DOCSLIB.ORG

Ulrich Zwingli, the Patriotic Reformer : a History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

^xllLmcH ZWINGLI, THE PAT1UOTIC REFORMER. A HISTORY. REV. WM. M. BLACKBURN, AUTHOR OF " " WILLIAM FAREL," AONIO PALEARIO AND HIS FRIENDS," COLLEGE DAYS OF CALVIN," Ac., &c. PIITLADELPHIA: PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION, No. 821 CHESTNUT STREET. Eutered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, by THE TRUSTEES OF THE PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION, In the Clerk s Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. WESTOOTT & THOMSON, Stereotypes, Philada. rramil h i **..- PREFACE. No other reformer struck out a more original and independent course than Ulrich Zwingli. No other man attempted to be, at the same time, a preacher, author, statesman, military patriot and reformer. Why he gave such varied direction to his noble energies, and how well he succeeded in his efforts, it is partly the de sign of the present volume to show. His personal his is full of incidents his character rich tory interesting ; in his life a lesson admirable qualities ; public conveys upon the mingling of religion and politics which it may be well to ponder in later times. The author has en deavoured to set forth the man and his friends as they grew in piety and laboured together in studying the "Word of God, teaching and preaching the truth, and restoring the Church to the foundation of Christ and " his Apostles. It may serve as a companion to Wil liam thus Farel," making tolerably complete the pub lications of the Presbyterian Board upon the early 4 PREFACE. history of the Reformation in both French and German Switzerland. The authorities chiefly consulted are, The Life and Times of Ulrich Zwingli, by J. J. Hottinger Zwingli, or the Rise of the Reformation in Switzerland, by R. Christoffel Histoire de la Confederation Helvet- ique, par A. L. de Watteville Histoire de la Reforma tion de la Suisse, par Abram Ruchat D Aubigne s History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century Scott s Continuation of Milner Stebbing s History of the Church of Christ from the Diet of Augsburg to the Eighteenth Century Dupin s Ecclesiastical His tory Gailard s History of the Reformation Church Histories by Mosheim, Giesseler and Kurtz Gerdesii Historia Reformationis Sleidani, De statu religionis et reiptiblicae, Carolo Quinto Csesare, Commentarii Biog- raphie Universelle Le Grand Dictionnaire Histor- ique, par M. Louis Moreri Bayle s Dictionary Hert- zog s Real-Encyclopaedic fiir Protestant. Theologie und Kirche. Leben und Schriften der Vater und Begriin- der Reformirten Kirche Zschokke s History of Swit zerland Ledderhose s Life of Melancthon Cunning ham s Reformers and the Theology of the Reforma tion Calvin s Letters The Zurich Letters (by Parker Society) and Switzerland the Pioneer of the Reforma " tion, by the Countess Dora D Istria" (Madame Ghika). Reference is had also to such articles in various Reviews PREFACE. as a full sketch of Zwingli in Black wood s Magazine, and a life in the 1828, Bibliotheca Sacra, vols. viii. and ix. The field is not a new nor is it one, barren ; and it is that it be hoped may profitably reaped again for the benefit of the patrons of the Presbyterian Board. To the harvest no denomination of Christians holds an exclusive title. If the good seed of divine truth shall be found in the sheaves of this gleaning, and there be a soil for it in the reader s heart, the Lord may bless the volume now committed to his care. W. M. B. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE AGE OP CONVENTS. PAGE Irish Missionaries Columban dallus Convents of St. Gall and AVildhaus William Tell Swiss Confederacy 13 CHAPTER II. ULRICH, THE SHEPHERD-BOY. The Zwingli Family The Flocks on Mount Sentis Ulrich with his Uncle The Schools Ulrich Studies at Basle, Berne and Vienna Eck, Faber, Vadian Ulrich with Wittcmbach at Basle Capito Leo Juda M;ister s Degree 22 CHAPTER III. THE YOUNG PASTOR OP GLARIS. Ulrich Ordained A Devoted Pastor Bible-Studies Students 34 CHAPTER IV. THE PARSON TEMPTED TO WAR. Cardinal Schinner New Books for Zwingli Evils of War Parson Writes a Poem Appointed Chaplain in Army Studies Greek Visits Basle Meets Erasmus and Oswald Myconius Hears (Ecolampudius Again a Chaplain in Italian War Miiss-book Old Fervent Preaching Who was First, Zwingli or Luther? 39 7 10 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XV. HANS WIRTH AND HIS SONS. PAGE Res A Victim wanted by Bailiff Araberg Exlin Seized The Wirths rush to the cueAn Army Improvised Convent of Ittingen Burned The Wirths Arrested Hans and John Executed for their Tried by Torture Adrian set JFree 176 Faith^fwingli s Drcnm CHAPTER XVI. A LOOK WESTWARD. Vadian at St. Gall The Gospel in Appenzell Burkli teaches the Grisons Priest of Mayenfield Comander at Coire Zwingli s Brothers The Tockenburgers The Gospel in Glaris Grebel and the Fanatics : 187 CHAPTER XVII. A NEW CHAMPION. (Ecolampadius in a Convent Goes to Basle Receives William Farel Will he Agree with Luther or Zwingli? Disputation at Baden Contrast between Pa pists and Reformers Thomas Plater and his Chickens Carries notes to Zwiugli Papists claim a Victory 201 CHAPTER XVIII. ZWINGLI AT BERNE. The Three Great Centres TIaller at Work Francis Kolb Conference at Berne Papists will not Attend Zwingli Preaches at Basle Priest Converted Mass Forsaken Images and Organ Broken A bloodless Strife 213 CHAPTER XIX. THE UPRISING IN BASLE. A Now Bishop People Imitate Berne Destroy Images Two Parties under Arms (Ecolampadius Preaches A Night of Terror A great Fire made of Images The Monks flee Erasmus makes himself Ridiculous and Flees (Ecolampadius Marries , 225 CONTENTS. 11 CHAPTER XX. ZWINGLI FACES LUTHER. PACK Philip of Hesse His Conversion Francis Lambert A Priest reads some Theses Philip would Unite Zwingli and Luther Invites them to a Conference at Marburg The Leading Reformers PresonE^fearnest Discussions on the Lord s Supper Luther s Obstinacy His Text on the Velvet Cover No Agreement The Plague Ilard for Luther to give the lland of Union Zwingli s Fears 235 * CHAPTER XXI. TAKING THE SWORD. The two great Parties The Five Papal Cantoris Strength of the Protestants Zwingli s Three Mistakes Union sought in State rather than in Church Five Cantons allied with Austria Keyser a Martyr Zurich Aroused The two Par ties in arms Zwingli s Anxiety Enemies eat out of same Dish Good Order the Protestants No Blood shed The among Treaty of Cappel Peace Poetry. 251 CHAPTER XXII. THE GOSPEL WEAPONS. s Zwingli Pen active Gospel Aggression Abbot Kilian Loses the Convent of St. Gall The of Monk Como Three Monks at Locarno Diet of Augsburg The Reformers meet at s Zwingli House- ffis Westward Tour He Prepares for war. 265 CHAPTER XXIII. THE LAND BLOCKADE OP THE FIVE CANTONS. A Wail of Sorrow Famine and the Plague What would Zwingli do? Relent, Retire or take the Sword? He offers his Resignation Councils Refuse to Ac it cept Strange Omens The great Comet Presentiments 276 CHAPTER XXIV. PERISHING WITH THE SWORD. The Lad with the two Loave&-The Army of the Five Cantons Marching Zurich to be Invaded The Battle begun Councils Inactive Treason Army Gathered -Zwingli with it-The goes Respite Almost a Peace A new Attack-Zwingli s 12 CONTENTS. PAGE Address Twenty-five Protestant Ministers are Killed Zwingli Palls; is In sulted, Slaiu and Burned Thomas Plater Myconius Anna Zwingli s awful Grief The Council Rouses Berne and other Cantons send Troops Francis Kolb The Treaty of Peace Papists win some old Ground Thomas Plater and Myconiua go to Basle ... 289 CHAPTER XXV. THE SURVIVORS. Young Henry Bullinger Childhood Studies Believes the New Testament- Visits Zwingli Preaches at Bromgarten Papists Drive him Thence Death of (Ecolampadius Bullinger the Successor of Zwingli Adopts Zwingli s children Labours Forty Years in Zurich Intimate with Calvin Death of Leo Juda and Vadian Calvin s Sorrow Locarnose Exiles at Zurich Zwingli s Pear Tree. 307 ULRICH ZWINGLI. CHAPTER I. THE AGE OF CONVENTS. T is a T long way from Bangor in Ireland to Lake Constance - in Switzerland. It must have been a weary road to travel nine hundred and fifty years ago. Yet in the year of our Lord there were two Irish 610, missionaries journeying through the wild between the Swiss regions Lakes of Zurich and Constance, and for a seeking place where they might teach the Gospel to the heathen tribes that dwelt among the mountains. One of these was Colurnban,* brought up in the convent of Bangor. Sud taken with a denly desire for foreign travel, he went into East ern founded several France, convents, and was at length obliged to flee. He started for Ireland, but his vessel was driven back by a storm. He then resolved to go to the wild tribes of Switzer land. The other was missionary Gallus, who had been the pupil " and companion of Columban. He was a Scotchman of noble * Not Columba, who founded the great convent on the Scottish island of from which went forth so lona, many missionaries into Europe. lona was the " seat of the Culdees, who went into heathen lands like bees from their hive." O Donnell with a says, pun on the name of the great foun which der, means a dove, "From the nest of Columba these sacred doves took their to all flight quarters." 2 13 14 ULIUCII ZW1SGL-I. called in those birth," for every Irishman was a Scot days. There are many legends about these men, invented by the monks later times what we now write of them is true his of ; perhaps tory.
Recommended publications
  • Philip Melanchthon and the Historical Luther by Ralph Keen 7 2 Philip Melanchthon’S History of the Life and Acts of Dr Martin Luther Translated by Thomas D

    Philip Melanchthon and the Historical Luther by Ralph Keen 7 2 Philip Melanchthon’S History of the Life and Acts of Dr Martin Luther Translated by Thomas D

    VANDIVER.cvr 29/9/03 11:44 am Page 1 HIS VOLUME brings By placing accurate new translations of these two ‘lives of Luther’ side by side, Vandiver together two important Luther’s T and her colleagues have allowed two very contemporary accounts of different perceptions of the significance of via free access the life of Martin Luther in a Luther to compete head to head. The result is as entertaining as it is informative, and a Luther’s confrontation that had been postponed for more than four powerful reminder of the need to ensure that secondary works about the Reformation are hundred and fifty years. The first never displaced by the primary sources. of these accounts was written imes iterary upplement after Luther’s death, when it was rumoured that demons had seized lives the Reformer on his deathbed and dragged him off to Hell. In response to these rumours, Luther’s friend and colleague, Downloaded from manchesterhive.com at 09/25/2021 06:33:04PM Philip Melanchthon wrote and Elizabeth Vandiver, Ralph Keen, and Thomas D. Frazel - 9781526120649 published a brief encomium of the Reformer in . A completely new translation of this text appears in this book. It was in response to Melanchthon’s work that Johannes Cochlaeus completed and published his own monumental life of Luther in , which is translated and made available in English for the first time in this volume. After witnessing Luther’s declaration before Charles V at the Diet of Worms, Cochlaeus had sought out Luther and debated with him. However, the confrontation left him convinced that Luther was an impious and —Bust of Luther, Lutherhaus, Wittenberg.
  • Chapter 1: the Life and Times of John Owen 9

    Chapter 1: the Life and Times of John Owen 9

    Christ Exhibited and the Covenant Confirmed: The Eucharistic Theology of John Owen John C. Bellingham, MDiv Faculty of Religious Studies McGill University, Montreal February 27, 2014 Submitted to the Faculty of Religious Studies at McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts There is a reception of Christ as tendered in the promise of the gospel; but here [in the Lord’s Supper] is a peculiar way of his exhibition under outward signs, and a mysterious reception of him in them, really, so as to come to a real substantial incorporation in our souls. This is that which believers ought to labour after an experience of in themselves; …. they submit to the authority of Jesus Christ in a peculiar manner, giving him the glory of his kingly office; mixing faith with him as dying and making atonement by his blood, so giving him the glory and honour of his priestly office; much considering the sacramental union that is, by his institution, between the outward signs and the thing signified, thus glorifying him in his prophetical office; and raising up their souls to a mysterious reception and incorporation of him, receiving him to dwell in them, warming, cherishing, comforting, and strengthening their hearts. – John Owen, DD, Sacramental Discourses XXV.4 ii Table of Contents Acknowledgments iv Abstract v Résumé vi Introduction: John Owen and the Lord’s Supper 1 Chapter 1: The Life and Times of John Owen 9 Chapter 2: John Owen’s Sixteenth Century Inheritance 35 Chapter 3: The Lord’s Supper in Reformed Orthodoxy 80 Chapter 4: John Owen’s Eucharistic Theology 96 Conclusion 133 Bibliography 137 iii Acknowledgments I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the following people without whom this project would not have been possible.
  • Die Reformation in Schaffhausen Und Ihre Besonderheiten

    Die Reformation in Schaffhausen Und Ihre Besonderheiten

    ISSN 0254–4407 – Zwingliana 39 (2012), 79–92 Die Reformation in Schaffhausen und ihre Besonderheiten Erich Bryner 1. Politisch exponierte Lage Schaffhausen liegt keine 50 km nördlich von Zürich, hat aber in der Reformationsgeschichte eine eigene Entwicklung durchlaufen. Stadt und Landschaft Schaffhausen wurden 1501 als zwölfter Ort in die Eidgenossenschaft aufgenommen, also nur zwei Jahrzehnte vor der Reformation. Durch seine geographische Lage war Schaff- hausen politisch stark exponiert. Es liegt nördlich des Rheins; mit Zürich war es mit einer schmalen Rheingrenze verbunden, auf mehr als drei Seiten von habsburgischen Landen umgeben, in de- nen die Reformation nicht Fuß fasste, mit deren Bevölkerung je- doch ein reger Handelsverkehr und viele persönliche Beziehungen bestanden. Die Landschaftsgebiete wurden durch Kauf erworben und hatten oft keine natürlichen Grenzen. Die bischöfliche Herr- schaft Neunkirch-Hallau kam erst 1525 zu Schaffhausen. Aus die- sen Gründen führte die Schaffhauser Regierung in den Angelegen- heiten der Reformation eine konservative Politik.1 1 Vgl. die Karte »Die Entwicklung des Stadtstaates Schaffhausen«, in der die terri- torialen Verhältnisse und die Erwerbungen bis 1530 eingetragen sind, in: Hektor Am- mann, Karl Schib, Historischer Atlas der Schweiz, Aarau 21958, 47. 80 Erich Bryner 2. Parallele Entwicklungen zu Zürich? Im vorreformatorischen Schaffhausen gab es zwei Kreise, in denen Lutherschriften gelesen wurden: Einmal das Benediktinerkloster Allerheiligen unter der Leitung von Abt Michael Eggenstorfer
  • Letter-Writing in the Early Swiss Reformation: Zwingli's Neglected Correspondence

    Letter-Writing in the Early Swiss Reformation: Zwingli's Neglected Correspondence

    Letter-Writing in the Early Swiss Reformation: Zwingli's Neglected Correspondence (Nigel Harris, Zürich, 7th May 2019) Is a letter a private document? Well, yes; or so I and probably all of us were brought up to believe. Certainly to this day, if a letter arrives at home addressed to my wife or to one of our children, I will on principle never open it – even if I know who it’s from and what it’s likely to contain. It just seems wrong. It seems, literally, none of my business. And so my instinct always tells me just not to do it. With some other kinds of communication, of course, the public/private divide is less clear cut. When I send an e-mail, for example, I can address a great many people at once. Some of them I probably will not know personally. And sometimes, of course, I might end up sending an e-mail by mistake to someone I am very keen actually shouldn’t read it. Mistaking the ‘reply’ button for the ‘reply to all’ button can, as we all know, get you into a lot of trouble. We’ve probably all been there. And with still more modern forms of ‘social’ media, such as Facebook and Twitter, this public/private divide can be still more problematic – so much so, indeed, that I at least shy away from them entirely. The idea of details about my private thoughts or my social and family life being shared, in principle, with absolutely anybody fills me with horror. What on earth has it got to do with anyone else? And, anyway, what gives me the right to imagine that other people are interested in what I’m doing or thinking? Isn’t that just arrogant? Well, I suppose that kind of attitude is a generational thing, and I’m showing my age in adopting it.
  • Ç”Μå½± ĸ²È¡Œ (Ť§Å…¨)

    Ç”Μå½± ĸ²È¡Œ (Ť§Å…¨)

    Mustafa Nadarević 电影 串行 (大全) Bombaški https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/bomba%C5%A1ki-proces-31187000/actors proces Tomo Bakran https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/tomo-bakran-31184245/actors Doktorova noć https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/doktorova-no%C4%87-12751008/actors Izjava https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/izjava-31184304/actors Ispit zrelosti https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/ispit-zrelosti-31184243/actors Prestrojavanje https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/prestrojavanje-31184364/actors Nitko se neće https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/nitko-se-ne%C4%87e-smijati-31184253/actors smijati Tena https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/tena-31187116/actors Dundo Maroje https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/dundo-maroje-31187344/actors Dva sanduka https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/dva-sanduka-dinamita-31184363/actors dinamita Ukazanje Gospe https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/ukazanje-gospe-u-selu-grabovica-57697256/actors u selu Grabovica Kvit posao https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/kvit-posao-31184787/actors Samac https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/samac-31187120/actors Izet Fazlinovich https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/izet-fazlinovich-16084605/actors Lica i sudbine https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/lica-i-sudbine-56475816/actors Vlastiti https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/vlastiti-aran%C5%BEman-31185221/actors aranžman Ratnici i https://zh.listvote.com/lists/film/movies/ratnici-i-bosonogi-56827211/actors bosonogi
  • Bernardino Ochino of Siena

    Bernardino Ochino of Siena

    202 BERNARDINO OCHINO OF SIENA BERNARDINO OCHINO OF SIENA: CAPUCHIN AND REFORMER (1487-1564). BY JOHN KNIPE. " False Christians desire a Christ after their manner, rich, proud and magnificent."-OcHINO. 0CHINO THE FRANCISCAN. OR thirty years the most famous of Italian preachers, the F personality of Bernardino Ochino has been compared to a defaced portrait in the gallery of the great men of the Later Renais­ sance. His name has been blotted out for centuries by the deliberate malice of an unforgiving Church. It is a local nickname. Siena was divided into Contrada (Quarters). One was called" Oca" (Goose). It extended from the Dominican Church to Dante's Fonte Branda, and here there stands to this day the house of the Dyer's daughter, Caterina. We know his father's name by an item in the Account Book of the Cathedral Treasury: "January I540. Was paid 32 Lire to Fra Bernardino son of Domenico Tommasini called Ochino." It is the preacher's modest fee. He was still a lad when he joined the Observants, a Reformed Order of the Franciscans, whose monastery was some two miles from the City Gate, and it is quite possible that he had been influenced by Savonarola's preaching. Ochino declared in later life that he never regretted his decision, which had kept him from many temptations and sins of the world, and given him the oppor­ tunity to study the Scriptures and contemplative theology. Bible­ study was then only permissible in the Cloister. He took the cowl, hoping thus " to gain Paradise, though not without the aid of Divine Grace," and he concluded "that the Observant Rule, being the most austere, should best represent the example of Christ." There is a doubtful statement that he left the Order for some years to study medicine in Perugia.
  • History of the Presbyterian Churches of the World, Adapted for Use in the Class Room

    History of the Presbyterian Churches of the World, Adapted for Use in the Class Room

    History of the Presbyterian Churches of the World Adapted for use in the Class Room BY R. C. REED D. D. Professor of Church History in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary at Columbia, South Carolina; author of •• The Gospel as Taught by Calvin." PHILADELPHIA Zbe TKIlestminster press 1912 BK ^71768 Copyright. 1905, by The Trustees of the I'resbyterian Board of Publication and Sabbath-School Work. Contents CHAPTER PAGE I INTRODUCTION I II SWITZERLAND 14 III FRANCE 34 IV THE NETHERLANDS 72 V AUSTRIA — BOHEMIA AND MORAVIA . 104 VI SCOTLAND 126 VII IRELAND 173 VIII ENGLAND AND WALES 205 IX THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA . 232 X UNITED STATES (Continued) 269 XI UNITED STATES (Continued) 289 XII UNITED STATES (Continued) 301 XIII UNITED STATES (Continued) 313 XIV UNITED STATES (Continued) 325 • XV CANADA 341 XVI BRITISH COLONIAL CHURCHES .... 357 XVII MISSIONARY TERRITORY 373 APPENDIX 389 INDEX 405 iii History of the Presbyterian Churches CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION WRITERS sometimes use the term Presbyterian to cover three distinct things, government, doctrine and worship ; sometimes to cover doctrine and government. It should be restricted to one thing, namely, Church Government. While it is usually found associated with the Calvinistic system of doctrine, yet this is not necessarily so ; nor is it, indeed, as a matter of fact, always so. Presbyterianism and Calvinism seem to have an affinity for one another, but they are not so closely related as to be essential to each other. They can, and occasionally do, live apart. Calvinism is found in the creeds of other than Presby terian churches ; and Presbyterianism is found professing other doctrines than Calvinism.
  • Presbyterian and Reformed Churches

    Presbyterian and Reformed Churches

    Presbyterian and Reformed Churches Presbyterian and Reformed Churches A Global History James Edward McGoldrick with Richard Clark Reed and !omas Hugh Spence Jr. Reformation Heritage Books Grand Rapids, Michigan Preface In 1905 Richard Clark Reed (1851–1925), then professor of church history at Columbia !eological Seminary, produced his History of the Presbyterian Churches of the World . Westminster Press published the book, and it soon became a widely read survey of Presbyterian and Reformed growth around the globe. Reed followed his father into the ministry of the Presbyterian Church in the United States after study at King College and Union !eologi- cal Seminary in Virginia. !e future historian was pastor of congregations in Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina before he joined the faculty of Columbia !eological Seminary in 1898. In addition to his pastoral and professorial labors, Reed was associate editor of the Presbyterian Quarterly and the Presbyterian Standard and moderator of the General Assembly of his church in 1892. He wrote !e Gospel as Taught by Calvin, A Historical Sketch of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, and What Is the Kingdom of God? , as well as his major history of Presbyterianism and numerous articles. As his publications indicate, Reed was an active churchman. While a professor at the seminary in Columbia, South Carolina, he decried the higher critical approach to the Old Testament popular in some American institutions. Reed warned that the in*uence of critical hypotheses about the composition of the Bible would lead to a loss of con+dence in its divine authority. As a contributor to the Presbyterian Standard , the professor vig- orously defended the historic Reformed commitment to the supremacy of Scripture and opposed the contentions of Charles Darwin, which he found incompatible with the teaching of Christianity.
  • The People's Reformation

    The People's Reformation

    CHRISTIAN HISTORY Issue 118 The People’s Reformation How religious upheaval birthed social revolution Second in a four-part series on the Reformation REFORMING QUEEN Anne Boleyn (near left) shared Tyndale’s banned book The Obedience of a Christian Man (1528) with Henry VIII. She supposedly handed this small Bible containing her husband’s portrait (far left) to one of her maids of honor on the scaffold. CHECKING IT TWICE As Zwingli and other clergy trans- lated the Bible (below) into the Swiss vernacular, he read the proof sheets to his wife every night. Did you know? HERE ARE SOME OF THE MOST EXTRAORDINARY PEOPLE OF THe “People’s Reformation” TAH TAH THE ZWINGLI YOU NEVER KNEW U As a youth Huldrych Zwingli (1484–1531), leader of the ROVO, Swiss Reformation, learned violin, harp, flute, dulci- P mer, hunting horn, and lute. He amused children from alone at night and to watch his food carefully for fear his congregation by playing the lute for them, and ene- of poison. In the end Zwingli died in a battle between NIVERSITY, mies called him “that evangelical lute-player and fifer.” Protestant and Catholic cantons, believing he was fight- U OUNG Yet he opposed instrumental music in worship (as well ing to preserve the freedom to preach the Gospel. His Y as choral music and chanting) and presided over break- last words were reportedly: “They can kill the body but ing up the great organ in his church in Zurich. Open to not the soul.” congregational singing, he wrote at least three hymns.
  • Calvin's Doctrine of the Lord's Supper

    Calvin's Doctrine of the Lord's Supper

    Perichoresis Volume 10. Issue 2 (2012): 137-163 DOI 10.2478/v10297-012-0007-3 CALVIN’S DOCTRINE OF THE LORD’S SUPPER * WIM JANSE Free University of Amsterdam ABSTRACT. In order to pinpoint its proprium , it is necessary to understand John Calvin’s Eu- charistic theology within the wider context of the intra-Protestant debates of his time. As a se- cond-generation Reformer, Calvin developed his ideas explicitly in reaction to and as a middle way between the Lutheran and Swiss Reformed discussions of the 1520’s. To that end this es- say first focuses on the main developments from the Middle Ages onwards, and then presents Calvin from the perspective of the positions taken up by some of his contemporaries, in parti- cular Philipp Melanchthon. Next, some representative texts written by Calvin himself are ana- lysed. Although Calvin’s Eucharistic views were not from the beginning a coherent and unified doctrine but developed only gradually, they may be described in a systematic-synthetic way. With respect to the matter of closed, open, and frequent communion, it is observed that for Calvin a regular celebration is essential to the deepening of the believer’s union with Christ. KEY WORDS: John Calvin, the Lord’s Supper, Eucharistic theology, Reformed sacramentolo- gy, communion Introduction Calvin’s doctrine of the Lord’s Supper is not just any chapter from Calvin’s theology. 1 In his Eucharistic theology we touch upon the core of Calvin’s thought. This is true not only for Calvin, but for all major sixteenth-century * WIM JANSE is professor of historical theology and dean of the Faculty of Theology wi- thin the Free University of Amsterdam.
  • Patrick Hamilton

    Patrick Hamilton

    Patrick Hamilton The first preacher and martyr of Scotland’s Reformation The subject of this article, Patrick Hamilton (1505?-1528), was the first preacher and martyr of the 16th-century Reformation in Scotland. He came to my attention as I focused on the Scottish Reformation. It was obvious that somebody else before Knox had already been used by God to put change in motion. According to Knox’s History of the Reformation in Scotland , Patrick Hamilton’s martyrdom marked the beginning of the Scottish Reformation. I did my research mainly from the Special Collections of both Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities. I am amazed that many in the Church of Scotland, including a huge number of its church leaders, know virtually nothing about this most important character in the history of the Church in Scotland. I believe I can say the same regarding the rest of the Reformed churches in the world. His birth, education & theological training Patrick Hamilton was born around 1505 in the diocese of Glasgow, probably at his father’s estate of Stonehouse in Lanarkshire. He was the second son of Sir Patrick Hamilton of Kincavel, well known in Scottish chivalry, and of Catherine Stewart, daughter of Alexander, Duke of Albany, second son of James II of Scotland. He was thus, on both his father’s and his mother’s side, the great-grandson of James II. He was most likely educated at Linlithgow and then at the University of St Andrews. About 1517 he was appointed titular Abbot of Ferne (Fearn) in Ross-shire, though he seems never to have taken priest’s orders.
  • Studies in REFORMED THEOLOGY and HISTORY

    Studies in REFORMED THEOLOGY and HISTORY

    Studies in REFORMED THEOLOGY AND HISTORY AUDENS n VlVtaS Volume 1 Number 1 Winter 1993 PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Studies in REFORMED THEOLOGY AND HISTORY AftDfNS O VlVWS EDITORIAL COUNCIL CHAIR Thomas W. Gillespie EDITOR David Willis-Watkins EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Barbara Chaapel Sang Lee Ronald de Groot Elsie McKee Jane Dempsey Douglass Daniel Migliore Nancy Duff James Moorhead William Harris John Wilson EDITORIAL COUNCIL Edward Dowey 1995 Wilhelm Neuser Dawn de Vries Jung Song Rhee Richard Gamble Thomas Torrance John Leith Nicholas Wolterstorff Brian Armstrong 1998 Heiko Oberman Fritz Biisser Janos Pasztor Brian Gerrish Leanne Van Dyk Robert Kingdon Nobuo Watanabe Irena Backus 2001 Bernard Roussel John de Gruchy Jean-Loup Seban John Hesselink Willem van ’t Spijker William Klempa Michael Welker Editorial Offices Princeton Theological Seminary, CN 821, Princeton, NJ 08542-0803 fax (609) 497-7728 v/ Is I THE DISPUTATIONS OF BADEN, 1526 AND BERNE, 1528: Neutralizing the Early Church Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Princeton Theological Seminary Library https://archive.org/details/studiesinreforme11prin THE DISPUTATIONS OF BADEN, 1526 AND BERNE, 1528: Neutralizing the Early Church IRENA BACKUS ARDENS VlVWS PRINCETON THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Studies in Reformed Uieology and History is published four times annually by Princeton Theological Seminary. All correspondence should be addressed to David Willis-Watkins, Editor, Studies in Reformed Theology and History, CN 821, Princeton, NJ 08542 0803, USA. Fax (609) 497-7728. MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSIONS Contributions to Studies in Reformed Theology and History are invited. Copies of printed and electronic manuscript requirements are available upon request from the Editor at the above address.