DOCSLIB.ORG

The Community LOOW Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Community LOOW Project The Community LOOW Project: A Review of Environmental Investigations and Remediation at the Former Lake Ontario Ordnance Works Report prepared for: The Community LOOW Project Niagara County Department of Health 5467 Upper Mountain View Road, Lockport, NY by King Groundwater Science, Inc. Buffalo, NY September 2008 Community LOOW Project EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Project This report presents the results of the Community LOOW Project (CLP). The CLP was a community sponsored effort to critically evaluate the environmental condition of the former Lake Ontario Ordnance Works (LOOW) property in Niagara County. The former LOOW is a 7,500 acre area within the Towns of Porter and Lewiston, approximately 3 miles from Lake Ontario and 2 miles from the Niagara River. Initially developed to manufacture TNT for the World War II war effort, the central portion of the area was subsequently used for a number of Department of Defense and Atomic Energy Commission projects. This varied history has led to the current situation where environmental contamination remains. Investigations and remedial planning are underway in some areas, led by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Currently, the area consists of property owned by federal and local governments, active waste disposal operations, commercial businesses, private homeowners, and recreational or cultural activities. A hazardous waste disposal operation (CWM Chemical Services, LLC), a municipal solid waste landfill (Modern Corporation) and a radioactive waste containment facility (Niagara Falls Storage Site) occupy neighboring properties in the central portion of the LOOW. The project was initiated during 2005 by the Niagara County Department of Health (NCDOH). A unique collaboration of local, state and federal officials funded this project with the purposes of evaluating the environmental status of the LOOW and to create a Geographic Information System (GIS) database of the environmental data. The goal was to examine the available information and to identify data gaps in past investigation and remediation activity. No new data was collected for this project. Documents were reviewed to gain an understanding of past work and to determine which information might be useful to include in the GIS mapping system. There were three main components of the project: • To identify and compile relevant data from past LOOW historic activity, investigations and clean-ups into a Geographic Information System (GIS) database • To perform a “Gap Analysis” of the LOOW data, and involve independent expert review of the work. • To identify and recommend solutions to the lead agencies, which are the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NYS Department of Environmental Conservation and NYS Department of Health. Over the course of the project four public meetings were held to transfer information and provide opportunities for people to comment or discuss the issues. An internet-based GIS was developed to enable public access to LOOW data. The site can be accessed at the internet site www.communityloowproject.com. The ii Community LOOW Project LOOW GIS Mapping website enables users to view geographic information about the LOOW and surrounding area, visualize the data locations of recent environmental studies and perform queries of the database. Findings The relationship between those responsible for investigations and remediation, and the surrounding community is important in conveying information and ensuring a successful resolution of LOOW-related concerns. A general lack of trust has existed between some members of the community and those in government charged with overseeing monitoring, investigation and clean up. Sharing of information and input to decision making appear to be stumbling blocks. There has been a multi-year delay in publishing the NFSS Remedial Investigation report since the time the data was collected. Resources need to be available to complete the Formerly Used Site Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP) and Defense Environmental Restoration Program for Formerly Used Sites (DERP- FUDS) investigations, so that fundamental information is available to the community for decision-making in a timely manner. As a result of the separate and distinct purposes and regulatory requirements, it appears that there is also fragmented jurisdictional oversight. The issues in play include delegation to USACE from DOE for radiologic and chemical investigations under the FUSRAP; USACE investigation of past DOD sites under the DERP-FUDS program; involvement of multiple branches and offices of NYS DEC (headquarters in Albany and Region 9 in Buffalo) concerning regulation of air, solid waste, hazardous waste, surface water, and wildlife; separate regulation of radiologic and drinking water quality issues by different parts of NYSDOH; and occasional limited involvement by USEPA. The responsibility for the approval process for USACE activity on the LOOW and identification of “who is the regulator?” needs to be better explained to the public. Long term safety of the waste sites (including the NFSS, Modern Landfill, CWM and legacy materials) and offsite migration is of concern. Therefore, the adequacy of monitoring programs to detect contaminant transport in potential offsite pathways is important. Potential offsite migration of contamination could likely occur via four pathways: surface water drainage, groundwater migration, air, and sediment transport. Offsite migration of contaminated sediment and surface water occurred during past operations on LOOW. Each landfill has monitoring requirements which reflect their waste activities, but there does not appear to have been a unified attempt to include radiologic or common contaminants related to the shared historical use of portions of all three landfill properties. Three other properties totaling nearly 1,000 acres are not within the USACE authority to investigate at the present time and they have been addressed under another program: the DERP Installation Restoration iii Community LOOW Project Program (IRP). These properties contain the former TNT storage igloos north of Balmer Road , the former Air Force Plant 38, which is now occupied by the NYS Army National Guard Weekend Training Site (WETS), a small parcel transferred to the Town of Porter, and the launch area of the former NIKE missile base at the corner of Balmer and Center-Porter Road. Although these properties have been subject to some previous environmental investigation by their respective Department of Defense site owners, there does not appear to have been coordination in approach, methodology, or data quality objectives comparable to the USACE FUSRAP or DERP-FUDS investigations elsewhere on the LOOW. At the WETS, there have been no groundwater investigations on the property, the thoroughness of the historical review for AFP 38 was insufficient to fully describe site activities, and the number of samples collected is not sufficient to be confident that all potential sources of contamination have been identified. We found no information concerning the environmental status of the Town of Porter property. The former NIKE base has been characterized and found to have few environmental problems. There was, however, no testing for hydrazine or missile fuel in the fueling area and the composition of the waste dumps represents an unknown risk. This property was recently sold to a private party. South of Balmer Road at CWM, concern exists that previous remediation of radiologic contaminants was insufficient and that site development has disturbed soil on the property. DOD related contamination is present, has and is being investigated; however some areas have been awaiting remediation for more than 10 years. Despite several surveys and decontamination efforts, the location of buried radioactive waste associated with the Rochester Burial area (located on CWM) may be in a different location than previously investigated (Appendix G). The Occidental property, west of CWM, has had only limited investigation and a former storage/disposal area remains unexplained. The NFSS, south of CWM and west of Modern Landfill, has undergone an extensive remedial investigation which indicates that the site contains widespread contamination of surface soil and groundwater. Data gaps have been noted concerning characterization (e.g. geophysical surveys, West Ditch sampling, delineation of groundwater plumes), monitoring ( e.g. insufficient annual groundwater sampling, lack of air particulate monitoring), contaminant fate and transport, and coordination of groundwater level monitoring with neighboring properties. The Baseline Risk Assessment Report for the NFSS was not reviewed as part of the CLP. Modern Landfill is well monitored in accordance to its permit, but there has been a lack of radiological legacy contaminant monitoring. Construction activities involving pumping of groundwater should be coordinated iv Community LOOW Project with the NFSS to contemporaneously measure water levels. Soil screening for radiologic parameters during construction should also be implemented. The LewPort school campus has been evaluated for a number of environmental issues over the years. Remaining areas of concern are the 30 inch outfall pipeline from the former LOOW waste water treatment plant that crosses the campus and has never been evaluated for contaminated residue on the school property west of the Southwest Ditch. The Southwest Drainage Ditch has had insufficient sediment characterization for potential constituents from NFSS. Mounds in the wooded area
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phase I Cultural Resources Survey, April 2011
    PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION Panamerican Consultants, Inc. FOR THE PROPOSED Buffalo Branch 2390 Clinton Street RICHARDSON OLMSTED COMPLEX PROJECT, Buffalo, NY 14227 Tel: (716) 821-1650 Fax: (716) 821-1607 CITY OF BUFFALO, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK Alabama Branch 924 26th Avenue East Tuscaloosa, AL 35404 Tel: (205) 556-3096 Fax: (205) 556-1144 Tennessee Branch 91 Tillman Street Memphis, TN 38111 Tel: (901) 454-4733 Fax: (901) 454-4736 Florida Branch Prepared for: 1115 N. Parsons Ave. Brandon, FL 33510 Tel: (813) 864-5200 RICHARDSON CENTER CORPORATION Fax: (813) 866-2519 c/o The Buffalo News Corporate Headquarters One News Plaza, P.O. Box 100 2301 Paul Bryant Drive Buffalo, New York 14240 Tuscaloosa, AL 35402 Tel: (205) 248-8767 Fax: (205) 248-8739 Prepared by: PANAMERICAN CONSULTANTS, INC. Buffalo Branch Office 2390 Clinton Street Buffalo, New York 14227 (716) 821-1650 April 2011 PHASE I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED RICHARDSON OLMSTED COMPLEX PROJECT, CITY OF BUFFALO, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK Prepared for: RICHARDSON CENTER CORPORATION c/o The Buffalo News One News Plaza, P.O. Box 100 Buffalo, New York 14240 Prepared by: Robert J. Hanley, M.A., RPA, Principal Investigator Mark A. Steinback, M.A., Senior Historian Rebecca J. Emans, Ph.D., RPA, Project Archaeologist Edwin W. Button, M.A., Field Director Michael A. Cinquino, Ph.D., RPA, Project Director PANAMERICAN CONSULTANTS, INC. Buffalo Branch Office 2390 Clinton Street Buffalo, New York 14227 (716) 821-1650 April 2011 Management Summary SHPO Project Review Number
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Imagining Niagara: a Spatial Study of Economic Development (1783-1812)
    Re-imagining Niagara: A Spatial Study of Economic Development (1783-1812) by Jessica Linzel, B.A. Department of History Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Faculty of Humanities, Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario © 2020 Abstract The end of the American Revolution marked a turning point in the history of Niagara. In the span of three decades, this Upper Canadian district evolved as the territory of nomadic groups of Mississauga and Haudenosaunee nations into the post-war settlement of approximately 15,000 white, black, and British-allied Indigenous nations. Some arrived immediately as refugees of the late war, while other families came later in hopes of securing a brighter future. Historians generally discuss this period of Niagara’s history in terms of its socio-political developments, while economic histories of the “Loyalist Era” are most often assigned a broader lens focusing on trade and commerce in Upper Canada. To fill this historiographical gap, this paper investigates the economic developments within the Niagara region from 1783-1812, using geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze the role of geography alongside human agency in commodity production and the formation of local trade networks. This thesis includes an interactive webmap used to analyze a carefully compiled geospatial database of commodity sales gathered from primary sources. Historical GIS sets this project apart from others by bringing the investigations back to the land, showing how farmers and merchants responded to natural barriers like distance, wetlands, elevation and soil type, inciting individuals to adapt according to their personal circumstances. Ultimately, this project illustrates Niagara’s post-war transition from its role as a transshipment point in a larger transatlantic trade system into a productive agrarian economy by the early 19th century.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office
    U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office Preserving Our History For Future Generations Historic Light Station Information NEW YORK AMBROSE LIGHT Location: APPROACH TO NEW YORK BAY Station Established: 1823 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1996 Operational: YES Automated: YES Deactivated: NO, see notes below for more detailed information Foundation Materials: STEEL PILES Construction Materials: STEEL Tower Shape: Markings/Pattern: Relationship to Other Structure Original Lens: DCB 36 Historical Information: The original Ambrose "Texas Tower" was placed in operation on 23 August 1967. The tower was automated in 1988 and was damaged beyond repair by a collision with the oil tanker Aegeo in October, 1996. The structure was then demolished and replaced with a small light tower/platform. BARBER'S POINT LIGHT (OLD) Location: Barber's Point, Lake Champlain, New York Station Authorized: 1870 Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1873 Operational: Automated: 1935 Deactivated: Foundation Materials: Construction Materials: Tower Shape: Markings/Pattern: Page 1 of 61 U.S. Coast Guard Historian’s Office Preserving Our History For Future Generations Relationship to Other Structure: Original Lens: Fifth-Order Fresnel Historical Information: Barber’s Point is roughly midway between Split Rock Point to the north and Crown Point to the south. This stretch of 125-mile-long Lake Champlain is quite narrow, averaging only two miles in width. Barber’s Point was thus a logical place for a ferry, and records indicate that Hezekiah Barber operated one that crossed Lake Champlain between Barber’s Point, NY and Arnold Bay (Panton), VT. The geography at Barber’s Point also made it a prime candidate for a lighthouse.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Niagara – 1759-1815
    Fort Niagara – 1759-1815 Introduction: Fort Niagara was a French fortification built in 1726-27 to protect the interests of New France in North America, and is situated on a bluff on the east side of the Niagara River at Lake Ontario north of Youngstown, NY. The French had earlier built two less substantial forts at the site: Fort Conti, built by Cavalier de La Salle in 1679 and Fort Denonville, built by Governor Denonville in 1687. Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry designed the impressive stone-constructed "French Castle," which survives today. Fort Niagara was surrendered to the British in July 1759 following a nineteen-day siege and the wilderness battle of La Belle Famille. The three flags flown daily above the parade ground symbolize the nations that have held Fort Niagara. Each competed for the support of a fourth nation: the powerful Iroquois Confederacy. The history of Fort Niagara spans more than 300 years. During the colonial wars in North America a fort at the mouth of the Niagara River was vital, for it controlled access to the Great Lakes and the westward route to the heartland of the continent. With the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, however, the strategic value of Fort Niagara diminished. It nonetheless remained an active military post well into the 20th century. The Battle of Fort Niagara, 1759: The Battle of Fort Niagara was a siege late in the French and Indian War, the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War. The British siege of Fort Niagara in July 1759 was part of a campaign to remove French control of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley regions, making possible a western invasion of the French province of Canada in conjunction with General James Wolfe's invasion to the east.
    [Show full text]
  • Landmarks on the Niagara Frontier
    LAN D M A R K S O N TH E N I AGARA FRONTI ER A C H RO NO LO GY / B Y PETER A/gglS‘ER N IAGARA FALLS 1914 C° n ht 1 1 py g , 9 4 , B Y ETE R A O RTE R P . P TW O H 'NDRED AND FI FTY SIGNED AND N'M B ERED COPIES PRINTED TH IS COPY I S - 3 7 6 9 3 G A'G 8 l9| 4 © CI. A B ATTLES ON TH E NIAGARA FRONTIER WE ST BAN K EA ST BANK On u i aah ra 1 6 1 g , 5 E 1 6 Senecas ries , 53 . 1 68 Ft De Nonville besieged , 7 e 1 La Bell Famille , 759 . 1 Ft Niagara captured , 759 ’ 1 6 Devil s Hole Massacre , 7 3 ’ 1 6 Wilkin s attacked , . 7 3 1 1 Ca le d o ni a captured . B o m b a r d m e n t s Forts 8 2 1 8 1 2 Queenston Heights , Niagara and George , ’ s I nv a sion f 1 8 1 2 Smyth s , Bombardments Bu falo E 1 8 1 . 2 Ft George , and Fort rie , . f 1 8 1 Newark burnt , Bu falo , 3 of . E . 1 8 1 Capture Ft rie , . Ft Niagara captured , 3 Chippawa , Devastation American ’ u L ndy s Lane , Frontier , of . E Siege Ft rie , Black Rock , l n . As s au t o E . Ft rie , Caroline burned , o . E S rtie from Ft rie , “ C of apture Somers , R idgeway, C OMB A TANTS A B OV E B ATTLES - Indian ( Inter tribal ) , n — I dian French , French British , — Indian British , of 1 8 1 2 War , Patriot War , Fenian War, [ 3 ] LOCATION OF FORTS ON TH E NIAGARA FRONTIER WE ST B AN K EAST BAN K B ' F F AL O CRE E K E 1 600 ? Fort of the ries , O ' C O F I V C OF I S R E R E R , S PA E 3 M L E S E 1 6 R First rie , 7 4 Black ock , E 1 Second rie , 779 Tompkins , E 1 1 Third rie , 79 Porter , E 1 80 6 Fourth rie , E 1 8 1 Fifth rie , 4 L C RO C To H W 1 6 B A K K C I PP A A , MI
    [Show full text]
  • Niagara Falls.
    NIAGARA FALLS Compliments of the Chamber of Commerce Niagara Falls, New York >7 C '"• b J U Qomplimcnbs oF hhc "s (j^bambGP oF QorptTiGrGc. FOR A COPY OF ... FOR A COPY OF . Cutter's Guide . Cutter's Guide . TO HOT SPRINGS To MT. CLEMENS, T»E of ARKANSAS, MICHIGAN, . SEND TO THE . SEND TO H. C. TOWNSEND, W. E. DAVIS, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE or CHAMBER OF COMMERCE or p. T. A., Mo. Fa. Ky., A.. Trnnk Ry., G. and <" G. P. and T. Grand Of that City. to Of that City. ST. LOUIS, MO. MONTREAl, P. Q. FOR A COPY OF ... FOR A COPY OF ... , . Cutter's Guide . Cutter's Guide TO THE . TVVINERT^I- inlELLS. TEXHS. CITY OI= iA^T^^CO, TEXMS. SEND TO . SEND TO W. A. TOMPSON, M. D., of that City. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE of that City. NIAGARA FALLS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. Organized, December J 7th, J 895. Incorporated, May 26th, 1897. oi^i^iCE;r^s iH^OFi isqt. \Vm. S. HL'MBERT, Frhsidrnt, A. H. G. H AKDWICKE. 3d. Vice President, ASHER T. CUDABACK. 1st. Vice President, FRANK E. JOHNSON, Treasurer, E. H. STEWART, 2nd. Vice President, II. W. BEAKDSLEV, Skcret.^rv. BOARD OF TRUSTEES. JOHN J. .M.^rlNTlKE, KICM AKIi WILLI. \MSOX, lOHN M. HANCOCK, L.\WRENCE DA\ IS, JOHN C. LEVEL. TstDIlVIG CO^^MITP'TEMS^. General and Local Legis- Advertising and Publica- Public Improvements : Insurance and Local Assess- lation : tion : .\iu;i.'srus Thihai in;Ar, ments : W. Reed, . W. Tho.m.^.s \ Welch, Franklin |. MalKenna, James F. Murphy, E. Burleson, J.\me.s J.
    [Show full text]
  • Petition & Appdx
    NYSDEC OHMS Document No. 201469232-00112 STATE OF NEW YORK DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION ___________________________________________________________X IN THE MATTER OF THE APPLICATIONS OF CWM CHEMICAL SERVICES, LLC Pursuant to Titles 7 and 11 of Article 27 of the Environmental Conservation PETITION FOR FULL Law, for required permits and approvals for the RMU-2 PARTY STATUS Project in the Towns of Porter and Lewiston, New York Project Application Nos. 9-2934-00022/00225, 9-2934-00022/00231, 9-2934-00022/00232, 9-2934-00022/00049, and a Hazardous Waste Facility Siting Application ___________________________________________________________X THIS PETITION is submitted on behalf of Niagara County, the Town and Village of Lewiston, and the Village of Youngstown (hereafter, the “Municipal Stakeholders”) in accordance with 6 N.Y.C.R.R. § 624.5. The Municipal Stakeholders are municipalities within which the proposed RMU-2 Project would be located, or are within close proximity to the project site.1 The following expert reports are incorporated and provided herewith: M. Resnikoff, Ph.D, Radioactive Waste Management Associates (RWMA), Review of CWM Radioactive Sampling Program In the Proposed RMU-2 Development Areas (November 2014). A. Michalski, Ph.D., CGWP, PG, LSRP, Michalski & Associates, Inc., Report on Groundwater Flow and Contamination at Chemical Waste Management, LLC, Model City, New York, and Proposed RMU-2 Permitting and Siting Issues (November 2014).2 A. De, Ph.D., P.E., Report on RMU-2 Project Engineering Issues (October 2014). R. Sahu, Ph.D., QEP, CEM, Report on RMU-2 Project Air Emissions Impacts (November 2014). 1 The Town of Porter, principally hosting the project, is precluded from submitting adverse comments or a petition in opposition to the project as proposed under a host benefit agreement with CWM.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Invade Texas
    The year is 1684 The world is in turmoil The French Invade Texas A (nearly) 24 hour Role Playing Game featuring the fateful expedition of Sieur de La Salle expediteur of the French Crown by Jaap de Goede The French Invade Texas, © 2009 Jaap de Goede – 1 - License Copyright (c) 2009 Jaap de Goede, Amersfoort, Netherlands Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License 3.0 or any later version published by Creative Commons. Those parts originally coming from the public domain, including the artwork, are still public domain. It is advised that the user checks whether copyright conditions hold up in his or her country before copying or distributing all or part of this work. A copy of the Creative Commons license can be found at: creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/legalcode . This document was prepared on an Asus EEE PC using Open Office 3.0, and GIMP 2.1 Version 10-06-09 01:04:52 The French Invade Texas, © 2009 Jaap de Goede – 2 - Acknowledgements Most of the background of this game, the public domain artwork and some of it's historical texts are thankfully borrowed, transcribed and taken from Wikipedia. This author wishes to thank all those who have worked on this beautiful, extensive and monumental encyclopedic work and make so much knowledge available within a few keystrokes. Excellent information on La Salle's expedition is also to be found on http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/stlouis/lasalle.html Historians and archaeologists, thank you for your great work! Thanks to the mapmakers, painters and artists who made the original works, and thanks to those who scanned these works too.
    [Show full text]
  • EARLIEST EXPLORATIONS on the GREAT LAKES Us Now Consider De
    I11 EARLIEST EXPLORATIONS ON THE GREAT LAKES us now consider de la Salle’s achievements, which E’can be divided into three periods : sixteen years of prep- aration; the triumphant expedition and the foundation of the empire in 1682; and, immediately after the death of Colbert, the final mission, which ended in disaster and murder. Robert Cavelier de la Salle and his elder brother, Abbot Jean Cavelier, were the sons of an important merchant of Rouen. Born November 22, 1643, Robert was of an inde- pendent nature and adventurous spirit. He was practically disinherited by his family, his father having left him only the capital yielding an income of four hundred livres, which was all he was able to take with him to Canada. He landed at Montreal, one year after Talon, in 1666, at the age of twenty-three, no doubt at the invitation of his elder brother, then a Sulpician priest in Canada. His uncle, Henri Cavelier, a wholesale haberdasher, was one of the “One Hundred Associates” organized by Richelieu to carry out the coloni- zation of Canada. Soon after his arrival, Robert Cavelier seizes on the great plan of Champlain, and henceforth he has but one purpose, to accomplish it. Thus does the dis- covery of the streams which flow westward toward the Vermillion Sea and thence to China become his dream, as it had been that of the “Father of New France.” 11 12 Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle With wise perseverance he begins by acquainting himself with the language and customs of the Indians, through traveling about in their country, and questioning them.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment
    NIAGARA FALLS NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA Part I – Environmental Assessment Niagara Falls National Heritage Area Commission June 2012 NIAGARA FALLS NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA Part I – Environmental Assessment Submitted to: The Niagara Falls National Heritage Area Commission U.S. National Park Service and Ken Salazar U.S. Secretary of the Interior Consulting team: John Milner Associates, Inc. Heritage Strategies, LLC National Trust for Historic Bergmann Associates June 2012 NIAGARA FALLS NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA Part I – Environmental Assessment ii NIAGARA FALLS NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA Table of Contents PART I ─ ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHAPTER 1 ─ PURPOSE AND NEED 1.1 Introduction . 1-1 1.2 Purpose and Need for Action . 1-1 1.3 Background and Overview of the National Heritage Area . 1-3 1.3.1 National Heritage Area Description . 1-3 1.3.2 Designation of the Niagara Falls National Heritage Area . 1-4 1.4 Foundation for Planning . 1-5 1.4.1 Legislative Requirements . 1-5 1.4.2 National Signifi cance of the Heritage Area . 1-7 1.4.3 Context, Vision, and Mission . 1-12 1.4.4 Interpretive Themes . .1-13 1.5 Public Participation and Scoping . 1-14 1.5.1 The Scoping Process . 1-15 1.5.2 Issues Identifi ed through Scoping . 1-17 1.5.3 Goals for the National Heritage Area . 1-17 1.6 Impact Topics . 1-18 1.6.1 Impact Topics Retained for Analysis . 1-18 1.6.2 Impact Topics Dismissed from Analysis . 1-20 1.7 Relationships to Other Plans and Projects . 1-22 CHAPTER 2 ─ ALTERNATIVES 2.1 Development of Alternatives .
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Overview
    Black Rock Historic Resource Survey - Section 4.0 City of Buffalo 4.0 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW Clinton Brown Company PN 08-019 4-1 © November 2010 Black Rock Historic Resource Survey - Section 4.0 City of Buffalo 4.0 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW1 4.1 Introduction The Black Rock Planning Neighborhood is one of the City of Buffalo’s earliest settled areas and it contains some of the oldest historic buildings, primarily houses, remaining in Buffalo. The survey area contains what was once an independent community known as Lower Black Rock or “The Rock,” which rivaled its neighbor, the village of New Amsterdam (later Buffalo), located further to the south. The survey area contains the lands once known as the Parrish Tract and Bird Farm, which were sectioned off from the Mile Strip Reservation in the early 1800s. Eventually the settlement of Lower Black Rock occurred, beginning in the 1820s and 30s, with the opening of the Erie Canal and the construction of a lock at the foot of Austin Street. This area flourished throughout the early nineteenth-century as a commercial and industrial canal town, and the community retained its character and identity even after being incorporated into the City of Buffalo in 1855. Today, the Black Rock Planning Neighborhood contains two communities, Black Rock and Grant-Amherst, each with its own character and identity. The western portion of the survey area is known locally as the Black Rock neighborhood and is comprised of the earlier Lower Black Rock community which centered on Niagara, Amherst and Dearborn Streets. To the eastern end of the Black Rock Planning Neighborhood, and divided from the Black Rock neighborhood by rail lines, is the Grant-Amherst neighborhood.
    [Show full text]
  • Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection
    Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection 24tM //I SMORt \ 21 / - _~X rcrnu ((^<^ 1 |a«5y 1 ^ •i--' Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection n I zi Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection ROCHESTER JLND MONROE COUNTY A HISTORY AND GUIDE Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection BRYANT B \ K E R NATHANIEL ROCHESTER Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection AMERICAN GUIDE SERIES ROCHESTER AND MONROE COUNTY FEDERAL WRITERS' PROJECT WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION STATE OF NEW YORK SPONSORED BY THE CITY OF ROCHESTER AND THE GENESEE BOOK CLUB PUBLISHED BY SCRANTOM'S, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection COPYRIGHT, 1937 by the GENESEE BOOK CLUB of Rochester Printed by THE PRINTING HOUSE OF LEO HART Rochester, New York Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection THEIR WEDDING JOURNEY "It is an enchanted city," mused Basil, aloud, as they wan- dered on, "and all strange cities are enchanted . Rochester is for us, who don't know it at all, a city of any time or country, moonlight, filled with lovers hovering over piano-fortes, of a palatial hotel with pastoral waiters and porters,—a city of hand- some streets wrapt in beautiful quiet and dreaming of the golden age. The only definite association with it in our minds is the tragically romantic thought that here Sam Patch met his fate. "And who in the world was Sam Patch?" "Isabel, your ignorance of all that an American woman should be proud of distresses me.
    [Show full text]