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Ulrich Zwingli, the Patriotic Reformer : a History

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Ulrich Zwingli, the Patriotic Reformer : a History ^xllLmcH ZWINGLI, THE PAT1UOTIC REFORMER. A HISTORY. REV. WM. M. BLACKBURN, AUTHOR OF " " WILLIAM FAREL," AONIO PALEARIO AND HIS FRIENDS," COLLEGE DAYS OF CALVIN," Ac., &c. PIITLADELPHIA: PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION, No. 821 CHESTNUT STREET. Eutered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, by THE TRUSTEES OF THE PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION, In the Clerk s Office of the District Court of the United States, for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. WESTOOTT & THOMSON, Stereotypes, Philada. rramil h i **..- PREFACE. No other reformer struck out a more original and independent course than Ulrich Zwingli. No other man attempted to be, at the same time, a preacher, author, statesman, military patriot and reformer. Why he gave such varied direction to his noble energies, and how well he succeeded in his efforts, it is partly the de sign of the present volume to show. His personal his is full of incidents his character rich tory interesting ; in his life a lesson admirable qualities ; public conveys upon the mingling of religion and politics which it may be well to ponder in later times. The author has en deavoured to set forth the man and his friends as they grew in piety and laboured together in studying the "Word of God, teaching and preaching the truth, and restoring the Church to the foundation of Christ and " his Apostles. It may serve as a companion to Wil liam thus Farel," making tolerably complete the pub lications of the Presbyterian Board upon the early 4 PREFACE. history of the Reformation in both French and German Switzerland. The authorities chiefly consulted are, The Life and Times of Ulrich Zwingli, by J. J. Hottinger Zwingli, or the Rise of the Reformation in Switzerland, by R. Christoffel Histoire de la Confederation Helvet- ique, par A. L. de Watteville Histoire de la Reforma tion de la Suisse, par Abram Ruchat D Aubigne s History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century Scott s Continuation of Milner Stebbing s History of the Church of Christ from the Diet of Augsburg to the Eighteenth Century Dupin s Ecclesiastical His tory Gailard s History of the Reformation Church Histories by Mosheim, Giesseler and Kurtz Gerdesii Historia Reformationis Sleidani, De statu religionis et reiptiblicae, Carolo Quinto Csesare, Commentarii Biog- raphie Universelle Le Grand Dictionnaire Histor- ique, par M. Louis Moreri Bayle s Dictionary Hert- zog s Real-Encyclopaedic fiir Protestant. Theologie und Kirche. Leben und Schriften der Vater und Begriin- der Reformirten Kirche Zschokke s History of Swit zerland Ledderhose s Life of Melancthon Cunning ham s Reformers and the Theology of the Reforma tion Calvin s Letters The Zurich Letters (by Parker Society) and Switzerland the Pioneer of the Reforma " tion, by the Countess Dora D Istria" (Madame Ghika). Reference is had also to such articles in various Reviews PREFACE. as a full sketch of Zwingli in Black wood s Magazine, and a life in the 1828, Bibliotheca Sacra, vols. viii. and ix. The field is not a new nor is it one, barren ; and it is that it be hoped may profitably reaped again for the benefit of the patrons of the Presbyterian Board. To the harvest no denomination of Christians holds an exclusive title. If the good seed of divine truth shall be found in the sheaves of this gleaning, and there be a soil for it in the reader s heart, the Lord may bless the volume now committed to his care. W. M. B. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. THE AGE OP CONVENTS. PAGE Irish Missionaries Columban dallus Convents of St. Gall and AVildhaus William Tell Swiss Confederacy 13 CHAPTER II. ULRICH, THE SHEPHERD-BOY. The Zwingli Family The Flocks on Mount Sentis Ulrich with his Uncle The Schools Ulrich Studies at Basle, Berne and Vienna Eck, Faber, Vadian Ulrich with Wittcmbach at Basle Capito Leo Juda M;ister s Degree 22 CHAPTER III. THE YOUNG PASTOR OP GLARIS. Ulrich Ordained A Devoted Pastor Bible-Studies Students 34 CHAPTER IV. THE PARSON TEMPTED TO WAR. Cardinal Schinner New Books for Zwingli Evils of War Parson Writes a Poem Appointed Chaplain in Army Studies Greek Visits Basle Meets Erasmus and Oswald Myconius Hears (Ecolampudius Again a Chaplain in Italian War Miiss-book Old Fervent Preaching Who was First, Zwingli or Luther? 39 7 10 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XV. HANS WIRTH AND HIS SONS. PAGE Res A Victim wanted by Bailiff Araberg Exlin Seized The Wirths rush to the cueAn Army Improvised Convent of Ittingen Burned The Wirths Arrested Hans and John Executed for their Tried by Torture Adrian set JFree 176 Faith^fwingli s Drcnm CHAPTER XVI. A LOOK WESTWARD. Vadian at St. Gall The Gospel in Appenzell Burkli teaches the Grisons Priest of Mayenfield Comander at Coire Zwingli s Brothers The Tockenburgers The Gospel in Glaris Grebel and the Fanatics : 187 CHAPTER XVII. A NEW CHAMPION. (Ecolampadius in a Convent Goes to Basle Receives William Farel Will he Agree with Luther or Zwingli? Disputation at Baden Contrast between Pa pists and Reformers Thomas Plater and his Chickens Carries notes to Zwiugli Papists claim a Victory 201 CHAPTER XVIII. ZWINGLI AT BERNE. The Three Great Centres TIaller at Work Francis Kolb Conference at Berne Papists will not Attend Zwingli Preaches at Basle Priest Converted Mass Forsaken Images and Organ Broken A bloodless Strife 213 CHAPTER XIX. THE UPRISING IN BASLE. A Now Bishop People Imitate Berne Destroy Images Two Parties under Arms (Ecolampadius Preaches A Night of Terror A great Fire made of Images The Monks flee Erasmus makes himself Ridiculous and Flees (Ecolampadius Marries , 225 CONTENTS. 11 CHAPTER XX. ZWINGLI FACES LUTHER. PACK Philip of Hesse His Conversion Francis Lambert A Priest reads some Theses Philip would Unite Zwingli and Luther Invites them to a Conference at Marburg The Leading Reformers PresonE^fearnest Discussions on the Lord s Supper Luther s Obstinacy His Text on the Velvet Cover No Agreement The Plague Ilard for Luther to give the lland of Union Zwingli s Fears 235 * CHAPTER XXI. TAKING THE SWORD. The two great Parties The Five Papal Cantoris Strength of the Protestants Zwingli s Three Mistakes Union sought in State rather than in Church Five Cantons allied with Austria Keyser a Martyr Zurich Aroused The two Par ties in arms Zwingli s Anxiety Enemies eat out of same Dish Good Order the Protestants No Blood shed The among Treaty of Cappel Peace Poetry. 251 CHAPTER XXII. THE GOSPEL WEAPONS. s Zwingli Pen active Gospel Aggression Abbot Kilian Loses the Convent of St. Gall The of Monk Como Three Monks at Locarno Diet of Augsburg The Reformers meet at s Zwingli House- ffis Westward Tour He Prepares for war. 265 CHAPTER XXIII. THE LAND BLOCKADE OP THE FIVE CANTONS. A Wail of Sorrow Famine and the Plague What would Zwingli do? Relent, Retire or take the Sword? He offers his Resignation Councils Refuse to Ac it cept Strange Omens The great Comet Presentiments 276 CHAPTER XXIV. PERISHING WITH THE SWORD. The Lad with the two Loave&-The Army of the Five Cantons Marching Zurich to be Invaded The Battle begun Councils Inactive Treason Army Gathered -Zwingli with it-The goes Respite Almost a Peace A new Attack-Zwingli s 12 CONTENTS. PAGE Address Twenty-five Protestant Ministers are Killed Zwingli Palls; is In sulted, Slaiu and Burned Thomas Plater Myconius Anna Zwingli s awful Grief The Council Rouses Berne and other Cantons send Troops Francis Kolb The Treaty of Peace Papists win some old Ground Thomas Plater and Myconiua go to Basle ... 289 CHAPTER XXV. THE SURVIVORS. Young Henry Bullinger Childhood Studies Believes the New Testament- Visits Zwingli Preaches at Bromgarten Papists Drive him Thence Death of (Ecolampadius Bullinger the Successor of Zwingli Adopts Zwingli s children Labours Forty Years in Zurich Intimate with Calvin Death of Leo Juda and Vadian Calvin s Sorrow Locarnose Exiles at Zurich Zwingli s Pear Tree. 307 ULRICH ZWINGLI. CHAPTER I. THE AGE OF CONVENTS. T is a T long way from Bangor in Ireland to Lake Constance - in Switzerland. It must have been a weary road to travel nine hundred and fifty years ago. Yet in the year of our Lord there were two Irish 610, missionaries journeying through the wild between the Swiss regions Lakes of Zurich and Constance, and for a seeking place where they might teach the Gospel to the heathen tribes that dwelt among the mountains. One of these was Colurnban,* brought up in the convent of Bangor. Sud taken with a denly desire for foreign travel, he went into East ern founded several France, convents, and was at length obliged to flee. He started for Ireland, but his vessel was driven back by a storm. He then resolved to go to the wild tribes of Switzer land. The other was missionary Gallus, who had been the pupil " and companion of Columban. He was a Scotchman of noble * Not Columba, who founded the great convent on the Scottish island of from which went forth so lona, many missionaries into Europe. lona was the " seat of the Culdees, who went into heathen lands like bees from their hive." O Donnell with a says, pun on the name of the great foun which der, means a dove, "From the nest of Columba these sacred doves took their to all flight quarters." 2 13 14 ULIUCII ZW1SGL-I. called in those birth," for every Irishman was a Scot days. There are many legends about these men, invented by the monks later times what we now write of them is true his of ; perhaps tory.
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