Why Jonathan Pollard's Release Means Little by David Makovsky
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Israel: Background and U.S
Israel: Background and U.S. Relations Casey L. Addis Analyst in Middle Eastern Affairs February 14, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33476 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Israel: Background and U.S. Relations Summary On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel declared its independence and was immediately engaged in a war with all of its neighbors. Armed conflict has marked every decade of Israel’s existence. Despite its unstable regional environment, Israel has developed a vibrant parliamentary democracy, albeit with relatively fragile governments. The most recent national elections were held on February 10, 2009, ahead of schedule. Although the Kadima Party placed first, parties holding 65 seats in the 120-seat Knesset supported opposition Likud party leader Benjamin “Bibi” Netanyahu, who was designated to form a government. Netanyahu’s coalition includes his own Likud, Yisrael Beiteinu (Israel Our Home), Shas, Habayet Hayehudi (Jewish Home), the United Torah Judaism (UTJ), and the new Ha’atzmout (Independence) party. The coalition controls 66 of 120 Knesset seats. Israel has an advanced industrial, market economy with a large government role. Israel’s foreign policy is focused largely on its region, Europe, and the United States. Israel’s foreign policy agenda begins with Iran, which it views as an existential threat due to Tehran’s nuclear ambitions and support for terrorism. Achieving peace with its neighbors is next. Israel concluded peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994, but not with Syria and Lebanon. Recent unrest in Egypt is rekindling latent anxiety in Israel about the durability of the peace treaty Egypt and Israel have relied upon for 30 years. -
Jabotinsky Institute in Israel Peres, Netanyahu and Edelstein Praise
Jabotinsky Institute in Israel Published by the Hon. Chairman Jabotinsky Institute in Israel Mr. Yitzhak Shamir Z"L Founder and first director: Former Prime Minister of Israel ז"ל Joseph Pa'amoni Volume 52 Octobre 2013 ראש הממשלה בנימין נתניהו מעיין בכרך "לאומיות ליברלית" מאת Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu looks through volume ז'בוטינסקי, שהגישו לו )משמאל( ד"ר קרני רובין־ז'בוטינסקי, יוסי Liberal Nationalism, given to him by members of Institute אחימאיר, מרדכי שריג וכן עמירם בוקשפן. .Executive Board Peres, Netanyahu and Edelstein Praise New Volume of the Works of Jabotinsky - Liberal Nationalism “Your renewed publication of the Works of Jabotinsky, edited the new book, that he has had the honor of reading a number by Prof. Arye Naor and translated by Peter Kriksunov and of Jabotinsky’s works in their original language—Russian. He Hamutal Bar-Yosef, marks an important theoretical stratum lauded the Jabotinsky Institute for this project and stated that there in the research of Jabotinsky’s doctrine,” wrote President was a great need to aid the Institute to continue this praiseworthy Shimon Peres in a thank-you letter to the director general endeavor. of the Jabotinsky Institute in Israel for the book Liberal Liberal Nationalism, the first volume in the new series of Nationalism by Ze’ev Jabotinsky. Jabotinsky’s ideological works, is edited by Professor Arye Naor. Currently the book is being produced by the Jabotinsky Institute Peres added, “The reader of Jabotinsky’s writings cannot help but be in an annotated edition featuring new translations to Hebrew from moved by the liberalism so inherent in his doctrine, by Jabotinsky’s such languages as Russian, Yiddish and English. -
Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 113 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 113 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 159 WASHINGTON, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2013 No. 24 House of Representatives The House met at 10 a.m. and was Washington’s inability to take action whether it works—whether it helps families called to order by the Speaker pro tem- on today’s pressing problems. The fail- find jobs at a decent wage, care they can af- pore (Mr. COLLINS of New York). ure of uncertainty, with tax rates near ford, a retirement that is dignified. f chaos in the markets and a never-end- Unfortunately, all we have seen from ing stream of impractical regulations, this President is reckless spending and DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO is a cloud of doubt that has been cast heavy-handed regulation. TEMPORE over the entire economy. For most At the time of the President’s first The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- business owners, it is a daily struggle inauguration, the national unemploy- fore the House the following commu- just to keep the doors open in large ment rate was 7.8 percent. At the time nication from the Speaker: part because the government itself is a of his second inauguration, it was ex- WASHINGTON, DC, consistent obstacle. actly the same, and this month unem- February 14, 2013. The National Federation of Inde- ployment rose to 7.9 percent. While the I hereby appoint the Honorable CHRIS pendent Businesses recently released rate of unemployment has been mostly COLLINS to act as Speaker pro tempore figures from December indicating the stagnant, the national debt has not. -
Case #2 United States of America (Respondent)
Model International Court of Justice (MICJ) Case #2 United States of America (Respondent) Relocation of the United States Embassy to Jerusalem (Palestine v. United States of America) Arkansas Model United Nations (AMUN) November 20-21, 2020 Teeter 1 Historical Context For years, there has been a consistent struggle between the State of Israel and the State of Palestine led by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). In 2018, United States Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced that the U.S. embassy located in Tel Aviv would be moving to the city of Jerusalem.1 Palestine, angered by the embassy moving, filed a case with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2018.2 The history of this case, U.S. relations with Israel and Palestine, current events, and why the ICJ should side with the United States will be covered in this research paper. Israel and Palestine have an interesting relationship between war and competition. In 1948, Israel captured the west side of Jerusalem, and the Palestinians captured the east side during the Arab-Israeli War. Israel declared its independence on May 14, 1948. In 1949, the Lausanne Conference took place, and the UN came to the decision for “corpus separatum” which split Jerusalem into a Jewish zone and an Arab zone.3 At this time, the State of Israel decided that Jerusalem was its “eternal capital.”4 “Corpus separatum,” is a Latin term meaning “a city or region which is given a special legal and political status different from its environment, but which falls short of being sovereign, or an independent city-state.”5 1 Office of the President, 82 Recognizing Jerusalem as the Capital of the State of Israel and Relocating the United States Embassy to Israel to Jerusalem § (2017). -
Annual Report 2018
2018Annual Report Annual Report July 1, 2017–June 30, 2018 Council on Foreign Relations 58 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065 tel 212.434.9400 1777 F Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006 tel 202.509.8400 www.cfr.org [email protected] OFFICERS DIRECTORS David M. Rubenstein Term Expiring 2019 Term Expiring 2022 Chairman David G. Bradley Sylvia Mathews Burwell Blair Effron Blair Effron Ash Carter Vice Chairman Susan Hockfield James P. Gorman Jami Miscik Donna J. Hrinak Laurene Powell Jobs Vice Chairman James G. Stavridis David M. Rubenstein Richard N. Haass Vin Weber Margaret G. Warner President Daniel H. Yergin Fareed Zakaria Keith Olson Term Expiring 2020 Term Expiring 2023 Executive Vice President, John P. Abizaid Kenneth I. Chenault Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer Mary McInnis Boies Laurence D. Fink James M. Lindsay Timothy F. Geithner Stephen C. Freidheim Senior Vice President, Director of Studies, Stephen J. Hadley Margaret (Peggy) Hamburg and Maurice R. Greenberg Chair James Manyika Charles Phillips Jami Miscik Cecilia Elena Rouse Nancy D. Bodurtha Richard L. Plepler Frances Fragos Townsend Vice President, Meetings and Membership Term Expiring 2021 Irina A. Faskianos Vice President, National Program Tony Coles Richard N. Haass, ex officio and Outreach David M. Cote Steven A. Denning Suzanne E. Helm William H. McRaven Vice President, Philanthropy and Janet A. Napolitano Corporate Relations Eduardo J. Padrón Jan Mowder Hughes John Paulson Vice President, Human Resources and Administration Caroline Netchvolodoff OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, Vice President, Education EMERITUS & HONORARY Shannon K. O’Neil Madeleine K. Albright Maurice R. Greenberg Vice President and Deputy Director of Studies Director Emerita Honorary Vice Chairman Lisa Shields Martin S. -
The Iran Nuclear Deal: What You Need to Know About the Jcpoa
THE IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE JCPOA wh.gov/iran-deal What You Need to Know: JCPOA Packet The Details of the JCPOA • FAQs: All the Answers on JCPOA • JCPOA Exceeds WINEP Benchmarks • Timely Access to Iran’s Nuclear Program • JCPOA Meeting (and Exceeding) the Lausanne Framework • JCPOA Does Not Simply Delay an Iranian Nuclear Weapon • Tools to Counter Iranian Missile and Arms Activity • Sanctions That Remain In Place Under the JCPOA • Sanctions Relief — Countering Iran’s Regional Activities What They’re Saying About the JCPOA • National Security Experts and Former Officials • Regional Editorials: State by State • What the World is Saying About the JCPOA Letters and Statements of Support • Iran Project Letter • Letter from former Diplomats — including five former Ambassadors to Israel • Over 100 Ambassador letter to POTUS • US Conference of Catholic Bishops Letter • Atlantic Council Iran Task Force Statement Appendix • Statement by the President on Iran • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Kerry July 14, 2015 July 23, 2015 • Key Excerpts of the JCPOA • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Lew July 23, 2015 • Secretary Kerry Press Availability on Nuclear Deal with Iran • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Moniz July 14, 2015 July 23, 2015 • Secretary Kerry and Secretary Moniz • SASC Hearing Testimony, SEC Carter Washington Post op-ed July 29, 2015 July 22, 2015 THE DETAILS OF THE JCPOA After 20 months of intensive negotiations, the U.S. and our international partners have reached an historic deal that will verifiably prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. The United States refused to take a bad deal, pressing for a deal that met every single one of our bottom lines. -
Extensions of Remarks Section
May 14, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð Extensions of Remarks E911 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS HUMANITARIAN AIDÐCHIAPAS, who one day we hope will be officially leading religious values. In accordance with custom MEXICO China. But today he is someone who struggles over several thousand years, they wanted to just to stay alive during his second 14-year carry out the reform by themselves. They did not like the idea of being reformed by HON. SAM JOHNSON prison sentence. He is sick. He has lost all of foreigners or foreigner-like Han people (KMT OF TEXAS his teeth. And yet he still displays incredible managed to respect this tradition so that re- courage. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lations between KMT and Tibet were more Soon after the Tiannanmen Square mas- harmonious). Tuesday, May 13, 1997 sacre, in an incredible display of courage, Wei During the early 1950s, the Chinese Com- Mr. SAM JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Jingsheng wrote to Deng Xiaoping stating: munist Party was at its height. Like all So, now that you've successfully carried other communist parties, it had little re- as our relationship with Mexico becomes more spect for sovereignty and national self-deter- and more important to the economic well- out a military coup to deal with a group of unarmed and politically inexperienced stu- mination. Meanwhile, India, which just being of our Nation, I would like to bring to gained independence from British rule, could this body's attention the sacrificial effort of 48 dents and citizens, how do you feel? * * * I've long known that you are precisely the kind hardly afford to help Tibet in its struggle young men, who at their own expense and of idiot to do something foolish like this, against the Chinese Communist Party. -
The President's News Conference with Prime Minister Ariel Sharon Of
Administration of George W. Bush, 2003 / July 29 995 I have enclosed a copy of the Executive bors. If we are ever to reach our common Order I have issued. This Order becomes ef- goal of two states living side by side in peace fective at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time and security, leaders must assume responsi- on July 29, 2003. bility. The Prime Minister is assuming re- Sincerely, sponsibility. All parties agree that a fundamental obsta- George W. Bush cle to peace is terrorism, which can never be justified by any cause. Last month in NOTE: Identical letters were sent to J. Dennis Hastert, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Aqaba, Prime Minister Abbas committed to and Richard B. Cheney, President of the Senate. a complete end to violence and terrorism. H.R. 2330, approved July 28, was assigned Public The Palestinian Authority must undertake Law No. 108–61. sustained, targeted, and effective operations to confront those engaged in terror and to dismantle terrorist capabilities and infra- The President’s News Conference structure. We’re determined to help Prime With Prime Minister Ariel Sharon of Minister Abbas as he works to end terror and Israel establish the rule of law that will protect July 29, 2003 Israelis and Palestinians alike. Today I urge Arab states to follow through President Bush. Good day. I’m pleased on the pledges made in Sharm el-Sheikh to to welcome Prime Minister Ariel Sharon actively contribute to these efforts and to re- back to the White House. I think you said ject the culture of extremism and violence this is our eighth meeting—— from whatever source or place. -
No Exceptions: the Decision to Open All Military Positions to Women Table of Contents
BELFER CENTER REPORT No Exceptions The Decision to Open All Military Positions to Women Ash Carter SPECIAL REPORT DECEMBER 2018 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 www.belfercenter.org Statements and views expressed in this report are solely those of the author and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, the Harvard Kennedy School, or the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Layout by Andrew Facini Cover photo: KFOR Multinational Battle Group-East Soldiers fire the M9 pistol from the firing line during the weapons qualification event for the German Armed Forces Proficiency Badge at Camp Bondsteel, Kosovo, Dec. 12, 2017. (U.S. Army Photo / Staff Sgt. Nicholas Farina) Copyright 2018, President and Fellows of Harvard College Printed in the United States of America BELFER CENTER REPORT No Exceptions The Decision to Open All Military Positions to Women Ash Carter SPECIAL REPORT DECEMBER 2018 About the Author Ash Carter is a former United States Secretary of Defense and the current Director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Har- vard Kennedy School, where he leads the Technology and Public Purpose project. He is also an Innovation Fellow and corporation member at MIT. For over 35 years, Secretary Carter has leveraged his experience in national security, technology, and innovation to defend the United States and make a better world. He has done so under presidents of both political parties as well as in the private sector. As Secretary of Defense from 2015 to 2017, he pushed the Pentagon to “think outside its five-sided box.” He changed the trajectory of the mili- tary campaign to deliver ISIS a lasting defeat, designed and executed the strategic pivot to the Asia-Pacific, established a new playbook for the U.S. -
Jonathan Pollard: Background and Considerations for Presidential Clemency
Order Code RS20001 Updated January 31, 2001 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Jonathan Pollard: Background and Considerations for Presidential Clemency Richard A. Best, Jr. Specialist in National Defense Clyde Mark Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Foreign Affairs and National Defense Division Summary Jonathan Jay Pollard and his wife, Anne Henderson Pollard, were arrested in 1985 on charges of spying for Israel. Pollard pleaded guilty and received a life sentence, and remains in prison. Anne Henderson Pollard received a five-year sentence, and was released early in 1989. At first, the Israeli government claimed Pollard’s activities were not sanctioned by the Israeli government and were part of a rogue operation, but the Israeli government granted citizenship to Pollard in 1996, and admitted that Pollard was spying for the government of Israel in 1998. Israeli Prime Ministers on several occasions requested that President Clinton grant clemency to Pollard, but the Clinton Administration ended without a reprieve. It is likely that the Israeli government will raise the issue again and some U.S. groups continue to advocate Pollard’s release. At issue is the question: should the President grant clemency to Jonathan Pollard? Those supporting clemency argue that Pollard has served long enough, that he spied for a friendly nation, not an enemy, that his release will help the peace process, and that the United States reneged on the plea agreement. Those who oppose clemency argue that Pollard’s spying exposed U.S. intelligence methods and personnel, that the Pollard case is not related to the peace process, that who he spied for is irrelevant, and that the judges’ sentence was justified by the magnitude of the crime. -
Boston Tech Hub Faculty Working Group Annual Report: 2019-2020
BOSTON TECH HUB FACULTY WORKING GROUP Annual Report 2019–2020 Technology and Public Purpose Project Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 www.belfercenter.org/TAPP Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 www.seas.harvard.edu Statements and views expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard Paulson School, or the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Design and Layout by Andrew Facini Copyright 2020, President and Fellows of Harvard College Printed in the United States of America BOSTON TECH HUB FACULTY WORKING GROUP Annual Report 2019-2020 Table of Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................1 FWG Members and Guests .........................................................................................5 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 13 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 14 FWG Session Briefs: Fall 2019 ................................................................................19 FWG Session Briefs: Spring 2020 ..........................................................................31 Carol Rose, Executive Director -
Successes and Failures in the Enactment of Humanitarian Intervention During the Obama Administration
“THE ROAD TO HELL AND BACK”: SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN THE ENACTMENT OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION DURING THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION A Thesis submitted to the FaCulty of the Graduate SChool of Arts and SCiences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in ConfliCt Resolution By Justine T. Robinson, B.A. Washington, DC DeCember 10, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Justine T. Robinson All Rights Reserved ii “THE ROAD TO HELL AND BACK”: SUCCESSES AND FAILURES IN THE ENACTMENT OF HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION DURING THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION Justine T. Robinson, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Andrew Bennett, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This thesis examines how United States presidential administrations change over time in their poliCies on humanitarian intervention. More speCifiCally, how and why do AmeriCan presidential administrations (and the offiCials in those administrations) fail in some cases and sucCeed in others in enaCting ConfliCt resolution and genocide preventative measures? This thesis will focus on why offiCials in the two Obama administration sometimes used ambitious means of humanitarian intervention to prevent or mitigate genocide and other mass atrocities, as in the Cases of Libya and the Yazidis in Iraq, and sometimes took only limited steps to aChieve humanitarian goals, as in the case of the Syrian Civil War and Syrian refugees. This thesis is partiCularly interested in cases where earlier Obama administration aCtions and outComes forced the president and his advisors to rethink their approaCh to potential humanitarian intervention cases. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that poliCy changes on humanitarian intervention over time within U.S.