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Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 593 26.3.2009 9:05am Index 1940 system 303, 521 Akita, George 149 1955 system 540 akogare (yearning for America) 272 2–26 Incident 165, 249, 250, 537 Akutagawa Prize 197–8 Akutagawa Ryu¯nosuke 197–8 abacus 119 Aldous, Christopher 274 Abe Shinzo¯ 337 Aleutian Islands 414 Abe Tsunehisa 435 alienation, social 199, 203, 326 abortion 94, 95, 317, 319, 374, 381, 483 Allen, G. C. 173 academies, private 101, 102, 104, 111, Allison, Anne 380, 465 114, 132, 513 All-Japan Women’s Suffrage Congress 377 Administered Mass Organizations 255 Alperovitz, Gar 255 administrative guidance 504 Altaic languages 16 Adolphson, Mikael 42 Amano Ikuo 176 adoption 366n24 Amaterasu 107, 159, 353 adultery 354, 355, 358, 359, 362, 395 Americanism 202, 418 advertising 193, 320, 321, 328, 339n33, Amida Buddha 55 461, 465 Amino Yoshihiko 426–7, 428, 429, 430–1, aesthetics 107, 190, 196, 460, 461, 465–7, 436, 480 473 amphetamines 269 Afghanistan 335, 339 Amur River Society 535 Africa 226, 228, 328, 340 anarchism 162, 375, 536 age composition 317, 318 anatomy 107 agrarianism 480 Anderson, Benedict 144, 147 agriculture 18, 19–20,COPYRIGHTED 89–90, 92, 173, Anglo-Japanese MATERIAL alliance 208 179–80, 228, 229, 230, 306, 307, Anglo-Japanese relations 211, 212–13 325, 340, 376, 380, 392, 443, 444, anime 324, 416, 460, 467, 469, 470, 471, 445, 446, 449–50, 452, 453, 454 518 growth rates 179–80 Anna Incident 36 see also rural Japan Annales school 436 Ainu 14, 16, 17, 72, 92, 178, 210, 436, 437 anthropology 14, 23, 145, 398, 540 Ainu language 17 anti-militarism 344–5 Aizawa Seishisai 530, 537 anti-monopoly laws 301 akarui seikatsu (bright life) 321 Aoki Ryo¯ichi 487 Akera Kanko¯ 133 Arai Hakuseki 76, 104 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 594 26.3.2009 9:05am 594 INDEX Arakawa River 449 atrocities, wartime 212, 228, 241, 252, 256, Araki Moriaki 430 418 Araki Sadao 251 Aum Shinrikyo¯ 317, 326 Arakida Reijo (Rei) 133, 373 Auslin, Michael 148, 208 archaeology 13–23, 25n75, 425 Australia 337, 342 architecture, domestic 192 Austronesian languages 16 area studies 293–4 authoritarianism 166, 168, 210, 246 Ariizumi Sadao 435 Auto Workers’ Federation 500 ‘‘Arirang’’ 469 automobile industry 504 Arisawa Hiromi 246, 301 aviation, naval 251–2 Arishima Takeo 191 Awa Maru 215 aristocracy 30, 41, 268, 273, 352, 358, 390, Axis powers 248, 249, 250 398, 465–6 Ayukawa Yoshisuke (Gisuke) 213, 246 Ariyama Teruo 145 Azuchi castle 117 Ariyoshi Sawako 318, 487 army, Japanese 157, 159, 160, 165–6, 210, Baba Tsunego 165 211, 213, 226, 248, 251, 252 Bank for International Settlements 309 arsenals 182, 183 Bank of Japan 302, 307 art 43, 44, 62, 190, 270, 324, 373, 411, banking 90, 230, 243, 269, 300, 304, 305, 461, 467 306, 307, 486 Article 9 335, 336, 339 bankruptcies 306, 308 artisans 390, 496 barley 478 Asada Sadao 211, 213, 254 Barnhart, Michael 211 Asai Ryo¯i 128 Barshay, Andrew 244 Asakawa Kan’ichi 44 baseball 469, 470 Asakusa 196 Basho¯ Matsuo 113–14, 126, 132 Ashikaga family 49–50, 51, 59 basketry 18 see also Muromachi bakufu Batten, Bruce 427–8 Ashikaga Gakko¯ 102 Baudelaire, Charles 199 Ashikaga Takauji 49–50 Baxter, James 145 Ashikaga Yoshimasa 357 Beasley, W. G. 140, 142 Ashikaga Yoshimitsu 466 behavioralism 289, 291–2, 294 Ashio copper mine 446, 534 Belgium 480 Ashkenazi, Michael 471 Benjamin, Walter 463 Asia, Japanese relations with 142, 148, 208, benshi (film narrators) 467 288, 315, 317, 328, 340–3, 345, Berger, Gordon 161 407–20, 470, 534 beriberi 478 Asian Monetary Fund 342 Bernstein, Gail 176, 380 Asian Monroe Doctrine 227 Berry, Mary Elizabeth 3 Asianism 140 Best, Anthony 248 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Big Bang, financial 308–9 Forum 342 biography 149, 157 assassinations 165, 537 biota 14–15 assimilation 412 birth control 197, 319, 378, 381 Association for Southeast Asian Nations 342, birth control pill 319, 381 343 Bix, Herbert 74, 97, 212, 250, 254 Asuka era 14 black culture in Japan 472 Atarashii rekishi kyo¯kasho (New History black market 269, 274 Textbook) 148 blue collar workers 495, 498, 499–500 atomic bombs 253–5, 336, 338 Bodiford, William 396 Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 595 26.3.2009 9:05am INDEX 595 Boku Shunkin 232 by-employments 91, 93 Book of Five Rings 122 Byrnes, James 254 Boshin Rescript 194 Boshin War 72 cabinet 157, 159, 161, 250 Botsman, Daniel 87 cafes 195 Bourdieu, Pierre 118 Calder, Kent 340 Bowen, Roger 144, 480 California 231 Boxer Uprising 214 calligraphy 119 Bradley, James 252 Cambodia 339 Brazil 402 Cambridge History of Japan 4–5, 6, 7, 30, Brazilian Japanese 328, 329 31, 43, 44, 147, 391, 428–9 Bretton Woods System 299, 300, 304, 307, capitalism 142, 165, 196, 197, 242, 247, 311, 416 266, 284, 285, 299, 303, 306, 307, 336, Brinton, Mary 381 344, 417, 420, 424, 425, 427, 428, 436, bronze 18, 22 446, 461, 463, 464, 470 Brook, Timothy 253 Japanese 303 Brooks, Barbara 237n46, 249 Carson, Rachel 487 Brown, Philip 74, 433 cartels 242, 304, 306 bubble economy 300, 302–3, 305–8, 311, cartoons, political 189–90, 469 316, 324, 343, 417, 494, 507 caste 393, 394, 531 Buddhism 20, 30, 32, 33, 35, 44, 53–8, castle towns 78, 79, 87, 88, 390, 393, 463, 101, 103, 106–7, 109, 112, 121, 122, 478 127, 129, 132, 144, 243, 244–5, 353, castles 117, 119 362, 396, 428, 466, 487, 512 censorship 146, 242, 245, 463, 464, 469, budget, national 158 471 bullet train 316 censuses 35, 38, 39, 391 Bungakkai 201 center–periphery 424–38 bunjin (literati) 126, 127 see also peripheries bunka seikatsu (cultured life) 191–2 Central Council for Education 519 bunmei kaika (civilization and centralization 432, 433 enlightenment) 73, 202 Certeau, Michel de 430 bunraku see jo¯ruri Chakrabarty, Dipesh 144 burai-ha (decadent) writers 269 chambara films 72 Buraku Liberation League 394, 395–6 Chamberlain, Basil Hall 394 buraku mondai 394 Chang, Iris 252 burakumin 75, 77, 162, 287, 326–7, 391, character goods 470 393–7 ‘‘checkbook diplomacy’’ 541 bureaucracy 33, 38, 71, 75, 158, 159, chemical industry 181, 302 160–1, 164, 166, 167, 175, 201, 202, Cheng brothers 103, 104 229, 248, 269, 273, 274, 284, 286, 288, Chie no Naishi 133 301, 340–1, 351–2, 355, 357, 360, 361, Chikamatsu Monzaemon 123, 124, 465, 374, 397, 432, 434, 448, 450, 451, 452, 466, 471 453, 455, 480, 497, 504, 507, 514, 516, childcare 507 533, 539 China 17, 18, 21, 22, 34, 43, 52, 53, 54, 58, burial mounds 13–14, 21–3, 365n7 59–62, 72, 75, 78, 87, 102, 103, 106, Burkman, Thomas 209 107, 108, 109, 110, 113, 114, 118, 122, Burks, Ardath 141 123, 125, 127, 132, 147, 148, 150, 178, Burma 233 182, 183, 208, 209, 211, 213, 214, 215, Burns, Susan 147, 374 225, 226, 227, 228, 229–30, 233–4, bushido¯ 250, 479 243, 248, 249, 252, 253, 255, 268, 309, Tsutsui / Companion to Japanese History 1405116900_6_Index Final Proof page 596 26.3.2009 9:05am 596 INDEX China (cont’d ) condoms 319 316, 342, 351, 352, 362, 363, 408, Confucianism 33, 93, 101–5, 106, 107, 108, 409, 411, 412, 417, 418, 419, 420, 109–10, 111, 112–14, 120–1, 122, 425, 437, 445, 466, 468, 499, 528, 126, 130, 140, 178, 304, 351, 352, 355, 530, 534, 535, 537 363, 364, 374, 375, 391, 392, 409, 465, China War 164, 166, 172, 210, 228, 241, 466, 468, 512 242, 245, 248, 252, 303, 328, 377 Conroy, Hilary 208, 212 Cho¯ Ko¯ran 133 conscription 173, 523, 533 cho¯nin (townspeople) 104, 125, 131, 464, constitution (1946) 267, 273, 275, 316, 465, 466 328, 335, 337, 339, 344, 345, 379–80, chori see burakumin 381, 398, 403, 523, 539 Cho¯shu¯ domain 89, 139, 156, 157, 482, constitutional revision 523 530, 531 constitutionalism 289, 292 Christianity 101, 107, 108, 109–110, 112, ‘‘construction state’’ 14, 454, 455 118, 120, 144, 191, 243, 245, 251, 271, constructivism 333 375, 376, 513, 528, 533, 534, 535, 536 consular police, Japanese 211 Chu¯shingura 88 consumption 88, 93, 96, 180, 192–3, 202, cities 190, 199, 201, 267, 284, 390, 463 269, 301, 308–9, 310, 320, 321–2, 323, citizens’ movements 282, 283, 284, 315, 329, 379, 399, 419, 445, 448, 462, 464, 321, 322–3, 326, 379, 417, 480, 484, 465, 469, 472, 486 485, 511, 515, 517, 520 convergence of Japan with the West 284, citizenship 322 310, 326 civil rights 532 Coox, Alvin 250–1 civil service 158, 533 Copeland, Rebecca 376 civil society 111, 229, 230–2, 233, 287–8, Cornell, John 394 453, 511–24 Cornell, Laurel 95, 363, 488n31 Clark, William Smith 142 corporate governance 304, 305, 308, class, social 22, 74, 156, 164, 301, 364, 372, 310–11 380, 389, 390, 394, 396, 397, corporatism 167, 229, 288, 498 398–403, 438, 529 corruption 78, 79, 162, 242, 285, 317, climate 14–15 329n5, 511 Coble, Parks 253 corve´e labor 481 cold war 225, 255, 266, 267, 271, 272, 275, cotton 88, 89, 90, 178, 181, 182, 482 315, 334, 336, 338, 342, 344, 408, 414, Craig, Albert 377 415, 416, 417, 469 cram schools 319, 320, 323 Cole, Robert 398 Crawcour, Sidney 90, 180, 181 Collcutt, Martin 2 Crayon Shin-chan 467 Collier, David 294 crime 270, 274 colonial modernity 233 cultural studies 271 colonialism, Japanese 209–10, 225, 228–30, Cultured Life Research Association 191 411, 412, 416, 437, 469 Curtis, Gerald 282, 283, 287 comfort women 228, 252, 379, 381, 417 Cominform 272 Daido¯ji Yu¯zan 123 communism 162, 166, 198, 267, 270, 271, Daigo, Emperor 35, 39 366, 447, 497 daimyo¯ 70–2, 73–4, 76–8, 117, 119, 391, Communist Party 162, 198, 270, 272, 283, 394 395–6, 517, 538 Dajo¯kan (Grand Council of State) 38, 532 comparative politics 288, 289 dams 447, 448, 449–53, 454, 455 Comprehensive National Development
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  • Satoyama Landscapes and Their Change in a River Basin Context: Lessons for Sustainability

    Satoyama Landscapes and Their Change in a River Basin Context: Lessons for Sustainability

    Issues in Social Science ISSN 2329-521X 2016, Vol. 5, No. 1 Satoyama Landscapes and Their Change in A River Basin context: Lessons for Sustainability Shamik Chakraborty (Corresponding author) Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability (IAS), United Nations University 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8925, Japan Tel: 81-3-5467-1212 E-mail: [email protected] Abhik Chakraborty Center for Tourism Research, Wakayama University 930 Sakaedani, Wakayama city, Wakayama, 649-8441, Japan Tel: 81-73-456-7025 Email: [email protected] Received: March 10, 2017 Accepted: April 6, 2017 Published: June 14, 2017 doi:10.5296/iss.v5i1.10892 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v5i1.10892 Abstract 'Satoyama' denotes a mosaic of different landscape-types that has sustained agrarian societies for millennia in Japan. These landscapes have undergone degradation during the past few decades. While satoyama is a consistently referred term in landscape management in Japan, little attention is given to how such landscapes undergo change in large spatial units such as river basins. This study, based on documents and interviews, reviews how watershed level changes affect the functioning of such socioecological systems in the Kuma River Basin in Kyushu. Watershed properties of the Kuma River Basin changed during pre-modern and modern times and each phase left a lasting legacy on the landscape. The article analyzes how ecological connectivity became fragmented by identifying changes in ecosystem services, and concludes that while socio-ecological landscapes have a long history of human use; the human component cannot outgrow the fundamental biophysical processes that maintain ecosystem services and system resilience; these systems can undergo swift and irreversible degradation when ecological connectivity is fragmented.
  • Artful Adventures JAPAN an Interactive Guide for Families 56

    Artful Adventures JAPAN an Interactive Guide for Families 56

    Artful Adventures JAPAN An interactive guide for families 56 Your Japanese Adventure Awaits You! f See inside for details JAPAN Japan is a country located on the other side of the world from the United States. It is a group of islands, called an archipelago. Japan is a very old country and the Japanese people have been making beautiful artwork for thousands of years. Today we are going to look at ancient objects from Japan as well as more recent works of Japanese art. Go down the stairs to the lower level of the Museum. At the bottom of the steps, turn left and walk through the Chinese gallery to the Japanese gallery. Find a clay pot with swirling patterns on it (see picture to the left). This pot was made between 2,500 and 1,000 b.c., during the Late Jōmon period—it is between 3,000 and 4,500 years old! The people who lived in Japan at this time were hunter-gatherers, which means that they hunted wild animals and gathered roots and plants for food. The Jomon people started forming small communities, and began to make objects that were both beautiful and useful— like this pot which is decorated with an interesting pattern and was used for storage. Take a close look at the designs on this pot. Can you think of some words to describe these designs? Japanese, Middle to Late Jōmon period, ca. 3500–ca. 1000 B.C.: jar. Earthenware, h. 26.0 cm. 1. ............................................................................................................. Museum purchase, Fowler McCormick, Class of 1921, Fund (2002-297).