tJ .. " fP " ,, r' 'I. '' '' '/ t''· ., Our Cover: Columbus's Landing, October 12, 1492

On June I 0, 1800, Philadelphia ceased to be the seat of government, a role it had occupied since Congress moved there from New York in 1790, and on November I 7, 1800 Congress opened its first session in its new Capitol in the special federal district on the Potomac The sculptural Columbus of our national memorial gazes over the heads of today's audience directly on that Capitol.

Our cover fittingly celebrates this year's bicentennial of the US Capitol by reproducing one of the most prominent Columbus-related works of art in that building rich in a11istic tributes to Columbus, John Vanderlyn's "Landing of Columbus at the Island ofGuanahani, West Indies, October 12, 1492."

This magnificent painting, 12 feet high and 18 feet wide, is in the Rotunda. just inside the famous Columbus Doors of the main entrance. On pages 4 and 5 of this booklet we reproduce a more complete description of the cover painting, taken from the book Columbus in the Capitol, Commemorative Quincentenary Edition, Government Printing Office, I 992, which also describes and illustrates many other works of art related to Columbus that can be found in the Capitol and the Library of Congress .

To the left in the picture (see our back cover) can be seen the captains of the Nina and the Pinta, the brothers Martin Alonzo and Vincente Yanez Pinzon, each holding the banner of Ferdinand and Isabella (Ysabela), now often CHRISTOPHER._,COL"tJMBUS called the Expeditionary Banner. A replica of the banner plays a prominent part in our ceremonies, leading the wreath-presenters each year. More information about it can be found on page 8. Arriving back from his third vo yage in 1500 The Association acknowledges with appreciation the generosity of the Columbus reportedly dre w the map depicted above Lido Civic Club in underwriting the expense of printing the cover. of the "ne w la nds" of the west further convincing the world of his navigational a chievements.

A HA PPY COLUMBUS D AY TO ALL!

Dr. a nd Mrs. David R. Curfman Application for Membership THE NATION'S CAPITAL in the National Columbus Celebration Association CELEBRATES508YEARS OF DISCOVERY The Association seeks to honor not only the memory of Columbus and his historic achievements in linking the Old World and the New, but also the higher values that motivated and sustained him in 1 his efforts and his trials. Those virtues - faith in God, the courage of his convictions, dedication to purpose, perseverance in effort, professional l\. excellence, and boldness in facing the unknown - are as needed today \~ and in the future. The Association invites individuals and organizations who identify with our purposes to join with us by filling out the application below and sending it to the address given Membership includes a gold plated membership pin, a personal colorful certificate with beribboned seal, suitable for framing, an invitation to the annual meeting with the right to vote, minutes, newsletters, and your name listed in the program published for the annual celebration.

Annual membership dues are (please check appropriate box) (Please print name clearly as you wish it to appear on the certificate)

Business or professional and Non-profit, patriotic, fraternal .. .. $ 75.00 Individual...... $ 25.00

Nrune ...... Photograph courtesy of Terry J. Adams, Photographer, National Park Service

Address ...... HONORING THE GREAT City ...... State ...... Zip ...... DISCOVERER Telephone ...... CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Please fill out the application, cut or tear along the line indicated, and send with your check made payable to: "NCCA" MONDAY OCTOBER 9, 2000 N. C. C. A. /NIAF Building 1860 Nineteenth St NW Washington DC 20009 THE COLUMBUS MEMORIAL COLUMBUS PLAZA- UNION STATION, WASHINGTON, D.C.

72 Christopher Columbus: Man of the Millennium CONGRATULATIONS NATIONAL COLUMBUS With the Third Millennium less than 100 daY.s away, it is appropriate here to CELEBRATION ASSOCIATION r~rint the resolution regarding the cardinal role of Columbus in the history "b the Second Millennium that was adopted bJl the general membership ofthe Columbus Day October 9, 2000 ashington Columbus Celebration on June 8, 1997, the 85th anniversary of' the dedication ofthe Columbus Memorial. Daniel L. Quaid, Jr. The New World explorations of Christopher Columbus cut across the exact Former Master middle ofthe SecondMillennium, like a watershed sharply dividing it into two Virginia District quite different halves. While his accomplishments thus divided time, they united space, bringinR together the two previously unlinked (at least in any meaningful histoncalwaYJ halves ofthe planet we inhabit. Por better or for worse--and both have resulted from his actions, though, we hold,far more of' LEE Funeral Home the former than ofthe latter--the world was forever changed by this one man 's AND CREMATORIUM faith, vision, courage, and perseverance, as recognized-by the resolution: ne o/the Washington Metropolitan Area 's Oldest and Finest Homes, owned O and Operated by the Lee Family for over 160 years, Established 1836. "Whereas, owing to his vision, perseverance, courage, and faith, Christopher Beautiful Chapel, Ample Parking Space Columbus' voyage of discovery joined together the earth's two hemispheres, LEE Funeral Home, Inc. which had remained unknown to each other for thousand of years, and 6633 Old Alexander Ferry Road, Clinton MD 20735 301-868-0900 301-855-0888 8125 Southern Maryland Blvd., Ownings MD 20736 "Whereas, Colwnbus' discovery led the way and unleashed potent forces which had great economic and social impact on Europe, and resulted in the ··············································································································· accelerated development of both Europe and the Americas, and

"Whereas, the economic and cultural encmmters and ensuring exchanges between America and Europe beginning in the fifteenth century created the ALEXANDER CoAL & GAs Co. bases for new societies, cultures, and nations to be established in the Americas, fNCORPORJ\TED J 903 and

WLLLIAM B. ALEXANDER, 5TH "Whereas; these historical dynamics continue to affect the direction of the PRESIDENT world's economic and political future, and

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2 71 Foreword These program books have been published by the NCCA starting with the Quincentenaiy year, 1992. They are designed to bring to you BOB GRILL stories and historical infonnation about Christopher Columbus. They have included infonnation about the National Columbus Celebration Association; its ten year history was included in the 1999 year book. We have tried to keep them infonnative and interesting, and we believe they GENERAL CONTRACTOR, INC. have some keepsake value. The theme, this year, deals with anniversary celebrations, fittingly so in this last year of the millennium. We celebrate the 200th 9817 Lanham-Severn Road Lanham, Maryland 207()6 anniversaiy of the first use of the Capitol by the United States Congress. We honor the occasion with our cover reproduction of the painting of Columbus' landing on Guanahani, which hangs in the rotunda of the Capitol. A description of the painting in on the inside front cover and an article appears on page 4. The people in the painting are identified on pages 6 and 7. Experienced Professional Craftsmen This is also the IOOth anniversaiy of the Fourth Degree of the Providing Quality Workmanship In All Types of Knights of Columbus who has played a major role in the celebrations at the Columbus Memorial starting with the unveiling in l 912. On pages IO and 11, we have included a description of the site where the celebration is held and of the ceremony which takes place there each year. On page 12 following, there is an historic photograph of the Union Station building COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL and the memorial site (circa 1910), before the Monument was erected. CONSTRUCTION We also celebrate the 75 tJ' anniversary of the United States Navy Band which will provide the music for th.is year's celebration. The story of the Navy Band can be found on page 35. Also included in this book on the facing page (2) is a copy of the NEW - ADDITIONS - REMODELING resolution passed by the Association members in 1997 recognizing Christopher Columbus to be the man of the millennium .. CONCRETE - FOUNDATION REPAIR The program for this year's celebration and information on the. Principal patticipants is at the centerfold, pages 36 and 37, and the lNDRUSTIAL- OFFICES- CHURCHES winning essay is on pages 28 and 29 .. We have included the names of the Board of Directors and all of QUALITY & SATISFACTION the current members. If your name is not included we would hope it will be there next yeai·. An application is included on page 72. Licensed, /Jonded, Insured The last pages of the book include "advertisements". Most are expressions of congratulations which help to defray the cost of this publ ication, and we are indeed grateful. Some of these organizations do, however, offer a service. lf you are in need of such service, we would appreciate you giving them a call. 301-577-7768 or 301-577-8955 Any comments you have on this publication or questions about the association maybe directed to NCCA c/o NIAF, 180 l l 9u' St., NW, Washington DC 20009. If you have or know of an article about License No. 5959 Columbus that would be appropriate to publish in a future prograin book, please advise at the saine address.

70 3 About The Painting on our Cover:

John Vanderlyn's Painting, The Landing of Columbus Knights of Columbus

7'hefollowing description of the painting used on our cover, "The Landing Keane Council No. 353 ofC olumbus," and also the accompanying drawing identifying the sub­ Home Council of State Deputy Frank R. Shaw jects, are both takenfrom the booklet "Columbus in the Capitol, " Com­ memorative Quincentenary Edition, Government Printing Office, Washing­ ton, D.C, .1992, pp.5-6.

Description Title: Landing of Columbus, 1846 Artist: John Vanderlyn Mediwn: Oil on canvas, 12 feet high x 18 feet wide Our Congratulations and Best Wishes to the Location: Rotunda

Christopher Columbus is shown in the West Indies on an island called NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION Guanahani by the natives, and which he named San Salvador, on October 12, ASSOCIATION 1492. He raises the royal banner of Castile and Leon, claiming the land for his Spanish patrons, as he points to the earth with his sword. Following him FOR THIS are the brothers Martin Alonzo and Vincente Yanez Pinzon, the captains of the Nifia and the Pinta, carrying the banner of Ferdinand and Isabella. 89 TH ANNUAL COLUMBUS DAY CELEBRATION Other members of his crew display a range of emotions upon finally reaching land, from wary to prayerful to joyous and some search for gold in the sand. Columbus looks reverently upward, and he has laid his feathered Chaplain Rev. Msgr. Raymond G.East hat on the ground; these actions and the cross canied by the friar give a sense Grand Knight William H. Davis of sacredness to the event. Natives watch from behind a large tree. The Deputy Grand Knight Michael E. Williams, Sr. viewer's eye is led from left to fight, from the three ships in the distance to Chancellor George P. Henderson, Jr. Columbus, whose yellow flag is highlighted against the dark shadows and Recorder Andrew C. Weeks trees. The scene corresponds with the description given by Washington Financial Secretary James H. Pope Treasurer Irving in History of the L?fe and Voyages o,{Christopher Columbus (1828). Everett Crosson Lecturer Michael E. Williams, Sr. Advocate Aumoura D. Carroll This painting was one of four scenes of American hist01y autho1ized Warden Stephen G. Hawkins, Sr. by Congress on June 23, 1836, to fill the niches opposite the paintings of Inside Guard James H. Harrison John Trumbull in the rotunda. In 1837 the theme of the discovery of Outside Guard James L. Douglas America was assigned to John Vanderlyn (1775-1852), who had competed Trmtee - 3 Year Gerald V. Ha11, Sr. Trustee - 2 Year with Trumbull for the first commission 20 years earlier; he had also received John Purnell Trustee - 1 Year John W. Mc Coy a commission in 1832 for a portrait of George Washington to hang in the Hall of the House of Representatives.

4 69 l\uiglftn nf OLnlumhun Vanderlyn, a protege of Aaron Burr, had studied with Gilbert Stuart and ..Jmmuulate Qton.ceptinn 1194rine Qtnunril #4914 was the first American painter to be trained in Paris, where he later received Dlaslfington, ll. Qt. a gold medal from Napoleon. He adopted the French neoclassical style, with Congratulates the clear outlines and poses derived from ancient sculpture. He painted Landing National Columbus Celebration Association o.fColumbus in Paris. The artist, then in his sixties, took 10 years to complete on the 89th Anniversary of the the work, even with the help of assistants. Before bringing the painting to Washington he exhibited it in New York in an unsuccessful attempt to raise National Columbus Memorial Fountain money to pay his debts. The painting, for which he was paid $10,000, was Council Officers installed in the rotunda in 184 7. Chaplain Rev. Clement St. Jacques Roosevelt M. Daniels Grand Knight In the 19th century this image was frequently copied in a variety of Deputy Grand Knight Dennis Drewery Chancellor Sidney Anderson populal' media. It appeared on a 15-cent postage stamp in 1869, on a $5 bill Recorder Charles Wood in 1875. and on a special 2-cent stamp issued for the Columbian Exposition Financial Secretary Freddie T Johnson in 1893. The painting has been cleaned and restored eight times. most recently Treasurer Joseph L Bowser in 1982. Advocate Sergio 0. Grillo Warden Edward Hill Guards Earl Hill Edward W Stockwell Trustees Alvin J Durrington Edward Monroe Benjamin McCall

In l\11emoriam + Edward Louis (Angel) Rose Born December 23::> 1927 Died November 16::> 1992 a Knight of-Columbus 1953-1992 + Requiescat in Pace Photograph by SK Raymond May his soul rest in peace I lon he hath vvon. the race. No'\¥ God hath prepared f"or him an The banner of Ferdinand and Isabella (Ysabela) , sometimes called Everlasting Cro'"'TI. of Victory in the Expeditionaiy banner, which leads the procession of wreath-presenters Heaven our celebration, waves on its own standard below Old Glory at the 1999 by his devoted wife ceremonies. Margaret Mary B. Rose

68 5 THOMAS P. KERLEY President

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6 67 CONGRATULATIONS on the 88th. Anniversary of the Unveiling

PSD John c. and Marguerite R. Moore Chairman Emeritus,NCCA

WASHINGTON COUNCIL NO. 224 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS

Celebrating 103 years

Sends Greetings

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N. C. C. A.

Robert H. Lacey Ill, Grand Knight

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"We Treat Your Home, Like We Would Our Own" 66 7 Flags Carried by Columbus May th e vision and courage of Christopher Columbus inspire The flag depicted at the left is that of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. l/S ll fl

F it, I ff,'//. •i Xmf!. frod1W'Olll miff Q•w r u CACI~2 /.'!J

f '•t. 'J A , ~,, .. ,_,,,., .. ,, ~,,. •f !Ar 1t1t-J ,. >../.,.,/, ''"''"'" oo..,.,., ·{ ,... , ,.,,,.,.MJ Information Technology in the 21st Century The Expeditionary Banner is described in Bartolome de las Casa's digest of the log book of the first voyage of Columbus (the closest narration we have to Columbus's own account), wherein he relates the story of the initial landing: SAUE THOUSANDS SSSSSS SELL YOUR HOME YOURSELF "Two hours after midnight land appeared, some two leagues away. They With our help! took in all sail, leaving only the mainsail, which is the great sail without bonnets, and Flat Fee Service lay lose-hauled waiting for day. This was Friday, on which they reached a small $ 500.00 island of the Lucayos, called in the Indian language Guanahani (today commonly Eliminate Commissions assumed to be Watling Island, otherwise known as San Salvador). Immediately ucen1e<.1 e.,. We Show You How! some naked people appeared and the Admiral went ashore in the armed boat, as did Martin Alonso Pinzon and Vicente Yanez his brother, captain of the Nina. The Mc~~,e~:se.~~~· Call Today 577-7653 Admiral raised the royal standard and the captains carried two banners with the 10 run E1pert•ce _ For Free Brochure green cross which were flown by the Admiral on all of his ships. On each side of A SERVICE TO HELP YOU THE HOMEOWNER SHOW AND SELL YOUR OWN HOME THE PROFESSIONAL WAY. the cross was a crown surmounting the letters F and Y (for Ferdinand and ···---··- · Isabella)." (The contemporary spelling of the Queen's name was Ysahela.) A.• R. F'U1\.1DlNG. lNC. Quotations taken from J. M. Cohen, editor and translator, The Four 9102 Shnrldat"I Coutt. Lanhem. M•rylend 20700 Voyages of Christopher Columbus, Penguin Books, London, 1969, p. 53. Are Collecting The ill ustration of the flags, the flag of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella you of Spain, and the Expeditionary Banner of Columbus was adapted from Rear Payments? Admiral William Rea Furlong and Commodore Byron McCandless, So Proudly We We will Quickly buy Hail: The Histury of the United States Flag, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981, p. Robert Raimond your payments! 16. 301-577-2200

8 65 CHRONOLOGY THE LIFE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

1451 Born in Genoa, Italy the son of Susanna and Domenico Columbo, a Ligurian weaver and one of the keepers of the city's gates (Queen Isabella was born this same year) 1465 First sea voyages to Corsica 1477 Sails to England, Iceland and possibly near the Arctic Circle 1479 Marries Felipa Moniz Perestrello living in Porto Santo 1480 Son Diego is born 1484 Columbus approaches King John II of Portugal with a plan for expedition to seek lands to the west via a sea route; Columbus and ~t..1\utqouy C!tnuttdl No. 417 Diego arrive in Palos, Spain, going to the Franciscan Monastery La Rabida to discuss sponsorship of expedition westward on the sea 1485 Don Felipa Perestrello dies if\uigqf!i of Qlulu1nhu!i 1486 Meets King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella for the first time 1488 Son Fernando born of union with Beatriz Enriquez de Arana 1lltht!iqiugtnut ID. QL 1492 King and Queen of Spain sign the Santa Fe document defining Columbus' s proposed expedition, April 17; King and Queen decree citizens of Palos will be crew members for voyage, May 23 ; Mass Chaplain Msgr. Richard W. Burton held for Columbus and crew at Church of St. George, Martyr in Palos at 123 noon on August 2; embarks from Palos De La Frontera George W. Martin, POK Grand Knight on August 2 with three caravels (Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria) and Deputy G.K. George V. Gross ninety men; Landfall sighted at 2 00 a.m. on October 12; Columbus Chancellor James M Toliver, PSD goes ashore claiming land for Spain giving it the name San Salvador; Financial Secretary Charles A. Brown, Sr. leaves 39 men at settlement ofNavidad Returns to Palos on March 15 and receives a special audience at the Treasurer Joseph A. Russell 1493 Spanish court in Barcelona; second voyage leaves Cadiz with 17 George R. Brown, POK Advocate ships and I 000 crewmen on September 25 Recorder Joseph F. Brinley 1494 Columbus has life threatening illness on arrival at New World Warden David I. Merriweather Capital- Isabella- September through February Inside Guard Mark Campbell 1496 Returns to Cadiz on June l I Outside Guard Theodore Hudson 1498 Leaves Sanlucar on this third expedition with six caravels on May 30 1500 Arrives back at Cadiz in chains resulting from accusations of Harry T. Jackson, Jr. PSD Trustees injudicious governing of natives in Haiti- soon freed; goes to James M. Toliver, PSD Ca1thusian monastery La Cartuja in Seville where he draws maps of George M. Brown, POK the new lands to the west having an idea that they are a barrier in front of Asia 1502 Departs Seville on fourth voyage with four ships on April 3; son HOME COUNCIL OF Fernando keeps ship's log; travels as far as Panama 1504 A1Tives at Sanlucar on November 7; Queen Isabella dies on November 26 His Eminence James Cardinal Hickey 1506 Christopher Columbus dies at Valladolid, Spain on May 20; buried in the Franciscan Monaste1y of Valladolid 64 9 CELEBRATING CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS IN THE NATION'S CAPITAL WASHlNGTON ASSEMBLY NO. 151 The Site KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS In the years following the great quadricentennial ( 400th anniversary) OLDEST ASSEMBLY IN THE ARCHDIOCESE celebration in 1892 of the achievements (Established April 1, 1912) and discoveries of Christopher Columbus, Participating in its eighty-ninth appearance at the celebration an effort was launched by the Knights of Colwnbus to establish a monument to the great discoverer. The U. S. Congress ,j SALUTES passed a law which mandated a Columbus ~ Memorial in the nation's capital and AND EXTENDS appropriated $100,000 to cover the construction costs. A commission was FRATERNAL GREETINGS established composed of the secretaries of ~-l!li{l!ll~~== State and War, the chairmen of the House AND BEST WISHES and Senate Committees on the Library of -.---i.:::i:.... Congress, and the Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus. With the newly TO THE N. C. C. A completed Union Railroad Station in 1907, plans focused toward locating the ON THE OCCASION OF THE 88m memorial on the plaza in front of this great edifice. ANNIVERSARY OF THE UNVEILING After a series of competitions, sculptor Lorado Z. Taft of Chicago was awarded the contract. His plan envisioned OF THE COLUMBUS MEMORIAL what you see this day, a monument constructed of Georgia marble; a semi-circular fountain sixty-six feet broad Faithful Friar Rev. Clement St. Jacques and forty-four feet deep and in the center, a pylon crowned with a globe Faithful Navigator James E. Eoxford, Jr., PGK, FDD supported by four eagles connected by garland. A fifteen foot statue of Faithful Captain Joseph Jackson Columbus, facing the U.S. Capitol and wrapped in a medieval mantle, stands Faithful Pilot in front of the pylon in the bow of a ship with its prow extending into the upper John Purnell basin of the fountain tenninating with a winged figurehead representing Faithful Admiral Anthony Cornejo democracy. Flanking Columbus are two seated, allegorical figures: To his left Faithful Scribe Trevor F. Marshall representing the Old World is a patriarchal figure resting his rums upon a shield Faithful Comptroller James M. Toliver, PSD and grasping a crumpled map while to his right representing the New World is Faithful Pw·ser Venantius Onunaku a pre-Columbian figure (Americru1 Indian) crouching behind his cmde shield Faithful lnner Sentinel Thomas Washington reaching for an arrow. On the rear of the large pylon is a double medallion Faithful Outer Sentinel Mark Stemniski picturing the Spanish monarchs King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Set at the extremes of the axis of the balustrade are couchant lions. Three towering Faithful Trustee (3 yr) James LeGrand flagpoles flank behind the monument representing the historic ships of 1492 the Faithful Trustee (2 yr) Donald Pa.rajinog Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria. Classic-columned lampposts in front of Faithful Trustee (1 yr) Lawrence B. West, PGK,FDD Union Station feature replicas of ships on their cross-axis near the base mounts. Commander, Color Corp Leonard Washington, Sr., PFN The dedication of the majestic tribute to Columbus occwTed on June 8, 1912 Lt. Cmdr., Color Corps Reginald B. Stewait, Sr., PGK with many thousands attending. It was the prelude to and the focal point for the arumal Columbus Day celebrations since. The Patriot Arm of the Knights of Columbus Home Assembly of fPSD S/K Hany T. Jackson, Jr. 10 63 ilinqnp Jatridt 31. iiyme Daniel Burnham, who designed Union Station, was the major architect of the 1892-1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Burnham's CONGRATULATES architecture was so well received in Chicago that it launched the "City WASHING TON COLUMBUS CELEBRA Tf ON ASSOCIATION Beautiful" movement, to transform major cities, especially our nation's capital into a series of well-landscaped neo-classical palaces, expressing confidence on their in our Republic dwing the 1890 period. Burnham's Columbus Fountain and 89th ANNUAL COLUMBUS DAY CEREMONY Taft's Columbus statue were influenced in part by Frederick MacMonnies Columbus Plaza-Washington D.C.- Oct 9, 2000 fountain at the World's Columbian Exhibition. In recent years Union Station has been rejuvenated as a lively commercial space while still serving as a train COUNCIL OFFICERS terminal. As a major artistic remnant of the Exposition, the statue, fountain Grand Knight Thomas Gaskins and edifice rightly serve as the focal point for the annual Columbus Day Deputy GK Henry Hinnant Celebration. Chancellor l Kiernan Seth Treasurer Reginald B Stewart, Sr. The Ceremony Financial Secy Ernest E. Williams Throughout the years there have Advocate Michael Jackson been many fraternal, civic and cultural Warden Vincent Cooke organizations who have provided the Trustees Chester Pearson, PGK leadership for the ceremony each year. James Legrand Harry P Anderson, PGK The appearances of the U.S. M1litary Inside Guard Thomas Hawkins Honor Guard, the service bands, and the Knights of Columbus Color Corps, add to the pageantry. Addresses by national and international dignitaries, members of the diplomatic corps, especially Kn19fits of Cofum6us representing Spain, Italy and the Bahamas, Organization of American Our Lady of Victory Council #11487 States, have added interest to the occasion; and along with the audience all District of Cofum6ia have joined in the festivities. In an effort to perpetuate a more unified event, in Mem.6ers from the ParishiS of 1989 the Washington Columbus Celebration Association ey.ICCA) was ••: Epip~ fonned. In an extended outreach of its Ou.r Lufy of Victory membership to more than 25 States • 0 St. Stephen, Martyr within the past decade, the organization St. Tftomas, Apostle has changed its name to the National Columbus Celebration Association (NCCA). The Association in cooperation Council Offkl'rs 1999-2000 with the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, plans the yearly ceremony which is open to the public free of charge. In addition to t11e Chaplain, Rev. William E. Foley Warden, Rodante deJ. Santos highlights of the program already described in this history, the ceremony closes Grand Knight, Lawrence E. Laurion, Jr. Inside Guard, John N. Paolella Deputy Grand Knighl, U. Robert Whalen Outside Guard, David J. Murphy with wreath presentations representing many national and local fraternal, civic, Chancellor, George H. Butler, IPGK Trustee, COL Dennis E. O'Brien patriotic and cultural societies. Recorder, James L. Deegan Trustee, George H. Butler, IPGK Trwurer, Milton L. Grant Trustee, Carl A. Linden Advocate, Stephen C. Schott Financial SecretnryfMembership Director, Raymond S. Honda, PGK

62 11 LIDO CIVIC CLUB

OF WASHINGTON, D.C.

est. 1929

61 The Patriotic Degree: llJritt.cr nf tilt (l1qur.c11 100 Years of the Knights of Columbus Fourth Degree A.a11rmbly 2534 ll(utgqtfi 11f Wnlumbua "It is the purpose of the Fourth Degree to stimulate public interest in the observance of Columbus day throughout the country. Wherever possible, IDistri.ct nf (llolumbia some sort ofpublic celebration is held under its auspices, "according to an 1 authorized history ofthe Knights of Columbus . Over the eighty-eight years since 4000 uniformed Fourth /Jegree members led the grand parade at the unveiling <>/the national i!;om.e .2\£1£1.embl!J rtf lJTrtrnttr ialht.!!t.er (l/)1wrgr iijauua, .§r. Columbus Memorial on .June 8. 1912, the one group that has most consistently and (l\l§ID, l(J(l/)1!(, JJfIDID), Ard7flh1r.ea.e rtf 111!Jasqinghttt visib~y participated in Columbus celebrations at the site has been the uniformed Fourth Degree of the Knights ofColumbus. In this year when they celebrated their I OOth anniversary, we look al this most faithji1l group . .Jht 1!jonor 11f tqr 5118 1 ~ A.mtiu.ernal1J tlf tl7.e illisroutt1J of tl1.e Am.etiras b!J tl7r (l/)r.eat Nauigator New York City. Included among the 1100 1.f1aitl7ful liJurnrr 1Ranm1111b 1ij1111!'la (:§A,lJ.l~ll() receiving the new degree were members of Washington Council in D.C., which 111aitqful .Jhtttrr §rutitt.el 1.Ri.cqari'l J. Ihlran.ann (lmDII) had established the Knights in this area three years before, and now did the same for the Fourth Degree. l11aitl7fttl (IJ)ut.er fiJrutiu.el 1.Gmurrur.e 1E. lliaurion (~1.K) 111aitqful IDrnst.er (1) 111rnuct.sQ1q.eslt!J THE EARLY YEARS l11attl1ful IDrn.at.e.e (2)

Maurice Francis Egan and John B. Kennedy, The Knights ofColumbus in Peace and War (New Haven, Conn., 19:!0} , I 19-120.

60 13 The patriotic and educational pur­ poses central to the Fourth Degree are not The Fourth Degree Emblem only closely intertwined, but are also part of The distinctive emblem of the Fourth Degree, in red , white and the wider goals of all members of the Order. blue and trimmed in gold, shows a For example, the 1899 convention that ap­ dove (representing Columbus, proved the new degree also launched the whose last name in Latin Means "dove") hovering over the western first major national project of the Order: a hemisphere, wh ich surmounts a five-year drive (as it turned out) to raise red crusader's cross (Cross of $50,000 from the councils on a voluntary Isabella). It symbolizes basis to establish a chair of American history Columbus's role in bringing Christianity to this hemisphere at the twelve-year-old Catholic University of (Christopher means "Christ­ America in Washington. On April 14, 1904 a bearer") and at another level the magnificent check in that amount, ten feet Trinitarian core of that faith (hemisphere: the creating role high and four feet wide, hand-painted on 1 ascribed to the Father: cross: vellum to resemble an illuminated manu­ redemptive role of the Son, and script page, was presented to the University dove: enlightening and inspirational in the presence of 10,000 Knights and oth­ role of the Holy Spirit). ers. It today hangs in the dining hall of the University Center. Three years later, a suc- cessful seven-year drive was initiated to raise $500,000 within the Order for an endowment fund for the University, later changed to funding for fellowships, still among the most prized at the Uni- The Order Sons of Italy in America versity. 1 While the latter drive was on. The Fourth Joins the N ation s Capital City Degree changed its loose organization by establish­ ing "assemblies" as its local units. But these do not in Commemorating the Anniversary of supplant the local councils, the basic unit of the Knights, for a Fourth Degree member in good stand- the Discovery of the Americas ing must remain a current member of a council. The oldest in this area is Wash­ ington Assembly, dating from just before the unveiling of the Columbus memo­ by Christopher Columbus rial in 1912 . In view of the explicitly patriotic purpose of the Fourth Degree, it is ironic that for almost half a century it was the focus of recurrent vicious attack through the widespread circulation of the bogus "fourth degree oath" that first emerged in Seattle in that same year. It was apparently invented by William C Black, of a group called the Guardians of Liberty, who had adapted earlier October 9, 2000 calumnies, the three-hundred-year-old "Jesuit Oath of Secrecy" and the later "Priest's Oath," to produce a text that is anything but patriotic and which would Visit us on the Web at www.osla.org

OSI A, 219 E St. , NE, Was hington , DC 20002 1-800 -552 -0SIA

14 59 make anyone's blood curdle.2 On Columbus Day that year Seattle Protestant groups, after local Knights had allowed a review of the real Fourth Degree THE K\iHiHTS :(« PROTECTlr\G F:\.~1ILIES pledge, characterized the bogus oath as a "blasphemous and horrible travesty 1 upon the real oath," while praising the real one as exemplifying the "highest type \ : \ 11 I l \\ 1: I ' \~ FOR (;[\[RATIO\'.~ 3 '·· of American citizenship One propagator of the bogus oath admitted in 1914 that it had been distributed in practically every state in the 1912 election campaign. lts use in a Philadelphia race led a Congressional committee to report on February 15 , 191 3 Best Wishes and Congratulations that "This Committee cannot condemn too strongly the false and libelous arti­ From the Harry J. Canter Agency cle ... the spurious Knights of Columbus oath.4 But with the "oath" now in the Congressional Record as part of the evidence, its propagators later cited the Knights of Columbus Insurance Record as a source for its authenticity. to In 1913 and 1914 the Knights won criminal libel trials in various sections of the country against purveyors of the "oath." In California, the entire THE NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION Fourth Degree ceremonial was voluntarily submitted to a committee of prominent Masons, who not only verified that it had no anti-Masonic or anti-Protestant ASSOCIATION character as had been alleged, but that "The ceremonial of the order teaches a high and noble patriotism, instills a love of country, inculcates a reverence for law FOR THE and order.. .and holds up the Constitution of our country as the richest and most 1 1 89 H ANNUAL COLUMBUS DAY precious possession of a Knight of the order. A thirty-third degree Mason in Congress from California put these comments into the Congressional Record of CELEBRATION January 29, 1915. But the "oath" would not die. After World War l, in 1921 the New York World revealed in an expose on the Ku Klux Klan (which had been re-founded in Georgia 1915, after long dormancy) the re-circulation of the bogus "oath" by SUPREME INSURANCE DIRECTOR Klan Kleagles (recruiters) in membership campaigns The "oath" later was widely published not only in the U S. but also in Newfoundland and Canada, where the HARRY J. CANTER, MBA, FICF* Knights of Columbus were well established, and in 1923 a Spanish version was 301-262-4300 circulating in Mexico, where the Order had forty-three councils and 6,000 members. Rewards offered to anyone who could prove the authenticity of the FRATERNAL BENEFITS ADVISORS "oath"--twenty-five thousand dollars in Texas alone in 1923, where over 200,0 00 Klansman had been actively circulating the "oath" --were never claimed. It was ROBERT J. CALLAWAY, FICF* resuscitated twice more: in Al Smith's 1928 and John Kennedy's 1960 presidential ROBERT J. CANTER, JR., FICF* JOHN F. CRAIG, FICF, LUTCF 2 JOHN K. FENWICK, PGK, FICF The complete text or the hogus oath can be found in Egan and Kennedy, 121-12.1 and in BRIAN C. GRAHAM, FIC, CLU Christopher J. Kaullinan, Faith and P'ratemalism (New York, 1982), 169-171 . l ROBERT T. IMBERGAMO, FICF ~ Quoted in Kauffman, 172. ROBERTA.MONAGAN,PGK fbid 5 RICHARD J. MORIN, FICF, LUTCF, PGK• Quoted in Kautlinan, 174 PA TRICK B. McALEER, PGK DANIEL J. QUAGLIARELLO, FICF, LUTCF, PGK* ALFRED A. ROCCA, FICF, LUTC DAVID M. THOMAS, FICF DAVID R WILSON, JR, PGK (*) SUPREME KNIGHTS SALES CLUB 58 15 runs. time Magazine's August 22, 1960 issue reported its history and currency in many states as "an old and notorious piece of anti-Catholic propaganda." About the same time that the bogus "oath" was first being circulated, at the instigation of the Fourth Degree Supreme Assembly the Knights initiated another educational project: lectures, conferences and publications in opposition to socialism and extreme radicalism, and focusing on the reciprocal duties and responsibilities of capital and labor. In 1914, for example, two speakers traveled 27,000 miles and gave 148 free public lectures on the subject to over 200,000 people. They continued over a four-year period.

"EVERYBODY WELCOME, EVERYTHING FREE." Then, as the Great War in Europe grew bloodier and bigger, with involvement of a still-divided America more likely, the Fourth Degree Supreme Assembly promoted a nationwide program of unifying public patriotic celebra­ In HODor of the tions and addresses sponsored by the local assemblies in 30 of the principal cities of the country on Washington's Birthday, 1917. The crowds were overflowing. Councils everywhere wired their support to the President and their representa­ tives in Washington in the crisis. A scant six weeks later, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war, the Senate acquiescing on April 4 and the House on April 6. Great Discoverer The Order had already been operating I 5 recreational centers for troops along the Mexican border where Pancho Villa's March 9, 1916 attack on Colum­ bus, New Mexico had led to deployment of nearly 250,000 National Guardsmen. Christopher Columbus When the U.S took the plunge into the European war, the Order established facilities at army, navy and marine training centers around the country (over 400 wooden buildings were constructed, and many tents set up), as well as in places such as Broadway and Forth-sixth in New York City, and on the Boston Com­ from tbe mon, forerunners to the USO clubs of World War II. Sometimes education programs were offered to help men qualify for officer training. With the help of the local Catholic women, Knights ran free hotels in Boston, New York, Phila­ delphia, Detroit and other citles, with free beds, baths, breakfasts, barber service, Off~n and Members laundry, and tailoring--all especially appreciated by sailors in the port cities. As Americans moved overseas, so did the Knights' efforts, and eventually there were in Europe 150 "K. of C. clubs" (in cities) and "K. of C. huts" (in camps}, staffed of by about 1,000 full time salaried personnel, "Caseys" (for K. ofC.s). Catholics, then 17% of the population, are estimated to have supplied from a quarter to a third of the Army and almost half of the Navy, with about a million in service at war's end. But these K. of C. facilities were for the benefit of all regardless of creed, just as the public at large had contributed to them . The famous K. ofC. slogan both at home and overseas expressed the unvarying policy "Everyone welcome, everything free." The central meeting hall of the five K. of C. councils in D. C. was turned over to use by servicemen, and councils met

16 elsewhere, as later also done in World War II. Immediately following the Armistice, the Knights organized an intensive program to aid veterans in education, vocational training, and employment. In its first 10 months nearly 150,000, regardless of creed, were placed in jobs in the New England and mid-Atlantic states. Vocational training was offered in twenty­ five camps to prepare men for civilian life, which led in tum to a tuition-free CONGRATULATIONS evening school for veterans, peaking in the spring of 1920 with 50,000 students in I00 schools, a total of about 314,000 receiving training by the end of the program. (Funding came from monies collected for the wa1time program.) The Supreme Office had 25,000 in correspondence courses (totaling 125,000 by the end of the program), and awarded 400 scholarships to 41 colleges and universi­ ties. The local program in Washington of both secondary and college courses COLUMBUS DAY 2000 ( 1,500 students in 1921) led to the chartering in 1922 of Columbus University, an evening school run by the local Knights that eventually concentrated on law, merging in 1954 with the law department of Catholic University to form the Columbus School of Law of Catholic University. These activities in support of American service personnel both during and after the war required the commitment of the entire Order rather than just the Fourth Degree. Magnificently demonstrating the Order's wholehearted commit­ ment to its fourth principle, patriotism, they underscore the irony posed by the blatant bigotry encountered after the war, as in the propagation of the bogus oath described above. In 1920 about 235 Knights journeyed to Metz, France, for the dedica­ tion of an equestrian statue of Lafayette donated by the Order to commemorate ILSE AND DICK HIGGINS the French and American soldiers who had died in fighting for the city, taken by Germany in 1870. lt was in Metz that Lafayette, a young army officer, decided to assist in the American war for independence. On the back of the pedestal, Columbus's landing is depicted.

EMPHASIS ON AMERICAN HISTORY In the early 1920s many groups were concerned with the way American history was taught in textbooks. In 1922 the American Legion, the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration oflndependence, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Daughters of the American Revolution, the United Spanish War Veterans, and the Patriotic League con­ demned ten school texts done in "the spirit of Benedict Arnold. 6 Sharing such

Richard Higgins J. 6 United States Consul General in Genoa Quoted in Kautl:inan, 266. 1984-1988

56 17 concerns, the Supreme Assembly of the Fourth Degree had in 1921 established a ...... K. ofC. Historical Commission "'to investigate the facts of history, to exalt and ... .. perpetuate American ideals, and to combat anti-American propaganda by means 4 • of pamphlets, each to be complete and authoritative in itself.. and by other proper means .. " 1 : AMANDA'& : Monetary prizes were offered for American history studies based on 4 4 original research, in five categories of competition: history professors; school superintendents and history teachers; the public; students of foreign relations with access to documents in this hemisphere; and American college students. Sug­ ! AQQANGEMENT& ! gested topics for graduate student entries included: "The American Indians, Past and Present," "Contributions of the Negro to American History," and "Contribu­ • • tions of Alien Races to American Nationality." The first prize among the •4 •4 professors in 1922 was for a study of Jay's treaty, published by Macmillan as a 301-384-4620 book that launched the career of its author, Samuel Flagg Benus, later to become 4• 4• Sterling Professor of Diplomatic History and Inter-American Relations at Yale and a two-time winner of the Pulitzer prize. A noncompetitive history series, • • initiated at the same time, resulted in a number of publications, including "The •4 •4 American States During and After the Revolution, 1775-1 789," the first scholarly 3330 ROUTE 198 work by an associate editor of the New York Evening Post who moved to • BURTONSVILLE, MARYLAND 20866 • academia and became one of the country's most distinguished historians--Allan J. •4 •4 Nevins. The program also included "The Knights of Columbus Racial Contribu­ •4 •4 tion Series " fn the words of its originator, "This series is unlike any heretofore published, since it gives the actual history of racial contributions to the making of • • the United States, not from the isolated viewpoint of a single race, concerning •4 fruil basL:els &. balloons •4 other races, but from the viewpoint of each race concerning itself." 8 There were three publications before the series ended "The Gift of Black Folk" (by WE.B. •e cuslom arrangemenls •e 4 DuBois. the first African-American history scholar to write on black history), Jelivery & wire services 4 "The Jews in the Making of America" (by George Cohen, writing under a group of Jewish editors), and "The Germans in the Making of America" (by Frederick •: wreall.s •: Franklin Schrader, who did a popular synthesis of secondary works). Three years later, in the Fourth Degree Silver Jubilee year, 1924, the .4 ...... 4 Supreme Assembly of the Fourth Degree initiated an essay contest, to be con­ ducted by each Master in his District on an annual basis, on patriotic and histori- • • " :•

•4 NURSERY •4 Quoted in Kauflinan, 263. • 3330 SPENCERVILLE RD •

8 • BURTONSVILLE, MARYLAND • 4 4 Quoted in Kauffimm, 270. 301-421-9593 •• co•LUI! OAno!tf ctfNfl!lft •• ...... • ..• 18 55 cal subjects. All students, male or female, in all high schools, public and private, Patrick Cardinal O'Boyle Council within each Fourth Degree District were eligible, with cash prizes to be awarded Knights of Columbus Council Number 11302 within the District. Later, national cash prizes were added. 630 E Street, S. W. I Washington, DC 20024 PRO JJEO ET PRO PATRIA Proud Member of the NCCA since 1995 Another activity in which the Fourth Degree took the lead on a national basis was the urging of the closing of businesses for the three-hour observance on Good Friday. A program of developing local committees, including Protestant . Celebratf,ng. our Pmron: Chrlst(}pher·coljlm/Jusl leaders, and approaching mayors and governors to issue proclamations, and urging merchants to close for three hours on Good Friday, and people to attend church services, brought about widespread Good Friday observance in the years Chaplain ...... Rev. Peter M. Batts, 0.P. prior to World War II. Grand Knight ...... Peter D. Gervais, 00#4 Deputy Grand Knight ...... Peter A. Gabauer On the local scene, in 1938 an annual Memorial Mass at Arlington Chancellor ...... Mario Mirarchi National Cemetery was initiated on the Sunday preceding Memorial Day, under Recorder ...... Vacant the sponsorship of Washington Assembly of the Fourth Degree in cooperation Treasurer ...... Otis J. Hester with The National Committee of Catholic Societies, representing 150 such Financial Secretary ...... Frank D. Chesley, Sr. groups. It became a prominent annual event. In 1948, for example, 92 of these Lecturer ...... Vacant Advocate ...... Richard P. Branson, POD societies were represented at the services, at which the foremost preacher of the warden ...... Melvin A. Judah day, Msgr. (later Bishop) Fulton J Sheen, preached. Seven months before Pearl Harbor, Washington Assembly initiated Charter Grand Knight ...... Charles H. Gallina, ST, PFN. PGK-C another annual event that lasted for roughly two decades, the Pan American Diplomatic Reception. Its purpose was to express goodwill and friendliness to ·The Knights of Coluinbus members of the diplomatic corps from Central and South America, and to let them know that American Catholics wanted to further our government's policy of fostering better relations. The reception grew in the war years. For example, at the fourth one, on April 17, 1944, sixty-five members of the diplomatic corps W. B. MASKE (there were 21 American republics) and more than four hundred members of the Order and their ladies were present. Honoree was Dr. Hector David Castro, a SHEET METAL WORKS INC. member of Washington Assembly who had recently been promoted from his Since 1935 position of Minister of El Salvador which he had held for twenty years, to become its first Ambassador to the United States. Excerpts of the program were translated into Spanish and broadcast throughout Latin America. After the war the format was changed to a reception and a dinner, and so it remained for many years. In World War II, the Knights did not play the distinctive role in service to the military that they had in the first war, as the USOs took over the work 0 done in World War I by the K. ofC., Y.M.C.A. Jewish Welfare Board, Salvation AIR CONDITIONING Army, and others. Also more organized than before, the Catholic bishops' agency established the National Catholic Community Service (NCCS) to handle such HEATING matters, and it was incorporated into the USO. However, K. ofC. Supreme Knight Francis Matthews served as chairman of the NCCS Executive Committee ROOFING and its representative to the USO. After the war, he served as Secretary of the Navy under President Truman during the worst days of the Korean War. 301-927-3412 BLADENSBURG, MARYLAND 54 19 Just before that Korean conflict, the movement to add the words "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag started with adoption of a resolution by the Supreme Board of Directors in April, 1950, that the 750 Fourth Degree assemblies in the U.S. use the amended pledge at their meetings The President, Vice-president, and Speaker of the House were sent copies of the resolution, and Supreme Knight Luke Hart, then president of the National Fraternal Congress, convinced I I 0 fraternal societies to adopt it A resolution was introduced in Congress in 1953, and the amended Pledge signed into law by President Eisen­ hower on Flag Day, June 14, 1954. In 1965 $500,000 was set aside to establish a dozen undergraduate 11 scholarships at Catholic University, known as the Fourth Degree Pro Deo et Pro Where You and Your Family Patria ("For God and Country") scholarships; in 1988 a dozen to other Catholic 11 colleges were added; and in 1992 the number of scholarships to other schools Will be Sport Fans Too! was increased to 50. A smaller fund of the same name has been established in Canada. The name Pro /)eo et Pro Patria given to the scholarships neatly summarizes what the Fourth Degree is all about More recent projects under­ score the Pro Patria aspect: in 1987 the Fourth Degree gave $1 ,000,000 toward the refurbishment of the Statue of Liberty, and on their centennial the Fourth Cllerrolet Degree assemblies were planning a $500,000 fund-raising campaign for the World War II memorial. In addition to such national programs, each Fourth Degree has its programs on matters such as pro-life issues, respect for the flag, promoting voter participation, etc.-- there is a great variety among the 2,250 assemblies in the U.S. and elsewhere, such as Canada, Mexico, and the Philippines. Jeep/Eagle These assemblies are grouped into 115 Districts (generally following state lines), each under the direction of a Master, and the Districts into 20 Provinces, each under a Vice Supreme Master. Because of the small size of D.C., the Archdiocese of Washington District (JO assemblies with about 2,500 active members) is an anomaly, following the Archdiocesan boundaries, which Ho11da include the five Maryland counties adjoining D.C. In its centennial year, the Fourth Degree had 256,075 members, or "Sir Knights," as they are called--16% of the entire Order. In D.C. the percentage of Knights who are Sir Knights is ..Jeep. about twice that national average. ltfMI

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20 53 THE FOURTH DEGREE COLOR CORPS

.,, The "visible arm of the Knights of Columbus" \ is the Color Corps. a voluntary, distinctively-garbed ''I' Sauro Custom 'Tailor honor guard within each local assembly. 1' \1' The original uniform for the Fourth Degree ~ · ,l ·,' and Formal Wear included the elements of formal war, with Prince Albert coat, top hat, baldric (sash) in red, white, and " ~ ' blue bearing an emblem depicting the U.S. ··Hfii 1105~ 19th Street, N.W. Constitution, and a cross-handle sword to signify Christian knighthood. In the 1930s the coat became a cutaway, and today's uniform substitutes a tuxedo trft Washington, D.C. 20036 and slightly modified baldric and eschews the top hat. Fourth Degree officers and the Color Corps add a cape and chapeau, and continue the tradition from the earliest days of Alterations-Men-Ladies providing honor guards for religious and civic ceremonies. Commonly these are local events involving members from a single Formal Wear-Rental-Sales assembly under its own Color Corps commander, but more regional events involve Color Corps from several assemblies, and sometimes from an entire Joseph A. Sauro District, in the latter case under the District Marshall. More rarely, Color Corps members come from more than one District, such as in the annual 296-07.48 296-0216 celebrations at the national Columbus memorial, which draws from the Archdiocese of Washington and the Virginia districts (sometimes from the Maryland District as well). Some members annually come from Southern Fax: (202) 296-7588 Maryland and others from the Richmond area. There are also other calls on ------the Color Corps as well as the rest of the Knights in D.C., Maryland, and Virginia on the busy Columbus day weekend. The colors of the capes which Color Corps members wear over the standard Fourth Degree uniform, and of the chapeaux's ostrich feathers, iCG indicate organizational roles. Masters of Fourth Degree Districts (and former masters) wear gold, and the head or former head of an assembly wears INSURANCE CONSULTING GROUP white. The Marshall of the District (commanding the combined Color Corps 12813 DOGWOOD HILLS, #222, FAIRFAX,VA 22033-3249 under the District Master) wears green, the Color Corps commanders of the individual assemblies wear purple, and rank-and-file members wear red, but with white feathers on their chapeaux Because of Washington's unique status as the nation's capital, there are unusual needs for appearances by the Color Corps for special events. ANTHONY R. TRINGALE, CLU However, this celebration at the Columbus Memorial is normally the largest PRESIDENT annual appearance of the Color Corps in the area . But it pales in comparison with some of the very special events over the years, such as the original unveiling of the monument when 4,000 uniformed Fourth Degree members led BUS. (703) 802-2220 / FAX (703) 802-2222 the parade; the Order's 1932 silver jubilee convention in Washington when the (800) 518-0222 parade included Fourth Degree corps from eight provinces; and the dedication of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in 1959 and the Order's millennial pilgrimage to the Shrine this past April (also recognizing ESTATE PLANNING the Fourth Degree centennial), both with over 1,000 Color Corps members participating. Thus the largest appearances ever of the Color Corps have RETIREMENT STRATEGIES taken place here in Washington, D.C. EMPLOYEE AND EXECUTIVE BENEFIT PLANS

52 21 Columbus Memorials: Many that Are, Some that Aren't

The National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) last October reported District of Columbia State Council the results of a survey showing that Washington, D.C. leads the count1y in tributes to Knights of Columbus Christopher Columbus, with 12 Columbus monuments (plus one in storage). Baltimore has the oldest, a stone obelisk erected in 1792 for the tercentenary of Columbus's discovery, but the oldest statue of Columbus is in Boston, dating from Celebrating 101 Years about 1849. One of the newest (La Vela di Colombo, or Columbus's Sail) was unveiled in 1998 in New Jersey, overlooking New York Harbor. New York itself Of serving the Church and the Community has the tallest, in its 75-foot monument at Columbus Circle. In addition to its Sends greetings obelisk, Baltimore also has a statue of Columbus erected in the 1892, the quadricentennial year, in Druid Hill Park, and another statue erected in 1984 in the On the Inner Harbor area. SOS•h Anniversary With a broader geographic scope but a narrower definition of tributes (omitting oil paintings or frescoes, etc., inside buildings), Peter van der Krogt of the of the Faculty of Geographical Sciences of Utrecht University, Netherlands, has been Discovery of the New World compiling worldwide data on Columbus memorials from the Internet and from information sent to him from those who have learned of his effort. He started a web site on April 10 last year listing them (with photographs where available). The number of Columbus memorials in the world he has identified continues to grow: on August 2 this year his total stood at 161 . By August 19 it had increased to 179, and by September 3, to 188. Of these, 102 were in the U. S , 3 5 in Europe, 26 in Latin America, and 25 in the West Indies. In Europe, Spain had 20 and Italy 10. In Latin America Mexico had 6 and Argentina 5 In the West Indies, Puerto Rico had 8, the Bahamas 6, and Cuba 5. No other countries in these areas had more than two, and more often than not there was only one per country. In the U.S . 27 states had memorials. New Jersey, New York, and Pennsyl­ vania had 13 each; the District of Columbia had 7; California and Connecticut, 6 each; Maryland, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin, 4; and Massachusetts, Ohio, and Virginia, 3 each. Four additional states had two each, and 10 had one each. New York City had the most in a single city--9. Baltimore's 1792 obelisk is the oldest DISCOVER A WORLD OF monument identified in the world. In 1892 14 were erected (8 in the U.S.), and in GOOD THINGS IN 1992 15 (13 in the US., including the Lido Club's statue at Holy Rosary Church). The accompanying table summarizes the findings. More information on the indi­ THE KOFC vidual monuments, including photographs of many, can be found on Dr. van der Krogt's web site: http://cartography.geog. uu. nllcolumbusl Rev. Msgr. Raymond East Chaplain For Washington, D.C. the NIAF report listed seven sculptural items, three Frank R. Shaw State Deputy frescoes, two paintings and one mural. Anthony l. Colbert State Secretary Sculpture: Charles H. Gallina • Statue group and fountain (1912; artist: Lorado Z. Taft [statue] & Daniel State Treasurer Burnham [fountain]), in front of Union Station, the site of our celebration. The 15- Raymond S. Honda State Advocate feet high Georgia marble statue is flanked by an Indian and a European man. Lawrence B. West State Warden • Bronze doors with bas-reliefs of scenes from Columbus's life (ca. 1860; Harry T. Jackson, Jr. Immediate PSD artist: Randolph Rogers in Rome; cast by Ferdinand von Miller in Munich) in the east, or main, entrance to the U.S. Capitol Rotunda, 19 feet high; 9 feet wide, Home jurisdiction of Supreme Secretary Carl A. Anderson weighing 10 tons, and modeled after Lorenzo Ghiberti's doors to the baptistry in Florence, Italy 22 51 • Bronze statue 7 feet high ( 1897; ai1ist: Paul Wayland Bartlett) in the Library of Congress, Jefferson Building, Main Reading Room). Cast by Henry Bonnard Bronze Co. in New York Columbus stands gazing into the distance with his left Best Wishes For A Most Successful hand grasping a set of maps while his right hand is open in supplication. • Profile bust ( l825-1827; artist Antonio Capell ano and Enrico Causici) in the Columbus Day Celebration U.S . Capitol Rotunda, a sandstone relief in the wall, about 6' high by 18' wide. • Marble statue on a stone pedestal ( 1992, artist unknown) in the Courtyard of MARYLAND STATE COUNCIL Holy Rosary Church, 3rd and F sts , N.W. donated by the Lido Civic Club. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS Columbus holds a globe in his left hand and a cross in his right hand while standing next to a dock. (Customarily the Sunday religious ceremony preceding Columbus Day concludes at this statue. The statue is illustrated in our program books of the last several years.) •Statue group The Discovery of America (1836; artist Luigi Persico), displayed in the Capitol 1836 - 1844 but in storage since 1958; a 16-foot high tableau of Columbus with an Indian woman. (The earliest known photograph of the Capitol, taken about 1846 by John Plumbe, Jr. shows Persico's sculpture group to the left of the main steps outside of the East Entrance to the Capitol. The photo is reproduced in James M. Goode, 7he Outdoor Seu/pure (?{ Washington, D. C, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974, p. 51.) • Marble bust ( 1817; artist: Giuseppe Ceracchi) in the White House Blue Room; bust modeled by 18th-century sculptor Giuseppe Ceracchim, carved by others after his death in 180 l ; purchased for the White House in 1817. Frescoes: • Fresco of a seated Columbus, wearing a cape and touching a globe mounted Honorary State Chaplains on a column ( l 859; artist: Costantino Brumidi) in the US Capitol, The His Eminence James Cardinal Hickey, Archbishop of Washington President's Room, Senate Wing, Office S-216. Approximately 5 feet high by 3 His Eminence William Cardinal Keeler, Archbishop of Baltimore feet wide. (This was featured on the cover of our 1999 program booklet.) • Fresco lunette entitled Columbus am/ the lmlian Maiden ( 1875, artist His Excellency Most Reverend Michael A. Saltarelli, Bishop of Wilmini,,rton Costantino Brumidi) in the Senate Wing of the U.S. Capitol, first floor, west corridor. Columbus stands on a sandy beach with a small rowboat at his side. His ship is in the background. Columbus holds a map in his left hand. With his right Romeo Gauthier Rev. Michael J. Roach hand he lifts a veil covering a native woman sitting on a large rock State De1mty State Chaplain •Fresco frieze, 8' 4" high, 58' above the floor (1878; artist: Costantino Brumidi) in the U.S Capitol Rotunda over the West Door. With a feathered hat in his right Richard L. Sherbert Jr. Ronald B. White hand and a flag in his left hand, Columbus is looking skyward as he walks down a State Secretary State Treasurer gangplank of the Santa Maria towards a group ofnatives. Paintings anti Mural: Edgar D Haynes Richard V. Sie.iack •Painting: The Lamling of Columbus (1847; artist Jonathan Vanderlyn [1776-1852], one of the earliest American artists) in the Capitol Rotunda. (See State Advocate State Warden the cover of this booklet.) The painting inspired an 1892 U.S. postage stamp, honoring the 400th anniversary of Columbus's first voyage. Philip L. Asplen, J1·. • Painting entitled The Recall of Columbus ( 1882; artist: Augustus Heaton) in Immediate Past State Deputy the Senate Wing of the U.S . Capitol, third floor, east corridor. The oil painting on canvas is 4' 3" high x 7' 7" wide. Columbus on a white mule is shown in February, 1492, at the bridge of Pinos between Santa Fe and Grenada. A royal messenger has dismounted from his horse and handed a message to Columbus asking him to return to the royal court.

50 23 • Mural of Columbus Coat of Arms ( 1938; artist Buell Mullen), donated by the Hispanic Society of America, in the Library of Congress, Jefferson Building, Hispanic Room. It is a large wall mural on stainless steel. AJl tributes described above in the Capitol and the Library of Congress, both celebrating their bicentennial this year, are handsomely illustrated in the booklet Columbus in the Capitol, Commemorative Quincentenary Edition, Government Printing Office, 1992. Several Additional Items in Washington, D.C. FORUH PROPER.TIES/ Not included in the NIAF listing are several other Columbus-related items in the national capital: • The bas relief of Columbus Discovering America will be found on the tympanum on the exterior north side of the East Portico of the Basilica of the REAL E.'::>7:.4TE National Shrine of the Imamculate Conception (Goode, 7he Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C, p. 331). Also, at the entrance to the steps ascending the commanding Knights' Tower of the same building there is an illuminated stained glass image of Columbus. • A work of art publicly exhibited as such rather than a tribute to Columbus is Delacroix's painting, Columbus and his Son at La Rabida in the National Gallery of Art. • Not a tribute to Columbus but to his patroness is the life-size bronze statue of Queen Isabella, I, presented by the Institute of Hispanic Culture of Madrid and dedicated on the 475th anniversary of Columbus first sighting of the New World, April 14, 1966 (old calendar), at the entrance to the Organization of American PAUL E. BICIOCCHI States Bldg., Constitution Ave. and 17th St.. Sculptor was Jose Luis Sanchez. (Goode, 171e Outdoor Sc11/pt11re of Washington, D.C., pp. 444-445). Some Tributes That Didn't Make It PRES'.1.0ENT Despite its prominent location, the national memorial in front of Union Station in past years escaped the attention of some legislators who worked just a few blocks away, and who presumably had occasion to come or go via Union Station, in a day when rail was much more central to travel than it is today. An article by Milton Berliner in Jhe Washington Daily News, February 18, 1954, reported efforts on the Capitol Hill to establish a "Christopher Columbus Memorial Commission" to plan for an "appropriate" prominent Columbus memorial in the District. The press suspected ignorance of the existing memorial. This was denied by the offices of some Congressmen, but frankly admitted by one. A group preparing for the 450th anniversary in 1956 of Columbus's death had started the affair. According to Berliner, the legislators "rejected the suggestion from a C4BIN ...TOHN SHOPPINti (.'ENTER newswoman that in the interest of economy and speed, they appropriate enough 7d.25 7ZIC'J(ERft14N L4NE - SUITE ZL71 money to erect a sign at Union Station saying, 'Columbus Honored Here'." An accompanying picture from October 12, 1951 rubbed it in, showing the "Duke of P0Tt)/1:£4C,.. /l:IJJ ZL7li'5 4 Verague" (Columbus's descendant) laying a wreath at the memorial, with the Spanish ambassador looking on. ]Lll-299-1199 - (Fil.l~J ]0.l-Z99-1L7S1 7he Washington Times Herald on the same day reported that the two house members introducing the bill were Rep. Hand (R NJ) and Rep. Lane, (D. Mass), and that their offices admitted they had not been aware of the existence of the memorial fountain at Union Station. Hand introduced the measure at the request of the

24 49 municipal civil service committee of New York City, the inspiration being that Better Business Forms 450th anniversary. Senator Ives (R. N. Y.), who planned to introduce a similar measure in the Senate, knew of the memorial fountain but wanted something more suitable, "perhaps a theater" according to his son who served as his admini strative assistant, though it would be up to the commission to decide that. WASHINGTON DC BALTLMORE MD A year earlier, two bills had been introduced in the first session of the 83rd Congress, January 7, 1953. H.R. 1268 called for the erection of a sculptural piece to be known as The 202-628-3889 1 - 800-826-2373 Last Farewell and the establi shment of a Christopher Columbus Grove. The memorial piece was to be in the central niche in the Memorial A venue entrance to Arlington Cemetery, as a tribute to those of the armed forces who gave their lives in ltaly and elsewhere in World War II, with expense borne by the Christopher Columbus Memorial Foundation. The grove of white oak bordering Memorial ERIC MORSICA TO Avenue was to be known as the Christopher Columbus Grove. H. R. 1269 was intended to establish a Christopher Columbus Memorial REAL EST ATE I ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Arbor in DC, with 52 trees and tablets for all of the 48 states plus DC, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, the trees and tablets to be donated by the Citizens Committee for a Christopher Columbus Memorial Arbor. YOUR SMALL BUSINESS No action was taken on these two proposals. CONSULTANT Eight years later, on January 27, 1961 , 7he Washington Post reported that Rep. Melvin Price (D. Ill) and Rep. Peter Rodino (D. NJ.) were sponsoring a bill to build another memorial in Washington to Christopher Columbus. Price Member NCCA Boarcl said the measure envisioned something grander than the existing statue in front of ------Union Station. BEST WISHES TO THE But we think it's pretty grand as it isl --/~award M. Sullivan NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION ASSOCIATION 0000 f 000flllllf.IO l l)0UD0000110011111.l-OIOOD I O ll &OOOOMOOOOOtooo o o110001000 Oll O OllflOOOllllOOOO O OOllllOOIOll t llllOIOOOO Columbus Day October 9, 2000 TRANK YOU The National Columbus Celebration Association wishes to thank the following On the Threshold of the Twenty-first Century individuals and couples who have contributed to help offset the cost of this and the New Millennium publication Ray and Mary Donohoe Len and Nora Durso, Falls Church, VA Col Richard S. Flahaven Francis and Rita Smith ------Dr. and Mrs. S Perry Davis Joseph Scafetta, Jr, Esq . Augustine and J. Kemp Cook Mr. Wilfred Ebel Joanne Durnene E. Linda Guidotti Frances G. Swan Rev. Frank Mac'D. Spindler We salute Christopher Columbus on the Edward M. Sullivan, Ph.D. occasion of the 508th anniversary of his historic S.K. Lawrence B. and Yvonne H. West, PGK, FOO, SW voyage to America Gustav S Weber, PSD 48 25 Locations and Dates of Columbus Monuments Around the World Compiled from Peter van der Krogt's Columbus Monuments Web Site, September 19, 2000 Area Area Area Country Number Totals Country Number Totals Country Number Totals O.tes of Memorials: Period All U.S. USA 102 LATIN AMERICA EUROPE 35 New Jersey 13 & WEST INDIES 51 Spain 20 1792 1 I New York 13 Italy 10 1800-1849 6 4 Pennsylvania 13 Germany 2 1850-1859 0 0 District ofColumbia 7 WEST INDIES 25 France 1 1860-1869 4 2 California 6 Puerto Rico 8 Ireland 1 1870-1879 2 1 Connecticut 6 Bahamas 6 Portugal 1 1880-1889 5 2 Illinois 5 Cuba 5 1890-1894 20 12 Summary for Regions:: Maryland 4 Dominican Republic 2 1895-1899 3 1 EUROPE 35 Rhode Island 4 French West Indies 1 1900-1909 5 3 USA 102 Wisconsin 4 Jamaica 1 1910-1919 6 4 Masachusetts WEST INDIES 25 3 Trinidad & tobago 1 1920-1929 7 5 N Ohio 3 LA TIN AMERICA 26 Turks & Caicos 1 1930-1939 9 7 Virginia 3 Total 188 °' 1940-1949 2 2 Colorado 2 Places With More Than One Memorial: 1950-1959 9 8 Florida 2 LATIN AMERICA 26 New York City 9 1960-1969 Michigan 2 1 0 Mexico 6 Washington, D.C. 7 1970-1979 Washington 2 4 3 Argentina 5 Chicago, Ill. 4 Arizona 1 1980-1989 8 4 Brazil 2 Seville, Spain 4 Delaware 1 1990-1994 18 15 Colombia 2 Baltimore,. Md. Iowa 1 3 1995-1999 4 4 Honduras 2 Indiana 1 Beunos Aires , Argentina 3 2000-2010 (proposed) 3 2 Panama 2 Louisiana 1 Havana, Cuba 3 Totals 117 BO Peru 2 Minnesota 1 Madrid, Spain 3 (Dates were not available for all memorials) Missouri 1 Uruguay 2 San Salvador. Bahamas 3 Bon via Montana 1 1 Boston, Mass. 2 Centennial Year Memorials: Nebraska 1 Costa Rica 1 Columbus, Ohio 2 1792 1 1 South Carolina 1 Guatemala 1 Genoa , Italy 2 1892 14 8 Philadelphia, Pa. 2 1992 15 13 Santa Fe, Spain 2 Total Memorials 30 22

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'Ihe JVational Society of the Nei bors. olution 'The JVatio~~~~~~~~!:undation Ba essay . Y~ · ~ · !~~;Je~~~~~~;\~l~,.~~l ·~~ · j{~~::. §Jpltfmbus •' ..... •,· ...·. .·.·.·.·.. · . =·· .. ·.· .· Professionally, we may be bankers, but to most ./. : / Contest is op'~ ~~ ~fudents ·\ . \ \ •. of ~1\~th. hic and ra~i~tgtqµp$Jn . Grades 9.~84 l 2. of our customers, we're friends and neighbors. And that reflects our belief in building long-term, \~;\p1 topfJ~=i~t~g s~~J Christopher Cdhnn~ustdlij! it1i~i~¢!¢.4ff:Vi!lt.ti '.F#fl{i/tjf#(f!alfof Fame'" personal relationships. So if you're looking for ·:::.. :.... ?}:·:... ~::.::~:::::.:-.' ·. :··::· :: ./ .·:; ..:;:.; :: :: : ::./\)}):~'..\ : ~: ~: .f/ .·. ... :·:::· .. :::::··~:~~=::::::: ... :::::.:;::::::;:;;;;~: PRiz.E: :\::;; =·.. ·· ·:· : -... ·•... · ·.···. . · .·~·. .·· a new ban k, visit a SunTrust office or call The prize for the ri: ~tjqr~f winn¢f· ~ $.J;OQ(}; p~id)fansportation to Washington, DC and fi~~thitjg ~pr )¥1,!ilier~Ji(fA~ejfatent, all financed by the National Italian An'ierkh.ri Fduridatton: '.fhe national winner must 1-888-SunTrust today. You can count on read the prize-winning essay ii:fthe C'oli;mbus Memorial, Washington, DC on Columbus Day (October 8, 2001), during ceremonies conducted by your neighbors at SunTrust. the Washington Columbus Celebration Association.

FORM Essay is to be typewritten with no more than 750 words. Essay must have a title page which includes student's full name, address, phone number, school, grade level, name of sponsoring DAR chapter and number of words in essay. Do 1101 submit a pl10to:raph with e11try.

SUNTuusr NSDAR ADMINISTRATION OF CONTEST www.sunLrust.com This contest will be administered by the NSDAR. For further information contact - Mrs. Robert K. Middleton National Vice Chairman in Charge of the Christopher Columbus Essay

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46 27 First Prize Essay, NIAF-NSDAR Essay Contest, 1999-2000:

If Christopher Columbus Returned to the "New World" in the Year 2000, What Evidence of His Discovery Would He Find? AJJ Some by Craig L Bucki. Canisius High School, Grade I 2, East Amherst, New York Sparkle To Your Sponsored by Williams Mills Chapter, Daughters uj the American Revolution

If Christopher Columbus were to return to the American continents at the start of the third millennium, he would find a "New World" whose character Nexl Evenl exhibits the impact of his discovery in 1492. Evidence of this impact may be found in symbols, in culture, and in the spirit of the people who now make their home in the lands that Columbus introduced to the rest of the world. October 12 is celebrated throughout the "'New World' as the anniversary of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the West Indies. The perception of Columbus and his accomplishments, however, may differ among the nations of this hemisphere. In the United States, Columbus has long been viewed as an heroic explorer. In 1787, an American named Joel Barlow published a poem entitled "The Vision of Columbus." This fictional epic describes Columbus in prison as he receives a vision of America's future grandeur. [The poem] was useful to promote the Discoverer as a man persecuted for his vision; it helped to set him apart from the old, antidemocratic European order and made him more fit to be revered as a founder of a continent of free republics 1 Based on this symbolism, many in the original thirteen colonies considered "Columbia" to be an appropriate name for what would become the United States. 2 Instead, "Columbus" and its derivations were adopted for numerous other geographic locations. Thus, the nation's new capital became the District of Columbia, while Columbus and Columbia became, respectively, the capitals of Ohio and South Carolina. In time, Christopher Columbus would lend his name to more than thirty cities and towns having populations totaling more The setting . exquisite. The service .. .flawless. than 1.8 million 3 "Columbia" became included into the name for one of the Your special event.. .perfect . continent's major rivers, an Ivy League University, numerous streets, Co ll our Catering Department al 30 1-657-6420. corporations like CBS, a Canadian province, and the patriotic song, "Columbia, Direct access to Crystal Ballroom from the Gem of the Ocean." Latin America was more restrained to attaching symbolic importance to parking garage level P-3. Christopher Columbus. While visiting South America at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Alexander von Humboldt noted that he had found no natural features or monuments that were dedicated to Columbus.4 This oversight was H-Y-A-l..J finally corrected in 1886, with the formation of the Republic of Columbia. REGENCY Throughout much of Latin America, October 12 is celebrated as Dia de la Raza, BETHESDA .. the Day of the Race, or culture. Its premise is that Columbus brought about a www. hrbcatering.com new racial entity that derived from the encounter of native and Spanish cultures.5 Anglo and Latin cultures, therefore, attach a somewhat different symbolism to Columbus and his arrival in the Western Hemisphere. Nonetheless, in either

28 45 instance, Columbus now personifies a pattern of change: either from the restraints of the Old World to the freedom of the New, or toward the creation of a culture ssoc1a es, nc. that incorporates the gifts of both Europe and America. nrico Davoli, M.D. Ch3u T. L3m, M.D Beyond symbols, Christopher Columbus would today observe radical change in the culture of the Americas. Throughout most of the hemisphere, Joseph C. Evers, M.D. society follows a decidedly European model, in such dimensions as religion, PRO-LIFE AND PRO-CHASTITY government, art, language, and style of living. While native traditions continue to influence the "New World," its societies exhibit also the broad impact of 6711 Whittier Avenue European ways, as well as traditions brought by Africans who were forcibly Mclean, VA 22101 transported to the hemisphere. In truth, native, European and African cultures have affected each other. With respect to foods, for example, crops like com, 6- 22 Fax: tobacco, and the potato originated in the Western Hemisphere. But Columbus would today find in modem America such European crops as wheat and European farm animals like the horse and pig. Clearly, Columbus would see in the "New World" a society that changed materially as a result of contacts that he IN MEMORY initiated. of Perhaps the greatest evidence of the impact of Columbus is something NICK G. CATUCCI far more subtle. As a consequence of his adventurism, all Americans have joined people through out the world in a grand endeavor of exploration His voyage represented a rejection of the fear and timidity that had restrained society during THE PAST DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT the Middle Ages. Once human kind began to look beyond the familiar, progress on many fronts became inevitable. Symbolically, NASA assigned the name COMMANDER OF CATHOLIC WAR VETERANS "Columbia," to one of its space shuttles. Today, Columbus would encounter a modern society whose ever changing character is a tribute to his same spirit of discovery. Abp. Michael J. Curtey Assembly Fourth Degree, Knights of Columbus Notes I Zvi Dor-Ner, Columbus and the Age of Discovery (New York: William Morrow and For God, Church, and Country Company, Inc. , 1991 ), p.329. 2 Merrill Jensen, "Columbia," World Book t.ncyclopedia, 1993 ed. , 4, p.851. 3 Zvi Dor-Ncr, Columbus, p.339. S/K Rev. Mr. Perftcto Santiago, Asslx. Friar S/K Jim Brown, Faithful Navigator 4 fbid. at 330 S/K Rev. Mr. Donald DeRo-le, Assoc. Friar S/K Laurence Buck, Faithful Admiral 5 Ibid. at 336 S/K John Winfrey, Faithful CaJnin S/K Rick Askins, Faithful Comptroller Bibliography S/K Michael Bors~ Faithful Purser , S/K Sanford McGuire, Faithful Pilot Boyer, Paul S., et al. The l!.:nduring Vision: A History o/the American People. 3rd ed. S/K George Chapman. Faithful Scnlle : SIK John Flowers, Faithful Trustee Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C . Heath and Company, 1996 . S/K Paulino F.R Go~ Faithful Trustee .I S/K Michael~ Faithful Trustee Dolan, Sean J. Christopher Columbus: The Intrepid Mariner. New York: Fawcett SIK Nicholas Pergola, Faithful Sentinel S/K Ernest Varda, Faithful Sentinel Columbine, 1989. •...... - Dor-Ner, Zvi. Columbus and !he Age ofDiscovery. New York : William Morrow and Company, 199 I. c PHONE BUS: (301) 505-0951 Hirsch, E.D., Jr.; Kett, Joseph F.; and Trevil, James. The Dictionary ofCultural FAX (301 -262-6304 Literacy Boston: Houghton Miffiin Company, 1993. E-MAIL: [email protected] Hofstadter, Richard; Miller, William; and Aaron, Daniel. The United States: The ® History ofA Republic. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1967. • Jensen, Merrill. "Columbia." World Book Encyclopedia. 1993 edition. vol. 4. Daniel J. Quagliarello, FICF, LUTCF Lunenfeld, Marvin. "Christopher Columbus." World Book Encyclopedia 1993 edition. FIELD AGENT vol.4. Roop, Peter and Connie (editors). I Columbus: My .Journal 1492 - 1493. New York: AGENCY DEPARTM ENT 2003 KIRKLI N DRIVE Avon Books, 1990. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS OXON HILL, MD 20745 Smole, William J. "Columbia. " World Book Encyclopedia. 1993 edition. voL4.

44 29 ~afional jotiefJl BASILICA OF THE NATIONAL SHRINE ~aU£~fars of tlp ~meriran ~e\Jolution OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION 1776 D Street NW, Washington, DC 20006-5392 Reverend Monsignor Michael ]. Bransfield, Rector he DAR is a women's volunteer service organization made up of approximately 171,0?0 members with over 2,926 chapters located 111 all 50 states, the D1stnct of Columbia, TAustralia, France, Japan, Mexico and the United Kingdom. ts pleased to join in honoring On October 11, 1890, 18 women met to officially organize the NSDAR for historic, educa­ tional and patriotic purposes and it is now in its second century of service to the nation. Over 800,000 have been admitted to membership since 1890. Christopher Columbus The National Headquarters of the NSDAR is located in Washington, D.C . between 17th and 18th and C and D Streets, N.W. It covers an entire city block across from the Ellipse and for his courage, faith, and apostolic zeal, two blocks from the White House. 'l\vo of the three lmildings of this complex have been desig­ nated Registered National Historic Landmarks. Memorial Continental llall, the original build­ as well as for his devotion to the ing erected by the DAR dedicated in 1905, houses the DAR Genealogical Library, one of the finest in the country, the DAR Museum Gallery and 33 period rooms representing particular Blessed Virgin Mary. historic periods. Constitution Ball, the only known building dedicated to the Constitution of the United States, was designed by John Russell Pope and constructed in 1928-1929. The llall was primarily built to hold the DAR's annual meeting, hut from the beginning has been used for concerts, lectures and other performing arts events. The Library and Museum arc open to the public Monday through Friday 8:30 a.m.-4:00 p.m. and Sunday I :00-5:00 p.m.

N!AF THE NATIONAL ITALlAN-AMERlCAN FOUNDATION

A non-profit organization in Washington, DC that is dedicated to preserving the heritage of an estimated 20 million Americans of Italian descent, the nation's fifth largest ethnic group.

The NIAF funds scholarships, internships, conferences and other programs, and promotes closer cultural and economic ties with Italy. It slao publishes AMBASSADOR Magazine, the only national cultural magazine for Italian Americans.

For a fi-ee copy of AMBASSADOR Magazine, call or write:

The National Italian American Foundation 1860 Nineteenth Street, NW 400 Michigan Avenue Northeast Washington DC 20009 Telephone 202-387-0600 Washington, District of Columbia 202-526-8300 www.nationalshrine.com

30 43 NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION ASSOCIATION

Congratulations The most prominent commemorative figure of Christopher Columbus in the nation's capital, the only U.S. jurisdiction named for Columbus, stands in a marble fountain setting in a plaza in front of one of the great landmark buildings in the city-- Union Station-- opposite the U.S. Capitol. Dedicated in 1912 before a crowd of nearly from 20,000 individuals including President Taft and cabinet members, Supreme Court justices, members of the U.S. Congress, thousands of Knights of Columbus, and others, it has been a focal point for annual celebrations to honor the great navigator and discoverer. Over the decades the celebrations were held by various The Razzano's organizations. Jn 1934 Congress authorized and requested the President to issue an annual Columbus Day proclamation, and in 1968 declared Columbus Day a public holiday, commencing in 1971 . After that time there was a gradual evolution of planning, which involved Stephanie and Frank the Knights of Columbus, Italtan-American orgamzations, U.S. military organizations, the diplomatic corps--especially Italy, Spain, and The Bahamas--and the National Park Service. In 1989 these efforts culminated in the organization of The Washinf:,>ton Columbus Celebration Association, which has been responsible Joseph Catherine since then for the yearly Columbus Day event. The Association is governed by a board of directors elected by its general membership, with officers chosen annually by the board The Association seeks to honor not only the memory of Columbus and his Barbara and Francis historic achievement in linking the Old World and the New, but also the higher values that motivated and sustamed him in his efforts and trials. These virtues--his

faith1 the courage of his convictions, dedication to purpose, perseverance in effort, professional excellence, and boldness in facing the unknown--are as appropriate today as th<:J were in his time. The Association mvites individuals and organizations OCTOBER - 2000 who identity with these purposes to join the membership. BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Voice (301-942-2266) Fax (301-942-1206) David R. Curfman, M.D. , President Gino Marinucci, C.P.A., P.C. John C. Moore, Founding Chairman Emeritus Certified Public Accountants Paul E Biciocchi, Vice President John C. Moore, Acting Treasurer Anthony Leggio, Secretary Serving area business and individuals for over 30 years. Richard J Higgins, Esq., Counsel Accounting Financial Planning Tax Planning & Preparation Gino Marinucci, C. P.A. 11303 Amherst A venue Robert Pasquini, C.P.A. Suite 3 Javier G. Bustamante G. Pino Cicala Col. Leonard M. Durso Anthony G. Marinucci, C.P.A. Wheaton, MD 20902 Col. Charles H. Gallina Thomas J Hogan Joseph Incarnato . Thomas B. Lank T. Eric Morsicato Daniel J. Quagliarello Daniel L. Quaid, Jr. Mrs. Stephanie Razzano Richard L Sherbert, Jr. . IN CELEBRATION OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Edward M. Sullivan, Ph.D. Gustav S. Weber

Greetings from

Richan.I L. Sherbert, Jr. and Barbara Sherbert

State SecretarJ Mar~ · land State Council Knights of Columbus

42 31 The Christopher Columbus Fellowshi1> Foundation is pleased to participate in the 88 111 Anniversary of the Dedication of the Columbus Memorial

The Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation is an independent NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION Federal government agency established by Congress in 1992 to encourage ASSOCIATION new discoveries in the visionary spirit of Christopher Columbus. The Foundation has developed a three-tiered Frontiers of Discovery--Past, MEMBERS Present and Future program that awards fellowships to individuals who have made or have the potential to make new discoveries. ORGANIZATJONS In both the Past and Present programs the Foundation awards $100,000 GJ~Ni:.,RAL for innovations through competitions. The Future has three programs. National ltalian-American Foundation One program encourages middle school students to find and solve a National Society Daughters of the American Revolution community problem. The winning team is awarded a $25,()0() grant as Lido Civic Club of Washington, D.C. Fr. Nicola DeCarlo Post, Catholic War Veterans seed money to implement the idea. A $5()00 award is bestowed on an Hispanic Cultural Society of Maryland educator who works with a disability or teaches in an adverse working Holy Rosary Church (Italian Parish) environment yet inspires children. And, six young inventors arc inducted into the National Gallery for America's Young Inventors located in OJWER SONS OF ITALY IN AMh'RICA Akron, Ohio. Roma Lodge No. 71 George Washington Lodge No. 2038 For more information on the Columbus Foundation's programs, please call Prince George's County Lodge No. 2228 International Lodge No. 2522 Judi Shellenberger, Executive Director at: (315) 258-0090. Board of Trustees KNIGH7S OF COLUMBUS Supreme Council Rosalyn Queen Alonso, Chair John Pierce District of Columbia State Council Joyce Savocchia, Vice Chair Curtis Prins Maryland State Council Salvador Diaz-Vcrson, Jr. Thomas Thomas Virginia State Council Maria Lombardo Agnes Vaghi Washington Council No. 224 Bishop Patrick Byrne Council 3877 Stephen J. Moses Joyce Van Schaack Immaculate Conception Shrine Council No. 4944 Fairfax Council No. 4522 Trustee Emeriti Potomac Council 9259 Frank Annun1.io* Cardinal O'Boyle Council No. 11302 Gerard DiMarco Washington Assembly I 5 l , Fourth Degree John Harper* 11 Prince of the Church Assembly 2534, 4 ' Degree William Seavey *former chairmen Robert l Canter Insurance Agency

32 41 BIOGRAPHJES COMMERClAL Bob Grill, General Contractor ' DR. DAVID R. CURFMAN, a native of Ohio and a neurosurgeon in private practice Sport Chevrolet in Washington, D.C. is serving his sixth year as president of the National Columbus Celebration Association. His devoted interest in Christopher Columbus goes back over HONORARY MEMBERS several decades and in 1992 during the quincentenary of the great explorer's discovery was an invited guest accompanied by his wife for embarkation anniversary ceremonies Archdiocese of Washington in Spain and other commemoration events in Italy and later in the Commonwealth of The United States Army Band The Bahamas. Dr. Curfman has held numerous professional and civic leadership ''Pershing 's Own " positions in both the metropolitan area and at the national level. He is a biographee in Col. L. Bryan Shelburne, Jr., Director WHO'S WHO in MEDICINE and HEAL TH CARE, WHO'S WHO IN AMERICA, The United States Marine Band WHO'S WHO in the EAST, WHO'S WHO in SCIENCE and ENGINEERING, "1he President's Own" WHO'S WHO of EMERGING LEADERS IN AMERICA, WHO'S WHO in the Col Timothy W. Foley, Director WORLD, and WHO'S WHO (International) in MUSIC and MUSICIANS ' DIRECTORY (Cambridge, England). INDIVIDUAL ' LT MELVIN P. KESSLER, a Penmylvania native, became the assistant leader qf Virgil C. Dechant, S.K, Kott: the United States Navy Band in September, 1999. He began his musical career on trum­ Dorla Dean Elton Kemper, HPG-NSDAR James P. Kiernan, Ph .D. pet at the age often. After high school graduation he studied trumpet with Anthony Lloyd J Ogilvie, D.D. Pasquarelli at Carnegie Mellon University where he received his bachelor's degree in Jose L Restrepo, LLD. 1970. After intervening years with the Navy Band he entered graduate school where he Msgr. Robert C. Roensch studied with Charles Hois, principal trumpet with the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra Ana Maria Snell, Ph .D. and completed a master's program at Duquesne University in 1978. A second master's degree was awarded to him in conducting at Florida State University, Tallahassee, SPECIAL RECOGNITIONS Florida. He has been the recipient of numerous achievement and service awards. DISTINGUISHED OFFlCER MEDAL Edward M . Sullivan, PhD. + CRAIG R.. BUCKJ, son of Judge Carl L. and Dr. Deborah Bruch Bucki, was born DISTINGUISHED MEMBER MEDAL on October 15, 1982 in Buffalo, New York but the family now resides in the suburban Gustav S Weber, PSD, Koff:: area of East Amherst. His compelling interest in reading about presidential history at an DISTJNGUlSHED SERVICE MEDAL early age developed his skills in writing by winning a national essay contest for Alfred M Rotondaro, Ph .D. "American History Magazine" while in fourth grade. This was followed by numerous INDIVIOUAL MEMBERS other awards throughout his secondary education experience including a finalist in two National Spelling Bee's held in Washington, D.C.in 1995 and 1996, a geography bee Richard S Alesky Anthony Cantolupo sponsored by National Geographic in 1996 in the State ofNew York, research winner William B Alexander V John Capozzi for National History Day and the New York Society, Sons of the American Revolution Richard G. Amato Thomas V. Cruso essay contest winner this year. His abilities in mathematics in a gifted program at the Florence 0 . Anderson Dino J. Caterini University of Buffalo during his grade years 7 through 12 earned him 22 college credit Rev . Dr. Dixon A. Barr David William Cavanaugh Charlotte M. F. Bentley hours. Just recently he received a citation as "scholar of distinction" from The College Richard Ceccone Betty James Bernstorf G. Pino Cicala Board for Advanced Placement. As valedictorian of the graduating class at Canisius Philip W Bernstorf, M.D. Joseph Amedeo Clemente High School this year he has entered the freshman class at Yale University in adirected Paul E. Biciocchi CarToll Jefferson Collins studies program. His study of piano in his early years earned him awards and with his Joyce M. Bockemuehl J. Kemp Cook, PSD, KofC continued interest in Americsn history found him as a volunteer for the past three years Wadsworth S. Branch Joseph H. Cordes at the Theodore Roosevelt Inaugura!National History Site in Buffalo. He will present Helen Brooks Anthony Cornejo his winning composition for this year's National Columbus Essay Contest from among William H. Brown III John P. Cosgrove Javier Bustamante 3,000 entries submitted by students grade nine through twelve. This contest is spon­ Katharine Clayton Crittenberger Richard H. Calendine Maj .Gen. Willis D. Crittenberger, Jr., sored jointly by the National Society Daughters oftheAmerican Revolution and the Robert J Canter USA National Italian Foundation under the authority of the National Columbus Celebration Association. 40 33 Blanche L. Curfman Michael S. Mele ACKNOWLEDGMENTS David R. Curfman, M.D. Ralph A. Mele Lt. Col. Lucio D' Andrea, Ret'd. John C. Moore The NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRA 110N ASSOC/A TION expresses S. Perry Davis, M.D. T. Eric Morsicato Sheila H. Davis Nicholas J. Mura.tore its sincere gratitude to the following for their timely efforts, both physical and William H Davis Rev. Carmelo Negro C.S. financial, for the success of this celebration. Enrico Davoli Peter F. Nostrand + GUSTAV S. WEBER for production of the souvenir ceremony program book. Robert DeSantis Herbert Nunnenkamp # GIWRGJ~· HANNA, Master, Archdiocese of Washington District, and WILLIAM Peter Arrott Dixon Josephine V. Nunnenkamp Raymond T. Donohoe Mike Palazzo M. MULVIHILL, Master, Virginia District, for providing the Fourth Degree Color Dino Joseph Durdi Chev. Wayne E. Parthun, K.L.J. Corps of the Knights of Columbus. Leonard M. Durso Carmine Petrarca # WILLIAM M. MURRAY, Division of Ceremonies, Military District of Washing­ Daniel J. Quagliarello Co l. Wilfred L.Ebel, A.U.S. ton for the U.S. Joint Service Honor Guard and planning arrangements for the United Thomas C. Etter, Esq. Daniel L Quaid, Jr. States Navy Band. Joseph A. Fernandez Charles Quinones Louis J. Figliozzi Stephanie Razzano # VINODHINI P. DESHETTY, Special Events Coordinator, Union Station Venture, Ben C. Filpczyk Eugene T. Reimer Ltd., for use of the facilities in Union Station. David Richardson Arthur L. Finnell I THE NA710NAL PARK SERVICE for preparing the site and for their support Col. Richard S Flahaven Jose N. Rodriquez John D. Flowers Margaret Mary Rose RICHARD E. MERRYMAN, ChiefofPark Programs and RANGER ROBBIN M. Col. Charles H. Gallina Alfred M. Rotandaro OWEN; WILLIAM L NEWMAN, Chief of Maintenance; and SGT ROXANNE Bonnie Scales Glasgow .Charles L. Russo BROWN ANKNEY, U.S . Park Police. Bob Grill Gabriel 0 . Saavedra I Ushers services provided by GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY Council No. 63 75 Joseph A. Sauro, PSD, KofC E. Linda Guidotti and ('A 7HOLIC UN!VcRSI7Y OFAMl~RICA Council No. 9542, Knights of Mildred N. Hand Joseph Scafetta, Jr., Esq . Juanita M. Helmer Andrew Taylor Schaeffer Columbus. Richard l Higgins, Esq . Frank R. Shaw, Jr. + MUCS MARK C. COCHRAN, Ceremonial Leader, for professional arrangements John M. Hilliard Richard L. Sherbert, Jr. for the United States Navy Band. Charles H. Smallwood Martha V Hilton + The National Italian American Foundation. DR. ALN?ED M ROTOMJARO, Thomas J. Hogan Grahame Thomas Smallwood, Jr. Anne Carter Baldwin Holle David C. Smith Executive Director, and IUCHARD J HIGGINS, Esquire, Director of International Raymond S. Honda Francis X. Smith Affairs, for their most generous support of both this ceremony and the National Robert J. Houston Thomas E. Smith Christopher Columbus Essay Contest. Rose Caponiti Houston Rev. Dr. Frank MacD. Spindler + National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, MRS. DALE KEL!,Y Polly Jane Statham, C. PA Frederick Drum Hunt ID VE, President General; MRS. JOSEPH LINN COLBURN, Historian General; MRS Joseph Incarnato Kali Anne King Stern National American History Chairman along with Harry T. Jackson, Jr. Edward M. Sullivan, Ph.D. THOMAS R. MILLER, SR. , MRS Col. Andrew M. Johnson, AU S Frances Goff Swan ROBE,lff K MIDDLETON, National Vice-Chairman, National Christopher Columbus G. Quinton Jones, Jr. Wilma Ann Mullins Thornhill Essay Contest, and MRS THOMAS J FITZGERALD, Executive Assistant to the Robert A. Kengla Frank Hill Tigner lII President General, for their devoted administrative leadership and management of the Thomas B. Lank Anthony R. Tringale, C.L.U. contest. Patricia Scruggs Trolinger Anthony Leggio # PA UL E BICIOCCHI, Vice President, NC('A, for hotel arrangements for the Margaret Montgomery Leo Dorothy F. Vollertsen J. Phillip London Gustav S Weber, PSD, KofC contest winner and his family . W. Pless Lunger Lawrence B. West + 1ERR.Y J ADAMS, National Park Service, and RAYMOND S HONDA, Knights of Gino Marinucci Lloyce Ann West Columbus, for providing photographic services. Cesar B. Martinez Rita London White TOURMOBILE. CARLA BELL, Assistant Sales Director, for their generosity in Russell D. Maske Joseph F. Wood + Barrett L. McKown William Grantham Wood providing transportation for the winner of the Columbus Essay Contest and his family. Thomas B. McMullen, Jr. Rev. Charles Zanoni, C.S.

34 39 HISTORY OF THE Closing Hymn (AUDIENCE) UNITED STATES NAVY BAND

Since its official establishment by an Act of Congress on March 4, 1925, the U S. Navy Band has grown to become a diverse organization AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL comprised of 163 enlisted musicians and three officers. It has participated in eighteen presidential inaugurals and presents honors at White House ceremonies 0 beautiful for spacious skies, and memorial services in Arli ngton National Cemetery. The band also presents For amber waves of grain, public concerts in the Washington metropolitan area and tours the country annually. Based at the historic Washington (D.C) Navy Yard, the organization For purple mountain majesties foatures a conceit-ceremonial unit and four distinct speciality groups--the "Sea Above the fruited plain. Chanters" chorus ( 1956) the "Commodores" jazz ensemble ( 1969), the "Country Current" country-bluegrass group (I 973), and the "Cruisers" rock ensemble (Refrain) America! America! (1999). The band also features several chamber music groups. The band is God Shed His grace on thee, directed by CDR Ralph M. Gambone, the l J'h officer to hold this position. Under the baton of Lt. Charles Senter, the band' s first leader, the Navy And crown thy good with brotherhood Band was featured at many historic occasions, including the 1927 return of From sea to shining sea. Charles Lindbergh following his trans-Atlantic flight. Two years later, the band performed for the return of Adm. Richard E. Byrd from his famous South Pole 0 beautiful for patriot dream fl ight. From 1929 to 1939 the Navy Band took to the air waves with Arthur That sees beyond the years, Godfrey on NBC's "Hour of Memories" radio program. The Navy' s top musicians are also featured in national events such as the Thine alabaster cities gleam International Naval Review 2000 festivities in New York City; the 1999 Veterans 11 Undimmed by human tears. of Foreign Wars 100 ' Anniversary celebration at their national convention in Kansas City, Mo.; the 1998 rededication of the Wright Brothers National (Refrain) Memorial in Kill Devil Hills, N.C.; the 1997 dedication of the Women in Military Service For America Memorial at Arlin!,rton National Cemetery; and the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Ceremony of Dedication; the 1995 Korean War DISMISSAL Veterans Memorial celebration; the 1993 rededication of the Statue of Freedom and bicentennial of the U.S. Capitol Building; and the 1991 Desert Storm Victory Celebrations in Washington and New York. MUSICAL POSTLUDE - "Stars and Stripes Forever" Internationally the band has performed at the Festive International De John Phillip Sousa Musiques Militaries De Quebec in Quebec City, Canada, which featured military bands from Canada, France and Germany. In 1998, the band was honored to perform with Academy Award winner, Gregory Peck, at the Navy' s 223'd The United States Navy Band Birthday Concert at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and made their second appearance at the Swedish Army Tattoo in Stockholm The band perfonned in 1996 at the 300'" Anniversary of the Russian Fleet in St Petersburg, and at the Baltic International Festival of the Fleets in Kaliningrad, Russia. The Navy Band and its Country Current speciality group performed in 1992 as part of the Swedish Army Tattoo in Stockholm. The tattoo featured military bands from six countries, including the Military Orchestra of the Guard of Honor from Moscow, Russia, which also performed with the Navy Band during a joint concert in Stockholm's Berwald Hall.

38 35 COLUMBUS DAY CEREMONY cc; · "':;::'!"~~~~~~-:: MUSIC lNTERLUDE...... "CoLUMDri\ -- AMERICA". ARR. MUC CARLTON. LrND, USN (RET) produced by

NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION ASSOCIATION PRESENTATION OF MEMORIAi. WREATHS IN COOPERATION WIT!! U.S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Columbus Celebration Association NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ~- National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION Embassy of Italy Monday - October 9, 2000 Embassy of Spain COLUMBUS PLAZA - UNION STATION Embassy of The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Organization of American States MUSIC PRELUOE ...... 10:4511.m. Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation The United States Navy Band The National Italian American Foundation LT Melvin P Kessler, Assistant Leader Supreme Council, Knights of Columbus District of Columbia State Council, K ofC POSTING OF THE COLORS...... t I :00 a.m. Prince of the Church Assembly, Fourth Degree, K ofC U S Armed Forces Honor Guard - Military District of Washington Maryland State Council, K of C Knights of Columbus Fourth Degree Color Corps - Calvert Province Virginia State Council, K of C - Districts of Washington Archdiocese, Maryland and Virginia Washington Council No. 224, K ofC PROCESSION OF WREATH PRESENTERS Lido Civic Club Led by the bearer of the Columbus Expeditionary Banner Supreme Lodge, Order Sons of Italy in America NATIONAL ANTHEMS - United States of America International Lodge, O.SJ.A George Washington Lodge, O.S.LA Italy Roma Lodge, O.S.IA Spain Italian Heritage Lodge, O.SJA Commonwealth of The Bahamas Bell America Lodge, O.S.IA PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE - Mr. George Hanna, Master 4th Deg KofC Catholic War Veterans INVOCATION - The Rev. Daniel P Coughlin, Chaplain, Knights of Columbus Insurance Agency U S. House of Representatives Hispanics in History Organization RETIRING OF THE COLORS - U.S. Armed Forces Honor Guard Hispanic Cultural Association of Maryland United States/Mexico Chamber of Commerce WELCOME -Dr. David R. Curfman, President, NCCA The Jamestown Society Mr. Gentry Davis, Deputy Regional Director, NPS National Society of the Sons and Daughters of the Pilgrims Remarks - Ambassadors of Diplomatic Corps District of Columbia Branch, N.S.S.D.P. Representative, Organization of American States National Society Sons of Colonial New England READING OF PROCLAMATIONS National Society of the Sons of the American Colonists From the President of the United States of America National Society Children of the American Colonists From the Mayor of the District of Columbia Hereditary Order of the Descendants of the Loyalists and Patriots of the American Revolution INTRODUCTION - National Youth Columbus Essay Contest Winner National Society Daughters of the American Revolution SPONSORED JOINTLY BY: District of Columbia DAR The National Society Daughters of the American Revolution Maryland State Society DAR. and the National Italian American Foundation Virginia State Society DAR Mrs. Dale Kelly Love, President General, NSDAR National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution The Hon. Frankl Guarini, Chairman, NIAF District of Columbia Society SAR National Society Children of the American Revolution CRAIG R. BUCKI, East Amherst, New York \ The District of Columbia Society CAR "If Christopher Columbus Returned to the 'New World' in the Year Boy and Girl Scouts of America and Campfire Youth of 2000, What Evidence of His Discovery Would He Find?" the Archdiocese of Washington

36 37 COLUMBUS DAY CEREMONY cc; · "':;::'!"~~~~~~-:: MUSIC lNTERLUDE...... "CoLUMDri\ -- AMERICA". ARR. MUC CARLTON. LrND, USN (RET) produced by

NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION ASSOCIATION PRESENTATION OF MEMORIAi. WREATHS IN COOPERATION WIT!! U.S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Columbus Celebration Association NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ~- National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION Embassy of Italy Monday - October 9, 2000 Embassy of Spain COLUMBUS PLAZA - UNION STATION Embassy of The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Organization of American States MUSIC PRELUOE ...... 10:4511.m. Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation The United States Navy Band The National Italian American Foundation LT Melvin P Kessler, Assistant Leader Supreme Council, Knights of Columbus District of Columbia State Council, K ofC POSTING OF THE COLORS...... t I :00 a.m. Prince of the Church Assembly, Fourth Degree, K ofC U S Armed Forces Honor Guard - Military District of Washington Maryland State Council, K of C Knights of Columbus Fourth Degree Color Corps - Calvert Province Virginia State Council, K of C - Districts of Washington Archdiocese, Maryland and Virginia Washington Council No. 224, K ofC PROCESSION OF WREATH PRESENTERS Lido Civic Club Led by the bearer of the Columbus Expeditionary Banner Supreme Lodge, Order Sons of Italy in America NATIONAL ANTHEMS - United States of America International Lodge, O.SJ.A George Washington Lodge, O.S.LA Italy Roma Lodge, O.S.IA Spain Italian Heritage Lodge, O.SJA Commonwealth of The Bahamas Bell America Lodge, O.S.IA PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE - Mr. George Hanna, Master 4th Deg KofC Catholic War Veterans INVOCATION - The Rev. Daniel P Coughlin, Chaplain, Knights of Columbus Insurance Agency U S. House of Representatives Hispanics in History Organization RETIRING OF THE COLORS - U.S. Armed Forces Honor Guard Hispanic Cultural Association of Maryland United States/Mexico Chamber of Commerce WELCOME -Dr. David R. Curfman, President, NCCA The Jamestown Society Mr. Gentry Davis, Deputy Regional Director, NPS National Society of the Sons and Daughters of the Pilgrims Remarks - Ambassadors of Diplomatic Corps District of Columbia Branch, N.S.S.D.P. Representative, Organization of American States National Society Sons of Colonial New England READING OF PROCLAMATIONS National Society of the Sons of the American Colonists From the President of the United States of America National Society Children of the American Colonists From the Mayor of the District of Columbia Hereditary Order of the Descendants of the Loyalists and Patriots of the American Revolution INTRODUCTION - National Youth Columbus Essay Contest Winner National Society Daughters of the American Revolution SPONSORED JOINTLY BY: District of Columbia DAR The National Society Daughters of the American Revolution Maryland State Society DAR. and the National Italian American Foundation Virginia State Society DAR Mrs. Dale Kelly Love, President General, NSDAR National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution The Hon. Frankl Guarini, Chairman, NIAF District of Columbia Society SAR National Society Children of the American Revolution CRAIG R. BUCKI, East Amherst, New York \ The District of Columbia Society CAR "If Christopher Columbus Returned to the 'New World' in the Year Boy and Girl Scouts of America and Campfire Youth of 2000, What Evidence of His Discovery Would He Find?" the Archdiocese of Washington

36 37 HISTORY OF THE Closing Hymn (AUDIENCE) UNITED STATES NAVY BAND

Since its official establishment by an Act of Congress on March 4, 1925, the U S. Navy Band has grown to become a diverse organization AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL comprised of 163 enlisted musicians and three officers. It has participated in eighteen presidential inaugurals and presents honors at White House ceremonies 0 beautiful for spacious skies, and memorial services in Arli ngton National Cemetery. The band also presents For amber waves of grain, public concerts in the Washington metropolitan area and tours the country annually. Based at the historic Washington (D.C) Navy Yard, the organization For purple mountain majesties foatures a conceit-ceremonial unit and four distinct speciality groups--the "Sea Above the fruited plain. Chanters" chorus ( 1956) the "Commodores" jazz ensemble ( 1969), the "Country Current" country-bluegrass group (I 973), and the "Cruisers" rock ensemble (Refrain) America! America! (1999). The band also features several chamber music groups. The band is God Shed His grace on thee, directed by CDR Ralph M. Gambone, the l J'h officer to hold this position. Under the baton of Lt. Charles Senter, the band' s first leader, the Navy And crown thy good with brotherhood Band was featured at many historic occasions, including the 1927 return of From sea to shining sea. Charles Lindbergh following his trans-Atlantic flight. Two years later, the band performed for the return of Adm. Richard E. Byrd from his famous South Pole 0 beautiful for patriot dream fl ight. From 1929 to 1939 the Navy Band took to the air waves with Arthur That sees beyond the years, Godfrey on NBC's "Hour of Memories" radio program. The Navy' s top musicians are also featured in national events such as the Thine alabaster cities gleam International Naval Review 2000 festivities in New York City; the 1999 Veterans 11 Undimmed by human tears. of Foreign Wars 100 ' Anniversary celebration at their national convention in Kansas City, Mo.; the 1998 rededication of the Wright Brothers National (Refrain) Memorial in Kill Devil Hills, N.C.; the 1997 dedication of the Women in Military Service For America Memorial at Arlin!,rton National Cemetery; and the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Ceremony of Dedication; the 1995 Korean War DISMISSAL Veterans Memorial celebration; the 1993 rededication of the Statue of Freedom and bicentennial of the U.S. Capitol Building; and the 1991 Desert Storm Victory Celebrations in Washington and New York. MUSICAL POSTLUDE - "Stars and Stripes Forever" Internationally the band has performed at the Festive International De John Phillip Sousa Musiques Militaries De Quebec in Quebec City, Canada, which featured military bands from Canada, France and Germany. In 1998, the band was honored to perform with Academy Award winner, Gregory Peck, at the Navy' s 223'd The United States Navy Band Birthday Concert at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and made their second appearance at the Swedish Army Tattoo in Stockholm The band perfonned in 1996 at the 300'" Anniversary of the Russian Fleet in St Petersburg, and at the Baltic International Festival of the Fleets in Kaliningrad, Russia. The Navy Band and its Country Current speciality group performed in 1992 as part of the Swedish Army Tattoo in Stockholm. The tattoo featured military bands from six countries, including the Military Orchestra of the Guard of Honor from Moscow, Russia, which also performed with the Navy Band during a joint concert in Stockholm's Berwald Hall.

38 35 Blanche L. Curfman Michael S. Mele ACKNOWLEDGMENTS David R. Curfman, M.D. Ralph A. Mele Lt. Col. Lucio D' Andrea, Ret'd. John C. Moore The NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRA 110N ASSOC/A TION expresses S. Perry Davis, M.D. T. Eric Morsicato Sheila H. Davis Nicholas J. Mura.tore its sincere gratitude to the following for their timely efforts, both physical and William H Davis Rev. Carmelo Negro C.S. financial, for the success of this celebration. Enrico Davoli Peter F. Nostrand + GUSTAV S. WEBER for production of the souvenir ceremony program book. Robert DeSantis Herbert Nunnenkamp # GIWRGJ~· HANNA, Master, Archdiocese of Washington District, and WILLIAM Peter Arrott Dixon Josephine V. Nunnenkamp Raymond T. Donohoe Mike Palazzo M. MULVIHILL, Master, Virginia District, for providing the Fourth Degree Color Dino Joseph Durdi Chev. Wayne E. Parthun, K.L.J. Corps of the Knights of Columbus. Leonard M. Durso Carmine Petrarca # WILLIAM M. MURRAY, Division of Ceremonies, Military District of Washing­ Daniel J. Quagliarello Co l. Wilfred L.Ebel, A.U.S. ton for the U.S. Joint Service Honor Guard and planning arrangements for the United Thomas C. Etter, Esq. Daniel L Quaid, Jr. States Navy Band. Joseph A. Fernandez Charles Quinones Louis J. Figliozzi Stephanie Razzano # VINODHINI P. DESHETTY, Special Events Coordinator, Union Station Venture, Ben C. Filpczyk Eugene T. Reimer Ltd., for use of the facilities in Union Station. David Richardson Arthur L. Finnell I THE NA710NAL PARK SERVICE for preparing the site and for their support Col. Richard S Flahaven Jose N. Rodriquez John D. Flowers Margaret Mary Rose RICHARD E. MERRYMAN, ChiefofPark Programs and RANGER ROBBIN M. Col. Charles H. Gallina Alfred M. Rotandaro OWEN; WILLIAM L NEWMAN, Chief of Maintenance; and SGT ROXANNE Bonnie Scales Glasgow .Charles L. Russo BROWN ANKNEY, U.S . Park Police. Bob Grill Gabriel 0 . Saavedra I Ushers services provided by GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY Council No. 63 75 Joseph A. Sauro, PSD, KofC E. Linda Guidotti and ('A 7HOLIC UN!VcRSI7Y OFAMl~RICA Council No. 9542, Knights of Mildred N. Hand Joseph Scafetta, Jr., Esq . Juanita M. Helmer Andrew Taylor Schaeffer Columbus. Richard l Higgins, Esq . Frank R. Shaw, Jr. + MUCS MARK C. COCHRAN, Ceremonial Leader, for professional arrangements John M. Hilliard Richard L. Sherbert, Jr. for the United States Navy Band. Charles H. Smallwood Martha V Hilton + The National Italian American Foundation. DR. ALN?ED M ROTOMJARO, Thomas J. Hogan Grahame Thomas Smallwood, Jr. Anne Carter Baldwin Holle David C. Smith Executive Director, and IUCHARD J HIGGINS, Esquire, Director of International Raymond S. Honda Francis X. Smith Affairs, for their most generous support of both this ceremony and the National Robert J. Houston Thomas E. Smith Christopher Columbus Essay Contest. Rose Caponiti Houston Rev. Dr. Frank MacD. Spindler + National Society Daughters of the American Revolution, MRS. DALE KEL!,Y Polly Jane Statham, C. PA Frederick Drum Hunt ID VE, President General; MRS. JOSEPH LINN COLBURN, Historian General; MRS Joseph Incarnato Kali Anne King Stern National American History Chairman along with Harry T. Jackson, Jr. Edward M. Sullivan, Ph.D. THOMAS R. MILLER, SR. , MRS Col. Andrew M. Johnson, AU S Frances Goff Swan ROBE,lff K MIDDLETON, National Vice-Chairman, National Christopher Columbus G. Quinton Jones, Jr. Wilma Ann Mullins Thornhill Essay Contest, and MRS THOMAS J FITZGERALD, Executive Assistant to the Robert A. Kengla Frank Hill Tigner lII President General, for their devoted administrative leadership and management of the Thomas B. Lank Anthony R. Tringale, C.L.U. contest. Patricia Scruggs Trolinger Anthony Leggio # PA UL E BICIOCCHI, Vice President, NC('A, for hotel arrangements for the Margaret Montgomery Leo Dorothy F. Vollertsen J. Phillip London Gustav S Weber, PSD, KofC contest winner and his family . W. Pless Lunger Lawrence B. West + 1ERR.Y J ADAMS, National Park Service, and RAYMOND S HONDA, Knights of Gino Marinucci Lloyce Ann West Columbus, for providing photographic services. Cesar B. Martinez Rita London White TOURMOBILE. CARLA BELL, Assistant Sales Director, for their generosity in Russell D. Maske Joseph F. Wood + Barrett L. McKown William Grantham Wood providing transportation for the winner of the Columbus Essay Contest and his family. Thomas B. McMullen, Jr. Rev. Charles Zanoni, C.S.

34 39 BIOGRAPHJES COMMERClAL Bob Grill, General Contractor ' DR. DAVID R. CURFMAN, a native of Ohio and a neurosurgeon in private practice Sport Chevrolet in Washington, D.C. is serving his sixth year as president of the National Columbus Celebration Association. His devoted interest in Christopher Columbus goes back over HONORARY MEMBERS several decades and in 1992 during the quincentenary of the great explorer's discovery was an invited guest accompanied by his wife for embarkation anniversary ceremonies Archdiocese of Washington in Spain and other commemoration events in Italy and later in the Commonwealth of The United States Army Band The Bahamas. Dr. Curfman has held numerous professional and civic leadership ''Pershing 's Own " positions in both the metropolitan area and at the national level. He is a biographee in Col. L. Bryan Shelburne, Jr., Director WHO'S WHO in MEDICINE and HEAL TH CARE, WHO'S WHO IN AMERICA, The United States Marine Band WHO'S WHO in the EAST, WHO'S WHO in SCIENCE and ENGINEERING, "1he President's Own" WHO'S WHO of EMERGING LEADERS IN AMERICA, WHO'S WHO in the Col Timothy W. Foley, Director WORLD, and WHO'S WHO (International) in MUSIC and MUSICIANS ' DIRECTORY (Cambridge, England). INDIVIDUAL ' LT MELVIN P. KESSLER, a Penmylvania native, became the assistant leader qf Virgil C. Dechant, S.K, Kott: the United States Navy Band in September, 1999. He began his musical career on trum­ Dorla Dean Elton Kemper, HPG-NSDAR James P. Kiernan, Ph .D. pet at the age often. After high school graduation he studied trumpet with Anthony Lloyd J Ogilvie, D.D. Pasquarelli at Carnegie Mellon University where he received his bachelor's degree in Jose L Restrepo, LLD. 1970. After intervening years with the Navy Band he entered graduate school where he Msgr. Robert C. Roensch studied with Charles Hois, principal trumpet with the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra Ana Maria Snell, Ph .D. and completed a master's program at Duquesne University in 1978. A second master's degree was awarded to him in conducting at Florida State University, Tallahassee, SPECIAL RECOGNITIONS Florida. He has been the recipient of numerous achievement and service awards. DISTINGUISHED OFFlCER MEDAL Edward M . Sullivan, PhD. + CRAIG R.. BUCKJ, son of Judge Carl L. and Dr. Deborah Bruch Bucki, was born DISTINGUISHED MEMBER MEDAL on October 15, 1982 in Buffalo, New York but the family now resides in the suburban Gustav S Weber, PSD, Koff:: area of East Amherst. His compelling interest in reading about presidential history at an DISTJNGUlSHED SERVICE MEDAL early age developed his skills in writing by winning a national essay contest for Alfred M Rotondaro, Ph .D. "American History Magazine" while in fourth grade. This was followed by numerous INDIVIOUAL MEMBERS other awards throughout his secondary education experience including a finalist in two National Spelling Bee's held in Washington, D.C.in 1995 and 1996, a geography bee Richard S Alesky Anthony Cantolupo sponsored by National Geographic in 1996 in the State ofNew York, research winner William B Alexander V John Capozzi for National History Day and the New York Society, Sons of the American Revolution Richard G. Amato Thomas V. Cruso essay contest winner this year. His abilities in mathematics in a gifted program at the Florence 0 . Anderson Dino J. Caterini University of Buffalo during his grade years 7 through 12 earned him 22 college credit Rev . Dr. Dixon A. Barr David William Cavanaugh Charlotte M. F. Bentley hours. Just recently he received a citation as "scholar of distinction" from The College Richard Ceccone Betty James Bernstorf G. Pino Cicala Board for Advanced Placement. As valedictorian of the graduating class at Canisius Philip W Bernstorf, M.D. Joseph Amedeo Clemente High School this year he has entered the freshman class at Yale University in adirected Paul E. Biciocchi CarToll Jefferson Collins studies program. His study of piano in his early years earned him awards and with his Joyce M. Bockemuehl J. Kemp Cook, PSD, KofC continued interest in Americsn history found him as a volunteer for the past three years Wadsworth S. Branch Joseph H. Cordes at the Theodore Roosevelt Inaugura!National History Site in Buffalo. He will present Helen Brooks Anthony Cornejo his winning composition for this year's National Columbus Essay Contest from among William H. Brown III John P. Cosgrove Javier Bustamante 3,000 entries submitted by students grade nine through twelve. This contest is spon­ Katharine Clayton Crittenberger Richard H. Calendine Maj .Gen. Willis D. Crittenberger, Jr., sored jointly by the National Society Daughters oftheAmerican Revolution and the Robert J Canter USA National Italian Foundation under the authority of the National Columbus Celebration Association. 40 33 The Christopher Columbus Fellowshi1> Foundation is pleased to participate in the 88 111 Anniversary of the Dedication of the Columbus Memorial

The Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation is an independent NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION Federal government agency established by Congress in 1992 to encourage ASSOCIATION new discoveries in the visionary spirit of Christopher Columbus. The Foundation has developed a three-tiered Frontiers of Discovery--Past, MEMBERS Present and Future program that awards fellowships to individuals who have made or have the potential to make new discoveries. ORGANIZATJONS In both the Past and Present programs the Foundation awards $100,000 GJ~Ni:.,RAL for innovations through competitions. The Future has three programs. National ltalian-American Foundation One program encourages middle school students to find and solve a National Society Daughters of the American Revolution community problem. The winning team is awarded a $25,()0() grant as Lido Civic Club of Washington, D.C. Fr. Nicola DeCarlo Post, Catholic War Veterans seed money to implement the idea. A $5()00 award is bestowed on an Hispanic Cultural Society of Maryland educator who works with a disability or teaches in an adverse working Holy Rosary Church (Italian Parish) environment yet inspires children. And, six young inventors arc inducted into the National Gallery for America's Young Inventors located in OJWER SONS OF ITALY IN AMh'RICA Akron, Ohio. Roma Lodge No. 71 George Washington Lodge No. 2038 For more information on the Columbus Foundation's programs, please call Prince George's County Lodge No. 2228 International Lodge No. 2522 Judi Shellenberger, Executive Director at: (315) 258-0090. Board of Trustees KNIGH7S OF COLUMBUS Supreme Council Rosalyn Queen Alonso, Chair John Pierce District of Columbia State Council Joyce Savocchia, Vice Chair Curtis Prins Maryland State Council Salvador Diaz-Vcrson, Jr. Thomas Thomas Virginia State Council Maria Lombardo Agnes Vaghi Washington Council No. 224 Bishop Patrick Byrne Council 3877 Stephen J. Moses Joyce Van Schaack Immaculate Conception Shrine Council No. 4944 Fairfax Council No. 4522 Trustee Emeriti Potomac Council 9259 Frank Annun1.io* Cardinal O'Boyle Council No. 11302 Gerard DiMarco Washington Assembly I 5 l , Fourth Degree John Harper* 11 Prince of the Church Assembly 2534, 4 ' Degree William Seavey *former chairmen Robert l Canter Insurance Agency

32 41 NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION ASSOCIATION

Congratulations The most prominent commemorative figure of Christopher Columbus in the nation's capital, the only U.S. jurisdiction named for Columbus, stands in a marble fountain setting in a plaza in front of one of the great landmark buildings in the city-- Union Station-- opposite the U.S. Capitol. Dedicated in 1912 before a crowd of nearly from 20,000 individuals including President Taft and cabinet members, Supreme Court justices, members of the U.S. Congress, thousands of Knights of Columbus, and others, it has been a focal point for annual celebrations to honor the great navigator and discoverer. Over the decades the celebrations were held by various The Razzano's organizations. Jn 1934 Congress authorized and requested the President to issue an annual Columbus Day proclamation, and in 1968 declared Columbus Day a public holiday, commencing in 1971 . After that time there was a gradual evolution of planning, which involved Stephanie and Frank the Knights of Columbus, Italtan-American orgamzations, U.S. military organizations, the diplomatic corps--especially Italy, Spain, and The Bahamas--and the National Park Service. In 1989 these efforts culminated in the organization of The Washinf:,>ton Columbus Celebration Association, which has been responsible Joseph Catherine since then for the yearly Columbus Day event. The Association is governed by a board of directors elected by its general membership, with officers chosen annually by the board The Association seeks to honor not only the memory of Columbus and his Barbara and Francis historic achievement in linking the Old World and the New, but also the higher values that motivated and sustamed him in his efforts and trials. These virtues--his

faith1 the courage of his convictions, dedication to purpose, perseverance in effort, professional excellence, and boldness in facing the unknown--are as appropriate today as th<:J were in his time. The Association mvites individuals and organizations OCTOBER - 2000 who identity with these purposes to join the membership. BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Voice (301-942-2266) Fax (301-942-1206) David R. Curfman, M.D. , President Gino Marinucci, C.P.A., P.C. John C. Moore, Founding Chairman Emeritus Certified Public Accountants Paul E Biciocchi, Vice President John C. Moore, Acting Treasurer Anthony Leggio, Secretary Serving area business and individuals for over 30 years. Richard J Higgins, Esq., Counsel Accounting Financial Planning Tax Planning & Preparation Gino Marinucci, C. P.A. 11303 Amherst A venue Robert Pasquini, C.P.A. Suite 3 Javier G. Bustamante G. Pino Cicala Col. Leonard M. Durso Anthony G. Marinucci, C.P.A. Wheaton, MD 20902 Col. Charles H. Gallina Thomas J Hogan Joseph Incarnato . Thomas B. Lank T. Eric Morsicato Daniel J. Quagliarello Daniel L. Quaid, Jr. Mrs. Stephanie Razzano Richard L Sherbert, Jr. . IN CELEBRATION OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Edward M. Sullivan, Ph.D. Gustav S. Weber

Greetings from

Richan.I L. Sherbert, Jr. and Barbara Sherbert

State SecretarJ Mar~ · land State Council Knights of Columbus

42 31 ~afional jotiefJl BASILICA OF THE NATIONAL SHRINE ~aU£~fars of tlp ~meriran ~e\Jolution OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION 1776 D Street NW, Washington, DC 20006-5392 Reverend Monsignor Michael ]. Bransfield, Rector he DAR is a women's volunteer service organization made up of approximately 171,0?0 members with over 2,926 chapters located 111 all 50 states, the D1stnct of Columbia, TAustralia, France, Japan, Mexico and the United Kingdom. ts pleased to join in honoring On October 11, 1890, 18 women met to officially organize the NSDAR for historic, educa­ tional and patriotic purposes and it is now in its second century of service to the nation. Over 800,000 have been admitted to membership since 1890. Christopher Columbus The National Headquarters of the NSDAR is located in Washington, D.C . between 17th and 18th and C and D Streets, N.W. It covers an entire city block across from the Ellipse and for his courage, faith, and apostolic zeal, two blocks from the White House. 'l\vo of the three lmildings of this complex have been desig­ nated Registered National Historic Landmarks. Memorial Continental llall, the original build­ as well as for his devotion to the ing erected by the DAR dedicated in 1905, houses the DAR Genealogical Library, one of the finest in the country, the DAR Museum Gallery and 33 period rooms representing particular Blessed Virgin Mary. historic periods. Constitution Ball, the only known building dedicated to the Constitution of the United States, was designed by John Russell Pope and constructed in 1928-1929. The llall was primarily built to hold the DAR's annual meeting, hut from the beginning has been used for concerts, lectures and other performing arts events. The Library and Museum arc open to the public Monday through Friday 8:30 a.m.-4:00 p.m. and Sunday I :00-5:00 p.m.

N!AF THE NATIONAL ITALlAN-AMERlCAN FOUNDATION

A non-profit organization in Washington, DC that is dedicated to preserving the heritage of an estimated 20 million Americans of Italian descent, the nation's fifth largest ethnic group.

The NIAF funds scholarships, internships, conferences and other programs, and promotes closer cultural and economic ties with Italy. It slao publishes AMBASSADOR Magazine, the only national cultural magazine for Italian Americans.

For a fi-ee copy of AMBASSADOR Magazine, call or write:

The National Italian American Foundation 1860 Nineteenth Street, NW 400 Michigan Avenue Northeast Washington DC 20009 Telephone 202-387-0600 Washington, District of Columbia 202-526-8300 www.nationalshrine.com

30 43 instance, Columbus now personifies a pattern of change: either from the restraints of the Old World to the freedom of the New, or toward the creation of a culture ssoc1a es, nc. that incorporates the gifts of both Europe and America. nrico Davoli, M.D. Ch3u T. L3m, M.D Beyond symbols, Christopher Columbus would today observe radical change in the culture of the Americas. Throughout most of the hemisphere, Joseph C. Evers, M.D. society follows a decidedly European model, in such dimensions as religion, PRO-LIFE AND PRO-CHASTITY government, art, language, and style of living. While native traditions continue to influence the "New World," its societies exhibit also the broad impact of 6711 Whittier Avenue European ways, as well as traditions brought by Africans who were forcibly Mclean, VA 22101 transported to the hemisphere. In truth, native, European and African cultures have affected each other. With respect to foods, for example, crops like com, 6- 22 Fax: tobacco, and the potato originated in the Western Hemisphere. But Columbus would today find in modem America such European crops as wheat and European farm animals like the horse and pig. Clearly, Columbus would see in the "New World" a society that changed materially as a result of contacts that he IN MEMORY initiated. of Perhaps the greatest evidence of the impact of Columbus is something NICK G. CATUCCI far more subtle. As a consequence of his adventurism, all Americans have joined people through out the world in a grand endeavor of exploration His voyage represented a rejection of the fear and timidity that had restrained society during THE PAST DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT the Middle Ages. Once human kind began to look beyond the familiar, progress on many fronts became inevitable. Symbolically, NASA assigned the name COMMANDER OF CATHOLIC WAR VETERANS "Columbia," to one of its space shuttles. Today, Columbus would encounter a modern society whose ever changing character is a tribute to his same spirit of discovery. Abp. Michael J. Curtey Assembly Fourth Degree, Knights of Columbus Notes I Zvi Dor-Ner, Columbus and the Age of Discovery (New York: William Morrow and For God, Church, and Country Company, Inc. , 1991 ), p.329. 2 Merrill Jensen, "Columbia," World Book t.ncyclopedia, 1993 ed. , 4, p.851. 3 Zvi Dor-Ncr, Columbus, p.339. S/K Rev. Mr. Perftcto Santiago, Asslx. Friar S/K Jim Brown, Faithful Navigator 4 fbid. at 330 S/K Rev. Mr. Donald DeRo-le, Assoc. Friar S/K Laurence Buck, Faithful Admiral 5 Ibid. at 336 S/K John Winfrey, Faithful CaJnin S/K Rick Askins, Faithful Comptroller Bibliography S/K Michael Bors~ Faithful Purser , S/K Sanford McGuire, Faithful Pilot Boyer, Paul S., et al. The l!.:nduring Vision: A History o/the American People. 3rd ed. S/K George Chapman. Faithful Scnlle : SIK John Flowers, Faithful Trustee Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C . Heath and Company, 1996 . S/K Paulino F.R Go~ Faithful Trustee .I S/K Michael~ Faithful Trustee Dolan, Sean J. Christopher Columbus: The Intrepid Mariner. New York: Fawcett SIK Nicholas Pergola, Faithful Sentinel S/K Ernest Varda, Faithful Sentinel Columbine, 1989. •...... - Dor-Ner, Zvi. Columbus and !he Age ofDiscovery. New York : William Morrow and Company, 199 I. c PHONE BUS: (301) 505-0951 Hirsch, E.D., Jr.; Kett, Joseph F.; and Trevil, James. The Dictionary ofCultural FAX (301 -262-6304 Literacy Boston: Houghton Miffiin Company, 1993. E-MAIL: [email protected] Hofstadter, Richard; Miller, William; and Aaron, Daniel. The United States: The ® History ofA Republic. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1967. • Jensen, Merrill. "Columbia." World Book Encyclopedia. 1993 edition. vol. 4. Daniel J. Quagliarello, FICF, LUTCF Lunenfeld, Marvin. "Christopher Columbus." World Book Encyclopedia 1993 edition. FIELD AGENT vol.4. Roop, Peter and Connie (editors). I Columbus: My .Journal 1492 - 1493. New York: AGENCY DEPARTM ENT 2003 KIRKLI N DRIVE Avon Books, 1990. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS OXON HILL, MD 20745 Smole, William J. "Columbia. " World Book Encyclopedia. 1993 edition. voL4.

44 29 First Prize Essay, NIAF-NSDAR Essay Contest, 1999-2000:

If Christopher Columbus Returned to the "New World" in the Year 2000, What Evidence of His Discovery Would He Find? AJJ Some by Craig L Bucki. Canisius High School, Grade I 2, East Amherst, New York Sparkle To Your Sponsored by Williams Mills Chapter, Daughters uj the American Revolution

If Christopher Columbus were to return to the American continents at the start of the third millennium, he would find a "New World" whose character Nexl Evenl exhibits the impact of his discovery in 1492. Evidence of this impact may be found in symbols, in culture, and in the spirit of the people who now make their home in the lands that Columbus introduced to the rest of the world. October 12 is celebrated throughout the "'New World' as the anniversary of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the West Indies. The perception of Columbus and his accomplishments, however, may differ among the nations of this hemisphere. In the United States, Columbus has long been viewed as an heroic explorer. In 1787, an American named Joel Barlow published a poem entitled "The Vision of Columbus." This fictional epic describes Columbus in prison as he receives a vision of America's future grandeur. [The poem] was useful to promote the Discoverer as a man persecuted for his vision; it helped to set him apart from the old, antidemocratic European order and made him more fit to be revered as a founder of a continent of free republics 1 Based on this symbolism, many in the original thirteen colonies considered "Columbia" to be an appropriate name for what would become the United States. 2 Instead, "Columbus" and its derivations were adopted for numerous other geographic locations. Thus, the nation's new capital became the District of Columbia, while Columbus and Columbia became, respectively, the capitals of Ohio and South Carolina. In time, Christopher Columbus would lend his name to more than thirty cities and towns having populations totaling more The setting . exquisite. The service .. .flawless. than 1.8 million 3 "Columbia" became included into the name for one of the Your special event.. .perfect . continent's major rivers, an Ivy League University, numerous streets, Co ll our Catering Department al 30 1-657-6420. corporations like CBS, a Canadian province, and the patriotic song, "Columbia, Direct access to Crystal Ballroom from the Gem of the Ocean." Latin America was more restrained to attaching symbolic importance to parking garage level P-3. Christopher Columbus. While visiting South America at the beginning of the nineteenth century, Alexander von Humboldt noted that he had found no natural features or monuments that were dedicated to Columbus.4 This oversight was H-Y-A-l..J finally corrected in 1886, with the formation of the Republic of Columbia. REGENCY Throughout much of Latin America, October 12 is celebrated as Dia de la Raza, BETHESDA .. the Day of the Race, or culture. Its premise is that Columbus brought about a www. hrbcatering.com new racial entity that derived from the encounter of native and Spanish cultures.5 Anglo and Latin cultures, therefore, attach a somewhat different symbolism to Columbus and his arrival in the Western Hemisphere. Nonetheless, in either

28 45 Friends. N!AF

'Ihe JVational Society of the Nei bors. olution 'The JVatio~~~~~~~~!:undation Ba essay . Y~ · ~ · !~~;Je~~~~~~;\~l~,.~~l ·~~ · j{~~::. §Jpltfmbus •' ..... •,· ...·. .·.·.·.·.. · . =·· .. ·.· .· Professionally, we may be bankers, but to most ./. : / Contest is op'~ ~~ ~fudents ·\ . \ \ •. of ~1\~th. hic and ra~i~tgtqµp$Jn . Grades 9.~84 l 2. of our customers, we're friends and neighbors. And that reflects our belief in building long-term, \~;\p1 topfJ~=i~t~g s~~J Christopher Cdhnn~ustdlij! it1i~i~¢!¢.4ff:Vi!lt.ti '.F#fl{i/tjf#(f!alfof Fame'" personal relationships. So if you're looking for ·:::.. :.... ?}:·:... ~::.::~:::::.:-.' ·. :··::· :: ./ .·:; ..:;:.; :: :: : ::./\)}):~'..\ : ~: ~: .f/ .·. ... :·:::· .. :::::··~:~~=::::::: ... :::::.:;::::::;:;;;;~: PRiz.E: :\::;; =·.. ·· ·:· : -... ·•... · ·.···. . · .·~·. .·· a new ban k, visit a SunTrust office or call The prize for the ri: ~tjqr~f winn¢f· ~ $.J;OQ(}; p~id)fansportation to Washington, DC and fi~~thitjg ~pr )¥1,!ilier~Ji(fA~ejfatent, all financed by the National Italian An'ierkh.ri Fduridatton: '.fhe national winner must 1-888-SunTrust today. You can count on read the prize-winning essay ii:fthe C'oli;mbus Memorial, Washington, DC on Columbus Day (October 8, 2001), during ceremonies conducted by your neighbors at SunTrust. the Washington Columbus Celebration Association.

FORM Essay is to be typewritten with no more than 750 words. Essay must have a title page which includes student's full name, address, phone number, school, grade level, name of sponsoring DAR chapter and number of words in essay. Do 1101 submit a pl10to:raph with e11try.

SUNTuusr NSDAR ADMINISTRATION OF CONTEST www.sunLrust.com This contest will be administered by the NSDAR. For further information contact - Mrs. Robert K. Middleton National Vice Chairman in Charge of the Christopher Columbus Essay

~ h.1u.ll I loll'.inv, Ll·1u_kr. f'vkmlx·r I DIC./' 2000 S1111Tn1..,l B.rnh lnr 1514 Moss Avenue, Peoria, IL 61606-1638 1EJ :-.ur l ln1 ., t ,., ,1 rl.'gi :-. h..'1L'd Sl' rv in· 11f S11111111 :-. t lt111ks, 1111 <: ... 1 10 1.00 (309) 676-6115

46 27

municipal civil service committee of New York City, the inspiration being that Better Business Forms 450th anniversary. Senator Ives (R. N. Y.), who planned to introduce a similar measure in the Senate, knew of the memorial fountain but wanted something more suitable, "perhaps a theater" according to his son who served as his admini strative assistant, though it would be up to the commission to decide that. WASHINGTON DC BALTLMORE MD A year earlier, two bills had been introduced in the first session of the 83rd Congress, January 7, 1953. H.R. 1268 called for the erection of a sculptural piece to be known as The 202-628-3889 1 - 800-826-2373 Last Farewell and the establi shment of a Christopher Columbus Grove. The memorial piece was to be in the central niche in the Memorial A venue entrance to Arlington Cemetery, as a tribute to those of the armed forces who gave their lives in ltaly and elsewhere in World War II, with expense borne by the Christopher Columbus Memorial Foundation. The grove of white oak bordering Memorial ERIC MORSICA TO Avenue was to be known as the Christopher Columbus Grove. H. R. 1269 was intended to establish a Christopher Columbus Memorial REAL EST ATE I ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Arbor in DC, with 52 trees and tablets for all of the 48 states plus DC, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, the trees and tablets to be donated by the Citizens Committee for a Christopher Columbus Memorial Arbor. YOUR SMALL BUSINESS No action was taken on these two proposals. CONSULTANT Eight years later, on January 27, 1961 , 7he Washington Post reported that Rep. Melvin Price (D. Ill) and Rep. Peter Rodino (D. NJ.) were sponsoring a bill to build another memorial in Washington to Christopher Columbus. Price Member NCCA Boarcl said the measure envisioned something grander than the existing statue in front of ------Union Station. BEST WISHES TO THE But we think it's pretty grand as it isl --/~award M. Sullivan NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION ASSOCIATION 0000 f 000flllllf.IO l l)0UD0000110011111.l-OIOOD I O ll &OOOOMOOOOOtooo o o110001000 Oll O OllflOOOllllOOOO O OOllllOOIOll t llllOIOOOO Columbus Day October 9, 2000 TRANK YOU The National Columbus Celebration Association wishes to thank the following On the Threshold of the Twenty-first Century individuals and couples who have contributed to help offset the cost of this and the New Millennium publication Ray and Mary Donohoe Len and Nora Durso, Falls Church, VA Col Richard S. Flahaven Francis and Rita Smith ------Dr. and Mrs. S Perry Davis Joseph Scafetta, Jr, Esq . Augustine and J. Kemp Cook Mr. Wilfred Ebel Joanne Durnene E. Linda Guidotti Frances G. Swan Rev. Frank Mac'D. Spindler We salute Christopher Columbus on the Edward M. Sullivan, Ph.D. occasion of the 508th anniversary of his historic S.K. Lawrence B. and Yvonne H. West, PGK, FOO, SW voyage to America Gustav S Weber, PSD 48 25 • Mural of Columbus Coat of Arms ( 1938; artist Buell Mullen), donated by the Hispanic Society of America, in the Library of Congress, Jefferson Building, Hispanic Room. It is a large wall mural on stainless steel. AJl tributes described above in the Capitol and the Library of Congress, both celebrating their bicentennial this year, are handsomely illustrated in the booklet Columbus in the Capitol, Commemorative Quincentenary Edition, Government Printing Office, 1992. Several Additional Items in Washington, D.C. FORUH PROPER.TIES/ Not included in the NIAF listing are several other Columbus-related items in the national capital: • The bas relief of Columbus Discovering America will be found on the tympanum on the exterior north side of the East Portico of the Basilica of the REAL E.'::>7:.4TE National Shrine of the Imamculate Conception (Goode, 7he Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C, p. 331). Also, at the entrance to the steps ascending the commanding Knights' Tower of the same building there is an illuminated stained glass image of Columbus. • A work of art publicly exhibited as such rather than a tribute to Columbus is Delacroix's painting, Columbus and his Son at La Rabida in the National Gallery of Art. • Not a tribute to Columbus but to his patroness is the life-size bronze statue of Queen Isabella, I, presented by the Institute of Hispanic Culture of Madrid and dedicated on the 475th anniversary of Columbus first sighting of the New World, April 14, 1966 (old calendar), at the entrance to the Organization of American PAUL E. BICIOCCHI States Bldg., Constitution Ave. and 17th St.. Sculptor was Jose Luis Sanchez. (Goode, 171e Outdoor Sc11/pt11re of Washington, D.C., pp. 444-445). Some Tributes That Didn't Make It PRES'.1.0ENT Despite its prominent location, the national memorial in front of Union Station in past years escaped the attention of some legislators who worked just a few blocks away, and who presumably had occasion to come or go via Union Station, in a day when rail was much more central to travel than it is today. An article by Milton Berliner in Jhe Washington Daily News, February 18, 1954, reported efforts on the Capitol Hill to establish a "Christopher Columbus Memorial Commission" to plan for an "appropriate" prominent Columbus memorial in the District. The press suspected ignorance of the existing memorial. This was denied by the offices of some Congressmen, but frankly admitted by one. A group preparing for the 450th anniversary in 1956 of Columbus's death had started the affair. According to Berliner, the legislators "rejected the suggestion from a C4BIN ...TOHN SHOPPINti (.'ENTER newswoman that in the interest of economy and speed, they appropriate enough 7d.25 7ZIC'J(ERft14N L4NE - SUITE ZL71 money to erect a sign at Union Station saying, 'Columbus Honored Here'." An accompanying picture from October 12, 1951 rubbed it in, showing the "Duke of P0Tt)/1:£4C,.. /l:IJJ ZL7li'5 4 Verague" (Columbus's descendant) laying a wreath at the memorial, with the Spanish ambassador looking on. ]Lll-299-1199 - (Fil.l~J ]0.l-Z99-1L7S1 7he Washington Times Herald on the same day reported that the two house members introducing the bill were Rep. Hand (R NJ) and Rep. Lane, (D. Mass), and that their offices admitted they had not been aware of the existence of the memorial fountain at Union Station. Hand introduced the measure at the request of the

24 49 • Bronze statue 7 feet high ( 1897; ai1ist: Paul Wayland Bartlett) in the Library of Congress, Jefferson Building, Main Reading Room). Cast by Henry Bonnard Bronze Co. in New York Columbus stands gazing into the distance with his left Best Wishes For A Most Successful hand grasping a set of maps while his right hand is open in supplication. • Profile bust ( l825-1827; artist Antonio Capell ano and Enrico Causici) in the Columbus Day Celebration U.S . Capitol Rotunda, a sandstone relief in the wall, about 6' high by 18' wide. • Marble statue on a stone pedestal ( 1992, artist unknown) in the Courtyard of MARYLAND STATE COUNCIL Holy Rosary Church, 3rd and F sts , N.W. donated by the Lido Civic Club. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS Columbus holds a globe in his left hand and a cross in his right hand while standing next to a dock. (Customarily the Sunday religious ceremony preceding Columbus Day concludes at this statue. The statue is illustrated in our program books of the last several years.) •Statue group The Discovery of America (1836; artist Luigi Persico), displayed in the Capitol 1836 - 1844 but in storage since 1958; a 16-foot high tableau of Columbus with an Indian woman. (The earliest known photograph of the Capitol, taken about 1846 by John Plumbe, Jr. shows Persico's sculpture group to the left of the main steps outside of the East Entrance to the Capitol. The photo is reproduced in James M. Goode, 7he Outdoor Seu/pure (?{ Washington, D. C, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974, p. 51.) • Marble bust ( 1817; artist: Giuseppe Ceracchi) in the White House Blue Room; bust modeled by 18th-century sculptor Giuseppe Ceracchim, carved by others after his death in 180 l ; purchased for the White House in 1817. Frescoes: • Fresco of a seated Columbus, wearing a cape and touching a globe mounted Honorary State Chaplains on a column ( l 859; artist: Costantino Brumidi) in the US Capitol, The His Eminence James Cardinal Hickey, Archbishop of Washington President's Room, Senate Wing, Office S-216. Approximately 5 feet high by 3 His Eminence William Cardinal Keeler, Archbishop of Baltimore feet wide. (This was featured on the cover of our 1999 program booklet.) • Fresco lunette entitled Columbus am/ the lmlian Maiden ( 1875, artist His Excellency Most Reverend Michael A. Saltarelli, Bishop of Wilmini,,rton Costantino Brumidi) in the Senate Wing of the U.S. Capitol, first floor, west corridor. Columbus stands on a sandy beach with a small rowboat at his side. His ship is in the background. Columbus holds a map in his left hand. With his right Romeo Gauthier Rev. Michael J. Roach hand he lifts a veil covering a native woman sitting on a large rock State De1mty State Chaplain •Fresco frieze, 8' 4" high, 58' above the floor (1878; artist: Costantino Brumidi) in the U.S Capitol Rotunda over the West Door. With a feathered hat in his right Richard L. Sherbert Jr. Ronald B. White hand and a flag in his left hand, Columbus is looking skyward as he walks down a State Secretary State Treasurer gangplank of the Santa Maria towards a group ofnatives. Paintings anti Mural: Edgar D Haynes Richard V. Sie.iack •Painting: The Lamling of Columbus (1847; artist Jonathan Vanderlyn [1776-1852], one of the earliest American artists) in the Capitol Rotunda. (See State Advocate State Warden the cover of this booklet.) The painting inspired an 1892 U.S. postage stamp, honoring the 400th anniversary of Columbus's first voyage. Philip L. Asplen, J1·. • Painting entitled The Recall of Columbus ( 1882; artist: Augustus Heaton) in Immediate Past State Deputy the Senate Wing of the U.S . Capitol, third floor, east corridor. The oil painting on canvas is 4' 3" high x 7' 7" wide. Columbus on a white mule is shown in February, 1492, at the bridge of Pinos between Santa Fe and Grenada. A royal messenger has dismounted from his horse and handed a message to Columbus asking him to return to the royal court.

50 23 Columbus Memorials: Many that Are, Some that Aren't

The National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) last October reported District of Columbia State Council the results of a survey showing that Washington, D.C. leads the count1y in tributes to Knights of Columbus Christopher Columbus, with 12 Columbus monuments (plus one in storage). Baltimore has the oldest, a stone obelisk erected in 1792 for the tercentenary of Columbus's discovery, but the oldest statue of Columbus is in Boston, dating from Celebrating 101 Years about 1849. One of the newest (La Vela di Colombo, or Columbus's Sail) was unveiled in 1998 in New Jersey, overlooking New York Harbor. New York itself Of serving the Church and the Community has the tallest, in its 75-foot monument at Columbus Circle. In addition to its Sends greetings obelisk, Baltimore also has a statue of Columbus erected in the 1892, the quadricentennial year, in Druid Hill Park, and another statue erected in 1984 in the On the Inner Harbor area. SOS•h Anniversary With a broader geographic scope but a narrower definition of tributes (omitting oil paintings or frescoes, etc., inside buildings), Peter van der Krogt of the of the Faculty of Geographical Sciences of Utrecht University, Netherlands, has been Discovery of the New World compiling worldwide data on Columbus memorials from the Internet and from information sent to him from those who have learned of his effort. He started a web site on April 10 last year listing them (with photographs where available). The number of Columbus memorials in the world he has identified continues to grow: on August 2 this year his total stood at 161 . By August 19 it had increased to 179, and by September 3, to 188. Of these, 102 were in the U. S , 3 5 in Europe, 26 in Latin America, and 25 in the West Indies. In Europe, Spain had 20 and Italy 10. In Latin America Mexico had 6 and Argentina 5 In the West Indies, Puerto Rico had 8, the Bahamas 6, and Cuba 5. No other countries in these areas had more than two, and more often than not there was only one per country. In the U.S . 27 states had memorials. New Jersey, New York, and Pennsyl­ vania had 13 each; the District of Columbia had 7; California and Connecticut, 6 each; Maryland, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin, 4; and Massachusetts, Ohio, and Virginia, 3 each. Four additional states had two each, and 10 had one each. New York City had the most in a single city--9. Baltimore's 1792 obelisk is the oldest DISCOVER A WORLD OF monument identified in the world. In 1892 14 were erected (8 in the U.S.), and in GOOD THINGS IN 1992 15 (13 in the US., including the Lido Club's statue at Holy Rosary Church). The accompanying table summarizes the findings. More information on the indi­ THE KOFC vidual monuments, including photographs of many, can be found on Dr. van der Krogt's web site: http://cartography.geog. uu. nllcolumbusl Rev. Msgr. Raymond East Chaplain For Washington, D.C. the NIAF report listed seven sculptural items, three Frank R. Shaw State Deputy frescoes, two paintings and one mural. Anthony l. Colbert State Secretary Sculpture: Charles H. Gallina • Statue group and fountain (1912; artist: Lorado Z. Taft [statue] & Daniel State Treasurer Burnham [fountain]), in front of Union Station, the site of our celebration. The 15- Raymond S. Honda State Advocate feet high Georgia marble statue is flanked by an Indian and a European man. Lawrence B. West State Warden • Bronze doors with bas-reliefs of scenes from Columbus's life (ca. 1860; Harry T. Jackson, Jr. Immediate PSD artist: Randolph Rogers in Rome; cast by Ferdinand von Miller in Munich) in the east, or main, entrance to the U.S. Capitol Rotunda, 19 feet high; 9 feet wide, Home jurisdiction of Supreme Secretary Carl A. Anderson weighing 10 tons, and modeled after Lorenzo Ghiberti's doors to the baptistry in Florence, Italy 22 51 THE FOURTH DEGREE COLOR CORPS

.,, The "visible arm of the Knights of Columbus" \ is the Color Corps. a voluntary, distinctively-garbed ''I' Sauro Custom 'Tailor honor guard within each local assembly. 1' \1' The original uniform for the Fourth Degree ~ · ,l ·,' and Formal Wear included the elements of formal war, with Prince Albert coat, top hat, baldric (sash) in red, white, and " ~ ' blue bearing an emblem depicting the U.S. ··Hfii 1105~ 19th Street, N.W. Constitution, and a cross-handle sword to signify Christian knighthood. In the 1930s the coat became a cutaway, and today's uniform substitutes a tuxedo trft Washington, D.C. 20036 and slightly modified baldric and eschews the top hat. Fourth Degree officers and the Color Corps add a cape and chapeau, and continue the tradition from the earliest days of Alterations-Men-Ladies providing honor guards for religious and civic ceremonies. Commonly these are local events involving members from a single Formal Wear-Rental-Sales assembly under its own Color Corps commander, but more regional events involve Color Corps from several assemblies, and sometimes from an entire Joseph A. Sauro District, in the latter case under the District Marshall. More rarely, Color Corps members come from more than one District, such as in the annual 296-07.48 296-0216 celebrations at the national Columbus memorial, which draws from the Archdiocese of Washington and the Virginia districts (sometimes from the Maryland District as well). Some members annually come from Southern Fax: (202) 296-7588 Maryland and others from the Richmond area. There are also other calls on ------the Color Corps as well as the rest of the Knights in D.C., Maryland, and Virginia on the busy Columbus day weekend. The colors of the capes which Color Corps members wear over the standard Fourth Degree uniform, and of the chapeaux's ostrich feathers, iCG indicate organizational roles. Masters of Fourth Degree Districts (and former masters) wear gold, and the head or former head of an assembly wears INSURANCE CONSULTING GROUP white. The Marshall of the District (commanding the combined Color Corps 12813 DOGWOOD HILLS, #222, FAIRFAX,VA 22033-3249 under the District Master) wears green, the Color Corps commanders of the individual assemblies wear purple, and rank-and-file members wear red, but with white feathers on their chapeaux Because of Washington's unique status as the nation's capital, there are unusual needs for appearances by the Color Corps for special events. ANTHONY R. TRINGALE, CLU However, this celebration at the Columbus Memorial is normally the largest PRESIDENT annual appearance of the Color Corps in the area . But it pales in comparison with some of the very special events over the years, such as the original unveiling of the monument when 4,000 uniformed Fourth Degree members led BUS. (703) 802-2220 / FAX (703) 802-2222 the parade; the Order's 1932 silver jubilee convention in Washington when the (800) 518-0222 parade included Fourth Degree corps from eight provinces; and the dedication of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in 1959 and the Order's millennial pilgrimage to the Shrine this past April (also recognizing ESTATE PLANNING the Fourth Degree centennial), both with over 1,000 Color Corps members participating. Thus the largest appearances ever of the Color Corps have RETIREMENT STRATEGIES taken place here in Washington, D.C. EMPLOYEE AND EXECUTIVE BENEFIT PLANS

52 21 Just before that Korean conflict, the movement to add the words "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag started with adoption of a resolution by the Supreme Board of Directors in April, 1950, that the 750 Fourth Degree assemblies in the U.S. use the amended pledge at their meetings The President, Vice-president, and Speaker of the House were sent copies of the resolution, and Supreme Knight Luke Hart, then president of the National Fraternal Congress, convinced I I 0 fraternal societies to adopt it A resolution was introduced in Congress in 1953, and the amended Pledge signed into law by President Eisen­ hower on Flag Day, June 14, 1954. In 1965 $500,000 was set aside to establish a dozen undergraduate 11 scholarships at Catholic University, known as the Fourth Degree Pro Deo et Pro Where You and Your Family Patria ("For God and Country") scholarships; in 1988 a dozen to other Catholic 11 colleges were added; and in 1992 the number of scholarships to other schools Will be Sport Fans Too! was increased to 50. A smaller fund of the same name has been established in Canada. The name Pro /)eo et Pro Patria given to the scholarships neatly summarizes what the Fourth Degree is all about More recent projects under­ score the Pro Patria aspect: in 1987 the Fourth Degree gave $1 ,000,000 toward the refurbishment of the Statue of Liberty, and on their centennial the Fourth Cllerrolet Degree assemblies were planning a $500,000 fund-raising campaign for the World War II memorial. In addition to such national programs, each Fourth Degree has its programs on matters such as pro-life issues, respect for the flag, promoting voter participation, etc.-- there is a great variety among the 2,250 assemblies in the U.S. and elsewhere, such as Canada, Mexico, and the Philippines. Jeep/Eagle These assemblies are grouped into 115 Districts (generally following state lines), each under the direction of a Master, and the Districts into 20 Provinces, each under a Vice Supreme Master. Because of the small size of D.C., the Archdiocese of Washington District (JO assemblies with about 2,500 active members) is an anomaly, following the Archdiocesan boundaries, which Ho11da include the five Maryland counties adjoining D.C. In its centennial year, the Fourth Degree had 256,075 members, or "Sir Knights," as they are called--16% of the entire Order. In D.C. the percentage of Knights who are Sir Knights is ..Jeep. about twice that national average. ltfMI

Tony Landini Randy Anastasi Montgomery Auto Sales Park Route 29 & Briggs Chaney Road• Silver Spring. MD 301.890.6000

20 53 cal subjects. All students, male or female, in all high schools, public and private, Patrick Cardinal O'Boyle Council within each Fourth Degree District were eligible, with cash prizes to be awarded Knights of Columbus Council Number 11302 within the District. Later, national cash prizes were added. 630 E Street, S. W. I Washington, DC 20024 PRO JJEO ET PRO PATRIA Proud Member of the NCCA since 1995 Another activity in which the Fourth Degree took the lead on a national basis was the urging of the closing of businesses for the three-hour observance on Good Friday. A program of developing local committees, including Protestant . Celebratf,ng. our Pmron: Chrlst(}pher·coljlm/Jusl leaders, and approaching mayors and governors to issue proclamations, and urging merchants to close for three hours on Good Friday, and people to attend church services, brought about widespread Good Friday observance in the years Chaplain ...... Rev. Peter M. Batts, 0.P. prior to World War II. Grand Knight ...... Peter D. Gervais, 00#4 Deputy Grand Knight ...... Peter A. Gabauer On the local scene, in 1938 an annual Memorial Mass at Arlington Chancellor ...... Mario Mirarchi National Cemetery was initiated on the Sunday preceding Memorial Day, under Recorder ...... Vacant the sponsorship of Washington Assembly of the Fourth Degree in cooperation Treasurer ...... Otis J. Hester with The National Committee of Catholic Societies, representing 150 such Financial Secretary ...... Frank D. Chesley, Sr. groups. It became a prominent annual event. In 1948, for example, 92 of these Lecturer ...... Vacant Advocate ...... Richard P. Branson, POD societies were represented at the services, at which the foremost preacher of the warden ...... Melvin A. Judah day, Msgr. (later Bishop) Fulton J Sheen, preached. Seven months before Pearl Harbor, Washington Assembly initiated Charter Grand Knight ...... Charles H. Gallina, ST, PFN. PGK-C another annual event that lasted for roughly two decades, the Pan American Diplomatic Reception. Its purpose was to express goodwill and friendliness to ·The Knights of Coluinbus members of the diplomatic corps from Central and South America, and to let them know that American Catholics wanted to further our government's policy of fostering better relations. The reception grew in the war years. For example, at the fourth one, on April 17, 1944, sixty-five members of the diplomatic corps W. B. MASKE (there were 21 American republics) and more than four hundred members of the Order and their ladies were present. Honoree was Dr. Hector David Castro, a SHEET METAL WORKS INC. member of Washington Assembly who had recently been promoted from his Since 1935 position of Minister of El Salvador which he had held for twenty years, to become its first Ambassador to the United States. Excerpts of the program were translated into Spanish and broadcast throughout Latin America. After the war the format was changed to a reception and a dinner, and so it remained for many years. In World War II, the Knights did not play the distinctive role in service to the military that they had in the first war, as the USOs took over the work 0 done in World War I by the K. ofC., Y.M.C.A. Jewish Welfare Board, Salvation AIR CONDITIONING Army, and others. Also more organized than before, the Catholic bishops' agency established the National Catholic Community Service (NCCS) to handle such HEATING matters, and it was incorporated into the USO. However, K. ofC. Supreme Knight Francis Matthews served as chairman of the NCCS Executive Committee ROOFING and its representative to the USO. After the war, he served as Secretary of the Navy under President Truman during the worst days of the Korean War. 301-927-3412 BLADENSBURG, MARYLAND 54 19 concerns, the Supreme Assembly of the Fourth Degree had in 1921 established a ...... K. ofC. Historical Commission "'to investigate the facts of history, to exalt and ... .. perpetuate American ideals, and to combat anti-American propaganda by means 4 • of pamphlets, each to be complete and authoritative in itself.. and by other proper means .. " 1 : AMANDA'& : Monetary prizes were offered for American history studies based on 4 4 original research, in five categories of competition: history professors; school superintendents and history teachers; the public; students of foreign relations with access to documents in this hemisphere; and American college students. Sug­ ! AQQANGEMENT& ! gested topics for graduate student entries included: "The American Indians, Past and Present," "Contributions of the Negro to American History," and "Contribu­ • • tions of Alien Races to American Nationality." The first prize among the •4 •4 professors in 1922 was for a study of Jay's treaty, published by Macmillan as a 301-384-4620 book that launched the career of its author, Samuel Flagg Benus, later to become 4• 4• Sterling Professor of Diplomatic History and Inter-American Relations at Yale and a two-time winner of the Pulitzer prize. A noncompetitive history series, • • initiated at the same time, resulted in a number of publications, including "The •4 •4 American States During and After the Revolution, 1775-1 789," the first scholarly 3330 ROUTE 198 work by an associate editor of the New York Evening Post who moved to • BURTONSVILLE, MARYLAND 20866 • academia and became one of the country's most distinguished historians--Allan J. •4 •4 Nevins. The program also included "The Knights of Columbus Racial Contribu­ •4 •4 tion Series " fn the words of its originator, "This series is unlike any heretofore published, since it gives the actual history of racial contributions to the making of • • the United States, not from the isolated viewpoint of a single race, concerning •4 fruil basL:els &. balloons •4 other races, but from the viewpoint of each race concerning itself." 8 There were three publications before the series ended "The Gift of Black Folk" (by WE.B. •e cuslom arrangemenls •e 4 DuBois. the first African-American history scholar to write on black history), Jelivery & wire services 4 "The Jews in the Making of America" (by George Cohen, writing under a group of Jewish editors), and "The Germans in the Making of America" (by Frederick •: wreall.s •: Franklin Schrader, who did a popular synthesis of secondary works). Three years later, in the Fourth Degree Silver Jubilee year, 1924, the .4 ...... 4 Supreme Assembly of the Fourth Degree initiated an essay contest, to be con­ ducted by each Master in his District on an annual basis, on patriotic and histori- • • " :•

•4 NURSERY •4 Quoted in Kauflinan, 263. • 3330 SPENCERVILLE RD •

8 • BURTONSVILLE, MARYLAND • 4 4 Quoted in Kauffimm, 270. 301-421-9593 •• co•LUI! OAno!tf ctfNfl!lft •• ...... • ..• 18 55 elsewhere, as later also done in World War II. Immediately following the Armistice, the Knights organized an intensive program to aid veterans in education, vocational training, and employment. In its first 10 months nearly 150,000, regardless of creed, were placed in jobs in the New England and mid-Atlantic states. Vocational training was offered in twenty­ five camps to prepare men for civilian life, which led in tum to a tuition-free CONGRATULATIONS evening school for veterans, peaking in the spring of 1920 with 50,000 students in I00 schools, a total of about 314,000 receiving training by the end of the program. (Funding came from monies collected for the wa1time program.) The Supreme Office had 25,000 in correspondence courses (totaling 125,000 by the end of the program), and awarded 400 scholarships to 41 colleges and universi­ ties. The local program in Washington of both secondary and college courses COLUMBUS DAY 2000 ( 1,500 students in 1921) led to the chartering in 1922 of Columbus University, an evening school run by the local Knights that eventually concentrated on law, merging in 1954 with the law department of Catholic University to form the Columbus School of Law of Catholic University. These activities in support of American service personnel both during and after the war required the commitment of the entire Order rather than just the Fourth Degree. Magnificently demonstrating the Order's wholehearted commit­ ment to its fourth principle, patriotism, they underscore the irony posed by the blatant bigotry encountered after the war, as in the propagation of the bogus oath described above. In 1920 about 235 Knights journeyed to Metz, France, for the dedica­ tion of an equestrian statue of Lafayette donated by the Order to commemorate ILSE AND DICK HIGGINS the French and American soldiers who had died in fighting for the city, taken by Germany in 1870. lt was in Metz that Lafayette, a young army officer, decided to assist in the American war for independence. On the back of the pedestal, Columbus's landing is depicted.

EMPHASIS ON AMERICAN HISTORY In the early 1920s many groups were concerned with the way American history was taught in textbooks. In 1922 the American Legion, the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration oflndependence, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Daughters of the American Revolution, the United Spanish War Veterans, and the Patriotic League con­ demned ten school texts done in "the spirit of Benedict Arnold. 6 Sharing such

Richard Higgins J. 6 United States Consul General in Genoa Quoted in Kautl:inan, 266. 1984-1988

56 17 runs. time Magazine's August 22, 1960 issue reported its history and currency in many states as "an old and notorious piece of anti-Catholic propaganda." About the same time that the bogus "oath" was first being circulated, at the instigation of the Fourth Degree Supreme Assembly the Knights initiated another educational project: lectures, conferences and publications in opposition to socialism and extreme radicalism, and focusing on the reciprocal duties and responsibilities of capital and labor. In 1914, for example, two speakers traveled 27,000 miles and gave 148 free public lectures on the subject to over 200,000 people. They continued over a four-year period.

"EVERYBODY WELCOME, EVERYTHING FREE." Then, as the Great War in Europe grew bloodier and bigger, with involvement of a still-divided America more likely, the Fourth Degree Supreme Assembly promoted a nationwide program of unifying public patriotic celebra­ In HODor of the tions and addresses sponsored by the local assemblies in 30 of the principal cities of the country on Washington's Birthday, 1917. The crowds were overflowing. Councils everywhere wired their support to the President and their representa­ tives in Washington in the crisis. A scant six weeks later, President Wilson asked Congress to declare war, the Senate acquiescing on April 4 and the House on April 6. Great Discoverer The Order had already been operating I 5 recreational centers for troops along the Mexican border where Pancho Villa's March 9, 1916 attack on Colum­ bus, New Mexico had led to deployment of nearly 250,000 National Guardsmen. Christopher Columbus When the U.S took the plunge into the European war, the Order established facilities at army, navy and marine training centers around the country (over 400 wooden buildings were constructed, and many tents set up), as well as in places such as Broadway and Forth-sixth in New York City, and on the Boston Com­ from tbe mon, forerunners to the USO clubs of World War II. Sometimes education programs were offered to help men qualify for officer training. With the help of the local Catholic women, Knights ran free hotels in Boston, New York, Phila­ delphia, Detroit and other citles, with free beds, baths, breakfasts, barber service, Off~n and Members laundry, and tailoring--all especially appreciated by sailors in the port cities. As Americans moved overseas, so did the Knights' efforts, and eventually there were in Europe 150 "K. of C. clubs" (in cities) and "K. of C. huts" (in camps}, staffed of by about 1,000 full time salaried personnel, "Caseys" (for K. ofC.s). Catholics, then 17% of the population, are estimated to have supplied from a quarter to a third of the Army and almost half of the Navy, with about a million in service at war's end. But these K. of C. facilities were for the benefit of all regardless of creed, just as the public at large had contributed to them . The famous K. ofC. slogan both at home and overseas expressed the unvarying policy "Everyone welcome, everything free." The central meeting hall of the five K. of C. councils in D. C. was turned over to use by servicemen, and councils met

16 make anyone's blood curdle.2 On Columbus Day that year Seattle Protestant groups, after local Knights had allowed a review of the real Fourth Degree THE K\iHiHTS :(« PROTECTlr\G F:\.~1ILIES pledge, characterized the bogus oath as a "blasphemous and horrible travesty 1 upon the real oath," while praising the real one as exemplifying the "highest type \ : \ 11 I l \\ 1: I ' \~ FOR (;[\[RATIO\'.~ 3 '·· of American citizenship One propagator of the bogus oath admitted in 1914 that it had been distributed in practically every state in the 1912 election campaign. lts use in a Philadelphia race led a Congressional committee to report on February 15 , 191 3 Best Wishes and Congratulations that "This Committee cannot condemn too strongly the false and libelous arti­ From the Harry J. Canter Agency cle ... the spurious Knights of Columbus oath.4 But with the "oath" now in the Congressional Record as part of the evidence, its propagators later cited the Knights of Columbus Insurance Record as a source for its authenticity. to In 1913 and 1914 the Knights won criminal libel trials in various sections of the country against purveyors of the "oath." In California, the entire THE NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION Fourth Degree ceremonial was voluntarily submitted to a committee of prominent Masons, who not only verified that it had no anti-Masonic or anti-Protestant ASSOCIATION character as had been alleged, but that "The ceremonial of the order teaches a high and noble patriotism, instills a love of country, inculcates a reverence for law FOR THE and order.. .and holds up the Constitution of our country as the richest and most 1 1 89 H ANNUAL COLUMBUS DAY precious possession of a Knight of the order. A thirty-third degree Mason in Congress from California put these comments into the Congressional Record of CELEBRATION January 29, 1915. But the "oath" would not die. After World War l, in 1921 the New York World revealed in an expose on the Ku Klux Klan (which had been re-founded in Georgia 1915, after long dormancy) the re-circulation of the bogus "oath" by SUPREME INSURANCE DIRECTOR Klan Kleagles (recruiters) in membership campaigns The "oath" later was widely published not only in the U S. but also in Newfoundland and Canada, where the HARRY J. CANTER, MBA, FICF* Knights of Columbus were well established, and in 1923 a Spanish version was 301-262-4300 circulating in Mexico, where the Order had forty-three councils and 6,000 members. Rewards offered to anyone who could prove the authenticity of the FRATERNAL BENEFITS ADVISORS "oath"--twenty-five thousand dollars in Texas alone in 1923, where over 200,0 00 Klansman had been actively circulating the "oath" --were never claimed. It was ROBERT J. CALLAWAY, FICF* resuscitated twice more: in Al Smith's 1928 and John Kennedy's 1960 presidential ROBERT J. CANTER, JR., FICF* JOHN F. CRAIG, FICF, LUTCF 2 JOHN K. FENWICK, PGK, FICF The complete text or the hogus oath can be found in Egan and Kennedy, 121-12.1 and in BRIAN C. GRAHAM, FIC, CLU Christopher J. Kaullinan, Faith and P'ratemalism (New York, 1982), 169-171 . l ROBERT T. IMBERGAMO, FICF ~ Quoted in Kauffman, 172. ROBERTA.MONAGAN,PGK fbid 5 RICHARD J. MORIN, FICF, LUTCF, PGK• Quoted in Kautlinan, 174 PA TRICK B. McALEER, PGK DANIEL J. QUAGLIARELLO, FICF, LUTCF, PGK* ALFRED A. ROCCA, FICF, LUTC DAVID M. THOMAS, FICF DAVID R WILSON, JR, PGK (*) SUPREME KNIGHTS SALES CLUB 58 15 The patriotic and educational pur­ poses central to the Fourth Degree are not The Fourth Degree Emblem only closely intertwined, but are also part of The distinctive emblem of the Fourth Degree, in red , white and the wider goals of all members of the Order. blue and trimmed in gold, shows a For example, the 1899 convention that ap­ dove (representing Columbus, proved the new degree also launched the whose last name in Latin Means "dove") hovering over the western first major national project of the Order: a hemisphere, wh ich surmounts a five-year drive (as it turned out) to raise red crusader's cross (Cross of $50,000 from the councils on a voluntary Isabella). It symbolizes basis to establish a chair of American history Columbus's role in bringing Christianity to this hemisphere at the twelve-year-old Catholic University of (Christopher means "Christ­ America in Washington. On April 14, 1904 a bearer") and at another level the magnificent check in that amount, ten feet Trinitarian core of that faith (hemisphere: the creating role high and four feet wide, hand-painted on 1 ascribed to the Father: cross: vellum to resemble an illuminated manu­ redemptive role of the Son, and script page, was presented to the University dove: enlightening and inspirational in the presence of 10,000 Knights and oth­ role of the Holy Spirit). ers. It today hangs in the dining hall of the University Center. Three years later, a suc- cessful seven-year drive was initiated to raise $500,000 within the Order for an endowment fund for the University, later changed to funding for fellowships, still among the most prized at the Uni- The Order Sons of Italy in America versity. 1 While the latter drive was on. The Fourth Joins the N ation s Capital City Degree changed its loose organization by establish­ ing "assemblies" as its local units. But these do not in Commemorating the Anniversary of supplant the local councils, the basic unit of the Knights, for a Fourth Degree member in good stand- the Discovery of the Americas ing must remain a current member of a council. The oldest in this area is Wash­ ington Assembly, dating from just before the unveiling of the Columbus memo­ by Christopher Columbus rial in 1912 . In view of the explicitly patriotic purpose of the Fourth Degree, it is ironic that for almost half a century it was the focus of recurrent vicious attack through the widespread circulation of the bogus "fourth degree oath" that first emerged in Seattle in that same year. It was apparently invented by William C Black, of a group called the Guardians of Liberty, who had adapted earlier October 9, 2000 calumnies, the three-hundred-year-old "Jesuit Oath of Secrecy" and the later "Priest's Oath," to produce a text that is anything but patriotic and which would Visit us on the Web at www.osla.org

OSI A, 219 E St. , NE, Was hington , DC 20002 1-800 -552 -0SIA

14 59 The Patriotic Degree: llJritt.cr nf tilt (l1qur.c11 100 Years of the Knights of Columbus Fourth Degree A.a11rmbly 2534 ll(utgqtfi 11f Wnlumbua "It is the purpose of the Fourth Degree to stimulate public interest in the observance of Columbus day throughout the country. Wherever possible, IDistri.ct nf (llolumbia some sort ofpublic celebration is held under its auspices, "according to an 1 authorized history ofthe Knights of Columbus . Over the eighty-eight years since 4000 uniformed Fourth /Jegree members led the grand parade at the unveiling <>/the national i!;om.e .2\£1£1.embl!J rtf lJTrtrnttr ialht.!!t.er (l/)1wrgr iijauua, .§r. Columbus Memorial on .June 8. 1912, the one group that has most consistently and (l\l§ID, l(J(l/)1!(, JJfIDID), Ard7flh1r.ea.e rtf 111!Jasqinghttt visib~y participated in Columbus celebrations at the site has been the uniformed Fourth Degree of the Knights ofColumbus. In this year when they celebrated their I OOth anniversary, we look al this most faithji1l group . .Jht 1!jonor 11f tqr 5118 1 ~ A.mtiu.ernal1J tlf tl7.e illisroutt1J of tl1.e Am.etiras b!J tl7r (l/)r.eat Nauigator

Maurice Francis Egan and John B. Kennedy, The Knights ofColumbus in Peace and War (New Haven, Conn., 19:!0} , I 19-120.

60 13 LIDO CIVIC CLUB

OF WASHINGTON, D.C.

est. 1929

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62 11 CELEBRATING CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS IN THE NATION'S CAPITAL WASHlNGTON ASSEMBLY NO. 151 The Site KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS In the years following the great quadricentennial ( 400th anniversary) OLDEST ASSEMBLY IN THE ARCHDIOCESE celebration in 1892 of the achievements (Established April 1, 1912) and discoveries of Christopher Columbus, Participating in its eighty-ninth appearance at the celebration an effort was launched by the Knights of Colwnbus to establish a monument to the great discoverer. The U. S. Congress ,j SALUTES passed a law which mandated a Columbus ~ Memorial in the nation's capital and AND EXTENDS appropriated $100,000 to cover the construction costs. A commission was FRATERNAL GREETINGS established composed of the secretaries of ~-l!li{l!ll~~== State and War, the chairmen of the House AND BEST WISHES and Senate Committees on the Library of -.---i.:::i:.... Congress, and the Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus. With the newly TO THE N. C. C. A completed Union Railroad Station in 1907, plans focused toward locating the ON THE OCCASION OF THE 88m memorial on the plaza in front of this great edifice. ANNIVERSARY OF THE UNVEILING After a series of competitions, sculptor Lorado Z. Taft of Chicago was awarded the contract. His plan envisioned OF THE COLUMBUS MEMORIAL what you see this day, a monument constructed of Georgia marble; a semi-circular fountain sixty-six feet broad Faithful Friar Rev. Clement St. Jacques and forty-four feet deep and in the center, a pylon crowned with a globe Faithful Navigator James E. Eoxford, Jr., PGK, FDD supported by four eagles connected by garland. A fifteen foot statue of Faithful Captain Joseph Jackson Columbus, facing the U.S. Capitol and wrapped in a medieval mantle, stands Faithful Pilot in front of the pylon in the bow of a ship with its prow extending into the upper John Purnell basin of the fountain tenninating with a winged figurehead representing Faithful Admiral Anthony Cornejo democracy. Flanking Columbus are two seated, allegorical figures: To his left Faithful Scribe Trevor F. Marshall representing the Old World is a patriarchal figure resting his rums upon a shield Faithful Comptroller James M. Toliver, PSD and grasping a crumpled map while to his right representing the New World is Faithful Pw·ser Venantius Onunaku a pre-Columbian figure (Americru1 Indian) crouching behind his cmde shield Faithful lnner Sentinel Thomas Washington reaching for an arrow. On the rear of the large pylon is a double medallion Faithful Outer Sentinel Mark Stemniski picturing the Spanish monarchs King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Set at the extremes of the axis of the balustrade are couchant lions. Three towering Faithful Trustee (3 yr) James LeGrand flagpoles flank behind the monument representing the historic ships of 1492 the Faithful Trustee (2 yr) Donald Pa.rajinog Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria. Classic-columned lampposts in front of Faithful Trustee (1 yr) Lawrence B. West, PGK,FDD Union Station feature replicas of ships on their cross-axis near the base mounts. Commander, Color Corp Leonard Washington, Sr., PFN The dedication of the majestic tribute to Columbus occwTed on June 8, 1912 Lt. Cmdr., Color Corps Reginald B. Stewait, Sr., PGK with many thousands attending. It was the prelude to and the focal point for the arumal Columbus Day celebrations since. The Patriot Arm of the Knights of Columbus Home Assembly of fPSD S/K Hany T. Jackson, Jr. 10 63 CHRONOLOGY THE LIFE OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

1451 Born in Genoa, Italy the son of Susanna and Domenico Columbo, a Ligurian weaver and one of the keepers of the city's gates (Queen Isabella was born this same year) 1465 First sea voyages to Corsica 1477 Sails to England, Iceland and possibly near the Arctic Circle 1479 Marries Felipa Moniz Perestrello living in Porto Santo 1480 Son Diego is born 1484 Columbus approaches King John II of Portugal with a plan for expedition to seek lands to the west via a sea route; Columbus and ~t..1\utqouy C!tnuttdl No. 417 Diego arrive in Palos, Spain, going to the Franciscan Monastery La Rabida to discuss sponsorship of expedition westward on the sea 1485 Don Felipa Perestrello dies if\uigqf!i of Qlulu1nhu!i 1486 Meets King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella for the first time 1488 Son Fernando born of union with Beatriz Enriquez de Arana 1lltht!iqiugtnut ID. QL 1492 King and Queen of Spain sign the Santa Fe document defining Columbus' s proposed expedition, April 17; King and Queen decree citizens of Palos will be crew members for voyage, May 23 ; Mass Chaplain Msgr. Richard W. Burton held for Columbus and crew at Church of St. George, Martyr in Palos at 123 noon on August 2; embarks from Palos De La Frontera George W. Martin, POK Grand Knight on August 2 with three caravels (Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria) and Deputy G.K. George V. Gross ninety men; Landfall sighted at 2 00 a.m. on October 12; Columbus Chancellor James M Toliver, PSD goes ashore claiming land for Spain giving it the name San Salvador; Financial Secretary Charles A. Brown, Sr. leaves 39 men at settlement ofNavidad Returns to Palos on March 15 and receives a special audience at the Treasurer Joseph A. Russell 1493 Spanish court in Barcelona; second voyage leaves Cadiz with 17 George R. Brown, POK Advocate ships and I 000 crewmen on September 25 Recorder Joseph F. Brinley 1494 Columbus has life threatening illness on arrival at New World Warden David I. Merriweather Capital- Isabella- September through February Inside Guard Mark Campbell 1496 Returns to Cadiz on June l I Outside Guard Theodore Hudson 1498 Leaves Sanlucar on this third expedition with six caravels on May 30 1500 Arrives back at Cadiz in chains resulting from accusations of Harry T. Jackson, Jr. PSD Trustees injudicious governing of natives in Haiti- soon freed; goes to James M. Toliver, PSD Ca1thusian monastery La Cartuja in Seville where he draws maps of George M. Brown, POK the new lands to the west having an idea that they are a barrier in front of Asia 1502 Departs Seville on fourth voyage with four ships on April 3; son HOME COUNCIL OF Fernando keeps ship's log; travels as far as Panama 1504 A1Tives at Sanlucar on November 7; Queen Isabella dies on November 26 His Eminence James Cardinal Hickey 1506 Christopher Columbus dies at Valladolid, Spain on May 20; buried in the Franciscan Monaste1y of Valladolid 64 9 Flags Carried by Columbus May th e vision and courage of Christopher Columbus inspire The flag depicted at the left is that of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. l/S ll fl

F it, I ff,'//. •i Xmf!. frod1W'Olll miff Q•w r u CACI~2 /.'!J

f '•t. 'J A , ~,, .. ,_,,,., .. ,, ~,,. •f !Ar 1t1t-J ,. >../.,.,/, ''"''"'" oo..,.,., ·{ ,... , ,.,,,.,.MJ Information Technology in the 21st Century The Expeditionary Banner is described in Bartolome de las Casa's digest of the log book of the first voyage of Columbus (the closest narration we have to Columbus's own account), wherein he relates the story of the initial landing: SAUE THOUSANDS SSSSSS SELL YOUR HOME YOURSELF "Two hours after midnight land appeared, some two leagues away. They With our help! took in all sail, leaving only the mainsail, which is the great sail without bonnets, and Flat Fee Service lay lose-hauled waiting for day. This was Friday, on which they reached a small $ 500.00 island of the Lucayos, called in the Indian language Guanahani (today commonly Eliminate Commissions assumed to be Watling Island, otherwise known as San Salvador). Immediately ucen1e<.1 e.,. We Show You How! some naked people appeared and the Admiral went ashore in the armed boat, as did Martin Alonso Pinzon and Vicente Yanez his brother, captain of the Nina. The Mc~~,e~:se.~~~· Call Today 577-7653 Admiral raised the royal standard and the captains carried two banners with the 10 run E1pert•ce _ For Free Brochure green cross which were flown by the Admiral on all of his ships. On each side of A SERVICE TO HELP YOU THE HOMEOWNER SHOW AND SELL YOUR OWN HOME THE PROFESSIONAL WAY. the cross was a crown surmounting the letters F and Y (for Ferdinand and ···---··- · Isabella)." (The contemporary spelling of the Queen's name was Ysahela.) A.• R. F'U1\.1DlNG. lNC. Quotations taken from J. M. Cohen, editor and translator, The Four 9102 Shnrldat"I Coutt. Lanhem. M•rylend 20700 Voyages of Christopher Columbus, Penguin Books, London, 1969, p. 53. Are Collecting The ill ustration of the flags, the flag of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella you of Spain, and the Expeditionary Banner of Columbus was adapted from Rear Payments? Admiral William Rea Furlong and Commodore Byron McCandless, So Proudly We We will Quickly buy Hail: The Histury of the United States Flag, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981, p. Robert Raimond your payments! 16. 301-577-2200

8 65 CONGRATULATIONS on the 88th. Anniversary of the Unveiling

PSD John c. and Marguerite R. Moore Chairman Emeritus,NCCA

WASHINGTON COUNCIL NO. 224 KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS

Celebrating 103 years

Sends Greetings

to the

N. C. C. A.

Robert H. Lacey Ill, Grand Knight

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6 67 l\uiglftn nf OLnlumhun Vanderlyn, a protege of Aaron Burr, had studied with Gilbert Stuart and ..Jmmuulate Qton.ceptinn 1194rine Qtnunril #4914 was the first American painter to be trained in Paris, where he later received Dlaslfington, ll. Qt. a gold medal from Napoleon. He adopted the French neoclassical style, with Congratulates the clear outlines and poses derived from ancient sculpture. He painted Landing National Columbus Celebration Association o.fColumbus in Paris. The artist, then in his sixties, took 10 years to complete on the 89th Anniversary of the the work, even with the help of assistants. Before bringing the painting to Washington he exhibited it in New York in an unsuccessful attempt to raise National Columbus Memorial Fountain money to pay his debts. The painting, for which he was paid $10,000, was Council Officers installed in the rotunda in 184 7. Chaplain Rev. Clement St. Jacques Roosevelt M. Daniels Grand Knight In the 19th century this image was frequently copied in a variety of Deputy Grand Knight Dennis Drewery Chancellor Sidney Anderson populal' media. It appeared on a 15-cent postage stamp in 1869, on a $5 bill Recorder Charles Wood in 1875. and on a special 2-cent stamp issued for the Columbian Exposition Financial Secretary Freddie T Johnson in 1893. The painting has been cleaned and restored eight times. most recently Treasurer Joseph L Bowser in 1982. Advocate Sergio 0. Grillo Warden Edward Hill Guards Earl Hill Edward W Stockwell Trustees Alvin J Durrington Edward Monroe Benjamin McCall

In l\11emoriam + Edward Louis (Angel) Rose Born December 23::> 1927 Died November 16::> 1992 a Knight of-Columbus 1953-1992 + Requiescat in Pace Photograph by SK Raymond May his soul rest in peace I lon he hath vvon. the race. No'\¥ God hath prepared f"or him an The banner of Ferdinand and Isabella (Ysabela) , sometimes called Everlasting Cro'"'TI. of Victory in the Expeditionaiy banner, which leads the procession of wreath-presenters Heaven our celebration, waves on its own standard below Old Glory at the 1999 by his devoted wife ceremonies. Margaret Mary B. Rose

68 5 About The Painting on our Cover:

John Vanderlyn's Painting, The Landing of Columbus Knights of Columbus

7'hefollowing description of the painting used on our cover, "The Landing Keane Council No. 353 ofC olumbus," and also the accompanying drawing identifying the sub­ Home Council of State Deputy Frank R. Shaw jects, are both takenfrom the booklet "Columbus in the Capitol, " Com­ memorative Quincentenary Edition, Government Printing Office, Washing­ ton, D.C, .1992, pp.5-6.

Description Title: Landing of Columbus, 1846 Artist: John Vanderlyn Mediwn: Oil on canvas, 12 feet high x 18 feet wide Our Congratulations and Best Wishes to the Location: Rotunda

Christopher Columbus is shown in the West Indies on an island called NATIONAL COLUMBUS CELEBRATION Guanahani by the natives, and which he named San Salvador, on October 12, ASSOCIATION 1492. He raises the royal banner of Castile and Leon, claiming the land for his Spanish patrons, as he points to the earth with his sword. Following him FOR THIS are the brothers Martin Alonzo and Vincente Yanez Pinzon, the captains of the Nifia and the Pinta, carrying the banner of Ferdinand and Isabella. 89 TH ANNUAL COLUMBUS DAY CELEBRATION Other members of his crew display a range of emotions upon finally reaching land, from wary to prayerful to joyous and some search for gold in the sand. Columbus looks reverently upward, and he has laid his feathered Chaplain Rev. Msgr. Raymond G.East hat on the ground; these actions and the cross canied by the friar give a sense Grand Knight William H. Davis of sacredness to the event. Natives watch from behind a large tree. The Deputy Grand Knight Michael E. Williams, Sr. viewer's eye is led from left to fight, from the three ships in the distance to Chancellor George P. Henderson, Jr. Columbus, whose yellow flag is highlighted against the dark shadows and Recorder Andrew C. Weeks trees. The scene corresponds with the description given by Washington Financial Secretary James H. Pope Treasurer Irving in History of the L?fe and Voyages o,{Christopher Columbus (1828). Everett Crosson Lecturer Michael E. Williams, Sr. Advocate Aumoura D. Carroll This painting was one of four scenes of American hist01y autho1ized Warden Stephen G. Hawkins, Sr. by Congress on June 23, 1836, to fill the niches opposite the paintings of Inside Guard James H. Harrison John Trumbull in the rotunda. In 1837 the theme of the discovery of Outside Guard James L. Douglas America was assigned to John Vanderlyn (1775-1852), who had competed Trmtee - 3 Year Gerald V. Ha11, Sr. Trustee - 2 Year with Trumbull for the first commission 20 years earlier; he had also received John Purnell Trustee - 1 Year John W. Mc Coy a commission in 1832 for a portrait of George Washington to hang in the Hall of the House of Representatives.

4 69 Foreword These program books have been published by the NCCA starting with the Quincentenaiy year, 1992. They are designed to bring to you BOB GRILL stories and historical infonnation about Christopher Columbus. They have included infonnation about the National Columbus Celebration Association; its ten year history was included in the 1999 year book. We have tried to keep them infonnative and interesting, and we believe they GENERAL CONTRACTOR, INC. have some keepsake value. The theme, this year, deals with anniversary celebrations, fittingly so in this last year of the millennium. We celebrate the 200th 9817 Lanham-Severn Road Lanham, Maryland 207()6 anniversaiy of the first use of the Capitol by the United States Congress. We honor the occasion with our cover reproduction of the painting of Columbus' landing on Guanahani, which hangs in the rotunda of the Capitol. A description of the painting in on the inside front cover and an article appears on page 4. The people in the painting are identified on pages 6 and 7. Experienced Professional Craftsmen This is also the IOOth anniversaiy of the Fourth Degree of the Providing Quality Workmanship In All Types of Knights of Columbus who has played a major role in the celebrations at the Columbus Memorial starting with the unveiling in l 912. On pages IO and 11, we have included a description of the site where the celebration is held and of the ceremony which takes place there each year. On page 12 following, there is an historic photograph of the Union Station building COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL and the memorial site (circa 1910), before the Monument was erected. CONSTRUCTION We also celebrate the 75 tJ' anniversary of the United States Navy Band which will provide the music for th.is year's celebration. The story of the Navy Band can be found on page 35. Also included in this book on the facing page (2) is a copy of the NEW - ADDITIONS - REMODELING resolution passed by the Association members in 1997 recognizing Christopher Columbus to be the man of the millennium .. CONCRETE - FOUNDATION REPAIR The program for this year's celebration and information on the. Principal patticipants is at the centerfold, pages 36 and 37, and the lNDRUSTIAL- OFFICES- CHURCHES winning essay is on pages 28 and 29 .. We have included the names of the Board of Directors and all of QUALITY & SATISFACTION the current members. If your name is not included we would hope it will be there next yeai·. An application is included on page 72. Licensed, /Jonded, Insured The last pages of the book include "advertisements". Most are expressions of congratulations which help to defray the cost of this publ ication, and we are indeed grateful. Some of these organizations do, however, offer a service. lf you are in need of such service, we would appreciate you giving them a call. 301-577-7768 or 301-577-8955 Any comments you have on this publication or questions about the association maybe directed to NCCA c/o NIAF, 180 l l 9u' St., NW, Washington DC 20009. If you have or know of an article about License No. 5959 Columbus that would be appropriate to publish in a future prograin book, please advise at the saine address.

70 3 Christopher Columbus: Man of the Millennium CONGRATULATIONS NATIONAL COLUMBUS With the Third Millennium less than 100 daY.s away, it is appropriate here to CELEBRATION ASSOCIATION r~rint the resolution regarding the cardinal role of Columbus in the history "b the Second Millennium that was adopted bJl the general membership ofthe Columbus Day October 9, 2000 ashington Columbus Celebration on June 8, 1997, the 85th anniversary of' the dedication ofthe Columbus Memorial. Daniel L. Quaid, Jr. The New World explorations of Christopher Columbus cut across the exact Former Master middle ofthe SecondMillennium, like a watershed sharply dividing it into two Virginia District quite different halves. While his accomplishments thus divided time, they united space, bringinR together the two previously unlinked (at least in any meaningful histoncalwaYJ halves ofthe planet we inhabit. Por better or for worse--and both have resulted from his actions, though, we hold,far more of' LEE Funeral Home the former than ofthe latter--the world was forever changed by this one man 's AND CREMATORIUM faith, vision, courage, and perseverance, as recognized-by the resolution: ne o/the Washington Metropolitan Area 's Oldest and Finest Homes, owned O and Operated by the Lee Family for over 160 years, Established 1836. "Whereas, owing to his vision, perseverance, courage, and faith, Christopher Beautiful Chapel, Ample Parking Space Columbus' voyage of discovery joined together the earth's two hemispheres, LEE Funeral Home, Inc. which had remained unknown to each other for thousand of years, and 6633 Old Alexander Ferry Road, Clinton MD 20735 301-868-0900 301-855-0888 8125 Southern Maryland Blvd., Ownings MD 20736 "Whereas, Colwnbus' discovery led the way and unleashed potent forces which had great economic and social impact on Europe, and resulted in the ··············································································································· accelerated development of both Europe and the Americas, and

"Whereas, the economic and cultural encmmters and ensuring exchanges between America and Europe beginning in the fifteenth century created the ALEXANDER CoAL & GAs Co. bases for new societies, cultures, and nations to be established in the Americas, fNCORPORJ\TED J 903 and

WLLLIAM B. ALEXANDER, 5TH "Whereas; these historical dynamics continue to affect the direction of the PRESIDENT world's economic and political future, and

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2 71 Application for Membership THE NATION'S CAPITAL in the National Columbus Celebration Association CELEBRATES508YEARS OF DISCOVERY The Association seeks to honor not only the memory of Columbus and his historic achievements in linking the Old World and the New, but also the higher values that motivated and sustained him in 1 his efforts and his trials. Those virtues - faith in God, the courage of his convictions, dedication to purpose, perseverance in effort, professional l\. excellence, and boldness in facing the unknown - are as needed today \~ and in the future. The Association invites individuals and organizations who identify with our purposes to join with us by filling out the application below and sending it to the address given Membership includes a gold plated membership pin, a personal colorful certificate with beribboned seal, suitable for framing, an invitation to the annual meeting with the right to vote, minutes, newsletters, and your name listed in the program published for the annual celebration.

Annual membership dues are (please check appropriate box) (Please print name clearly as you wish it to appear on the certificate)

Business or professional and Non-profit, patriotic, fraternal .. .. $ 75.00 Individual...... $ 25.00

Nrune ...... Photograph courtesy of Terry J. Adams, Photographer, National Park Service

Address ...... HONORING THE GREAT City ...... State ...... Zip ...... DISCOVERER Telephone ...... CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Please fill out the application, cut or tear along the line indicated, and send with your check made payable to: "NCCA" MONDAY OCTOBER 9, 2000 N. C. C. A. /NIAF Building 1860 Nineteenth St NW Washington DC 20009 THE COLUMBUS MEMORIAL COLUMBUS PLAZA- UNION STATION, WASHINGTON, D.C.

72 ., Our Cover: Columbus's Landing, October 12, 1492

On June I 0, 1800, Philadelphia ceased to be the seat of government, a role it had occupied since Congress moved there from New York in 1790, and on November I 7, 1800 Congress opened its first session in its new Capitol in the special federal district on the Potomac The sculptural Columbus of our national memorial gazes over the heads of today's audience directly on that Capitol.

Our cover fittingly celebrates this year's bicentennial of the US Capitol by reproducing one of the most prominent Columbus-related works of art in that building rich in a11istic tributes to Columbus, John Vanderlyn's "Landing of Columbus at the Island ofGuanahani, West Indies, October 12, 1492."

This magnificent painting, 12 feet high and 18 feet wide, is in the Rotunda. just inside the famous Columbus Doors of the main entrance. On pages 4 and 5 of this booklet we reproduce a more complete description of the cover painting, taken from the book Columbus in the Capitol, Commemorative Quincentenary Edition, Government Printing Office, I 992, which also describes and illustrates many other works of art related to Columbus that can be found in the Capitol and the Library of Congress .

To the left in the picture (see our back cover) can be seen the captains of the Nina and the Pinta, the brothers Martin Alonzo and Vincente Yanez Pinzon, each holding the banner of Ferdinand and Isabella (Ysabela), now often CHRISTOPHER._,COL"tJMBUS called the Expeditionary Banner. A replica of the banner plays a prominent part in our ceremonies, leading the wreath-presenters each year. More information about it can be found on page 8. Arriving back from his third vo yage in 1500 The Association acknowledges with appreciation the generosity of the Columbus reportedly dre w the map depicted above Lido Civic Club in underwriting the expense of printing the cover. of the "ne w la nds" of the west further convincing the world of his navigational a chievements.

A HA PPY COLUMBUS D AY TO ALL!

Dr. a nd Mrs. David R. Curfman tJ .. " fP " ,, r' 'I. '' '' '/ t''·