Rep12/Pr Joint Fao/Who Food Standards Programme

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Rep12/Pr Joint Fao/Who Food Standards Programme E REP12/PR JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION 35th Session Geneva, Switzerland, 2 – 7 July 2012 REPORT OF THE 44th SESSION OF THE CODEX COMMITTEE ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES Shanghai, China, 23 - 28 April 2012 Note: This report includes Codex Circular Letter CL 2012/10-PR. E CX 4/40.2 CL 2012/10-PR May 2012 To: - Codex Contact Points - Interested International Organizations From: Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, E-mail: [email protected], Fax: +39 06 57054593) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy SUBJECT: DISTRIBUTION OF THE REPORT OF THE 44TH SESSION OF THE CODEX COMMITTEE ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES (REP11/PR) The report of the 44th Session of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues will be considered by the 35th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Rome, Italy, 2 – 7 July 2012). PART A: MATTERS FOR ADOPTION BY THE 35TH SESSION OF THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION: 1. Draft Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides at Step 8 (paras. 28 - 85 and Appendix II); 2. Draft Revision to the Codex Classification of Food and Animal Feed (fruit commodity groups) at Step 8 (para. 107 and Appendix VIII); 3. Draft Principles and Guidance for the Selection of Representative Commodities for the Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides to Commodity Groups (including Table 1: Examples of the selection of representative commodities - fruit commodity groups) at Step 8 (para. 127 and Appendix XI); and 4. Proposed Draft Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides at Step 5/8 (with omission of Steps 6/7) (paras. 28 - 85 and Appendix III). Governments and international organizations wishing to submit comments on the above draft and proposed draft MRLs, should do so in writing, in conformity with the Procedures for the Elaboration of Codex Standards and Related Texts (Part 3 – Uniform Procedure for the Elaboration of Codex Standards and Related Texts, Procedural Manual of the Codex Alimentarius Commission), preferably by email, to the above address before 15 June 2012. 5. Proposed Draft Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides at Step 5 (paras. 28 – 85 and Appendix IV); and 6. Proposed Draft Revision to the Codex Classification of Food and Animal Feed at Step 5 – selected vegetable commodity groups (para. 117 and Appendix IX). Governments and international organizations wishing to submit comments on the above matters, should do so in writing, in conformity with the Procedures for the Elaboration of Codex Standards and Related Texts (Part 3 – Uniform Procedure for the Elaboration of Codex Standards and Related Texts, Procedural Manual of the Codex Alimentarius Commission), preferably by email, to the above address before 15 June 2012. PART B: OTHER MATTERS FOR ACTION BY THE 35TH SESSION OF THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION 7. Codex Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides recommended for Revocation (paras. 28 - 85 and Appendix V); and 8. Analysis of Pesticides Residues: Recommended Methods (CODEX STAN 229-1993) (para. 183). Governments and international organizations wishing to submit comments on the proposed revocations on Codex MRLs and other related texts should do so in writing, preferably by email, to the above address before 15 June 2012. CL 2012/10-PR ii PART C: REQUEST FOR COMMENTS AND INFORMATION ON: 9. Proposed draft Table 2: Examples of the selection of representative commodities - selected vegetable commodity groups - Brassica (cole or cabbage) vegetables, Head cabbages and Flowerhead cabbages; Leafy vegetables (including brassica leafy vegetables); and Stalk and stem vegetables (Draft Principles and Guidance for the Selection of Representative Commodities for the Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides to Commodity Groups) (para. 128 and Appendix XII) Governments and international organizations wishing to submit comments on the proposed revocations on Codex MRLs and other related texts should do so in writing, preferably by email, to the above address before 15 August 2012. 10. Matters related to the 2012 JMPR including Concern Forms (paras. 28 - 85) Those countries and observers specified under individual compounds concerning matters related to the 2012 JMPR (e.g. GAP, residue evaluation, intake assessment, etc.) on specific pesticide/commodity(ies) to be considered by 2012 JMPR, including submission of concern forms together with necessary data, are invited to send information or data to: 1) Ms Yong Zhen YANG, Agricultural Officer and JMPR Secretary, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy, Fax:+39 06 57053224, E-mail: [email protected]; 2) Dr Philippe VERGER, WHO JMPR Secretary, Appia Avenue 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland, Fax: +41 22 791 4807, E-mail: [email protected]; 3) Dr Xiongwu QIAO, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Changfeng Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030006, P.R. China, Fax: +86 351 7126215, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]; and 4) Secretariat, Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy, Fax: +39 06 57054593; E-mail: [email protected]) before 15 June 2012. Those countries and observers specified under individual compounds in REP12/PR, Appendix XIII concerning matters related to the future JMPR meetings (GAPs, residue evaluation, intake assessment, etc.) on specific pesticide/commodity(ies) to be considered at subsequent years by JMPR, are invited to send information or data one year before JMPR considers these compounds at the addresses indicated above. REP12/PR iii SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS MATTERS FOR ADOPTION BY THE 34TH SESSION OF THE COMMISSION Draft and proposed draft MRLs for pesticides and other related texts Draft and proposed draft MRLs for pesticide at Steps 8 and 5/8 with omission of Steps 6/7 (paras. 28 - 85 and Appendices II and III); Draft Revision to the Codex Classification of Food and Animal Feed (fruit commodity groups) at Step 8 (para. 107 and Appendix VIII) ; Draft Principles and Guidance for the Selection of Representative Commodities for the Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides to Commodity Groups (including Table 1: Examples of the selection of representative commodities - fruit commodity groups) at Step 8 (para. 127 and Appendix XI); Proposed Draft MRLs for pesticides at Step 5 (paras. 28 - 85 and Appendix IV); and Proposed Draft Revision to the Codex Classification of Food and Animal Feed at Step 5 – selected vegetable commodity groups (para. 117 and Appendix IX). Revocation of MRLs for pesticides and other related texts Revocation of Codex MRLs for pesticides (paras 29 - 85 and Appendix V); Revocation of CODEX STAN 229-1993 - Analysis of Pesticide Residues: Recommended Methods (para. 183); and Revocation of fruit commodity groups in the Codex Classification of Food and Animal Feed (CAC/MISC 4-1993) (to be replaced by corresponding provisions of the revised fruit commodity groups in Appendix VIII of REP12/PR as part of the ongoing revision of the Classification) (para. 107). Approval of new work Priority List for the Establishment of MRLs for Pesticides (para. 169 and Appendix XIII). MATTERS OF INTEREST TO THE COMMISSION The Committee: considered how to address methods of analysis for pesticide residues in relation to the request of the 34th Session of the Commission to develop criteria as opposed to a list of methods of analysis and reasserted its previous decision to recommend revocation of the Standard of Analysis of Pesticide Residues: Recommended Methods (CODEX STAN 229-1993) by the Commission and agreed to develop performance criteria for suitability assessment of methods of analysis (para. 185); noted matters arising from the 2012 JMPR including replies to specific concerns raised by the last session of the Committee (paras. 17 - 27); agreed to retain several draft and proposed draft MRLs for pesticides at Steps 7 and 4 awaiting for JMPR evaluations (paras. 28 – 85 and Appendices VI and VII); agreed that the 2012 JMPR should continue to elaborate MRLs proposals with and without making use of the concept of proportionality so that the result could be compared and agreed to consider principles and guidance for the use of the concept of proportionality to estimate MRLs (paras. 89 - 90); agreed to retain at Step 4 all proposed draft MRLs for the new chemical sulfoxaflor evaluated by the 2011 JMPR awaiting the outcome of the pilot project for JMPR recommendation of MRLs before national governments or other regional registration authorities for a global joint review chemical (para. 94 and Appendix VII); agreed to hold the commodity group on “edible flowers” at Step 7 pending finalization of the revision of the Classification of Food and Animal Feed in relation to the herbs group (para. 108 and Appendix X); agreed to continue to work on the revision of the Classification of Food and Animal Feed through the identification of other commodity groups including the need for revision of group MRLs in relation to the revised Classification for the fruit commodity groups (para. 126); agreed to continue to work on examples of selection of representative commodities for vegetable and other commodity groups (Table 2 of the draft Principles and Guidance for the Selection of Representative Commodities for the Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides to Commodity Groups) (para. 128 and Appendix XII); REP12/PR iv continue the revision of the Risk Analysis Principles applied by the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues with focus on the Periodic Review Procedure and the concern form / other forms (para. 163 and Appendix XIV); agreed on the criteria for use by CCPR and JMPR to determine the minimum number of field trials necessary to support the establishment of MRLs for minor crops / specialty crops in order to facilitate data submission to JMPR and to further develop these criteria including other related matters (paras. 132 and 138); encourage countries for financial and expertise support to the JMPR work and agreed that the issue of JMPR resources for the provision of scientific advice to CCPR should be raised at the governing bodies of FAO and WHO (para.
Recommended publications
  • Fruits; Fresh Vegetables and Fresh Limes” (Opp
    Trademark Trial and Appeal Board Electronic Filing System. http://estta.uspto.gov ESTTA Tracking number: ESTTA881622 Filing date: 03/07/2018 IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BEFORE THE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD Proceeding 91238258 Party Plaintiff Wonderful Citrus LLC Correspondence DARYA P LAUFER ESQ Address ROLL LAW GROUP PC 11444 WEST OLYMPIC BLVD LOS ANGELES, CA 90064 UNITED STATES Email: [email protected], [email protected] Submission Other Motions/Papers Filer's Name Michael M. Vasseghi Filer's email [email protected], [email protected] Signature / Michael M. Vasseghi / Date 03/07/2018 Attachments Opposition with Exhibits-reduced size.pdf(1950576 bytes ) IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE TRADEMARK TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD Wonderful Citrus LLC, Opposition No. 91238258 Opposer, Application Serial No. 87/472272 v. APB, Inc. dba Vision Produce Company, Applicant. OPPOSER WONDERFUL CITRUS LLC’S OPPOSITION TO APPLICANT’S MOTION FOR JUDGMENT ON THE PLEADINGS I. INTRODUCTION Applicant moves for judgment on the pleadings (“Motion”), arguing that “there is no genuine issue as to Opposer’s lack of prior rights in a trademark that could be confusingly similar to Applicant’s Mark.” (Motion pg. 3.)1 Applicant’s Motion is not well taken. It acknowledges that Opposer has alleged exactly what it takes issue with – that Opposer has prior rights in a trademark that could be confusingly similar to Applicant’s Mark. Despite this, Applicant seeks to take issue with those allegations, implicitly contending that Opposer will be unable to prove what it has alleged. (Motion pg. 2.) This is not a proper basis for judgment on the pleadings, which must accept as true all allegations asserted in the Opposition.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual for Certificate Course on Plant Protection & Pesticide Management
    Manual for Certificate Course on Plant Protection & Pesticide Management (for Pesticide Dealers) For Internal circulation only & has no legal validity Compiled by NIPHM Faculty Department of Agriculture , Cooperation& Farmers Welfare Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Government of India National Institute of Plant Health Management Hyderabad-500030 TABLE OF CONTENTS Theory Practical CHAPTER Page No. class hours hours I. General Overview and Classification of Pesticides. 1. Introduction to classification based on use, 1 1 2 toxicity, chemistry 2. Insecticides 5 1 0 3. fungicides 9 1 0 4. Herbicides & Plant growth regulators 11 1 0 5. Other Pesticides (Acaricides, Nematicides & 16 1 0 rodenticides) II. Pesticide Act, Rules and Regulations 1. Introduction to Insecticide Act, 1968 and 19 1 0 Insecticide rules, 1971 2. Registration and Licensing of pesticides 23 1 0 3. Insecticide Inspector 26 2 0 4. Insecticide Analyst 30 1 4 5. Importance of packaging and labelling 35 1 0 6. Role and Responsibilities of Pesticide Dealer 37 1 0 under IA,1968 III. Pesticide Application A. Pesticide Formulation 1. Types of pesticide Formulations 39 3 8 2. Approved uses and Compatibility of pesticides 47 1 0 B. Usage Recommendation 1. Major pest and diseases of crops: identification 50 3 3 2. Principles and Strategies of Integrated Pest 80 2 1 Management & The Concept of Economic Threshold Level 3. Biological control and its Importance in Pest 93 1 2 Management C. Pesticide Application 1. Principles of Pesticide Application 117 1 0 2. Types of Sprayers and Dusters 121 1 4 3. Spray Nozzles and Their Classification 130 1 0 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Article (PDF)
    eFood Vol. 1(2); April (2020), pp. 126–139 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/efood.k.200406.001; eISSN 2666-3066 https://www.atlantis-press.com/journals/efood Review Emerging Exotic Fruits: New Functional Foods in the European Market Laura Cornara1,*, Jianbo Xiao2, Antonella Smeriglio3, Domenico Trombetta3, Bruno Burlando4,5 1Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genova 16132, Italy 2Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 3 Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy 4Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, Genova 16132, Italy 5Biophysics Institute, National Research Council (CNR), via De Marini 6, Genova 16149, Italy ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History The consumption of exotic fruits is rapidly increasing in European countries. Some of these products have attracted much interest due to their alleged properties of preventing malnutrition, over-nutrition, and disease, maintaining a healthy body. Received 23 February 2020 Accepted 31 March 2020 Scientific studies on these fruits are multiplying, including chemical characterizations and biological investigations onin vitro and in vivo experimental models. This review concerns four edible fruits:Hylocereus undatus (dragon fruit), Annona cherimola Keywords (cherimoya), Citrus australasica (finger lime), andAverrhoa carambola (carambola or star fruit). By screening biomedical Superfruits databases, viz. Scopus, WOS, and PubMed, a total of 131 papers have been selected. Data reveals a wide series of biological functional food effects that confirm traditional medicinal uses or suggest new therapeutic applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Over 1,000 Varieties of Edible Plants!
    OVER 1,00 0 VA RIE TI ES O F E D IB L E P L A N T S ! VISIT OUR NURSERY! 6469 SE 134th Ave, Portland, OR 97236 ORDER TOLL FREE (503) 208-7520 1-877-353-4028 | fax: 1-800-418-9983 One Green World is a family owned nursery and garden center located in Portland, Oregon. We provide a huge EMAIL [email protected] selection of fruiting trees, shrubs, berries, vines, unique citrus, nut trees, vegetables and much more to people GET THE LATEST NEWS all over the United States. In addition to the plants we Sign up for our e-mail newsletter online! sell, the experts at OGW are available for questions and www.onegreenworld.com/newsletter advice on plants, plant care and gardening techniques. We will share gardening tips and let you know about plant sales, special events, unique tastings and classes We specialize in all things edible and are continuously throughout the year. adventuring to discover new and unique plant varieties. Our vision is to create a One Green World where PRICING everyone has access to homegrown delicious and Prices are subject to change at anytime. Our most nutritious fruits and veggies. accurate pricing for all plants can be found online at www.OneGreenWorld.com HAVE QUESTIONS? We're here to help! PLANT INDEX ACACIAS ............................104 GIANT GROUNDCHERRY .....101 NECTARINES ......................72 TREE COLLARD ...................96 AGAVE ..............................108 GINGER ..............................94 OAK TREES .........................90 ULLUCO .............................2 ALMOND ...........................86
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Resistance in Bed Bugs Everywhere!!!!!
    2/24/2018 Pesticide Resistance in Bed bugs were virtually eradicated from the U.S. in Bed Bugs the post WWII era due to DDT and other powerful Shujuan (Lucy) Li insecticides. University of Arizona Alvaro Romero New Mexico State University 2 By the 1960s, bed bugs had developed resistance Public housing Apartments to DDT, methoxychlor and analogues, BHC, Schools dieldrin and analogues , and pyrethrins ( Busvine 1958, Hospitals Nursing homes Cwilich & Mer 1957, Mallis and Miller 1964 ) . Homes Transportation Child care Medical facilities Hotels & motels Health care facilities Airports Movie theaters Department stores Products, vendors, or commercial services mentioned or pictured in this seminar are for Everywhere!!!!! illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be endorsements. 3 4 University of Arizona; Arizona Pest Management Center 1 2/24/2018 Possible reasons for treatment failure? Missed some Clutter Reintroduction Have you seen these after treatments? 5 6 Dose - response assays for field - collected strains Bed bugs survived direct insecticide sprays 99 deltamethrin 90 Ft. Dix F1 50 ) e l a c 10 s t CIN1 i b o 1.0 r p ( y t i l a t r 99 - cyhalothrin o m e 90 g a t n Resistance ratio (RR) at least 6,000 !!! e c Ft. Dix r 50 e P 10 CIN1 Suspend® ( Deltamethrin ) 1.0 10 -7 10 -6 10 -5 10 -4 10 -3 10 -2 10 -1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 Treatment (mg active ingredient/cm 2 ) Products, vendors, or commercial services mentioned or pictured in this seminar are for illustrative purposes only and are not meant Romero et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Residues in Food 2016 Joint
    412 ISSN 1014-11971014-1200 ISSN ISSN0259-2517 1020-055X 8 229 ESTUDIOESTUDIOƒTUDE FAOFAO BiotecnologíaEtudeTitle Spanish prospective agrícola INVESTIGACIÓNPRODUCCIîNFORæTSPLANT YPRODUCTION TECNOLOGIAY SANIDAD paradugdfgdfgdf secteur países sdforestier en desarrollo AND PROTECTIONANIMAL 141PAPER8 enJgfsdFFAO/WHOResultados Afrique de un foro electrónico Meetingf 229 Subtiltle 412 Pesticide residues in food 2016 – Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pest Rapport r gional Ð opportunit s et d s ˆ l'horizon 2020 En estaCe publicación rapport r gional se presenta de lÕEtude un informe prospective sobre du las secteur primerasBlurb TEXTforestier seis conferencias en Afrique fournitmediante une correo vue dÕensemble electrónico des The annualorganizadaspossibilit Joint s por oertesMeeting el Foro et ofelectrónicodes the d s FAO ˆ relever Panelde la FAOpour of Expertssobre Helveticarenforcer la biotecnologíaon boldla Pesticide contribution 8/12 Residuesen ladu alimentación secteur in Food forestier andy la agricultura,au the d veloppement Pesticide residues Environmentcelebradasdurable entre and de marzothe lÕAfrique, WHO de 2000 Core dans y Assessmentmayo le contexte de 2001. desGroup Todas changements on las Pesticideconferencias politiques Residues contaron et institutionnels, was con held un moderador, in Rome, d mographiques, duraron aproximadamenteItaly,conomiques, from 12 to dos 22technologiques Septembermeses y se centraron 2016. et environnementaux. The en FAOla biotecnología Panel Surof Experts la agrícola base dÕunhad en metlos examen países in preparatory de en lÕimpact desarrollo. des Las facteurs cuatro de sessionsprimeras fromchangement conferencias 08 to 11 et September destrataron sc narios de 2016. la probables, idoneidad The Meeting il para donne los was unepaíses held indication en in desarrollo pursuance de ce dequi las ofpourrait biotecnologíasrecommendations arriver dÕici actualmente ˆ 2020, si les in food 2016 madedisponibles bytendances previous en actuellesMeetingslos sectores persistent.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 Theinternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Was Established in 1980
    The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 cation Hazard of Pesticides by and Guidelines to Classi The WHO Recommended Classi The WHO Recommended Classi cation of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classi cation 2019 The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification 2019 TheInternational Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) was established in 1980. The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound management of chemicals. This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC) was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase international coordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organizations are: FAO, ILO, UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO, UNITAR, WHO, World Bank and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human health and the environment. WHO recommended classification of pesticides by hazard and guidelines to classification, 2019 edition ISBN 978-92-4-000566-2 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000567-9 (print version) ISSN 1684-1042 © World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticides & Pollinators
    INFORMATION FOR ACTION Pesticides & Pollinators There are a number of pesticides that when applied—either through seed ChemicalWATCH Stats — Neonicotinoids coating, drenching of the soil, or sprayed—enter the plant, move through CAS Registry Number: the vascular system and are expressed through pollen, nectar, or guttation • 105827-78-9 (imidacloprid) droplets. These “systemic” pesticides • 210880-92-5 (clothianidin) cause indiscriminate poisoning to in- • 153719-23-4 (thiamethoxam) sects, particularly pollinators, that for- • 111988-49-9 (thiacloprid) age through gardens, farms, roadsides, • 165252-70-0 (dinotefuran) parks, or meadows where these pesti- • 135410-20-7 (acetamiprid) cides have been used on the seed, seedling, or plant. • 150824-47-8 (nitenpyram) Chemical Class: Chloro-nicotinyl or nicotinoid Neonicotinoids1 Use: Broad spectrum insecticide in liquid, granular, and dust formulations, Neonicotinoids (neonics) are insecti- and seed coatings used for a wide range of insects, including soil insects, in cides similar to nicotine –that activate agricultural, garden, turf, and residential pest control. neuronal receptors and disrupt many Toxicity Rating: Moderately toxic sensory and cognitive processes in invertebrate organisms. The binding Signal Words: Caution, Warning of neonicotinoids to the receptor is irreversible in arthropods.2,3 Thus, they Health Effects: Linked to reproductive and mutagenic effects and is neurotoxic. are highly toxic to insects and other Environmental Effects: Highly toxic to bees and other beneficial
    [Show full text]
  • Citrus Aurantifolia) Peel Extract
    Proceedings of the 5th NA International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Detroit, Michigan, USA, August 10 - 14, 2020 Identification of Saponins and Flavonoids in Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) Peel Extract Dheasy Herawati, Evy Ratnasari Ekawati, and Siti Nur Husnul yusmiati Faculty of Health Science University of Maarif Hasyim Latif Sidoarjo [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel has an important role in human health. Components contained in lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel can be utilized in medical field. Lime peel is the site of accumulation of flavonoid and saponin compounds. Both compounds are useful for human health. The purpose of this study was to identify saponin and flavonoid compounds in lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel. This study was a descriptive study. Foam test on lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel extract revealed saponin compound, while extract test of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel using UV-Vis spectrophotometer revealed the presence of flavonoid compound with a level of 1.12%. Keywords : Saponin, Flavonoid, Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel extract. 1. Introduction Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) is one type of citrus (Citrus) which contains chemical compounds that are beneficial for health, including citric acid, amino acids (tryptophan, lysine) essential oils (citral, limonene, phellandrene, lemon campher, cadinene, glycosides, calcium, phosphorus, fats, iron, sulphur, vitamin B1 and C. Lime also contains saponin and flavonoid compounds, namely hesperetin (hesperetin 7-rutinoside), tangeretin, naringin, eriocitrin and eriocitrocid (Adindaputri et al., 2013). Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel has an important role to human health. Components contained in lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel can be used to lower cholesterol levels in blood.
    [Show full text]
  • CERTIFIED CROP ADVISOR (CCA) RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE CCA Resistance Management Study Guide
    CERTIFIED CROP ADVISOR (CCA) RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT STUDY GUIDE CCA Resistance Management Study Guide WRITERS Jocelyne Letarte François Tardif ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CropLife Canada would like to thank everyone who provided their time and expertise in the development of this guide. Appreciation is extended to Susan Fitzgerald and the Ontario Certified Crop Advisor Association for their collaboration throughout this process. P 2 Table of Contents PROFICIENCY AREA I COMPETENCY AREA 2 EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE Resistance Management 1. Develop a resistance management plan ........................... 46 COMPETENCY AREA 1 2. Discuss the roles that local situations and needs Development of Resistance play in the development of resistance 1. Discuss the biology of resistance evolution ....................... 4 management plans .................................................................52 2. Discuss how the following affect the development 3. Discuss the effects of resistance BMPs on stewardship and evolution of resistance ...................................................19 and production issues ...........................................................53 COMPETENCY AREA 2 Identifying Resistance PROFICIENCY AREA III PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION 1. Identify the possible reason(s) for pest AND SHARING INFORMATION control failures ........................................................................24 2. Identify the possible reasons for genetic plant and COMPETENCY AREA 1 trait resistance failures ..........................................................24
    [Show full text]
  • The New Crop Industries Handbook—Native Foods
    The New Crop Industries Handbook Native foods Native Foods Book.indb 1 18/02/2008 2:05:26 PM © 2008 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Canberra. All rights reserved. This handbook can be reproduced in whole or in part for studying or training purposes subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source and no commercial usage or sale. ISBN 1 74151 610 2 ISSN 1321 2656 Pub. No. 08/021 Project No. HAS-11A The New Crop Industries Handbook—Native Foods RIRDC shall not be responsible in any manner whatsoever to any person who relies, in whole or in part, on the contents of this handbook unless authorised in writing by the Managing Director of RIRDC. The handbook contains certain references to use of particular pesticides. No representation or warranty, express or implied, is made in relation to whether a particular brand of pesticide is preferable over another or whether a particular chemical product is registered by the National Registration Authority. In submitting these reports the researchers have agreed to RIRDC publishing them in edited form. RIRDC contact details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 2 15 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Tel: 02 6271 4100 Fax: 02 6271 4199 Email: [email protected] Web: www.rirdc.gov.au On-line bookshop: www.rirdc.gov.au/eshop This extract of The New Crop Industries Handbook (RIRDC Pub. No. 04/125) was printed in February 2008 Design, layout and typesetting by the RIRDC Publications Unit Printed by Union Offset Printing, Canberra Native Foods Book.indb 2 18/02/2008 2:05:26 PM Native foods Overview 1 Bush tomato 9 Lemon myrtle 16 Native citrus 21 Native pepper 31 Quandong 36 The Davidson plum 40 iii Native Foods Book.indb 3 18/02/2008 2:05:26 PM Foreword Farmers today, both those in existing businesses and new entrants, live in an environment where they by necessity have to keep an eye on new opportunities.
    [Show full text]
  • Sulfoxaflor Degraded by Aminobacter Sp. CGMCC 1.17253 Through
    pubs.acs.org/JAFC Article Sulfoxaflor Degraded by Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 through Hydration Pathway Mediated by Nitrile Hydratase Wen-Long Yang, Zhi-Ling Dai, Xi Cheng, Ling Guo, Zhi-Xia Fan, Feng Ge,* and Yi-Jun Dai* Cite This: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2020, 68, 4579−4587 Read Online ACCESS Metrics & More Article Recommendations *sı Supporting Information ABSTRACT: Sulfoxaflor, a sulfoximine insecticide, could efficiently control many insect pests of sap-feeding. Microbial degradation of sulfoxaflor and the enzymatic mechanism involved have not been studied to date. A bacterial isolate JW2 that transforms sulfoxaflor to X11719474 was isolated and identified as Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253. Both the recombinant Escherichia coli strain harboring the Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 nitrile hydratase (NHase) gene and the pure NHase acquired sulfoxaflor- degrading ability. Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253 NHase is a typical cobalt-containing NHase content of subunit α, subunit β, and an accessory protein, and the three-dimensional homology model of NHase was built. Substrate specificity tests showed that NHase catalyzed the conversion of acetamiprid, thiacloprid, indolyl-3-acetonitrile, 3-cyanopyridine, and benzonitrile into their corresponding amides, indicating its broad substrate specificity. This is the first report of the pure bacteria degradation of the sulfoxaflor residual in the environment and reveals the enzymatic mechanism mediated by Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253. KEYWORDS: insecticide, biodegradation, Aminobacter sp. CGMCC 1.17253, sulfoxaflor, nitrile hydratase ■ INTRODUCTION 3-yl]ethanol}, X11719474 [N-(methyl(oxido){1-[6- fl fl (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl}-k4-sulfanylidene)urea], Sulfoxa or (SUL, X14422208, [N-[methyloxido[1-[6-(tri uor- fl omethyl)-3-pyridinyl] ethyl]-λ4-sulfanylidene] cyanamide]) is X11519540 {[5-(1-methylsulfonyl)ethyl]-2-(tri uoromethyl)- pyridine}, X11579457 ({5-[1-(S-methylsulfonimidoyl)ethyl]}- a novel sulfoximine insecticide.
    [Show full text]