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Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath PHD Offensive Intelligence An Epistemic Community in the Transition from Cold War Liberalism to Neoconservatism Griffin, Thomas Award date: 2017 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 Offensive Intelligence: An Epistemic Community in the Transition from Cold War Liberalism to Neoconservatism Tom Griffin A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath Department of Social & Policy Sciences April 2017 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with the author. A copy of this thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that they must not copy it or use material from it except as permitted by law or with the consent of the author. This thesis may be made available for consultation within the University Library and may be photocopied or lent to other libraries for the purposes of consultation with effect from……………….(date) Signed on behalf of the Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences 1 Contents List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ 5 Introduction: Covert action in transnational class formation ................................................. 9 Chapter one: The origins of mass propaganda 1917-1939 ................................................... 11 Wilson’s Crusade for Democracy ....................................................................................... 32 Munzenburg’s Red Orchestra ............................................................................................ 33 Brandler’s International Communist Opposition .............................................................. 35 The Lovestoneites and the intellectuals: Corporatism and the ‘New Class’ ..................... 41 The Lovestoneites and covert action................................................................................. 43 Chapter Two: World War Two ............................................................................................... 44 Dubinsky’s War within the War ......................................................................................... 50 The Lovestoneite afterlife: Transnational labour politics in World War Two ................... 54 Chapter Three: The Early Cold War ....................................................................................... 56 Post-war Interlude 1945-47............................................................................................... 56 The Political Warfare Coalition After World War Two .................................................. 56 The Two-Tier Dynamic - Eur-x and Ben Mandel ............................................................ 58 The Two-Tier Dynamic – Whittaker Chambers and HUAC ............................................ 60 The Non-Communist Left at home ................................................................................ 61 The World Federation of Trade Unions ......................................................................... 62 Lovestoneite activities in Post-war France .................................................................... 62 Lovestoneite activities in Post-war Germany ................................................................ 63 The International Rescue Committee ............................................................................ 66 Verdict on the Post-War interlude ................................................................................ 66 Containment 1947-1950 .................................................................................................... 66 The Central Intelligence Agency .................................................................................... 67 The Information Research Department ........................................................................ 68 The Italian elections of 1948 ......................................................................................... 69 Germany ........................................................................................................................ 69 The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions ................................................ 70 The Cultural Cold War ................................................................................................... 71 1950-56 From containment to roll- back .......................................................................... 73 NSC-68 and the Committee on the Present Danger ...................................................... 73 The CIA in the early 1950s ............................................................................................. 74 McCarthyism and the non-communist left ................................................................... 75 2 The Angleton Era 1955-1960 ............................................................................................. 76 Angleton, Lovestone and Israel ..................................................................................... 76 Britain in the 1950s ........................................................................................................ 78 The AFL-CIO Merger ...................................................................................................... 80 Hungary and the end of rollback ................................................................................... 80 The Battle for the Third World ...................................................................................... 81 Chapter Four – The break-up of the post-war consensus ..................................................... 85 Cold War liberalism and Vietnam .................................................................................. 86 The Domestic Break-up of cold war liberalism .............................................................. 87 The Committee to Maintain a Prudent Defense Policy ................................................. 90 The Salt Treaty debate ................................................................................................... 90 The 1972 Presidential election ...................................................................................... 92 The Lovestone and Angleton purges ............................................................................. 93 Chapter Five: The Neoconservative Counteroffensive of the 1970s ..................................... 96 The Second Committee on the Present Danger ............................................................ 97 The American Security Council .................................................................................... 100 The National Strategy Information Center .................................................................. 101 Team B ......................................................................................................................... 101 The Carter Administration ........................................................................................... 103 The intelligence debate in the late 1970s ....................................................................... 104 The role of Roy Godson ............................................................................................... 104 The Consortium for the Study of Intelligence ............................................................. 106 The CSI conferences: Elements of Intelligence ............................................................ 106 The CSI Conferences: Analysis and Estimates ............................................................. 110 April 1980 Colloquium on Counterintelligence ........................................................... 112 International parallels ..................................................................................................... 114 Britain .......................................................................................................................... 114 Jerusalem Conference on International Terrorism ..................................................... 114 Chapter Six: Neoconservatism in the Reagan era ............................................................... 116 The Reagan Administration ............................................................................................. 116 Democracy promotion in the 1980s ................................................................................ 117 Developing the neoconservative theory of intelligence ................................................
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