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Technology Evaluation for Chemical Demilitarization Summary of Preliminary Assessments Performed by SAIC Contract: DAAD13-01-D-0007, Task: T-03-S-002

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Technology Evaluation for Chemical Demilitarization Summary of Preliminary Assessments Performed by SAIC Contract: DAAD13-01-D-0007, Task: T-03-S-002 Technology Evaluation for Chemical Demilitarization Summary of Preliminary Assessments Performed by SAIC Contract: DAAD13-01-D-0007, Task: T-03-S-002 Website: https://home.pmcd.army.mil/techeval/ Link: Preliminary Assessments Technology Evaluated Technology Description Summary of Conclusions/Recommendations Preliminary Independent If SCWO is chosen to treat VX/caustic hydrolysate, The S3 proposal appears to be technically sound. It offers the Assessment of General the S3 proposal recommends bringing up two small- potential for using SCWO as the primary or a backup treatment Atomics Speedy Speedy SCWO scale SCWO units at NECDF while a third, and option for VX hydrolysate. It provides the ability to carry out (S3) Proposal for NECDF potentially a fourth larger scale units are being fabrication and implementation on a shorter time scale than the 26 March 2002 fabricated. The S3 proposal recommends using a full-scale system. removable Pt HIP liner and a removable C-276 liner General Atomics as a backup. Application of Electron Beam The proposed technology consists of a system to The technology is at a research stage and may be more applicable for Decontamination of generate and direct a beam of electrons onto a to the decontamination of biological agents rather than chemical Chemical Agents material or surface causing transformation or agents. A significant effort would be needed to optimize the April 2002 destruction of chemical or biological agents. system and develop process details in terms of hardware configuration, setup, operating conditions and procedures, reaction times, etc. Destruction of Chemical The technology envisioned would involve injecting Based on lab-scale work with HD, the technology appears Agents Included in Unexploded chemical agent gases and/or liquids into a low- basically sound. However, the low-pressure pyrolysis process has Weapons Using Low Pressure pressure vessel that would be resistively heated in neither been scaled for the destruction of chemical agents nor Pyrolysis an inert atmosphere of nitrogen. The target used commercially for any other industrial hazardous wastes. May 2002 compounds are expected to thermally decompose to reduced compounds. DCPR-CNRS Preliminary Comparative The principal option for NECDF incorporates SCWO The comparison of the two technologies favors SCWO over Silver Evaluation of Supercritical as the technology of choice for onsite treatment of II in eight out of ten evaluation criteria. The Government has a Water Oxidation (SCWO) and VX-NaOH hydrolysate. Mediated electrochemical considerable investment in bringing the SCWO technology to its Silver II Processes for oxidation (Silver II technology) was proposed by current stage of development, where technical issues that still Treatment of VX/Water CH2M Hill/AEA to process VX-water hydrolysate require resolution are well identified and appear to be well Hydrolysate at Newport from the INVX process at Newport. A comparison underway toward successful resolution. Consequently, any new June 2002 of these two technologies was conducted to provide technology proposed to replace SCWO must provide a input into ongoing discussions regarding the choice significantly higher expectation of success. of onsite technology at Newport. Technology Evaluation for Chemical Demilitarization Summary of Preliminary Assessments Performed by SAIC Contract: DAAD13-01-D-0007, Task: T-03-S-002 Website: https://home.pmcd.army.mil/techeval/ Link: Preliminary Assessments Technology Evaluated Technology Description Summary of Conclusions/Recommendations Preliminary Evaluation of the The MSO process is a flameless, thermal oxidation Progress made by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory EXCELL Molten Salt Process process that destroys organic constituents of waste (LLNL) and the Navy during the last three years should be June 2002 in a bath of molten salts. The process typically reviewed to determine if previous conclusions warrant injects air with the waste stream into a molten salt reconsideration. Also, more detailed information about the unique, Excell Partnership bath of various mixtures of salts. Halide acids are proprietary aspects of the EXCELL design are needed in order to precipitated as salts so the off-gas is a relatively determine if there are advantages over other MSO units. clean mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor. Assessment of Concept The general concept centers on placing a high Since the Army is no longer pursuing in-situ hydrolysis, the bulk of Document “Sonication and VX power (kilowatts) ultrasonic probe directly in a ton the assessment focused on whether sonochemical processes are Neutralization/Destruction” container in order to accomplish two distinct effective and ready for large-scale operations for oxidizing and June 2002 objectives: (1) increase mixing to accelerate the in- hydrolyzing organics in aqueous wastes (e.g. VX hydrolysate). A situ hydrolysis of VX with water in ton containers, significant development program would be required to ensure Furness-Newburge, Inc and (2) provide for the oxidative/hydrolytic safe, reliable, effective operation at full-scale and further destruction of EA-2192 using sonochemical consideration is not warranted. destruction from acoustic cavitation. Microwave Plasma and its Thermal plasmas create zones of very high There are technical and/or economic issues that make microwave Possible Use in Chemical temperature ionized gas, which will break down the plasma unattractive for an industrial-scale application. The Demilitarization most refractory chemical bonds. These plasmas temperature limitations suggested by the analytical plasma June 2002 are created through the very high power dissipation generation methods may be the greatest limitation. This type of within the torch or between the arcing electrodes. system may be useful in applications where lower temperature Physical Sciences, Incorporated Microwave radiation can also be used to produce plasma is needed. It is not the optimal method of plasma plasma similar to plasmas produced by other energy production for large-scale destruction of agent or agent byproducts sources such as radio-frequency induction or in an aqueous waste stream. electrical arcs. Technology Evaluation for Chemical Demilitarization Summary of Preliminary Assessments Performed by SAIC Contract: DAAD13-01-D-0007, Task: T-03-S-002 Website: https://home.pmcd.army.mil/techeval/ Link: Preliminary Assessments Technology Evaluated Technology Description Summary of Conclusions/Recommendations Preliminary Assessment of Chlorine dioxide is a moderately strong oxidant. It Chlorine dioxide-based chemical warfare agent decontamination Chlorine Dioxide Technology does not chlorinate or alkylate chemical species, but reactions have only been studied at laboratory scale, so the for the PMCD Program oxidizes them. The residue after treatment of waste technology should be estimated to still be at the applied research July 2002 includes only chloride ion, plus the oxidation stage, or about 5 to 6 years from full-scale implementation and products from the treated material. commercialization. CDG Technologies Preliminary Evaluation of The under water plasma process discharges 30 kV Although information provided by the vendor is incomplete, there Under Water Plasma Process electrical pulses, which are claimed to have a appears to be credible work being pursued with this technology by for Solarwind Environmental number of effects, including creating supercritical other parties to enhance processes such as ozonation or July 2002 conditions; dissociating organic molecules; hydrogen peroxide oxidation. If any of the chemical separating air and water into oxygen, peroxy and demilitarization waste streams are found to be amenable to Solarwind Environmental hydroxyl radicals; and creating free-electrons and treatment by these oxidation methods, this technology could be a ions. The process appears to be similar to the more possible enhancement. standard ozonation technique and claims improvement in effectiveness using a chemical “brew”. Continuous Emission Monitors PICs are byproducts of combustion devices that are CEMS for PCDD/PCDFs (as well as VOCs and SVOCs) are not (CEMs) for Products of formed as a result of partial combustion caused by required under the MACT rules. Currently, there are no Incomplete Combustion (PICs) incomplete mixing, insufficient residence time, or instruments available that have the required sensitivity. September 2002 insufficient temperature. The report discusses the Development of such CEMS is an active task at both the EPA and status of continuous emission monitors for the DOE, and it is recommended that progress by these organizations detection of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and be monitored at regular intervals. The status of the development furans (PCDDs and PCDFs). Instruments evaluated of a field-deployable Jet-REMPI system by PMCD/EMO and include chromatographic methods, jet-REMPI and EPA/NRMRL should be closely monitored. Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy. Technology Evaluation for Chemical Demilitarization Summary of Preliminary Assessments Performed by SAIC Contract: DAAD13-01-D-0007, Task: T-03-S-002 Website: https://home.pmcd.army.mil/techeval/ Link: Preliminary Assessments Technology Evaluated Technology Description Summary of Conclusions/Recommendations Multi-Metal Continuous This report discusses aspects of MMCEMs, None of the MMCEMs available meet the relative accuracy Emission Monitors (MMCEMS) including: instruments commercially
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