1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 67

Also, resolution of general assembly of Connecticut, for con­ SENATE. solidation of third and fourth class mail matter at third-class rate-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. TUESDAY, December 3, 1907. Also, resolution of Honolulu Chamber of Commerce, for a dry Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. EDWARD E. HALE. dock at Pearl Harbor-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Mr. MoRGAN G. BULKELEY, a Senator from the State of Con­ Also, resolution of Pequot Council, Knights of Columbus, necticut, appeared in his seat to-day. against reclassification of rates _on second-class mail matter­ The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and ap­ to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. proved. Also, resolution of McKinley Camp, No. 9, Spanish War Vet­ SENATOR FROM ALABAMA. erans, of Norwalk, Conn., for restoration of army canteen; also :Mr. CULBERSON presented the credentials of Joseph F . . of Allan M. Osborn Camp, No.1, U.S. W. V.-to the Committee Johnston, chosen by the legislature of the State of Alabama on Military Affairs. a Senator from that State to fill the vacancy caused by the By Mr. HUFF~ Papers to accompany bill granting a death of Edmund W. Pettus in the term beginning March 4, pension to William H. Altman, Michael Connor, James M. Daly, 1903. William Eberhart, Amos Feathers, Daniel Forrest, and Jaboch The credentials were read and ordered to be filed. Gaffney-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. _ Mr. CULBERSON. The Senator-elect is present in the By Mr. JENKINS: Joint resolution of assembly and senate Chamber and ready to take the oath of office. ) of Wisconsin, for repeal of tariff on lumber-to the Committee The VICE-PRESIDENT. 'rhe Senator-elect will present him­ on Ways and Means. self at the Vice-President's desk and take the oath prescribed Also, joint resolution of assembly and senate of Wisconsin, by law. for enactment of a uniform game law-to the Committee on the Mr. Johnston was escorted to the Vice-President's desk by Judiciary. Mr. CULBERSON, and the oath prescribed by lnw having been Also, joint resolution of assembly and senate of Wisconsin, administered to him, he took his seat in the Senate. for appropriation to improve upper Mississippi River-to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE. Also, joint resolution of assembly and senate of Wisconsin, Mr. WILLIAM J. BROWNING, the Chief Clerk of the House of for appropriation to survey ship canal to connect Great Lakes Representatives, appeared and delivered the following message: with Mississippi River via Portage Canal, Wisconsin-to the .Mr. President, I am directed by tlie House of Representatives Committee on Rivers and Harbors. to inform the Senate that a quorum of the House of Representa­ Also, joint resolution of assembly and senate of ·wisconsin, tives has assembled; that JosEPH G. CANNON, a Representative for law fixing uniform standard of grading and inspecting from the Strrte of Illinois, has been elected Speaker; that Alex­ grain-to the Committee on the Judiciary. ander McDowell, a citizen of the State of Pennsylvania, has Also, petition of 18 citizens of Osceola, Wis., against parcel­ been elected Clerk, and that the House is ready to proceed to post law-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post-Roads. business. Also, joint resolution of assembly and senate of Wisconsin, Also, that a committee of three were appointed by the for law to elect Senators of the United States by direct vote of Speaker on the part of the House of Representatives to join the the people-to the Committee on the Judiciary. committee appointed on the part of the Senate to wait on the President of the United States and to notify him that a quorum By Mr. LINDSAY: Petition of Rear-Admiral H. F. Picking of each of the two Houses has assembled and that Congress is Naval Garrison, No. 4, Erie, Pa., to equalize and fix pay of ready to receive any communication he may be pleased to make, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Revenue-Cutter Service-to the aud that 1\Ir. PAYNE of New York, 1\Ir. TAWl't""EY of Minne­ Committee on Naval Affairs. sota, and l\Ir. WILLIAMS of Mississippi were appointed such Also, petition of William J. Bryan, for appropriation for committee on the part of the House. Alaska-Yukon Pacific Exposition-to the Committee on Appro­ The message also transmitted resolutions of the House on the priations. death Of Hon. JOHN TYLER MORGAN and of Hon. EDMUND WINSTON By Mr. LOUDENSLAGER: Resolution of United States PETTUS, late Senators of the United States from the State of Weighers' Laborers' Benevolent Association, for law for in·· Alabama. crease of wages of weighers' laborers of the United States The message further communicated to the Senate the intelli­ Customs Service-to the Committee on Labor. gence of the death of Hon. GEORGE W. SMITH, late a Representa­ By Mr. OVERSTREET: Paper to accompany bill for relief tive from the State of Illinois, and of Hon. CAMPBELL SLEMP, of the estate of D. B. Sanders-to the Committee on War late a Representative from the State of VIrginia, and trans- Claims. mitted resolutions of the House thereon. · Also, resolution of United States Weighers' Laborers' Benev­ The message also announced that the Speaker had appointed olent Association, to support bill to be presented by Congress­ Mr. LORIMER, Mr. PRINCE, Mr. CHAPMAN, Mr. McGAVIN, Mr. man WILLIAM S. BENNET, of New YorK-to the Committee on FosTER, Mr. McDERMOTT, and l\Ir. RoDENBERG of Illinois, Mr. Labor. DAWES of Ohio, Mr. CHANEY of Indiana, Mr. RUCKER and Mr. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Cassius M. 0. RUSSELL of Missouri, l\Ir. MAYNARD of Virginia, Mr. STEENER­ Jones, John 1\f. Dickerson, Austin Daugherty, Orville P. Boy­ SON of Minnesota, 1\Ir. BRoussARD of Louisiana, and Mr. LE­ den, Wm. B. Downey, Geo. H. Barnes, Richard McCandless, GARE of South Carolina, n1embers of the committee on the part Jesse T. Power, W. C. McLaughlen, Saml. Hicks, Nelson F. of the House to attend the funeral of the deceased. Overmeyer, Florence Annetta Cox, Charles M. Montgomery, Jefferson Branham, Elias Shook, Charles W. Wheat, an.d John A. NOTIFICATION TO THE PRESIDENT. .1\Iiller-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Mr. ALLISON and Mr. TELLER, the committee appointed on the Also, petition of Ralph De W. Hulbert et al., for legislation part of the Senate to wait upon the President of the United to equalize and fix pay of commissioned officers and enlisted States, appeared; _and men of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Revenue-Cutter Mr. ALLISON said: Mr. President, the committee of the two Service of the United States-to the Committee on Naval Houses appointed to wait upon the President of the United Affairs. States and inform him that the Houses are organized and By l\fr. 1\!cKINLEY of Illinois: Petition of H. J. Hamlin et ready to receive any communication he may have to make, have al., for a volunteer retired list for surviving officers of the performed that duty; and the President informed the commit­ civil war-to the Committee on Military Affairs. tee that he would immediately communicate to the two Houses By 1\Ir. PARSONS: Resolution of United States Weighers' in writing. Laborers Benevolent Association, of New York, for legislation PRESIDENT•s ANNUAL MESSAGE. . looking to an increase of wages of weighers' laborers of the Mr. M. C. LATTA, one of the secretaries of the President of United States customs service-to the Committee on Labor. the United States, appear~d and said: By Mr. REYNOLDS: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Mr. President, I am directed by the President of the United David W. Conrath-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. States to deliyer to the Senate a message in writing. By Mr. SHERMAN: Paper to accompany bill for relief of The message was received from the secretary and handed to 'Valter C. Knight, Michael McCormick, John D. Moore, Mary the ViCe-President. P. Grindlay, Mary B. Dempster, and Mary H. Christian-to the The VICE-P:RESIDENT-. The Ohair lays before the Senate Committee on Invalid Pensions. the annual message of the President of the United States, which By Mr. STAFFORD: Resolution of Merchants and Manu­ the Secretary will read. facturers' Association of Milwaukee, for tariff commission-to The Secretary (Mr. CHARLES G. BENNETT) read the message, the Committee on Ways and Means. as follows: 68 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEl\plER 3,

To the Senate and House of Representatives:· those that wield tl}.em, as to make it a matter of necessity to .1.'0 nation has greater resources than ours, and I think it give to the sovereign-that is, to the Government, which repre­ can be truthfully said that the citizens of no nation possess sents the people as a whole-some effective power of super•i• greater energy and industrial ability. In no nation are the sion oYer their corporate use. In order to inslll·e a hen Jthy fundamental business conditions sounder than in ours at this social and industrial life, every big corporation should be held very moment; and it is foolish, when such is the case, for responsible by, and be accountable to, some so-vereign strong people to hoard money instead of keeping it in sound banks; enough to control its conduct. I am in no sense hostile to cor­ for it is such hoarding that is the immediate occasion of money porations. This is an age of combination, and any effort to pl.·e­ stringency. :Moreover, as a rule, the business of our people is vent all combination will be not only useless, but in the end conducted with ho11esty and probity, and this applies alike to vicious, because of the contempt for law which the failure to en­ farms and factories, to railroads and banks, to all .our legiti­ force law inevitably produces. We should, moreover, recognize mate commercial enterprises. in cordial and ample fashion the immense good effected by cor­ In any large body of men, howe\el', there are certain to be porate agencies in a country such as ours, and the wealth of some who are dishonest, and if the conditions are such that intellect, energy, and fidelity devoted to their service, and there­ these men prosper or commit their misdeeds with impunity, fore normally to the service of the public, by their officers and their example is a yery evil thing for the community. Where directors. The corporation has come to stay, just as the trade these men are business men of great sagacity and of tempera­ union has come to stay. Each can do and has done great good. ment both unscrupulous and reckless, and where the conditions ·Each should be favored so long as it does good. But each are such that they act without supervision or control and at should be sharply checked where it acts against law and justice. first without effective check from public opinion, they delude " * * * The makers of our National Constitution provided many innocent people into making investments or embarking especially that the regulation of interstate commerce should · in kinds of business that are really unsound. When the mis­ com;e within the sphere of the General Government. '.rhe argu­ deeds of these successfully dishonest men are discovered, suf­ ments in favor of their taking this stand were even then over­ fering comes not only upon them, but upon the innocent men whelming. But they are far stronger to-day, in view of the whom they have misled. It is a painful awakening, whenever enormous development of great business agencies, usually cor­ at occlll·s; and, naturally, when it does occur those who suffer porate in form. Experience has shown conclusively that it is are apt to forget that the longer it was deferred the more pain­ useless to try to get any adequate regulation and supervision ful it would be. In the effort to punish the guilty it is both of these great corporations by State action. Such regulation wiEe and proper to endeavor so far as possible to minimize the and supervision can only be effectively exercised by a soyer­ distress of those who have been misled by the gulity. Yet it eign whose jurisdiction is coextensive with the field of work of is not possible to refrain because .of such distress from striving the corporations-that is, by the National Government. I be­ to put an end to the misdeeds that are. the ultimate causes of lieve that this regulation and supervision can be obtained by the suffering, and, as a means to this end, where possible to the enactment of law by the Congress. * '* * Our steady punish those responsible for them. There may be honest dif­ aim should be by legislation, cautiously and carefully under­ feren~es of opinion as to many governmental policies; but taken, but resolutely persevered in, to assert the sovereignty surely there can be no such differences as to need of unflinching of the National Government by affirmative action. perseverance in the war .against successful dishonesty. "This is only in form an innovation. In substance it is In my Message to the O:mgress on December 5, W05, I said : merely a restoration; for from the earliest time ·such regulation "If the folly of man mars the general well-being, then those of indush·ial activities has been recognized in the action 'Of the who are innocent of the folly will have to pay part of the pen­ lawmaking bodies; and all that I propose is to meet the alty incurred by those who are guilty of the folly. A panic changed conditions in such manner as will prevent the Com­ brought on by the speculative folly of part of the business com­ monwealth abdicating the power it has always possessed, not munity would hurt the whole business community; but such only in this country, l:}ut also in England before and since this stoppage of welfare, though it might be severe, would not be country became a separate nation. lasting. In the long J.'un, the one Yital factor in the permanent · "It has been a ' misfortune that the National laws on this prosperity of the country is the high individual character of the subject have hitherto been of a negative or prohibitive rather average American worker, the average American citizen, no than an affirmative kind, and still more that they have in part mntter whether his work be mental or manual, whether he be sought to prohibit what could not be effectiv-ely prohibited, and farmer or wage-worker, business man or professional man. have in part in their prohibitions confounded what should be " In our industrial and social system the interests of all men allowed and what should not be allowed. It is generally usele s nrc so closely intertwined that in the immense majority of cases to try to prohibit all restraint on competition, whether this a straight-dealing man, who by his efficiency, by his ingenuity restraint be reasonable or unreasonable; and where it is not and industry, benefits him elf, must also benefit -others. Nor­ useless it is generally hurtful. * * * The successful pros­ mally, the man of great productiv-e capacity who becomes rich ecution of one device to evade the law immediately develops an­ by guiding the labor of many other men does so by enabling other device to accomplish the same purpose. What is needed them to produce more than they could produce without his is not sweeping prohibition of every arrangement, good or bad, guidance ; and both he and they share in the benefit, which which may tend to restrict competition, l>ut such adequate comes also to the public at large. The superficial fact that the supervision and regulation as will prevent any . restriction of sharing may be unequal must never blind us to the underlying competition from being to the detriment of the public, as well fact that there is this sharing, and that the benefit comes in as such supervision and regulation as will prevent other abuses some degree to each man concerned. Normally, the wage­ in no way c-onnected with restriction of competition." worker, the man of smnll means, and the average consumer, as I haYe called your attention in these quotations to what I well as the ayerage producer, are all alike helped by making have already said because I am satisfied that it is the duty of conditions such that the man of exceptional business ability re­ the National Government to embody in action the principles ceives an exceptional reward for his ability. Something can thus expressed. be done by legislation to help the general prosperity; but no INTERSTATE COMMERCE. such help of a permanently beneficial character can be given to No small part of the trouble that we have comes from carrying the less able and less fortunate save as the results of a policy to an extreme the national virtue of self-reliance, indepenu­ which shall inure to the advantage of all industrious and effi­ ence in initiative and action. It is wise to conserve this virtue cient people who act decently; and this is only another way of and to provide for its fullest exercise, compatible with seeing saying that any benefit which comes to the less able and less that liberty does not become a liberty to wrong others. Un­ fortunate must of necessity come even more to the more able fortunately, this is the kind of liberty that the lack of all and more fortunate. If, therefore, the less fortunate man is effective regulation inevitably breeds. The founders of the moYed by envy of his more fortunate brother to strike at the Constitution provided that the National Government should conuitions under which they have both, though unequally, ha\e complete and sole control of interstate commerce. There prospered, the result will assuredly be that while damage may was then practically no interstate business saye such as was .Come to the one struck at, it will visit with an even hea-vier conducted by water, and this the National Goyernment at once load the one who strikes the blow. Taken as a whole, we proceeded to regulate in thoroughgoing and effectiye fashion. must all go up or go down together. Conditions have now so wholly changed that the interstate " Yet, while not merely admitting, but insisting upon this, it is commerce by water is insignificant compared with the amount also true that where there is no governmental restraint or su­ that goes by land, and almost all big business concerns are now pervision some of the exceptional men use their· energies, not engaged in interstate commerce. As a result, it can be but in ways that are for the common good, but in ways which tell partially and. imperfectly controlled or regulated by the action against this common good. The fortunes amassed through cor­ of any one of the several States; such action inevitably tending porate organization are now so large, and vest such power in to be eit)?.er too d.fastic or else too lax, and in either case in- 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 69

effecti>e for purposes of justice. Only the National Government tions which do eviL . * * * Often railroads would like to can in thoroughgoing fashion exercise the needed conh·ol. This combine for the purpose of preventing a big shipper from main­ does not mean that there should be any extension of Federal taining improper advantages at the expense of small shippers authority, for such authority already exists under the Consti­ and of the general public. Such a combination, instead of being tution in amplest and most far-reaching form; but it does mean forbidden by law, should be favored. * * * It is a public that there should be an extension of Federal activity. This is etil to have on the statute books a law incapable of full en­ not adyocating centralization. It is merely looking facts in forcement, because both judges and juries realize that its full the face, and realizing that centralization in business has al­ enforcement would destroy the business of the country; for the ready come and can not be a1oided or undone, and that the result is to make decent men violators of the law against their public at large can only protect itself from certain evil effects of will, and to put a premium on the behavior of the willful wrong1 this business centralization by providing better methods for doers. Such a result in turn tends to throw the decent man and the exercise of control through the authority already centralized the willful wrongdoer into closer association, and in the end to in the Kational Go1ernment by the Constitution itself. There drag down the form~r to the latter's level; for the man who must be no halt in the healthy constructive course of action becomes a lawbreaker in one way unhappily tends to lose all which this Nation has elected to pursue, and has steadily pur­ respect for law and to be willing to break it in many ways. snNl, during the last six years, as shown both in the legislation No more scathing condemnation could be visited upon a law of the Congress and the administration of the law by the De­ than is contained in the words of the Interstate Commerce partment of Justice. The most vital need is in connection with Commission when, in commenting upon the fact that the the railroads. As to these, in my judgment there should now numerous joint h·affic associations do _technically violate the be either a national incorporation act or a law licensing rail­ law, they _say: 'The decision of the United States Supreme way companies to engage in interstate commerce upon certain Court in the Trans-Missouri case and the Joint Traffic Associa­ conditions. The law should be so framed as to give to the tion case has produced no practical effect upon the railway Interstate Commerce Commission power to pass upon the future operations of the country. Such associations, in fact, exist issue of securities, while ample means should be provided to now as they did before these decisions, and with the same enable the Commission, whenever in its judgment it is neces­ general effect. In justice to all parties, we ought probably to sary, to make a physical 1aluation of any raih·oad. As I add that it is difficult to see how our interstate railways could stated in my Message to the Congress a year ago, railroads be operated with due regard to the interest of the shipper and r;hould be giYen power to enter into agreements, subject to these the railway without concerted action of the kind afforded .n.greements being made public in minute detail and to the con­ through these associations.' sent of the Interstate Commerce Commission being first ob­ ,; This means that the law as construed by the Supreme Court tained. Until the Kational Government assumes proper control is such that the business of the country can not be conducted of interstate collllllerce, in the exercise of the authority it al­ without breaking it." eeady posse ses, it will be impossible either to give to or to As I have elsewhere said : get from the railroads full justice. The railroads and all other ".All this is substantially what I have said over and over great corporations will do well to recognize that this control again. Surely it ought not to be necessary to say that it in no must come; the only question is as to what governmental body shape or way represents any hostility to corporations as such. can most wisely exercise it. The courts will determine the On the contrary, it means a frank recognition of the fact that limits within which the Federal authority can exercise it, and combinations of capital, like combinations of labor, are a there will still remain ample work within each State for the natural result of modern conditions and of our National de­ railway commission of that State; and the National Interstate velopment. As far as in my ability lies my endeavor is ancl Commerce Commission will work in harmony with the several will be to prevent abuse of power by either and to favor both State commissions, each within its own province, to achie1e the so long as they do well. The aim of the National Government desired end. is quite as much to favor and protect honest corporations, SHERMAN ANTITRUST LAW. honest business men of wealth, as to bring to justice those in­ Moreover, in my judgment there should be additional legisla­ dividuals and corporations representing dishonest methods. tion looking to the proper control of the great business con­ Most certainly there will be no relaxation by the Government cerns engaged in interstate business, this control to be exercised authorities in the effort to get at any great railroad wrecker­ for their own benefit and prosperity no less than for the protec­ any man who by clever swindling devices robs investors, op­ tion of investors and of the general public. As I have re­ presses wage-workers, and does injustice to the general public. peatedly said in Messages to t,he Congress and elsewhere, ex­ But any such move as this is in the interest of honest railway perience has definitely shown not merely the unwisdom but operators, of honest corporations, and of those who, when they t~e futility of endeavoring to put a stop to all business com­ inyest their small savings in stocks and bonds, wish to be as­ binations. 1\lode,rn industrial conditions are such that com­ sured that these will represent money honestly expended for bination is not only necessary but inevitable. It is so in the legitimate business purposes. To confer upon the National world of business just as it is so in the world of labor, and it GoYernment the power for which I ask would be a check upon is as idle to desire to put an end to all corporations, to all big overcapitalization and upon the clever gamblers who benefit combinations of capital, as to desire to put an ·end to combina­ by overcapitalization. But it alone would mean an increase in tions of labor. Corporation and labor union alike have come the value, an increase in the safety of the stocks and bonds of to stay. Each if properly managed is a source of good and not law-abiding, honestly managed railroads, and would render it evil. Whenever in either there is evil, it should be promptly far easier to market securities. I believe in proper publicity. held to account; but it should receive hearty encouragement There has been complaint of some of the investigations recently so long as it is properly managed. It is profoundly immoral to carried on, but those who complain should put the blame where put or keep on the statute books a law, nominally in the in­ it belongs-upon the misdeeds which are done in darkness and terest of public morality, that really puts a premium upon public not upon the investigations which brought them to light. The immorality, by undertaking to forbid honest men from doing Administration is responsible for turning on the light, but it what must be done under modern business conditions, so that is not responsible for what the light showed. I ask for full the law itself provides that its own infraction must be the power to be gi1en the Federal Government, because no single condition precedent upon business success. To aim at the ac­ State can by legislation effectually cope with these powerful complishment of too much usually means the accomplishment corporations engaged in interstate commerce, and, while doing of too little, and often the doing of positive damage. In my them full justice, exact from them in return full justice to Message to the Congress a year ago, in speaking of the antitrust others. The conditions of railroad acti1ity, the conditions of laws, I said : our immense interstate commerce, are such as to make the "The actual working of our laws has shown that the effort Central Government alone competent to exercise full super­ to prohibit all combination, good or bad, is noxious where it is vision and control. not ineffective. Combination of capital, like combination of "The grave abuses in individual cases of railroad manage­ labor, is a necessary element in our present industrial system. ment in the past represent wrongs not merely to th~ general It is not possible completely to prevent it; and if it were possi­ public, but, above all, wrongs to fair-dealing and honest cor­ ble, such complete pre>ention would do damage to the body porations and men of wealth, because they excite a popular politic. What we need is not vainly to try to prevent all com­ anger and distrust which from the very nature of the case bination, but to secure such rigorous and adequate control and tends to include in the sweep of its resentment good and bad supervision of the combinations as to prevent their injuring alilre. l!'rom the standpoint of the public I can not too ear­ the public, or existing in such forms as ineYitably to threaten nestly say that as soon as the natural and proper resentment injury. * * * It is unfortunate that our present laws aroused by these abuses becomes indiscriminate and unthink­ should forbid all combinations instead of sharply discriminating ing, it also becomes not merely unwise and unfair, but ea.lcu­ between those combinations which do good and those -combina- lated to defeat the very ends which those feeling it have in _,Jl-t·. / 70 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 3,

view. There has been plenty of dishonest work by corporations The supervision established might be analogous to that now in the past. There will not be the slightest let-up in the effort exercised over national banks. At least, the antitrust act to hunt down and punish every dishonest man. But the bulk should be supplemented by specific prohibitions of the meth­ of our business is honestly done. In the natural indignation ods which experience has shown have been of most service in the people feel over the dishonesty, it is all essential that they enabling monopolistic combinations to crush out competition. should not lose their heads and get drawn into an indiscrimi­ The real owners of a corporation should be compelled to do nate ra id upon all corporations, all people of wealth, whether business in their own name. The right to hold stock in other they do well or ill. Out of any such wild movement good will corporations should hereafter be denied to interstate corpora­ not come, can not come, and never has come. On the contrary, tions, unless on approval by the proper Government officials, the surest way to invite reaction is to follow the lead of either and a prerequisite to such approval should be the listing with · aeruagogue or visionary in a sweeping assault upon property the Government of all owners and stockholders, both by the values and upon public confidence, which would work incal­ corporation owning such stock and by the corporation in which culable damage in the bpsiness world and would produce such such stock is owned. distrust of the agitators that in the revulsion the distrust To confer upon the National Government, in connection with would extend to honest men who, in sincere and sane fashion, the amendment I advocate in the antitrust law, power of su­ are trying to remedy the evils." perYision over big business concerns engaged in interstate com­ The antitrust law should not be repealed; but it should be merce, would benefit them as it has benefited the national made both more efficient and more in harmony with aetna! banks. In the recent business crisis it is noteworthy that the conditions. It should be so amended as to forbid only tl1e institutions which failed were institutions which were not un­ kind of combination which does harm to the general public, der the supervision and conh·ol of the National Governme~it. such amendment to be accompanied by, or to be an incident of, Those which were under National control stood the test. a grant of supervisory power to the Government over these big National control of the kind above advocated would be to concerns engaged in interstate business. This should be ac­ the benefit of every well-managed railway. From the stand­ companied by pr9vision for the compulsory publication of ac­ point of the public there is need for additional tracks, addi­ counts and the subjection of books and papers to the inspec­ tional terminals, and improvements in the actual handling of tion of the Government officials. A beginning has already been the railroads, and all this as rapidly as possible. Ample, safe, made for such supervision by the establishment of the Bureau and speedy transportation facilities are even more necessary of Corporations. than cheap transportation. Therefore, there is need for the The antitrust law should not prohibit combinations that do inYestment of money which will provide for all these things no injustice to the public, stili less those the existence of which while at the same time securing as far as is possihle better is on the whole of benefit to the public. But even if this wages and shorter hours for their employees. Therefore, while feature of the law were abolished, there would remain as an there must be just and reasonable regulation of rates, we equally objectionable feature the difficulty and delay now in­ should be the first to protest against any arbitrary and un­ cident to its enforcement. The Government must now supmit thinking movement to cut them down without the fullest and to irksome and repeated delay before obtaining a final decision most careful consideration of all interests concerned and of · of the courts upon proceedings instituted, and even a favorable the actual needs of the situation. Only a special body of men decree may mean an empty victory. Moreover, to attempt to acting for the National Government under authority conferred contror these corporations by lawsuits means to impose upon upon it by the Congress is competent to pass judgment dn such both the Department of Justice and the courts an impossible a matter. burden; it is not feasible to carry on more than a limited num­ Those who fear, from any reason, the extension of Federal ber of such suits. Such a law to be really effective must of activity will do well to study the history not only of the course be administered by an executive body, and not merely national banking act but of the pure-food law, and notably the by means of lawsuits. The design should be to prevent the meat inspection law recently enacted. The pure-food law was abuses incident to the creation of unhealthy and improper opposed so violently that its passage was delayed for a combinations, instead of w.aiting until they are in existence decade; yet it has worked unmixed and immediate good. The and then attempting to destroy them by eivil or criminal pro­ meat inspection law was even more violently assailed; and the ~eedings. same men who now denounce the attitude of the National Gov­ A combination should not be tolerated if it abuse the power ernment in seeking to oversee and control the workings of in­ acquired by combination to the public detriment. No corpora­ terstate common carriers and business concerns, then asserted tion or association of any kind ·should be permitted to engage in that we were "discrediting and ruining a great American in­ "foreign or interstate commerce that is formed for the purpose dush·y:" Two years have not elapsed, and already it has be­ of, or whose operations create, a monopoly or general control come evident that the great benefit the law confers upon the of the production, sale, or distribution of any one or more of public is accompanied by an equal benefit to the reputable the prime necessities of life or articles ·of general use and packing establishments. The latter are better oft' under . the necessity. Snch combinations are against ·public policy; they law than they were without it. The benefit to interstate com­ violate the common law; the doors of the courts are closed to mon carriers and business concerns from the legislation I advo­ those who are parties to ·them, and I believe the Congress can cate would be equally marked. close the channels of interstate commerce against them for its PUim-FOOD LAW. protection. The law should make its prohibitions and permis­ sions as clear and definite as possible, leaving the least possible Incidentally, in the passage of the pure-food law the action room for arbitrary action, or allegation of such action, on the of the various State food and dairy commissioners showed in part of the Executive, or of divergent interpretations by the striking fashion ·how much good for the whole people results courts. Among the points to be aimed at should be the pro­ from the hearty cooperation of the Federal and State officials hibition of unhealthy competition, such as by rendering service in securing a givEm reform. It is primarily to the action of at an actual loss for the purpose of crushing out competition, these State commissioners that we owe the enactment of this the prevention of inflation of capital, and the prohibition of a law; for they aroused the people, first to demand the enactment corporation's making exclusive trade with itself a condition of and enforcement of State laws on the subject, and then the having any trade with itself. Reasonable agreements between, enactment of the Federal law, without which the State laws or combinations of, corporations should be permitted, provided were largely ineffective. There must be the closest cooperation they are first submitted to and, approved by some appropriate between the National and State governments in administering Government body. . these laws. The Congress has the power to charter corporations to engage In my Message to the Congress a year ago I spoke as follows in interstate and foreign commerce, and a general law can be of the currency : enacted under the provisions of which existing corporations CURRENCY. could take out Federal charters and new Federal corporations " I especially call your attention to the condition of our cur­ could be created. An essential provision of such a law should rency laws. The national-ba'nk act has ably served a great be a method of predetermining by some Federal board or com­ pu:rpose in aiding the enormous business development of the mission whether the applicant for a Federal charter was an country, and within ten years there has been an increase in association or combination within the restrictions of the Fed­ circulation per capita from $21,41 to $33.08. For several years eral law. Provision should also be made for complete publicity evidence has been accumulating that additional legislation is in all matters affecting the public and complete protection to needed. The recurrence of each crop season emphasizes the the investing public and the shareholders in the matter of defects of the present laws. There must soon be a revision of issuing corporate securities. If an incorporation law is not them, because to leave them as they a:ce means to incur liability deemed advisable, a license act for big interstate corporations of business disaster. Since your body adjourned there has been might be enacted; 01' a combination of the two might be tri~~· a fluctuation in the interest on call money from 2 per .~ent to 30 1907 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 711 per cent, and the fluctuation was eTen greater during the preced­ by dishonesty-they jeopardi7.e not only their own future but ing six months. The Secretary of the Treasury had to step in the future of all their innocent fellow-citizens, for they expose and by wise action put a stop to the most violent period of oscil­ the whole business community to panic and distress. lation. Even worse than such fluctuation is the adyance in com­ mercial rates and the uncertainty felt in the sufficiency of credit BE VENUE. e'\"'en at high rates. All commercial interests suffer during each The income account of the Nation is in a most satisfactory crop period. Excessi1e rates for call money in New York attract condition. For the six fiscal years ending with the 1st of July money from the interior banks into the speculative field. ~his last, the total expenditures and reyenues of the National Gov­ depletes the fund that would otherwise be available for commer~ ernment, exclusive of the postal revenues and expenditures, cial uses, and commercial borrowers are forced to pay abnormal were, in round numbers, re'\"'enues, $3,465,000,000, and expendi­ rates, so that each fall a tax, in the shape of increased interest tures, $3,275,000,000. The net excess of income over expendi· charges, is placed on the whole commerce of the country. tures, including in the latter the fifty millions expended for "'1'he mere statement of these facrs shows that our present the Panama Canal, was one hundred and ninety million dollars _system is seriously defective. There is need of a change. Un­ for the six years, an a\erage of about thirty-one millions a fortunately, however, many of the proposed changes must be year. This represents an approximation between income and ruled from consideration because they are complicated, are not outgo which it would be hard to impro1e. The satisfactory easy of comprehension, and tend to disturb existing rights and working of the present tariff law has been chiefly responsible interests. We must also rule out any plan which would mate­ for this excellent showing. Nevertheless, there is an evident rial1y impair the value of the United States 2 per cent bonds and constantly growing feeling among our people that the time now pledged to secure circulation, the issue of which was made is rapidly approaching when our system of revenue legislation under conditions peculiarly creditable to the Treasury. I do must be revised. not press any especial plan. Various plans have recently been THE TARIFF. proposed by expert committees of bankers. Among_the plans which are possibly feasible and which cert'Jinly sb,ou1d receive This country is definitely committed to the protective system your consideration is that repeatedly brought to your attention and any effort to uproot it could not but cause widespread by the present Secretary of the Treasury, the essential features industrial disaster. In other words, the principle of the present of which have been approved by many prominent bankers and tariff law could not with wisdom be changed. But in a country business men. According to this plan national banks should of such phenomenal growth as ours it is probably wen that be permitted to issue a specified proportion of their capital in e1ery dozen years or so the tariff laws should be carefnl1y notes of a given kind, the issue to be taxed at so high a rate.as _scrutinized so as to see that no excessive or improper benefits to dri'\"'e the notes back when not wanted in legitimate trade. are conferred thereby, that proper revenue is provided, and that This plan would not permit the issue of currency to gi\e banks our foreign trade is encouraged. There must always be as a additional profits, but to meet the emergency presented by times minimum a tariff which will not only allow for the collection of of stringency. an ample revenue but which will at least make good the differ­ "I do not say that this is the right system. I only advance it ence in the cost of production here and abroad; that is, the dif­ to emphasize my belief that there is need for the adoption of ference in the labor cost here and abroad, for the well-being some system which shall be automatic and open to all sound of the wage-worker must ever be a cardinal point of American banks, so as to ayoid all . possibility of discrimination and policy. The question should be approached purely from a busi­ favoritism. Such a plan would tend to prevent the spasms of ness standpoint; both the time and the manner of the change high money and speculation which now obtain in the New York being such as to arouse the minimum of agitation and disturbance market; for at present there is too much currency at certain in the business world, and to give the least play for selfish and seasons of the year, and its accumulation at New York tempts factional motives. The sole consideration should be to see that bankers to lend it at low rates for speculative purposes; the sum total of changes represents the · public good. This whereas at other times when the crops are being moved there means that the subject can not with wisdom be dealt with in is urgent need for a large but temporary increase in the cur­ the year preceding a Presidential election, because as a matter rency supply. It must ne'\"'er be forgotten that this question of fact experience has conclusively shown that at such a time concerns business men general1y quite as much as bankers; it is impossible to get men to treat it from the standpoint of especially is this true of stockmen, farmers, a.nd business men the public good. In my judgment the wise time to deal with the in the West; for at present at certain seasons of the year the matter is immediately after such election. difference in interest rates between the East and the West is INCOME T.AX AND INHERITANCE TAX. from 6 to 10 per cent, whereas in Canada the corresponding When our tax laws are revised the question of an income tax difference is but 2 per cent. Any plan must, of course, guard and an inheritance tax should receive the careful attention of the interests of western and southern bankers as carefully as our legislators. In my judgment both of these taxes should be it guards the interests of New York or Chicago bankers, and part of our system of Federal taxation. I speak diffidently must be drawn from the standpoints of the farmer and the about the income tax because one scheme for an income tax was merchant no less than from the standpoints of the city banker declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court; while in addi­ and the country banker." tion it is a difficult tax to administer in its practical working, I again urge on the Congress the need of immediate attention and great care would have to be exercised to see that it was to this matter. We need a greater elasticity in our currency; not evaded by the very men whom it was most desirable to provided, of course, that we recognize the even greater need of a have taxed, for if so evaded it would, of course, be worse than safe and secure currency. There must always be the most rigid no tax at all; as the least desirable of all taxes is the tax which examination by the National authorities. Provision should be bears healily upon the honest as compared with the dishonest made for an emergency currency. The emergency issue should, man. Nevertheless, a graduated income tax of the•proper type of comse, be made with an effective guaranty, and upon condi­ would be a desirable feature of Federal taxation, and it is to tions carefully prescribed by the Government. Such emergency be hoped that one may be devised which the Supreme Court will issue must be based on adequate securities appro1ed by the Gov­ declare constitutional. The inheritance tax, howe1er, is both ernment, and must be issued under a heavy tax. This would a far better method of taxation, and far more important for permit currency being issued when the demand for it was urgent, the purpose of having the fortunes of the country bear in pro­ while securing its retirment as the demand fell off. It is worth portion to their increase in size a corresponding increase and investigating to determine whether officers and directors of na­ burden of taxation. The Government has the absolute right to tional banks should ever be allowed to loan to themselves. decide as to the terms upon which a man shall receiye a be­ Trust companies should be subject to the same supervision as quest or devise from another, and this point in the· devolution banks; legislation to this effect should be enacted for the Dis­ of property is especially appropriate for the imposition of a tax. trict of Columbia and the Territories. Laws imposing such taxes haYe repeatedly been placed upon the Yet we must also remember that e'\"'en the wisest legislation · National statute books and as repeatedly declared constitutional on the subject can only accomplish a certain amount. No legis­ by the courts; and these laws contained the progressive prin­ lation can by any possibility guarantee the business community ciple, that is, after a certain amount is reached the bequest or against the results of speculative folly any more than it can gift, in life or death, is increasingly burdened and the rate of guarantee an individual against the results of his extravagance. taxation is increased in proportion to the remoteness of blood 'Vhen an individual mortgages his house to buy an automobile of the· man receiving the bequest. These principles are recog­ he inlites disaster i and when wealthy men, or men who pose as nized already in the leading ciYilized nations of the world. In such, or are unscrupulously c,.r foolishly eager to become such, Great Britain all the estates worth $5,000 or less are practi­ indulge in reckless speculation-especially if it i~ accompanied cally exempt from death duties, while the increase is such thv.t 72 CONGRESSIONAL RECO:RD-SEN.A.TE. DECEMBER 3,

when nu estate exceeds five millions of dollars in value and The l:wo gi·eat evils In the execution of our crimlnal laws passes to a distant kinsman or strn.oger in blood the Government to-day are sentimentality and t-echulcality. For the latter the receh"es nll told an amount equh·nlent to uearly a fifth of tbe remedy must come from the hands of the legislatm;es, the whole estate. In France so mucb of an inheritance as exceeds courts, and tile lawyers. The other must depend for its cure $10,000,000 pays over n fifth to the State if it passes to a dis­ upon the gradual growth of n sound public opinion which shall tnut relatl\'e. Tbe German law is especially interesting to us insist that regard for the law and the demands of reason shaJJ becuuse it makes the iuheritance tax an imperial measure while conn·ol nil othet' Influences and emotions in the jury box. nJJottlng to the individual States of the Empire a portion of Both of these evils must be removed or publlc discontent with the proceeds anhome, the and wrongs of capital; and the National Go1·erument musl chief prop upon whicb our whole civilization stllllds. Such a always see that tbe decision of the cour t is put into effect theory, If ever adopted, woul(J mean the r uin of the entire coun­ The process of injunction Is nu essential adjunct o! the court's try-a ruin whlcb would bear heaviest upon the weakest, upon doing its work well; and as pre,entirn measures are always those least able to shift for themselves. But proposals for legls­ better than remcdinl, the wise use of this process is from lJltlon sucb as this herein advocated arc directly opposed to this every standpoint cemmcndable. But where it Is recklessly ot class of socllllistic theories. Oru· alm is to recognize what Lin­ unoecesi,arily used, the abuse should be censured, above all coln pointed out: The fact that there are some respects in which by the very men who a1·e properly anxious to p1·event any men ore obv-ionsly not equal; but also to insist that there should effort to shear the cow·ts of t.b1s necessary power. The court'e decision must be final ; the protest is only against the conduct be an equaUty of self-respect and of mutual respect, an equality of individual judges in needlessly anticipating such final deci­ of rights before the Jaw, and at least an n1)proximnte equality in sion, or in the tyrannical use of what is nominally a tempo­ the conditions under wWch each man obtains the Chance to rary injunction to accomplish what is in fact a permanent show the stuff that ls in him when compared to his fcJJows. decision. El."iFORCEMl:NT OF THE LAW, ACCIDENTS, A few years ago there was loud complaint that the Jaw The loss of life and limb from railroad accidents tn thL~ could not be invoked agalnst wealthy otfeuders. There is no country bas become appalling. It ls a subject of whicb tho such complnlnt now. The course of the Department of Jus­ National Go¥ernment should take supervision. It might be well tice during the last few years has been such as to make it to begin by providing for a Federal inspection of interstate rail­ evident that no man stands above the law, that no corporation roads somewhat along the lines of Federal Inspection of steam­ is so wealthy that It can not be held to account. Tbe Depart­ boats, although not going so fru: ; perhaps at first all thnt Lt ment of J ustice bas been as prompt to proceed against tlte would be necessary to Julye would be some officer whose duty wealthiest malefactor whose crime was one of greed and cun­ would be to lnrnstigate all accidents on Interstate rallroacls and n1ng as to proceed against the agitator who incites to brntnl report in detail t.be causes thereof. Sucb an officer should make ;rlolence. Everything that can be done lmder the existing law, it his business to get into close toucb with railroad operntln_q nud with the exlsting state of public opinion, which so pro­ wen so as to become thoroughly familiar with cve1·y side of the _toundJy in1lucnces both the courts and juries, bas been done. question, the idea being to work n.long the lines of the present But the laws themselves need strent,'1'.hening in more than one steamboat inspection law. important point; they should be made more definite, so that no honest man can be led unwittingly to bre:i.k them, and so EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY, that the real wrongdoer can be readily punished. The National Gove1·nment should be a model employer. It Moreover, there must be the public opinion back of the laws should demand the highest (lUolity of ser,ice from each of its or the laws themselves will be of no avail. .At present, while employees and it should care for all of them properly in return. the average juryman undoubtedly wishes to see trusts broken Congress should adopt legislation provlcllng limited but definite up, and ls quite 1·eady to fine the corporation itself, he ls ,·ery compensation for accidents to all workmen within the scope of relucront to find the facts proven beyond a reasonable doubt the Federal power, including employees of navy yards and when it comes to sending to ja.il n. member of the business arsenals. In other words, n model eruployers' llablllty act, fnr ­ corunrnulty for indulging in practices which are profoundly reachu1g and thoroughgoing, should be enacted whlcb should unhealthy, but which, unfortunately, the business conunullity apply to all positions, public and pril'ate, O\"er whicb the Na­ has grown to recognize as well-nigh normaL Both the present tional Government has jurlsdlctlon. The number of accidents condition of the law and the present temper of juries render to wage-workers, including those that are prern.nlttble a.nd those it o. tnsk of extx·eme difficulty to get at the real \V1·ongdoer in that are not, has become nppnlling in the mechanlc.11.l, manufac­ uny such case; especially by imprisonment Yet it is from every turing, aud transpo1·tntion operations of the day. It works staudpolot far preferable to punish the prime ol?endel' by im­ grim hardship to the ordlnnry wage-worker and bis fam11y to prisonment rather than to fine tile corporation, with the at- have the effect of. such an accident fall solely upon him; and, on tendant damage to stockholders. . ______the other hand, there are whole classes of attorneys who exist 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 73 only by inciting men who may or may not have been wronge.d the machinery for compulsory investigation of such industrial to undertake suits for negligence. As a matter of fact, a smt contr9versies as are of sufficient magnitude and of sufficient for negligence is generaJly an inadequate remedy for the per­ concern to the people of the country as a whole to warrant son injured, while it often causes altogether disproportionate the Federal Government in taking action. annoyance to the employer. The law should be made such that The need for some provision for such investigation was the payment for accidents by the employer would be automatic forcibly illustrated during the past summer. A strike of tele­ instead of being a matter for lawsuits. Workmen should re­ graph operators seriously interfered with telegraphic com­ ceive certain and definite compensation for all accidents in in­ munication, causing great damage to business interests and dustry irrespective of negligence. The employer is the agent serious inconvenience to the general public. Appeals were of the public and on his own responsibility and for his own made to me from many parts of the country, from city coun­ profit he serves the public. When he starts in motion agencies cils, from boards of trade, from chambers of commerce, and which create risks for others, he should take all the ordinary from labor organizations, urging that steps be taken to termi­ and extraordinary risks involved; and the risk he thus at the nate the strike. Everything that could with any propriety moment assumes will ultimately be assumed, as it ought to be, be done by a representative of th,e Government was done, by the general public. Only in this way ·can the shock of the without avail, and for weeks the public. stood by and suffered accident be diffused, instead of falling upon the man or woman without recourse of any kind. Had the machinery existed least able to bear it, as is now the case. The community at and had there been authority for compulsory investigation of large should share the burdens as well as the benefits of in­ the dispute, the public would have been placed in possession dustry. By the proposed law, employers would gain a desirable of the merits of the (!ontroversy, and public opinion would certainty of obligation and get rid of litigation to determine it, probably have brought about a prompt adjustment. while the workman and his family would be relieved from a Each successive step creating machinery for the adjustment cruslling load. With such a policy would come ip.creased care, of labor difficulties must be taken with caution, but we should and accidents would be reduced in number. The National laws endeavor to make progress in this direction. providing for employers' liability on railroads engaged in inter­ The provisions of the act of 1898 creating the chairman of state commerce and for safety appliances, as well as for di­ the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Commissioner minishing the hours any employee of a railroad should be per­ of Labor a board of mediation in controversies between inter­ mitted to work, should all be strengthened wherever in actual state railroads and their employees, has, for the first tiine, practice they have shown weakness ; they should be kept on the been subjected to serious tests within the past year, and the statute books in thoroughgoing form. wisdom of the experiment has been fully demonstrated. The The constitutionality of the employers' liability act passed by creation of a board for compulsory investigation in cases the preceding Congress has been carried before the courts. In where mediation fails and arbitration is rejected is the next two jurisdictions the law has been declared unconstitutional, logical step in a progressive program. and in three jurisdictions its constitutionality has been affirmed. The question has been carried to the Supreme Court, the case CAPITAL AND LABOR. has been heard by that tribunal, and a decision is expected at It is certain that for some time to come there will be a an early date. In the event that the court should affirm the constant increase absolutely, and perhaps relatively, of those constitutionality of the act, I urge further legislation along the among our citizens who dwell in cities or towns of some size lines advocated in my Message to the preceding Congress. . The and who work for wages. This means that there will be an practice of putting the entire burden of loss to life or limb upou . ever-increasing need to consider the problems inseparable from the victim or the victim's family is a form of social injustice in a great industrial civilization. Where an immense and com­ which the United States stands in unenviable prominence. Ia plex business, especially in those branches relating to manu­ both our Federal and our State legislation· we have, with few facture and transportation, is transacted by a large number of exceptions, scarcely gone farther than the repeal. of the fellow­ capitalists who · employ a very much larger number of wage­ !ervant principle of the old law of liability, and m some of our earners, the former tend more and more to combine into cor­ States even this slight modification of a completely outgrown porations and the latter into unions. The relations of the principle has not yet been secured. The legislation of the rest capitalist and wage-worker to one another, and of each to the of the industrial world stands out in striking contrast to our general public, are not always easy to adjust; and to put them backwardness in this respect. Since 1895 practically every and keep them on· a satisfactory basis is one of the most im­ country of Europe, together with Great Britain, New Zealand, portant and one of the most delicate tasks before our whole Australia, British Columbia, and · the Cape of Good Hope h.as civilization. Much of the work for the accomplishment of .this enacted legislation embodying in one form or another the com­ end must be done by the individuals concerned themselves, plete recognition of the principle which places upon the em­ whether singly or in combination; and the one fundamental ployer the entire trade risk in the various lines of industry. I fact that must never be lost track of is that the character of urge upon the Congress the enactment of a law which will at the average man, whether he be a man of means or a man the same time bring Federal legislation up to the standard who works with his hands, is the Iilost important factor in already established by all the European countries, and which solving the problem aright. But it is almost equally important will serve as a stimulus to the various States to perfect their to remember that without good laws it is also impossible to Iegisla tion in this regard. reach the proper solution. It is idle to hold that without EIGHT-HOUR LAW. good laws evils such as child labor, as the overworking of women, as the failure to protect employees from loss of life The Congress should consider the extension of the eight­ or limb, can be effectively reached, any more than the evils hour law. The constitutionality of the present law has re­ of rebates and stock-watering can be reached without good cently been called into question, and the Supreme Court has laws. To fail to stop these practices by legislation means to decided that the existing legislation is unquestionably within force honest men into them, because otherwise the dishonest the powers of the Congress. The principle of the eight-hour who surely will take advantage of them will have everything day should as rapidly and as far as practicable be extended their own way. If the States will correct these evils, w·ell and to the entire work carried on by the Government; and the good; but the Nation must stand ready to aid them. present law should be amended to embrace contracts on those No question growing out of our rapid and ·complex industrial public works which the present wording of the act has been development is more important than that of the employment of construed to exclude. The general introduction of the eight­ women and children. The presence of women in industry re­ hour day should be the goal toward which we should steadily acts with extreme directness upon the character of the home tend, and the Government should set the example in this re­ imd upon family life, and the conditions surrounding the em­ spect. ployment of children bear a vital relatiO:Jl to our future citi­ COMPULSORY INVESTIGATION OF INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES. zenship. Our legislation in those areas under the control of the Strikes and lockouts, with their attendant loss and suffer­ Congress is very much behind the legislation of our more pro­ ing, continue to increase. For the five years ending December gressive States. A thorough and comprehensive measure should 31, 1005, the number of strikes was greater than those jn any be adopted at this session of the Congress relating to the employ­ previous ten years and .was double the number in the pre­ ment of women and children in the District of Columbia and the ceding five years. These figures indicate the increasing nPed Territories. The investigation into the condition of women and of providing some machiriery to deal with this class of dis­ children wage-earners recently authorized and directed by the turbances in the interest alike of the employer, the employee, Congress is now being carried on in the various States, and I and the general · public. I renew my previous recommendation recommend that the appropriation made last year for beginning that the Congress favorably consider the matter of creatin·g this work be renewed, in order that we may have fue thorough 74 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 3, and comprehensive investigation which the subject demands. efficiency and reward, so as to increase their effectiveness in The National Government has as an ultimate resort for control the economic world, and therefore the ·dignity, the remllilera­ of child labor the use of the interstate commerce clause to pre­ tion, and the power of their .positions in the social world. vent the products of child labor from entering into interstate No growth of cities, no growth of wealth, can make up for commerce. But before using this it ought certainly to enact any loss in either the number or the character of the farming model laws on the subject for the Territories under_ its own population. We of the United States should realize this niJove immedJate control. almost all other peoples. We began our existence as a nation of There is one fundamental proposition which can be laid down farmers, and in every great crisis of the past a peculiar de­ f!!J regards all these rna tters, namely: While honesty by itself pendence has had to be placed upon the farming population; will not soh·e the problem, yet the insistence upon honesty-not and this dependence has hitherto been justified. But it cnn not mersly technical honesty, but honesty in purpose and spirit­ be justified in the future if agriculture is permitted to sink in is an essential element in arriving at a right conclusion. Vice the scale as compared with other employments. We can not in its cruder and more archaic forms shocks eyerybody; but afford to lose that preeminently typical American, the farmer there is Yery urgent need that public opinion should be just as who owns his own medium-sized farm. To have his place taken seYere in condemnation of the vice which hides itself behind by either a class of small peasant proprietors, or by a class of class or profes _ional loyalty, or which denies that it is Yice if great landlords with tenant-farmed estates would be a veritable· it can escape conyiction in the courts. The 'public and the rep­ calamity. The growth of our cities is a good thing but only in resentatives of the public, the high officials, whether on the so far as it does not mean a growth at the expense of the coun­ bench or in executiYe or legislative positions, need to remember try farmer. We must welcome the rise of physical sciences in' that often the most dangerous criminals, so far as the life of their application to agricultural practices, and we must do all the Nation is concerned, are not those who commit the crimes we can to render country conditions more easy and pleasant. known to and condemned by the popular conscience for cen­ There are forces which now tend to bring about both these re­ turies, but those who commit crimes only rendered possible by sults, but they are, as yet, in their infancy; The National Gov· the complex conditions of our modern industrial life. It makes ernment through the Department of Agriculture should do all not a particle of difference whether these crimes are committed it can by joining with the State governments and with inde­ by a capitalist or by a laborer, by a_ leading banker or manu­ pendent associations of farmers to encourage the growth in facturer or railroad man, or by a leading representative of a the open farming country of such institutional and social move­ labor union. Swindling in stocks, corrupting legislatures, mak­ ments as will meet the demand of the best type of farmers, both ing fortunes by the inflation of securities, by wrecking rail­ for the improvement of their farms and for the betterment of roads, by destroying competitors through rebates-these forms the life itself. The Department of Agriculture has in many of wrongdoing in the capitalist, are far more infamous than any place , perhaps especially in certain districts of the South, ac­ ordinary form of embezzlement or forgery; yet it is a matter complished an extraordinary amount by cooperating with and of extreme difficulty to secure the _punishment of the man most teaching the farmers through their associations, on their own guilty of them, most responsible for them. The business mau soil, how to increase their income by managing their farms who condones such conduct stands on a level with the labor better than they were hitherto managed. The farmer must not man who deliberately supports a corrupt demagogue and agita­ lose his independence, his initiative, his rugged self-reliance, yet . tor, whether head of a union or head of some municipality, be­ he must learn to work in the heartiest cooperation with his fel-' cause he is said to have "stood by the union." The members lows,. exactly as the business man has learned to work; and he of the business community, the educators, or clergymen, who must prepare to use to constantly better advantage the knowl­ condone and encourage the first kind of wrongdoing, a.re no edge that can be obtained from agricultural colleges, wtll2 he more dangerous to the community, but are morally even worse, mu t insist upon a practical cmTiculum in the schools in which than the labor men who are guilty of the second type of wrong­ his children are taught. The Department of Agriculture and doing, because less is to be pardoned those who have no such the Department of Commerce and Labor both deal with the l:'un­ excuse as is furnished either by ignorance or by dire need. damental needs of our people in the production of raw material FARMERS AND WAGE-WORKERS, and its manufactuTe and di·stribution, and therefore, with the When the Department of Agriculture was founded there was welfare of those who produce it in the raw state, and of thoso much sneering as to its usefulness. No Department of the who manufacture and distribute it. The Department of Com­ Government, however, has more emphatically vindicated its merce and Labor has but recently been founded but has usefulness, and none save the Post-Office Department comes already justified its existence; while the Department of Agri­ so continually and intimately into touch with the people. The culture yields to no other in the Government in the practical two citizens whose welfare is in the aggregate most vital to the benefifs which it produces in prQPortion to the public money ex­ welfare of the Nation, and therefore to the welfare of all other pended. It must continue in the future to deal with growing citizens, are the wage-worker who does manual labor and the crops as it has dealt in the past, but it must still further extend tiller of the soil, the farmer. There are, of course, kinds of its field of usefulness hereafter by dealing with Jiye men, labor where the work must be purely mental, and there are through a far-reaching study and treatment of the problems of other kinds of labor where; under existing conditiOns, very little farm life alike from the industrial and economic and social demand indeed is made upon the mind, though I am glad to say standpoint. Farmers must cooperate with one another and that the proportion of men engaged in this kind of work is di­ with the Government, and the GoYernment can best give its aid minishing. But in any community with the solid, healthy through associations of farmers, so as to deliver to the farmer qualities which make up a really great nation the bulk of the the large body of agricultural knowledge which has been ac­ people should do work which calls for the exercise of both body cumulated by the National and State governments and by the and mind. Progress can not permanently exist in the aban­ agricultural colleges and schools. , donment of physical labor, but in the development of physical The grain producing industry of the country, one of the most labor, so that it shall represent more and more the work of the important in the United States, deser-res special consideration trained mind in the trained body. Our school system is graYely at the hands of the Congress. Our grain is· sold almost ex­ defecti-re in so far as it puts a premium upon mere literary clusi-rely by grades. To secure satisfactory results in our home training and tends therefore to train the boy a way from the markets and to facilitate our trade abroad, these grades should farm and the workshop. Nothing is more ;needed than the best approximate the highest degree of uniformity and certainty. type of industrial school, the school for mechanical industries The present diYerse methods of inspection and grading through­ in the city, the school for practically· teaching agriculture in out the country under different laws and boards, result in con­ the country. The calling of the skilled tiller of the soil, the fusion and lack of uniformity, destroying that confidence calling of the skilled mechanic, should alike be recognized as which is necessary for healthful trade. Complaints against professions, just as emphatically as the callings of lawyer, doc­ the present methods have continued for years and they are tor, merchant, or clerk. The schools should recognize this fact growing in volume and intensity, not only in this country l>ut and it should equally be recognized in popular opinion. The abroad. I therefore suggest to the Congress the advisability young man who has the farsightedness and courage to recog­ of a National system of inspection and grading of grain en­ nize it and to get o-rer the idea that it makes a difference tering into interstate and foreign commerce as a remedy for whether what he earns is called salary or wages, and who re­ the present evils. fuses to enter the crowded field of the so-called professions, INLAND WATERWAYS. and takes to constructiYe industry instead, is reasonably sure The conserTation of our natural resources and their proper of an ample reward in earnings, in health, in opportunity to use constitute the fundamental problem which undo-rli~s almost marry early, and to establish a home with a fair amount of every other problem of our National life. We must maintain freedom from worry. It should be one of our prime objects to for our civilization the adequate material basis without which :yut both the farmer and the mechanic on a higher plane of that civilization can not exist. We must show foresight, we 1907. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. 75 must look ahead. As a nation we not only enjoy a wonderful the sesources which ought to be developed through use so as measure of present prosperity but if this prosperity is used to be conserved for the permanent common advantage of the aright it is an earnest of future success such as no other people as a whole. nation will have. The reward of foresight for this Nation PUBLIC LANDS. is great and easily foretold. But there must be the look ahead, there must be a realization of the fact that to waste, to destroy, The effort of the Government to deal with the public land has our natural resources, to skin and exhaust land instead of been based upon the same principle as that of the Reclamation using it so as to increase its usefulness, will result in under­ Service. The land law system which was designed to meet the mining in the days of our children the very prosperity which needs of the fertile and well-watered regions of the Middle we ought by right to hand down to them amplified and devel­ West has largely broken down when applied to the dryer regions oped. For the last few years, through se\eral agencies, the of the Great Plains, the mountains, and much of the Pacific Go\ernment has been endeavoring to get our people to look slope, where a farm of 160 acres is inadequate for self-support. ahead and to substitute a planned and orderly development of In these regions the system lent itself to fraud, and much land our resources in place of a haphazard striving for immediate passed out of the hands of the Government without passin~ profit. Our great . river systems should be developed as Na­ into the hands of the home-maker. The Department of th~ tional water highways; the :Mississippi, with its tributaries, Interior ~nd the Department of Justice joined in prosecuting the standing first in importance, and the Columbia second, although offenders against th~ law; and they have accomplished much, there are many others of importance on the Pacific, the At­ while where the administration of the law has been defective lantic and the Gulf slopes. The National Government should it has been changed. But the laws themsel\es are defective. undertake this work, and I hope a beginning will be made in Three years ago a public lands commission was appointed to the present Congress; and the greatest of all our rivers, the scrutjnize the law, and defects, and recommend a remedy. Missis ippi, should receive especial attention. From the Great Their examination specifically showed the existence of great Lakes to the mouth of the Mississippi there should be a deep fraud upon the public domain, and their recommendations for waterway, with deep waterways leading from it to the Bast changes in the law were made with the design of conserving the and the West. Such a waterway would practically mean the natural resources of every part of the public lands by putting extension of our coast line into the very heart of the country. it to its best use. Especial attention was called to the preven­ It would be of incalculable benefit to our people. If begun at tion of settlement by the passage of great areas of public land once it can be carried through in time appreciably to relieve the into the hands of a few men, and to the enormous waste caused congestion of our great freight-carrying lines of railroads. The by unrestricted grazing upon the open range. The recommenda­ work should be systematically: and continuously carried for­ tions of the Public Lands Commission are sound, for they are ward in accordance with some well-conceived plan. The main especially in the interest of the actual home-maker; and where streams should be improved to the highest point of efficiency the small home-maker can not at present utilize the land they before the improvement of the branches is attempted; and the provide that the Government shall keep control of it so that work should be kept free from every taint of recklessness or job­ it may not be monopolized by a few men. The Congress has bery. The inland waterways which lie just back of the whole not yet acted upon these recommendations; but they are so eastern and southern coasts should likewise be developed. just and proper, so essential to our National welfare, that I Moreover, the development of our waterways involves many · feel confident,. if the Congress will take time to consider them, other important water problems, all of which should be con­ that they will ultimately be adopted. sidered as part of the same general scheme. The Government Some such legislation as that proposed is essential in order to dams should be used to produce hundreds of thousands of horse­ preserve the gl'eat stretches of public grazing land which are power as an incident to improve navigation; for the annual unfit for cultivatio~ under present methods and are valuable value of the unused water-power of the United States per­ only for the forage which they supply. These stretches amount haps exceeds the annual value of the products of all our mines. in all to some 300,000,000 acres, and are open to the free grazing As an incident to creating the deep waterway down the Mis­ of cattle, sheep, horses and goats, without restriction. Such a sissippi the Government should build along its whole lower system, or rather such lack of system, means that the range is length levees which taken together with the control of the head­ not so much used as wasted by abuse. As the West settles the waters, will at once and forever put a complete stop to all range becomes more and more over-grazed. 1\Iuch of it can not threat of floods in the immensely fertile Delta region. The ter­ be used to advantage unless it is fenced, for fencing is the only ritory lying adjacent to the Mississippi along its lower course way by which to keep in check the owners of nomad flocks will thereby become one of the most prosperous and populous, which roam hither and thither, utterly destroying the pastures an~ leavi?g a waste behind so that their presence .is incom­ as it is already one of the most fertile, farming regions in all patible w1th the presence of home-makers. The existmg fences the world. I have appointed an Inland Waterways Commis­ are all illegal. Some of them represent the improper exclusion sion to study and outline a comprehensive scheme of de­ of actual settlers, actual home-makers, from territory which is velopment along all the lines indicated. Later I shall lay its usurped by great cattle companies. Some of them represent report before the Congress. what is in itself a proper effort to use the range for those upon RECLAMATION WORK. the land, and to prevent its use by nomadic outsiders. All these fences, those that are hurtful and those that are beneficial, are Irrigation should be far more extensively developed than at alike illegal and must come down. But it is an outrage that the present, not only in the States of th.e Great Plains and the law should necessitate such action on the part of the Admin­ Rocky Mountains, but in many others, as, for instance, in large istration. The unlawful fencing of public lands for pri\ate portions of the South Atlantic and Gulf States, where it should grazing must be stopped, but the necessity which occasioned it go hand in hand with the reclamation of swamp land. 'l'he must be provided for. The Federal Government should have Federal Government should seriously devote itself to this task, control of the range, whether by permit or lease, as local neces­ realizing that utilization of waterways and water-power, for­ sities may determine. Such control could secure the great bene­ estry, irrigation, and the reclamation of lands threatened with fit of legitimate fencing, while at the same time securing and· overflow, are all interdependent parts of the same problem. promoting the settlement of the country. In some places it may The work of the Reclamation Service in developing the larger . be that the tracts of range adjacent to the homesteads of actual oppottunities of the western half of our country for irrigation settlers should be allotted to them severally or in common for is more important than almost any other movement. The con­ the summer grazing of their stock. Elsewhere it may be that a stant purpose of the Government in connection with the Recla­ lease system would serve the purpose; the leases to be tem­ mation Service has been to use the water resources of the porary and subject to the rights of settlement, and the amount public lands for the ultimate greatest good of the greatest charged being large enough merely to permit of the efficient number; in other words, to put upon the land permanent home­ and beneficial control of the range by the Governm~nt, and of makers, to use and develop it for themselves and for their the payment to the county of the equivalent of what it would children and children's children . . There has been, of course otherwise receive in taxes. The destruction of the public range opposition to this .work; opposition from some interested me~ will continue until some such laws as these are enacted. Fully who desire to exhaust the land for their own immediate profit to prevent the fraud in the public lands which, through the without regard to the welfare of the next generation, and oppo­ joint action of the Interior Department and the Department sition fi·om honest and well-meaning men who did not fully of Justice, we have been endeavoring to prevent, there must understand the subject or who did not look far enough ahead. be further legislation, and especially a sufficient appropriation This opposition is, I think, dying away, and our people are un­ to permit the Department of the Interior to ·examine certain derstanding that it would be utterly wrong to allow a few classes of entl'ies on the ground before they pass into pr1mte individuals to exhaust for their own temporary personal profit ownership. The Government should part with its title onlr to CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEl\IBEB 3,

the actual home-maker, not to, the profit-maker who does not blame the supine public opinion, the indifferent public opinion, care to make a home. Our prime object is to secure the rights which permits their action to go unchecked. Of course to check and guard the interests of the small ranchman, the man who the waste of timber means that there must be on the part of plows ·and pitches hay for himself. It is this small ranchman, the public the acceptance of a temporary restriction in the this actual settler and home-maker, who in the long run is most la.-ish use of the timber, in order to prevent the total loss of hurt by permitting thefts of the public land in whatever form. this use in ·the future. There are plenty of men in public and FORESTS. printte life who actually adv-ocate the continu....wce of the pres- ent system of unchecked and wasteful extravagance, using as Optimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess an arg.ument the fact that to check it will of course mean in­ it becomes foolishness. We are prone to speak of the resources terference with the ease and comfo1~ t of certain peopie who now of this country as inexhaustible; this is not so. The mineral get lumber at less cost than they ought to pay, at the expense of wealth of the country, the coal, iron, oil, gas, and the like, does the future generations. Some of these persons actually demand not reproduce itself, and therefore is certain to be exhausted that the present forest reserv-es be thrown open to destruction, ultimately; and wastefulness in dealing with it to-day means because. forsooth, they think that thereby the price of lumber that our descendants will feel the exhaustion a generation or could be put down again for two or three or more years. Their two before they otherwise would. But there are cert:1;in other attitude is precisely like that of an agitator protesting against forms of waste which could be entirely stopped. The waste of the outlay of money by farmers on manure and in taking care soil by washing, for instance, which is among the most danger­ of their farms generally. Undoubtedly, if the average farmer ous of all wastes now in progress in the United States, is easily were content absolutely to ruin his farm, he could for two or ) preventable, so that this present enormous loss of fertility is three years aT"oid spending any money on it, and yet make a entirely unnecessary. -The preservation or replacement of the good deal of money out of it. But only a savage would; in his forests is one of the most important means of preventing this private affairs, show such reckless disregard of the future; yet loss. We have made a beginning in forest preservation, but it is it is precisely this reckless disregard of the future which the only a beginning. At present lumbering is the fourth greatest opponents of the forestry system are now endeav-oring to get industry in the United States; and yet, so rapid has been the the people of the United States to show. The only trouble wjth rate of exhaustion of timber in the United States in the past, the mov-ement for the presen-ation of our forests is that it has and so rapidly is the remainder being exhausted, that the not gone nearly far enough; and was not begun soon enough. country is unquestionably on the verge of a timber famine which It is a most fortunate thing, howeT"er, that we began it when we will be felt in every household in the land. There has already did. We should acquire in the Appalachian and White l\Imm­ been a rise in the price of lumber, but there is certain to be a tain regions all the fo1·est lands that it is possible to acqn.ire for more ra'pid and heavier rise in the future. The present annual the use of the Nation. These lands, because they :form a consumption of lumber is certainly· three times as great as the .r ·ational asset, are as emphatically national as the rivers -which annual growth; and if the consumption and growth continue they feed. and which flow through so many States before they unchanged, practically all our lumber, will be exhausted in reach the ocean. another generation, while long before the limit to complete exhaustion is reached the growing scarcity will make itself felt TARIFF ON WOOD PULP. in many blighting ways upon ·our National welfare. About 20 Thet·e ·should be no tariff on any forest product grown in this ·per cent of our forested territory is now reserved in Natioital countl'Y; and, in especial, there should b-e no tariff on wood forests· but these do not include the most valuable timber pulp; due notice of the change being of course given to those lands, :rnd in any event the proportion is too Small to expect engaged in the busines-s so as to enable them to adjust them­ that the reserves can accomplish more than a mitigation -of the sel>es to the new conditions. The repeal of the duty on wood trouble which is ahead of the nation. Far more drastic action pulp should if possible be accompanied by an agreement with is needed. Forests can be lumbered so as to give ·to the public Canada that there shall be no export duty on Canadian pulp the full use of their mercantile timber without the slightest wood; detriment to the forest, any more than it is a detriment to a MINERAL LANDS. farm to fm·nish a harvest; so there is no parallel between for­ In the eastern United States the mineral fuels have already ests and mines., which can. only be compl~tely used by exhaus­ passed into the hands of large private ownei·s, and those of tion. But forests, if used as all our forests have been used in the West are rapidly following. It is obvious that these fuels the past and as most of them are still used, will be either wholly should be consened and not wasted, and it would be well to destroyed, or so damaged that many decades have to pass protect the people against unjust and extortionate prices, so befor~ effectiT"e use ca.n be made of them again. All these facts far as that can still be done. Wbat has been accomplished in are so obvious that it is extraordinary that it should be neces­ the great oil fields of the Indian Territory by the action of the sary to repeat them. Ev~ry business. man- in the land, eyery Administration, offers a striking example of the good results writer in the newspapers, every man or woman of an ordinary of such a policy. In my judgment the Government should have school education, ought to be able to see that immense quanti­ the right to keep the fee of the coal, oil, and gas fields in its ties of timber are used in the country,- that the forests which own possession and to lease the rights to deYelop them under supply this timber are rapidly being exhausted, and that, if no proper regulations; or else, if the Congress will not adopt this change takes place, exhaustion wilf come com.~;>aratively soon, method, the coal deposits should be sold under limitations, to and that .:the effects of it will be felt sev-erely in the every-day conserve them as public utilities, the right to mine coal being life of our people. Surely, when these facts are so obvious, there separated from the title to the soil. The regulations should should be no delay in taking preventive measures. Yet we permit coal lands to be worked in sufficient quantity by the seem.. as a nation to be willing to proceed in this matter with several corporations. The present limitations have been ab­ happy-~o-lucky indifference even to the immediate futu:~-·e. It surd, excessive, and serve no useful purpose, and often render is this attitude which permits the self-interest. of a very few it necessary that there should be either fi;and or else abandon­ persons to weigh for more than the ultimate interest of all our ment of the work of getting out the coal. people. There are persons who find it to their immense pe- • cuniary benefit to destroy the forests by lumbering. They are THE PANAMA C.AN.AL • to be blamed for thus· sacrificing -thef future of the Nation as Work on the Panama Canal is proceeding in a highly satis­ a whole to their own self-interest of the moment; but heavier factory manner. In March last, John F. Stev-ens, chaii·man· of blame attaches to the•people at large for permitting such action, the Commission and chief engineer, resigned, and the Commis­ whether in the White M~untains, in the southern Alleghenies, sion was reorganized and constituted as follows: Lieut. Col. or in the Rockies and Sierras. A big lumbering company, im­ George W. Goethals, Cor·ps of Engineers, U. S. Army, chairman patient for immediate returns and not caring to look far enough and chief engineer; l\Iaj. D. D. Gaillard, Corps of Engineers, ahead, will often deliberately destroy an the good timber in a U. S . .Army; :Maj. 'William L. Sibert, Corps of Engineers, U. s . region, hoping afterwards to moye on to some new country. .Army; Civil Engineer H. H. Rousseau, U. S. Navy; Mr. J. C. S. The shiftless man of small means, who does not care to become Blackburn; Col. W. D. Gorgas, U. S. Army, and Mr. Jackson an actual home-maker but would like immediate profit, will Smith, Commissioners. This change of authority and direction find it to his advantage to take up timber land simply to turn went into effect on April 1, without causing a perceptible check it over to such a big company, and leave it valueless for future to the progress of the work. In 1\larch the total excavation in settlers. A big mine owner, anxious only to develop his mine the Culebra Out, where effort was chiefly concentrated, was at the moment, will care only to cut all the timber that he 815,.270 cubic yards. In April this was increased to 879,527 wishes without regard to the future-probably not looking cubic yards. There was a considerable decrease in the output -ahead to the condition of the country when the forests are ex­ for l\Iay and June owing partly to the advent of the rainy sea- · hausted, any more than he does to the condition when the mine son ~md partly to temporary trouble with the steam hovel• is worked out. I do not blame these men nearly as much as I men over the question of wages. This trouble was settled sat- 1907• . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. (7

isfactorily to all parties and in July the total excavation ad­ Through the agency of the postal savings banks such money v:mced materially and in August the grand total from all would be restored to the channels of trade, to the mutual points in the canal prism by steam shovels and dredges exceeded benefit of capital and labor. ,~ · all previous United States records, reaching 1,274,404 cubic I further commend to the Qongress the consideration of the yards. In September this record was eclipsed and a total of Postmaster-General's recommendation for an extension of the 1,517,412 cubic yards was removed. Of this amount 1,481,307 parcel post, especialJy on the rural routes. There are now cubic yards were from the ·canal prism and 36,105 cubic yards 38,215 rural routes, serving nearly 15,000,000 people who do were from accessory works. These results were achieved in not ha-re the advantages of the inhabitants of cities in obtain­ the rainy season with a rainfall in August of 11.89 inches and ing their supplies. These recommendations have been drawn in September of 11.65 inche·s. Finally, in October, the record up to benefit the farmer and the country storekeeper; otb,er­ was again eclipsed, the total excavation being 1,868,729 cubic wise, I should not favor them, for I believe that it is good yards; a truly extraordinary record, especially in view of the policy for our Government to do everything possible to aid heavy rainfall, which was 17.1 inches. In fact, experience dur­ the small town and the country district. It is desirable that ing the Hlst two rainy seasons demonstrates that the rains are the country merchant should not be crushed out. a less serious obstacle to progress than has hitherto been sup­ The fourth-class postmasters' convention · has passed a very posed. strong resolution in favor of placing the fourth-class post­ Work on the lock and dams at Gatun, which began actively masters under the civil-service law. The Administration has in March last, has advanced so far that it is thought that already put into effect the policy of refusing to remove any masonry work on the locks can be begun within fifteen months. fourth-class postmasters save for reasons connected with the In order to remove all doubt as to the satisfactory character of good of the service ; and it is endeavoring so far as possible the foundations for the locks of the Canal, the Secretary of to remove them from the domain of partisan politics. It would 'Var requested three eminent civil engineers, of special experi­ be a most desirable thing to put the fourth-class postmasters ence in such construction, Alfred Noble, Frederic P. Stearns and in the classified service. It is. possible that this might be done John R. Freeman, to visit the Isthmus and make thorough per­ without Congressional action, but, as the matter is debatable, sonal investigations' of the sites. These gentlemen went to the I earnestly recommend that the Congress enact a law providing Isthmus in April and by means of test pits which had been that they be included under the civil-service law and put in dug for the purpose, they inspected the proposed foundations, the classified service. and also examined the borings that had been made. In their OKLAHOMA. report to the Secretary of War, under date of May 2, l.D07, Oklahoma has become a State, standing mi a full equality they said: "We found that all of the locks, of the dimensions with her elder sisters, and her future is· assured by her great now proposed, will rest upon rock of such character that it natural resources. The duty of the National Government to will furnish a safe and stable foundation." Subsequent new guard the personal and property rights of the Indians within borings, conducted by the present Commission, have fully con­ her borders remains 1 of co.urse unchanged. firmed this verdict. They show that the locks will 1·est on ALAS.KA. rock for their entire length. The cross section of the dam and · I reiterate my recommendations of last year_r\aS regards method of construction will be such as to insure agaiwst any . Alaska. Some form of local self-government 'should be pro­ slip or sloughing off. Similar examination of the foundations vided, as simple and inexpensive as po~sible; it is imposible of the locks and dams on the Pacific side are in progress. I for the Congress to devote the necessary time to all the little belie-ve that the locks should be made of a width of 120 feet. · details of necessary Alask~ legislation. Road building .and Last winter bids were requested and received for doing the railway building should be encouraged. The Governor of work of canal construction by contract. None of them was Alaska should be given an ample appropriation wherewith to found to be satisfactory and all were rejected. It is the unani­ organize a force to preserve the public peace. Whisky selling mous opinion of the present Commission that the work can be to the nativ,es should be made a felony. The coal land laws done better, more cheaply, and more quickly by the Govern­ should be changed so as to meet,the peculiar needs of the Ter­ ment than by private contractors. Fully 80 per cent of the ritory. This should be attended to at once; for the present entire plant needed for construction has been purchased or laws permitting individuals to locate large areas of the public contracted for; machine shops have been erected and equipped domain for speculative purposes; and cause an immense amount for making all needed repairs to the plant; many thousands of trouble, fraud, and litigation. There should be another _ of employees have been secured; an effecti-ve organization has judicial division established. As early as possible light-houses been perfected; a recruiting system is in operation which is and buoys should be established as aids to navigation, espe­ capable of furnishing more labor than can be used advantage­ cially in and about Prilree William Sound, and the survey of ously ; employees are well sheltered and well fed ; salaries paid the. coast completed. There is need of liberal appropriations are satisfactory, and the work is not only going forward for lighting and· buoying the southern coast and· improving the smoothly, but it is producing results far in advance of the aids to navigation in southeastern Alaska. One of the great most sanguine anticipations. Under these favo1~able conditions, industries of Alaska, as of Puget /Sound and the Columb~a, is a change in the method of prosecuting the work would be salmon .fishing. Gradually, by reason of lack of proper laws, unwise and unjustifiable, for it would inevitably disorganize this industry is being ruined; it should now be taken.in charge, existing conditions, check progress, and increase the cost and and effectively protected, by the United States Government. lengthen the time of completing the Canal. The courage and enterprise of the citizens of the far North­ The chief engineer and all his professional associates are west in their projected Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition, to be firmly convinced that the 85-foot level lock canal which they held in 1909, should receive liberal encouragement. This ex­ are constructing is the best that could be desired. Some of position is not sentimental in its conception, bp.t seeks to ex­ them had doubts on this point when they went to the Isthmus. ploit the ·natural resources of Alaska and to promote the com­ As the plans have developed under their direction their doubts merce, trade, and industry of the Pacific States with their have been dispelled. While they may decide upon changes in neighboring States and with our insular possessions and the detail as construction ad-ranees they are in hearty accord in neighboring countries of the Pacific. ll'he exposition asks no approving the general plan. They believe that it provides a loan from the Congress but seeks appropriations for NatiomU canal not only adequate to all demands that will be made exhibits and exhibits of the western dependencies of the Gen­ upon it, but superior in every way to a sea-le-rei canal. I con- eral Government. The State of Washington and the city o_f cur in this belief. • Seattle have shown the characteristic. western enterprise in POSTAL .AFF..iiRS. large donations for the conduct of this exposition in which other States are lending generous assist!!nce. ''I commend to the favorable consid~ration of the Congress a postal savings bank .system, as recommended by the Post- HAWAII. ' . master-General. The primary object is to encourage among · The unfortu.nate failure of the shipping' bill at the last ses­ our people economy and thrift, and by the use. of postal savings sion• of the last Congress was followed .by the taking off of banks to give them an oportunity to husband their resources, certain Pacific steamships. which has greatly hampered the particularly those who have not .the facilities at hand for de­ movement of passengers between ~awaii ancl the mainland. positing their money in savings banks. Viewed, _however, from .Unless the Congress is prepared by positive encouragement to the experience of the past few weeks, it is evident that the secure proper facilities in the way of shipping between Hawaii advantages of such an institution are still more far-reaching. and the mainland, then the coastwise shipping laws should be Timid depositors have withdrawn their savings for the time so far relaxed as to pre-rent Hawaii suffering as it is now suf­ being from national banks, trust companies, and savings banks; fering. I again call your attention to the capital importance individaals have hoarded their cash and the workingmen their from every standpoint of making Pearl Harbor available for ·earnings; all of which money has been withheld and--kept .in the largest deep water vessels, and of suitably fortifying the hiding or in the safe deposit box to the detriment of prosperity. island. 78 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 3,

THE PHILIPPINES. subject oi adverse criticism. This has led individuals to a The Secretary of War has gone to the Philippines. On his · wider study of the work on which they were engaged, and thl8 return I shall submit to you his report on the islands. study has resulted in increasing their efficiency in their re­ spective lin~s of work. There are recommendations of special PORTO RICO. importance from the committee on the subject of personnel and I again recommend that the rights of citizenship be conferred the classification of salaries which will require legislative action upon the people of Porto Rico. before they can be put into effect. It is my intention to submit MINING, to the Congress in the near future a special message on those A bureau of mines should be created under the control and subjects. direction of the Secretary of the Interior; the bureau to have PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN EXPENSES. power to collect statistics and make investigations in all mat­ Under our form of government voting is not merely a right ters pertaining to mining and particularly to the accidents and but a duty, and, moreover, a fundamental and necessary duty dangers of the industry. If this can not now be done, at least , if a man is to be a good citizen. It is well to provide that cor­ additional appropriations should be given the Interior Depart­ porations shall not contribute to Presidential or National com­ ment to be used for the study of mining conditions, for the paigns, and furthermore to provide for the publication of both prevention of fradulent mining schemes, for carrying on the contributions and expenditures. There is, however, always work of mapping the mining districts, for studying methods danger in laws of this kind, which from their very nature are for minimizing the accidents and dangers in the industry; in difficult of enforcement; the danger being lest they be obeyed short, to aid in all proper ways the development of the mining only by the honest, and disobeyed by the unscrupulous, so as to industrj. - act only as a penalty upon honest men. Moreover, no such THE HERMITAGE. law would hamper an unscrupulous man of unlimited means I strongly recommend to the Congress to provide funds for from buying his own way into office. There is a very radical keeping up the Hermitage, the home of Andrew Jackson; these measure which would, I believe, work a substantial improve­ funds to be used through the existing· Hermitage Association for ment in our system of conducting a camffaign, althou-gh I am the preservation of a historic bUilding which should ever be well aware that it will take some time for people so to familiar­ dear to Americans. ize themselves with such a proposal as to be willing to con­ VICKSBURG NATIONAL PARK, sider its adoption. The need for collecting large campaign funds would vanish if Congress provided an appropriation for I further recommend that a naval monument be established the proper and legitimate expenses of each of the great national in the Vicksburg National Park. This national park gives a parties, an appropriation ample enough to meet the necessity unique opportunity for commemorating the deeds of those gal­ for thorough organization and machinery, which requires a l:mt men who fought on water, no less than of those who fought large expenditure of money. Then the stipulation should be on land, in the great civil war. made that no party rec~iving campaign funds from the Treasury THE THIRTEENTH CENSUS. should accept more than a fixed amount from any individual I.egislation should be enacted at the .present session of the subscriber or donor; and the necessary publicity for receipts Congress for the Thirteenth Census. The establishment of the and expenditm:es could without difficulty be provided. permanent Census Bureau affords the opportunity for a better A ~~TIONAL GALLERY OF ART. census than we have ever had, but in order to realize the full There should be a National gallery of art established in the advantage of the permanent organization, ample time must be capital city of this country. This is important not merely to given for preparation. the artistic but to the material welfare of the country; and the THE PUBLIC HEALTH. people are to be congratulated on the fact that the movement There is a constantly growing interest in this country in the to establish such a gallery is taking definite form under the question of the public health. At last the public mind is awake guidance of the Smithsonian Institution. So far from there to the fact that many diseases, notably tuberculosis, are being a tariff on works of art brought into the country, their National scourges. The work of the State and city boards of importation should be encouraged in every way. There have health should be supplemented by a constantly increasing inter­ been no sufficient collections of objects of art by the Govern­ est on the part of the National Goyernment. The· Congress has ment, and what collections have been acquired are scattered already provided a buren. u of public health and bas provided and are generally placed in unsuitable and imperfectly lighted for a hygienic laboratory. There are other valuable laws re­ galleries. lating to the public health connected with the various de­ THE BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. partments. This whole branch of the Government should be The Biological Surv-ey is quietly working for the good of our strengthened and aided in every way agricultural interests, and is an excellent example of a Gov­ GOVERNMENTAL COMMISSIONS. ernment bureau which conducts original scientific research the I call attention to two Government commissions which I hav-e findings of which are of much practical utility. For more than appointed and which have already done excellent work. The twenty years it has studied the food habits of birds and mam­ first of these has to do with the organization of scientific work mals that are injurious or beneficial to agriculture, horticul­ of the Government, which has grown up wholly without plan ture, and forestry; has distributed illustrated bulletins on the and is in consequence so tmwisely distributed among the Execu­ subject, and has labored to secure legislative protection for the tive Departments that much of its effect is lost for the lack of beneficial species. The cotton boll-weevil, which has recently proper coordination. This commission's chief object is to intro­ overspread the cotton belt of Texas and is steadily extending duce a planned and orderly development and operation in the its range, is said to cause an annual loss of about $3,000,000. place of the ill-assorted and often ineffective grouping and The Biological Survey has ascertained and given wide publicity methods of work which have prevailed. This can not be done to the fact that at least 43 kinds of birds prey upon this destruc­ without legislation, nor would it be feasible to deal in detail tive insect. It has discovered that 57 species of birds feed upon with so complex an administrative problem by specific provi­ seale-insects-dreaded enemies of the fruit grower. It has sions of law. I recommend that the President be given author­ shown that woodpeckers as a class, by destroying the lat~ v::e of ity to concentrate related lines of work and reduce duplication wood-boring insects, are so essential to tree life that it is doubt­ by Executive order through transfer and consolidation of lines ful if our forests could exist without them. It has shown that of work. cuckoos and orioles are the natural enemies of the leaf-eating The second committee, that on Department methods, was in­ caterpillars that destroy our shade and fruit trees; that our structed to investigate and report upon the changes needed to quails and sparrows consume annually hundreds of tons of place the conduct of the executive force of the Government on seeds of noxious weeds; that hawks and owls as a class (ex­ the most economical and effective basis in the light of the best cepting the few that kill poultry and game birds) are mark­ modern business practice. The committee has made very satis­ edly beneficial, spending their lives in catching grasshoppers, factory progress. Antiquat~ practices and bureaucratic ways mice, and other pests that prey upon the products of husbandry. hav-e been abolished, and a general renovation of departmental It has conducted field experiments for the purpose of devising methods has been-inaugurated. All that can be done by Execu­ and ·perfecting simple methods for holding in check the hordes tive order has already been accomplished or will be put into of destructive rodents-rats, mice, rabbits, gophers, prairie dogs, effect in the near future. The work of the main committee and and ground squirrels-which annually destroy crops worth its several assistant committees has produced a wholesome many millions of dollars; and it has published practical direc­ awakening on the part of the great body of officers and em­ tions for the destruction of wolves and coyotes on the stock ployees engaged in Government worfi:. In nearly every Devart­ ranges of the West, resulting during tl:\e -past year in an esti­ ment and office there has been a careful self-inspection for the mated saving of cattle and sheep valued at upwards of a purpose of remedying any defects before they could be made the million dollars. -

1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 79

It bas innugurated a system of inspection at the principal Following the failure of the shipbuilding bill we lost our only ports of entry on both the Atlantic and Pactiic coasts by means American line of steamers to Australasia., and that loss on the of which the introduction of noxious mammals and birds is Pacific has become a serious embarrassment to the people of prevented, thus keeping out the mongoose and certain ''birds Hawaii, and has wholly cut off the Samoan islands from regu­ which are so much to be dreaded as the previously introduced lar communication with the Pacific coast. Puget Sound, in the English sparrow and the house rats and mice. year, has lost over half (four out of seven) of its American In the interest of game protection it has cooperated with local steamers trading with the Orient. officials in every State in the Union,. has striven to promote We now pay under the act of 1891 $4 a statute mile outward uniform legislation in the several States, has rendered impor­ to 20-knot American mail st.eamships, built according to naval tn.nt service in enforcing the Federal law regulating interstate plans, available as cruisers,. and manned by Americans. Steam­ traffic in game, and has shown how game protection may be ships of that speed are confined exclusively to trans-Atlantic made to yield a large revenue to the State-a revenue amount­ trade with New York. To steamships of lG knots or over only ing in the case of Illinois to $128,000 in a single year. $2 a mile can be pllid, and it is steamships ot this speed and The Biological Survey has explored the faunas and floras of type which are.needed to meet the requirements of mail service America with reference to the distribution of animals and to South America, Asia (including the Philippines), and Aus­ plants; it has defined ana m-apped the natural life areas-areas tralia. I strongly recommend, therefore, a simple amendment in which, by reason of prevailing climatic conditions, certain to the ocean mail act of 1891 which shall authorize the Post­ kinds of animals and plants occur-and has pointed out the muster-General in his discretion to enter into contracts for the adaptability of these areas to the cultivation of particular transportation of mails to the Republics of South America, to crops. The results of these investigations are not only of high Asia, the Philippines, and Australia. at a rate not to exceed $4 educational value but are worth each year to the progressive a mile for steamships of 16 knots speed or upwards, subject to farmers of the country many times the cost of maintaining the the restrictions and obligations of the act of 1891. The profit Survey, which, it may be added, is exceedingly small. I recom­ of $3,600,000 which has been mentioned will fully co-ver the mend to Congress that this bureau, whose usefulness is seriously maximum annual expenditure involved in this recommenda­ handicapped by lack of funds, be granted an appropriation in tion, and it is believed will in time establish the lines so ur­ some deg1·ee commensurate with the importance of the work it gently needed. The proposition involves no new principle; but is doing. permits the efficient discharge of public functions-now inade­ OCEAN MAIL SERVICE. quately performed or not performed at alL I call your especial attention to the unsatisfactory condition THE ARMY, of our foreign mail service, which, because of the lack of Not only there is not now, but there never has been, any other American steamship lines is now largely done through foreign nation in the world so wholly free from the evils of militarism lines, and which, particularly so far as South and Central as is ours. There never hfts been any other large nation~ not America are concerned, is done in a manner which constitutes eY"en China, which for so long a period has had relatively to its a serious barrier to the extension of our commerce. numbers so small a regular army as has ours. Never at any The time has come, in my judgment, to set to work seriously time in our history has this Nation suffered from militarism to make our ocean mail service correspond more closely with or been in the remotest danger of suffering from militarism. our recent commercial and political development. A beginning Never at any time of our history has the Regular Army been of was made by the ocean mail act of March 3, 1891, but eyen at a siz~ which caused the slightest appreciable tax upon the tax­ that time· the act was known to be inadequate in various par­ paying citizens of the Nation~ Almost always it has been too ticulars. Since that time events have moved rapidly in our small in size and underpaid. Never in our entire history has history. We have acquired Hawaii, the Philippines, and lesser the Nation suffered in the least particular because too much islands in the Pacific. We are steadily prosecuting the great care bas been given to the Army, too much prominence given work of uniting at the Isthmus the waters of the Atlantic and it, too much money spent upon it, or because it has been too the Pacific. To a greater extent than seemed probable even a large. But again and again we have suffered because enough dozen years ago, we may look to an American future on the care has not been given to it, because it has been too small, sea worthy of the traditions of our past. As the first step in because there has not been sufficient prep_aration in advance for that direction, and the step most feasible at the present time, I possible war. Every foreign war in which we have engaged has recommend the extension of the ocean mail act of 1891. That cost us many times the amount which, if wisely expended dur­ act has stood for some years f1·ee from successful criticism of ing the preceding years of peace on the Regular Army, wo,uld its priniciple and purpose. It was based on theories of the haY"e insured the war ending in but a fraction of the time and obligations of a great maritime nation, undisputed in our own but for a fraction of the ~ost that was actually the case. As .. land and followed by other nations since the beginning of a Nation we have alway~ JJeen shortsighted in providing for steam navigation. Briefly those theories are, that it is the the efficiency of the Army in time of peace. It is nobody's espe­ duty of a first-class Power so far as practicable to carry its cial interest to make such provision and no one looks ahead ocean mails under its own flag; that the fast ocean steamships to war at any period, no matter how remote,. as being a serious and their crews, required for such mail service, are valuable possiJJility; wlille an improper economy, or rather niggard­ auxiliaries to the sea power of a nation. Furthermore, the liness, can be practiced at the expense of the Army with the construction of such steamships insures the maintenance in an certainty that those practicing it will not be called to account efficient condition of the shipyards in which our battleships therefor, but that the price will be paid by the unfortunate must be built. persons who happen to be in office when a war does actually The expenditure of public money for the performance of such come. necessary functions of government is certainly warranted, nor I think it is only lack of foresight that troubles us, not any is it necessary to dwell upon the incidental benefits to our for­ hostility to the Army. There are, of course, foolish people who eign commerce, to the shipbuilding industry, and to ship owning denounce any care of the Army or Navy as" militarism," but I · and navigation which will accompany the discharge of these do not think that these people are numerous. This country urgent public duties, though they, too, should have weight. has to contend now, and has had to contend in the past, with The only serious question is whether at this time we can many evils, and there is ample scope for all who would work afford to improYe our ocean mail service as it should be im­ for reform. But there is not one evil that now exists, or that proved. All doubt on this subject is removed by the reports of ever has existed in this country, which is, or ever has been, the Post-Office Department. For the fiscal year ended June 30, owing in the smallest part to militarism. Declamation against 1907, that Department estimates that the postage collected on militarism has no more serious place in an earnest and intelli­ the articles exchanged with foreign countries other than Can­ gent movement for righteousness in this country than declama­ ada and Mexico amounted to $6,579,043.48, or $3y637,226.81 more tion against the worship of Baal or Astaroth. It is declama­ than the net cost of the service exclusive of the cost of trans­ tion against a nonexistent eYil, one which never has existed porting the articles between the United States exchange post­ in this country, and which has not the slightest chance of offices and the United States postoffices at which they were appearing here. We are glad to help in any movement for in­ mailed or delivered. In other words, the Government of the ternational peace, but this is because we sincerely believe that United States, having assumed a monopoly of carrying the it is our duty to help all such movements provided they are mails for the people, is making a profit of over $3,600,000 by sane and rational, and not because there is any tendency rendering a cheap and inefficient service. That profit I believe toward militarism on our part which needs to be cured. The should be devoted to strengthening our maritime power in those evils we have to fight are those in connection with industrial­ directions where it w~ll best promote our prestige. The country ism, not militarism. Industry is always necessary, just as is familiar with the facts of our maritime impotence in the war is sometimes necessary. Each bas its price. and indusb.·y in harbors of the great and friendly Republics of South America. the United States now exacts, and has always exacted., a far 80 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE . DECEl\ffiER 3, heavier toll of death than all our wars put together. The his trade, as to be worth fur more than we at present pay him. statistics of the railroads of this country for the year ended The same is true of the regimental sergeant major. These men June 30, 1906, the last contained in the annual statistical re- · should be· men who had fully resolved to make the Army a life port of the Interstate Commerce Commission, show in that occupation and they should be able to look forward to ample one year a total of 108,324 casualties to persons, of which reward; while only men properly qualified should be given a 10,618 represent the number of persons killed. · In that won­ chance to secuTe these final rewards. The increase over the derful hiYe of human actiyity, Pittsburg, the deaths due to present pay need not be great in the lower grades for the first industrial accidents in 190G were 919, all the result of accidents one or two enlistments, but the increase should be marked for in mills, mines or on railroads. Jror the entiTe country, there­ the noncommissioned officers of the upper grades who ser.ve fore, it is safe to say that the deaths due to industrial acci­ long enough to make it evident that they intend to stay perma­ dents aggregate in the neighborhood of twenty thousand a nently in the Army, while additional pay should be given for year. Such a record makes the death rate in all our foreign high qualifications in target practice. The position of warrant wars utterly trivial by comparison. The number of deaths in officer should be established and there should be not only an in­ battle in all the foreign wars put together, for the last century crease of pay, but an increase of privileges and allowances and and- a quarter, aggregate considerably less than one year's dignity, so as to make the grade open to noncommissioned offi­ death record for our industries. A mere glance at these figures cers capable of · filling thep1 desirably from every standpoint. is sufficient to show the absurdity of the outcry against mili­ The rate of desertion in our Army now in time of peace is tarism. alarming. The deserter should be treated by public opinion as But again and again in the past our little Regular Army a man guilty of the greatest crime; while on the other hand has rendered service literally vital to the country, and it may the man who serves ste.:c'ldily in the Army should be treated as at any time have to do so in the future. Its standard of what he is, that is, as preeminently one of the best citiz-ens of efficiency and instruction is higher now than ever in the past. this Republic. After twelve years' s~rvice in the Army my own But it is too small: There are not enough officers; and it is belief is that the man should -be given a preference according to impossible to secure enough enlisted men. We should main­ his ability for certain types of office oYer all civilian applicants tain in peace a fairly complete skeleton of a large army. A without examination. This should also apply, of course, to the great and long-continued war would have to be fought by vol­ men who have served twelve years in the Navy. A special unteers. Rut months would pass before any large body of corps should be provided to do the manual labor now necessarily efficient volunteers could be put in the field, and our Regular demanded of the privates themselves. Army should be large enough to meet any immediate need. In Among the officers there should be severe exuminatione to particular it is essential that we should possess a number of weed out the unfit up to the grade of major. From that po­ extra officers tl'ained in peace to perform efficiently the duties sition on appointments should be solely by selection and it urgently required upon the breaking out of war. should be understood that a man of merely average capacity The Medical Corps should be much larger than the needs of could never get beyond the position of major, while every mru1 our Regular Army in war. Yet at present it is smaller than who serves in any grade a certain length of time prior to pro­ the needs of the service demand even in peace. The Spanish motion to the next grade without getting the promotion to the war occurred less than ten years ago. The chief loss we suf­ next grade should be forthwith retired. The practice marches fered in it was by disease among the regiments which neYer and field maneuvers of the last two or three years have been left the country. At the moment the Nation seemed deeply invaluable to the Army. They should be continued and ex~ impressed by this fact; yet seemingly it has already been for­ tended. A rigid and not a perfunctory examination 'of physical gotten, for not the slightest effort has been made to prepare capacity has been provided for the higher grade officers. This a medical corps of sufficient size to prevent the repetition of ,v-m work well. Unless an officer has a good physique, unless the ~arne disaster on a much larger scale if we should ever be he can stand hardship, ride well, and walk fairly, he is not fit engaged in a serious conflict. The trouble in the Spanish war for any position, even after he has become a colonel. Before was not with the then existing officials of the War Depart­ he has become a colonel the need for physical fitness in the offi­ ment; it was with the representatives of the people as a whole cer is almost as great as in the enlisted man. I hope speedily who for the preceding thirty years, had declined to make the to see introduced into the ATmy a far more rigid and thorough­ nece'ssary provision for the .Army. Unless ample provision is· going test of horsemanship for all field officers than at present. now made by Congress to put the Medical Corps where it There should be a Chief of Cavalry just as there is a Chief of should be put disaster in the next war is inevitable, and the Artillery. responsibility will not lie with those then in charge of the Perhaps the most important of all legislation needed for the War Department, but with those who now decline to make the benefit of the Army is a law to equalize and increase the pay of necessary provision. A well-orgawzed medical corps, thor­ officers and enlisteu men of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, antl oughly trained. before ~e advent of war in all the important Revenue-Cutter Service. Such a bill has been vrepared, which administrative duties of a military sanitary corps, is essential it is hoped will meet with your favorable consideration. The to the efficiency of any large army, and especially of a large next most essential measure is to authorize a number of extra volunteer army. Such k-nowledge of medicine and surgery as officers as mentioned above. To make the Army more attract­ is possessed by the medical profession generally will not alone lye to enlisted men, it is absolutely essential to create a sen·ice suffice to make an efficient military surgeon. He must have, corps, such as exists in nearly eYery modern army in the world, in addition, knowledge of the administration and sanitation to do the skilled and unskilled labor, inseparably connected with of large field hospitals and camps, in order ~o safeguard the military administration, which is now exacted, without ju t health and lives of men intrusted in great numbers to his compensation, of enlisted men who voltmtarily entered the Army care. A bill has long been pending before the Congress for to do service of an altogether different kind. There·ure a num­ the reorganization of the Medical Corps; its passage is urgently ber of other laws necessary to so organize the Army as to pro­ needed. mote its efficiency and facilitate its rapid expansion in time of But the Medical Department· is not the only department for war; but the above are the most important. which increased provision should be made. The rate of pay for the officers should be greatly increased; there is no higher type THE NAVY• • of citizen than the American regular officer, and he should have It was hoped The Hague Conference might deal with the a fair reward for his admirable work. There should be a rela­ question of the limitation of armaments. But ev-en bef re it tively even greater increase in the pay for the enlisted men. had assembled informal inquiries had developed that as re~ards Especial provision should be made for establishing grades nayal armaments, the only ones in which this countl'y hau any equi>alent to those of warrant officers in the Navy which should interest, it was hopeless to try to deYise any plan for which be open to the enlisted men who serve sufficiently long and who there was the slightest possibility of securing the assent of the do their work well. Inducements should be offered sufficient to nations gathered at The Hague. No plan was even proposed encoUl'age really good men to make the Army a life occupation. which would have had the assent of more than one first clnss The prime needs of our present Army is to secure and retain Power outside of the United States. The only plan that seemed competent noncommissioned officers. This difficulty rests funda­ at all feasible, that of limiting the size of battleships, met with mentally on the question of pay. 'rhe noncommissioned officer no favor at all. It is evident, therefore, that it is folly for does not correspond with an unskilled laborer; he corresponds this Nation to base any hope of securing peace on any interna­ to the best type of skilled workman or to the subordinate official tional agreement as to the limitation of armaments. Such in civil institutions. Wages have greatly increased in outside being the fact it would be most unwise for us to stop the up­ occupations in the last forty years and the pay of the soldier, building of our Navy. To build one battleship of the best and like the pay of the officers, should be proportionately increased. most advanced type a year would barely keep our fleet up to The first sergeant of a company, if a good man, must be one of its present force. This is not enough. In my judgment, we such executive and adininistrative ability,_an d such knowledge of should this year provide for fou1· battleships. But it is idle to 1907. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE. SI build battleships unless in addition to providing the. ?Je~, and promotion in the Navy shouid be as now, by seniority, subject, the means for thorough training, we provide the aunllanes .for however, to such rigid tests as would eliminate the unfit. After them, unless we provide docks, the coaling stations, the c.ollle~s the grade of lieutenant-commander, that is, when we come to and supply ships that they need. We a~e extreme!~ deficte.nt ill the grade of command rank, the unfit should be eliminated in coaling stations and docks on the Pactfic, and this defictency such manner that only the conspicuously fit would remain, and should not longer be permitted to exist. Plenty of t~rpedo sea service should be a principal test of fitness. Those who are boats and destroyers should be built. Both on the Atlantic .and passed by 'should, after a certain length of service in their re­ Pacific coasts, fortifications of the best type should be provided spective grades, be retired. Of a given number of men it may for all our greatest harbors. well be that almost all would make good lieutenants and most · We need always to remember that in time of war ~e Navy Qf them good lieutenant-commanders, while only a minority will is not to be used to defend harbors and sea-coast cities; we be fit to be captains, and but three or four to be admirals. should perfect our system of coast fortifications. The on~y Those who object to promotion otherwise than by mere seniority efficient use for the Navy is for offense. The only way ill should reflect upon the elementary fact that no business in pri­ which it can efficiently protect our own coast against the pos­ vate life could be successfully managed if those who enter at the sible action of a foreign navy is by destroying that foreign lowest rungs of the ladder should each in turn, if he lived, be­ navy. For defense against a hostile fleet which act~ally at­ come the head of the firm, its active director, and retire after he tacks them, the coast cities must depend upon their forts, had held the position a few months. On its face such a scheme mines, torpedoes, submarines, and torpedo boats .and destroy­ is an absurdity. Chances for improper favoritism can be mini­ ers. All of these together are efficient for defensive purpo.ses, mized by a properly formed board; such as the board of last but they in no way supply the place of a thorou?hly effictent .Tune, which did such conscientious and excellent work in elimi­ navy California, Oregon, and Washington are as emphatic­ expansion of the personnel since its enactment. Your attention ally the interests of the whole Union as those of Maine and is invited to the following quotations from the report of the per­ New 'York, of Louisiana and Texas. The battle fleet should sonnel board of 1906, of which the Assistant Secretary of the now and then be moved to the Pacific, just as at other times it Navy was president: should be kept in the Atlantic. When the Isthmian Canal is " Congress has authorized a considerable increase in the num­ built the transit of the battle fleet from one ocean to the other ber of midshipmen at the Naval Academy, and these midship­ will be comparatively easy. . · Until it is built I earnestly hope men upon graduation are promoted to ensign and lieutenant that the battle fleet will be thus shifted between the two oceans (junior grade). But no provision has been made for a corre­ every year or two. The marksmanship on .all our ship~ ha~ i~­ sponding increase in the upper grades, the result being that the proved phenomenally during the last five years. Until withm lower grades will become so congested that a midshipman now the last two or three years it was not possible to train a battle in one of the lowest classes at Annapolis may possibly not be fleet in squadron maneuvers under service conli!tions, and it is promoted to lieutenant until he is between 45 and 50 years of only during these last two or three years that the training un­ age. So it will continue under the present law, congesting at der these conditions has become really effective. Another and the top and congesting at the bottom. The country fails to get most necessary stride in advance. is now being taken. The from the officers of the service the best thRt is in them by not battle fleet is about starting by the Straits of Magellan to visit providing opportunity for their normal development and train­ the Pacific coast. SL-rteen battleships are going under the com­ ing. The board believes that this works a serious detriment to mand of Rear-Admiral Evans, while eight armored cruisers and the efficiency of the Navy and is a real menace to the public two other battleships will meet him at San Francisco, whither safety." certain torpedo destroyers are also going. No fleet of such size As stated in my special Message to the last Congress: "I has e-rer made such a voyage, and it will be of very great educa­ am firmly of the opinion that unless the present conditions of tional use to all engaged in it. The only way by which to teach the higher commissioned personnel is rectified by judicious legis­ officers and men how to handle the fleet so as to meet every lation the future of our Navy will be gravely compromised." It possible strain and emergency in time of war is to have them is also urgently necessary to increase the efficiency of the Med­ practice under similar conditions in time of peace. .Moreover, ical Corps of the Navy. Special legislation to this end has al­ the only way to find out our actual needs is to perform in time ready been proposed; and I trust it may be enacted without of peace whatever maneuvers might be necessary in time of delay. war. After war is declared it is too late to find out the needs; It must be remembered that everything done in the Navy to that means to invite disaster. This trip to the Pacific will fit it to do well in time of war must be done in time of peace. ..show what some of our needs are and will enable us to provide Modern wars are short; they do not last the length of time for them. The proper place for an officer to learn his duty is at requisite to build a battleship; and it takes longer to train sea, and the only way in which a navy can ever be made effi­ the officers and men to do we'll on a battleship than it takes cient is by practice at sea, under all the conditions which would to build it. Nothing effective can be done for the Navy once have to be met if war existed. war has begun, and the result of the war, if the combatants I bespeak the most liberal treatment for ~e officers and en­ are otherwise equally matched, will depend upon which power listed men of the Navy. It is true of them, as likewise of the has prepared best in time of peace. The United States Navy officers and enlisted men of the Army, that they form a body is the best guaranty the Nation has that its honor and interest whose interests should be close to the heart of every good Amer­ will not be neglected; and in addition it offers by far the best ican. In return the most rigid performance of duty should be insurance for peace that can by human ingenuity be devised. e:.racted from them. The reward should be ample when they I call attention to the report of the official Board of Visitors do their best · and nothing less than their best should be toler­ to the Naval .Academy at Annapolis which has been forwarded ated. It is idie to hope for the best results when the men in the to the Congress. The report contains this paragraph: senior grades come to those grades late in life and ~erve too " Such revision should be made of the courses of study and 'short a time in them. Up to the rank of lieutenant-commander methods of conducting and marking examinations as will de- XLII-6 . - . 82 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. DECEl\IBER 3, ------velop and bring out the average a11-round -ability of the mid- The second ad"Vance, and a very great tme, is the agreement shipman !·ather than to give him prominenee in any one par- which Telates to the use of force for the collection of contract ticular study. The fact should be kept in mind that the ·Nayal debts. Your attention is invited to the paragraphs upon this Acn.demy is not -a university but a school, the J)rimary object subject in my Message of December, 1906, nnd to the resoln· of which is to educate boys to be efficient naw ·Officers. tion of the Third American Conferen-ce at llio 1n the summer Changes in curriculum, therefore, should be in the direction -of of 1906. The con"Vention upon this subject adopted by the Con· making the course of instruction 'less theoretical and more ference .substantially as proposed by the A..merican delegates practical. No portion of any future class should be graduated is as foiows: in advance of the fun "four years' course, and under no circum- "In order to a"Void between nations armed conflicts o.f a stances should the standard of instruction ·be lowered. The purely pecuniary origin arising from contractual debts claimed Academy in almost an of its departments is now magnificently of the government ()f one country by the government of anotller equipped, and it would be very unwise to make the course of country te be due to lis nationalsJ the signatory Powers agree instruction less exacting than it is to-day.'"' not to have recourse to armed force for the collection of l:'uch Acting upon this suggestion I designated three seagoing offi- C{)ntra.etual debts. cers, Capt. Richard Wainwright, Oommander Robert S. Griffin, "However, this stipulation shall not be applicable when and Lieut. Commander Albert L . Key, all :gradu-ates of the the -debtor State refuses or lea~·es unanswered an offf'.r to Academy, to investigate conditions and to recommend to me arbitrate, or, in case of acceptance, mak-es it impo~ib1e to the best method of carrying into effect this genel"al recommen- formulate the terms of submission, or, after arbitration, fails dation. These officers performed the duty promptly and in- to comply with the awurd rendered. teliigently, and, under the personal direction of Capt. Dharles J . "n is further agreed that arbitration here conteru.plated Badger, Superintendent of the Academy, such of the proposed shall be in conformity, as to procedure, with Chapter Ill of changes as were deemed to be at present advisable were put the Conventlen for the Pacific Settlement of International Dis· into effect at the beginning of the academic year, October L putes adopted at The Hague, and that it shall deterruint-, in last. The results, I am confident, wiil be most beneficial to the S@ far as there shall be no agreement between the parties. the Academy, to the midshipmenJ and to the Navy. justice and the amount of the debt, the time and mode of pay- FOREIGN .AFF.AIBS~ ment thereof." , In foreign affairs this country's steady policy is to behave Such a provision would have prevented much injustice and toward other nations as a stro'ng 'aDd .self-respecting man should extortion in the past, and I cann{)t doubt that its eff-ect in the behave toward the other men with whom he is brought into future will be most salutary~ contact. In other words, our aim is disinterestedly to help A third advance has been made in amending a:nd perfecting other nations where such help can be wisely given without the -convention of 1899 for the V()luntary settlement of interna­ the appearance {)f meddling with what does n()t concern ns; tional ·disputes, and particularly the ~x:tension .of those parts t{) be careful to act as a good neighbor ; and at the same time, of that .convention which relate to commissions of lnqniry. in good-natmed Tashion, to make it evident that we do not The existence of those provisi-ons enabled the Gover!liDent~ of · t d to b · d Great Britain nd l,lussia to avoid war, notwithstandin~ f.'Teat m ~n e 1 mp-ose upon. public excitement, at the time of the Dogger Bank incident, "THE HAGUE. and the new convention agreed upon by the Oonferenc•~ gicves The Second International .Peace Conference was con-.ened practical effect to 'the experience gained in that inquiry. at The Hague on the 15th of J"une last and Temained in se sion Substantial progress was also ma:d~ towards the cr-eation of a until the 18th of October. For the first time the representa- p.erma:nent judicial tribunal for the determination of iutern::t· tiv s of practically all the eivilized 'COuntries of the :~ovorld tional .causes. There was--.ery full discussion of the proposal united in a temperate and kindly discussion of the methods by for such a eourt and a general agreement was finally 1·ea.ched which th~ causes of war might be narrowed .and its injurious in ia"Vor of its creation. The Conf-erence recommended to th~ t~ects reduced. ignatory Powers the adoption <>f a draft upon which it agreed Although the agreements reached in the Conferen-ce did for the organization of the court, leaving to be determined not in any directi-on go to the length hoped for by the more only the method by which the judges should be selected. This sanguine, yet in many directions important steps were taken, remaining unsettled question is plainly one which time :mtl and upon every subject on the progrn.mme there was such good temper will solve. full and considerate discussion as to justify the belief that A further agr-eement of the 'first importance was that for substantial progress has been made toward further agreements the creation of an international pTize court. The constitu· in the future. Thirteen conventions were agreed- upon em- tion, organization and procedme of such a tribunal were pro· bodying the definite conclusions which hn.d been reac:he~ and vided "for in detaiL Anyone who recans the injustices under resolutions were adopted marking the pr()gress made in mat- which this country suffered ·as a neutral power dming the early ters n}}on which a.gl'eement was n{)t y€t sufficiently complete part ()f the last century can not fail to see in this pro\ision t o make conventions practicable. for an international prize court the great .a.d\ance which the The odelegates 1:>f the United States wer.e instructed to fa"V01" world is mak-ing towards the substitution of the rule of rea on an agreement for obligatory arbitration, the establishment of and justiee in place of simple force. Not only wili the inter­ a permanent court of a.r.bitration t{) pr()Ceed judictally in the national prize court be the means of -protecting the inter sts hearing and decision of international causes, the prohibition of neutrals, but it is in itself a step towards the creation of the ef force for the collection of eontract -debts alleged to be due more general court for the hearing ()f internation-al contro"Ver~ from go-.ernments to citizens of other countries until after sies to which referenee has just been made. The organization arbitration as to the justice and amount of the debt and the and action of such a prize court can not :fail to accustom the time and milllner of payment, the immunity {)f private property different countries to the submission of international questions at sea, the better definition of the rights of neutrals, and, in to the decision of an international tribunal, and we 'may con­ case any measure to that -end should be introduced, the limi- fidently expect the results of such submission to bring about .a tation of armaments. general agreement upon the enlargement ·of the practice. In the field of peaceful disposal of international differences Numer us previ ions we:r.e adopted for reducing the evil se"Veral important advances were made. First, as to obliga- effects -of war and for defining the rights and duties of neu· tory arbitration. Although the

I 1907. CO~GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. secure a majority upon any difficult and important subject and Commerce and Labor. This commission was engagea for which is proposed for legislation, it becomes plain that the rep­ several months in conference with a similar commission ap­ resentatives of forty-five differe"Q.t countries, speaking many pointed by the German Government, under instructions, so far different languages, accustomed to different methods of proced­ as practicable, to reach a common understanding as to all the ure, with widely diverse interests, who discussed so many dif­ facts regarding the tariffs of the United States and Germany ferent subjects anu reached agreements upon so · many, are material and relevant to the trade relations between the two entitled to grateful appreciation for the wisdom, patience, and countries. The commission reported, and upon the basis of the moderation with which they have discharged their duty. The report, a further temporary commercial agreement was entered example of this tempora te discussion, and the agreements and into by the two countries, pursuant to which, in the exercise of the efforts to agree, among representatives of all the nations the authority conferred upon the President by the third section of the earth, acting with universal recognition of the supreme of the Tariff act of July 24, 1897, I extended the reduced tariff obligation to promote peace, can not fail to_ be a powerful in­ rates provided for in that section to champagne and all other fluence for good in future international relations. sparkling wines, and pursuant to which the German conven­ tional or minimum tariff rates were extended to about 9Gi per CUBA. cent of all the exports from the United States to Germany. A year ago in consequence of a revolutionary movement in . This agreement is to remain in force until the 30th of June, Cuba which tllreatened the immediate return to chaos of the 1908, and until six months after notice by either party to ter­ island, the United States intervened, sending down an army minate it. and establishing a provisional go,·ernment under Governor The agreement and the report of the commission on which it Magoon. Absolute quiet and prosperity have returned to the is based will be laid before the Congress for its information. island because of this action. We are now taking steps to This careful examination into the tariff relations between the provide elections in the island and our expectation is within United States and Germany involved an inquiry into certain of the coming year to be able to turn the island oyer again to a our methods of administration which had been the cause of gorernment chosen by the people thereof. Cuba is at our doors. much complaint on the part of German exporters. In this in­ It is not possible that this Nation should permit Cuba again quiry I became satisfied that certain vicious and unjustifiable to sink into the condition from which we rescued it. All ·that practices had grown up in our customs administration, notably we ask of the Cuban people is that they be prosperous, that they the practice of determining values of imports upon detective goyern themselyes so as to 'bring content, order and progress reports never disclosed to the persons whose interests were to their island, the Queen of the Antilles; and our only inter­ affected. The use of detectives, though often necessary, tends ference has been and will be to help them achieve these results. towards abuse, and should be carefully guarded. Under our practice as I found it to exist in this case, the abuse had be­ THE JAPANESE EXPOSITION. come gross and discreditable. Under it, instead of seeking in­ An invitation has been extended by Japan to the Govern­ formation as to the market value of merchandise from the well­ ment and people of the United States to participate in a great known and respected members of the commercial community national exposition to be held at Tokyo from April 1 to Octo­ in the country of its production, secret statements were obtained ber 31, 1912, and in which the principal countries of the world from informers and discharged employees and business rivals, are to be invited to take part. This is an occasion of special and upon this kind of secret evidence the -values of imported interest to all the nations of the world, and peculiarly so to goods were frequently raise_d and heavy penalties were fre­ us; for it is the first instance in which such a great national quently imposed upon importers who were never permitted to exposition has been held by a great power dwelling on the know what the evidence was and who never had an opportunity Pacific; and all the nations of Europe and America will, I to meet it. It is quite probable that this system tended towards trust, join in helping to success this 'first great exposition ever an increase of the duties collected upon irnl)orted goods, but I held by a great nation of Asia. The geographical relations of conceive it to be a violation of law to exact more duties than Japan and the United States as the possessors of such large the law provides, just as it is a violation to admit goods upon portions of the coasts of the Pacific, the intimate trade rela­ the payment of less than the legal rate of duty. This practice tions already existing between the two countries, the warm was repugnant to the spirit of American law and to American friendship which has been maintained ·between them without sense of justice. In the judgment of the most compete"!lt ex­ break since the opening of Japan to intercourse with the west­ perts of the Treasury Department and the Department of Com­ ern nations, and her increasing wealth and production, which we merce and Labor it was wholly unnecessary for the due collec­ regard with hearty goodwill and wish to make tne occasion of tion of the customs revenues, and the attempt to defend it mutually beneficial commerce, all unite in making it eminently merely illustrates the demoralization which naturally follows desirable that this invitation should be accepted. · I heartily from a long-continued course of reliance upon such methods. I recommend such legislation as will provide in generous fashion accordingly caused the regulations goyerning tllis brauch of the for the representative of this Government and its people in customs service to be modified so that values are determined the proposed exposition. Action should be taken now. We upon a hearing in which all the parties interested ha Ye an op-­ are apt to underestimate the time necessary for preparation in portunity to be heard and to know the el'idence against them. such cases. The inYitation to the French Exposition of 1900 Moreover our Treasury agents are accredited to the government was brought to the attention of the Congress by President Cleve­ of the country in which they seek information, and in Germany land in December, 1 95; and so many are the delays necessary receive the assistance of the quasi-official chambers of com­ to such proceedings that the period of four years and a half merce in determining the actual market Yalne of goons, in ac­ whicll then intenened before the exposition proved none . too cordance with what I am advised to be the h·ue construction of long for the proper preparation of the exhibits. the law. . These changes of regulations were adapted to the ·emoval of GEBMA...~ TARIFF AGREEMENT. such manifest abuses that- I have not felt that they onght to ba The adoption. of a new tariff by Germany, acompanied by con­ confined to our relations with Germany; and I have extended ventions for reciprocal tariff concessions between that country their operation to all oilier countries which have expressed. a. and most of the other countries of continental Europe, led the desire to enter into similar administrative relations. German Government to give the notice necessary to terminate the reciprocal commercial agreement with thjs country pro­ CHINA. claimed July 13, lDOO. Tile notice was to take effect ori the 1st I ask for authority to re-form the agreement with Chinu of 1\larch, 1906, and in default of some other arrangements this under which the indemnity of 1900 was fixed, by remitting and would have left the exports from the United States to Germany canceling the obligation of China for the payment of all that subject to the general German tariff duties, from 25 to 50 per part of the stipulated indemnity which is in excess of the cent higher than·the conventional duties imposed upon the goods sum of eleven million six hundred and fifty-fiye thousand four of most of our competitors for German trade. hundred and ninety-two dollars and sixty-nine cents, and in­ Under a special agreement made between the two Govern­ terest at four per cent. After the rescue of the foreign lega!. ments in February, 190G, the German Government postponed tions in Peking during the Boxer troubles in 1900 the Powers the operation of their notice until the 30th of June, 1907. In required from China the payment of equitable indemnities to the meantime, deeming it to be my duty to make every possible the several nations, and the final protocol under which the effort to prevent a tariff war between the United States and Ger­ troops ·were withdrawn, signed at Peking, September 7,- H)Ol, many arising from misunderstanding by either country of the con­ fixed the amount of this indemnity allotted to the United States ditions existing in the other, and acting upon the invitation -of at over $20,000,000, and China paid, up to and including the 1st the German Government, I sent to Berlin a commission com­ day of June, last, a little over $6,000,000. It was the first in­ posed of competent experts in the operation and administration tention of this Government at the proper time, when all claims of the customs tariff, from the Departments of the Treasury had been presented and all expenses ascertained as fu!ly as 84 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 3,.

possible, to revise the estimates and account, and as a proof ot smaller scale and · rendering much less valuable service. I rec· sincere friendship for China voluntarily to release that country ommend that the contribution of this Government to the ex­ from its legal liability for all payments in ex-cess of th~ sum penses of the Bureau be made commensurate with its increased which should prove to be necessary for actual indemnity to the work. United States and its citizens. THEODORE RooSEVEJ.. T. OH:Th'TJ:SE STUDENTS. THE WHITE HOUSE, December 3, 1907. This Nation should help in every practicable way in the educa­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The message of the President o~ tion of the Chinese people, so that the vast and populous Em­ the United States will lie on the table, and .it will be printed pire of China may gradually adapt itself to modern conditions. with the accompanying documents. One way of doing this is by promoting the coming of Chinese students to this country and making it attracth·e to them to take EXECUTIVE SESSION. courses at our universities and higher educational institutions. Mr. CULLOM. I move that the Senate proceed to the con­ Our educators should, so far as . possible, take concerted action sideration of e:xecnti>e business. toward this end. The motion was agreed to, · and the Senate proceeded to the consideration of ex:ecutiye business. .After five minutes spent MEXICO AND CENTRAL .AMERICA. iJl executive session the doors were reopened. On the courteous invitation of the President of Mexico, the Secretary of State visited that country in September a.nd O-cto­ DEATH OF REPRESENTATIVE GEORGE W. SMITH. ber and was received everywhere with the greatest k.i.lld.ness Mr. CULLO~I. .1\ir. President, I ask that the resolutions from and hospitality. the House of Representati-res in reference to the death of my He ca.rried from the Government of the United States to our late colleague in the House, Mr. George W. Smith, may be laid southern neighbor a message of respect and good will and of before the Senate. desire for better acquaintance and increasing friendship. The The VICE-PRE~IDENT. The Chair lays before the Senate rf'..sponse from the Goverlllllent and the people of Mexico was resolutions from the House of Representatives, which will be hearty and sin-cere. No pains were spared to manifest the most read. friendly attitude and feeling toward the United States. The Secretary read the resolutions, as follows: In view of the close neighborhood of the two countries the lN THE HOUSE 011' REPRESEXTATIVES, relations which exist between M~ico and the United Stutes Dece1nber 2, 1901.. are just cause for gratification. We ha-.e a common boundary Resolt:ed, That the House has heard with profound sorrow of the death of Ron. GEORGE W .. SMITH, a Representative from the State of of over 1.,500 miles from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific. Illinois. Much of it is marked only by the shifting waters of the Rio R esoll;ea, That a committee of fifteen Members of the House, with such members of the Senate as may be joined, be appointed to attend Grande. Many thousands of l\Iex:icans are residing upon our: the funeral. side of the line and it is estimated that over 40,000 .Americans Resolr;ed., That the Sergeant-at-Arms of the House be authorized and al'e resident in Mexican territory and that ..American inYest­ directed to take such steps as may be necessary for carrying out the ments in Mexico amount to OYer seven hundred million dollars. provisions of these resolutions, and that the necessary expenses in con­ nection therewith be paid out of the contingent fund of the House. The extraordinary industrial and commercial prosperity of Mex­ Resolt:cd, That ~ Clerk communicate these resolutions to the Sen­ ico has been greatly promoted by American enterprise, and ate and transmit .a copy thereof to the family of the deceased. Americans are sharing largely in its results. The foreign b·ade .Air. CULLOM. Mr. President, I o.ffer the resolutions which I of the Republic already exceeds -$240,000,000 per annum, and of send to the desk and ask unanimous consent for their immediate this two-thirds both of exports and imports are exchanged with consideration. the United States. Under these circumstances numerovs ques­ The VICE-PRESID~"T. The resolutions submitted by the tions necessarily arise between the two counb.'ies. These ques­ Senator from illinois will be read by the Secretary. tions a.re always approached and disposed of in a spirit of mu­ The resolutions were read, considered by unanimous consent, tual courtesy and fair dealing. Americans carrying on business and unanimously agreed to, as follows: in .Mexico testify uniformly to the kindness and consideration Resvh;td, Thtit the Senate has heard with profound sorrow the an· with which they are treated and their sense of the security of nouncement of the death ot the Hon. GEORGE W. SMITH, late a Re,pre· their property and enterprises under the wise administration of sentative from the State of Illinois. Re⧀ed, 'l'hat a committee of three Senators be appointed by the the great statesman who has so long held the office of Chief Vice-President to join the committee appointed on the part of the Magistrate of tba t Republic. House of Representatives to take order for .superintending the funeral The two Governments have been uniting their efforts for a o1 the deceased. Resol-&ed, That tbe Secretary communicate th~se resolutions to the considerable time past to aid Central America -in attaining the House of Representatives. degree of peace and order which have made possible the prosper­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair appoints as members ot ity of the northern parts of the Continent. After the pea-ce be­ the committee on the part of the Senate, under the second reso­ tween Guatemala, Honduras, and Salvador, celebrated under lution just adopted~ the Senator from Illinois [.M:r. HoPKINs], the circumstances described in my last Message, a new war the Senator f-rom- Indiana [Mr. HEMENWAY], and the Senator broke out between the Republic of Nicaragua, Hondm·as, and from Kentucky [Mr. McCREABY]. Salvador. . The effort to compose this new difficulty has resulted Mr~ CULLOU~ As a further niark of respect to the memory in the acceptance of the joint suggestion of the Presidents of my late colleague, I move that the Senate adjourn. of Mexico and of the United States for a general peace con­ The motion was agreed to; and (at 2 o'clock and 33 minutes ference between all the countries of Oentrnl .America. On the p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, .Wednesday, De­ 17th day of September last a protocol was signed, between the cember 4, 1907, at 12 o'clock meridian. representatives of the five Central American countries accredited to this Government agreeing upon a conference to be held in the City of Washington "in order to devise the means of pre­ NOMINATIONS. serving the good relations among said Republics and bringing about permanent peace in those countties." The protocol in­ E:recutive nominations received by the Senate Decent"ber 3, 1907. cludes the expression of a wish that the Presidents of the United PROMOTIONS IN THE DIPLOMATIC SERVICE. States and .Mexico should appoint" representatives to lend their Thomas J. O'Brien, of Michigan, lately envoy extraordinary good and impartial offices in a purely friendly way toward the and minister plenipotentiary to Denmark, to be amba "'ador realization of the objects of the conefTence." The conference extraordinary and plenipotentiary of the United States to is now in session and will have our best wishes and. where it is Japan, to which office he was promoted during the last recess practicable, our friendly assista.nce. of the Senate, vice Luke E. Wright, resigned. INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF AMERICAN REPUBLICS. H. Percival Dodge, of Massachusetts, lately secretary of the ~mbnssy at Tokyo, to be envoy extraordinary and Illiilister • One of the results of the Pan American conference at Rio plenipotentiary of the United States to Honduras and Salrndor, Janeiro in the summer of 1906 has been a great increase in the to which office he was promoted during the last recess of the activity and usefulness of the International Bureau of American Senate to fill an original vacancy. Republics. That institution, which includes all the American Maurice Francis Egan, of the District of Columbia, to be Republics in its membership and brings all their representatives enyoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiru·y of the together, is doing .a realJy valua.ble work in informing the people United States to Denmark, to which office he was appointed of the United States about the other Republics and in making during the last re

John B. Jacksf)n, of New Jersey, lately. envoy extraordinary Gustavus L. 1\Ionroe, jr., of Mississippi, to be secremry of tbe and minister plenipotentiary to Greece and Montenegro and legation of the United States at La Paz, Bolivia, to which office _ diploruutic agent in Bulgaria, to be envoy extraordinary and he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an minister plenipot('ntiary of the United States to Persia, to original vacancy. which office he was transferred during the lust recess of the Thomas Ewing .Moore, of the District of Columbia, lately Senate, vice Richmond Pearson, transferred and appointed to secretary of the legation at Peking, to be secretary of the lega­ be env-oy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Greece tion of the United States at Lisbon, Portugal, to which office he and Montenegro. was transferred dming the last recess of the Senate, vice Henry Horace G. Knowles, of Delaware, lately envoy extraordinary P. Fletcher, promoted to be secretary of the legation at Peking. and minister plenipotentiary to Roumania and Servia, to be . Stanton Sickles, of New York, lately secretary of the legation em·oy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the to Greece and Montenegro and of the diplomatic agency in Bul­ United States to Roumaniu and Servia and diplomatic agent in garia, to be secretary of the legation to Greece and Montenegro, Bulgaria, to · which office he was appointed during the last to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the recess of the Senate, to fill an orir;inal vacancy. Senate, to fill an original yacancy. Richmond Pearson, of North Carolina~ lately envoy extraor­ William F. Sands, of the District of Columbia, lately secre­ dinary and minister plenipotentiary to Persia, to be envoy tary of the legation at Panama, to be secretary of the legation extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the United of the United States at Guatemala, Guatemala, to which office States to Greece and Montenegro, to which office he was trans­ he was transferred during the last recess of the Senate, to fill ferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice John B. Jack­ an original vacancy. son, transferred and appointed to be envoy extraordinary and Charles S. Wilson, of Maine, lately secretary of the legation ' minister plenipotentiary to Persia. at Hubana, to be secretary of the legation of the United States Philip M. Brown, of .Massachusetts, lately secretary of the at Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic, to which office he was legation at Guatemala and Honduras, to be secretary of the em­ promoted during the lust recess of the Senate, vice Charles bassy of the United States at Constantinople, Turkey, to which Dunning White, transferred and appointed to be secretary of office he was promoted dming the last recess of the Senate, vice the legation to the Netherlands and Luxemburg. Peter Augustus Jay, transferred and appointed to be Secretary Charles Dunning White, of New Jersey, lately secretary of of the embassy at Tokyo. . the legation at Buenos Aires, to be secretary of the legation of Peter Augustus Jay, of Rhode Island, lately secretary of the the United Stutes to the Netherlands and Luxemburg, to which embassy at Constantinople, to be secretary of the ·embassy of office he was transferred during the fast recess of the Senate, the United States at Tokyo, Japan, to which office he was trans­ vice Roger Sherman Gates B{)utell, resigned. ferred during the lust recess of the Senate, vice H. Percival George T. Weitzel, of Missouri, to be secretary of the lega­ Dodge, promoted to be envoy extraordinary and minister pleni- tion of the United States to Nicaragua and Costa Rica, to which . potentiary to Honduras and Salvador. office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, to Irwin B. Laughlin, of Pennsylvania, lately second secretary ·fill an original vacancy. of the legation at Peking, to be second secretary of the embassy Fred Morris Dearing, of :Missouri, lately second secretary of of the United States at St. Petersburg, Russia, to which office the legation at Habana, ·to be second secretary of the legation he was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice of the United States at Peking, China, to which office he was Robert Woods Bliss, promoted to be secretru--y of the legation at promoted during the last recess · of the Senate, vice Irwin B. , Brussels. Laughlin, promoted to be second secretru·y of the embassy at Nelson ·O'Shaughnessy, of New York, lately third secretary St. Petersburg. of the embassy at Berlin, to be second secretary of the embassy A. Campbell Turner, of Missouri, to be second secretary of of the United States at Vienna, Aushia, to which office he was the legation of the United States at Habana, Cuba, to which promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice Francis G. office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, Landon, resigned. vice Fred Morris Dearing, promoted to be second secretary of Thomas Ewing Dabney, of Louisiana, to be third secretary the legation at Peking. of the embassy of the United Stutes at Mexico, Mexico, to which John Van A. Mac Murray, of New Jersey, to be secretary of office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate,, the legation and consul-general of the United States at Bang­ vice Joseph C. Grew, transferred and' appointed to be third kok, Siam, to which office he was appointed during the last secretary of the embassy at St. Petersburg. recess of the Senate, vice Irwin B. Laughlin, transferred and Joseph C. Grew, of Massachusetts, lately third secretary of appointed to be second secretary of the legation at Peking. the embassy at Mexico, to be third secretary of the embassy of John H. Gregory, jr., of Louisiana, to be secretary of the the United States at St. Petersbmg, Russia, to which office he legation of the United States to Honduras and Salvador, to was transferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice Basil which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Sen­ Miles, transferred and appointed to be third secretary of the ate, to fill an original vacancy. embassy at Berlin. Henry Coleman May, of the District of Columbia, to be secre­ Basil Miles, of Pennsylvania, lately third secretary of the tary of the legation of the United States at Panama, Panama, embassy at St. Petersburg, to be third secretary of the embassy to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the of the United States at Berlin, Germany, to which office he was Senate, vice William F. Sands, transferred and appointed to transferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice Nelson be secretary of the legation at Guatemala. O'Shaughnessy, promoted to be second secretary of the embassy Harry B. Owsley, jr., of New Jersey, to be secretary of the at Vienna. legation of the United States to Paraguay and Uruguay, to Norman Hutchinson, of California, lately secretary of the which office he was appointed during the last recess of the legation at Stockholm, to be secretary of the legation and con­ Senate, to fill an original vacancy. sul-general of the United States to Roumania and Servia and secretary of the diplomatic agency in Bulgaria, to ·which office CONSULS-GENERAL. he was transferred during the last recess of the Senate, to fill Albert R. Morawetz, of Arizona, lately consul of class 5 at an original vacancy. Bahia, to be consul-general at large of the United States, to William H. Buckler, of Maryland, to be secretary of the lega­ which office he was promoted dming the last reces.s of the Sen­ tion of the United States at Madrid, Spa~ to which office he ate, vice Richard M. Bartleman, transferred and appointed to be was appointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Leonard consul of class 8 at Madrid. M. Thomas, resigned. William Harrison Bradley, of Illinois, lately consul of class James G. Bailey, of Kentucky, lately secretary of the lega­ 2 at Manchester, to be consul-general of the United States tion to Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Salvador, to be seCI·etary of of class 3 at Montreal, Quebec, Canada, to which office he the legation at Stockholm, Sweden, to ·which office he was was promoted during the last recess of, the Senate, vice Church transferred during the last reces'S of the Senate, vice Norman Howe, transferred, and appointed to be consul of class 2 at Hutchinson, transferred and appointed to be secretary of the Manchester. legation to Roumania and Servia and secretary of the diplo­ Charles Denby, of Indiana, lately chief clerk of the Depart­ matic agency in Bulgaria. ment of State, to be consul-general of the United States of class Henry P. Fletcher, of Pennsylvania, lately secretary of the 2 at Shanghai, China, to which office he was promoted dur­ legation at Lisbon, to be secretary_ of the legation of the ing the last recess of the Senate, vice James Linn Rodgers, United States at Peking, China, to which office he was pro­ transferred and appointed to be consul-general of class 2 at moted during the last recess of the Senate, vice Thomas Ewing Habana. Moore, transferred and appointed to be secretary of the lega­ Thornwell Haynes, of South Carolina, lately consul of class ti.on at Lisbon. ·5. at Nanking, to be consul-general of the United States of 86~ CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SENATE. DECEJ\IBER 3' class 5 at Singapore, Straits Settlements, to which office he Theodosius Botkin, "of Utah, lately consul of class 9 at Port was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice David Louis, to be consul of the United States of class 9 at Camp­ F. Wilber, transferred and appointed to be consul-general of bellton, New Brunswick, Cannda, to which office he was trans­ class 5 at Halifax. ferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice James S. Thomas E. Heenan, of Minnesota, lately consul of class 6 Benedict, promoted to be consul of class 8 at St. Johns, New­ nt Odessa, to be consul-general of the United States of class 5 foundland. at Newchwang, China, to which office he was promoted during Joseph I. Brittain, of Ohio, lately consul of class 7 at Kehl, the last recess of the Senate, vice Thomas Sammons, promoted to be consul of the United States of class 6 at Prague, Austria, to be consul-general of class 4 at Seoul. to which office he was promoted during the last recess of the Frank D. Hil1, of Minnesota, lately consul of class 4 at Senate, vice Urbain J. Ledoux, resigned: · Amsterdam, to be consul-general of the United States of class 4· Jacob E. Conner, of Iowa, to be consul of the United States at St. Petersbnr~l Russia, to which office he was promoted of class 9 at Saigon, Cochin China, to which office he was ap­ during the last recess of the Senate, vice Ethelbert Watts, trans­ pointed during the last recess of the Senate, to fill an original ferred and appointed to be consul-general of class 4 at Brussels. vacancy. Frank n. Mowrer, of Ohio, lately consul of class 7 at Leghorn, Arthur S. Cheney, of Connecticut, lately vice and deputy con­ to be consul-general of class 7 at Copenhagen, Denmark, to sul at Reichenberg, to be consul of the United States of class which office he was promoted during the last recess of the 9 at Messina, Italy, to which office he was promoted during the Senate,· vice Ernest A. Man, transferred and appointed to be last recess of the Senate, vice Charles l\f. Caughy, promoted to consul of class 7 at Leghorn. be consul of class 7 at Malaga. Samuel E. l\fngil1, of Illinois, lately consul of class 7 at Tam­ Charles M. Caughy, of .Maryland, lately consul of class 9 at pico, to be consul-general of the United States of class 6 at Messina, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Malaga, San Salvador, Salvador, to which office he was promoted during Spain, to which office he was promoted during the last recess the last recess of the Senate, vice John Jenkins, resigned. of the Senate, Yice David R. Birch, promoted to be consul of Silas C. 1\!cFarland, of Iowa, lately consul of class 5 at class 6 at Genoa. Reichenberg, to be consul-general of the United States of class Edward ~ CrecYey, of Connecticut, lately consul of class 8 5 at St. Gall, Switzerland, to which office he was promoted during at Yarmouth, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at the last recess of the Senate, vice Thomas Willing Peters, trans­ Colombo, Ceylon, to which office he was promoted during the ferred and appointed to be consul-general of class 5 at 1\!unich. last recess of the Senate, vice William Morey, resigned. Thomas Willing Peters, of the District of Columbia, lately Caspar S. Crowninshield, of the District of Columbia, lately consul-general of class 5 at St. Gall, to be consul~general of the consul of class 9 at Castellamare di Stabia, to be consul of United States of class 5 at Munich, Bavaria, to which office he the United States of class 5 at Naples, Italy, to which office he was transferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice Wil­ was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice A. liam F. Wright, resigned. • Homer Byington, resigned. James Linn Rodgers, of Ohio, lately consul-general of class Hernando de Soto, of California, lately consular clerk, to be 2 at Shanghai, to be consul-general of the United States of consul of the United States of class 9 at Warsaw, Russia, to class 2 at Habana, Cuba, to which office he was transferred which office he was promoted during the last recess of the during · the last recess of the Senate, vice Frank Steinhart, Senate, vice Albert Leffingwell, resigned. ~~~~ . . Carl F. Deichman, of Missouri, to be consul of the United Thomas Sammons, of Washington, lately consul-general of States of class 9 at Manzanillo, Mexico, to which office he was class u at Kewchwang, to be consul-general of the United States appointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Philip of c]ass 4 at Seoul, Korea, to which office he was promoted Carroll, deceased. during the last recess of the Senate, vice William Haywood, Luther T. Ellsworth, of Ohio, lately consul of class 8 at Chi­ deceased. huahua, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Ciudad James A. Smith, of Vermont, lately consul of class 7 at Porfirio Diaz, Mexico, to which office he was transferred during Leghorn, to be consul-general of the United States of class 5 the last recess of the Senate, vice Lewis A. Martin, transferred at Boma, Independent State of the Kongo, to which office he and appointed to be consul of class 8 at Chihuahua. was promoted during the last recess of the Senate, vice Clarence Alfred J. Fleming, of Missouri, lately consul of class 8 at Rice Slocum, transferred and appointed to be consul of class Aden, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Yarmouth, 8 at Zlttau. No-ra Scotia, to which office · he was transferred during the Ethelbert Watts, of Pennsylvania, lately consul-general of last recess of the Senate, vice Edward A. Creevey, promoted to class 4 at St. Petersburg, to be consul-general of the United be consul of class 7 at Colombo. States of class 4 at Brussels, Belgium, to which office he was Charles l\f. Freeman, of New Hampshire, lately consul of tmnsferred during the last recess of the Senate, vice George w. class 9 at St. Pierre, to be consul of the United States of class Roosevelt, deceased. 9 at Durango, Mexico, to which office he was transferred during David F. Wilber, of New York, lately consul-general of class the last recess of the Senate, vice James A. LeRoy, resigned. 5 at Signapore, to be consul-general of the United States of P. Merrill Griffith, of Ohio, lately consul of class 8 at Mata­ class 5 at Halifax, NoYa Scotia, to which office he was trans­ moros, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Tampico, fen·ed during the last recess~ of the Senate, vice William R. Mexico, to which office he was promoted during the last recess Holloway, resigned. · of the Senate, vice Samuel E. Magill, promoted to be consul­ CONSULS. general of class 6 at San Salvador. Henry D. Baker, of Illinois, to be consul of the United States Roger S. Greene, of Massachusetts, lately consul of class 6 at of class 9 at Hobart, Tasmania, to which office he was appointed \ ladivostok, to be consul of the United States of class 6 at during the last recess of the Senate, vice Alexander George Dalny, Manchuria, to which office he was transferred during the Webster, retired. last recess of the Senate, vice John Edward Jones, transferred David R. Birch, of Pennsylvania, lately consul of class 7 at and appointed to be consul of class 6 at Winnipeg. Malaga, to be consul of the United States of class 6 at Genoa, Frederic W. Goding, of Illinois, lately consul of class 7 at Italy, to which office he was promoted during the last recess of Newcastle, New South Wales, to be consul of the United States the Senate, vice James Jeffrey Roche, transferred and appointed of class 6 at Montevideo, Uruguay, to which office he was pro­ to be consul of class 6 at Berne. moted during the last recess of the Senate, vice John W. O'Hara, Richard M. Bartleman, of .Massachusetts, lately consul-gen­ promoted to be consul of class 5 at Santos. eral at large, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Ilea Hanna, of California, lately vice and deputy consul at Madrid, Spain, to which office he was transferred during ,the Amoy, to be consul of the United States of class 9 at Iquique, last. recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacancy. Chile, to which office he was promoted during the last recess of James S. Benedict, of New York, lately consul of class 9 at the Senate, vice Charles S. Winans, promoted to be consul of Campbellton, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at St. class 8 at Valencia. Johns, Newfoundland, to which office he was promoted during William Dulany Hunter, of Minnesota, lately consular clerk, the last recess of the Senate, vice George 0. Cornelius, resigned. to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Nice, France, to Wallace C. Bond, of Wyoming, to be consul of the United which office he was promoted during the last recess of the States of class 8 at Aden, Arabia, to which office he was ap­ Senate, vice Harold S. Van Buren, deceased. pointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Alfred J. Joseph E. Haven, of Illinois, lately consul of class 9 at St. Fleming, transfen·ed and appointed to be consul of class 8 at Christopher, to be consul of the· United States of class 8 at Yarmouth. . Crefeld, Germany, to which office he was promoted during the Robert S. S. Bergh, of North Dakota, lately consul of class last recess of the Senate, vice Thomas R. Wallace, promoted to 8 at Gothenburg, to be consul of the United States of class 7 be consul of class 7 at Jerusalem. at Mainz, Germany, to which office he was promoted during the Charles B. Hai·ris, of Indiana, lately consul of class 6 at last recess of the Senate, vice Walter Schumann, resigned. Nagasaki, to be consul of the United States of class 5 at Rei- 1907 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.. 87

chen.Wr~ AustTia, to which office he was promoted dnring the . Siberia, to which offic-e he was promoted during the last reeess last r•ece s of the Senate, vice Silas C~ McFarland, promoted to of the Senate, vice Roger S. Greene, transfe-rred and appeinted be consul-general o:f class 5 at St. G..'l.ll. to be consul of class 6 at Dalny. Church llowe, ot Teb1"uska, lately consul-general of c:lass 3 Edward I. Nathan of Pennsylvania, to- be consul of the at Montreal, to be consul of the- United States of class 2 at United States of class 9 a.t Patrasf Greece. to which office he :Manchester,. England, to which office he. was transferred dur­ was appointed during the last recess. wa.s promoted dUring the· last re­ during the last recess of the Senate, vice- James C. UcNally, cess of the Senate, vice Joseph r. Brittain, promoted to be con­ promoted to be consnl of elas5 5 at Nanking. sul of class 6 at Prague. Jesse H. Joimson, of Texas, lately consul of class 5 at Santos, James Jeffrey Roche, of Mru;sachusetts, lately consul of class to b-e consul of the United States of. class 7 at Swansea,. Wales, 6 at Genoa, to- be- consul of the United States of class 6 at to which office he was transferred durlng the Iast recess of the Berne, Switzerland, to- which office he was transferred during Senate, vjce Griffith W. Prees, resigned. the- last recess of the Senate, viee Edwaxd Higgins, promote¢ to John Edward Jones,. of the District of Columbia, lately consul be consul of class 5 at Stuttgart. of class 6 at Dalny, to be consul of the United States of class William H . Robertson, of Virginia, former congu} at Ham­ 6 at Winniueg, Manitoba, panada, to which office he was trans­ burg, to be consul of the United Sta.t~ of class 8 at Gothen­ bnr~ Sweden, to which office he was appointed. duTing the last ferred during the late recess of the Sennt~, vice Samuel H. Shank, transferred and appointed to be consul of class 6 at recess of the Senate, vice Robert S. S. Bergh, promoted to be consul of. class 7 at Mabiz. li!annheim. Walter D. Shaughnessy: of Utah, lately consular agent. at Lorin A.. Lathrop. of California, lately comml of crass 9' at Charleroi, to be consul of the United States of class 9- at Agnas­ Bristol, tct be consul of the United States of class 8 at Cardiff, calientes, 1\Ie:x:ico, to which office he was promoted during the· Wale, to which office he was promoted during the last reeess last recess of the Senate, to fill an original vacu:acy. of the Senate, Yice Daniel W. Williams, resigned. Nathaniel B. Stewart, of Georgia, to be consul of the United be Samuel T. Lee, of Michigan, to consul of the United States of class 9 at Castellama.re di Stabia. Italy~ to which States of class 8 at Nogales,. Mexico, to which office he was ap­ office he was appointed durfng the last recess €>f' the Senate, vice pointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Albert R. Caspru: S. Crowninshield., promoted to be consuJ of class 5 at Morawetz; promoted to oo consul ot class 5 at Bahia. Naples. Drew Linard, of Pennsylvania, to be consul of the United Samuel H. Shank, of Indiana, lately consul of class 6 at States of class 9 at Ceiba, Honduras, to which office he was Winnipeg, to be consul of the United States of class 6 at .Mann.­ appointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice Dean ·R. heim, Germany, to which office be was transferred during the Wood, resigned. last recess of the Senate, vice Heaton W. Ha:rris, promoted to be James Ve-rner Long, of Pennsylvania, lately consnl of ciass consul of class 5 at Nuremberg. . 9 at Patras,. to be consul of the United States of class 9 at George H. Scidmore, of Wisconsin, lately consular clerk, to Venice, ro which office lle was transferred during the last be consul of the United States o-f class t;. at Nagasaki, .Japan, recess of the Senate, vice Paul Nash, promoted to be consul of to which offi.ee he was. promoted during the last rec-ess of the class 6> at Vladivostok. Senate, vice Charles B'. Harris, pro!ll.()ted ta be consru of class 5 .James C. McNally, of. Pennsylvania, lately consul of class 7 at at Reichenberg. J,icge, to be consul of the United States of class 5 at Nanking, Clarence Rice Slocnm, of New York~ late-ly consul-general of China, to whicb office he was p-romoted drrrin_g the last recess class 5 at Boma, m be consUl of the United States of class 8 of the Senate, vice Thornwen Haynes, promoted to be consul­ at Zitta.u, Saxony, to which office he was transferred during the general of class 5 at Singapore.. last rece-ss of the Senate, vice William J. Pike, promoted to be Ernest .A. Man. of Florida, lately consul-general of class 7 at consul of class 7 at Kehl. CE5penhagen, to be consul of the United States of class 7 at Ca.lvin F. Smith~ of Pennsylvania.. to be cons:ul of the United Le-ghorn, Italy, to which office he was transfe-rred during the States of· class 8 at Zanzibar, Zanzibar, to which office he was last recess o1 the Senate. vice Frank R. Mowrer, promoted to be appointed during the last :recess of the Senate, 'ice Frederic consul-general of class 7 at Copenhagen. Macl\f.aster, resigned. Isaac A. Manning, of Oregon, former consular agent at 1\Iata­ Frederick Van Dyne~ of New York, lately Assistant Solicitor galpa-, to . be consul of. the United Sttttes of class 9 at Carta­ of the Dep:l.l'tment of State-, to be consul of the United States of gena, Colombia, to which office he was appointed dm·ing the class 4 at ;Kingston • .Jamaica, to which offiee he was· promoted last reeess of the Senate, vice Luther T. Ells-worth, promoted during the last recess of the Senate. vice George H. Bridgman, to be consul of class 8 at Chihuahua. resigned. Clarence A. Miller, of Missouri, to be consul of the United Thomas W. Yoetter, of New :Mexico, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Matamoros, Mexico, to which office he was Stn.tes o:t class 9 at Saltillo:. Mexico, to wbich €>ffiee he was ap­ appointed during the last recess- of the Senate, vice P. Merrill pointed iluring the last recess of the Sen~te., vice Victor L. GriffithJ promoted to be consul of class 7 at Tampic-o. Duhaime, resigned. Henry H. :Morgan. of Louisiana, lately consul of class 5 at Charles. S. Winans, of Michigan, lately consul of class 9 at Stuttgart, to be consul of the United States of class 4 at Amster­ Iquique, to be consul of the United States of class 8 at Valencia, dam, Netherlancls, to which office he was promoted during the Spain, to which office he was promoted dming the last recess last recess of the Senate, vice Frank D. Hill, promoted to be of the Senate, vice Henry Abert Johnson, promoted to be consul consul-general of class 4 at St. Petersburg. of class 7 at Liege. Lewis A. :Martin, of West Virginia, lately consul of class 8 Thomas R. '\Vallace, of Iowa~ lately consul of class 8 at Cre-­ at Oiudad Porfirio Diaz, to be consul of the United States of feld, to be. consul of the United States of class 7 at Jerusalem, class 8 at Chihuahua. 1\.iexic'o, to which office he was transferred Turkey, to which office he was promoted duTing the last recess during the Iast recess of the Senate, vice Luther T: Ellsworth, ~f the Senate, vice Selah Merrill, promoted to be consul of class transferred and appointed to be consul o:f class 8 at Ciudad 6 at Georgetown, Guiana. Porfirfo Diaz. J. Perry Worden, o:f Michigan. to be consul of the United Selah Merrill, of Massachusetts, lately consul of class 7 at States of class 9 at BristoJt England, to whic-h office he was ;Terusalem, to be consul of class 6 at ~orgetown,. Guiana, to appohlted during the last recess of the Senate, nee Lorin A. which office he was promoted dming the laSt recess of the Sen­ Lathrop, promoted to be eonsnl of class 8 at Cardiff. ate, vice John. Mc~fa ckin, deceased. . ArPRAlSER OF MERCH'ANDISE. Paul Nash, of New York, lately consul of class 9 at Venice, John G. ~fattos, jr., of California, to be appraiser of merchan­ to be consul of the United States of class 6 at Vladivostok, dise in the district of San Francisco, in the· State of California, ~ 88 CONGRESSIONAL REOOR])-SEN~TE. DECEMBER 3,

in place of_ John T. Dare, resigned. Mr. Mattos is now serving First Lieut. Frederick Gilbert Dodge, to be captain in the under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as such Senate. from September 4, 1907, in place of Francis Tuttle, retired. Mr. ASSISTANT APPRAISERS OF MERCHANDISE. Dodge . is now serving tmder a temporary commission issued Charles W. Bunn, of New York, to be assistant appraiser of during the recess of the Senate. . merchandise in the district of New York, in the State of New First Lieut. Andrew James· Henderson to be captain in the York, in place of Lyman B. Carhart, resigned. Mr. Bunn is Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as such now serving under a temporary commission issued during the from March 2, 1907, in place of Edmond Charles Chaytor, re­ recess of the Senate. tired. Mr. Henderson is now serving under a temporary com­ Adolph L. Kline, of New York, to be assistant appraiser of mission issued during the recess of the Senate. merchandise in the district of New York, in the State of New First Lieut. Staley Marion Landrey to be captain in the York, in place of Harvey T. Andrews, resigned. Reyenue-Cutter Service of the United States to rank as such from l\larch 17, 1907, in place of William Foss Kilgore, retired. Frank N. Peh·ie, o~ New York, to be assist~nt appraiser of merchandise in the district of 1\ew York, in the State of New 1\Ir. Landrey is now serving under a temporary commission York, in place of John W. Burgess, resigned. Mr. Petrie is issued during the recess of the Senate. now serving under a temporary commission issued during the Second Lieut. Herman Howard Wolf to be first lieutenant recess of the Senate. in the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as John D. Smith, of New York, to be assistant appraiser of such from March 17, 1907, in place of Staley Marion Landrey, merchandise in the district of New York, in the-State of New promoted. Mr. Wolf is now serving under a temporary com­ York, in place of Edwin A. Hartshorn, resigned. Mr. Smith is mission issued during the recess of the Senate. now serving under a temporary commission issued duriug the Second Lieut. · Walter Aquila Wiley to be first lieutenant in recess of the Senate. the Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as Harry B. Stowell, of New York, to be assistant appraiser of such from March 2, 1907, in place of Andrew James Henderson, merchandise in the district of New York, in the State of New promoted. Mr. Wiley is now serving under a temporary com­ York, in place of William F. Comly, removed. 1\Ir. Stowell is mi ~ sion issued during the recess of the Senate. now serving under a temporary commission issued during the Sec<,md Asst. Engineer Wi1liam Lindsay Maxwell to be first recess of the Senate. assistant engineer, with rank of second lieutenant, in the Rev­ enue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as such from . COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS. April 27, 1907, in place of Byron AdT'ance Minor, retired. Mr. Jacob C. Pike, of Maine, to be collector of customs for the Maxwell is now serving under a temporary commission issued dish·ict of Passamaquoddy, in the State of .Maine, in place of during the recess of the Senate. · George A. Curran; whose term of ofijce expired by limitati-on on George Wilson Cairnes, of Maryland, to be second assistant January 28, 1907. Mr. Pike is now serving under a temporary engineer with rank of third lieutenant in the Revenue-Cutter commission issued Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, Mr. Prall is now serving under a temporary commission issued in place of C. ·wesley Thomas, deceased. Mr. Hill iS now serv­ during the recess of the Senate. ing under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. PRO~OTIONS IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH AND M.A.BINE-HOSPIT.AL Frank J. Howatt, of Florida, to be collector of customs for SERVICE. the district of St. Augustine, in the State of Florida, in place P. A. Surg. Benjamin W. Brown, to be surgeon in the Public of George A. Alba, resigned. Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States, to SURVEYORS OF cusToMs. rank as such from November 9, 1907, in place of John Godfrey, Henry C. M. Burgess, of Nebraska, to be surveyor of customs deceased. for the port of Lincoln, in the State of Nebraska, in place of P. A. Surg. John M:. Eager, to be surgeon in the Public Health Lewellyn L. Lindsey, whose term of office expired by limitation and l\farine-Hospital Service of the United States, to rank as on January 22, 1906. Mr. Burgess is now serving under a tern- such from November 9, 1007. porary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. P. A. Surg. Milton J. Rosenau, to be surgeon in the Public Ernest I. Edgcomb, of New York, to be snrreyor of customs Health and 1\Iarine-Hospital Service of the United States, to for the port of Syracuse, in the State of New York, in place of rank as such from November 9, 1907. Frederick A. Kuntzsch, deceased. Mr. Edgcomb is now serving Asst. Surg. Richard H. Creel, to be passed assist.ant sur­ under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the geon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the Senate. United States, to rank as such from August·5, 1907. 1\fr. Creel John J. Gore, of Tennessee, to be surveyor of customs for the I is now serving under a temporary commission issued during the port of Nashville, in the State of Tennessee, in place of Joseph recess of the Senate. . w. Dillin, whose term of office expired by limitation on Janu- . Asst. Sur~. Ruel E. Eberso~e, to be yassed ~ss1stant sur~eon ary 13, 1907. Mr. Gore is now serving under a temporary com- m the Public ~ealth and ~Iarme-Hosp1tal Service of the Umt~d mission issued during the recess of the Senate. States, t~ rank as. such from August ~· ~907.. Mr. Ebe~·sole IS Charles T. Reed, of west Virginia, to be surveyor of customs now servmg under a temporary comm1sswn Issued durmg the for the port of Wheeling, in the State of West Virginia, in recess of the Senate. . . place of Charles H. Senseney, whose term of office expired Asst. S?rg. Albert D. Fost~r, to be J?assed as~1stant surgeo~ m by limitation on February 5, 1907. Mr. Reed is now serving the Public He~alth and Marme-Hosp1tal Serv1ce of the Umted under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the States, to rank as such from November 28, 1907. Senate Asst. Surg. Holcombe MeG. Robertson to be passed assistant · surgeon in th~ Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of PROMOTIONS IN THE REVENUE-CUTTER SERVICE. the United States, to rank as SUCh from N"OT'ember 26, 1907. First Lieut. Ellsworth Price Bertholf to be captain in the Asst. Surg. William C. Rucker to be passed assistant surgeon · ReT'enue-Cutter Service of the United States, · to rank as such in the Public Health and Maril!e-Hospital Service of the United from June 23, 1!)07, in place of David Allen Hall, retired. 1\Ir. States, to rank as such from August 9, 1907. 1\Ir. Rucker is Bertholf is now serving under a temporary commission issued now serving under a temporary commission issued during the during the recess of the Senate. recess of the Senate. First Lieut. Godfrey Lyilet Rarden, to be captain in the Asst. Surg. Arthur 1\:I. Stimson to be passed assistant surgeon Re\enue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as such in the Public Health and :Marine-Hospital Service of the United from September 2, 1907, in place of Dorr Francis Tozier, re- States, to rank as such from August 6, 1907. 1\Ir. Stimson is tired. .Mr. Carden is now serving under a temporary commis- now serving under a temporary commission issued during the sion issued during the recess of the Senate. recess of the Senate. First Lieut. Richard Owens Crisp, to be captain in the Asst. Surg. John W. Trask to be passed assistant surgeon Revenue-Cutter Service of the United States, to rank as such in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the from August 23, 1007, in place of Thomas Dixon Walker, re- United States, to rank as such from August 21, 1907. l\Ir. tired. l\Ir. Crisp is now serving under a temporary commission Trask is now serving under a temporary commission issued issued during the recess of the Senate. during the recess ot the Senate. 1907~ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 89

Asst. Surg. William K. Ward to be passed assistant surgeon SUPERINTENDENT OF THE MINT AT SAN FRANCISCO. in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of-the United Edward Sweeny, of California, to be superintendent of the States, to rank as such from August 5, 1907. Mr. Ward mint of the United States at San Francisco, Cal., in place of is now serving under a temporary commission issued during Frank A. Leach, resigned. Mr. Sweeny is now serving undE:r a the recess of the Senate. temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. William Minor Bryan, of" Virginia, to be assistant surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United COINER. States. Mr. Bryan is now serving under a temporary commis- William 1\I. Cutter, of California, t~ be coiner of the mint of sion issued during the recess of the Senate. · the United States at San Francisco, CaL, in place of August E. Charles W. Cha.pin, of New York, to be assistant surgeon in l\fuenter, resigned. Mr. Cutter is now serving under a tem­ the Public Health and Marine-Hospital · Service of the United porary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. States, in place of Edward M. Steger, resigned. Mr. Chapin is SUPERINTENDENT OF ASSAY OFFICE. now serving under a temporary commission issued during the Kingsbery Foster, of New York, to be superintendent of the recess of the Senate. · · United States assay office at New York, N. Y., in place of James Raymond Hurley, of California, to be assistant surgeon Andrew 1\Iason, resigned. Mr. Foster is now serving under a in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. States. Mr. Hurley is now serving under a temporary commis­ sion issued during the recess of the Senate. TREASURER OF PORTO RICO. Emil Krulish, of New York, to be assistant surgeon in the Samuel D. -Gromer, of .Missouri, to be treasurer of the island Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States. of Porto Rico, in place of William F. Willoughby, resigned. Mr. Krulish is now serving under a temporary commission is­ 1\fr. Gromer is now serving under a temporary commission is­ sued during the recess of the Senate. sued during the recess of the Senate. Anthony Joseph Lanza, of the District of Columbia, to be COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE. assistant surgeon in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital .John G. Capers, of South Carolina, to be Commissioner of Service of the United States. Mr. Lanza is now serving under Internal Revenue, in place of .John W. Yerkes, resigned. Mr. a temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. Capers is now serving under a temporary commission issued Edward R. Marshall, of Tennessee, to be assistant surgeon during the recess of t~:1e Senate. in the Public·Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States, in place of Henry D. Long, resigned. Mr. Marshall is DIRECTOR OF THE MINT. now serving under a temporary ·commission issued during the Frank A. Leach, of California, to be Director of the Mint, in recess of the Senate. place of George E. Roberts, resigned. 1\Ir. Leach is now serving Raymond B. Scofield, of Mimiesota, to be assistant surgeon under a temporary commission issued during the recess of the in the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United Senate. States. Mr. Scofield is now serving under a temporary commis­ AUDITOR FOR THE NAVY DEPABTMENT. sion iss~ed during the recess of the Senate. Ralph W. Tyler, of Ohio, to be Auditor for the Navy Depart­ ment, in place of William W. Brown, resigned. Mr. Tyler is MEMBERS OF BOABD OF CHARITIES. now serving under a temporary commission issued during the Myer Cohen, of the District of Columbia, to be a member of re<:ess of the Senate. the Board of Charities of the District of Columbia for the ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. term ending June 30, 1908, to which office he was appointed Beekman Winthrop, of New York, to be Assistant Secretary during the last recess of the Senate, vice Simon Wolf, resigned. of the Treasury, in place of Arthur F. Stutter, resigned. Mr. George M. Lightfoot, of the District of Columbia, to be a Winthrop is now serving under a temporary commission issued member of the Board of Charities of the District of Columbia unring the recess qf the Senate. for the term of three years from .July 1, 1907, to which office he was appointed during the last recess of the Senate; vice AGENT TO PROTECT SALMON FISHERIES. George W. Cook, resigned. 1\fillRrd C. 1\larsh, of New York, who was appointed April 23, 1!107, during the recess of the Senate, to be agent for the FIRST ASSISTANT SECRETABY OF THE INTERIOR. protection of the salmon fisheries of .Alaska, Department of Frank Pierce, of Salt Lake pity, Utah, who was appointed Commerce and Labor. October 25, 1007, during the recess of the Senate, to be First DffiECTOR OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. Assistant Secretary of the Interior, vice Thomas Ryan, ap­ George Otis Smith, of Skowhegan, Me., who was appoint~d pointed to another office. April 5,_1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be Director of COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVENUE. the Geological Survey, vice Charles I. Walcott, resigned. August E. Muenter, of California, to be collector of internal INDIAN INSPECTOR. revenue for the first district of California, in place of John Z. Lewis Dalby, of Roanoke, Va., who was appointed April C. Lynch, resigned. Mr. l\Iuenter is now :serving under a 22, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be an Indian in­ temporary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. spector, vice Cyrus Beede, term expired. Walter F. Drake, of Hawaii, to be collector of internal INDIAN AGENT. revenue for the district of Hawaii, in pla<;e of Roy H. Cham­ Ernest Stecker, of Baltimore, Md., who was appointed berlain, resigned. October 25, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be agent Michael J. Tobin, of Iowa, to be collector of internal revenue for the Indians of the Kiowa Agency in Oklahoma, vice John for the third district of Iowa, in place of Archibald C. Smith, P. Blackmon, deceased. resigned. Mr. Tobin is now serving under a temporary com­ mission issued during the recess of the Senate. RECEIVERS OF PUBLIC MONEYS. Bernhard Bettmann, of Ohio, to be collector of internal reve­ Louis H. Arneson, of Hood River, Oreg., who was appointed nue for the first district of Ohio, in place· of Herman F. Cel­ April 10, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be receiver of larius, resigned. Mr. Bettmann is now serving under a tem­ public moneys at The Dalles, Oreg., vice Miss Annie M. Lang, porary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. term expired. William V. McMaken, of Ohio, to be collector of internal Harry 0. Collins, of Missoula, Mont., who was appointed revenue for the tenth district of Ohio, in place of George P. September 27, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be Waldorf, resigned. Mr. McMaken is now serving under a tem­ receiver of public moneys at Missoula, Mont., vice Edward A. porary commission issued during the recess of the . Senate. Winstanley, resigned. Robert S. Sharp, of Tennessee, to be collector of internal Robert Gorman, of Towner, N. Dak., who was appointed revenue for the district of Tennessee. New office. Mr. Sharp August 10, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be receiver is now serving under a temporary commission issued during of public moneys at Minot, N. Dak., vice Thomas E. Fox, term the recess of the Senate. expired. Myron Willsie, of Rapid City, S. Dak., who was appointed • ASSISTANT TREASURER OF THE UNITED STATES AT SAN FRANCISCO. November 27, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be re­ William C. Ralston, of California, to be assistant treasurer ceiver of public moneys at Rapid City, S. Dak., vice John :u. of the United States at San Francisco, Cal., in place of .Julius Burke, term expired. .Jacobs, deceased. 1\Ir. Ralston is now serving under a tem­ William B. Hodge, jr., of Guthrie, Okla., to be receiver of porary commission issued during the recess of the Senate. public moneys at Guthrie, Okla.,. his term having expired Novem- ber 23, 1907. (Reappointment.) · ' · .' t l 90 C 'ONGP~SSION AL RECORD-SENATE.. D ECEMBER 3, ------~---.------J. Fran · ~ Hunt, a:li Idaho,. to· be· Feeeiver· e:fr f>Ublie: moneys at SECRETARY OF NEW M!EXlCO· Blackfoot, Ida.ho, vice George A.. Robethun, term expired. N£than: .Ja:ffa>,. o1J Itosweii. N.-1\:le:L,. who was· a-ppoin:fed Augu-st Lemnef B. La:w,Jilin, of South: Da:kotn:, to be- reeef.ver of public 15;. 100'1; during.. the neeess:; of tll-e' Senate~- to be· secr.etaxy of atr ~ mon-eys: (!)humb"erla1n, 8. DuK., his· term h:Iving expired New MeXicO<,.. vi~e. J:ames-. W~ lt.'llyn.old 1 resiiDl€d. Cellll>er 18, 1!)05. eReappointment:,) Frank L. 1\fnllory, of De Qrreen, .Ark., whu W1f'S appofuted MEMBERS OF' THE ISTHYIAN CA AL CCl'UMTSSTON.- Murch 13, 1007, during the recess· of the Senate, to be receiver :I.;fEffit. Col. George. W .. Goethals, Cot·ps of. EngfueerB',.. United of public moneys at Ca.ml~ Al:k:, ville Edwa'lrd A..,. Schicker, States· Army; merub.er a-nd clia..irman:; Maj. Dp.vid DuB. Gaillard; Jmru.Ove.dl. OrrpB' of- Engineers,, Unfted: States Army;. Maj .. WWia:m L . Walter. Shanley, et Glasgow, Ment.,. wh'G· wa'S appointed Marcl'l: Sibevt, Cor]2s of Engfn-eers, U'nit'ed Stn:tes Army·· Civil Engfneer 16, 10€>7, d:aring the reee s of: the-· Senate~ to be: reeei:ver: o:£ nuo.­ H.a;r:r:y H._ Rousseau, United Sta.tes. 1\l.a vy·;. J'oseph:. C. S~ Black· . lie moneys at Glasgow~ Mont., a newly created office. Irnrn. . George Stone~ o:f S"an Fmncisco, cal., wfio was. appointed No­ cmcur:c JunuEs. vember f4 1007', during- the recesa of the Senate. 1:01 he' receiver Walter C. Noyes, of Connecticut, t o be United States cir.euft of puf>l'ic moneys· at Oajd..'l.!Uf, ear., vice· Sargen:t K MOrton, teYm judge: fou- the· second! judiciull aircuit, wJW· was a:p]>ointed dul'ing expf-r-e,. Wyo.,. viee Frederick W. Daniels, J:une: P:. Wood~ . of oruo:,. to I;:e! presid~n.t of· the eommiss:1on to r esigned. · ca:ny intO' etfeC"'t the pruvisions of" m:tfcle-1 of tbe treaty of' 1898 J o:&n: L. BuTke, of. South Dakota, to· be register of tlie land between the United;. ~t-ates.- :md Spurn, wfto was appointed dur­ office at Rapid:. CJity; ~ Dale,. vice George . F~ Bennett,. term ing the last r ecess of. the. Senate,. viee William. E . Chandler, re­ expired. signed. W. Hall Irons, of Plankinton, S. Dak., wlio· was appointed MEMnERS' OF WANISir TREA:TY CL.nltS COMMT!ff§ION:. November 27, !00'1, d'ultin,. tlie· reeess· of' the S-enate, to be Harry· K. Daugherty, of. :Pennsylv:mia, to be a: commissioner register o:t the fun-d office a..t murrrilie:rfu.'in·r s:.. Dak:; viee: Charles to ca-rey into- effect th-e. provisions: of UI'ticle 7 of tb.e treat:v, L. Broclnvn.:y~ tenm. ex;pived. lletweett the TI'nitecr Stn..tes. and Spain'. Mx; Daugherty was ap­ Paul D~ ~ibs, of Coiumllia,. S Dak., who wa:s a-ppointed: No­ pointed dlt:rrfu:g the last rece3S of thE£ s ·enate, vice Gerrit J . - vember 27, 1907, during the recess: of the S:ena:te, to D-e· r:eg:i ter Diwenm:,. resignecf. · of the land offiee at. Aher.deen, S. Dak., vice John.. S. Vetter, term R:osweiT: P . BishOPr ot 1\Ifehfgan, to be· a commissihner to· carry expire!}. . into effect' the provfsf-ons of article '(. of the tre:rfy.' o! 1898. be­ ..tl-vfn I:. l!.fe::\'fit.®n, o:f S.Mshone, Idaho, wllo: was appofnted tween the United States and Spain, 'Wfia was appointed during ~fay 2, 1tHJ'7, d1:tr'mg; the recess o:f tlie: S"ena:te~: fu be register of the lust ueeess· of the. sen-ate; -vi:ce James. P~ WMd; nominated the land office a:t Haney; Ida:Ilo, vice Neal ;r.. Sharp,_ term. ex.­ to be president of the commission.. pu·ed. .A:SSO€IA'llE' Jl:TSTIDE. Charles w. ~roore; ot tkass Vairey, O'reg;, who· was appointed April ~(}, . lllO!r, during the :cecess- of the. Senate,. to- IJe· register of J o i:th: A. Van O'rsdel', o::e' Wyamin~ to be assoefute justice of the lillld. offi(;e at The Da;lies, Oreg:, vice· Michael ~ Nolan:, re­ the court of appea-ls of the District ot' C'oi'um-Ma:, wfie Un:ftecr States- district the land office at Pheeair, Ariz., vice Milton R. M.eere, deeeased. ja

John E. Sater, of Ohio, to be United States district judge for Frank B. Clark, of Iowa, to be United States marshal for the southern district of Ohio, who was appointed during the the southern district of Iowa, who was appointed during the last recess of the Senate under the provisions of the act ap­ last recess of the Senate in the place of George M. Christian, pro-ved February 25, 1907, entitled "An act to provide for the term expired . . appointment of an additional district judge in and for the Cornelius C. Duson, of Louisiana, to be United States marshal southern district of Ohio." for the western district of Louisiana, who was appointed dur­ Halph E. Campbell, of Oklahoma, to be United States district ing the last recess of the Senate, vice B. F. Oneal, removed. judge for the eastern district of Oklahoma, who was appointed Mr. Duson was nominated for this position at the second session during the last recess .of the Senate, as provided for by the act of the Fifty-ninth Congress, but failed of confirmation. appro-ved June 16, 1906, entitled "An act to enable the people of Grosvenor A. Porter, of Oklahoma, to be United States mar­ Oklahoma and of the Indian. Territory to form a constitution shal for the eastern district of Oklahoma, who was appointed and State go-vernment and be admitted into the Union on an during the last recess of the Senate, as provided for by the act equal footing with the original States," etc. approved June 16, 1906, entitled "An act to enable the people John H. Cottera1, of Oklahoma, to be United States district of Oklahoma and of the Indian Territory to form a constitu­ judge for the western district of Oklahoma, who was appointed tion and State government and be admitted into the Union on during the last recess of the Senate, as provided for by the act an equal footing with the original States," etc. appro-ved June 16, 1906, entitled ".An act to enable the people of John R. Abernathy, of Oklahoma, to be United States marshal Oklahoma and of the Indian Territory to form a constitution for the western district of Oklahoma, who was appointed during and State government and be adri:titted into the Union on an the last recess of the Senate, as provided for by the act ap­ equal footing with the original States," etc. pro•ed June 16, 1906, entitled "An act to· enable the people of UNITED STATES ATTORNEYS. Oklahoma and of the Indian Territory to form a constitution and State government and be admitted into the Union on an Oliver D. Street,, of .Alabama, to be United States attorney equal footing with the original States," etc. for the northern district of Alabama, who was appointed dur­ ing the last recess of the Senate, vice Thomas R. Roulhac, COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION OF PORTO RICO. term exph·ed. :Edwin Grant Dexter, of illinois, who was appointed July 2, Frederick F. Faville, of Iowa, to be United States attorney 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be commissioner of for the northern district of -Iowa, who was appointed during education of Porto Rico, vice Roland P. Falkner, resigned. the last recess of the Senate in the place of Horace G. Mc­ Millan, term expired. GOVERNOR OF HAW All. Marcellus L. Temple, of Iowa, to be United States attorney Walter F. Frear, of Honolulu, Hawaii, who was appointed for the southern district of Iowa, who was appointed during June 28, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be governor of the last recess of the Senate in the place of Lewis Miles, term Hawaii, vice George R. Carter, resigned: expired. SECRETARY OF HAWAll. Henry W. Blodgett, of Missouri, to be United States attorney Ernest A. Mottsmith, of Honolulu, Hawaii, who was ap­ for the eastern district of Missouri, who was appointed during pointed August 10, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be the last recess of the Senate, vice David P. Dyer, appointed secretary of Hawaii, vice .Alatau L. C. Atkinson, resigned. United States district judge, eastern district of Missouri. David J. Leahy, of New Mexico, to be United States attorney CHIEF JUSTICE, TERRITORY OF HAW .A.II, for the Territory of New Mexico, who was· appointed during the Alfred S. Hartwell, of Hawaii, to be chief justice of the su­ last recess of the Senate, vice W. H. H. Llewellyn, resigned. preme court of the Territory of Hawaii, who was appointed dur­ Sherman T. McPherson, of Ohio, to be United States attorney ing the last recess of the Senate, vice W. F. Frear, appointed for the southern district of Ohio, who was reappointed during go-vernor of Hawaii. the last recess of the Senate, his term having expired November ASSOCIATE JUSTICE, TERRITORY OF HAWAIL 16, 1907. William J. Gregg, of Oklahoma, to be United States attorney Sidney Meller Ballou, of Hawaii, to be associate justice of the for the eastern district of Oklahoma, who was appointed during supreme court of the Territory of Hawaii, who was appointed the last recess of the Senate, as provided for by the act ap­ during the last recess of the Senate, vice Alfred S. Hart?tell, proved June 16, 1906, entitlell "An act to enable the people of nomillated to be chief justice of the supreme court of Hawaii. Oklahoma and of the Indian Territory to form a constitution COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS. and State government and be admitted into the Union on an Edward B. Moore, of Grand Rapids, Mich., who was ap~ equal footing with the original States," etc. pointed May 10, 1007, during the recess of the Senate, to be John Embry, of Oklahoma, to' be United States attorne;y for Commissioner of Patents, vice Frederick I. .Allen, resigned. the western district of Oklahoma. Mr. Embry was appointed ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS. during the last recess of the Senate, as provided for by the act approved June 16, 1906, entitled "An act to enable the people of Cornelius C. Billings, of Brattleboro, Vt., who was appointed May 16, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be Assistant Oklaho~pa and of the Indian Territory· to form a constitution and State go-vernment and be adm.itted into the Union on an Commissioner of Patents, vice Edward B. Moore, promoted to equal footing with the original States," etc. Commissioner. William C. Bristol, of Oregon, to be United States attorney EXAMINERS IN CHIEF IN THE PATENT OFFICE, for the district of Oregon, who was appointed during the last Levin H. Campbell, of Washington, D. C., who was appointed recess of the Senate in the place of Francis J. Heney, resigned. May 16, 1907, during the recess of the Senate, to be an e~aminer Mr. Bristol has been nominated for this position heretofore, but in chief in the Patent Offite, vice John H. Brickenstetn, re­ failed of confirmation. _.; 1 signed. Charles B. Witmer, of Pennsylvania, to be United States at­ John B. Macauley, of Maryland, who was appointed May 16, torney for the middle district of Pennsylvania, who was ap­ 1907, during the rercess of the Senate, to be an examiner in pointed during the last recess of the Senate, vice S. J. M. Mc- chief in the Patent Office, vice Cornelius C. Billings, promoted. Carrell, resigned. ~ Elmer Ely Todd, of Washington, to be United States attorney SECOND ASSISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL. for the western district of Washington, who was appointed James T. McCleary, of Minnesota, to be Second Assistant during the last recess of the Senate, vice Potter Charles Sulli­ Postmaster-General, in place of William S. Shallenberger, re­ van, resigned. signed. Mr. McCleary is now serving tmder a temporary com­ Timothy F. Burke, of Wyoming, to be United States attorney mission issued during the recess of the Senate. for the district of Wyoming, who was appointed during the last THIRD ASSISTANT POSTMASTER-GENERAL. recess of the Senate, in the place of Benjamin M. Ausherman, Abraham L. Lawshe, of Indiana, to be Third Assistant Post­ who declined appointment to the said position. master-General in place of Edwin C. Madden, resigned. Mr. UNITED STATES MARSHALS. Lawshe is now serving under a temporary commission issued William R. Flinn, of Delaware, to be United States marshal during the recess of the Senate. for the district of Delaware, who was reappointed during the AFPOINTMENTS, BY TRANSFER, IN THE ARMY. last recess of the Senate, his term having expired March 17, 1907. Cavalry At·m. Edward Knott, of Iowa, to be-United States marshal for the Second Lieut. Donald A. Robinson, Twenty-ninth Infantry, northern district of Iowa, who was reappointed during the last from the Infantry Arm to the Cavalry Arm, July 12, 1907, with recess of the Senate. rank from June 12, 1906. 92 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEl\ffiER 3, - Pielcl Artt1lery .A1'm. Col. Charles s. Smith; Ordnance Department, from October 9, First. Lieut. Ernest S. Wheeler, Coast Artillery Corps, from 1907, vice Godfrey~ retired from active service. the Coast Artillery Corps to the Field Artillery .AI·m., July 11, QUARTERMASTER'S DEPABTMENT. 1907, with rank from October 1, 1906. 1\Inj. James B. Aleshire, quartermaster, to be quartermaster· First Lieut. Robert ll. Lewis, Coast Artillery Corps, from the general with the rank of brigadier-general, for four years from Coast Artillery Corps to the Field Artillery Arm, August 13, July 1, 1907, with rank from that date, vice Humphrey, retired 1907, with rank from July 26, 1907. from active service. Second Lieut. Walter W. Merrill, First Infantry, from the FIELD ABTILLERY. Infantry Arm to the Field Artillery Arm, July 27, 1907, with rank from June 15, 1907. To' be first lieutenants to firl o1ipinal 'l.iacancies cattsccl by an act Second Lieut. John W. Downer, Fourth Infantry, from the ot Oonpress app1"0ved January 25, 1901. I:nfn.ntry Arm to the Field .Artillery Arm, August 19, 1907, with Second Lieut. Ralph MeT. Pennell, Thirteenth Cavalry, from rank from June 16, 1907. July 6, 1907. Second Lieut. Benjamin M. Bailey, Fourth Infantry, from Second Lieut. Walter S. Sturgill, Infantry, unassigned, from the Infantry Arm to the Field Artilley Arm, September 16, 1907, July 7, 1907. with rank from June 17, 1907. Second Lieut. Sherman Miles, Eleventh Cavalry, from July 8, Second Lieut. William F. Sharp, Fourteenth Infantry, from 1907. the Infantry Arm to the Field Artillery Arm, September 16, Second Lieut. Cortlandt Parker, Fifth Cavalry, from July S, 1907, with rank from June 17, 1907. 1907. Second L.ieut. Frank Thorp, jr., Twenty-seventh. Infantry, Second Lieut. Richard C. Burleson, infantry (detailed first from the Infantry Arm to the Field Artillery Arm,· September lieutenant in the Ordnance Department), from July 9, 1907. 16, 1907, with rank from June 17, 1907. Second Lieut. Albert Gilmor, Seventh Infantry, from July 10, Ooast ArtiUery Oo1·ps. 1907. Second Lieut. Roy .F. Waring, Eleventh Cavalry, from July First Lieut. George A. Wieczorek (detailed first lieutenant in 10, 1907. the Signal Corps), from the Infantry Arm to the Coast Artil­ Second Lieut. John R. Starkey, Twenty-eighth Infantry, from lery Corps, November 23, 1907, with rank from May 4, 1905. July ll, 1907. First Lieut. Hartnum L. Butler, Fourth Field Artillery, from Second Lieut. Harry D. R. Zimmerman, Se'Venth Cavalry, the Field Artillery Arm to the Coast Artillery Corps, July 11, from July 11, 1007. , 1907, with rank from October 1, 1906. Second Lieut. Rene E. De R. Hoyle, Fifth Infantry, from July First Lieut. Wyatt 0. Selkirk, Sixth Field Artillery, from 11, 1007. the Field Artillery Arm to the Coast Artillery Corps, August 8, Second Lieut. Dawson Olm.stead, Fifteenth Cavalry, from 1907, with rank from June 17, 1907. July 12, 1007. Infantry Arm. Second Lieut. John C. Maul, Twentieth Infantry, from July First Lieut. Guy E. Manning~ Coast Artillery Corps, from ­ 12, 1!)07. the Coast Artillery Corps to the Infantry Arm, November 23, Second Lieut. Albert L. Hall, Twenty-eighth Infantry, from 1907, with rank from May 4, 1905. July 13, 1907. APPOINTMENTS IN THE ABMY. Seconcl Lieut. George H. Paine, Seventh Infantry, from July 13, 1907. FIELD ABTILLERY ARM. COAST ARTILLERY CORPS. Sergt. Leroy Pierce Collins, Troop K, Fifteenth Cavalry, to To be fit-st lieutenants to fill original vacancies cansea by an be second lieutenant of Field Artillery, from June 8, 1907, to act of Congress approved January 25, 1907. fill an existing vacancy. Second Lieut. Pierre V. Kieffer, Second Cavalry, from July 2, COAST ABTILLERY CORPS. 1907. Birchie Oliver Mahaffey, of Texas, late cadet United States Second Lieut. Riley E. Scott, Twelfth Infantry, from July Military Academy, to be second lieutenant in the Coast Artil­ 3, 1907. lery Corps, from .Tune 11, 1907, to fill a yacancy existing in the Second Lieut. Joseph J. Grace, Third Infantry, from July Artillery Corps on July 1, 1906. 3, 1907. Sergt. John George Donovan, Eighty-seventh Corppany, Coast Second Lieut. George E. Turner, Thirtieth Infantry, from Artillery Corps, to be second lieutenant in the Coast .Artillery July 3, 1907. Corps, from June 8, 1907, to fill an existing vacancy. Second Lieut. Harry A. Schwabe, Thirteenth Infantry, from Muster Electrician Guy L. Gearhart, Coast .Artillery Corps, July 4, 1.907. to be second lieutenant in the Coast Artillery Corps, from June Second Lieut. Oscar A. Russell, Twentieth Infantry, from 8, 1907, to fill an existing vacancy. July 5, ~907. Second Lieut. Joseph R. Davis, Eighth Cavalry, from July 6, PAY DEPABTMENT. 1007. Charles H. Whipple, assistant paymaster-general~ to b~ pay­ Second Lieut. Felix W. Motlow, Twentieth Infantry, from master-general with the rank of brigadier-general, for four years July 6, 1907. from January 1, 1!>08, with rank from that date, vice Sniffen, to Second Lieut. Walter J. Blittgenbach, Fourth Infantry, from be retired from active service. July 7, 1907. . GENERAL OFFICERS. Second Lieut. Charles 0. Schudt, Twenty-fifth Infa.ntry, from July 7, 1907. To be rnajor-generals. Second Lieut. Cheste~ H. Loop, Thirteenth Infantry, from Brig. Gen. William S. McCaskey (since retired from active July 7, 1907. service), from April 15, 1907, vice Wade, retired from active Second Lieut. Philip Mathews, Fifth Infantry, from July 7. service. 1907. Brig. Gen. William P. Duvall, from October 2, 1907, vice Mc­ Second Lieut. Marcellus H. Thompson, Twenty-eighth Infan· Caskey, retired from active service. h·y, from July 7, 1907. To be brigadiet·-generals. Second Lieut. William R. McCleary, Eighteenth Infantry, from July 8, 1907. Col. Albert L. :Uyer, Eleventh Infantry, from March 23, 1907, Second Lieut. William W. Rose, Sixteenth Infantry, from vice Wint, deceased. July 8, 1907. - Col. Charles B. Hall, Eighteenth Infantry, from Aprilll, 1907, Second Lieut. John G. Hotz, First Infantry, from July 9, vice Duggan, retired from active service. 1!307. . Col. Earl D. Thomas, Eleventh CaYalry, from April18, 1907, Second Lieut. Robert N. Campbell, Twenty-ninth Infantry, vice McCaskey, appointed major-general. from July 9, 1907. Col. Charles Morton, Seventh Cavalry, from Aprll 19, 1907, Second Lieut. Howard K. Loughry, Ninth Infantry, from vice Markley, retired from active service. . July 9, 1907. . Col. Charles L. Hodges, Twenty-fourth Infantry, from April Second Lieut. Clarence A. l\Iitchell, Fifteenth Infantry, from 30, 1907, vice Bubb, retired from actiYe service. July 10, 1907. . · . CoL John 1\f. K. Davis, Coast Artillery Corps, from May 25, Second Lieut. William P. Currier, Fifteenth Infantry, from 1907, vice Williams, retired from active .service. July 11, 1907. ' Lieut. Col. William W. Wotherspoon, Nineteenth Infantry, Second Lieut. Horace F. Spurgin, Twenty-ninth Infantry, from October 3, 1907, vice Duvall, appointed major-general. from July ~' 1907~ 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 93

Second Lieut. Ralph D. Bates, Twenty-ninth Infantry, from Thomas Aquila Clark, of Illinois, from June 10, 1907. July 12, 1907. William Stuart Dowd, of New York, late second lieutenant · Second Lieut. Edward A. Brown, Filth Infantry, from July of the Fourth United States Cavalry, from June 12, 1907. 13, Hl07. TO BE SECOND LIEUTENANTS FROM JUNE 14, 1907. Second Lieut. Thomas L. Coles, Coast Artillery Corps, from July 27, 1907. . Corps of engineers. Second Lieut. John R Rose, Coast A.rtil1ery Corps, from July 1. Cadet James Gordon Steese. 27, 1907. 2. Cadet Roger Gordon Alexander. Second Lieut. •.rruman D. Thorpe, Coast Artillery Corps, 3. Cadet John Augur Holabird. from July 27, 1907~ 4. Cadet James Alexander O'Connor. Second Lieut. Nathaniel P. Rogers, jr.~ Coast Artillery Corps, 5. Cadet Lewis Hayes Watkins. from July 27, 1907. 6. Cadet Gilbert Edwin Humphrey. Second Lieut. Charles T. Harris, jr., Coast Artillery Corps, 7. Cadet Richard Park. from July 27, 1907. 9. Cadet Daniel Isom Sultan. Second Lieut. Maxwell Murray, Coa.st Artillery Corps, from . Field Artillery. July 27, 1907. 18. Cadet Edwin Eastman Pritchett. Second Lieut. Geoffrey Bartlett, Coast Artillery Corps, from 25. Cadet Roy Boggess Staver. July 27, 1907. 26. Cadet Fred Taylor Cruse. Second Lieut. William E. Shedd, jr., Coast Artillery Corps, 27. Cadet James Preston Marley. ·trom July 27, 1907. 33. Cadet Waldo Charles Potter. Second Lieut. James A. Gallogly, Coast Artillery Corps, from 34. Cadet Harry Pfeil. July 27, 1907. · Second Lieut. Hunter B. Porter, Coast Artillery Corps, from Ooa.st A'rtillet·y Corps.. July 27, 1907. 8. Cadet Richard Herbert Somers. Second Lieut. Royal K. Greene, Coast Artillery Corps, from 10. Cadet Thomas Lee Coles. July 27, 1907. 11. Cadet John Boursiquot Rose. Second Lieut. Robert P. Glassburn, Coast Artillery Corps, 12. Cadet Truman Darby Thorpe. from July 27, 1907. 13. Cadet Nathaniel Pendleton Rogers, jr. Second Lieut. Harry K. Rutherford, Coast Artillery Corps, 14. Cadet Charles Tillman Harris, jr• . from July 27, 1907. 15. Cadet Maxwell 1\furray. Second Lieut. Paul J. Horton, Coast Artillery Corps, from 16: Cadet Geoffrey Bartlett. July 27, 1907. 17. Cadet William Edgar Shedd, jr. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 19. Cadet James Arthur Gallogly. 20. Cadet Hunter Ball Porter. To be assistant sur·geons, with the rank of first lieutenant, from 21. Cadet Royal Kemp Greene. June 15, 1907. 22. Cadet Robert Price Glassburn. Frederick Stevens Macy, of Massachusetts, vice Barron, de­ 23. Cadet Harry Keneth Rutherford, ceased. 24. Cadet Paul J on€s Horton. Guy Vi-ctor Rukke, of North Dakota, vice Deshon, promoted. 28. Cadet Robert Arthur. Heru·y Church Pillsbury, of Massachusetts, vice Geer, retired 29. Cadet John Patrick Keeler. from active service. 30. Cadet Lucian Dent Booth. Edgar King, of Arkansas, vice McCulloch, promoted. Oaval·ry Arm. Arthur Carlisle Chl'istie, of New York, vice Mathews, retired from active service. 31. Cadet Henry Lee Watson. Howard Hiram Johnl?On, of Ohio, vice Turnbull, honorably 35. Cadet Thurman Harrison Bane. discharged. 55. Cadet Augustine Warner Robins. Ra.y Woodman Bryan, of Kentucky, vice Reynolds. promoted. 57. Cadet William Ducachet Geary" Bernard .Singleton Gostin, of Georgia, vice Woodson, pro­ 60. Cadet Hayden Waite Wagner. moted. 61. Cadet Fred Hughes Coleman. William Hadley Richardson, of Ohio, vice Stiles, retired from 62. Cadet Emil Pehr Pierson. active service. 63. Cadet Clark Porter Chandler. William Kay Bartlett, of Minnesota, vice Hallock, promoted. 68. Cadet Arthur Willliim Hanson. 70. Cadet Richard Huntington Kimball. CHAPLAINS, 71.. Cadet Abbott Boone. Rev. Oscar Jefferson Waldo Scott, of the District of Co· 74. Cadet William Lewis Moose, jr. lumbia, to be c-haplain, with the rank of first lieutenant, from 75. Cadet Charles Dunbar Rogers. April 17, 1907, vice Allensworth, Twenty-fourth Infantry, re­ 78. Cadet Frederick Story Snyder. tired from active service. 80. Cadet William Carroll Christy. Rev. Charles Milford Brewer, of Alabama, to be chaplain, 81. Cadet Sloan Doak. with the rank of first lieutenant, from September 12, 1907, vice 88. Cadet Robert Lee Lounsbury. Miller, retired from active service. 90. Cadet Ellwood Stokes Hand. Rev. John Franklin Chenoweth, of Ohio, to be chaplain, with 91. Cadet Leland Wadsworth, jr. the rank of first lieutenant, from September 12, 1907, to fill an 94. Cadet James L'lwton Collins~ original vaeaney created by an act of Congress approved June 96. Cadet Lewis Vance Greer. l2, 1.906. . 101. Cadet William Caldwell McChord, }r. Rev. _Neil Paul Brennan, of Massachusetts, to be chaplain, 102. Cadet William Ru.dicil Henry. with the rank of first lieutenant, from September 12, 1907, to 107. Cadet George Francis Patten. fill an original vacancy created by an act of Congress approved 109. Cadet Robert Mercer Cheney. January, 25, 1907. Infantry Arm. Rev. Horace Albert Chouinard, of Illinois, to be chaplain, 36. Cadet Clyde Leslie Eastman. with the rank of first lieutenant, from September 12, 1~, to 37. Cadet Jesse Cyrus Drain. fill an original vacancy created by an act of Congress approired 38. Cadet Wiley Evans Dawson. January 25, 1907. 39. Cadet Alexander Wheeler ChiltGa. FIELD ARTILLERY. 41. Cadet William Eric Morrison. To be second lieutenants, to fill existing vacaneies. 42. Cad-et Donald James McLachlan. Ballard Lyerly, of Tennessee, from June 9, 1907~ 43. Cadet Charles Heru-y Rice. Wyatt Owen Selkirk, of Texas, from June 10, 1907. 44. Cadet Warren Lott, jr. Phillip 'Voodfin Booker, of Virginia, from June 11, 1907. 45. Cadet ·Irving John Palmer. Henry Levenworth Harris, jr., of New Jersey,. late first lieu- 46. Cadet Melvin Guy Faris. tenant of the Twenty-second United States Infantry, from June 47. Cadet Alexander William Maish. 13, 1907. 48. Cadet William Jackson McCaughey. 49. Cadet Eugene Ross Householder. COAST ARTILLERY CORPS. 50. Cadet James Gilbe-rt Taylor. To be second lieutenants, to fill existing vacancies. 51. Cadet Eugene Santschi, jr. George Albert Wildrick, of New Jersey, from June 10, 1907. 52. Cadet William Addle.Jjpan Ganoe. Allen Kimberly, of Virginia, from June 10, 1907. 53. Cadet Elmer Franklin Rice. 94 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.SENATE. DECE~IBER 3,

54. Cadet Edwin Colyer McNeil. Capt. George F. Landers; Artillery Corps, to fill an original 56. Cadet Benjamin Frederic Castle. vacancy. · 5 . Cadet Charles Lloyd Wyman. Capt. George W. Gat~hell, Artillery Corps, to fill an original 50. Cadet Edward Hall Teall. vacancy. . 64. Cadet John Walton Laug. Capt. Oscar I. Straub, Artillery Corps, to fill an original va- 65. Cadet George 'l'homas Everett. cancy. · 66. Cadet Hem·y Harley ~<\..rnold. Capt. Herman C. Schumm, Artillery Corps, to fill an original 67. Cadet Walter Raymond Wheeler. vacancy. 69. Cadet George !frederick Ney Dailey. Capt. Alfred 1\I. Hunter, Artillery Corps, to fill an original 72. Ca<.let Barton Kyle Yount. vacancy. 73. Cadet Deuham Bohart Crafton. Capt. John L. Hayden, Artillery Corps, to fill an oi•iginal va- 77. Cadet Lewis Cassidy Rockwell. cancy. · 79. Ca<.let William Eliot Selbie. Capt. Peyton C. March, Artillery Corps, to fill an original 83. Cadet John Logan Jenkins. vacancy. . 84. Cadet Charles Henry White. Capt. Eugene T. Wilson, Artillery Corps, to fill an original 85. Cadet Alvin Gustav Gutensohn. vacancy. 86. Cadet Stanley Li"ringston James. Capt. Edmund .1\f. Blake, Artillery Corps, to fill an original 89. Cadet John Stephen Su1li1an. vacancy. . 92. Cadet Da >id Gro1er Cleveland Garrison. Capt. Wilmot E. Ellis, Artillery Corps, to fill an original va­ 03. Cadet Seth William Scofield. cancy. 95. Cadet Herbert Hayden. 97. Cadet Bruce Bradford Buttler. To be captains, with rank from Janua1·y 25, 1901. 98. Cadet Evan Elias Lewis. · First Lieut. George 0. Hubbard, Artillery Corps, vice Cree, 9!). Cadet Paul Alexander Larned. promoted. 100. Cadet Harry Stevens Gillespie. First Lieut. James M. Wheeler, Artillery Corps, vice Berry, 103. Cadet James Howard Laubach. promoted . . 104. Cadet George Richard Harrison. First Lieut. Harrison S. Kerrick, Al·tillery Corps, vice McMa­ 105. Cadet Ralph Wayne Dusenbury. hon, promoted. 106. Cadet Thomas Charles Spencer. First Lieut. Frank J. Miller, Artillery Corps, vice l\Ienoher, 111. Cadet Fauntley Muse Miller. promoted. To be second lieu.tenants from June 15, 190"1. First Lieut. Philip S. Golderman, Artillery Corps, vice Mott, promoted. 76. Cadet Ray Corson RBI. First Lieut. Charles L. Lanham, Artillery Corps, vice Stevens, 82. Cadet Patrick Joseph Morrissey. promoted. PROMOTIONS IN THE ARMY. First Lieut. George F. Connolly, Artillery Corps, vice Davis. CHAPLAIN. promoted. _ Capt. William T. Anderson, chaplain Tenth Cavalry, to be First Lieut. Louis T. Boiseau, Artillery Corps, vice Hinds, chaplain, with the rank of major, from August 29, 1907. promoted. · First Lieut. Samuel S. O'Connor, Artillery Corps, vice Robin­ ARTILLERY CORPS. son, promot~d. Lieut. Col. Montgomery 1\f. Macomb, Artillery Corps, to be First Lieut. William McK. I.ambdin, Artillery Corps, vice colonel from April 5, 1907, vice Anderson, retired from active Landers, promoted. service. First Lieut. Philip Yost, Artillery Corps, vice Gatchell, pro­ Maj. Edward E. Gayle, Artillery Corps, to be lieutenn.nt­ moted. colonel from April 5, 1907, vice Macomb, promoted. First Lieut. Edward N. Macon, Artillery Corps, vice Straub, l\Iaj. Samuel E. Allen, Artillery Corps, to be lieutenant-colonel promoted. from Aprilll, 1907, vice White, detailed as adjutant-general. E'irst Lieut. Edward A. Stuart, Artillery Corps, vice Schumm, Capt. William L. Kenly, ·Artillery Corps, to be major from promoted. April 5, 1!)07, vic~ Gayle, promoted. First Lieut. John S. Johnston, Artillery Corps, vice Hunter, Capt. William G. Haan, Artillery Corps, to be major from promoted. . April 9, 1907, vice Hinds, detailed as -adjutant-general. First Lieut. Edward T. Donnelly, Artillery Corps, vice Hay- Capt. Sidney S. Jordan, Artillery Corps, to be major, from den, promoted. · April 11, 1907, vice Allen, promoted. . First Lieut. Joseph S. Hardin, Al·tillery Corps, vice March, Capt. Morris K. Barron, Artillery Corps, to be major, from promoted. April 13, 1907, vice Jord;m, detailed as adjutant-general. First Lieut. Louis E. Benn~tt, Artillery Corps, vice Wilson, First I~ieut. Granville Sevier, :\.rtillery Corps, to be captain, promoted. from April 5, 1907, vice Kenly, promoted. First Lieut. George L. Ricks, jr., Artillery Corps, vice Blake, · First Lieut. Claudius M. Seaman, Artillery Corps, to be cap­ promoted. tain, from April 9, 1907, vice Raan, promoted. First Lieut. Lynn S. Edwards, Artillery Corps, vice Ellis, pro­ First Lieut. Hugh J. B. 1\fcElgin, Artillery Corps, to be cap­ moted. tain, from April 11, 1907, vice Jordan, promoted. · First Lieut. George M. Brooke, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi­ First Lieut. Arthur L. Fuller, Artillery Corps (detailed first nal vacancy. lieutenant in the Signal Corps), to be captain, from April 13, First Lieut. Hugh K. Taylor, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi­ 1907, vice Barron, promoted. nal vacancy. Second Lieut. Richard Fnrnival, Artillery Corps, to be first First Lieut. Harry C. Williams, Al·tillery Corps, to fill an lieutenant, from April 5, 1907, vice Sevier, promoted. . original vacancy. To be majo1·s, with rank from Jamtat·y 25, .190"1. First Lieut. Alden Trotter, Artillery Corps, to fill an original Capt. John K. Cree. A.rtillery Corps, vice Hoyle, promoted. vacancy. Capt. Lucien G. Berry, Artillery Corps, vice ,Adams, pro- First Lieut. Frank S. Long, Artillery Corps, to fill an original mo~~ . · vacancy. Capt. John E. Mc~fahon, Artillery Corps, vice Marsh, pr~- First Lieut. John P. Spurr, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi.Jlal moted. . vacancy. . Capt. Charles T.; 1\fenoher, Artillery Corps, vice Woodward, First Lieut. Albert U. Faulkner, Artillery Corps, to fill an promoted. original vacancy. · Capt. T. Bentley 1\fott, Artillery Corps, to fill an original First Lieut. Francis W. Ralston, Al·tillery Corps, to fill an vacancy. . original vacancy. Capt. Gustave W. S. Stevens, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi­ First Lieut. Cleveland C. Lansing, .Artillery Corps; to fi11 an _ nal vacancy. original vacancy. _ Capt. Richmond P. Davis, .Artillery Corps, to fill an original First Lieut. Adna G. Clarke, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi­ vacancy. nal vacancy. Capt. Ernest Hinds, Al·tillery Corps, to fill an original First Lieut. Samuel G. Shartle, .Artillery Corps, to fill an vacancy. , original vacancy. Capt. Wirt Robinsoh, Artillery Corps, to fill an original va- First Lieut. Michael H. Barry, Artillery Corps, to fill an cl'ig- cancy. inal vacancy. · 1907. . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 95

First Lieut. George ·1\I. Apple, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- First Lieut. Samuel D. 1\Ic.Alister, Artillery Corps, tO fill an nul vacancy. original vacancy. First Lieut. Clarence G. Bunker, Arti"hery Corps, to fill an First Lieut. William A. Covington, Artillery Corps (detailed original vacancy. in the Signal Corps), to fill an original vacancy. First Lieut. William H. Tobin, Artillery C<>rps, to :fill an origi- First Lieut. Francis W. Griffin, Artillery Corps, to fiB an nal vacancy. original vacancy. First Lieut. Harry J. Watson, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- First Lieut. Elisha G. ,AbbDtt, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- nal vacancy. . nal vacancy. First Lieut. William H. Raymond, Artillery Corps, to fill an First Lieut Samuel AI. English, Artillery Corps, to fill an original vacancy. original vacancy. E'irst Lieut. Jacob E. Wyke, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- First Lieut. Alfred Husbrouck, Artillery Corps, to fill an nul vacancy. · original vacancy. First Lieut. Cha.rles 0. Zollars, Artillery Corps, to fill an First Lieut. John M. Dunn, Artillery Corps, to fill an original original vacancy. vacancy. First Lieut. John Storck, .Artillery Corps, to fill an original First Lieut. Can-oll Power, Artillery Corps, to fill an original yacancy. vacancy. First Lieut. Edga.r H. Yule, Artillery Corps, to fill an original First Lie·ut. James L. Long, Artillery Corps, to fill an original yacancy. vacancy. First Lieut. Willis C. Metcalf, Artillery Corps, to fill an orig- First Lieut. RDbert S. Welsh, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- inal vacancy. nal vacancy. First Lieut. Robert B. McBride, Artillery Corps, to fill an First Lieut. R.a.lph M. Mitchell, Artillery Corps, tD fill an origi- original vacancy. nal vacancy. First Lieut. Willis R. Vance, Artillery Corps, to fill an orig- First Lieut. Frederick L. Dengler, Artillery Corps, to fill an inal vacancy. original vacancy. First Lieut. Jacob M. Coward, .Al'tille.ry Corps, to fiU an orig- First Lieut. Richard H. WHiiams, Artillery Corps, to fill an inn.l vacancy. original vacancy. · First Lieut. John L. Roberts, jr., Artillery Corps, to fill an First Lieut. Walter V. Cotchett, Artillery Corps, tD fill an o1·iginal vacancy. original Yacancy. First Lieut. Charles R. Lawson, Artillery Corps, to fill an First Lieut. Alfred 1\I. Mason, Artillel'y Corps, to fill an origi- original vacancy. nal y-acancy. First Lieut. William I. Westervelt, Artillery CDrps (detailed. First Lieut. Roy I. Taylor, .Artillery Corps, to fill an original captain in the Ordnance Department), to fill an original va- vacancy. caney. F1rst Lieut. ·Lewis S. Ryan, Artillery CDrps, to fill an original First Lieut. Edwin G. Davis, Arh1lery Corps, to fill an orig- vacancy. inal vacancy. First Lieut. Kenneth C. 1\iasteller, Artillery Corps, to fill an First Lieut. Frederick L. Buck, Artillery CDrps, to fill an original vacancy. original vacancy. First Lieut. Tilman Campbell, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- First Lieut. Jay P. Hopkins, Artillery Corps, to fill an original nal Yacancy. vacancy. First Lieut. Joseph Matson, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- First Lieut. Leroy T. Hillman, Artillery CoTps (detailed nul y-acancy. captain in the Ordnance Department), to fill an original va- ~~rst Lieut. Jesse G. Langdon, Artillery Corps, to fill an caney. . ong_mal ':acancy. . . . First Lieut. Upton Birnie, jr., .Artillery Corps, to fill an P't.rst Lieut. Francrs H. Lmcoln, Artillery Corps, to fill an original vacancy. , ong.mal :acancy. . . . First Lieut. Archibald H. Stmderland, Artillery Corps~ to fill Fi1·st Lieut. Daniel F. Craig, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- an originial vacancy. nal .nlCan~y. . . . First Lieut. Clarence Deems, jr., Artillery Corps, to fill an ~~rst Lieut. William H. Wilson, Artillery Corps, to fill an original vacancy. or1g~mal ':acanc;r. First Lieut. Raymond H. Fenner, Artillery Corps, to fill an ~.rst Lieut. Edward D. Powers, Artillery Corps, to fill an original vacancy. ong_mal :acancy. . . · First Lieut. Charles L. J. Frohwitte.r, Artillery Corps, to fill ~~rst Lieut. Charles E. N. Howard, Al'tille.ry Corps, to fill an an original vacancy. or1~~nal v.acancy. . . . First Lieut. Edward P. Nones, Artillery Corps, to fill an Jqrst L1eut. Edwm C. Long, Artillery Corps, to fill an original original vacancy. Yac~cy. . . First Lieut. Arthur P. s. Hyde, Artillery Corps, to fill an :r"~rst Lieut. Augustus B. Warfield, .Artillery Corps, to fill an original vacancy. on~l ":lcancy. . First Lieut. Clifford C. Carson, ArtilleTy Corps, to fill an ~~rst Lieut. Howard L. Landers. Artillery Corps, to fill an original vacancy. ongmal vacancy; First Lieut. Harry E. Mitchell, Artillery Corps, to fill an To be first lieutenants, uith ranlc t1·ont January 25 1907. original vacancy. . Second Lieut. Bruce Cotten A.rtillery Co.rps vice Hand, pro- First Lieut. Fred C. Doyle, Artillery Corps, to fill an original moted. . ' ' £ vac~ncy. ~ . . SeeDnd Lieut. Adolph Langhorst, Artillery Corps, vice Woods, ~~rst Lieut. James P. Robmson, Artillery Corps, to fill an promoted. or~g.mal v~cancy. . . Second Lieut. John B. W. Corey, Artillery Corps, vice Thomp- ~l.rst L1eut. George T. Perkms, Artillery Corps, to fill an son, pl'omoted. ongmal vacancy. Second Lieut. George A. Taylor, Artillery Corps vice Steele First Lieut. Augustine Mcintyre, Artillery Cm·ps, to fill an promoted. ' · , ' originaJ. vacancy. Second Lieut. Ralph EA Herring, Artillery Corps vice Gilmer First Lieut. John B. Murphy, Artillery Corps, to fill an promoted. ' ' orig_inal v~cancy. . Second Lieut. William E. De Sombre, Artillery Corps, vice F1rst Lieut. J'a1rus A. Moore, Artillery Corps, to fill an McBride, promoted. original vacancy. Second Lieut. Carl E. Wiggin, Artillery Corps, vice Cravens First Lieut. Frank B. Edwards, Artillery Corps, to fill an promoted. ' original vacancy. . Second Lieut. Glen F. Jenks, Artillery Corps (detailed first First Lieut. George R. Greene, Artillery Corps, to fill an lieutenant· in the Ordnance Department), vice Hubbard pro- original vacancy. moted. ' First Lieut. Henry C. Merriam, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Edmund T. Weisel, Artillery Corps, vice Jenks original vacancy. detailed in the Ordnance Department. ' ~~rst Lieut. Raymond W. Briggs, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Marlborough Churchill, Artillery Corps, vice or1gmal vacancy. Wheeler, promoted. First Lieut. Charles M. Bunker, Artillery Corps, to .fill an Second Lieut. Clarence B. ll.oss, Artillery Corps, vice Kerrick original yacancy. . promoted. ' First Lieut. Harry W . . McCauley, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Howard L. Martin, Artillery Corps, vice Harrl- original Yacancy. son, retired from active servi-ce. First Lieut. Robert W. Collins, Artillery Corps, to ·fill an Second Lieut. Richard H. Jordan, Artillery Corps, vice MlUer, original vacancy~ promoted. 96 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--· SE~ATE~ DECEMBER 3,

Second Lieut. John M. Page, Artillery Corps, vice Golderman, Second Lieut. Charles _E. T. Lull, Artillery Corps, vice promoted. Coward, promoted. Second Lieut. William F. Jones, Artillery Corps, vice Lanham, Second Lieut. Owen G. Qollins, A.Ttillery Corps, vice Roberts, promoted. promoted. · Second Lieut. Samuel C. Cardwell, Artillery Corps, vice Con- Second Lieut. Scott Baker, Artillery Corps, vice Lawson, pro­ nolly, promoted. · moted. Second Lieut. Charles J. Ferris, Artillery Corps, vice Boiseau, Second Lieut. Frederic H. Smith, Artillery Corps, vice Davis, promoted. promoted. ~-- Second Lieut. James B. Taylor, Artillery Corps, vice O'Connor, Second Lieut. Marion W. Howze, Artillery Corps, vice Buck, promoted. · promoted. - '· · Second Lieut. Charles G. Mortimer, Artillery Corps, vice . Second Lieut. George W. Cocheu, Artillery Corps, vice Hop- . Lambdin, promoted. kms, promoted. · Second Lieut. Brainerd Taylor, Artillery Corps, vice Yost, . Second Lie_ut. Charles H. Patterson, Artillery Corps, vice Bir- promoted. me, promoted. _ . Second Lieut. Guy B. G. Hanna, Artillery Corps, vice Macon, Second Lieut. Lewis Turtle, Artillery Corps, vice Sunderland, promoted. . promoted. · Second Lieut. Richard P. Winslow, Artillery Corps, vice . Second Lieut. Henry S. Kilbourne, jr., Artillery Corps, Stuart, promoted. · v1ce Deems, promoted. Second Lieut. Avery J. Cooper, Artillery Corps, vice Johnston, Second Lieut. Clifford Jones, Artillery Corps, vice Fenner, pro- promoted. moted. - Second Lieut. Nelson E. Margetts, Artillery Corps, vice Don- Sec?nd Lieut. Wi~ord J. Hawkins, Artillery Corps (detailed nelly, promoted. first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department), vice Frohwitter, Second Lieut. Frank Geere, Artillery Corps, vice Hardin, pro- promoted. - moted. - Second Lieut. George L. Wertenbaker, Artillery Corps, vice Second Lieut. Louis C. Brinton, jr., . Artillery Corps, vice Hawkins, detailed in the Ordnance Department. Bennett, promoted. Second Lieut. Thomas E. Selfridge, Artillery Corps, vice Second Lieut: Walter C. Baker, Artillery Corps, vice Hicks, Nones, promoted. promoted. Second Lieut. Robert Davis, Artillery Corps, vice Edwards, Second Lieut. Henning F. Colley, Artillery Corps (detailed first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department) vice Hyde, pro­ promoted.- moted. Second Lieut. George P. Hawes, jr., Artillery Corps, vice Brooke, promoted. Se_cond. Lieut. Paul D. Bunker, Al:tiiiery Corps; vice Colley, Second Lieut. Richard I. McKenney, Artillery Corps, vice deta1led m the Ordnance Department. ._ Taylor, promoted. Second Lieut. Quinn Gray, Artillery Corps, vice Carson, pro- Second Lieut. Charles A. Clark, Artillery Corps, vice Wil- moted. -- · liams, promoted. Second Lieut. Louis R. Dice, Artillery Corps, vice Mitchell,' Second Lieut. James M. Fulton, Artillery Corps, vice Trotter, promoted. · · - promoted. . Second Lieut. William M. Colvin, Artillery Co_rps, vice Doyle, Second Lieut. Charles E. Wheatley, Artillery Corps, vice promoted. . · --- · Long, promoted. . Second Lieut. Francis 1\f. Hinkle, Artillery Corps, vice Rob- Second Lieut. Joseph-E. Myers, Artillery Corps, vice Spurr, mson, promoted. · promoted. · Second Lieut. Henry W. Bunn, Artillerv Corps vice Brice Second Lieut. William Paterson, Artillery Corps, vice Faulk- retired from active service. - • ' ' ner, promoted. Second Lieut. Harry L. :Morse, Artillery Corps, vice Perkins, Second Lieut. Earl Biscoe, Artillery Corps, vice Ralston, pro- promoted. moted. Sec~nd Lieut.. Mark L. Ireland, .Artillery Corps (detailed Second ·Lieut. Lawrence C. Crawford, Artillery Corps, vice fir~t lieutenant ~n the Ordnance Department), vice Mcintyre, Lansing, promoted. retired from ach ve service. ---- Second Lieut. William S. Wood, Artillery Corps, vice Shartle, Second Lieut. Lesley J. McNair, .Axtillery Corps (detailed promoted. · first Lieutenant in the Ordnance Department), vice Mcintyre Second Lieut. Wade H. Carpenter, ·Artillery Corps, vice Barry, promoted. _ _ ' promoted. Second Lieut. Charles R. Alley, Artillery Corps vice Ireland Second Lieut. Frederic W. Hinrichs, jr., Artillery Corps (de­ detailed in the Ordnance Department. - ' ' tailed first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department), vice Apple, Second Lieut. Chauncey L: Fenton, .Artillery Corps vice _ promoted. - McNair, detailed in the Ordnance Department. ' Second Lieut. Samuel Frankenberger, Artillery Corps, vice Second Lieut. Lucian B. Moody', Artillery Corps (detailed Hinrichs, detailed in the Ordnance Department. . first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department) vice Britt, re- Second Lieut. Adam F. Casad, Artillery Corps, vice Bunker, tired from active service. - ' - promoted. - . Se_cond. Lieut. George R. Allin, Artillery Corps, vice Moody,' Second Lieut. Charles M. Allen, Artillery Corps (detailed detailed m the Ordnance Department. · first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department), vice Tobin, pro- Second Lieut. Pelham D. Glassford, Artillery Corps, vice Murphy, promoted. - · · moted. Second Lieut. John E. Munroe, Artillery Corps (detailed Second Lieut. William _Bryden, .Artillery Corps, vice Moore, first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department), yice Watson, promoted. · - promoted. Second Lieut. Donald C. McDona~d, .Artillery Corps, vice Second Lieut. Stephen Abbot, Artillery Corps, vice Allen, de- Edwards, promoted. tailed in the Ordnance Department. Second -Lieut. Fulton Q. C. Gardner, Artillery Corps, vice Second Lieut. William F. Morrison, Artillery Corps, vice Greene, promoted. Munroe, detailed in the Ordnance Department. Second Lieut. Francis W. Honeycutt, Artillery Corps, vice Second Lieut. Myron S. Crissy, Artillery Corps, vice Ray- Merriam, promoted. · · mond, promoted. Second ;Lieut. John W. McKie, Artillery Corps, vice Briggs, Second Lieut. Ned B. Rehkopf, Artillery Corps, vice Wyke, promoted. - · promoted. - - Second Lieut. Philip Worcester, Artillery Corps, vice Bunker._ Second Lieut. Walter K. Wilson, Artillery Corps, ·vice Zollars, promoted. - : · promoted. Second Lieut. Charles S. Blakely, Artillery Corps, vice Mc- Second Lieut. John P. Terrell, Artillery Corps, vice Storck, Cauley, promoted. · promoted. _ Second Lieut. Charles T. Smart, Artillery Corps, vice Collins; Second Lieut. Malcolm P. Andruss, Artillery, vice Yule, promoted. - promoted. Second Lieut. Robert 1\f. ;Danford, Artillery Corps, vice Mc- Second Lieut. Offnere Hope, Artillery Corps, vice Metcalf, Alister, promoted. · · promoted. - Second Lieut. James B. Dillard, Artillery Corps (detailed Second Lieut. Franc Lecocq, Artillery Corps, vice McBride, first ,lieutenant in the Ordnance Department), vice Covington, promoted. promoted. Second Lieut. John O'Neil, Artillery Corps, vice Vance, pro- Second Lieut. Leo P. Quinn, Artillery Corps, vice Dillard, de- m.oted. ~iled in the Ordnance Department. - 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 97

Second Lieut. James K. Crain, Artillery Corps, vice Abbott, Second Lieut. Arthur H. Carter, Artillery Corps, to fill an promoted. original vacancy. Second Lieut. Edmund L. Gruber, Artillery Corps, vice Eng­ Second Lieut. Sidney H. Guthrie, Artillery Corps, to fill an lish, promoted. original vacancy. Second Lieut. Carr W. Waller, Artillery Corps, vice Has­ Second Lieut. Walter E. Prosser, Artillery Corps, to fill an brouck, promoted. original vacancy. Second Lieut. David McC. McKell, Artillery Corps, vice Second Lieut. Henry T. Burgin, Artillery Corps, to fill an Dunn, promoted. original vacancy. Second- Lieut. Matthew A. Cross, Artillery Corps (detailed Second Lieut. Nathan Horowitz, Artillery Corps, to fill an first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department), vice Power, pro­ original vacancy. moted. Second Lieut. Clifford L. Corbin, Artillery Corps, to fill aii Second Lieut. Albert H. Barkley, Artillery Corps, vice Cross, original vacancy. · detailed in the Ordnance Department. Second Lieut. George M. 1\forrow, jr., Artillery Corps~ to fill Second Lieut. Carroll W. Neal, Artillery Corps, vice Long, an original vacancy. promoted. . Second Lieut. James W. :&iley, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Walter Singles, Artillery Corps, vice Welsh, original vacancy. · promoted. Second Lieut. Lloyd P. Horsfall, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second. Lieut. Donald C. Cubbison, Artillery Corps, vice original vacancy. Mitchell, promoted. . · Second Lieut. Charles G. Mettler, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Rollo F. Anderson, Artillery Corps, vice Den­ original vac::mcy. gler, promoted. Second Lieut. Chafles B. Gatewood, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Edward E. Farnsworth, Artillery Corps, vice original vacancy. Williams, promoted. Second Lieut. Joseph H. Pelot, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Jacob A. Mack, Artillery Corps, vice Cotchett, original vacancy. ( promoted. Second Lieut. .Morgan L. Brett, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. William T. Carpenter, Artillery Corps, vice original vacancy. Mason, promoted. Second Lieut. Henry W. Torney, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. John L. Holcombe, Artillery Corps, vice Taylor, original vacancy. promoted. . Second Lieut. Forrest E. Williford, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Frank H. Phipps, Artillery Corps, vice Ryan. original vacancy. promoted. Second Lieut. James S. Bradshaw, Artillery Corps, to fill an · Second Lieut. Thomas Duncan, Artillery Corps, vice Mastel­ original vacancy. ler, promoted. Second Lieut. Earl McFarland, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Thomas M. Spaulding, Artillery Corps, vice original vacancy. Matson, promoted. Second Lieut. Joseph A. Green, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second. Lieut. Thomas B. Doe, Artillery Corps, vice Langdon, original vacancy. promoted. . . . . Second Lieut. Alexander G. Pendleton, Artillery Corps, to Second Lieut. Louis H. McKinlay, Artillery Corps, VICe Lm- fill an original vacancy. coln, promoted. . Second Lieut. John C. Henderson, Artillery Corps-, to fill an Second Lieut. Benjamin H. L. Williams, Artillery Corps, vice original vacancy. Craig, promoted. Second Lieut. Harold W. Huntley, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Thomas D. Osborne, Artillery Corps, vice Wil­ original vacancy. son, promoted. Second Lieut. Walter M. Wilhelm, ArtiJlery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Otho V. Kean, Artillery Corps, vice Powers, original vacancy. promoted. Second Lieut. Edward W. Wildrick, Artillery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. Haisey Dunwoody, Artillery Corps, vice Shel­ original vacancy. ton, retired from active service. Second Lieut. Walter E. Donahue, ArtilJery Corps, to fill an Second Lieut. David C. Seagrave, Artillery Corps (detailed original vacancy. first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department), vice Howard, Second Lieut. Alexander G. Gillespie, Artillery Corps, to fill promoted. an original vacancy. Second Lieut. William H. Dodds, jr., Artillery Corps, vice Second Lieut. Edwin De L. Smith, Artillery Corps, to fill an Seagrave, detailed in the Ordnance Department. original vacancy. Second Lieut. Le Roy Bartlett, Arti~lery Corps, vice Long, Second Lieut. John S. Pratt, Artillery Corps, to fill an orig­ promoted. inal Yacancy. Second Lieut. John Lund, Artillery Corps (detailed first lieu­ Second Lieut. Edward J. Cullen, Artillery Corps, to fill an tenant in the Ordnance Depart:rpent), vice Warfield, promoted. original vacancy. Second Lieut. Robert C. Eddy, Artillery Corps, vice Lund, detailed in the Ordnance Department. QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. Second Lieut. Julius C. Peterson, Artillery Corps, vice Lan­ Capt. Amos W. Kimball, quartermaster, to be quartermaster ders, promoted. with the rank of major, from July 3, 1907, vice Aleshire, ap­ Second Lieut. John S. Hammond, Artillery Corps, to fill an pointed Quartermaster-General. original vacancy. . . . . SUBSISTENCE DEPARTMENT. Second Lieut. Basil G. Moon, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- Lieut. Col. James N. Allison, deputy commissary-general, to nal vacancy. · be assistant commissary-general with the rank of colonel, from Second Lieut. James F. Walker, Artillery Corps, to fill an October 13, 1907, vice Osgood, retired from active service. original vacancy. :Maj. Frank F. Eastman, commissary, to be deputy commis­ Second Lieut. Charles Roemer, Artillery Corps, to fill an orig­ sary-general with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, from October inal vacancy. 13, 1907, vice Allison, promoted. Second Lieut. Ellery w. Niles, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi­ Capt. Henry G. Cole, commissary, to be commissary with the nal vacancy. rank of major, from October 13, 1907, vice Eastman, promoted. Second Lieut. Adelno Gibson, Artillery Corps, to fill an origi- nal vacancy. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. Second Lieut. Albert T. Bishop, Artillery Corps, to fill an Lieut. Col. Louis M. Mans, deputy surgeon-general, to be as­ original vacancy. . . sistant surgeon-general with the rank of colonel, from May 10, Second Lieut. Haldan U. Tompkms, Artillery Corps, to fill 1907, vice Moseley, retired from active service. an original vacancy. Maj. Aaron H. Appel, surgeon, to .be deputy surgeon-general Second Lieut. James S. Dusenbury, Artillery Corps to fill an with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, from May 10, 1907, vice original vacancy. 1\faus, promoted. Second Lieut. Lloyd B. Magruder, Artillery Corps, to fill an Capt. James M. Kennedy, assistant surgeon, to be surgeon original vacancy. . with the rank of major, from March 20, 1907, vice Wakeman, Second Lieut. Robert H. Lewis, Artillery Corps, to fill an deceased. original vacancy. Capt. Deane C. Howard, assistant surgeon, to be surgeon Second Lieut. Francis B. Upham, Artillery Corps, to fill an with .the rank of major, from April 24, 1907, vice Newgarden, original vacancy.- retired from active service.

XLII--7 98 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. DECEl\ffiER 3,

Capt. ·william H. Wilson. assistant sm·geon, to be surgeon qa_pt. William H. Tschappat, Ordnance Department, to be with the rank of major, from May 10, 190'7, ·vice Appel, pro- maJOr, from September 1!:>, 190'7, \ice Gibson, promoted. motetl. ·· · · Capt. John H • .Rice. Ordnance Department, to be major, from l'AY DEPAnTMENT. October 10, 1!:>07, vice Babbitt, promoted. Lieut. Ool. William .E'. Tucker, .deputy paymaster-general, to be assistant paymaster-general with the rank of colonel, from CAV .ALRY ARM. April 15, 1007, Yice Towar, retired fi""Om active service. Lieut. alry, to be colonel, Maj. Webster Vinson, paym::z.ster, to be deputy paymaster-gen­ fr?m ~prll 2.0, 1907, vice Morton, Sev.enth Cavalry, appointed eral with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, from September 4, brigadier-general. 1907, .vice Halford, retired from a.cti"ve service. Maj. Walter L. Finley, Ninth Cavalry, to be' lieutenant-colo­ Capt. Charles E. Stanton, paymaster, to be paym.a.ster with nel, from April 18, 1907, vice Parker, Thirteenth Cavalry, pro­ the rank of major, from Apri115, 1007, nee Itogers, promoted. moted. Capt. Pierre C. Stevens, paymaster, to be paymaster with the Maj. Charles G. Ayres (since retired from active service) · rank of major, from July 23, 1907, vice Co.ffin, deceased. ~ighth Cavalry, to be lieutenant-colonel, fi·om April 20, 1907: Capt. Bradner D. Slaughter, paymaster, to be paymaster with VICe Garrard, Fourteenth Cavalry, promoted. the rank of major, from September 4, 1907, -vice Vinson, pro­ Maj. J ohn C. Gresham, Ninth Cavalry, to be neutenant-colo­ moted. nel, from July 24, 190'7, '"Vice Ayres, Fourteenth Ca,~aJry .retired CORPS OF :ENGINEERS. from active service. . ' Lieut. Col. Richard L. Hoxie, Corps of Engineers, to be colo­ Maj. George H. G. Gale, Sixth Cavalry, to be lieutenant­ nel, from June 9, 1907, vice Quinn, retired from actiye service. colonel, from October 31, 1007, vice Varnum, Fourth Cavalry I· Lieut. Col. William L. Marshall, Corps of Engineers, to be retired from activ-e service. ' colonel, from August 27, 1907, vice Stickney, retired from active Capt. Tyree R. Rivers, Fourth Ca>alry., to be major from service. April 18, 1907, "vice Finley, Ninth Cavalry, promoted. ' Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Willard, Corps of Engineers, to be Capt. Henry T. Allen, Sixth Cavalry, to be .major, from .April colonel, from November 15, 1907. vice Lydecker, :retired from 20, 1907, vice Ayres, Eighth Cavalry, promoted. acti\e service. Capt. Samuel D. Freeman, Tenth Ca Ya.lry, to be major fr{)m 1\fa.j. John Millis, Oorps of Engineers, to be lieutemmt-colonel, July 24, 1907, vice Gresham, Ninth Cavalry, promoted. ' from June 7, 1907, vice Derby, retired from actiYe service. Capt. John W. Heard~ Third Cavalry, to be major, from Octo­ Maj. John Biddle, Corps of Engineers, to b~ lieutenant­ ber 31, 1907, -vice. Gale, Sixth Cavalry, promoted. colonel, from June 9, 1907, vice Hoxie, promoted. First Lieut. Willi-am L . Luhn, Fifth Cavalry, to be captain, Maj. Harry F. Hodges, Corps of Engineers, to be lientena.nt­ from March 18, 1907, vice J ohnson, Tenth Ca,~alry, detailed as colonel, from August 27, 1907, vice Marshall, promoted. quartermaster. 1\Ia.j. James G. Warren, Corps of Engineers, to be lieutenant­ First Lieut. Wallace M. Craigie, Second Ca .-alry, to be cap­ colo!!el, from No>ember 15, 1907, vice Willard, promoted. tain, fi·om April 18, 1907, vice Cornish., Ninth Cavalry retired Capt. Charles S. Bromwell, Corps of Engineers, to be major, · from active service. ' from June 7, 1907, vice Millis, promoted. First Lieut. Samuel Van Leer., Fifteenth Cavalry, to be cap­ Capt. Spencer Cosby, Corps of Engineers, to be major from tain, from April18, 1907, vice RiYers, Fourth Cavalry, promoted. June 9, 1907, vice Bid-dle, promoted. _ First Lieut. Hu B . .Myers, Fifth Cavalry, to be captain from C..'l.J)t. John S. Sewell, Corps of Engineers, to be major from April 20, 1907, vice Allen, Sixth Cavalry, promoted. ' August 27, 1907, vice Hodges, promoted. First Lieut. .Henry R. Richmond, First Oav~y, to be cap­ Capt. James F. Mcindoe, Corps of Engineers, to be major tain, from June 1, 1907, vice Pershing, Tenth Cayalry~ retired from No>ember 15, 1907, vice Warren, promoted. from adive service. ' First Lieut. Francis A.. Pope, Corps of Engineer·s, to be First Lieut. John J . Ryan, Twelfth Cavalry, to be captain captain from June 7, 1007, -vice "Bromwell, promoted. from .July 24, 1907, vice Freeman, Tenth .Caral.ry, promoted. ' First Lieut. Gilbert A.. Youngberg, Corps of Engineers, to be First Lieut. Osmun Latrobe, jr., Eighth Cavalry, to be cap­ captain from June D, 1007, \ice Cosby, promoted. tain, from September 7, 1907, vice Suplee, Fourteenth Cav­ First Lieut. Paul S. Bond, Corps of Engineers, to be captain alry, detailed ill! paymaster. from August 27, 1907, yice Sewell, promoted. . First Lient. Thomas F. Ryan, Eleventh Cm·alry, to be cap­ First Lieut. William P. Stokey, Corps of Engineers, to be tain, from September 23, 1907, vi.ce Dorey, Thirteenth Ca. mlry, captain from NoYember 15, 1907, >ice Mcindoe, promoted. retired from actiye service. Second Lieut. Francis B. Wilby, Corps of Engineers, to be first ]}"irst Lieut. William M. Connell, Seventh Cavalry, to be cap­ lieutenant from June 7, 1907, vice Pope, promoted. tain, from October 24, 1!:>07, vice Holbrook, Fifth Cavalry, de­ Second Lieut. Clarence S. Ridley, Corps of Engineers, to be tailed as commissary. first lieutenant from June 9, 1907, vice Youngberg, promoted. First Lieut. Theodore B. Taylor, Eighth Ca>alry, to be a.lry, Lieut. Col. James Rockwell. Ordnance Deparbnent, to be det.-'l.iled in ' the Signal Corps. colonel, from August 9, 1907, vice Phipps, retired from active Second Lieut. Clarence A.. Stott, Twelfth Cavalry, to be first service. lieutenant, from April 18, 1907, vice Craigie, Second Cavalry, Lieut. Col. Andrew H . Russell, Ordnance Department, to be promoted. colonel, from September 19, 1D07, vice Greer, deceased. Second Lieut. Marr O'Connor, Tenth Cavalry, to be first lieu­ Lieut. Col. Rogers Birnie, Ordnance Department, to be colonel, tenant from April 18, 1907, vice Van Leer, Fifteenth Cavah·y, from October 10, 1907, vice Smith, appointed brigadier-general. promoted. - l\laj. Frank E. Hobbs, Ordnance Department, to be lieutenant­ Second Lieut. Joseph H . Barnard, Fifth Cava.ll·y, to be first ·colonel, from March 26, 1907, vice Lyle, promoted. lieutenant from April 20, 1907, vice Myers, Fifth Canth·y, pro­ Maj. J. Walker Benet, Ordnance Departm~t, to be lieutenant­ moted. colonel., from August 9, 1907, vice Roc1..-well., promoted. Second Lieut. Rodman Butler, Sixth Carnlry, to be first l\Ia.j. William W. Gibson, Ordn-an-ce Department, to be lieu­ lieutenant from l\fay 17, 1907, >ice Mangum, Sixth Ca.>a.lry, tenant-colonel, from September 19, 1907, vice Russell, promoted. detailed in the Signal Corps. .Maj. Edwin B. Babbitt, Ordnance Department, to be lieu­ Second Lieut. Clarence Lininger, First Cavalry, to be .first tenant-colonel, from October 10, 1.907, vi<:>e Birni~, promoted. lieutenant from June 1, 1907, vice Richmond, First Cavalry, Capt. Clarence C. Williams, Ordnance Department, to bema­ promoted. jor, from Mar-ch 26, 1907, Yiee Hobbs, promoted. Second Lieut. Edward M. Offi.ey, First Cavalry, to be first Capt. Samuel Hof, Ordnance Department, to be major, fr om lieutenant from J uly 24, 1.907, -vice Ryan, Twelfth Oavulry, August 9, 1907, vlce Benet, promoted. promoted. 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 99

Second Lieut. John Cocke, Eleventh Cavalry, to be first lieu­ Second Lieut. Birchie 0. Mahaffey, Coast Artillery Corps, to tenant from September 5, 1907, vice :McCullough, Fifteenth Cav­ be first lieutenant from July 16, 1907, vice Perry, promoted. alry, dismissed. Second Lieut. William S. Dowd, Coast Artillery Corps, to tie Second Lieut. John T. Donnelly, Thirteenth Cavalry, to be first lieutenant from July 16, 1907, vice Doe, detailed in the first lieutenant, from September 7, _1907, vice Latrot-~. Eighth Ordnance Department. Cavalry, promoted~ Second Lieut. Richard H. Somers, Coast Artillery Corps, to be Second Lieut. Edwin L. Cox, Ninth Cavalry, to be first lieu­ first lieutenant from July 19, 1907, vice Horsfall, detailed in the tenant from September 23, 1907, vice Ryan, Eleventh Cavalry, Ordnance Department. promoted. Second Lieut. Robert Arthur, Coast Artillery Corps, to be first Second Lieut. Ronald E. ll'isher, Fourteenth Cavalry, to be lieutenant from August 7, 1907, vice Terrell, resigned. first lieutenant from October 24, 1907, vice Connell, Seventh Second Lieut. John P. Keeler, Coast Artillery Corps, ·to be Cavalry, promoted. first lieutenant from August 26, 1907, vice Lomax, promoted. Second Lieut. C. Emery Hathaway, Ninth Cavalry, to be first Second Lieut. Lucian D. Booth, Coast Artillery Corps, to be lieutenant from October 31, 1907, vice Taylor, Eighth Cavalry, first lieutenant from September 10, 1907, vice Gillmore, resigned. promoted. INF.A.NTRY ARM. Second Lieut. Joseph V. Kuznik, Ninth Cavalry, to be first lieutenant from November 8, 1907, vice Haskell, Fourth Cav­ Lieut. Col. Robert H. R. Loughborougli, Sixth Infantry, to be . airy, detailed in the Signal Corps. colonel, from March 7, 1907, vice Markley, Thirteenth Infanb:y, appointed brigadier-general. FIELD ARTILLERY. Lieut. Col. Richard T . . Yeatman, Twenty-seventh Infantry, Lieut. Col. Lotus Niles, Third Field Artillery, to be colonel to be colonel, from March 26, 1907, \ice Myer, Eleventh Infan­ from Aug_ust 12, 1907, vice Grimes, Third Field Artillery, retired try, appointed brigadier-general. from active service. Lieut. Col. Thomas F. Davis, detailed adjutant-general, to be Maj. Edwin St. J. Greble, Fourth Field Artillery, to be lieu­ colonel, from April 11, 1907, vice Hall, EighteeBth Infanh·y, tenant-colonel, from August 12, 1907, vice Niles, Third Field appointed brigadier-general. Artillery, promoted. - Lieut. Col. Daniel H. Brush, detailed inspector-general, to Capt. Edward F. McGlachlin, jr., Fourth Field Artillery, to be colonel, from 1\fay 4, 1907, vice Hodges, Twenty-fourth Infan­ be major, from August 12, 1007, vice Greble, Fourth Field Ar­ try, appointed brigadier-general. tillery, promoted. Lieut. Col. Charles A. Booth, Seventh Infantry, to be colonel, First Lieut. William H. Burt, Fifth Field Artillery, to be from October 1, 1907, vice Brown, Twenty-sixth Infantry, retired captain, from June 12, 19'07, vice Lanza, unassigned, detailed as from active service. quartermaster. Lieut. Col. Charles J. Crane, Seventeenth Infantry, to be First Lieut. Frederick B. Hennessy, Sixth Field Artillery, colonel, from October 25, 1907, vice Robertson, Ninth Infantry, to be captain, from July 26, 1907, vice Burt, Fourth Field Ar­ retired from active service. . tillery, d~tailed as paymaster. Maj. ;william A . Mann, Nineteenth Infantry, to be lieutenant­ First Lieut. Laurin I.1. Lawson, Third Field Artillery, to be colonel, from March 7, 1907, vice Loughborough, Sixth Infantry, captain, from August 12, 1907, vice McGlachlin, Fourth Fiele retired from active service. first lieutenant, from July 16, 1907, vice Seaman, promoted. First Lieut. James Justice, Twenty-second Infantry, to be · Second Lieut. Guy L. Gerhart, Coast Artillery Corps, to be captain from March 2, 1907, vice Mcintyre, Nineteenth Infan­ first lieutenant, from July 16, 1907, vice McElgin, promoted. tiy, detailed as principal assistant to the Chief of the Bureau Second "Lieut. George A. Wildrick, Coast Artillery Corps, to of Insular Affairs of the War Department. be first lieutenant, ·from July 16, 1907, vice Buck, dropped for First Lieut. Arthur S. Cowan, Twenty-fourth Infantry, to be desertion. captain from March 7, 1907, vice Hirsch, Twentieth Infantry, Second Lieut. Allen Kimberly, Coast Artillery Corps, to be detailed as quartermas~r. . first lieutenant from July 16, 1907, vice McKay, resigned. First Liuet. Ephriam G. Peyton, Eighteenth Infantry, to be Second Lieut. Thomas A. Clark, Coast Artillery Corps, to be captain, from March 12, 1907, vice Palmer, Seventeenth In­ first lieutenant from July 16, 1907, vice Casey, promoted. fantry, retired from active service. 100 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 3,

First Lieut. Earle W. Tanner, Fourth Infantry, to be captain Second Lieut. J'ames E. :McDonald, Twenty-fourth Infantry, from March 12, :W07, vice Dentler, Ele>enth Infantry, pro- to be first lieutenant, from Tovember 2, 1000, Yice Herron, more~ · Eighteenth Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. William L. Reed, EleT"enth Infantry, to be cap­ Second Lieut. William F. C. Jepson, SeTenth Infantry, to be tain, from March 26, 1907, vice Thompson, Eighth Infantry, first lieutenant, from December 2, 1906, vice Hanson, Four­ promoted. teenth Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. Charles L. ~IcKain, Sixteenth Infantry, to be Second Lieut. Carl F. von dem Bu sche, Eighteenth Infantry, captain, from April 4, 1007, vice Folwell, Eighteenth Infantry, to be first lieutenant, from December 4, 1906, vice Brown, Ninth retired from acti>e service. Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. Jame D. Reams, Twenty-fitth Infantry, to be Second Lieut. Fay W. Brabson, Twelfth Infantry, to be first captain, from April 1G, 1907, vice Carey, Thirtieth Infantry, de­ lieutenant, from Deeember 15, 1906, vice Merry, Twenty-third tailed as paymaster. Infantry, promoted. · Fir"'t Lieut. Andrew J. Dougherty, Twenty-eightll Infantry, Seoond Lieut. Royden E. Beebe, Twenty-ninth Infanh·y, to be to be captain, from April 29, 1007, "Vice Bent, Thirtieth In­ first lieutenant, from January 5, :1907, vice Wieczorek, Seven­ f::mtry, resigned. teenth Infantry, detailed in the Signal Corp.s. First Lieut. Olirer S. Eskridge, Twenty-seventh Infantry, to Second Lieut. William J. O'Loughlin, Second Infantry, to be be captain from May 6, 1907, vice Styer, Eleventh Infantry, first lieutenant, from January 9, 1!)07, ice Cabell, Fourteenth promoted. . Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. Joel R. Lee, Tenth Infantry. to be capta.rn, from Second Lieut. Edward J. Bloom, Fourth Infantry, to be first Jtme 24, 1007, vice Hamilton, Twenty-second Iuf:lntry, retired lieutenant, from J'anuary 24, 1007, vice Game, Eleventh Infan­ from active service. try. promoted. First Lieut. George E. Stewart, Fifteenth Infantry, to be cap­ Second Lieut. Girard L. McEntee, jr., Ninth Infantry, to be tain, from July 15, 1007, vice Hannay, Twenty-second Infantry, first lieutenant, from January 31, 1007, vice ·Stuart, Seventh det.'liled as quartermaster. Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. Bernard Sharp, Third Infantry, to be captain, Second Lieut. Leighton Powell, Sixth Infantry, to be first from A.ugust 19, 1007. vice Biddle~ Twenty-second Infantry lieutenant, from February 1, 1907, vice Patten, Thirteenth resigned. Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. Alden C. Knowles, Thirteenth Infantry~ to be cap­ Second Lieut. Charles Keller, Twenty-fifth Infantry, to be tain, from October 1, 1907. vice Ayer, Thirtieth Infantry, pro­ first lieutenant, from February 4, 1907, vice Willard, Twenty­ moted. ninth Infantry. detailed in the Signal Corp • First Lieut. Henry A. Hanigan, Thirteenth Infantry, to be Second Lieut. · John Scott, Fourth Infantry, to be first lieu­ captain, from October 4, 1907, vice Noble, Third Infantry, pro­ tenant, from February 4, 1.007, vice Beck, Fifth Infantry, moted. detailed in the Signal Corps. First Lieut. .Earnest M. Reeve. Fifteenth Infantry, to be cap­ Second Lieut. George C. Rockwell, Tenth Infantry, to be first tain, from Octob~r 20, 1907, Yice Morse, Twenty-ninth Infantry, lieutenant, from February 14, 1907, -vice. McElroy, Thirteenth promoted. Infantry, resigned. First Lieut. Hjalmer Erickson, Seventh Infanh·y, to be cap­ Second Lieut. Smith A. Harris, Fourteenth Infantry, to be 23, tain, from Odober 1907, vice Finley, Twenty-seventh In- first lieutenant, from February 16~ 1907, vice Major, FouTteenth fantry, promoted. · Infantry, promoted. First Lieut. James W. Furlow. Eleventh Infantry, to be cap­ Second Lieut. Noble J. Wiley, Fifth Infantry, to be first lieu­ tain, from October 28, 1007, Yice Smitll, Fourth Infantry, de­ tenant, fTom March 2, 1907, vice Justice, Twenty-second Infan­ tailed as paymaster. · try. promoted. First Lieut. John W. Wright, Fifth Infantry, to be captain, Second Lieut. George C. Marshall, jr., Thirtieth Infantry, to from November 8, 1907, -rice Reichmann, Seventeenth Infantry, be first lieutenant, from March 7! 1907, vice Cowan, Twenty­ promoted. fourth Infantry, promoted.. Second Lieut. William J. Da-ris, Eighth Infantry, to be first Second Lieut. Robert L. Meador, Ninth Infantry, to be .first lieutenant, from August 9, 1906, vice James, Eighth Infantry, lieutenant, from March 12, 1907, vice Peyton, Eighteenth In­ deceased. fantry, promoted. Second Lieut. John F. Clapham, Fifteenth Infanh·y, to be Second Lieut. Samuel T. 1\Iackall, Eleventh Infantry, to be first lieutenant, from August 15, 1906, Yice Yates, Fifth Infan­ first lieutenant, from March 12, 1907, vice TanneF, Fourth In­ try, promoted. fantry,~promoted . Second Lieut. Kenneth P. Williams, first Infantry, to be first Second Lieut. Charles C. Herman, jr., Third Infantry, to be lieutenant, from August 20, 1906, vice Trott, Fifth Infantry, first lieutenant, from Uarch 15, 1007, vice Bessell, Eighteenth promoted. Infanh·y, detailed in the Signal Corps. Second Lieut. William A. Alfonte, Eighteenth Infantry, to be Second Lieut. Robert D. Goodwin, Fourth Infantry, to be first first lieutenant, fTom September 11, 1!)06, vice Burtt, Fifth Heutenant, from March 26, 1D07, vice Reed, Eleventh Infantry, Infantry, promoted. promoted. Second Lieut. Daniel A. Nolan, Fifth Infantry, to be first Second Lieut. Walter C. Short, Twenty-fifth Infantry, to be lieutenant, from September 12, 190G, vice Brown, Tenth In­ first lieutenant, from April 4, 1907, vice McKain, Sixteenth In­ fantry, promoted. fantry, promoted. Second Lieut. Churles E. Swartz, T'\\'en1.-y-fourth Infantry, to Second Lieut. John C. Waterman, Fourth Infantry, to be first be first lieutenant, from October 6, 1906, vice ~linus, Tenth lieutenant, from April 6, 1907, Yice Crowne, Twenty-ninth In­ Infantry, promoted. . fantry, dismissed. Second Lieut. Benjamin D. Foulois, Seventh Infantry, to be Second Lieut. Austin 1\I. Pardee, Twentieth Infantry, to be first lieutenant, from October 16, 1906, vice Ca.lvert, Twenty­ fir t lieutenant, from APril16, 1007, ·vice Reams, Twenty-fifth In­ fourth Infantry, deceased. fantry, promoted. Second Lieut. Boy w. AsW>roolr, Seventeenth Infantry, to be Second Lieut. Frank F. Jewett, First Infantry, to be fir t lieu­ .first lieutenant, from October 16, 1906, vice Kelso, Thirteenth tenant, from April 20, 1907, vic.e Bury, Twenty-third Infantry, Infantry, retired from active service. resigned. Second Lieut. Ralph H. LeaYitt~ Twenty..eighth Infantry, to Second Lieut. Hunter Harri , Ninth Infa-.:ry, to be first lieu­ be first lieutenant, from October 20, 1906, vice Bundel, Twenty­ tenant, from April 23, 1907, vice Sager, Eighteenth Infantry, fifth Infantry, promoted. resigned. Second Lieut. Goodwin Compton, Twenty-sixth Infantry, to Second Lieut. Augustus F. Dannemiller, Twenty-ninth Infan­ be first lieutenant, from October 20, 1906, vice Halstead, Thir­ try, to be first lieutenant from April 29, 1007, vice Dougherty, teenth Infantry, promoteU. Twenty-eighth Infantry, promoted. Second Lieut. Launcelot lU. Purcell, Twenty-sixth Infantry, Second Lieut. Daniel M. Cheston, jr., SeYenteenth Infantry, to be first lieutenant, from October 25, 1906, vice Wilson, retired to be first lieutenant from May G-, 1007, vice E kridge, Twenty­ from active sernce. seYenth Infantry, promoted. Second Lieut. William R. Leonar~ First Infantry, to be first Second Lieut. James W. Everington, 'l~hird Infanh·y, to be lieutenant, from October 29, 1D06, Yice Schmidt, Fourteenth first lieutenant from June 4, 1007, vice Richardson, Twenty­ Infantry, resigned. · sixth Infantry, resigned. econd Lieut. Clarence H. Farnham, Twent;r-ninth Infantry, Second Lieut. Alfred A. Hickox, Fifieenth Infantry, to be to be first lieutenant, from October 31, 1906, vice Yan Duyne, fir-st lieutenant from June 12, 1907, Yice Murphy, Fourth Infan­ Fourth. Infantry, prometed. try, retired from active service. 1907. .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 101

Second Lieut. Samuel G. Talbott, Twenty-eighth Infantry, to Maurice E. Rose, a citizen of New York. be first lieutenant from June 24, 1907, vice Lee, Tenth Infantry, Charles G. Alderman, a citizen of Indiana, to be an assistant promoted. surgeon in the Navy from the 9th day of July, 1907, to :fill a Second Lieut. Edwin P. Thompson, Twenty-sixth Infantry, vacancy existing in that grade on that date. to be first lieutenant from July 1, 1907, vice Penfield,. Four­ The following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the teenth InfantTy, detailed in the Ordnance Department. Navy from the 12th day of July, 1907, to fill vacancies existing Second Lieut. John E. Green, Twenty-fifth Infantry, to be in that grade on that date: first lieutenant from July 15, 1907~ vice Stewart, Fifteenth Henry L. Dollard, a citizen of New York. Infantry, promoted. Earle P. Huff, a citizen of New York. Second Lieut. Jason M. Walling, Eighth Infantry, to be first Harry R. Hermesch, a citizen of Indiana. .Ueutenn.nt from August 19, 1907, vice Sharp, Third Infantry, Henry L. Smith, a citizen of Pennsylvania• '\)romoted. Willard G. Steadman, jr., a citizen of Connecticut. Second Lieut. George F. Brady, Fourteenth Infantry, to be Martin Donelson, a citizen of Tennessee. first lieutenant fTom October 1, 1907, vice Kno-wles, Thirteenth Myron C. Baker, a citizen of Tennessee. tnfantry, promoted. · Elmer E. Curtis, a citizen of Kansas. Second Lieut. Robert L. Weeks, Thirtieth Infantry, to be 1\ficajah Boland, a citizen of New York. nrst lieutenant from October 4, 1907, vice Hanigan, Thirteenth Dow H. Casto, a citizen of West Virginia. Infantry, promoted. The following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the Second Lieut. Albert G. Goodwyn, Twenty-ninth Infantry, to Navy from the 21st ·day of Sepmmber, 1907, to fill vacancies be first lieutenant from October 20, 1907, vice Reeve, Fifteenth existing in that grade on that date: Infantry, promoted. Charles W. 0. Bunker, a citi~en of Nebraska. Second Lieut. Charles A. Hunt, Twelfth Infantry, to be first Howard F. Lawrence, a citizen of Pennsylvania. 1 lieutenant from October 23, 1907, vice Erickson, Seventh In­ Charles J. Holeman, a citizen of Pennsylvania. · fantry, promoted. Gordon D. Hale, a citizen of Rhode Island, and Second Lieut. Leo B. Dannemiller, Eleventh Infantry, to be Alexander B. Hay{vard, a citizen of Maryland. first lieutenant from October 28, 1907, vice Furlow, Eleventh Montgomery E. Higgins, a citizen of Maryland, and. David A. Infantry, promoted. Spear, a citizen of Ohio, to be assistant surgeons in the Navy, REAPPOINTMENT IN THE. ARMY-QUARTERMASTER'S DEPARTMENT. from the 4th -day of October, 1907, to fill vacancies existing in Brig. Gen. Charles F. Humphrey {since retired from active that grade on that date. service), Quartermaster-General, to be Quartermaster-General, George W. Shepard, a citizen of Ohio, to be an assistant sur­ with the rank of brigadier-general, for the period of four years, geon in the Navy from the 25th day of October, 1907, to fill a beginning April 12, 1907, with rank from April 12, 1903, his vacancy existing in that grade on that date. former appointment as Quartermaster-General having expired PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. April 12, 1907. Asst. Surg. Francis 1\I. Munson to be a passed assistant sur­ PLACED ON THE RETIRED LIST OF THE ARMY WITH THE RANK OF geon in the Navy from the 5th day of April, 1906, upon the com­ BRIGADIER· GENERAL. pletion of three years' service in present grade. Col. Harry R. Anderson, retired, from April 5, 1907. P. A. Surg. .Tames S. Taylor to be a surgeon in the Navy from Col. Edward B. Moseley, retired, from May 10, 1907. the 7th day of October, 1906, vice Surg. James C. Byrnes, Col. George S. Grimes, retired, from August 12, 1907. promoted. Asst. Surg. Robert G. Heiner to be a passed assistant surgeon TO BE PLACED ON THE RETIRED LIST OF TilE ARMY. in the Navy from the 26th day of December, 1906, upon the Freeman V. Walker, of Georgia, late captain,. assistant sur­ completion of three years' service in present grade. geon, United States Army, to be assistant surgeon, with the P. A. Surg. Joseph A. Murphy to be a surgeon in the Navy rank of captain from July 27, 1891. from the 20th day of 1\Iarch, 1907, vice Surg. David B .. Kerr, · Col. Benjamin C. Lockwood, Twenty-ninth Infantry. to be deceased. placed on the retired list of the Army with the rank of briga­ Medical Inspector Presley M. Rixey to be a medical director • dier-general from the date on which he shall be retired from iu the Navy from .the 7th day of 1\Iay, 1907~ vice Medical Di­ active service. rector James R. Waggener, retired. APPOINTMENTS IN THE NAVY. P. A. Surg. John T. Kennedy to be a surgeon in the Navy George E. T. Stevenson, a citizen of Pennsylvania, to be n from the 7th day· of 1\Iay, 1907, vice Surg. Averley C. H. Russell; chaplain in the Navy from the 16th day of April, 1907, to :fill promoted. a vacancy existing in that grade on that date. Asst. Surg. Benjamin H. Dorsey to be a passed assistant The following-named citizens to be assistant civil engineers surgeon in the Navy from the 2d day of March, 1907, upon the in the Navy from the 30th day of July, 1907, to fill vacancies completion of three years' service in present grade. existing in that grade on that date: Asst. Surg. Harry L. Brown to be a passed assistant surgeon Carroll Paul, a citizen of Nebraska. in the Navy from the 12th day of April, 1907, upon the comple­ Glenn S. Burrell, a citizen of Ohio. tion o.f three years' service in present grade. Ralph Whitman, a citizen 9f Ua.ssachusetts. Asst. Surg. William J. Zal~sky to be a passed assistant sur­ Carl A. Bostrom, a citizen of Ohio. geon in the Navy from the 12th day of April, 1907, upon the Ralph :M. Warfield, a citizen of ·Vermont.. completion of three years' service in present grade. July 27, 1907. Asst. Surg. Henry A. May to be a passed assistant surgeon The following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the in the Navy from the 22d day of April, 1907, upon the comple­ Navy from the 5th day of March, 1907, to fill vacancies existing tion of three years' service in present grade. in that grade on that date: Asst. Surg. Owen J. Mink to be a passed assistant surgeon in Reynolds Hayden, a citizen of the District of Columbia. the Navy from the 7th day of June, 1907, upon the completion Edward V. Valz, a citizen of Virginia. of three years' service in present grade. Frederick W. Smith, a citizen of New York. Medical Inspector Walter A. McClurg to be a medical director The following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the in the Navy from the 16th day of June, 1907, vice Medical Navy from the 4th day of May, 1907, to :fiU vacancies existing Director George P. Bradley, retired. in that grade on that date: P. A. Surg. Karl Ohnesorg to be a surgeon in the Navy from Montgomery A. Stuart. a citi~en of Michigan& the 16th day of June, 1907, vice Surg. Clement Biddle, pro­ Rudoloh I. Longabaugh, a citizen of California.. moted. Frank X. Koltes, a citizen of Illinois. Asst. Surg. Norman T. McLean to be a passed assistant sur­ William H. Short. a citizen of New Jersey. geon in the Navy from the 28th day of June, 1907, upon the Herbert h Kelley, a citizen of New Hampshire. to be an completion of three years' service in present grade. assistaut surgeon from the 6th day of June, 1907, to :fill a va­ Asst. Surg. Cary T. Grayson to be a passed assistant surgeon cancy existing in that grade on that date. in the Navy from the 28th day of June, 1907, upon the comple­ Th.e following-named citizens to be assistant surgeons in the tion of three years' service in present grade. Navy from the 27th day of June, 1907, to :fill vacancies existing Asst. Surg. Harold W. Smith to be a passed assistant surgeon in that grade on that date: in the Navy from the 27th day of September, 1907, upon the Otto V. Huffman, a citizen of Ohio. completion of three years' service in present grade. Julian T. Miller, a citizen of Virginia. Asst. Surg. Addison B. Clifford to be a passed assistant sur­ George B. Trible, a citizen of Missouri. geon in the Navy from the 27th day of September, 100'7, upon Harry A. Garrison,. a citizen of West Virginia.. the completion of three years' service in present grade. 102 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 3,

Lieut. Eugene L. Bisset to be a lieutenant-commander in the Earl P. Finney, Navy from the 22d day of November, 1906, vice Lieut. Com­ William D. Puleston, mander LeRoy :M. Garrett, deceased. Charles S. Kerrick, Lieut. Commander John H. Gibbons to be a commander in the 1\lerritt S. Corning, Navy from the 25th day of December, 1906, vice Commander William J. Moses, and Alfred B. Canaga, deceased. George P. Brown. Commander Vincendon L. Cottman to be a captain in the The following-named lieutenants, junior grade, to be lieu­ Navy from the 8th day of February, 1907, vice Capt. George A. tenants in the Na\y from the 2d day of May, 1907, to fill va­ Bicknell, promoted. cancies existing in that grade on that date: I.ieut. William K. Gise to be a lieutenant-commander in the Henry G. S. Wallace. Navy from the 8th day of February, 1907, vice Lieut. Com­ Horace S. Kiyce. mander Thomas Snowden, promoted. Frank W. Sterling. Lieut. Commander Thomas F. Carter to be a commander in James 0. Richardson. the Navy from the 18th day of February, 1907, vice Commander Franklin W. Osburn, jr. Frank E. Sawyer, promoted. Gilford Darst. Lieut. Thomas S. Wilson to be a lieutenant-commander in the Roe R. Adams. . Na¥y from the 1 th day of February, 1907, vice Lieut. Com­ Semmes Read. mander 1-'homas F. Carter, promoted. Harry A. Baldridge. Lieut. Commander Frederic C. Bowers to be a commander in William L. Pryor. the Navy from the 24th day of February, 1007, vice Commander James P. 1\I urdock. '.rhomas B. Howard, promoted. Edward J. Marquart. Lieut. Henry A. Pearson to be a lieutenant-commander in the Andrew A. Peterson. Navy from the 24th day of February, 1907, vice Lieut. Com­ Leroy Brooks, jr. mander Frederic C. Bowers, promoted. Donald C. Bingham. Capt. John P. Merrell to be a rear-admiral in the Navy from Robert '\Yallace, jr. the 19th day of March, 1907, vice Rear-Admiral Benjamin F. Ralph M. Griswold. Tilley, deceased. William W. Smith. Commander Walter C. Cowles to be captain in the Navy Francis S. Whitten. from the 19th day of March, 1907, vice Capt. John P. Merrell, Thomas L. Ozburn. promoted. Lewis B. Porterfield. Lieut. Commander George R. Salisbury to be a commander Walter G. Diman. in the Navy from the 19th day of March, 1907, vice Commander Gilbert J. Rowcliff. Walter C. Cowles, promoted. James P. Lannon. Lieut. Commander John L. Purcell, an additional number in Richard Wainwright, jr. grade, to be a commander·in the Navy from the 19th day of Frank C. Martin. March, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander George R. Salisbury, pro­ Ralph P. Craft. moted. Adolphus Staton. Lieut. Orton P. Jackson to be lieutenant-commander in the David A. Weaver. Navy from the 19th day of March, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander Neil E. Nichols. George R. Salisbury, promoted. James A. Campbell, jr. The following-named ensigns to be lieutenants, junior grade, Otto C. Dowling. - in the Navy from the 2d day of May, 1907, upon the completion Charles W. Early. of three years' service in their present grade: Wilson Brown; jr. Henry G. S. Wallace. Robert Henderson. Horace S. Klyce. Edward C. S. Parker. Frank W. Sterling. Joseph 0. Fisher. James 0. Richardson. William T. Conn,· jr. Franklin W. Osburn, jr. John H. Blackburn. Gilford Darst. Frank B. Freyer. Roe R. Adams. Carlos Bean. Semmes Read. Oscar F. Cooper. Harry A. Baldridge. Roscoe C. Davis. William L. Pryor. Earl P. Finney. James P. Murdock. William D. Puleston. Edward J. Marquart, Charles S. Kerrick. Andrew A. Peterson, 1\ferritt S. Corning. Leroy Brooks, jr., George P. Brown. Donald C. Binghan;t, Commander Austin 1\f. Knight to be a captain in the Navy Hobert Wallace, jr., from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Capt. William H. Reeder, Ralph M. Griswold, retired. William W. Smith, Lieut. Commander Robert-F. Lopez to be a commander in the Francis S. Whitten, NaYy from the 1st day of Jnly, 1907, vice Commander Austiu M. 1.'homas L. Ozburn, Knight, prollloted. Lewis B. Porterfield, Commander Charles J. Badger to be a captain in the Navy Walter G. Diman, from the 1st day of July, 1007, vice Capt. John M. Hawley, Gilbert J. Rowcliff, retired. James P. Lannon, Lieut. Commander Frank W. Kellogg to be a commander in Richard Wainwright, jr., the Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Commander Frank C. Martin, Charles J. Badger, promoted. Ralph P. Craft, Commander Samuel W. B. Diehl to a captain in the Navy from Adolphus Staton, the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Capt. Perry Garst, retired. David A. Wea¥er, · Lieut. Percy N. Olmsted to be a lieutenant-commander in the Neil E. Nichols, Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, ¥ice Lieut. Commander James A. Campbell, jr., lleuben 0. Bitler, promoted. Otto C. Dowlin

Lieut. Commander Albert A. Ackerman to be -commander in the Navy from the 1st day of .July, 1907, 'Vice Lieut. Commander the Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Commander Ed- Lewi'3 J. Clark, retired. mund B. Underwood, promoted. · Lieut. Provoost Babin to be a lieutenant-commander ill the Lieut. Allen M. Cook to be a lieutenant~commander in the Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander Charles S. Stanwo-rth, retired. Albert A. Ackerman, promoted. Lieut. Simon P. Fullinwider to be a lieutenant-commander in Commander Frank A. Wilner to be a cavta.ln in the Navy the Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander from the 1st day of July, i907, vice Capt. William H. Beehler, William H. McGrann, retired. retired. Lieut. Stephen V. Graham to be a lieutenant-commander in Lieut. Commander Leo D. Miner to be a commander in the the Navy from the 1st day of July, .1907, vice Lieut. Commander Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, -vice Commander Frank George Mallison, retired. A. Wilner, promoted. Capt. Eugene H. C. Leutze to be a rear-admiral in the Navy Lieut. Christopher C. Fewell to be a lieutenant-commander from the 6th day of July, 1907, vice Rear-Admiral George n in the Navy from th~ 1st day of July, 1907, vic~ Lieut. Com­ Reiter, retired. • mander Leo D. Miner, promoted. ·Commander .John .M. Robinson to be a captain in the Navy Commander Henry Mo~r~ll to be a ·captain in the Navy from from the -6th day of July, 1907, vice Capt. Eugene H. C. Leutze, the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Capt. RiChard G. Davenport, promoted. retired. Lieut. Commander John A. Hoogewerff to be a commander in Lieut. Commander Albert P. Niblack to be a commander [n the Navy fr{)m the 6th -day of July, 1907, vice Commander .John the Navy from the 1st day of July, 19'07, vice Commander M. Robinson, promoted. Hen:ry Morrell, -prom<>ted. Lieut. Alfred W. Hinds, to be a lieutenant-commander in the Lieut. Frank B. Upham tp be a lieutenant-commander in the Navy from the 6th day of .July, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander Navy from the 1st day of -July, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander John A. Hoogewerff, promoted. Albert P. Niblack, promoted. Capt. Uriel Sebree to be a rear-admiral .in the Navy from Lieut. Andre M.· Procter, an additional number in grade, t<> the 8th day of July, 1907, vice Rear-Admiral Willard H. Brown-· be a lieutenant-commander in the Navy from the 1st day of son, retired. July, 1907~ vice Lieut. Frank .B. Upham, -promoted. Commander John K. Barton to be a captain in the Navy trom Lieut. C.ommn.nder Hftrry Han to be .a commander in the the 8th day of July, 1907, vice_.. Capt. Uriel Sebree, promoted. Navy from the 1st d:ay .of .July, 1.907, vice Commander Charles Lieut. Commander Edward E. Capehart, to be a commander B. T . .Moore, promoted. in the Navy from the 8th day of July, 1907, vic~ Commander Lieut. John L. Sticht to be a lieutenant-commander in the John K. Barton, promoted. Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Lieut. Dommander Lieut. Ernest L. Bennett, to be a lieutenant-cmnmander in Ha.rry Hall"' prom<>t:ed. the Navy from the 8th day of July, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander Commander Ten Eyck De W. V.eeder to be a -captain in the Edward E. Capehart, promoted. Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Capt. Rogers H. Galt, Lieut. William P. Scott, an additional number in grade, to be retired. a lieutenant-commander in the Navy from the 8th day of July Lieut. Commander Edward Simpson to be a commander in 1907, with Lieut. Ernest L. Bennett, promoted. ' the Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Commander Ten Lieut. Joseph M. Reeves, an additional number in grade, to be Eyck De W. Veeder, promoted. a lieutenant-commander in the Navy from the 8th day of .July, Commander .Alfred Ueynolds to be a captain in the Navy 1907, with Lieut. William P. Scott, promoted. from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Capt. Frank E. Sawyer, Capt. Albert R. Couden, to be a rear-admiral in the Navy, ~etired~ from the 12th day of July, 1907, vice Rear-Admiral James H. Lieut. Commander Thomas W. Kinkai-d to be a commander Sands, retired. in the Navy from th~ 1st day of July, 1907, vice Commander Commander Robert G. Denig, to be a captain in the Navy, Aifred Reynolds, pr<>moted. / from the 12th day of July, 1907, vice Capt. Albert R. Couden, Lieut. Commander William s. Sims to be a commander in the · promoted. Navy from the 1st day of July, 1901, vice Commander William Lieut. Commander Henry B. Wilson, to be a -commander in !J'. Halsey, retired. the Navy from the 12th day of July, 1907, vice Commander Lie.ut. Emmet R. P<>llocB: to be a lieutenant-commander in the Robert G. Denig, promoted. Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander Lieut. Roscoe C. Moody, to be a lieutenant-commander in the William S. Sims, promoted. Navy, from the 12th day of July, 1907, viee Lieut. Commander Lieut. Commander Louis S. VanDuzer to be .a commander in Henry B. Wilson, promoted. the Navy from the 1st day ot July, 1907, vice Commander Wil­ Commander George H. Peters, to be a captain in the Navy, liam Winder, :retired. from the 26th day of July, 1907, vice Capt. John C. Wilson, Lieut. J"ohn P. ;T. Ryan to be a lieutenant-commander in the retired. Navy from the 1st day of ..Jul~ 1.907, vice Lieut. Oommander Lieut. Commander Gustav Kaemmerling, to be a commander Louis S. Van Dozer, promoted. in the Navy, from the 26th day of July, 1907, vice Commander Lieut. Commander Wilson W. Buchanan to be a commander George H. Peters, promoted. in the N.avy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice -commander Lieut. Fritz L. Sandoz, to be a lieutenant-commander in the John F. Parker, retired. Navy, from the 26th day of July, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander Lieut. Chester Wells to be a lieutenant-commander in the Gustav Kaemmerling, promoted. Navy from the 1st day of July, 1.907, vice Lieut. Commander The following-named ensigns to be lieutenants, junior grade, Wilson W. Buchanan, promoted. in the Navy, from the 30th day of July, 1907, upon the .comple­ Lieut. Commander William J. Maxwell to be a commander in tion of tlu·ee years' service in their present grade: the Navy 'from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Commander .John Francis D. Burns, -c. Colwell, retired. Charles W. Densmore; Lieut. Irvin V. G. Gillis t<> be .a lieutenant-commander in the Owen Hill, Navy from the lst -day of .July, 1907, vice Lieut. 'Commander Josepll F. Daniels, William J. Maxwell, promoted. Walter E. Whitehead, Lieut. Dommande.r William S. Smith to be a command~r in Gaston De P. Johnstone, and the Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Commander Wil­ Frank Rorschach. liam G. Cutler, retired. Lieutenants (Junior Grade) Francis D. Bums, .Joseph F. Lieut. Ridley McLean to be a lieutenant-commander 1n the Daniels, and Walter E. Whitehead to be lieutenants in the N.avy Navy from the 1st day of July, 1.007, vice Lleut. Commander frQm the 30th day of July, 1907, to fill vacancies -existing in that 'Villiam S. Smith, promoted. grade on that date. Lieut. Raymond Stone to be a lieutenant-commander in the Capt. Edwin C. Pendleton to be a rear-admiral in the Navy Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Lieut. Commander from the 28th day of August, 1907, vice Rear-Admiral Charles lohn F. Vuby, promoted. H. Davis, retired. Lieut. Commander Hugh Rodman to be a commander in the Commander Bradley A.. Fiske to be :a captain in the Navy Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907, vice Commander Arthur W. from the 28th day of August, 1907, vice Capt. Edwin C~ Pendle­ Dodd, retired. ton, promoted. Lieut. David F . .Sellers to be a lieutenant-commander in the Lieut. Commander Emil Theiss to be a commander in tho Navy from the 1st day of July, 1907~ vice Lieut. COmmander Navy from the 28th day of August, 1907, vice Commander Brad­ Hugh Rodman, promoted. ley A. Fiske, promoted. Lieut. .John T. Tompkins to be a lieutenant-commander in Lieut. Leland F. James to be a lieutenant-commander ,in the 104 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE . DECEMBER 3,

Navy from the 28th day of August, 1907, vice Lieut. Com­ Gordon W. Haines, mander Emil Theiss, promoted. J ohn W. Wilcox, jr., Lieut. Frank Lyon, an additional number in grade, to be a Laurance N . .McNair, lieutenant-commander in the Navy from the 28th day of August, Horace C. Laird, 1907,. vice Lieut. Leland F. James, promoted~ Benjamin Dutton, jr., Capt. Albert Ross to be a rear-admiral in th~ Navy from the Reed 1\f . Fa well, 13th day of October, 1907, vice Rear-Admiral Charles H. Stock· J ames S. ·Woods, ton, retired. Lloyd W. Townsend, Commander Hamilton Hutchins to be a captain in the Navy Edward G. Hargis, from the 13th day of October, 1907, vice Capt. Albert Ross, John C. Sumpter, promoted. Ralph B. Strassburger, Lieut. Commander Spencer S. Wood to be a commander in John 1\f. Smeallie, the 1'\fi:vy from the 13th day of October, 1907, vice Commander William F. Gaddis. Hamilton Hutchins, promoted. Harold D. Childs, a citizen of Vermont, and late a midship­ Capt. Richardson Clover to be a rear-admiral in the Navy man in the Navy, to be an ensign in the Navy from the 4th day from the 8th day of November, 1907, vice Rear-Admiral Henry of March, 1907, in accordance with the provisions of an act of W. Lyon, retired. Congress approved on that date. . Capt. James 1\f. Miller to--be a rear-admiral in the Navy from P . A. Paymaster James S. Beecher to be a paymaster in the the 8th day of November, 1907, vice Rear-Admiral Albert S. Navy from the 1st day of February, 1907, vice Paymaster Snow, retired. George M. Lukesh, resigned. Commander John 1\f. Bowyer to be a captain in the Navy from Asst. Paymaster Elijah H. Cope to be a passed assistant pay­ the 8th day of November, 1907, vice Capt. Richardson Clover, master in the Navy from the 1st day of February, 1907, vice promoted. P . A. Paymaster James S. Beecher, promoted. The following-named midshipmen to be ensigns in the Navy P . A. Paymaster Henry A. Wise, jr., to be a paymaster in ' from the 31st day of January, 1907, to fill vacancies existing in the Navy from the 1st day of May, 1907, vice Paymaster Walter that grade on that date: T . Camp, resigned. Hugo Frankenberger. Asst. Paymaster Brainerd M. Dobson to be a passed assistant Roy C. Smith. paymaster .in the Navy from the 1st day of May, 1907, vice Ormond L. Cox. P . A. Paymaster Henry A. Wise, jr., promoted. - lloyal E. Ingersoll. Pay Inspector Richard T. 1\f. Ball to be a pay director in the Herbert F . Leary. Navy from the 3d day of May, 1907, vice Pay Director J ames Lee S. Border. E. Cann, deceased. Chester W . Nimitz. Paymaster Henry A. Dent to be a pay inspector in the Navy Reuben B. Coffey. from the 3d day of May, 1907, vice Pay Inspector Richard T. 1\I. Joseph V. Ogan. Bal1, promoted. . Ernest A. Swanson. P. A. Paymaster Henry de F . Mel to be a paymaster in the John C. Sweeney, jr. Navy, from the 3d day of May, 1907, vice Paymaster Henry A .• Albert T. Church. Dent, promoted. Winfield Liggett, jr. Asst. Paymaster William ·w. Lamar to pe a passed assistant Logan Cresap. paymaster in the Navy, from the 3d day ot 1\Iay, 1907, vice James 0 . Gawne. P . A. Paymaster Henry de F . .Mel, promoted. Alva B. Court. Haskell Dial, a citizen of South Carolina, to be an assistant John N. Ferguson. paymaster in the Navy from the 18th day of March, 1907, to fill Louis C. Farley. a vacancy existing in that grade on that date. Arthur C. Stott, ji·. Fred E. 1\Icl\Iillen, a citizen of Maryland, to be an assistant William S. McClintic, paymaster in the Navy f rom the 21st day of June, 1907, to fill Byron McCandless, a vacancy @Xisting in that grade on that date. Roscoe C. l\facFall, l\faurice H. Karker, a citizen of New York, to be an assistn.nt Turner F . Caldwell, paymaster in the Navy from the 7th day of July, 1907, to· fill a Bruce L. Canaga, vacancy existing in that grade on that date. Walter B. Woodso:q, Paymasters Barron P. DuBois and Harry E . Biscoe, witb the Charles H. Shaw, rank of lieutenant, to be paymasters in the Navy with the rank Edward L. McSheehy, of lieutenant-commander from the 1st day of July, 1907. Edmund S. Root, Asst. paymasters Gordon A. Helmicks, John 1\I. Hancock, Earl R. Shipp, Graham l\1. Adee, George R. Crapo, Thorn Williamson, jr., and Arthur B. Cook, William N. Hughes, with the rank of ensign, to be assistant Simeon B. Smith, paymasters in the Navy with the rank of lieutenant, junior Herbert E. Kays, grade, from the 2d day of May, 1907. · Louis P. Davis, Asst. Paymasters Howard H. Alkire, John N. Jordan, anrt Glenn 0. Carter, Harold W. Browning, with the rank of ensign, to be assistant Arthur W. Sears, paymasters in the Navy with the rank of lieutenant, junior George C. Pegram, grade, from the 1st day. of November, 1907. Harold G. Bowen, Chaplain Carroll Q. Wright, with the rank of commander, to Lucian Minor, be a chaplain in the Navy with the rank of captain from the George V. Stewart, 6th day of March, 1907, vice Chaplain Henry H. Clark, retired. Arthur K. Atkins, Chaplain Curtis H. Dickins, with the rank of lieutenant­ Isaac F . Dortch, commander, to be a chaplain in the Navy with .-the rank of com­ John A. Mandeville, mander from the 6th day of March, 1907, vice Chaplain Carroll Jonathan S. Do,vell, Q. Wright, promoted. Nelson H. Goss, Chaplain J ohn F. F_leming, with the rank of lieutenant, to be Coburn S. Marston, a chaplain in the Navy with the rank of lieutenant-commander Stanford C. Hooper, from the 6th day of March, 1907, vice Chaplain Curtis H. Dick­ Walter H. Lassing. ins, promoted. Edward · S. Robinson, Chaplain :Louis P . Reynolds, with the rank of lieutenant­ John 1\f. Poole, · commander, to be a chaplain iu the Navy with the rank of Harry E. Shoemaker, commander ii:om the 22d day of August, 1907, vice Chaplain Andrew F . Carter, Harry W. Jones, dismissed. Albert Norris, Chaplain Eugene E. McDonald, with the rank of lieutenant Theodore G. Ellyson, to be a chaplain in the N'avy with the rank of lieutenant: Grafton A. Beall, jr., commander, from the 22d day of August, 1907, vice Chaplain William T. Lightle, Louis P . Rennolds, promoted. · William L. Culbertson, jr., Herbert L. Rice, a citizen of Maryland, to be a professor of Hugh Brown, mathematics in the Navy from the 26th day of August 1907 Burton H. Green, to fill a vacancy existing in that grade on that date. ' ' Carl A. Lohr, Professors of Mathematics Harry E. Smith and Daniel · M. D uncan I Selfridge, Garrison, additional numbers in grade, and Milton Updegra ff, 1907. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD- SENATE. 105. with the rank of lieutenant, to be professors of mathematics March 3, 1904, to correct the date from which he takes rank as in the Navy with the rank of commander from the lOth day confirmed on January 13, 1005, of August, ~907, vice Professor of Mathematics Aaron N. Skin­ The above nominations are submitted to correct the date ner, retired. from which the officers take rank, in accordance with an Assistant Na·mi Constructors William G. DuBose and Ernest opinion of the Attorney-General, dated March 24, 1906 (25 Op., F. Eggert to be naval constructors in the Navy from the 1st 569) . day of July, 1907, upon the completion of eight years' service in First Lieut. Paul E. Chamberlin to be a captain in the present grade. Marine Corps from the 22d day of February, 1907, vice First I:.'nsigns John E. Otterson, Charles A. Harrington, and Her­ Lieut. Thomas A. Mott, retired. bert S. Howard, to be assistant naval constructors in the Navy Second Lieut. Edward B . Cole to be a first lieutenant in the from the 23d day of May, 1907, to fill vacancies existing in that Marine Corps from the 22d day of February, 1907, vice First grade on that date. Lieut. Paul E. Chamberlin, promoted. Naval Constructors William P. Robert, Thomas G. Roberts, Second Lieut. John Newton to be a first lieutenant in the and Laurence S. Adams, with the rank of lieutenant, to be naval Marine Corps from the 16th day of May, 1907, vice First Lieut. constructors in the Navy -with the rank of lieutenant-com­ Harvey C. Egan, resigned. mander from the 1st day of July, 1907. APPOINTMENTS IN THE 1\I.A.RINE CORPS. Asst. Civil Engineer Frederick H. Cooke to be a civil engi­ Ross E. Rowell, a citizen of Idaho, to be a second lieutenant neer in the Navy from the 26th day of November, 1906, vice in the Marine Corps from the 3d day of August, 1906, to fill Civil Engineer Mordecai T. Endicott, retired. a vacancy existing in that grade on that date. Midshipman Norman 1\f. Smith to be an assistant civil .engi­ The following-named citizens to be second lieutenants in the neer in the Navy from the 13th day of April, 1907, to fill a Marine Corps from tlle 14th day of March, 1907, to fill vacancies vacancy existing in that grade on that date. existing in that grade on that date : Leonard M. Cox, a citizen of Kentucky, to be a civil engi­ Harold H. Utley, a citizen of Illinois. neer in the Navy from tlle 16th of April, 1907, in accordance Howard C. J udson, a citizen of Massachusetts. with the provisions of an act of Congress approved March 4, Paul A. Capron, a citizen of Virginia. 1D07. Allen l\1. Sumner, a citizen of Massachusetts. Ensign Robert S. Furber to be an assistant civil engineer William F. Bevan, a citizen-Of Maryland. in the Navy from the 9th day. of May, 1907, to fill a vacancy John Potts, a citizen of Virginia. existing in that grade on that date. Edward P. Roelker, a citizen of the District of Columbia. The following-named boatswains to be chief boatswains in tile Edward A. Ostermann, a citizen of Ohio. NaYy from the dates set opposite their names, upon the com­ Edward S. Willing, a citizen of Pennsylvania. pletion of six years' service in present grade: Reginald F . Ludlow, a citizen of Wisconsin, to be a second Wi!liam Juraschka, from April 11, 1907, lieutenant in the Marine Corps from the 8th day of May, 1907, Gustav Sabel strom, from April 11, 1907, to fill a vacancy existing in that grade on that date. Gustav Freudendorf, from April 27, 1907, Robert E. Adams and Edwin N. McClelland, citizens of Penn­ Robert Rohange, from July 11, 1907, and sylvania, to be second lieutenants in the Marine Corps from the Joseph Clancey, from May 7, 1907. 18th day of June, 1907, to fill vacancies existing in that grade The following-named gum1ers to be chief gunners in the NaYy on that date. from the dates set opposite their names, upon the completion of Littleton W. T. Waller, a citizen of Virginia, to be a second six years' service in present grade : lieutenant in the Marine Corps, from the 17th day of September, Otto E. Reb., from August 1, 190H, 1907, to fill a vacancy existing in that grade on that date. Robert E. Cox, from April 11, 1907, POSTMASTERS. 1.'homas P. Clark, from April 11, 1907, ALA.B.UiA. . Harry A. Davis, from April 11, 1907, William G. Smith, from April 11, 1907, Joe S. Franklin to be postmaster at Alabama City, in the John J . Murray, from April 11, 1907, county of Etowah and State of Alabama. Office became Presi­ Bert E. Staples, from April13, 1907, and dential October 1, 1906. John T. Swift, from May 7, 1907. W. S. Mullins to be postmaster at Elba, in the county of Cof­ '.rhe following-named carpenters to be chief carpenters in the fee and State of Alabama. Office became Presidential January Navy from the dates se_t opposite their names, upon the comple­ 1, 1907. . - tion of six years' service in present grade. Cicero A. Ross to be postmaster at Good Water, in the county of Coosa and State of Alabama. Office became Presidential Walter W. Toles, from April 3, 1907, January 1, 1907. .William C. Hardie, from April 3, 1907, Dora G. Wendel to be postmaster at Tallassee, in the county Frederick W. Witte, from April 3, 1907, of Elmore and State of Alabama. Office became Presidential William F'. Hamberger, from April 3, 1907, Han:Y L. Demarest, from May 1, 1907, January 1, 1907. Charles S. Kendall. from May 1, 1907, William J. Leppert to be postmaster at Camden, in the county Joseph F. McCole, from 1\Iay•l, 1907, and of Wilcox and State of Alabama. Office became Presidential Thomas J. Logan, from May 1, 1907. January 1, 1907. Naval Consh·uctors Frank B. Zahm, Horatio G. Gillmor, and Clyde P. Loranz to be postmaster at Jackson, in the county Richard l\1. Watt to be naval constructors in the Navy, with the of Clarke and State of Alabama, in place of Joseph Loranz. rank of lieutenant-commander, from the 1st day of July, 1905, Incumbent's commission expired March 3, 1907. to correct the date from which they take rank as confirmed on Sidney J . Petree to be postmaster at Russellville, in the the 12th day of December, 1905. county of Franklin and State of Alabama, in place of Daniel V. Sevior, jr., removed. Paymaster Eugene D. Ryan to be a paymaster in the Navy, G. C. Thompson to be postmaster at Tuskegee, in the county with rank of lieutenant-commander, from the 1st day of July, of Macon and State of Alabama, in place of George W. Griffin, 1905, to con·_ect the date from which he takes rank, as confirmed jr., resjgned. on December 12, 1905. ALASKA. Surg. Joseph A. Guthrie, who was promoted to be a sur­ geon to fill a vacancy occurring on December 15, 1904, to take Frank J . Kolash to be postmaster at Nome, in the Territory rank as a surgeon in the Navy from January 31, 1901, in ac­ of Al~ska, in place of Frank W. Swanton, resigned. cordance with an opinion of the Attorney-General dated April AlUZONA. 24, 1006. Louisa Ferrall to be postmaster at Grand Canyon, in the Capt. John H. A. Day, who was promoted to be a captain in county of Coconino and Territory of Arizona, in place of J ohn the 1\Iarine Corps to fill a vacancy occurring on l\Iarch 6, 1904, G. Verkamp, failed to qualify. to have the rank of captain in the l\1arine Corps from March 3, ARKANSAS. 1904, to correct the date from which he takes rank, as confirmed Harry E. Courtney to be postmaster at Lake Village, in the on April 27, 1904. county of Chicot and State of Arkansas, in place of James A. Capt. William W. Low, who was promoted to be a captain in Maxwell, resigned. the Marine Corps to fill a vacancy occurring· on December 1, C. A. Dawson to be postmaster at Marked Tree, in the county 1904, to have the rank of captain in the Marine Corps from of Poinsett and State of Arkansas, in place of Ernest Ritter, March 3, 1904, to correct the date from which he takes rank resigned. as confirmed on January 13, 1905. Claude R. Ferguson to be postmaster at Huntington, in the Capt. Leof M. Harding, who was promoted to be a captain in county of Sebastian and State of Arkansas, in place of James the Marine Corps to fill a vacancy occurring on December 9, T. Reding, resigned. 1904, to have the . ra.uk of captain in the Marine Corps from Eva V. Moss to be postmaster a t Earl, in the county of Crit- 106 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEMBER 3, tenden and State of Arkansas, in place of Eva V. Harrington, IDAHO. name changed by marriage. Henry A. Brown to be postmaster at Shoshone, in the county T. B. Murphy to be postmaster at Alma, in the county of Of Lincoln and State of Idaho, in place of John M. Butler, Crawford and State of Arkansas. Office became Presidential resigned. January 1, 1907. Edward Waring to be postmaster at Emmett, in the county James H. Wright to be postmaster at Hartford, in the county of Qanyon and State of Idaho, in place of David E. Smithson, of Sebastian and State of' Arkansas, in place of James M. Hill, removed. jr., removed. ILLINOIS. CALIFORNIA. Henry C. Bothwell to be postmaster at Clay City, in the L. C. Edwards to be postmaster at Fullerton, in the county county of Clay and State of Illinois, in place of William S. of Orange and State of California, in place of Vivian Tresslar, Bothwell, removed. removed. Daniel A. Campbell to be postmaster at Chicago, in the C. 0. Gillette to be postmaster at Hemet, in the county of county-- of Cook and State of Illinois, in place of Fred A. Busse, Riverside and State of California, in place of William Brad­ resigned. ford, removed. John J. Carson to be postmaster at Melrose Park, in the Nettie L. Refton to be postmaster at Coalinga, in the county county of Cook and State of Illinois, in place of Thomas E. of Fresno and State of California, in place of Albert B. Hill, Burgoyne, resigned. deceased. Edwin P. Edsall to be postmaster at Grafton, in the county Otto Jensen to be postmaster at Rio Vista, in the county of of Jersey and State of Illinois, in place of George N. Slaten, Solano and State of California, in place of Ernest J. Foordj re­ resigned. moved. August Kalbitz to be postmaster at Red Bud, in the county Elbert S. Lamberson to be postmaster at Visalia, in the of Randolph and State of illinois, in place of William C. Rein... county of Tulare and State of California, in place of George F. ing, deceased. Beales, resigned. Joseph B. Messick to be postmaster at East St. Louis, in the Edgar W. Loyd to be postmaster at Portersville, in the county of St. Clair and State of Illinois, in place of Henry F. county of Tulare and State of California, in place of John w. Bader, resigned. Loyd, deceased. Samuel R. Thomas to be postmaster at Oblong, in the county Clarence S. Merrill to be postmaster at Berkeley, in the of Crawford and State of Illinois. Office became Presidential county of Alameda and State of California, in place of George April 1, 1907. Schmidt, removed. Frank A. Smith to be postmaster at Arcata, in the county of INDIANA. Humboldt and State of California, in place of Austin Wiley, William F. Bunnell to be postmaster nt Monticello, in the deceased. county of White and State of Indiana, 1n place of George W. H. R. WarneP- to be postmaster at Del Monte, in the county Van Alstine, resigned. of Monterey and State of California, in place of George P. James E. Carson to be postmaster at Hebron, in the county Snell, resigned. of Porter and State of Indiana, in place of John l\1. Morrow, George \V. Wentner to be postmaster at Weed, in the county resigned. of Siskiyou and State of California, in place of Charles E. Josephine B. Cox to be postmaster at Fowler, in the county oC Evans, resigned. Benton and State of Indiana, in place of Robert L. Cox, da. COLORADO. * ceased. H. J. Bostwick to be postmaster at Pagosa Springs, in the Cadmus E. Crabill to be postmaster at South Bend, in the county of Archuleta and State of Colorado, in place of Joseph county of St. Joseph and State of Indiana, in place of Demas T. Martinez. Incumbent's commission expired March 11, 1907. D. Bates, resigned. E. E. Fordham to be postmaster at Meeker, in the county of Thomas L. Dehority to be postmaster at Anderson, in the Rio Blanco and State of Colorado, in place of Frank E. Sheri­ county of Madison and State of Indiana, in place of Robert P. dan, resigned. Grimes, resigned. David F. Strain to be postmaster at Palisades, in the county Elmer E. Fornshell to be postmaster at Elwood in the county of Mesa and State of Colorado. Office became Presidential of Madison and State of Indiana, in place of Weldon A. Finch, January 1, 1907. resigned. CONNECTICUT. Elery B~ McDonald to be postmaster at Lagrange, in th~ Thomas S. Brown to be postmaster at East Hampton, in the county of ·Lagrange and State of Indiana, in place of Romie county of Middlesex and State of Connecticut, in place of Delos B. Dryer. Incumbent's commission expired April 22, 1906. D. Brown, deceased. Joseph W. Morrow to be postmaster at Charlestown, in the FLORIDA. county of Clark and State of Indiana, in place of Charles George A. Alba to be postmaster at St. Augustine, in the Schalk. Incumbent's commission ~xpired March 17, 1907. county of St. John and State of Florida, in place of Henry J. Wiltard Z. Smith to be postmaster at Churubusco, in tt~ Ritchie, deceased. county of Whitley and State of Indiana, in place of Virgil A. W. A. Allen to be postmaster at De Land, in the county of Geiger, resigned. Volusia and State of Florida, in place of John H. Hibbard, Frank Walsman to be postmaster at Batesville, in the county removed. · of Ripley and State of Indiana, in place of Frederick Schrader, John C. Beekman to be postmaster at Tarpon Springs, in the deceased. county of Hillsboro and State of Florida, in place of George F. Charle C. Weingart to be postmaster at KendallYille, in the Fernald, resigned. ' county of Noble and State of Indiana, in place of George P. Charles F. Haskins to be postmaster at Sanford, in the Alexander, removed. county of Orange and State of Florida, in place of Horace C. Robe C. White to be postmaster at l\Iun-cie, in the county of Whiteman, removed. Delaware and State of Indiana, in place of David A. Lambert, David P. Morgan to be postmaster at Perry, in the county of resigned. Taylor and State of Florida, in place of Thomas W. Lundy, IOWA. resigned. Charles W. Briggs to be postmaster at Sutherland, in the GEORGIA. county of O'Brien and State of Iowa, in place of Edna Chesley, William H. Carroll to be postmaster at La Fayette, in the removed. county of Walker and State of Georgia, in place of Richard 0. L. D. Curtis to be postmaster at Adair, in the county of Adair Rogers, removed. and State of Iowa, in place of William H. Crooks. Incumbent's William E. Dunham to be postmaster a:t Cochran, in the coiilmission expired January 22, 1007. county of Pulaski and State of Georgia, in place of Anna P. William Horsfall to be postmaster at George, in the county Grimsley, resigned. of Lyon and State of Iowa, in place of Luder D. Eilers, re­ Augusta Glover to be postmaster at Monticello, in the county signed. of Jasper and State of Georgia, in place of Edward Y. Swanson, U. G. Mauk to be postmaster at Tabor, in the county ot resigned. Fremont and State of Iowa, in place of Herbert W. Clark. In­ Mary C. Heinsohn to be postmaster at Sylvester, in the cumbent's commission expired December 17, 1906. county of Worth and State of Georgia, in place of Thomas K. Arthalinda Mills to be postmaster at Ossian, in the county Heinsohn, deceased. of Winneshiek and State of Iowa, in place of Charles J. Mills, William M. Wakeford to be postmaster at Adel, in the deceased. county of Berrien and State ot Georgia, in place of James M. Bruce ~. Mills to be postmaster at Woodbine, in the county Sutton, resigned. 1907. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. - of Harrison and State of Iowa, in place of Chester A. Van MASSACHUSETTS. Scoy, resigned. George T. Durfee to be postmaster at Fall RiYer, in the Frank Scammon to be postmaster at Northwood, in the county of Bristol and State of Massachusetts, in place of George county of Worth and State of Iown, in place of Walter Gillrup, A. Ballard, resigned. .. resign ell. Joseph F. Smith to be postmaster nt Enst Walpole, in the Howard L. Rann to be postmaster at Manchester, in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, in place of county of Delaware and State of Iowa, in place of Thomas W. William E. Freese, deceased. Summersides. Incumbent's commission expired March 5, 1!)06. Lester E. Libby, to be postmaster at South Hamilton (late Eugene Secor to be postmaster at Forest City, in the county \Vinham Depot), in the county of Essex and State of Massa­ of Winnebago and State of Iowa, in place of Joseph E. Howard. chusetts. Office became Presidential July 1, 1907, to change Incumbent's commission expired February 3, 1907. name of office. James H. Whetton to be postmaster at Needham Heights (late KANSAS. Highlandville), in the county of Norfolk and State of Massa­ w. H. Bondurant to be postmaster at Ness City, in the county chusetts, in place of James H. ·whetton, to change name of of Ness and State of Kansas, in place of Pearl E. Frayer, re­ office. signed. MICHIGAN. w. R. Childs to be postmaster at Kansas City, in the county Charles B. Collingwood to be postmaster at East Lansing of Wyandotte and State of Kansas, in place of Ulysses S. Sar­ (late Agricultural College), in the county of Ingham and State tin. Incumbent's commission expired April 24, 1906. of Michigan, in place of Charles B. Collingwood, to change name Thomas B. Evans to be postmaster at Scammon, in the of office. ,_ , · county of Cherokee and State of Kansas, in place of Peter Peter Johnson to be postmaster at Thompsonville, in the Graham, resigned. · county of Benzie and State of Michigan, in place of Isaac J. David D. Mcintosh to be postmaster at Marion, in the county Quick. Incumbent's commission expired January 20, 1906. of Marion and State of Kansas, in place of Orley C. Billings, . John C. Ketcham to be postmaster at Hastings, in the county resigned. of Barry and State of Michigan, in place of William R. Cook. Jesse L. Prichard to be postmaster at National Military Incumbent's commission expired February 11. 1907. Home, in the county of Leayenworth and State of Kansas, in Frederick A. Roethlisberger to be postmaster at Hillsdale, place of David J. Keller. Incumbent's commission expired in the county of Hillsdale and State of Michigan, in place of March 11, 1907. Edwin J . March. Incumbent's commission expired ·February John Q. Roberts to be postmaster at La Harpe, in the county 19, 1907. of Allen and State of Kansas, in place of Isaac S. Coe. Incum­ MINNESOTA. bent's commission expired February 24, 1907. Henry E. Hanson to be postmaster at Windom, in the county Clyde B. Scott to be postmaster at Greenleaf, in the county of of Cottonwood and State of Minnesota, in place of Archibald Washington and State of Kansas, in place of Simon Skovgaard, J. DeWolfe. Incumbent's commission expired February 9", 1907. resigned. L. D. Lammon to be postmaster at Bovey, in the county of Edward H. Wilson to be postmaster at Osawatomie, in the Itasca and State of Minnesota. Office became Presidential April county of Miami and State of Kansas, in place of John T. Wal- 1, 1U07. thall, resigned. . Peter Schaefer to be postmaster at Ely, in the county of Thomas J. Wright to be postmaster at Esbon, in the county of St. Louis and State of Minnesota, in place of William J. Cow­ Jewell and State of Kansas, in place of John M. McCammon, ling, resigned. resigned. George P. Tawney to be postmaster at Winona, ·in the county KENTUCKY. of Winona and State of Minnesota, in place of Frank E. Gart­ James N. Coffey to be postmaster at Columbia, in the county side. Incumbent's commission expired February 4, 1907. of Adair and State of Kentucky. Office became PresiQ.ential Abram L. Vanderpoel to be postmaster at Aurora, in the January 1, 1907. county of St. Louis and State of Minnesota. Office became · M usker L. Heavrin to be postmaster at Hartford, in the Presidential April 1, 1907. county of Ohio and State of Kentucky, in place of Woodbury MISS IS SIPPI, Tinsley. Incumbent's commission expired January 19, 1907. Vallie B. Alexander to be postmaster at Shaw, in the county Joseph Insko to be postmaster at Augusta, in the connty of of Bolivar and State of Mississippi, in place of Alma Stephens, Bracken and State of Kentucky, in place of Benjamin F. Ginn. resigned. Incumbent's commission expired January 13, 1906. Allen R. Frazier to be postmaster at Lexington,· in the William H. Turner to be postmaster at Middlesboro, in the county of Holmes and State of Mississippi, in place of DrewY county of Bell and State of Kentucky, in place of George W. W. Rhyne, removed. Albrecht. Incumbent's commission expired March 11, 1907. Ella M. Harper to be postmaster at Raymond, in the county Wallace R. Wood to be postmaster at Elkton, in the county of Hinds and State of Mississippi. Office becam-e Presidential of Todd and State of Kentucky, in place of Frank H. Bristow. April 1, 1907. Incumbent's commission expired January 19, 1907. James R. S. Pitts to be postmaster at Waynesboro, in the LOUISIANA. county of Wayne and State of Mississippi. Office became Mary N. Allen to be postmaste.r at Franklin, in the county of Presidential October 1, 1906. William D. McClellan to be postmaster at McHenry, in the St. Mary and State of Louisiana, in place of Carolin~ G. Lyman, resigned. county of Harrison and State of Mississippi, in place of Emma Charlton Fort to be postmaster at Minden, in the county of Harris, removed. Webster and State of Louisiana, in place of Edward E. Fitz­ Seaborn McDowell to be postmaster at Natchez, in the counts gerald, resigned. of Adams and State of Mississippi, in place of William T. Pierre Eloi Theriot to be postmaster at Covington, in the Martin, resigned. county of St. Tammany and State of Louisiana, in place of Urithon B. Parker to be postmaster at Wiggins, in the county of Harrison and State of Mississippi, in place of Henry E. Louise Alvarez, removed. Davis, resigned. MAINE. Edward N. Thompson to be postmaster at Brookhaven, in Ellery W. Wenhvorth to be postmaster at Winthrop, in the the county of Lincoln and State of Mississippi,. in place of county of Kennebec and State of Maine, in place of Elliott Wi1liam F. Jobes, resigned. Wood, deceased. Beatrice WilHams to be postmaster at Houston, in the county William I. Wood to be postmaster at Corinna, in the county of Chickasaw and State of Mississippi, in place of Rosa M. of Penobscot and State of .J\faine, in place of Will I. Burrill, Ruff, deceased. resigned. MISSOUlU. 1\IA.llYL.AN D. George H. Allen to be postmaster at Oregon, in the county of Samuel K. He'rr to be postmaster at Westminster, in the Holt and State of Missouri, in place of Thomas Curry, resigned. county of Carroll and State of Maryland, in place of George Elizabeth Cornwall to be postmaster at Rolla, · in the county E. Baughman. Incumbent's commission expired January 29, of Phelps and State of Missouri, in place of Edwin Long, re­ 1907. signed. McClellan C. Keefer to be postmaster at Union Bridge, W. G. Howard to be postmaster at Greenfield, in the county in the county of Carroll and State of Maryland, in place of of Dade and State of Missouri, in place of Robert P. Under­ Winfield S. \Volfe. Incumbent's commission expired March 2, wood. Incumbent's commission expired February 10, 1907. 1907. George P. Huckeby to be posbnaster at Rich Hill, in the 108 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. DECEJ\ffiER 3,

county of Bates and State of Missouri, in place of Jobn K. NEW MEXICO. Martin. Incumbent's commission expired January 22, 1907. John T. Bolton to be postmaster at Carlsbad, in the county Thomas H. Irwin to be postmaster at Green City, in the of Eddy and Territory of New Uexico, in place of Louis 0. Ful~ county of Sullivan and State of Missouri, in place of Jobn F. len, resigned. Jones, resigned. NEW YORK. MOKTA..>~;"A. John S. Clapp to be postmaster at Basin, in the county of Charles B. Bassett to be postmaster at Walton, in the county: Jelrerson and State of Montana, in place of Elmer II. Pond, of Delaware and State of New York, in place of Henry S. White remoyed. Incumbent's commission expired January 22, 1007. • W. L. Cronk to be postmaster at Townsend, in the county of Harry L. Becker to be postmaster at Little Falls in the Broadwater and State of Montana, in place of Peter .M. Warth­ county of Herkimer and State of New York, in place of Nelson ingham, resigned. E. Ransom. Incumbent's commission expired February 4, 19(}7. Malcolm Gillis to be postmaster at Butte, in the county of Chll;rles A. Beeman to be postmaster at Depew, in the county Silver Bow and State of .Montana, in place of George W. Irvin, of Ene and State of New York, in place of George A. Cotton, deceased. removed. George W. Hardin to be postmaster at White. Sulphur Samuel G. Cornish to be postmaster at Carmel, in the county Springs, in the county of Meagher and State of Montana, in of Putnam and State of New York, in place of E. E. Sprague, place of Julia A. Kline. Incumbent's commission expired Jan­ removed. uary 23, 1907. George H. Hager to be postmaster at Stamford, in the county Edwin W. Winn to be postmaster at Boulder, in the county of Delaware and State of New York, in place of John K .. Grant. of Jefferson and State of Montana, in place of Alonzo H. Foster, Incumbent's commission expired Mal'ch 3, 1!307. deceased. Hans C. . Hansen to be postmaster at Fishers Island, in the NEBJU.SKA.. county of Suffolk and State of New York, in place of George C. W. A. Danley to be postmaster at Chadron, in the county of Lane, resigned. Davies and State of Nebraska, in place of George A. Eckles, re­ . Willia~ Ingleby to be postmaster at Belfast, in the county of signed. Allegany and State of New Yo.l'k, in place of Volney I. Cook, E. F. Fassett to be postmaster at Arlington, in the county of deceased. 'Vashington and State of Nebraska, in place of Theodore A. Byron N. Marriott to be postmaster at Clyde, in the county of Gierens, resigned. 'Vayne nnd State .of New York, in place of George G. Roe. In· Ethel·Hopkins to be postmaster at Oakland, in the countv of curnbeut's commission expired March 2, 1907. Burt and State of Nebraska, in place of William W. Hopkins, Edward 1\1. 1\!organ to be postmaster at New York, in the deceased. · county of New York and State of New York, in place of William Clayton Kellam to be postmaster at Franklin, in the county R. Willcox, resigned. of Franklin and State of Nebraska, in place of William H. Walter N. Pike to be postmaster at Floral Park, in the county Austin, resigned. of ... Tassau and State of New York, in place of Arthur H. Gold­ Edw:ard H. Uack to be postmaster at Bancroft, in the county smith, resigned. of Cuming and State of Nebraska, in place of Edmund J. Burke, Frank .1\1. Potter to be postmaster at Chautauqua, in the resigned. county of Chautauqua and State of New York, in place of Wil­ Robert J. Marsh to be postmaster at O'Neill, in the county of liam J. Cornell. Incumbent's commission expired May 27, 1906. H!Jlt and State of Nebraska, in place of Dennis H. Cronin. In­ Thomas G. Ross to be postmaster at Watervliet, in the county C'UJllbent's commission expired February 28, 1907. of Albany and State of New York, in place of Charles H. McOm· Wallace T. Morse to be postmaster at Friend, in the county ber, deceased. of Saline and State of Nebraska, in place of Caroline A. Blanche 1\1. Smith to be postmaster at Franklinville, in the McDougall. resigned. county of Cattaraugus and · State of New York, in place of Frank H. Taylor to be postmaster at Table Rock, in the James H. Smith, deceased. county of Pawnee and State of Nebraska, in place of Jessie w. John S. Van Orden to be postmaster at Spring Valley, in the Phillips, resigned. county of Rockland and State of New York, in place of David Thomas Wright to be postmaster at Ansley, in the county of C. Inglis, removed. - Custer and State of Nebraska, in place of Thomas T. Varney, Samuel H. Williams to be postmaster at Frankfort, in the resigned. county of Herkimer and State of New York, in place of Marcus NElVAPA. L. Wood. Incumbent's commission expired May 27, 1906.

W. S . .Johnson to be postmaster at Manhattan, in the county ORTll CAROLlN~. of Nye and State of Ne\ada. Office beca!lle Presidential .April William H. Co:'( to be postmaster at Laurinburg, in the county 1, 1907. of Scotland and State of North Carolina, in place of William M. J. Moore to be postmaster at :{thyolite, in the county of H. Cooper. Incumbent's commission expired 1\Iarch 3, 1907. Nye and State of Nevada. Office became Presidential October Thomas H. Dickens to be postmaster at Enfield, in the county 1, 1006. of Halifax and State of North Carolina, in place of Elijah C. J. W. Stewart to be postmaster at Tonopah, in the county of Shearin. Incumbent's commission expired December 20, 1906. Nye and State of Nevada, in place of Leo L. Mushett, resigned. Robert B. Douglas to be postmaster at Greensboro, in the NEW HAMPSHIRE. county of Guilford and State of North Carolina, in place of Alpheus L. Faunce to be postmaster at Somersworth, in the Tyre Glenn. Incumbent's commission expired February 18 county of Strafford and State of New Hampshire, in place of ffi~ , Prescott B. Kinsman, removed. Willis P. Edwards to be postmaster at Franklinton, in the Clarence N. Garvin to be postmaster at Derry (late West county of Franklin and State of North Carolina. Office became Derry), in the county of Rockingham and State of New Hamp­ Presidential .January 1, 1906. shire, in place of Clarence N. Garvin, to change name of office. Thomas L. Green to be postmaster at ·waynesville, in the NJ'JW JERSEY. county of Haywood and State of North Carolina, in place of George Vir. Branin to be postmaster at :Millville, in the county John E. Crymes. Incumbent's commission expired 1!--.ebruary of Cumberland and State of New Jersey, in place of Thomas F. 12, 1907. Austin, deceased. S• .M. Hambrick to be postmaster at Hickory, in the county Joseph E. Fulper to be postmaster at Washington, in the of Catawba and State of North Carolina, in place of Columbus county of Warren and State of New Jersey, in place of Oscar F. Blalock. Incumbent's commission expired January 13, 1907. J effery. Incumbent's commission expired March 2, 1907. Charles A. Jonas to be postmaster at Lincolnton, in the George E. Kessler to be postmaster at .Millburn, in the county county of Lincoln and State of North Carolina, in place of of Essex and State of New Jersey, in place of Caroline E. Con­ Franklin A. Barkley, removed. dit, resigned. .J. R. Joyce to be postmaster at Reidsville, in the connty of 0. C. w. Lang to be postmaster at Bayonne, in the county of Rockingham and State of North Carolina, in place of James F. Hudson and State of New Jersey, in place of Edwin Cadmus, Wray. Incumbent's commission expired February 18, 1906. deceased. William J. Leary, sr., to be postmaster at Edenton, in the William R. Poe to be postmaster at Glenridge, in the county county of Chowan and State of North Carolina, in place of of Essex and State of New Jersey, in place of Thomas Moritz. Leroy L. Brinkley, resigned. resigned. · W. Eugene :Miller to be postmaster at Lenoir, in the county James E. Taylor to be postmaster at Cape JI.Iay, in the county of· Caldwell and State of North Carolina, in place of Thomas of Cape 1\Iay and State of New Jersey, in place of William F. F. Seehorn, removed. Williams, resigned. John. R. Mobley to be postmaster at Williamston, in the OONGRESSIONAL RECORD---SENATE,. 109 county of Martin and State of North Carolina, in place of George W. White to be postmaster at Uhrichsville, in the Joseph 1\1. Sitterson, remOTed. cormty of Tuscarawas and Sta-te of Ohio, 1n place of 'William Frank Roberts to be 'postmaster at !\'Iarsb:aU, in the county .H. Stoutt. Incumbent'.s com.ruission e:x:pb·ed March 3, 1907. of Madison and State of North Carolina. Office became Presi­ Hem!y S. Winsp-er to be postmaster at East Palestine, in the dential January 1, 1907. county of Columbiana and State of Ohio, in place .of George B . .John B. Spence to be postmaster -at Charlotte, in the reounty ..Alaback. lnclllllbent's .co.mmission exp.ir.ed .March ;a, 1907. of 1\lecklen:burg and State of North Oarolina, in place of Robert OliLA.HOMA. W. Smith. Incumbent's commission expired March a, 1907. H. .J. Whitt to he postmaster at .Roxboro, in the county of Frances K. Ahern to be postmaster at Frederick, in the Person and State of North Carolina, in pla-ce of William H. county of Comanche and State -of Oklahoma, in place -Qf George Long. Incumbent's commission expired Janrnu-y ..19, 19(}7. A. Ahern, resigned. . George C. B.arber to be postmaster at Pra:gue, in the county NOP.TH DAKOTA. -Qf Lincgln and State of Oklahoma, in place of David Barrett, Minnie M. Luce to be postmaster at Hope, in the county .of resigned . .Steele and .state of North Dakota, in place~ Mary A. :Milligan, Lyman F. Beard to be postmaster at Madill, in the countY of ie.moved. · Mru·shall and State -of Dklnhoma, in place of Richard H. Eyer­ John McC. McMaster to be postmaster .at Lakota, in the ett. Incumbent's commission expired December 15, 1906. eounty of Nelson and State of North Dakota, in place of Fred­ Harry S. Bockes to be postmaster at Duncan, in the county erick L. Johnson, remevro. of stephens and State of Oklahoma, in .Place of James E. El­ George B. Mansfield to be pestmaster :at l\IcHency, ill the liott, resigned. .county of Foster and State of North Dakota, in place .of .Fran­ Harry C. Clark to be _postmaster at .McAlester (late South rcis R. Cruden, resigned. McAlester), in the county of Pittsburg and State of Ok1ahom.a, L. J. Ransier to be postmaster at Cando, in the county Qf in place of William Noble, to change name -Q.f office. in iF. Towner and State of North Dakota, place of .Albert Hill, C. H. Eldred to be postmaster at Alva, in the county of deceased. .Andrew Thompson to be postmaster at Kensal, in the county Woods .an.d State .()f Oklahoma, in place of William C. Douglass. of Stutsman and State of North Dakota, in place .of Otto E. Incumbent's commission expired January 21, 1.906. Holmes, resigned. George W. Ferguson to be postmaster at Watonga, in the M. W. Woodworth to be postmaster at Wilton, in the county county of. Blaine and Sta-te of Oklahoma in place of Harrison o'f McLean arrd State of N-Qrth Dakota, in place .()f Phi.l.ip K . Br.own. Incumbent's commission -expired AJ:u·il 22, 1_'9()6. Eastman, :resigned. C. S. -Gillette to be ;po:stmaster at Hobart, in the eoun.ty of OHIO. Kiowa and State of Oklahoma, in place of Willie 1\1. English. Incumbent's commission expired December 20, 1906. Charles E . .Albright to be postmaster :at Eaton, in the county Cyrms Howenstine te be postmaster at Arapaho, in the county of Preble and State of Ohie, in place of J'ohn W. Ammerman. of Custer and State of Oklahoma, in place {)f Jesse W. Lawton. Incumbent's commission expired February ·2, 1907. Incumbent's commission expired June 30, 1906. Charles R. Austin to be postmaster at Byesville, in the county of Guernsey and State ()f Ohio, in place of David S. Burt. 0. F. Mason to be postmaster at Afton, in the county of Ot­ Incumbent's commission expired April 18, 1906, ta-wa and State of Oklahoma, in. place of FrederickS. Walker, William T. Cole to be postmaster at Leipsic, in the county of resigned. Putnam and State of Ohio, in place of Henry S. Enck, resigned. John L. Morgan to be postmaster at Waurika~ in the -county of John H. Culhan to be postmaster at Washington Court House, Comanche -and State o0f Oklahoma. Office became P1.·esidential in the co.unty of Fayette and State of Ohio, in place of Joseph January 1, 1907. G. Gest. Incumbent's commission ex-pired February 4, 1007. Walter I. Reneau to be postmaster at Tulsa, in tbe cotmty of ·william E. Halley to be -postmaster ut GreenYille, in the Tuls-a -and State of Oklahoma, in place of Jf-Qhn D. Seaman, :eounty of Darke and State of Ohio, in place of Alonzo L. Jones. deceased. Incumbent's commission expired June 30, i906. .Albert S. Yat-es to be postmaster at Texhoma, in the county ,of George H. Lewis to be postmaster at Bluffton, in the county of Beav-er and State .()f Oklahoma. Office became Presidential .Allen and State of Ohio, in place of Russell B. Day. Incum­ J"uly 1, 1907. bent's commission expired March 3, 1907. J. S. West to be postmaster at Willston, in the county of Lin­ Da-rid C. Mahon to be postmaster at Dennison, in the county coln and State of Oklahoma, in place of Thomas D. Craddock, of Tuscarawas and State of Ohio, in place of William A. Pitten­ ~~~ . . . ger. Incumbent's commission expired March 3, 1907. OREGON. Charles B. Marble to be postmaster at Bedford, in the county Edwin S. A.bbott to be postmaster at Seaside, in the county of of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, in place of Eliza B. Loekwood, Clatsop and State of Oregon. Office became Presidential July resigned. ~. 1.907. W. A. Morrison to be postmaster at Struthers, 1n the county Lucien R. Farris to .be postmaster at Rainier, in the county of Mahoning and State of Ohio, in place of Artlmr H. Lyon. of Columbia and State of Oregon. Office became Presidential .Incumbent's commission expired November 19, 1!)07~ October 1, 1906. John K~ Niesz to be postmaster at Maumee, in the county of Henry B. Stew.ard to be postmaster at :Myrtle Point, 'in th I .. ucns and State of Ohio, in place of David H. Perrin, remoYed. county of Harney and State of Oregon, in place of August H. Lee G. Pennock to be postmaster at Urbana, in the county of Bender. resigned . .Champaign .and State of Ohio, in place of Roger H. Murphy. PENNSYLVANIA. Incumbent's commission expired March 13, 1!)07. Clifford N. Quirk to be postmaster at Chardon, in the county Charles 0. Craig to be postmaster at Vandergrift Heights, of Geauga and State of Ohio, in place of Richard King. In­ in the county of Westmoreland and State of Pennsyh·ania. cumbent's commission expired December 20, 1006. Office became Presidential July 1, 1.907. n. A. Shafer to be postmaster at Navarre, in the county of Jo11n S. Edm1mdson to be postmaster at Duquesne, in the Stark and State of Ohio. Office became Presidential April 1, county of .Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, in place of James Bickerton, resigned. 1907. Charles L. Thompson to be postmaster at Georgetown, in the Robert Campbell to be postmaster at Eddystone, in the county county of Brown and State of Ohio, in place of Mary L. Thomp­ of Delawa1·e .and St..'l.te of Pennsylvania, in place of John W. son. Incumbent's commission expired March 3, 1907. ·Armstrong. Incumbent's commission expired January 26, 1907. Helen M. Vincent to be postmaster at Hiram, in the county John N. Dearsam to be postmaster at McKeesport, in the .of Portage and State of Ohio, in place of George R. Vincent, county uf .Allegheny .and State of Pennsylvania, in place of deceased. William V. Campbel1. Incumbent's commission expired Uarch Cary A. Watts to be .postmaster at Peebles, in the county of 2, 1D07. Adams and State of Ohio, in place of Edward L. Watts, Edward B. Farr to be postmaster at Tunkhannock, in the resigned. county of Wyoming and State of Pennsylv:mia, in place of John F. Wetherill to be postmaster at Spencerville, in the George S. Baldwin. Incumbent's commission expired February county of Allen and State of Obio, in place of Harry M. Ashton. 5, 1907. Incumbent's commission expired 1\Iarch 3, 1D07. Thomas F. Heffernan to be postmaster a.t Wilkes--Barre, 1n Chnrles R. White to be postmaster at 1Uillersburg, in the the county of I~uzerne and State of Pennsylvania, in place of county of Holmes and State of Ohio, in place of James W. Jacob D. Laciar, deceased. Hull. Incumbent•s commission expired. March 3, 1907. Martin L. Hershey to be postmaster at Hershey, in the county 1110 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD- SENATE . DEOEl\ffiER 3,

of Dauphin and State of Pennsylvania. Office became Presi­ 0 . H . Whitney to be postmaster at Cookeville, in the county dential July 1, 1907. of Putnam and State of Tennessee, in place of Lewis J . Garner, John A. Leap to be postmaster at Lilly, in the county of removed. Cambria and State of Pennsylvania, in place of Francis A. TEXAS. Thompson, resigned. Samuel 0. McCormick to be postmaster at New Salem, in the J. D. Anderson to be postmaster at Miles Station, in the county of Fayette and State of Pennsylvania, in place of Joseph county of Runnels and State of Texas. Office became Presi­ T. Russell, resigned. dential January 1, 1906. John H. McDermott to be postmaster at McKees Rocks, in Otis T. Bacon to be postmaster at Wichita Falls, in the county of Wichita and State of Texas, in place of Henry T. the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania~ in place of Canfield, removed. Charles Sutter, remo"Ved. Effie J. Cochran to be postmaster at Marble Falls, in the William ·w. McQuown to be postmaster at Mahaffey, in the county of Burnet and State of Texas,- in place of William P . county of Clearfield and State of Pennsylvania, in place of Cochran, r esigned. Orawford H. McGee, removed. Charles W. Burr to be postmaster at Eagle Pass, in the county Eliza Mitchell to be postmaster at Spangler, in the county of of Maverick and State of Texas, in place of Erwin W. Owen. Cambria and State of Pennsylvania, in place of Eliza Kirkpat- I ncumbent's commission expired February 28, 1907. rick, name changed by marriage. . John S. Edmundson to be postmaster at :Mount Pleasant, in W. E. Moody to be postmaster at Tremont, in the county of the cotmty of Titus and State of Texas, in place of William T. Schuylkill and State of Pennsyl"Vania, in place of Joseph Moody, Black. Incumbent's commission expired January 20, 1907. deceased. James S. Evans, sr., to be postmaster at Livingston, in Sarah V. Patton to be postmaster at Aliquippa, in the county the county of Polk and State of Texas, in place of Tah-us D. of Beaver and State of Pemisylvania. Office became Presi­ Wilson, resigned. ·. dential July 1, 1907. G. R. Goldbeck to be ·postmaster at Uvalde, in the county of Charles Wolfenden to be postmaster at Shericlanville, in the Uvalde and State of Texas, in place of David W. Barnhill, county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, in place of resigned. William F. Heidenreich, resigned. James W. Griffin to be postmaster at West, in the county of SOUTH CAROLINA. .McLennan and State of Texas, in place of Lida T . Robinson, resigned. R . C. Gettys to be postmaster at Blacksburg, in the cotmty of Fred W. Guffy to be postmaster at Belton, in the county of Cherokee and State of South Carolina. Office became Presi­ Bell and State of Texas, in place of William H. Harvey, dential January 1, 1907. resigned. George H. Huggins to be postmaster at Columbia, in the Dallas Harbert to be postmaster at Commerce, in the county county of Richland and State of South Carolina, in place of of Hunt and State of Texas, in place of Charles W. Rush. In­ Joshua F . Ensor, deceased. cumbent's commission expired March 31, 1902. SOUTH DAKOTA. Louis Elmer Hill to be postmaster at Alvarado, in the county of Johnson and State of Texas, in place of Joseph B. Camp­ William P. Antrim to be postmaster at Montrose, in the bel1, resigned. county of McCook and State of South Dakota, in place of John W. H. Hoffman to be postmaster at Waco, in the county of W. Walsh, removed. McLennan and State of Texas, in place of William A. Stoner. J. R. Calder to be postmaster at Edgemont, in the county of Incumbent's commission expired February 18, 1907. Fall River and State of South Dakota, in place of James A . . Oscar Hunt to be postmaster at Canyon, in the county of Stewart, resigned. Randall and State of Texas, in place of Bayles E. Cobb. In­ John D. Fargo to be postmaster at Redfield, in the county of cumbent's commission expired January 20, 1907~ Spink and State of South Dakota, in place of Frank S. Myers. Everet Johnson to be postmaster at Jacksboro, in the county Incumbent's commission expired June 30, 1906. of Jack and State of Texas, in place of Jeannette D. :McConnell. Robert E. Grimshaw to be postmaster at Deadwood, in the Incumbent's commission expired January 23, 1904. county of Lawrence and State of South Dakota, in place of Henry Jones to be postmaster at Silsbee, in the- county of Willis H. Bonham. Incumbent's commission expired December Hardin and State of •re..xas. Office becam~ Presidential April 1, 20, 1906. 1907. Leonard T. Hoaglin to be postmaster at Platte, in the county Arthur P. McCauley to be postmaster at Sabinal, in the of Charles Mix and State of South Dakota, in place of· Charles county of Uvalde and State of Texas, in place of Abel J. Dur­ W. Anderson. Incumbent's commission expired June 27, 1906. ham, resigned. Fred Huston to be postmaster at Gregory, in the county of J. V. McManis to be postmaster at Baird, in the county of Gregory and State of South Dakota. Office became Presiden­ Callahan and State of Texas, in place of William McManis, tial July 1, 1907. deceased. Allen M. Nixon to be postmaster at Milbank, in the county of Lam·a Martin to be postmaster at Bonham, in the county of Grant and State of South Dakota, in place of William W. Fannin and State of Texas, in place of Harry Martin, deceased. Downie. Incumbent's commission expired February 19, 1907. Allen Mills to b.e postmaster at Jewett, in the county of Leon William H. Ochsner to be postmaster at Chamberlain, in the and State of Texas. Office became Presidential January 1, county of Brule and State of South Dakota, in place of Thomas 1907. \ A. Stevens. Incumbent's commission expired February 13, 1906. R. B. MiHi.ken to be postmaster at We.:'ltherford, in the county Frank Smith to be postmaster at Sturgis, in the county of of Parker and State of Texas, in place of Charles C. Littleton, Meade and State of South Dakota, in place of John C. McMil­ resigned. · lan, resigned. E. A. Potts to be postmaster at Caldwell, in the county of James E. WeDs to be postmaster at Mitchell, in the county of Burleson and State of Texas, in place of John S. Snook, re- Davison and State of South Dakota, in place of Harry L. Bras. signed. · Incumbent's commission expired June 2, 1906. W. J. Scott to be postmaster at Denison, in the county of Grayson and State of Texas, in place of William M. Nagle, TENNESSEE. removed. J. A. Holderman to be postmaster at Covington, in the county Sloan Simpson to be postmaster at Dallas, in the county of of Tipton and State of Tennessee, in place of Joseph Marks, re: Dallas and State of Texas, in place of William A. o ·Lea'ry, moved. deceased. John W. Jackson to be postmaster at Columbia, in the county Clarence Smith to be postmaster at Hereford, in the connty of Maury and State of Tennessee, in place of Archelaus M. of Deaf Smith and State of Texas, in place of William J . Hughes, removed. . Walters, removed. · Jettie Lee to be postmaster at ~ewport, in the county of N. D. Smith to be postmaster at Dublin, in the county of Cocke and State of •.rennessee, in place of Haynes 0. Lee, de­ Erath and State of Texas, tn place of Henry H. Andrew, re­ ceased. moved. John T. Moore to be postmaster at Jellico, in the county of H. 0.· Stansbury to be postmaster at Rosebud, in the county Campbell and State of Tennessee, in place of William 0. Doug­ of Falls and State of Texas, in place of Harvey H. Twyman, las, deceased. removed. Leonidas T. Reagor to be posbnaster at Shelbyville, in the Effie Walton to be postmaster at Walnut Springs, in the county of Bedford and State of Tennessee, in place of James county of Bosque and State of Texas, in place of Robert H . H . Neil, jr. Incumbent's commission expired June 30, 1906. Walton, deceased. 1907. CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE. Ill

J. S. Wells to be postmaster at Bowie, in the county ot HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Montague and State of Texas, in place of William C. Slilith, remoYed. TuESDAY, December 3, 1907. VIRGINIA. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Alexander -n-·. Harrison to be postmaster at Lawrenceville, Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. HE~Y N. CoUDEN, D. D. in the county of Brunswick and State of Virginia, in place of The Journal of the proceedln.gs of yesterday was read and Mary D. Jones. Incumbent's commission expired March 16, approved. 1907. REPORT OF COMMITTEE TO WAIT ON THE PRESIDENT. Annie G. Hogshead to be postmaster at Gordonsville, in the 1\Ir. PAYNE, Mr. TAWNEY, and Mr. WILLIAMS, the com­ county of Orange and State of Virginia, in place of Annie G. mittee appointed to wait on the President and notify him that a Davenport, name changed by marriage. quorum of the two Houses has assembled and that Congress John C. Tucker to be postmaster at National Soldiers Home, is ready to receive any commnnication he may be pleased to in the county of Elizabeth City and State of Virginia, in place make, appeared at the of the House. of Herbert D. Woodfin, resigned. bru.· l\Ir. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, the committee appointed by the WASB:INGTOY. House to join a similar committee on the part of the Senate, Margaret Harney to be postmaster at Georgetown, in the to wait upon the President of the United States and inform him county of King and State of Washington. Office became Presi­ that the two Houses have assembled and that a quorum of each House is present, and that they are ready to proceed to busi­ dential October 1, 1906. Ralph L. Philbrick to be postmaster at Hoquiam, in the ness and to recei\e any communication which he may be county of Chehalis and State of Washington, in place of George ple.ased to make, beg leave to report that they have performed that duty, and the President replies that he will at once send W. France, deceased. a me.ssage in writing. Edson S. Phipps to be postmaster at ~fount Vernon, in the county of Skagit and State of Washington, in place of George E. GREETINGS FROM OKLAHOMA. Hartson, resigned. The SPEAKER. The Chair has a communication which L. C. Weik to be postmaster at Odessa, in the county of Lin­ would ordinarily go through the box, but if there be no objec­ coln and State of Washington, in place of Rfchard Conne11, tion the Chair will lay it before the House. It is a communi­ resigned. cation from the president of the senate and the speaker of the WEST VIRGINIA. house of the Oklahoma legislature. Henry N. Bradley to be postmaster at Charlestown, in the The Clerk read as follows: countv of Jefferson and State of West Virginia, in place of GUTHRIE, OKLA., December 2, 1901. !Ion. JOSEPH G. CANNON, George Porterfield, deceased. Speaker of the House, Washington, D. a.: S. S. Buzzerd to be postmaster at Berkeley Springs, in the Oklahoma's first State legislature, just organized, Inspired by the county of l\1organ and State of West Virginia, in place of Wil­ fond reality of local self-government, sends greeting to the Sixtieth liam H. Somers. Incumbent's commission expired December Con<>Tess of the greatest nation on earth and conveys to her sister Stutes a message of progress and prosperity and loyal devotion to the 15, 1!306. - Union and the common good. Romeo H. Freer to be postmaster at Harrisville, in the GEO. W. BELLAMY, county of Ritchie and State of West Virginia, in place of J. ·w. President of the Senat~. w. H. :MURRAY, Fiddler, decea&ed. Speaker of the House ot Representatives. George D. Goshorn to be postmaster at Piedmont, in the [Applause]. county of Mineral and State of. West Virginia, in place of James F. Harrison. Incumbent's commission expired February SWE~NGIN W MEMEEM. 10, 190G. . Mr. Watson of Indiana and Mr. Marshall of North Dakota. Ernest L. Lo\e to be postmaster at Grafton, in the county appeared at the bar of the House, and the Speaker administered of Taylor and State of West Virginia, in place of Franklin B. to them the oath of office. Blue, deceased. . LEA\"'E OF ABSENCE. Charles W. Marple to be postmaster at Gassaway, in the By unanimous consent leave of absence was granted to Mr. county of Braxton and State of West Virginia. Office became MEYER indefinitely on account of sickness. Presidential April 1, 1907. Thomas E. Pownall to be postmaster at Romney, in the MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE. county of Hampshire and State of West Virginia, in place of A message from the Senate, by l\fr. PARKINSON, its reading Alice Keller. Incumbent's commission expired February 26, clerk, ann{)unced that the Senate had pas~ the following reso­ 1907. lutions: T. K. Scott to be postmaster at Beckley, in the county of Resolved, That the. Senate has heard with profound sorrow the an­ Raleigh and State of West Virginia, in place of Thomas J. nouncement of the death of Hon. GEoRGE W. SMITH_. late a Representa- Honnker, removed. tive from the State of Illinois. .. Rcsoh;ed, Tbat a committee of three· Senators be appointed by the WISCONSIN. Vice-l'resident to join a committee appointed on the part of the House of Representatives to take order for superintending the funeral of the Herman Anderson to be postmaster at Phillips, in the county dece:tsed. U csolvcd, That the s~cretary communicate these resolutions to the of Price and State of Wisconsin, in place of E. D. Sperry, re- Honse of Representatives. moved. · Resolvecl, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the Myra W. Blanding to be postmaster at St. Croix Falls, in deceased the Senate do now adjourn. . the county of Polk and State of Wisconsin, in place of Cyrus And that in compliance with the foregoing the Vice-President D. Emery, r esigned. .. had appointed as said committee Mr. HoPKIN"S, Mr. HEMENWAY, John C. Kinsman to be postmaster at .Manawa, in the co1mty and :\1r. :\1c0RE.ARY. of Waupaca and State of Wisconsin, in place of Christian D. Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House take a Dick, resigned. recess until 12.30 o'clock. WYOMING. The motion was agreed to; accordingly the House was in re­ cess from 12.15 p. m. until 12.30 o'clock p. m. H. A. Bucher to be postmaster at Lander, in the county o.f Fremont and State of Wyoming, in place of Newton H. Brown, AFTER THE RECESS. resigned. The recess having expired, the House was called to order by Edward Redmond to be postmaster at Sunrise, in the county the Speaker. of Laramie and State of Wyoming, in place of Harry A. Thomp­ MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. son, resigned. A message in writing from the President of the United States was commnnicated to the House of Represent:l.tives by CONFIRMATION. Mr. LATTA, one of his secretaries. The SPEAKER laid before the House the annual message .Executive nomination oonjirmecl b1J tlle Senate December 3, 19fY'I. from the President of the United Sta.tes, which was read by the Clerk. ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSIONER. [For message see Sennte proceedings of this day.] Joseph c. s. Blackburn, of Kentucky, to be .a member of the The Clerk concluded the reading of the message at thirteen Isthmian Canal Commission. minutes past 3_