Cpdoc Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História, Política E Bens Culturais Mestrado Acadêmico Em História, Política E Bens Culturais

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cpdoc Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História, Política E Bens Culturais Mestrado Acadêmico Em História, Política E Bens Culturais FUNDAÇÃO GETÚLIO VARGAS CENTRO DE PESQUISA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIA CONTEMPORÂNEA DO BRASIL – CPDOC PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA, POLÍTICA E BENS CULTURAIS MESTRADO ACADÊMICO EM HISTÓRIA, POLÍTICA E BENS CULTURAIS Lucas Andrade Sá Corrêa Um nome e um programa: Érico Sachs e a Política Operária Rio de Janeiro, 2014 FUNDAÇÃO GETÚLIO VARGAS CENTRO DE PESQUISA E DOCUMENTAÇÃO DE HISTÓRIA CONTEMPORÂNEA DO BRASIL – CPDOC PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA, POLÍTICA E BENS CULTURAIS MESTRADO ACADÊMICO EM HISTÓRIA, POLÍTICA E BENS CULTURAIS Lucas Andrade Sá Corrêa Um nome e um programa: Érico Sachs e a Política Operária Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em História, Política e Bens Culturais do Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil (PPGHPBC-CPDOC) como Requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Dulce Chaves Pandolfi Rio de Janeiro, 2014 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca Mario Henrique Simonsen/FGV Corrêa, Lucas Andrade Sá Um nome e um programa : Érico Sachs e a Política Operária / Lucas Andrade Sá Corrêa. – 2014. 126 f. Dissertação (mestrado) – Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Política e Bens Culturais. Orientadora: Dulce Chaves Pandolfi. Inclui bibliografia. 1. Organização Revolucionária Marxista – Política Operária. 2. Comunismo. 3. Socialismo. 4. Sachs, Érico Czaczkes, 1922-1986. 5. Lukács, György, 1885-1971. I. Pandolfi, Dulce Chaves. II. Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação de História Contemporânea do Brasil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Política e Bens Culturais. III.Título. CDD – 320.5315 Resumo: CORRÊA, Lucas Andrade Sá. Um nome e um programa: Érico Sachs e a Política Operária. Esta dissertação pretende discutir a trajetória do militante marxista Érico Sachs. Austríaco, nascido em 1922, Érico chegaria ao Brasil em 1939, após viver na Áustria, União Soviética e França. Em 1961, Sachs seria um dos fundadores da Organização Revolucionária Marxista – Política Operária (ORM-POLOP). A ORM-POLOP ocupou um importante papel nos debates e nas lutas da esquerda nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Apesar da sua influência na direção e formulação das linhas políticas da POLOP, Érico Sachs permanece quase desconhecido de militantes e historiadores. Usando o conceito de “atualidade da revolução” de Lukacs, pretende-se entender a influência causada pela estratégia defendida por Sachs, especialmente nos anos 1960, e o seu isolamento, nos anos 1970 e 1980, assim como o seu posterior “esquecimento”. Palavras chave : Marxismo, Política Operária, POLOP, Érico Sachs, Lukács, movimento comunista. 1 Sumário Introdução..........................................................................................................................4 Capítulo I: De Volta às raízes............................................................................................7 1-A formação do movimento operário na Alemanha........................................................7 2-A III Internacional e a Revolução alemã......................................................................13 3-1923 e a bolchevização................................................................................................24 4-O Partido Comunista Alemão Oposição (KPO) e a Oposição Comunista Internacional (ICO)................................................................................................................................29 Capítulo II- “Luís Carlos Prestes e seus aliados”: A ideologia do PCB e a busca de uma alternativa comunista para o Brasil..........................................................................38 1-A Formação do Comunismo no Brasil.........................................................................39 2-A busca por uma alternativa ao PCB nos anos 40........................................................47 3-PCB dos anos 40 até o XX Congresso do PCUS.........................................................50 4-Érico Sachs e a Nova Esquerda....................................................................................54 5-A revista Movimento Socialista...................................................................................67 Capítulo III: Um nome e um programa: Érico Sachs e a Política Operária – 1960- 1979.................................................................................................................................79 1-Os primeiros passos da Política Operária.....................................................................80 2-Uma organização clandestina (1964-1969)..................................................................92 3-Prisão e exílio.............................................................................................................101 Conclusão......................................................................................................................113 Bibliografia....................................................................................................................116 2 “A filosofia não pode se efetivar sem a suprassunção do proletariado, o proletariado não pode se suprassumir sem a efetivação da filosofia. Quando estiverem realizadas todas as condições internas, o dia da ressureição alemã será anunciado pelo canto do galo gaulês”. (Karl Marx) “Não cabem dúvidas, ou revolução socialista ou caricatura de revolução”. (Ernesto “Che” Guevara) 3 Introdução: A Organização Revolucionária Marxista - Política Operária (ORM-POLOP, POLOP ou PO) significou uma nova vertente no movimento comunista brasileiro. Criada em 1961, reuniu militantes do Partido Socialista Brasileiro (PSB), do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB), de agrupamentos luxemburguistas, como a Liga Socialista Independente (LSI), trotskistas, como o Partido Operário Revolucionário Trotskista (POR-T) e de dissidentes do Partido Comunista Brasileiro (PCB). A POLOP, como ficou conhecida, ocupou um papel singular na história política do Brasil. A Política Operária formulou um programa e uma interpretação inovadores para o Brasil e a América Latina, definindo-os como parte do capitalismo mundial. A partir dessa caracterização, via como objetivo do proletariado brasileiro lutar por uma revolução socialista e não apenas nacional democrática, como defendia a PCB. Traçaram uma estratégia do processo de luta pela independência de classe, da transformação da “classe em si” em “classe para si” e da criação de um partido revolucionário do proletariado. Dessa forma, é considerável o legado deixado pela POLOP de luta militante contra o capitalismo brasileiro e latino americano , legado que partiu da militância para se transformar em relevantes contribuições acadêmicas. Da Política Operária saiu o núcleo da Teoria Marxista da Dependência com Ruy Mauro Marini, Vânia Bambirra e Theotônio dos Santos, além de cientistas sociais como Moniz Bandeira, Paul Singer, Eder Sader, Emir Sader e Michael Löwy. Muitos destes teóricos teriam também importante atuação política na redemocratização dos 1980, participando da construção do Partido Democrático Trabalhista (PDT) e do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT). Além disso, dissidências da POLOP formariam outras organizações que tiveram importante papel na luta armada contra a ditadura, como a Vanguarda Popular Revolucionária (VPR), o Comando de Libertação Nacional (COLINA) e Vanguarda Revolucionária Palmares (VAR-Palmares). A história da POLOP é, entretanto, permeada de “silêncios”, “não ditos” e “esquecimentos” (Pollak, 1989) que precisam ser entendidos e trazidos a tona. Para Pollak, a memória é um campo em disputa. Para além da Memória Oficial, existem “memórias subterrâneas que prosseguem seu trabalho de subversão no silêncio e de 4 maneira quase imperceptível afloram em momentos de crise em sobressaltos bruscos e exacerbados” (Idem, p.). No “trabalho de enquadramento” de uma memória e história das esquerdas, especialmente, durante o período da ditadura empresarial-militar (1964- 1985), a POLOP apareceu marginalizada, muitas vezes sua ação e programa foram omitidos ou esquecidos nos relatos de memória e trabalhos acadêmicos 1. Dentro deste enquadramento, talvez o mais impressionante “não dito”, praticamente ausente dos livros de história e memória sobre os períodos em que atuou, é o pensamento e a trajetória do marxista austríaco, naturalizado brasileiro, Érico Czaczkes Sachs. Fundador e dirigente da POLOP durante mais de vinte anos, Érico Sachs é pouco conhecido por militantes e pesquisadores. Um silêncio tenso e controverso recai sobre um personagem que teve influência sobre personalidades políticas e intelectuais de uma geração. Chamado de “mestre de todos nós”, por Moniz Bandeira 2, “o cérebro da POLOP”, por Theotônio dos Santos (Falcão, 2012, p 299), apontado por Ruy Mauro Marini como tendo uma “experiência e cultura política” que o teria influenciado 1 Este silêncio parece estar sendo quebrado, pelo menos no que se refere à produção acadêmica. Até o momento duas dissertações de mestrado foram escritas sobre a Polop: LEAL, Leovegildo P. Política Operária: a quebra do monopólio político, teórico e ideológico do reformismo na esquerda brasileira. Dissertação de mestrado. UFF. Niterói, 1992 (recentemente publicada, Virtualbooks 2011) e OLIVEIRA, Joelma Alves de. POLOP: As origens, a coesão e a cisão de uma organização marxista (1961-1967). 01/09/2007. Dissertação de mestrado. UNESP. Araraquara, 2007. Também foram escritos capítulos sobre a POLOP em livros sobre a história da esquerda e do marxismo
Recommended publications
  • When Fear Is Substituted for Reason: European and Western Government Policies Regarding National Security 1789-1919
    WHEN FEAR IS SUBSTITUTED FOR REASON: EUROPEAN AND WESTERN GOVERNMENT POLICIES REGARDING NATIONAL SECURITY 1789-1919 Norma Lisa Flores A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2012 Committee: Dr. Beth Griech-Polelle, Advisor Dr. Mark Simon Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Michael Brooks Dr. Geoff Howes Dr. Michael Jakobson © 2012 Norma Lisa Flores All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Dr. Beth Griech-Polelle, Advisor Although the twentieth century is perceived as the era of international wars and revolutions, the basis of these proceedings are actually rooted in the events of the nineteenth century. When anything that challenged the authority of the state – concepts based on enlightenment, immigration, or socialism – were deemed to be a threat to the status quo and immediately eliminated by way of legal restrictions. Once the façade of the Old World was completely severed following the Great War, nations in Europe and throughout the West started to revive various nineteenth century laws in an attempt to suppress the outbreak of radicalism that preceded the 1919 revolutions. What this dissertation offers is an extended understanding of how nineteenth century government policies toward radicalism fostered an environment of increased national security during Germany’s 1919 Spartacist Uprising and the 1919/1920 Palmer Raids in the United States. Using the French Revolution as a starting point, this study allows the reader the opportunity to put events like the 1848 revolutions, the rise of the First and Second Internationals, political fallouts, nineteenth century imperialism, nativism, Social Darwinism, and movements for self-government into a broader historical context.
    [Show full text]
  • German Communists
    = ~•••••••••• B•••••••~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• a• •= :• COMING PUBLICATIONS: •= =• / ~ • .= "ABOUT BELGIUM" by Camille Huysrnans. ; "THE FLAMING BORDER" by Czeslaw Poznanski. "GERMAN CONSERVATIVES" by Curt Geyer. "THE ROAD TO MUNICH" by Dr. Jan Opocenski. "THE WOLF AS A NEIGHBOUR" by M. van Blankenstein. NEW SERIES: THE FUTURE OF EUROPE AND THE WO~LD "GERMANY AT PEACE" by Walter Loeb. "FRENCH SECURITY AND GERMANY" . by Edmond Vermeil. "PROGRESS TO WORLD PEACE" by K. F. Bieligk. - HUTCHINSON & CO. (Publishers), LTD. ••••m•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••2. "FIGHT FOR FREEDOM" Editorial Board LUIS ARAQUISTAIN CAM!LLE HUYSMANS JOSEF BELINA PROFESSOR A. PRAGIER JOHN BROWN M. SLUYSER CURT GEYER RENNIE SMITH W . W. HENDERSON MARY E. SUTHERLAND,7 j.P. GERMAN COMMUNISTS by ./ SPARTAKUS Foreword by ALFRED M. WALL Translated from the German by. E. Fitzgerald TO THE MEMORY OF ROSA LUXEMBURG KARL LIEBKNECHT PAUL- LEVI - SPARTAKUS has lived in Germany all. his life andIeft shortly after Hitler came.,.10 power. ' From his youth he has worked in the German Labour Movements-Socialist and Communist. He was one of the early "Spartakists" in the last war and he is still . today . a devoted fighter against German aggression and 'nationalism from whatever source it may spring. CONTENTS PAGE . FOREWORD 4 PART l THE SPARTACUS LEAGUE 1914-1918 7 PART II THE COMMUNIST PARTY 1919-1933 22 THE PARTY AND THE VERSAILLES TREATY 22 THE KAPP "PUTSCH" 28 THE UNITED COMMUNIST PARTY OF GERMANY 30 THE W..ARCH ACTION . 34 THE NATIONALISTIC LINE . ..... .. ' 36 THE RAPALLO TREATY' 38 THE OCCUPATION OF THE RUHR 39 SCHLAGETER 42 CORRUPTION 45 THE UNSUCCESSFUL RISING OF 1923 46 THE DECLINE OF THE GERMAN COMMUNIST PARTY 48 GERMAN MILITARY EXPENDITURE 53 "THE HORNY-HANDED SON OF TOIL".
    [Show full text]
  • The Beginning of the End: the Political Theory of the Gernian Conmunist Party to the Third Period
    THE BEGINNING OF THE END: THE POLITICAL THEORY OF THE GERNIAN CONMUNIST PARTY TO THE THIRD PERIOD By Lea Haro Thesis submitted for degree of PhD Centre for Socialist Theory and Movements Faculty of Law, Business, and Social Science January 2007 Table of Contents Abstract I Acknowledgments iv Methodology i. Why Bother with Marxist Theory? I ii. Outline 5 iii. Sources 9 1. Introduction - The Origins of German Communism: A 14 Historical Narrative of the German Social Democratic Party a. The Gotha Unity 15 b. From the Erjlurt Programme to Bureaucracy 23 c. From War Credits to Republic 30 II. The Theoretical Foundations of German Communism - The 39 Theories of Rosa Luxemburg a. Luxemburg as a Theorist 41 b. Rosa Luxemburg's Contribution to the Debates within the 47 SPD i. Revisionism 48 ii. Mass Strike and the Russian Revolution of 1905 58 c. Polemics with Lenin 66 i. National Question 69 ii. Imperialism 75 iii. Political Organisation 80 Summary 84 Ill. Crisis of Theory in the Comintern 87 a. Creating Uniformity in the Comintern 91 i. Role of Correct Theory 93 ii. Centralism and Strict Discipline 99 iii. Consequencesof the Policy of Uniformity for the 108 KPD b. Comintern's Policy of "Bolshevisation" 116 i. Power Struggle in the CPSU 120 ii. Comintern After Lenin 123 iii. Consequencesof Bolshevisation for KPD 130 iv. Legacy of Luxemburgism 140 c. Consequencesof a New Doctrine 143 i. Socialism in One Country 145 ii. Sixth Congress of the Comintern and the 150 Emergence of the Third Period Summary 159 IV. The Third Period and the Development of the Theory of Social 162 Fascism in Germany a.
    [Show full text]
  • Biographische Skizzen
    BIOGRAPHISCHE SKIZZEN Ottokar Luban (Berlin) Fanny Thomas-Jezierska (18871945) Von Rosa Luxemburg zu Gramsci, Stalin und August Thalheimer Stationen einer internationalen Sozialistin Der Name Fanny Jezierska taucht in den Editionen der Briefe Rosa Luxemburgs sowie Karl Liebknechts und auch Clara Zetkins mehrmals als Adressatin von Schreiben dieser bekannten Sozialistinnen und Sozialisten auf. Doch enthalten diese Publikationen entweder überhaupt keine oder nur wenige und äußerst unvollständige, teilweise sogar unrichtige biographische Angaben zur Person F. Jezierskas.1 Wer war diese Fanny Jezierska, deren Name von drei Ausnahmen2 abgesehen im Laufe ihrer politischen Tätigkeit nie in der Öffentlichkeit auftauchte, die aber mit vielen prominenten Sozialisten und Kommunisten wie Karl Liebknecht, Käte und Hermann Duncker, Franz Mehring, Rosa Luxemburg, Leo Jogiches, James Thomas, Clara Zetkin, Angelo Tasca, Antonio Gramsci, Palmiro Togliatti, Jules Humbert-Droz, Dmitri S. Manuilski, Josef W. Stalin, Nikolai Bucharin, Clara Zetkin, Paul Frölich, August Thalheimer und Heinrich Brandler in Kontakt stand? Eine Frau, mit der C. Zetkin 1931 »in diesen Wochen in Gedanken lange Gespräche« führte und der sie brieflich ihr Herz über ihre eigene schwierige 1 Rosa Luxemburg, Gesammelte Briefe, Bd. 5, hrsg. vom Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus beim ZK der SED, Leitung der Redaktion: Annelies Laschitza und Günter Radczun. Berlin-Ost 1984 (im folgenden: R. Luxemburg, Ges. Briefe, 5), S. 34, 58, 77, 81, 84, 109, 110, 352, 387, 411 (S. 116, unklar, ob mit Frl. J. auch F. Jezierska gemeint ist). Karl Liebknecht, Gesammelte Reden und Schriften, hrsg. vom Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus, Bd. VIII, August 1914 bis April 1916, Berlin [Ost] 1966 (im folgenden: Liebknecht, Ges. Reden u.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Josch Lampe 2021
    Copyright by Josch Lampe 2021 The Dissertation Committee for Josch Lampe Certifies that this is the approved version of the following Dissertation: The Marxisms of West Germany's "1968": Remaking a Public Critique through Literary Magazines Committee: Katherine Arens, Supervisor Pascale R. Bos Kirkland A. Fulk Sabine Hake Jan Uelzmann The Marxisms of West Germany's "1968": Remaking a Public Critique through Literary Magazines by Josch Lampe Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin May 2021 Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor and committee, without whom this dissertation would not have been possible. The University of Texas at Austin and its Department of Germanic Studies have been crucial for this research project in both intellectual and financial ways. Research grants for the summers of 2018 and 2019 from the Department and a University Graduate Continuing Fellowship from the Graduate School for the academic year 2019–20 made it possible for me to devote my energies to my project and to complete it despite the disruptions of 2020. I would also like to thank the American Friends of Marbach, who granted me a dissertation fellowship to conduct research at the German Literature Archive in Marbach, Germany, in the summer of 2018. Vast parts of this dissertation are based on data that I was able to access thanks to the archivists, researchers, and staff in Marbach, especially Jan Bürger, Christoph Hilse, Gerhild Kölling, Petra Weiß, and Robert Zwarg.
    [Show full text]
  • Jay Lovestone Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf4q2nb077 Online items available Register of the Jay Lovestone papers Finding aid prepared by Grace M. Hawes and Hoover Institution Library and Archives Staff Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 2008 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Register of the Jay Lovestone 75091 1 papers Title: Jay Lovestone papers Date (inclusive): 1904-1989 Collection Number: 75091 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 896 manuscript boxes, 4 oversize boxes, 49 envelopes, 3 sound tape reels, 1 framed map(364.2 Linear Feet) Abstract: Correspondence, reports, memoranda, bulletins, clippings, serial issues, pamphlets, other printed matter, photographs, and sound recordings relating to the Communist International, the communist movement in the United States and elsewhere, communist influence in American and foreign trade unions, and organized labor movements in the United States and abroad. Digital copies of select records also available at https://digitalcollections.hoover.org. Creator: Lovestone, Jay Hoover Institution Library & Archives Access The collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Acquisition Information Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 1975. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Jay Lovestone papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Location of Original Materials Digital copies of select records also available at https://digitalcollections.hoover.org. 1907 or Moved to the United States 1908 1913-1915 In his early teens, became interested in the DeLeonite Socialist Labor Party and shortly thereafter joined the Socialist Party.
    [Show full text]
  • Historicalmaterialism Bookseries
    Otto Bauer (1881–1938) Historical Materialism Book Series Editorial Board Sébastien Budgen (Paris) David Broder (Rome) Steve Edwards (London) Juan Grigera (London) Marcel van der Linden (Amsterdam) Peter Thomas (London) volume 121 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/hm Otto Bauer in 1931 Otto Bauer (1881–1938) Thinker and Politician By Ewa Czerwińska-Schupp Translated by Maciej Zurowski leiden | boston This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc License, which permits any non-commercial use, and distribution, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Published with the support of Austrian Science Fund (fwf) First published in German by Peter Lang as Otto Bauer: Studien zur social-politischen Philosophie. © by Peter Lang GmbH. Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Frankfurt am Main, 2005. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016031159 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1570-1522 isbn 978-90-04-31573-0 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32583-8 (e-book) Copyright 2017 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. This work is published by Koninklijke Brill NV. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill nv reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases.
    [Show full text]
  • M. N. Roy and the Frankfurt School: Socialist Humanism and the Critical Analysis of Communication, Culture, Technology, Fascism and Nationalism
    tripleC 17(2): 249-286, 2019 http://www.triple-c.at M. N. Roy and the Frankfurt School: Socialist Humanism and the Critical Analysis of Communication, Culture, Technology, Fascism and Nationalism Christian Fuchs University of Westminster, London, UK, http://fuchs.uti.at, @fuchschristian Abstract: Manabendra Nath Roy (1887-1954) was the founder of the Communist Parties of Mexico and India and a socialist-humanist philosopher. In the Western world, his works are today widely ignored and forgotten. This article introduces some philosophical aspects of Roy’s thought. It engages with foundations of his theory and shows its relevance for the study of communication, culture, technology, the human being, fascism, and nationalism. Frankfurt School thinkers such as Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, and Erich Fromm were interested in similar topics to Roy. This article also compares the approach of Roy and the Frankfurt School. It shows parallels between Roy and the first generation of the Frankfurt School with respect to themes such as the dialectic of technology and society, the dialectic of the Enlightenment, fascism, nationalism, and authoritarianism. In the age of new nationalisms and authoritarian capitalism, global environmental crises, capitalist crisis, and the digital crisis, socialist-humanist theories such as M. N. Roy’s can inspire struggles for a hu- manist and socialist society as antidotes to the acceleration and deepening of the three crises. Keywords: M. N. Roy, Manabendra Nath Roy, socialist humanism, Marxist humanism, Karl Marx, Marxism, communication, culture, technology, ideology, fascism, nationalism, authori- tarianism, liberalism, capitalism, socialism, Frankfurt School, Theodor W. Adorno, Max Hork- heimer, Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm, Georg Lukács, Rosa Luxemburg, Eric J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spartacist Uprising of 1919
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Marquette University Press Publications 1958 The Spartacist Uprising of 1919 Eric Waldman Ph.D Follow this and additional works at: https://epublications.marquette.edu/mupress-book THE SPARTACIST UPRISING MARQUETTE GERMAN STUDIES I The Spartacist Marquette German Studies, l Uprising of 1919 and the crisis of the German Socialist Movement: A study of the relation of political theory and party practice ERIC WALDMAN, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Political Science at Marquette University PRESS • MILWAUKEE �. MARQUETTE GERMAN SnmIES are published under the direction of the Institute of German Affairs of Marquette University. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 58-7265 @ Copyright, 1958, MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY PRESS, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Manufactured in the United States of America Acknowledgment T 1s A well known truism that most books reflect not only the effort of the author but an accumulation of thought and Istudy by many others who have completed research and publica­ tion in the same general area of investigation. This book is no exception to the rule, and the author has made extensive use of many excellent studies concerned with German political and his­ torical developments. No effort has been made to repeat descrip­ tive material found elsewhere, although references in the foot­ notes will direct the reader to more detailed historical studies. It is impossible to acknowledge our obligations to all of those who have directly or indirectly assisted with the writing of this study. However, the author's intellectual indebtedness to his for­ mer teacher, Professor Wolfgang H. Kraus, is of such magnitude that is must be foremost as we acknowledge assistance, advice, and constructive criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Constance Bantman
    526 Book Reviews canon may be open to some challenges, for instance because of the omission of syndic- alism, but it is a thought-provoking and well-argued questioning of the usual ideological fault lines, where no partisan attempts at appropriation and exclusion appear to be at stake. Also of note are interesting nods to the striking presence of gender discrimination and anti-semitism within the movement. The study discusses Charlotte Wilson and Louisa Bevington, who are usually treated as background figures, and highlights the many instances when progressive ideas coexisted with backward positions on gender roles. Similarly, anti-semitic leanings are repeatedly pointed out, from Proudhon in the first chapter to Geddes in the final one, eventually hinting at a possible red thread in the anarchist tradition. These are also important sub-themes, calling for further exploration. Constance Bantman School of English and Languages, University of Surrey Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom E-mail: [email protected] FRO¨ LICH,PAUL. Im radikalen Lager. Politische Autobiographie 1890–1921. BasisDruck,Berlin2013.415pp.Ill.h 29.80. doi:10.1017/S0020859014000558 The memoirs of Paul Fro¨ lich (1884–1953), a left-wing radical within the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) and a founder of the German Communist Party (KPD) in 1919, can be considered one of the true archive sensations of recent years. Written in 1938 at the request of the Amsterdam-based International Institute of Social History, the unpub- lished manuscript was lost during World War II and rediscovered only in 2007. While a French translation was published in 2012, this German edition by Reiner Tosstorff pre- sents the text in its original language, adding sources on its origin as well as an afterword by the editor on Fro¨ lich’s post-1921 political life.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. Xxiv/Xxv (2018/2019) No 31–32
    THE INTERNATIONAL NEWSLETTER OF COMMUNIST STUDIES Der Internationale Newsletter der Kommunismusforschung La newsletter internationale des recherches sur le communisme Международный бюллетень исторических исследований коммунизма La Newsletter Internacional de Estudios sobre el Comunismo A Newsletter Internacional de Estudos sobre o Comunismo Edited by Bernhard H. Bayerlein and Gleb J. Albert VOL. XXIV/XXV (2018/2019) NO 31–32 Published by The European Workshop of Communist Studies With Support of the Institute of Social Movements and the Library of the Ruhr University Bochum ISSN 1862-698X http://incs.ub.rub.de The International Newsletter of Communist Studies XXIV/XXV (2018/19), nos. 31-32 2 Editors Bernhard H. Bayerlein Institute of Social Movements (ISB), University of Bochum, Germany [email protected] / [email protected] Gleb J. Albert Department of History, University of Zurich [email protected] Board of Correspondents Lars Björlin (Stockholm) Ottokar Luban (Berlin) Kasper Braskén (Åbo) Kevin McDermott (Sheffield) Hernán Camarero (Buenos Aires) Brendan McGeever (London) Cosroe Chaqueri † (Paris) Kevin Morgan (Manchester) Sonia Combe (Paris) Timur Mukhamatulin (New Brunswick) Mathieu Denis (Paris/Montréal) Manfred Mugrauer (Wien) Jean-François Fayet (Fribourg) Maria Luisa Nabinger (Rio de Janeiro) Jan Foitzik (Berlin) José Pacheco Pereira (Lisbon) Daniel Gaido (Córdoba, Argentina) Fredrik Petersson (Åbo/Stockholm) José Gotovitch (Bruxelles) Adriana Petra (Buenos Aires) Sobhanlal Datta Gupta (Calcutta) Kimmo Rentola
    [Show full text]
  • Dogma, Romance and Double Consciousness
    Dogma, Romance and Double Consciousness The Dilemmas of the New Negro Generation Through the Travels of Otto Huiswoud and Claude McKay Lennart Bolwijn, 10271589 Address of correspondence: [email protected] Supervisor: George Blaustein University of Amsterdam Faculty of Humanities Master Thesis in American Studies 39700 words 4 July, 2018 “Jazz is a marvel of a paradox: too fundamentally human, at least as modern humanity goes, to be typically racial, too international to be characteristically national, too much abroad in the world to have a special home. And yet jazz in spite of it all is one part American and three parts American Negro, and was originally the nobody’s child of the levee and the city slum. Transplanted exotic – a rather hardy one, we admit – of the mundane world capitals, sport of the sophisticated, it is really at home in its humble native soil wherever the modern unsophisticated Negro feels happy and sings and dances to his mood. It follows that jazz is more at home in Harlem than in Paris, though from the look and sound of certain quarters of Paris one would hardly think so. It is just the epidemic contagiousness of jazz that makes it, like the measles, sweep the block. But somebody had to have it first: that was the Negro.” -J.A. Rogers, Jazz at Home (1925) “As with the Jew, persecution is making the Negro international.” “Garveyism may be a transient, if spectacular phenomenon, but the possible role of the American Negro in the future development of Africa is one of the most constructive and universally helpful missions that any modern people can lay claim to.” -Alain Locke, The New Negro (1925) 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Jessica de Abreu, Mitchell Esajas and Miguel Heilbron for their work in establishing the Black Archives in Amsterdam and introducing me to Otto and Hermina Huiswoud.
    [Show full text]