, 319, 378, 381 Association for Southeast Asian Nations 342, birth control pill 319, 381 343 Bix, Herbert 74, 97, 212, 250, 254 Asuka era 14 black culture in Japan 472 Atarashii rekishi kyo¯kasho (New History black market 269, 274 Textbook) 148 blue collar workers 495, 498, 499–500 atomic bombs 253–5, 336, 338 Bodiford, William 396 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 595 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 595

Boku Shunkin 232 by-employments 91, 93 Book of Five Rings 122 Byrnes, James 254 Boshin Rescript 194 72 cabinet 157, 159, 161, 250 Botsman, Daniel 87 cafes 195 Bourdieu, Pierre 118 Calder, Kent 340 Bowen, Roger 144, 480 California 231 Boxer Uprising 214 calligraphy 119 Bradley, James 252 Cambodia 339 Brazil 402 Cambridge 4–5, 6, 7, 30, Brazilian Japanese 328, 329 31, 43, 44, 147, 391, 428–9 Bretton Woods System 299, 300, 304, 307, 142, 165, 196, 197, 242, 247, 311, 416 266, 284, 285, 299, 303, 306, 307, 336, Brinton, Mary 381 344, 417, 420, 424, 425, 427, 428, 436, bronze 18, 22 446, 461, 463, 464, 470 Brook, Timothy 253 Japanese 303 Brooks, Barbara 237n46, 249 Carson, Rachel 487 Brown, Philip 74, 433 cartels 242, 304, 306 bubble economy 300, 302–3, 305–8, 311, cartoons, political 189–90, 469 316, 324, 343, 417, 494, 507 caste 393, 394, 531 20, 30, 32, 33, 35, 44, 53–8, castle towns 78, 79, 87, 88, 390, 393, 463, 101, 103, 106–7, 109, 112, 121, 122, 478 127, 129, 132, 144, 243, 244–5, 353, castles 117, 119 362, 396, 428, 466, 487, 512 censorship 146, 242, 245, 463, 464, 469, budget, national 158 471 bullet train 316 censuses 35, 38, 39, 391 Bungakkai 201 center–periphery 424–38 bunjin (literati) 126, 127 see also peripheries seikatsu (cultured life) 191–2 Central Council for Education 519 kaika (civilization and centralization 432, 433 enlightenment) 73, 202 Certeau, Michel de 430 bunraku see jo¯ruri Chakrabarty, Dipesh 144 burai-ha (decadent) writers 269 chambara films 72 Buraku Liberation League 394, 395–6 Chamberlain, Basil Hall 394 buraku mondai 394 Chang, Iris 252 burakumin 75, 77, 162, 287, 326–7, 391, character goods 470 393–7 ‘‘checkbook diplomacy’’ 541 bureaucracy 33, 38, 71, 75, 158, 159, chemical industry 181, 302 160–1, 164, 166, 167, 175, 201, 202, Cheng brothers 103, 104 229, 248, 269, 273, 274, 284, 286, 288, Chie no Naishi 133 301, 340–1, 351–2, 355, 357, 360, 361, Chikamatsu Monzaemon 123, 124, 465, 374, 397, 432, 434, 448, 450, 451, 452, 466, 471 453, 455, 480, 497, 504, 507, 514, 516, childcare 507 533, 539 17, 18, 21, 22, 34, 43, 52, 53, 54, 58, burial mounds 13–14, 21–3, 365n7 59–62, 72, 75, 78, 87, 102, 103, 106, Burkman, Thomas 209 107, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 118, 122, Burks, Ardath 141 123, 125, 127, 132, 147, 148, 150, 178, Burma 233 182, 183, 208, 209, 211, 213, 214, 215, Burns, Susan 147, 374 225, 226, 227, 228, 229–30, 233–4, ¯ 250, 479 243, 248, 249, 252, 253, 255, 268, 309, Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 596 26.3.2009 9:05am

596 INDEX

China (cont’d ) condoms 319 316, 342, 351, 352, 362, 363, 408, Confucianism 33, 93, 101–5, 106, 107, 108, 409, 411, 412, 417, 418, 419, 420, 109–10, 111, 112–14, 120–1, 122, 425, 437, 445, 466, 468, 499, 528, 126, 130, 140, 178, 304, 351, 352, 355, 530, 534, 535, 537 363, 364, 374, 375, 391, 392, 409, 465, China War 164, 166, 172, 210, 228, 241, 466, 468, 512 242, 245, 248, 252, 303, 328, 377 Conroy, Hilary 208, 212 Cho¯ Ko¯ran 133 conscription 173, 523, 533 cho¯nin (townspeople) 104, 125, 131, 464, (1946) 267, 273, 275, 316, 465, 466 328, 335, 337, 339, 344, 345, 379–80, chori see burakumin 381, 398, 403, 523, 539 Cho¯shu¯ domain 89, 139, 156, 157, 482, constitutional revision 523 530, 531 constitutionalism 289, 292 Christianity 101, 107, 108, 109–110, 112, ‘‘construction state’’ 14, 454, 455 118, 120, 144, 191, 243, 245, 251, 271, constructivism 333 375, 376, 513, 528, 533, 534, 535, 536 consular police, Japanese 211 Chu¯shingura 88 consumption 88, 93, 96, 180, 192–3, 202, cities 190, 199, 201, 267, 284, 390, 463 269, 301, 308–9, 310, 320, 321–2, 323, citizens’ movements 282, 283, 284, 315, 329, 379, 399, 419, 445, 448, 462, 464, 321, 322–3, 326, 379, 417, 480, 484, 465, 469, 472, 486 485, 511, 515, 517, 520 convergence of Japan with the West 284, citizenship 322 310, 326 civil 532 Coox, Alvin 250–1 civil service 158, 533 Copeland, Rebecca 376 civil society 111, 229, 230–2, 233, 287–8, Cornell, John 394 453, 511–24 Cornell, Laurel 95, 363, 488n31 Clark, William Smith 142 corporate governance 304, 305, 308, class, social 22, 74, 156, 164, 301, 364, 372, 310–11 380, 389, 390, 394, 396, 397, corporatism 167, 229, 288, 498 398–403, 438, 529 corruption 78, 79, 162, 242, 285, 317, climate 14–15 329n5, 511 Coble, Parks 253 corve´e labor 481 cold war 225, 255, 266, 267, 271, 272, 275, cotton 88, 89, 90, 178, 181, 182, 482 315, 334, 336, 338, 342, 344, 408, 414, Craig, Albert 377 415, 416, 417, 469 cram schools 319, 320, 323 Cole, Robert 398 Crawcour, Sidney 90, 180, 181 Collcutt, Martin 2 Crayon Shin-chan 467 Collier, David 294 crime 270, 274 colonial modernity 233 cultural studies 271 colonialism, Japanese 209–10, 225, 228–30, Cultured Life Research Association 191 411, 412, 416, 437, 469 Curtis, Gerald 282, 283, 287 comfort women 228, 252, 379, 381, 417 Cominform 272 Daido¯ji Yu¯zan 123 communism 162, 166, 198, 267, 270, 271, Daigo, Emperor 35, 39 366, 447, 497 daimyo¯ 70–2, 73–4, 76–8, 117, 119, 391, Communist Party 162, 198, 270, 272, 283, 394 395–6, 517, 538 Dajo¯kan (Grand Council of State) 38, 532 comparative politics 288, 289 dams 447, 448, 449–53, 454, 455 Comprehensive National Development Dan Takuma 165 Plans 447, 449 dangibon (sermon books) 129, 130 concrete 449, 453, 454 Danly, Robert 376 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 597 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 597

Dannoura, Battle of 37, 41 Do¯ Commission 394, 396 Danzaemon 394–5 Dower, John 2, 3, 5, 212, 213, 246–7, Daoism 113, 445, 487 252, 255–6, 266, 269, 270, 271, 70 272, 273 Davis, John 396 Drea, Edward 251 day care 179 Drifte, Reinhard 344 Dazai Osamu 270–1 dual structure 400–1 Dazai Shundai 465 Duara, Prasenjit 227, 253 Dazaifu 62 Dudden, Alexis 208 debt, national 308 Dutch East India Company 108 decentralization 455 Duus, Peter 7, 142, 162, 167, 208, 210, decolonization 413, 418 212, 230–1, 253 deconcentration, economic 274 Duverger’s Law 285 deflation 286, 308–9, 484 deforestation 444, 447 early modern, concept of 69–70, 75–6, democracy 156, 158, 161–5, 167, 212, 213, 108, 113 266, 267, 274, 282, 283, 284, 285, 288, earthquakes 15, 449 303, 450, 512, 514 East Asian Financial Crisis 341, 342–3 Democratic Party 282, 316 East China Sea 61, 62 demography 94–6, 315, 317–20, 323, 325, ecology 443 374, 383, 403, 482–3 economic growth department stores 176, 192, 193, 195 modern 162, 173, 179–84 depopulation 318, 325 postwar 269, 275, 283, 284, 299–305, deregulation 308, 310, 522 494 Derrida, Jacques 143 premodern 71, 101 Deshima 108 role of the state in 90, 93–4, 173, 181–3, developmental education 174 242–3, 284, 301–5 developmentalism 243, 253, 255, 284, 303, economic reform 286, 288, 307–9 304 Economic Stabilization Board 301–2 DeVos, George 394 economic stagnation of the 1990s 285, Diaoyu/Sentaku Islands 418 286, 299, 300, 305–11, 382, 417, Dickinson, Frederick 209, 211, 212, 215 418, 494, 505, 524 Diet 158, 159, 164, 166, 195, 232, 245, 71, 76, 77, 78, 86, 87, 103, 114, 273, 376, 379, 497, 515, 535, 541 117, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, Dingman, Roger 215 127, 129, 131, 141 diplomacy see international relations see Tokugawa period disabled persons 322 education 90, 111, 123, 140, 147, 173–4, discrimination 327, 394–5, 396, 507 176 divorce 110, 268, 271, 320, 355, 362, 363, Egami Namio 540 373, 379, 380 Eiheiji 54 divorce temples 367n66 Eison 58 Doak, Kevin 200, 202 elderly 318, 382, 506, 515 Dodge, Joseph 266, 274–5 electoral politics 285, 290 Dodge Line 268, 300, 301, 499 electoral system 160 Do¯gen 54, 57 electricity 192, 446, 451, 452, 454 dogs 19, 76, 149 electronics industry 504 Do¯kyo¯ 32 Ellis, Havelock 195 Do¯mei 499, 503 Saiko¯ 133, 373 Donoghue, John 394 emigration from Japan 231, 253 Dore, Ronald 173–4, 493 emperor see imperial institution or under Do¯shikai 160 name of individual emperor Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 598 26.3.2009 9:05am

598 INDEX emperors, female 352–3, 365n3, 365n12 family system 203, 268, 271, 351, 354–5, empire, Japanese 182, 224–35, 249, 253, 360, 373–4 411–12, 534, 535 famines 72, 96 definition of 225 farm subsidies 325, 486 as multicultural/multiethnic 229, 413, fascism 156, 165–8, 207, 210, 226, 247–8, 539 257n43, 447, 515, 537 as ‘‘near abroad’’ 226, 234, 411 fashion 193, 196, 324 resistance and collaboration in 232, 233, feminism 146, 194–5, 246, 271, 285, 379, 246, 253 381 energy industry 284 fertility 95, 317, 319, 321, 382, 507 enka 327, 368 fertilizer 89, 90, 92, 96, 444, 482, 483, 484, Enryakuji 41 485, 486, 487, 489n56 enterprise unions 310, 493, 494, 498, 500, feudalism 75, 79, 207, 208, 270, 446, 463 505 fiefs 75 entrance examinations 322 Fifteen-Year War 241–56, 256n1 entrepreneurship 53, 146, 173, 177, 230, dissent during 245 234, 253, 269, 397, 502 see also Manchurian Incident, China War, environment, natural 14–15, 75, 91, 283, , World War II 426, 433, 436, 443–55, 517, 519 films 72, 192, 195, 196, 244, 270, 324, 327, Epi-Jo¯mon 13, 14, 17 461, 464, 467, 469 Eppstein, Ury 469 Hollywood 193, 272, 467 Equal Employment Opportunity Law 319, financial system 180, 181 382, 507 firearms 81n3 Erikson, Robert 401 Fiscal Investment and Loan Program 447 ero-guro-nansensu (erotic, grotesque, fiscal policy 305, 307, 308, 310 nonsense) 196 fisheries 18, 20, 91–2, 325, 451, 452 Esenbel, Selcuk 74 Flanagan, Scott 283 Eskildsen, Robert 148, 210, 211 Fletcher, W. Miles 244, 247 Esselstrom, Eric 211 flood control 444, 446, 449, 450, 451, 454, eta see burakumin 455 ethnic nationalism 539–41 floods 98n12, 445–7, 448, 451 ethnicity 326–7, 426, 438, 534, 535, 536, flying geese model 416 538, 539 Fogel, Joshua 148, 214 ethnography 429, 494 folk culture 460–1 Eto¯ Shimpei 532 folklore 201, 461, 479, 480 eugenics 176, 317, 378, 379 food 19–20, 96, 112, 234, 272, 478, 487 Evans, David 251 eating of meat 20, 145 everyday life 149, 189, 212, 274, 360 food safety 487 excessive competition 305, 311 Ford 246 exclusion acts, racial 213, 214 Ford Foundation 4 Expo ’70 316 foreign investment 301, 416 Ezo 35, 431, 436, 437 Foreign Ministry 214, 230, 249 foreign workers 328, 507 factions, political 281, 286 foremen 501 factory councils 497 forests 75, 325, 443, 444, 446, 449, 450, Factory Law 497 451–2, 453, 454, 477 Fair Trade Commission 301 Foucault, Michel 143, 430, 521, 522 family business 307 Fowler, Edward 398 family planning 94–5, 97, 483 France 226, 228, 411, 413, 445, 532, 534 family state 372, 435 Francks, Penelope 483–4 family structure 20, 94–5, 318–20, 364 Frank, Richard 254 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 599 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 599

Frankfurt School 462, 470 Garon, Sheldon 163, 179, 243, 256, 434, free rider 337, 338 513–14, 515 303 gekokujo¯ (those below overturning those freeters 506 above) 429 French Revolution 202 Gempei War 30, 37, 355, 356 Friday, Karl 37 gender 146–7, 190, 203, 233–4, 237n46, frontiers 436 318, 319, 351–65, 438, 472 Fru¨hstu¨ck, Sabine 176 General Agreement on Trade and (local ) 354 Tariffs 299, 304, 311 Fuess, Harald 363, 380 General Motors 246 Fujii Kenjiro¯ 195 general strike (1947) 266, 499 Fujimura Shin’ichi 15, 441 genro¯ (elder statesmen) 157, 161, 537 Fujioka Nobukatsu 541 era 71, 118 Fujitani, Takashi 143, 147, 151n18, 215, Gen’yo¯sha 535 434 Germany 166, 167, 168, 181, 209, 210, Fujiwara Michinaga 31, 36, 39, 40, 43 226, 247, 250, 306, 534 Fujiwara Momokawa 32 gesaku 130 Fujiwara Mototsune 35 ghosts 55, 128 Fujiwara regents 33, 34, 35–6, 37–8, 39, Gibney, Frank 246 40, 42, 353 Gill, Tom 398 Fujiwara Sanesuke 31 ginbura (cruising the Ginza) 192 Fujiwara Seika 103 Ginza 192–3, 195, 196 Fujiwara Sumitomo 40 Gion Nankai 126 Fujiwara Tadahira 39 globalization 286, 299–300, 303, 304, 307, Fujiwara Tanetsugu 35 308, 310, 311, 333, 403, 408, 416, Fujiwara Tokihira 39 417–19, 420, 469, 470, 473 Fujiwara Yorimichi 38, 39, 40 Gluck, Carol 140, 151n18, 174, 175, 434, Fujiwara Yorinaga 355 435 Fujiwara Yoshifusa 35 Go-Daigo, Emperor 48, 49, 50, 51 fujufuse movement 112 Godzilla 460, 467 fukoku kyo¯hei (rich nation, strong army) 73, go¯kanbon 31 158 gold standard 299, 303 Fukuda Hideko 375 Goldthorpe, John 401 Fukuda Yasuo 337 Gonda Yasunosuke 193, 194 Fukuhara 30 Gondo¯ Seikei 201 , Masanobu 487 goningumi (five member groups) 481 Fukuzawa Yukichi 72, 109, 142, 147, go¯no (wealthy farmers) 92, 94, 177 408–11 ‘‘good wife, wise mother’’ 190, 375 full employment 312n2 Gordon, Andrew 4, 142, 147, 163, 167, Yo¯ichi 343 178–9, 242, 246, 247–8, 493, 496 furusato (home villages) 325 Go-Sanjo¯, Emperor 37, 40 Fushimatsu no Kaka 133 Go-Shirakawa, Retired Emperor 30, 31, 37, Fushimi 106, 117 40, 41 Goto¯ Shinpei 211 ga/zoku (popular/elite) culture 118, 132, Goto¯ Sho¯jiro¯ 531 465–6 Gownder, Joseph 295 466 Gozan system 55, 120 gaiatsu (external pressure) 340–1 Gozan-bon 120, 121 game theory 289 Graham, Patricia 127 Gao, Bai 243, 255 Gramsci, Antonio 461 gardens 54 graying society 318 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 600 26.3.2009 9:05am

600 INDEX

Great Britain 167, 181, 208, 214, 226, 248, Hauser, William 88 333, 345, 411, 413, 469 Havens, Thomas 480 163, 165, 166, 177, 183, Hawaii 208, 211, 231, 329 196, 243, 267, 274, 299, 303, 537 Hayami Akira 95 Greater Go-Prosperity Sphere 225, Hayashi Fusao 202, 538 228, 245, 253, 255, 328, 412, 540 Hayashi Kentaro¯ 334 Greater Japan Industrial Patriotic Association Hayashi Razan 103 (Sanpo¯) 498 Hayashi school 105 Greater Japan Women’s Association 378 health insurance, national 317 Green, Michael 344 Hearn, Lafcadio 394 Griffiths, Owen 269 hedonism 194–6 Groemer, Gerald 394–5 30–44, 47, 53, 102, 131, 355, Guadalcanal 251–2 373, 428 guilds 390 historical documents 31 Gulf War (1991) 317, 335, 339, 541 local administration 39–40, 428–9 Gusuku period 14, 16 politics 33–4, 38 Western scholarship on 42–4 Hachijo¯ Island 18 Heian-kyo¯ 30, 34, 38, 426 Hachioji 98n12 rebellion 37 Hagakure 122 Hein, Laura 215, 246, 256 Hagi Uprising 535 Heisig, James 244–5 Hagiwara Sakutaro¯ 189, 199–200, 201 Hello Kitty 470 haiga 132 Hendry, Joy 380 haikai 119, 126, 128, 131, 133 He´rail, Francine 42 Hakata 62 Hesselink, Reiner 210 60 Hicks, George 252 Hakone Conference on Modern Japan 4, 5, high culture 189, 460–2 7, 73, 141 High, Peter 244 Hall, Francis 142 high schools 287, 323 Hall, John Whitney 3, 4, 5, 8n23, 33, 62, 73, higher schools 176, 191, 376 75, 141, 392, 431 highways 392, 426 Halliday, Jon 389–90 Higuchi Ichiyo 376 Hamaguchi Osachi 165, 377 , Queen 13–14, 21, 352 Hanazaki Ko¯hei 436 hinin see burakumin Hane, Mikiso 144, 177, 486 357 Hanes, Jeffrey 179 hinomaru (national flag) 541 Hanley, Susan 90, 95, 96, 149 Hiraga Gennai 129 Hara Kei (Takashi) 158, 160, 161, 163, 211, Hirakawa Sukehiro 140 214 Hirama Yo¯ichi 209 Hara Saibin 133 Hiranuma Kiichiro¯ 537 Hardacre, Helen 3, 4, 5, 139, 143, 149 Hiraoka Ko¯taro¯ 535 Hareven, Tamara 381 Hirata Atsutane 107 Harootunian, H. D. 5, 144, 151n18, 189, Hirata Seiko¯ 245 203, 205, 244 Raicho¯ 195, 377 Harris, Sheldon 252 see Sho¯wa emperor Hasegawa Nyozekan 244 domain 432 Hasegawa, Tsuyoshi 255 119, 215, 253 Hasegawa Yu¯ichi 213 Hishikawa Moronobu 125 Hashimoto 402–3 history textbooks 148, 316–7, 329n6, 418, Hastings, Sally 146, 164 541 Hattori Ryu¯ji 211 504 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 601 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 601

Hitachi River Locks 449 Ichikawa Fusae 243, 378, 379, 381 Hitotsubashi University 179 identity, Asian 410 Hiyama Yukio 212 identity, in Japanese empire 232 Hizen domain 156, 157 identity, Japanese 106, 111, 113, 114, 166, Hobsbawm, Eric 143–4 200, 212, 244, 315, 323, 326, 372, 375, Ho¯gen rebellion 67 413, 417, 436, 468, 516, 534, 538–41 Ho¯jo¯ family 51 ie (the household) see family system Ho¯jo¯ Masako 357 Igarashi Takayoshi 449 Ho¯jo¯ Tokiyori 54 Iguchi Haruo 213 Ho¯jo¯ Ujimasa 359 Ihara Saikaku 89, 128, 374, 465 ¯ 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 74, 76, 91–2, Ike no Taiga 126, 132 143, 148, 184, 235, 255, 411, 413, 427, Ikeda Hayato 275, 321, 540 436–7 Ikegami Eiko 432 holding companies 310 iki (refinement) 201, 244, 466, 467 Holland 72, 86, 87, 108–9, 118, 210, 446 ikki (popular protests) 74 Holocaust 252 Imamura, Anne 380 home economics 382 16, 24n17, 232 163–4, 434, 497, 540 immiseration 96, 177 Homo erectus 15–16 Imperial Hotel 194 homogeneity, ethnic 326, 396, 413, 425, Imperial House Law 159 438, 471, 472 Imperial Household Act 365n11 homosexuality see same-sex sexuality imperial institution 30, 33, 35–6, 51, 76, Hon’ami Ko¯etsu 125 147, 159, 160, 164, 166, 212, 250, 268, Honda Kinkichiro¯ 469 271, 326, 351, 352–3, 357, 412, 426, Honda Toshiaki 109 427, 429, 434, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, Ho¯nen 56, 57 538 Hong Kong 342, 416, 419 Imperial Military Reserve 484–5 ¯ 15, 18, 92, 413, 425, 482 Imperial Rescript on Education 534 Hook, Glenn 344 Imperial Rule Assistance Association 166, Hosokawa Yu¯sai 131 167 Hotta-Lister, Ayako 214 imperialism, cultural 189 House, Edward 139, 142, 150 imperialism, Japanese 145, 147, 148, 163–4, 158, 159, 160, 164 177, 208, 210–11, 212–13, 214, 215, House of Representatives 158, 159 224, 230–1, 242–3, 407, 408, 411, 424, housewives 176, 323, 380, 472, 502, 506–7, 512, 536, 538 515, 516 economic origins of 212–13 Housewives’ Federation 381 legacies of 342, 414, 417, 418 Howell, David 90–1, 143, 147, 173, 178, as mimetic 224 183–4, 437 imperialism, Western 148–9, 166, 266, 270, Howland, Douglas 147 415, 534 Huffman, James 145–6, 176, 434 Important Industries Control Law 242 Humphreys, Leonard 251 Impressionism 470 hunter-gatherer societies 19, 20–1 Inada Takashi 20 hunting 19 inaka (countryside) 477–8 Hur, Nam-lin 78, 79 India 58, 114, 402, 409, 445 Hurst, G. Cameron 31–2, 42 Indian Ocean 209 hybridization 467–8 indigo 94, 482 hyperinflation 300, 301 190, 196–8 Indonesia 233 Ibsen, Henrik 471 industrial policy 242–3, 284, 302, 303–4, Ichikawa Danju¯ro¯ I 124 306 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 602 26.3.2009 9:05am

602 INDEX industrial unions 500, 503 Chef 467, 470 industrialization 189, 190, 230, 416 irrigation 70, 71, 89, 443, 444, 446, 450, industry 173, 180–3, 229 451, 452, 453, 454, 481 infant mortality 317, 329n9 Ishibashi Tanzan 245, 246, 302 infanticide 94, 95, 374, 483, 488n31 Ishida Eiichiro¯ 540 inflation 268, 269, 274, 305, 398, 503, 505 Ishida Hiroshi 400–1 information technology 307 Ishikawa Hiroshi 208 Ingen 127 Ishimoda Sho¯ 539 inheritance 268, 356, 379, 380 Ishiwara 166 inner palace 351–2 157, 531 Inoguchi Takashi 290, 343–4 Italy 161, 166, 167, 168, 247 Inoue Junnosuke 165 Ito¯ Hirobumi 143, 157, 158, 160, 161, 211, Inoue Kaoru 157 532 531, 532 Ito¯ Jakuchu¯ 126 Inoue Mitsusada 355 Ito¯ Jinsai 104, 105 Inoue Takaaki 121 Ito¯ Noe 377 Inoue Tetsujiro¯ 534 Ito¯ Yukio 211 insei (retired emperors) 37–8, 40, 42 Ives, Christopher 245 Institute of Pacific Relations 214, 244 Iwabuchi Ko¯ichi 468, 470 intellectuals 101, 175, 189–203, 244, 246, Iwakura Mission 144, 148 256, 418, 513, 514, 531, 533, 538, 539 Izumi Hirobe 214 interest groups, political 284, 340 Izumo no Okuni 124 international history 223 International Labor Organization 497, 502 JA Group 485–6 International Metalworkers Federation – Jansen, Marius 73, 213 Japan Council 503 Japan, academic study of in the United International Military Tribunal of the Far States 1–2, 3–5, 8n23 East 241 Japan Agricultural Standards Association 487 International Red Cross 214 Japan-bashing 316, 326 international relations Japan-British Exhibition 214 in early modern Japan 76, 80, 86–7 Japan Foundation 1 in medieval Japan 58–62 Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer in Japan 142, 148, 208–9, 210–2, program 519 214 Japan Productivity Center 501 interwar 162–3, 209–16 Japan Sea, Battle of the 214 postwar 333–45 Japan Socialist Party 336, 337, 540 International Women’s Christian Temperance Japan Women’s College 376 Union 376, 381 Japanese economic system 255, 300, 303 internationalism 209, 215, 249, 540 Japanese employment system 403, 493–5, Internet 517 498–503 165 16 invented traditions 147 Japanese management 304, 310 investment 180, 300, 305, 306, 307, 308, , origins of 15–17, 426, 529 311, 342, 343, 344, 502 Japanese Union of Scientists and Iokibe Makoto 511, 512, 517, 519, 521 Engineers 501 58 16 Iraq 276, 335, 339, 340, 345 japonisme 470 iriai (common lands) 78 jazz 272, 467, 469, 471 Iriye, Akira 209, 213, 214, 223 Jesuits 120, 121 Irokawa Daikichi 143, 144, 173 Jewish refugees 210 iron 18, 19, 22 Jiang Jieshi 539 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 603 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 603

Jingu¯, Emperor 353 Kano Masanao 529 Jinno¯ sho¯to¯ki 50 Kano¯ school 118, 125 Jippensha Ikku 130 kanri shakai (managed society) 316, 324, jito¯ 30, 355 327 jiyu¯ minken undo¯ ( and People’s 200 Rights Movement) 149, 157, 375, 377, Kanto¯ earthquake 189, 192, 232, 537 471, 513, 531–2, 533, 535, 536 Kanto¯ region 395, 445, 449, 478, 482 Jiyu¯to¯ 157 Karafuto see Sakhalin Johnson, Chalmers 4, 242–3, 255, 273, 284, Karatani Ko¯ 532 285, 293 karate 470 Jo¯mon period 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, Karlin, Jason 146 426 karma 55, 56 jo¯ruri 122, 123, 196, 363, 464, 466 (death by overwork) 506 journalism 145–6, 174 Kasai Zenzo¯ 197 Joyce, James 198 Kasza, Gregory 242, 247, 255, 256 ju¯do¯ 470 Kato¯ Norihiro 417, 418 ju¯shin (senior statesmen) 157 Kato Shu¯ichi 167 Kato¯ Takaaki 163 122, 123–4, 130, 270, 361, 362, Katsu Kokichi 88 363, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 472 Katsukawa Shunsho¯ 125 Kada no Arimaro 132 Katsura Taro¯ 157, 158, 160, 208 Kada no Azumamaro 106 Katsushika Hokusai 126 Kada no Tamiko 133 Kawabata Yasunari 196, 197, 198, 200 Kaga domain 74, 77, 78, 433 Kawabe River dam 451–3 Kaga no Chiyo 133 Kawada Minoru 480 469 Kawakami Tetsutaro¯ 197, 202 Kaibara Ekken 362 Kawamura Yoshio 480 Kaigetsudo¯ Ando 125 kawata see burakumin kaiju¯ eiga (monster movies) 464, 470 Kawatake Mokuami 125 Kaishinto¯ 157 Keehn, E. B. 292 30, 47, 62 Keene, Donald 149, 197, 199 Kamakura bakufu 47–50, 51, 52, 56, 60 Keichu¯ 106, 132 31, 38, 42, 47–50, 62, Keidanren 519 102, 356, 428–9 Keiko¯, Emperor 353 historical documents 31 keiretsu 269, 301, 302, 304, 486 Kamchatka 109 Kelly, William 74, 78 Kame Kan’ichiro¯ 537, 538 kemmon theory 41–2, 44n12, 430 Kamei Katsuichiro¯ 202 era 50 Kamigata 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 127, Kenseikai 160, 161–4 128, 129 Kenseito¯ 157 60, 251, 256 Kersten, Rikki 541 Kammu, Emperor 30, 31, 32, 33, 34–5, 38 Ketelaar, James 144 Kamo no Mabuchi 106, 107, 111, 112–13, Keynesianism 505 114, 132, 364 Khan, Qubilai 60 124 kibyo¯shi 130 Kamo Takehiko 341 Kido Ko¯in 156 kampaku 35 Kierstead, Thomas 430–1 kana syllabary 36 (returnee schoolchildren) 327 71, 78, 119, 122, 391, 478 Kikuchi Kan 198 kana-zo¯shi 128 Kiley, Cornelius 38 Kaneyoshi, 59 ‘‘’’ (national anthem) 541 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 604 26.3.2009 9:05am

604 INDEX 196 409, 411, 412, 437, 464, 469, 471, 499, Kimura Takataro¯ 534 530, 533, 534, 536, 537, 539 region 21, 22, 31, 91, 92, 426, 482 , Hideyoshi’s invasion of 103, 120 King, Franklin 486–7 Korean War 275, 315–16, 414 Kinmonth, Earl 175, 176, 191 Korean Wave 419 Kishi Nobusuke 337 ko¯ri bugyo¯ (rural magistrates) 478 Kishida Toshiko 375 Kornicki, Peter 122, 145 Kishimoto Shigenobu 399–400 Kosaka Kenji 402 Kissinger, Henry 249 Koschmann, J. Victor 270 Kita Ikki 535, 537 Koshiro, Yukiko 270, 380 Kitagawa Utamaro 125 Ko¯toku Shu¯sui 536 Kitaoka Shin’ichi 208, 210, 211, 213 Ko¯yasan 41 ko¯an 54 Kranzler, David 210 Kobayashi Hideo 202, 234 Krauss, Ellis 282–3, 284 Kobayashi Takiji 198 Kuga Katsunan 533 Kobayashi Yoshinori 419 Kukai 57 320 Kuki Shu¯zo¯ 201, 244, 247 Kobe earthquake 317, 324, 511, 519 Kulmus, Johann Adam 109 Kochi 71 452 ko¯enkai (political support organizations) 282 535 Ko¯fukuji 41, 54 Kumazawa Makoto 493 period 13, 14, 22 Kume Kunitake 148 kogaku (ancient learning) 104, 105 Kurabu cosmetics 194 Kogido¯ 104, 105 Kurahara Korehito 194 Kohno Masaru 282 Kuril Islands 255 Koikari, Mire 270, 271 157 Koizumi Jun’ichiro 340 Kuroda Toshio 41, 44n12 14, 107, 352, 354 Kuroiwa Ruiko¯ 536 kokkeibon 130 Kurosawa Akira 467 Ko¯ko¯, Emperor 31 Kurosawa Fumitaka 213 kokugaku (national learning, nativism) 14, Kuwabara Takeo 141 101, 106–8, 110, 111, 112–13, 114, Kwantung Army 241, 242, 246 364, 468, 530 Kwantung peninsula 225 Kokuhonsha 537 kyo¯gen 123 Kokusai Bunka Shinko¯kai 214 Kyo¯ho¯ Reforms 129 kokusaika (internationalization) 316, 317, kyo¯ka 132, 133 328 Kyokutei Bakin 130 kokusuishugi (cultural essence of Japan) 532 31, 50, 51, 52–3, 54, 59, 62, 86, 87, kokutai 159, 271, 315, 530, 534, 537, 538 88, 102, 103, 105, 118, 119, 121, 123, kombinato (industrial complexes) 321, 322 124, 125–6, 127, 129, 131, 357, 361, ko¯ (imperialization) 412 381, 390, 427, 463, 464, 471, 478, 482, Komiya Kazuo 211 487 Kondo, Dorinne 380 Kyoto School 201, 202, 244–5 Ko¯nin, Emperor 32 Kyoto University 201 Konoe Atsumaro 535 Kyu¯shu¯ 13, 15, 21, 43, 60, 62, 108, 120, Konoe Fumimaro 166, 168n29, 244, 254 254, 316, 413, 425, 451, 452, 482 Korea 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 32, 52, 58, 59–61, 62, 72, 75, 120, 127, 178, 208, 211, labor 92, 146, 178–9, 232, 233, 246, 268, 212, 213, 215, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 307, 435, 493–508 230, 231–2, 233, 235, 253, 255, 326, public sector 502, 503, 505, 508n19 327, 328, 330n29, 353, 379, 381, 396, Labor Disputes Conciliation Law 164 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 605 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 605 labor unions 162, 163, 178, 247, 274, 283, literacy 90, 110, 111, 119, 120, 122, 363, 285, 301, 307, 310, 311, 493, 494, 375, 464, 465, 513 496–7, 498–9, 500, 502, 503–5, 512, literature 30, 31, 32, 43, 44, 106, 128–33, 515 190, 196, 197–9, 270, 271, 323–4, organization rate 499, 503, 505 373, 377, 466, 469, 539 18, 93, 127, 192 Lithuania 210 LaFeber, Walter 248 livelihood wages 498 Laitin, David 288, 294 living standards 95, 97 Lake Kasumigaura 449 local history 145, 174 lakes 453 Lockwood, W. W. 173 Lamers, Jeroen 75 London Naval Treaty 165 Land Improvement Law 452 Lone, Stewart 208 land reclamation 481, 482 Lotus Sect 56 land reform 268, 302, 398, 485 Lotus Sutra 55, 57 land surveys 391, 392, 431 Lu, David 209, 249 landholding system 353, 354, 356, 358 Lucas, George 470 landlords 177, 180, 268, 397, 485 landsharking 324, 330n32 MacArthur, Douglas 265, 271 Lanxi Daolong 54 MacDonald, Ranald 148 Large, Stephen 249–50 machi bugyo¯ (urban magistrates) 478 late development 512 machinery industry 182 Latin America 396 magazines 175, 193, 194–5, 321–2 Latz, Gil 480, 481 maids 269 League of Nations 209, 225, 249 main bank system 302 lean production 304 Makino Shin’ichi 197 Lears, Jackson 462 Makioka Sisters, The 200–1 LeBlanc, Robin 285, 380, 516, 517 Malaysia 470 Lebra, Takie 398 management 182, 493, 496, 497, 498, 499, legal system 51, 70, 77–8, 354–5, 356, 501–2, 503, 504, 507 363–4, 382, 431, 481, 494, 500, 504, 225, 227, 228, 229, 231, 233, 532 242, 243, 245, 246, 249, 253, 412, 435, leisure 463, 464 447 Lenin, V. I. 424 Manchuria 211, 225, 226, 227, 230, 231, lepers 56 232, 233, 241, 244, 245, 246, 249, 251, Leupp, Gary 89 252, 435, 536 Levine, Hillel 210 Manchurian Incident 163, 165, 209, 211, Levine, Lawrence 462 241, 242, 243, 249, 377, 512 Lewis, Michael 143, 145, 178–9 Manchurian Industrial Development Liberal Democratic Party 275, 282–3, 284, Corporation 246 285–7, 290, 307, 316, 317, 485–6, 324, 419, 460, 465, 470 523, 540 Manpuku-ji 127 campaign practices 282 Manyo¯shu 106, 107, 477, 478 Liberal Party 282, 316 manzai (comic dialogues) 471 Liberal School of History 541 Mao Zedong 539 190, 191, 194, 251, 266, 333, mappo¯ 56, 57 338, 521, 541 maps 114 libraries 128 Maraldo, John 244–5 life expectancy 317, 329n8, 382, 483 markets 77, 87, 91, 119 lifetime employment 310, 380, 493–4 Markus, Andrew 131 Lincicome, Mark 174–5 marriage 79, 95, 195, 268, 318–20, 355, Lincoln, Edward 286 363, 373, 379, 380, 381, 382, 395, 502 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 606 26.3.2009 9:05am

606 INDEX

Marshall, Jonathan 248 390, 393, 397, 398, 433, 472, 482, 512, Marshall Plan 275 513, 528, 529, 530, 532, 538 martial arts 122, 123, 270, 470 trans-Restoration analysis 173, 174, 184 Maruyama Masao 112, 113, 167, 248, 334 Melucci, Alberto 518 Maruyama O¯ kyo 126 memoirs, political 290–1 Marxism 2, 73, 79, 94, 95, 140, 177, 193, memory 214–15, 413 194, 195, 196, 197, 198–9, 200, 202, ‘‘mental attitude’’ novelists 197 251, 271, 322, 334, 398, 424, 462, merchants 53, 62, 88, 93, 118, 361, 373, 470, 471, 479, 499, 503, 528, 539, 389–90, 392, 393, 397, 429, 432, 463 540, 541 methodology, political science 289–90, masculinity 374–5 290–5 mass culture 461, 464 middle class 172, 175–6, 179, 190, 191, Mass, Jeffrey 34, 51 192, 231, 268, 321, 323, 326, 380, 397, mass media 162, 192, 233, 243, 270, 288, 398–403, 513 321–2, 399, 464, 469 new 398 mass production 202 old 398, 403 masturbation 358 Middle East 317, 328, 414 Masumi Junnosuke 282, 290 Midway, Battle of 211 material culture 96, 149 midwives 375 materialism 324 migration, internal 95, 315, 320–1, 325, Mathias, Regine 378 380 Matsudaira Sadanobu 76, 105, 112 within the Japanese empire 234 Matsui Sumako 472 Miike strike 316, 322, 502 Matsukata deflation 180 Miki Kiyoshi 244, 514 484, 537 militarism 183, 245, 247, 270, 282 Matsumura Goshun 126 military, Japanese 140, 149, 157, 159, 163, Matsuo Taseko 144–5, 146, 373 165–6, 167, 183, 243, 249, 250–2, Matsuoka Yo¯suke 209, 249 270, 273, 316, 335, 339, 343, 344–5, matsuri (festivals) 463, 465, 471 351, 354, 356, 358, 374, 397–8, 469 Matsusaka, Tak 214 millet 478 Matsushita Keiichi 511–12, 513, 517, 520 Minamoto Takaakira 36 Matsuzaki Tetsuhisa 282 Minamoto Yoritomo 30, 37, 41, 48, 355, McClain, James 74, 78, 147, 150 357 McCormack, N. 395, 396 59, 61, 127, 129 McLauchlan, Alastair 396 Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce 479, medicine 176, 363, 376, 378 483 medieval, concept of 47–8 Ministry of Commerce and Industry 255 medieval Japan 33, 38, 42, 47–62, 428–31 Ministry of Construction 448–9, 452, 453 Mediterranean Sea 209 Ministry of Economy, Trade and 157, 159, 163, 164, 166, Industry 341 247, 398, 532, 533 Ministry of Education 174–5, 274, 519–20 Meiji emperor 140, 149, 197, 372, 530 Ministry of Finance 302, 447 Meiji Imperial House Law 352, 365n11 Ministry of International Trade and Meiji period 139–50, 156–61, 190, 227, Industry 255, 284, 302, 341 229, 235, 274–7, 433–4, 466, 468, Ministry of Justice 242 483–4, 495, 496–7, 530–4, 535–6 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and political history 156–61 Transport 455 social history 173–6 minka (people’s songs) 272 wars 208 Minobe Ryo¯kichi 246 70, 72, 73, 139–50, 156, Minobe Tatsukichi 166 157, 172, 177, 207, 265, 276, 372, 373, minorities, ethnic 172, 178, 326–7 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 607 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 607

Minseito¯ 160, 161–4, 165, 245, 537 mono no aware 107 minshu¯ (the people) 140, 144–5 monopolies 93 minshu¯shi (people’s history) 173, 174, 461, monopsonies 93–4 470 Moore, Joe 272 Min’yu¯sha 532–3, 536 Moore, Richard 485 479 moral education 362 Mitchell, Richard 242 moral suasion 179, 243, 256 Mito school 108, 530 Mo¯ri Motonari 359 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 504 Mori O¯ gai 197 Mitsubishi zaibatsu 182 Morimoto Ko¯kichi 191 Mitsui Bussan 230, 234 Mormont, Marc 480 Mitsui zaibatsu 165, 182, 361, 367n41, 502 Morris-Suzuki, Tessa 148, 436–7 Mitsukawa Kametaro¯ 537 Morse, Edward 14 Mitsukoshi 487 mortality rates 96 mixed blood children 380 Mother of Michitsuna 36 Miyake Kaho 376 motherhood 374, 378, 380, 472 Miyake Setsurei 532, 536 Moto no Mokuami 133 121 Motoori Norinaga 107, 111, 113, 132, Miyashita Akitoshi 341 530 Miyata Yoshiji 504 mourning 364, 368n69, 418 482 Mt. Hiei 54 Miyazaki Hachiro¯ 535 Mt. Ko¯ya 54 Miyazaki Hayao 460, 470 mura hachibu (ostracism) 481 Miyazaki To¯ten 535 mura okoshi (village revival) 325 Miyoshi, Masao 5 Murai Sho¯suke 427 Mizuno Norihito 80 Murakami Haruki 323–4 mobility, social 176, 403 Murakami Yasusuke 399–400 mobilization 167, 168, 169n38, 211, Muramatsu Michio 284 242–3, 244, 246, 302, 376, 378, 412, Murasaki Shikibu 30, 36, 107, 352 418, 484, 521, 524 Murobuse Ko¯shin 195 mobo (modern boys) 193, 195, 197, 203, Muromachi bakufu 50, 51–2, 55, 59, 61 469 47, 48, 50, 51–2, 358, modernity 112, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 428–9 150, 172, 176, 177, 189–203, 214, music 272, 324, 327, 329, 373, 419, 460, 229, 233, 326, 334, 353, 372, 407, 420, 461, 467, 469, 470, 471, 472 434, 462, 512, 538 208, 210 ambivalence toward 528 Myers, Ramon 253 modernization 140, 141, 146, 177, 201, Myo¯e58 306, 446, 447, 464, 496, 521, 523 modernization theory 2–3, 139, 173, 174, Nabeyama Sadachika 199, 538 224, 415–16, 424, 436 Nagahara Keiji 394, 430, 477 moga (modern girls) 176, 193, 194–5, 197, Nagai Kafu¯ 192 203, 469 Nagai Yonosuke 337 Molasky, Michael 270 Nagakura Tamotsu 477 Momoyama period 117, 120 Nagaoka 30, 32, 33, 34, 38 monasteries 41, 53–5, 103 72, 76, 86, 108, 109, 127, 129, monetary policy 302, 304–5, 307, 309 253 moneylending 53, 92, 97, 427 Nagasawa Rosetsu 126 Mongol invasions 60, 356, 358, 468 119, 122, 320 Mongolia 412 Nagy, Margit 378 monitoring, bank 305, 307, 310 Naito Ko¯nan 214 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 608 26.3.2009 9:05am

608 INDEX

Nakae To¯ju 104 Nikkeiren 499 Nakai, Kate Wildman 373 ninjo¯bon (books of human emotions) 130 , James 179–80 Ninomiya Shigeaki 394 Nakamura Mitsuo 199 Nippon Steel 504 Nakamura Takafusa 180, 183 nirvana 55 Nakane Chie 399, 401 Nish, Ian 208, 209, 211, 212–13, 249 Nakano Hajimu 201 Nishida Kitaro¯ 245 Nakano, Lynne 516 Nishihara Loans 209 Nakano Mitsutoshi 118 Nishikawa Sukenobu 126 Nakano Shigeharu 194 Nishimura Shingo 337 Nakano Toshio 517, 518 Nishitani Keiji 202 Nakasone Yasuhiro 316, 519, 540 Nissan 213, 246 Nakayama Taro¯ 342 Nissan strike 500 Namba Daisuke 537 Nitobe Inazo 479 Nanbara Shigeru 244 Nixon shocks 316, 540 212, 215, 252 Nobutani Noboru 141 Nan’yo 225, 234 197 30, 32, 34, 38, 54, 353, 425, 427, 478 Noguchi Yukio 521 14, 19, 22, 32, 102 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 466 Narita Airport 316, 449 No¯kyo¯ see JA Group Narita Ujinaga 358 Nolte, Sharon 146, 377 National Mobilization Law 166, 242 Nomo Hideo 460, 470 nationalism 166, 167, 227, 231, 244, 245, Nomura Bo¯to¯ 133 395, 432–3, 528–41 Nomura Minoru 214 cultural 326 non-profit organizations 324–5, 515–17, Nationality Act 539 519, 520–1, 524 Nationality Law 382 Non-Profit Organizations Law 515, 520 nation-state 528, 531, 532, 541 non-regular workers 494, 502, 506, 507, Natsume Soseki 197 508n21, 516 nature 111, 112, 113, 149, 446, 453, 455 normal nation, Japan as 334, 338–9 navy, Japanese 159, 209, 211, 213, 248, Norman, E. H. 2, 140 251–2 414 Neary, Ian 395 Northern Territories 418 neo-Confucianism 14, 103–5, 106, 360, Nosaka Sanzo¯ 539 362, 364, 390, 528, 529–30, 531 Nosco, Peter 128 neo-liberalism 521, 522, 523–4 nostalgia 325, 330n33, 418, 419, 451 neo-nationalism 417, 418, 419 nuclear family 318, 376, 483 neo-nature 453–4 nuclear weapons 336, 337–8 neutralism 334, 335, 338, 344 nurses 375, 378 New Dealers 373 New Order 166, 167, 247 O¯ 127, 129 new religions 243, 271, 326 obstetrics 374 Newly Industrialized Economies 342, 415 Obuchi Keizo¯ 337 newspapers 146, 321, 513, 533 212, 265–76, 281, 283, Nichiren 56, 112 300–3, 315–16, 326, 333, 338, 372, night soil 96, 482 379–81, 394, 416, 469, 471, 472–3, 14, 352, 353 485, 498–9, 515, 538–9 Nihonjinron 288, 316, 325, 326, 327, 329, economic reforms 300–3 330n26, 425, 426, 428, 468 political reforms 273–5 Nijo¯ castle 117 ¯ocho¯ kokka (royal court state) 37–8, 39, 40, Nikaido¯ Moriyoshi 358 43 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 609 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 609

Oda Nobunaga 54, 57, 70, 71, 74, 75, 117, 320, 361, 392, 396, 463, 464, 471, 478, 359, 431 482 Odaka Kunio 398–9, 402 castle 71, 109, 117, 119 office ladies 319 Osaka Spinning Company 182 Official Development Assistance 341, 342, O¯ shio Heihachiro¯ 105 415 O¯ tagaki Rengetsu 133 Ogata Kenzan 125 otokoyaku (male impersonators) 472 Ogata Ko¯rin 125 O¯ tsuka Hiaso 514 Ogawa Akihiro 516, 519, 520 O¯ uchi family 59 Oguma 327, 534, 539 O¯ uchi Hyo¯e 246 Ogyu¯ Sorai 105, 106, 112, 113 outcastes see burakumin Oh Sadaharu 327 Overcoming Modernity symposium 189, Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 251 190, 191, 200, 201–2, 469 oie so¯do ( house disturbances) 71, 79 O¯ ya So¯ichi 197 oil shock 303, 311, 316, 416, 504, 505, 540 oyakata (labor bosses) 496 Oishimbo 325 O¯ yama Iwao 157 Okada Hachiyo 193 oyatoi gaikokujin 141, 148 Okakura Kakuzo 408–11, 412 Ozawa Ichiro¯ 338 O¯ kawa Shumei 201, 537 Ozawa Roan 132 Okazaki Tetsuji 243, 255 Ozu Yasujiro¯ 467 Okhotsk culture 14 Okimoto, Daniel 167 Pacific War 183, 210, 211, 213, 214, 241, Okinawa see Ryu¯kyu¯ Islands 328, 412, 413, 417 O¯ ko¯chi Kazuo 514 paddies, rice 444, 449, 479 Oku Mumeo 381 painting 53, 54, 118, 122, 124, 125, 362, Oku Takenori 144 466 O¯ kubo Toshimichi 141, 156, 531 period 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20 O¯ kuma Shigenobu 157, 158, 532, 533 Panama Canal 447 Okumura Eifuku 358 pan-Asianism 211, 227, 229, 253, 535, 536, Okuno-Fujiwara Masahiko 243 540 O¯ Nagatsune 90 parasite singles 320 oligarchy 156–61, 163 Paris Peace Conference 209 One Percent Club 519 Park, Soon-won 232 O¯ nin War 50, 52, 59, 70, 357 parties, political 157–8, 159, 160–5, 282–8 Onna daigaku (The Greater Learning for new parties since 1993 285, 307 Women) 362–4, 373 Partner, Simon 380–1 onnagata (female impersonators) 471 Passin, Herbert 173–4 Onoda Cement Company 232, 233 paternalism 497 on-the-job training 501 Patessio, Mara 375 o¯oku (Great Interior) 361 Patriotic Women’s Association 376, 377 Ooms, Herman 77, 78, 392–3, 395, 433 patronage 101, 126 oral history 246, 272 Patterson, Wayne 208 organ theory 166 Pax Tokugawa 70, 119 organic agriculture 486–7, 489n56 Paxton, Robert 166–7, 168 organic food 322 Payne, Stanley 167–8 Oriental Development Company 230 Peace Issues Discussion Group 334, 335–6, Orientalism 149 337, 344 Orr, Robert 341 Peace Keeping Operations 335, 339, 340 Osabe, Crown Prince 32 162 Osaka 77, 86, 87, 88, 94, 118, 119, 121, Pearl Harbor 248, 256 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 132, 200, 316, Pearson, Richard 436 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 610 26.3.2009 9:05am

610 INDEX

Peattie, Mark 226, 234, 251, 253 printing 120–2 peerage 397 priority production plan 302 Pekkanen, Robert 295 private sphere 176 Pempel, T. J. 286, 341 Privy Council 159, 160 pension system 308, 318 production control strikes 272, 499 Perez, Louis 148 productivity 498, 500, 504 periodization 6, 13–14, 30, 32, 34, 38, proletarian literature 198, 270 47–8, 69, 372 proletarian political parties 246 peripheries 39, 48, 61–2, 74, 90–1, 114, propaganda 190, 213 143, 145, 184, 201, 229, 234, 235, 321, property rights 356–7, 361, 373, 379 424–38 prostitution 271, 362, 374, 376, 379, 380 Perry, Matthew 72, 76, 80, 86, 144, 208 protectionism 505–6 pesticides 325, 485, 486, 487 protest, popular 72, 73, 74, 97, 145, 147, Pflugfelder, Gregory 143, 146, 147, 374 160, 162–3, 164, 282, 326, 435, 450–1, Pharr, Susan 271, 285, 287, 380, 396 471, 482, 484, 485, 497, 499, 504, 511 Philippines 402, 414, 535 protoindustrialization 90–1, 92, 177, 181 Pillow Book of Sei Sho¯nagon 36, 352 Proust, Marcel 198 pilots 251, 252 Prussia 532 Pincus, Leslie 244, 247 public health 317, 515 pirates see wako¯ public housing 321 Pittau, Joseph 149 Public Order and Police Law 496 planning, economic 229, 302, 447 public sphere 102 Platt, Brian 174 ‘‘public works state’’ 453, 455 Plaza Accord 305, 307, 311, 416 publishing 119–20, 122, 129–32, 145, 362, period 14–15, 16, 18 464 pluralism 284 Pulitzer Prize 4, 212 Poe, Edgar Allan 199 Pure Land Sutra 57 poetry 53, 111, 118, 119, 122, 123, 131, 466 Qing dynasty 108, 127, 129, 234, 533, 536 Poke´mon 460, 470 quality control circles 501 police 229, 274 Quigley, Harold 292 pollution 316, 321, 322, 329n4, 446, 511 popular culture 101–2, 120, 128, 189, 255, race 394, 409, 412, 413, 426 267, 416, 417, 418–20, 460–73 racial hygiene 378 definition of 460–3 racism 213, 248 population 71, 81n5, 87, 94, 95–6, 231, radar 251 477, 478, 479, 486 radio 162, 270, 321–2, 328, 413, 469 Port Arthur, Battle of 214 railroads 180, 182, 192, 227, 233, 253, 328, Portsmouth, Treaty of 214 397, 502 Portugal 58, 70, 87, 121, 208, 468 rakugo 467, 468 post office 447 Ramseyer, Mark 159, 160–1, 284, 292–3 postcolonialism 149, 215 rangaku (Dutch learning) 108–9, 129, 364 postmodernism 3, 225, 294, 461 rape 359 poststructuralism 5 Rape of Nanking see Nanjing massacre 255, 413 rational choice theory 3, 159, 281, 284, 17, 18, 19, 53, 54, 62, 120, 127, 285–6, 289–90, 291–3, 294–5, 298 192 rationalization, industrial 166, 498, 500, poverty 507 501, 505 Pratt, Edward 88, 90, 92, 177 Ravina, Mark 73, 74, 93–4, 432 prime ministers 157, 158, 159 raw materials 248 primogeniture 360, 495 Reagan, Ronald 519 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 611 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 611 real estate market 305, 308, 321, 324 Rosenbluth, Frances 159, 160–1, 284, realism 333, 336, 338, 344 292–3 Reber, Emily 396 Ro¯yama Michio 337 Rebun Island 12 rubber 248 reception studies 462 Ruch, Barbara 58 recycling 445 rural Japan 201, 229, 245, 268, 282, 318, Red Cross 376 325, 326, 450–1, 464, 477–87, 531 Red Purge 499 definition of 477–8 Reed, Steven 285–6, 293 economy 89–90, 91–2, 97, 177–8, 183, reform bureaucrats 244 243, 390, 479–80 regions, Japanese 79, 80, 95, 96, 97, 173, Russell, John 472 372, 424–38, 480 Russia 76, 208, 211, 214, 226, 418, 437, registration, household 109, 327, 363, 445, 530, 534, 535 482–3 Russian Revolution 162, 497, 533 Reischauer, Edwin 140, 477 Russo-Japanese War 178, 191, 211, 213, Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies 5 214, 215, 227, 231, 535, 536 religion 44, 53–8, 79, 144, 355 Ryu¯ Shintaro¯ 514 remilitarization 316 Ryu¯kyu¯ Islands 13, 14, 15, 16–17, 19, 22, renga 118 23, 58, 62, 72, 74, 76, 87, 123, 142, Rengo¯ 505 149, 150, 201, 215, 235, 275, 329, 335, reparations 414 336, 411, 427, 431, 436–7, 438, 468 Republican China 234, 269 Ryu¯kyu¯an languages 16, 17 ‘‘reverse course’’ 265, 266, 267, 273, 274 Ryu¯tei Tanehiko 131 Reynolds, E. Bruce 248 rice 18, 20, 22, 77, 88, 96, 111, 228, 325, sabi (melancholy) 466, 467 340, 391, 426, 444, 478, 480, 481, 483, Saga-bon 125 485, 486 Saicho¯ 57 rice riots (1918) 160, 162, 178, 377, 435 Said, Edward 144, 147, 407 Richie, Donald 466–7, 469–70 Saigo¯ Takamori 141, 156 Richter, Giles 146 Saigo¯ Tsugumichi 157 Rinpa 125, 127 157, 158, 537 Rinzai sect 54, 120, 127 Saito¯ Osamu 95, 181 risshin shusse (success in life) 176, 191 Saito¯ Takao 245, 246 ritsuryo¯ system 22, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, Sakaguchi Ango 264 351–5, 362, 425 59, 118 rivers 448, 453–4 Sakai Ho¯itsu 127 Rivers Law 454 Sakai, Naoki 144 Rix, Alan 344 Sakai Toshihiko 536 Roberson, James 398 Sakaki Hyakusen 126 Roberts, Glenda 398 Sakakibara Eisuke 453 Roberts, Luke 73, 74, 93, 94, 432–3 Sakamoto, Pamela 210 Robertson, Jennifer 471 Sakamoto Ryo¯ma 141 Robinson, Ronald 226 Sakamoto Sho¯zo¯ 38 Roden, Donald 175, 176, 196 Sakamoto Yoshikazu 337 Rodrigues, Joa˜o 121 Sakata To¯ju¯ro¯ 124 Rogowski, Ronald 288 88, 92, 94, 181, 478 Rohlen, Thomas 283, 287, 395 Sakhalin 13, 15, 109, 225, 235, 255 Romantic School (Romanha) 200, 201–2, Sakishima Islands 16 538, 540 (closed country) 22, 58–9, 86–7, ro¯nin (masterless samurai) 79 207–8, 210, 389 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 248 salarymen 176, 192, 319, 327 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 612 26.3.2009 9:05am

612 INDEX same-sex sexuality 128, 139, 143, 146–7, seinendan (youth corps) 484 197, 355, 374, 376–7, 378 Seito¯ (Bluestocking) 194–5, 472 samsara 55, 56 Seiyu¯kai 158, 160, 161–4, 165, 537 Samuels, Richard 161, 284 Seki Hajime 179 samurai 30, 33, 37, 41, 48–50, 51, 60, 72, Seki Shizuo 213 78–9, 88, 119, 123, 124, 180, 351, 356, Sekigahara, Battle of 70, 75 358, 360, 373, 390, 391, 393, 429–30, Sekiguchi Hiroko 351 431, 432, 463, 465, 466, 529, 530, 531 Selden, Mark 215 San Francisco Treaty 275 Self-Defense Forces 335, 336, 338, 339, Sanbetsu 499 340, 345 Sand, Jordan 146, 175, 176, 192 self-esteem movement 522–3 sanitation 96 Sen no Rikyu¯ 127 sankin ko¯tai (alternate attendance) 76–7, 87, 122 93, 118, 119, 360, 391 sengoku (warring states) period 47, 70, 72, Sano Manabu 199, 538 357, 358–9, 360, 429, 431 Sansom, Sir George 1, 142 seniority wages 310, 493, 496, 502, 506 Sapporo 487 Senshu¯ Fujiatsu 395 (monkey music) 466 September 11, 2001 309, 342 Sasaki, Atsuko 373 service sector 316 Sasaki Takashi 145 sessho¯ 35 Sasaki-Uemura, Wesley 517 sewerage 449, 455 Sat-Cho¯ clique 156 sex industry 328, 361–2 Sato, Barbara 175, 176, 378, 472 sex tours 328 Sato¯ Eisaku 275, 337 sexologists 176 Sato¯ Seizaburo¯ 282 sexual harassment 501 Sato¯ Yo¯ichiro¯ 341 sexuality 146–7, 176, 194, 195, 196–7, 271, 156, 157, 391, 530, 531 272, 354, 373–4, 378, 379, 472 535 Shakai Taishu¯to¯ 165 Satsumon period 14, 17 shamans 352 saving 305, 447 shamisen 123, 468 Sawara, Prince 32–3 Shanghai 253 Scalapino, Robert 149, 282 sharebon (books of wit) 130 scandals 286 Shibusawa Eiichi 141 Schaller, Michael 266 Shidehara Kijuro¯ 249 Schallow, Paul 374 Shiga Naoya 197 Schencking, J. Charles 211 Shiga Shigetaka 532 Schlesinger, Jacob 285 Shigemitsu Mamoru 254, 538–9 Schnell, Scott 145 Shikitei Sanba 131 Schodt, Frederik 148 15, 94, 413, 425 Schonberger, Howard 266 Shils, Edward 424 Schoppa, Leonard 341 70, 72, 75, 109 Schwartz, Frank 287 Shimaki Kensaku 199 science 190, 202, 410, 469 Shimizu Ikutaro¯ 334, 337 scientific management 498, 501 Shimizu Shikin 376 Scott, James 144 Shimoina 91, 94, 145, 184, 436 Scott, John 389 Shimonoseki 139, 150 security, national 334–8, 344–5, 523 Shingon 35, 44, 54, 106 Sedgewick, Henry 195 shinhanga 193 See Heng Teow 214 Shinran 56, 57 Sei Sho¯nagon 36, 352 ¯ 33, 53, 60, 103, 106, 107, 132, 243, Seikyo¯sha 532–3 245, 271, 445, 528, 534 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 613 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 613 shipbuilding industry 501 34, 54 Shirai Taishiro 493 Sony 322 Shirakaba group 197 So¯to¯ sect 54, 396 114 Souryi, Pierre Francois 429 Shirayanagi Shu¯ko 536 South Asia 328, 414 shisho¯setsu (‘‘I’’ novel) 197, 467 South Korea 337, 342, 402, 414, 416, Shively, Donald 392 417, 419 sho¯en (estates) 33, 34, 35, 38, 40, 41, 44, South Manchurian Railway 230, 233, 243 355–6, 394, 428–9, 430 215, 233, 248, 328, 342, sho¯gun 38, 51, 52, 69, 70, 73–4, 76, 357, 381, 408, 414, 416, 425, 427 361 Soviet Union 167, 198, 234, 250, 251, Sho¯heiko¯ Academy 103 255, 339 Sho¯toku, Empress 32 soy sauce 88, 479, 483 Sho¯wa emperor 161, 212, 249–50, 254, Spain 208 255–6, 317, 413, 537, 539 sports 149, 469 Sho¯wa Kenkyu¯kai 166, 244, 247 stabilization, economic 274–5 shugo 30 Stalin, Joseph 255 shunto¯ (spring labor offensive) 503, 504, 506 Starrs, Roy 197 Siberian Intervention 209 state, Japanese 141, 143, 148, 156, 160–1, Sievers, Sharon 146, 176 173–5, 181–3, 202, 224, 230–2, 235, Silberman, Bernard 161 273–5, 306, 372, 373–4, 382, 427, 87, 89, 91, 94, 98n10, 178, 182, 436, 433–6, 470, 511–15, 521, 528, 529, 478, 482, 484 532, 538, 539, 541 Silverberg, Miriam 193, 378 status, social 173, 287, 351, 364, 389–90, Singapore 342 392, 393, 431, 432, 463, 498, 499, 501, Sino-Japanese War 183, 210, 212, 213, 231, 513, 529 411, 533, 534 steel industry 181, 501, 503 skilled labor 496, 500, 501, 502 Steele, William 143, 145, 435 Smethurst, Richard 177, 484–5 Steiner, Kurt 282–3 Smith, Kerry 177–8, 243 Steinhoff, Patricia 283 Smith, Thomas 73, 88, 89–90, 93, 94–5, Stephan, John 211 181, 483 Steven, Rob 400 Smits, Gregory 437 Stevens, Carolyn 398, 516 soap operas 470 Stimson, Henry 254 social bureaucrats 163 stock market 243, 305, 308, 311 Social Darwinism 534 Stockwin, J. A. A. 283, 292 Social Democratic Party 163 stone tools 17 social management 256 strategy, military 250–2, 256 Social Stratification and Social Mobility stratification, social 389–93, 397–403 Survey 398, 400, 402, 403 strikes 178, 398, 497, 499, 500, 502, 503–4 socialism 162, 194, 246, 267, 283, 375, Strinati, Dominic 461 377, 378, 497, 535, 536, 537 student activism 272, 322–3, 379 Society for Rural Studies 479 subcontracting 304, 501 So¯do¯mei 163, 497, 499 submarines 251 sodomy 358 suburban villages 479 soft exports 419–20, 470 suburbanization 192, 321, 325 soft power 418 Su¯den 109 Soga Sho¯haku 126 suffrage movement, women’s 377–8, 379, So¯hyo¯ 499, 501, 502, 503, 505 381 Solomon Islands 252 suffrage, universal manhood 160, 162, 164 Sone Hiromi 362 sugar 228 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 614 26.3.2009 9:05am

614 INDEX

Sugawara no Michizane 36 Takizawa Bakin 364 Sugihara Chiune 210 takuhan (stone rubbing) 121 Sugita Genpaku 109, 113 Tale of 30, 36, 44, 107, 121, 131, 210, Sugiura Yukio 189–90, 191 352, 355, 363, 466 suicide 198, 271, 359, 378, 465 Tale of the Heike 358 Suiheisha 395 Tales of Ise 121 Suminokura Soan 125 Tamanoi, Mariko 378 Sumitomo zaibatsu 182 Tamenaga Shunsui 130 ¯ 122, 362, 460, 467, 470 Tamura Taijiro¯ 269 sumptuary laws 78, 392, 431, 463, 478 Tamura Toshiko 377 117 Tanabe Hajime 245 Suny, Ronald 234 Tanaka Gi’ichi 249, 250 supreme command, right of 159, 161, 162, Tanaka Kakuei 316, 329n5 250, 398 Tanaka Mitsui 381 Supreme Commander for the Allied Tanaka, Stefan 147, 148 Powers 265, 268, 271, 273–4, 276n3 Tanaka Yasuo 323 460 Tanaka, Yuki 380 Suzuki, D. T. 245 33, 34, 35, 351, 354, 468 Suzuki Harunobu 125 Tani Buncho¯ 127 Suzuki Ichiro¯ 419, 420, 470 Tanizaki Jun’ichiro¯ 190, 192, 195, 196, 197, hunt 74, 391, 478 200–1 system society 521, 522 Tanuma Okitsugu 76 tariffs 182 Tachibana Kosaburo¯ 201 Tatsu’uma Kiyo 146 Tadano Makuzu 133, 364 Tawaraya So¯tatsu 125 Taiheiyo senso¯ e no michi 209 taxation 35, 39, 40, 56, 70, 75, 77, 79, Reforms 469 81n4, 88, 89, 93, 110, 158, 180, 288, Taira Kiyomori 30, 37 308, 353, 354, 361, 391, 427, 431, 481, Taira Masakado 40 482, 484 tairiku ro¯nin (continental adventurers) 535 Tayasu Munetake 132 Taisho¯ democracy 161, 162, 163 tea ceremony 53, 54, 118, 119, 123, 127 Taisho¯ emperor 163, 372 technology 17–19, 75, 89, 90, 92, 120–2, Taisho¯ period 175–6 182, 183, 201, 202–3, 229, 251, 268, Taiwan 148, 210, 211, 215, 225, 228, 229, 306, 307, 326, 415, 464, 471, 481–3, 230, 233, 234, 235, 253, 326, 342, 411, 485, 486, 495, 500, 501, 502, 517 412, 414, 416, 417, 418–19, 437, 470, Teijin Incident 242 534, 539 telecommunications 230 expedition to (1874) 150 telephones 322 Takahashi finance 183 television 321, 324, 328, 461, 467, 518 Takahashi Hidenao 210 Temmu, Emperor 32 Takahashi, Yutaka 450 temples 41, 54, 75, 109, 390, 427 Takamae Eiji 212, 273 tenancy 89, 177, 397, 479, 480, 483, 484, Takarazuka Revue 378, 471, 472 485 Takashima coal mine 534 tenant farmer unions 162, 484 Takayama Chogyu¯ 534, 537 35, 44, 54 Takebashi Girls’ School 375 , Emperor 32 Katsuyori 359 109 70 tenko¯ (conversion) 198–9 Takemoto Gidayu¯ 123 tenno¯ (emperor) 107, 352 Takeuchi Rizo¯ 31 see also imperial institution Takeuchi Yoshimi 539–40 tennosei (emperor system) 149, 434 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 615 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 615

Terada Takashi 344 University 322 textiles 18, 88, 89, 91, 92, 146, 178, 180, Tokyo Women’s Reform Society 376 181, 182, 302, 381, 495 Tominaga Kenichi 400–1 Thailand 416, 470 Tomioka Filature 182 Thatcher, Margaret 519 445, 446, 447, 449, 450 Thayer, Nathaniel 282, 283, 292 To¯no 325 theory, historical 143–4, 147, 149, 150, 430 Tonomura, Hitomi 78, 429–30 Thomas, Julia 149 Tora-san films 325 tin 248 Kiyonaga 125 Tipton, Elise 241–2, 378 Torii Kiyonobu 125 To¯aDo¯bunkai 214 74, 77, 93, 94, 156, 157, 391, Toba, Emperor 37, 40 432, 433, 530, 531 Toby, Ronald 86–7 Tosa school 125 Tocco, Martha 363, 373 To¯shiba 504 Tocqueville, Alexis de 511 To¯shiba strike 499, 500 To¯ 54 total war 211 To¯go Heihachiro¯ 214 totalitarianism 248 To¯hoku region 17, 325 Totman, Conrad 75, 76, 390, 391, 433 To¯jo¯ Hideki 167, 245 To¯yama Mitsuru 535 To¯kaido¯ 128 To¯yama Shigeki 142, 539, 541 Toki Tsukubako 133 Toyota 500, 501, 504 Tokto/Takeshima Island 418 71, 74, 75, 113, 117, Tokugawa bakufu 70–1, 73–4, 75–8 120, 360, 391, 431, 478 Tokugawa Ienobu 104, 361 Toys ‘‘R’’ Us 341 Tokugawa Ietsugu 104, 361 tozama daimyo¯ 432 70, 75, 103, 109, 117, trade, international 58–62, 71, 72, 86–7, 120, 360, 431 118, 182, 183, 212–13, 243, 248, 299, Tokugawa period 22, 47, 69–80, 86–97, 304–5, 311, 316, 342, 343, 344, 389, 101–14, 117–33, 174, 207–8, 210, 212, 414, 415, 416, 419–20, 426, 427, 437 213, 244, 353, 360–4, 373–4, 389–93, Trade Union Law 499 394, 399, 431–3, 437, 444–5, 463–4, trading companies 230, 486 466, 468, 470–1, 472, 478–9, 481–3, transnational history 215, 223, 225, 234 495, 496, 512, 529–30 transportation 101, 181 culture 117–33, 192 transwar continuity 300, 302, 303 economy and society 86–97 travel 61, 77, 119, 128, 149, 328, 465 government and politics 69–80 Treat, John Whittier 3 intellectual and religious history 101–14 treaty ports 225, 230 legacy of 133, 174 534 Tokugawa Tsunayoshi 76 Truman, Harry 253–5 Tokugawa Yoshimune 108, 129, 132 Trust Fund Bureau 447 Tokunaga Sunao 198 Tsuchida Kyo¯son 189, 195 Tokushima domain 93, 94, 432 Tsuchimochi, Gary 212 Tokutomi Soho¯ 532, 533, 536 Tsuda College 375 Tokuyama Gyokuran 132 Tsuda English Academy 376 Tokyo 91, 141, 145, 157, 163, 164, 175, Tsuda Umeko 375 194, 196, 200, 232, 317, 320–1, 419, Tsuga Teisho 129 433, 435, 436, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, Tsugaru Strait 15 452, 471, 479, 480, 516 Tsukuba 449 Tokyo Imperial University 245 tsunami 15 Tokyo Olympics 316 Tsunoda Jun 208 Tokyo Stock Exchange 305 Tsuru Shigeto 269 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 616 26.3.2009 9:05am

616 INDEX

Tsurumi, Patricia 146, 147, 178–9, 376 Viagra 381 Tsuruya Nanboku IV 125 Victoria, Brian 245 Tsushima 61, 72 video games 470 Turner, Christena 398 War 73, 266, 316, 322, 327, 337, Twenty-one Demands 209 414 typhoons 447 villages 78, 79, 433, 481–3 violence 358–9 Uchida Ryo¯hei 535 virginity 354, 358 Uchimura Kanzo¯ 191, 533, 534, 536 Vlastos, Stephen 74, 97, 144 Uda, Emperor 35–6 Vogel, Ezra 283, 343, 398 Udono Yonoko 133 Vogel, Suzanne 380 Ueda Akinari 129 volcanoes 15, 451 Uemori Naoyuki 147 volunteerism 511, 512, 515–21, 522–3, 524 70 Uji 127 Wa people 21 ukiyo-e 125–6 wabi (rusticism) 466, 467 Umezu Yoshiro¯ 538–9 Wada Hiroo 301 unemployment 3, 8, 320, 505, 506, 507 Wada Tomiko 195 unequal treaties 182, 211, 275, 531 Wagatsuma Hiroshi 394 uniqueness, Japanese 141, 142, 288, 502 waitresses 376, 378 Unit 100 252 118, 119, 131, 132 Unit 731 252 Wakamatsu Shizuko 376 United Nations 335, 340, 382, 418 wakamonogumi (young men’s United States 167, 181, 214, 215, 255, 333, associations) 481, 484 334, 340, 344, 413, 414, 420, 498, 501 Wakita Haruko 354 United States–Japan relations 209, 212–13, Wakita Osamu 391 214, 248–9, 311, 315–16, 334–9, 341, wako¯ (Japanese pirates) 60–1 342–5 wakon yo¯sai (Western science to preserve universities 322–3, 374, 397 Eastern ethics) 73 Unno Fukuju 208 Walker, Brett 74, 75, 210, 437 Uno, Kathleen 179, 376 Walker, J. Samuel 254 Upham, Frank 396 Wallerstein, Immanuel 424, 425 urban farming 482 Walthall, Anne 74, 97, 144, 146, 373, 376, urban history 175 464 urban planning 253 Waltz, Kenneth 338 urbanization 71, 79, 81n5, 87, 101, 119, Wanfusi 127 189, 193, 320, 399, 449, 477, 478, 479 Wang Yangming 104 US–Japan Security Treaty 275, 335–6, 337, war brides 380 338, 342, 344, 416 war crimes 250, 413, 416 US–Japan Security Treaty riots 282, 316, war guilt 418, 539 322, 379, 517, 540 Ward, Robert 286 Usui Katsumi 209 warriors see samurai Utagawa Kunisada 126 Washington Conference 163, 211 Utagawa Kuniyoshi 126 446 Watase Jo¯kichi 534 Valentino, Rudolph 469 water control 443–55 Vale´ry, Paul 198 Water Resources Development Promotion van Wolferen, Karel 285 Law 447 Vaporis, Constantine 78 water supply 449, 450, 455 vegetables 482, 487 Waters, Neil 435 Versailles Treaty 537 Watsuji Tetsuro¯ 201, 244 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 617 26.3.2009 9:05am

INDEX 617

Weber, Max 479 World War I 162, 181, 189, 198, 208–9, Wei dynasty 352 211, 212, 226, 228, 251, 267, 269, 274, Wei zhi 13, 21, 23n2, 352 299, 377, 434, 469, 536, 537 Weiner, Michael 178, 179, 437 World War II 189, 211, 215, 224, 225, 269, welfare, corporate 496, 497 299, 300, 303, 326, 328, 342, 412, 416, Western Jin dynasty 352 450, 464, 477, 480, 494, 521, 537, 538 Wetzler, Peter 250 253–5 white collar workers 495, 496, 498, 500, wartime economy, legacy of 302 506 Wray, William 180 White, Geoffrey 215 Wright, Frank Lloyd 194 White, Hayden 143 White, James 74, 76, 97 Yajima Kajiko 376 Wigen, Ka¨ren 90–1, 94, 143, 145, 147, 173, Yamada Masahiko 320 183–4, 436 Yamaga Soko¯ 104, 106, 108 Williams, David 245 141, 157, 158, 160, 161, Williams, Raymond 430 163, 226 Willoughby, Charles 273 Yamaji Aizan 144 Wilson, Sandra 242 Yamakawa Kikue 88, 195, 373, 377 Wilson, Woodrow 537 Yamamoto Isoroku 211 women Yamamoto Masahiro 252 and Buddhism 56–7 Yamamoto Taketoshi 144 early modern 360–4, 373–4 Yamamoto Tsunetomo 122 economic roles 88, 98n10, 146, 172, 176, Yamamura, Kozo 90, 95, 181 179, 318–20, 373, 375–6, 378, 380–1 Yamanouchi Yasushi 521 and education 319 21, 352 and the family 95, 110, 146, 268 17, 425, 426, 529 interwar 377–9, 472 Yanagawa Seigan 133 and kabuki 124 Yanagisawa Kien 126 literacy 110, 119, 122, 363 Yanagita Kunio 201, 244, 325, 479–80, 540 and literature 128, 132–3 Yanaihara Tadao 245, 246, 265 Meiji Japan 374–7 Yanba Dam 450–1 and modernity 145, 190–3, 194–6, 203 Yano, Christine 468 under the occupation 271–2 Yasuda Yo¯ju¯ro¯ 202, 538, 540 in politics 74, 80, 179, 285, 288, 322, Yasuda zaibatsu 182 352, 375, 377, 379–80 Yasuoka Okiharu 523 postwar 379–82, 419 Yasutani Haku’un 245 in ritsuryo¯ period 351–5 Yasutomo, Dennis 341 in 355–60 yatoi see oyatoi gaikokujin and work 493, 494, 495, 497, 500, Yawata Iron and Steel Works 182, 183 506–7, 508n19 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 23n1, Women’s Association 484–5 24n17 women’s movements 162, 233, 243, 322, yen, Japanese 275, 416 376–8, 381 Yi dynasty 59, 120 Women’s National Defense Association 377 Yoka High School 396 Women’s Normal School 375 Yokoi Tokiyoshi 480 woodblock printing 121, 122, 125–6, 148, Yo¯meigaku 104 464 yomihon (reading books) 129, 130 working class 403, 471 yonaoshi (millennarian) movements 79 world history, Japan in 4, 70, 172–3, 179, Yonemoto, Marcia 74, 80 248, 256, 267–70 Yoneyama, Lisa 215 world-system theory 424 Yonezawa domain 93–4, 432 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 618 26.3.2009 9:05am

618 INDEX

Yosa Buson 126, 132 60 Yosano Akiko 377 Yumoto Takehiko 534 Yoshida doctrine 335, 337, 344 Yusa Michiko 245 Yoshida Shigeru 266, 273, 334, 337, 540 Yuya Shizuko 133 Yoshie Akiko 353 Yu¯zonsha 537 Yoshimi Shun’ya 143, 145 Yoshimi Yoshiaki 252 zaibatsu 161–2, 165, 182–3, 242–3, 269, Yoshimoto Banana 323–4 300–1, 302 Yoshino Sakuzo¯ 162 zaibatsu, new 183, 185n39 Yoshizawa Ayame I 124 Zeami 466 Young, Louise 229, 231, 242, 243 52, 53, 54–5, 56, 59, 62, 103, 120, Young Men’s Christian Association 381 127, 244–5, 396, 466 Younger Dryas 15 Zero fighter 251–2 youth 194, 195, 506, 507, 515 Zhang Zuolin 241, 249 Yu¯ Miri 327 Zhu Xi 103, 104 Yu¯aikai 497 zoos 149 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 619 26.3.2009 9:05am Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 620 26.3.2009 9:05am