Manual for Certificate Course on Plant Protection & Pesticide Management
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Toxicity of Pyrethorids Co-Administered with Sesame Oil Against Housefly Musca Domestica L
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY 1560–8530/2007/09–5–782–784 http://www.fspublishers.org Toxicity of Pyrethorids Co-administered with Sesame Oil against Housefly Musca domestica L. SOHAIL AHMED1 AND MUHAMMAD IRFANULLAH Department of Agri-Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad–38040, Pakistan 1Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The susceptibility of a laboratory reared strain of Musca domestica L. to cypermethrin 10 EC, fenpropathrin 20 EC, fenvalerate 20 EC and lambda cyhalothrin 2.5 EC, at different ranges of concentrations (250 to 2500 ppm) of the formulated insecticides in acetone alone and in combination with sesame oil in 1:1 and 1:2 ratio of insecticide: sesame oil was investigated. These concentrations in a volume of 5 mL were added to 25 g of granulated sugar in a petridish. House flies were fed on the insecticide coated sugar for 48 h. Knockdown and mortality data were recorded after 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h and subjected to probit analysis. KD50 values of cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, fenpropathrin and fenvalerate in 1:1 ratio with sesame oil were 4297, 17188, 2324 and 8487 ppm, respectively as compared to 1915, 15034, 2608 and 4005 ppm respectively when these insecticides were applied alone. Similar fashion was seen in context of LC50 values. The pyrethroid + sesame oil combination in two ratios does not show the synergism in M. domestica. Key Words: M. domestica; Pyrethroids; Synergist; Sesame oil INTRODUCTION conventional insecticides as well as against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) (Moore, 2005). Sesamin, a lignan Housefly (Musca domestica L.) causes a serious threat occurring in sesame’s seed oil has been reported as synergist to human and livestock health by transmitting many insecticide, antisseptic, bactericide (Bedigian et al., 1985). -
EPPO Reporting Service
ORGANISATION EUROPEENNE ET MEDITERRANEENNE POUR LA PROTECTION DES PLANTES EUROPEAN AND MEDITERRANEAN PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION EPPO Reporting Service NO. 6 PARIS, 2020-06 General 2020/112 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List 2020/113 New and revised dynamic EPPO datasheets are available in the EPPO Global Database 2020/114 EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance Pests 2020/115 Anoplophora glabripennis found in South Carolina (US) 2020/116 Update on the situation of Popillia japonica in Italy 2020/117 Update of the situation of Tecia solanivora in Spain 2020/118 Dryocosmus kuriphilus found again in the Czech Republic 2020/119 Eradication of Paysandisia archon from Switzerland 2020/120 Eradication of Comstockaspis perniciosa from Poland 2020/121 First report of Globodera rostochiensis in Uganda Diseases 2020/122 First report of tomato brown rugose fruit virus in Poland 2020/123 Update of the situation of tomato brown rugose fruit virus in the United Kingdom 2020/124 Update of the situation of tomato brown rugose fruit virus in the USA 2020/125 Tomato brown rugose fruit virus does not occur in Egypt 2020/126 Eradication of tomato chlorosis virus from the United Kingdom 2020/127 Tomato spotted wilt virus found in Romania 2020/128 First report of High Plains wheat mosaic virus in Ukraine 2020/129 Update on the situation of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii in Slovenia 2020/130 Update on the situation of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii in Italy 2020/131 First report of Peronospora aquilegiicola, the downy mildew of columbines in Germany Invasive plants 2020/132 Lycium ferocissimum in the EPPO region: addition to the EPPO Alert List 2020/133 First report of Amaranthus tuberculatus in Croatia 2020/134 First report of Microstegium vimineum in Canada 2020/135 Disposal methods for invasive alien plants 2020/136 EPPO Alert List species prioritised 21 Bld Richard Lenoir Tel: 33 1 45 20 77 94 Web: www.eppo.int 75011 Paris E-mail: [email protected] GD: gd.eppo.int EPPO Reporting Service 2020 no. -
Pesticide Safety & Pesticide Categories
Pesticide Safety & Pesticide Categories Janet Hurley, & Don Renchie Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service School IPM What is a pesticide • Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. • Any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. • Any nitrogen stabilizer. • A product is likely to be a pesticide if the labeling or advertising: • Makes a claim to prevent, kill, destroy, mitigate, remove, repel or any other similar action against any pest. • Indirectly states or implies an action against a pest. • Draws a comparison to a pesticide. • Pictures a pest on the label. Not considered pesticides Drugs used to control the diseases of humans or animals, which are regulated by the FDA Fertilizers and soil nutrients Certain low-risk substances such as cedar chips, garlic and mint oil are exempted from regulation by EPA (requires license) • 25b classification requires no signal word (mostly food-safe compounds) Pest control devices (i.e., mousetraps) are not pesticides, but subject to labeling requirements There are many kinds of pesticides How insecticides work: Modes of action • Nervous system poisons • Acts on the nerve • Metabolic inhibitors • Affect ability of target to process food • Hormone mimics • Disrupt normal growth & reproduction • Physical poisons • Physically damage insect • Repellents & attractants • All products have been assigned to groups based on their mode of Mode of action: • i.e. pyrethroids are Group 3; Action Neonicotinoids are Group 4A, Spinosad is Group 5, Diamides Classification are Group 28 • Product labels include the number corresponding to the mode of action group. -
Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries
Historical Perspectives on Apple Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Insecticidal Chemistries. Peter Jentsch Extension Associate Department of Entomology Cornell University's Hudson Valley Lab 3357 Rt. 9W; PO box 727 Highland, NY 12528 email: [email protected] Phone 845-691-7151 Mobile: 845-417-7465 http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/faculty/jentsch/ 2 Historical Perspectives on Fruit Production: Fruit Tree Pest Management, Regulation and New Chemistries. by Peter Jentsch I. Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 Synthetic Pesticide Development and Use II. Influences Changing the Pest Management Profile in Apple Production Chemical Residues in Early Insect Management Historical Chemical Regulation Recent Regulation Developments Changing Pest Management Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 The Science Behind The Methodology Pesticide Revisions – Requirements For New Registrations III. Resistance of Insect Pests to Insecticides Resistance Pest Management Strategies IV. Reduced Risk Chemistries: New Modes of Action and the Insecticide Treadmill Fermentation Microbial Products Bt’s, Abamectins, Spinosads Juvenile Hormone Analogs Formamidines, Juvenile Hormone Analogs And Mimics Insect Growth Regulators Azadirachtin, Thiadiazine Neonicotinyls Major Reduced Risk Materials: Carboxamides, Carboxylic Acid Esters, Granulosis Viruses, Diphenyloxazolines, Insecticidal Soaps, Benzoyl Urea Growth Regulators, Tetronic Acids, Oxadiazenes , Particle Films, Phenoxypyrazoles, Pyridazinones, Spinosads, Tetrazines , Organotins, Quinolines. 3 I Historical Use of Pesticides in Apple Production Overview of Apple Production and Pest Management Prior to 1940 The apple has a rather ominous origin. Its inception is framed in the biblical text regarding the genesis of mankind. The backdrop appears to be the turbulent setting of what many scholars believe to be present day Iraq. -
Of Physalis Longifolia in the U.S
The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review1 ,2 3 2 2 KELLY KINDSCHER* ,QUINN LONG ,STEVE CORBETT ,KIRSTEN BOSNAK , 2 4 5 HILLARY LORING ,MARK COHEN , AND BARBARA N. TIMMERMANN 2Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 3Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA 4Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA 5Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] The Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and Related Physalis Species: A Review. The wild tomatillo, Physalis longifolia Nutt., and related species have been important wild-harvested foods and medicinal plants. This paper reviews their traditional use as food and medicine; it also discusses taxonomic difficulties and provides information on recent medicinal chemistry discoveries within this and related species. Subtle morphological differences recognized by taxonomists to distinguish this species from closely related taxa can be confusing to botanists and ethnobotanists, and many of these differences are not considered to be important by indigenous people. Therefore, the food and medicinal uses reported here include information for P. longifolia, as well as uses for several related taxa found north of Mexico. The importance of wild Physalis species as food is reported by many tribes, and its long history of use is evidenced by frequent discovery in archaeological sites. These plants may have been cultivated, or “tended,” by Pueblo farmers and other tribes. The importance of this plant as medicine is made evident through its historical ethnobotanical use, information in recent literature on Physalis species pharmacology, and our Native Medicinal Plant Research Program’s recent discovery of 14 new natural products, some of which have potent anti-cancer activity. -
Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies
INSECTICIDES - DEVELOPMENT OF SAFER AND MORE EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES Edited by Stanislav Trdan Insecticides - Development of Safer and More Effective Technologies http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/3356 Edited by Stanislav Trdan Contributors Mahdi Banaee, Philip Koehler, Alexa Alexander, Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, Juliana Cristina Dos Santos, Ronald Zanetti Bonetti Filho, Denilson Ferrreira De Oliveira, Giovanna Gajo, Dejane Santos Alves, Stuart Reitz, Yulin Gao, Zhongren Lei, Christopher Fettig, Donald Grosman, A. Steven Munson, Nabil El-Wakeil, Nawal Gaafar, Ahmed Ahmed Sallam, Christa Volkmar, Elias Papadopoulos, Mauro Prato, Giuliana Giribaldi, Manuela Polimeni, Žiga Laznik, Stanislav Trdan, Shehata E. M. Shalaby, Gehan Abdou, Andreia Almeida, Francisco Amaral Villela, João Carlos Nunes, Geri Eduardo Meneghello, Adilson Jauer, Moacir Rossi Forim, Bruno Perlatti, Patrícia Luísa Bergo, Maria Fátima Da Silva, João Fernandes, Christian Nansen, Solange Maria De França, Mariana Breda, César Badji, José Vargas Oliveira, Gleberson Guillen Piccinin, Alan Augusto Donel, Alessandro Braccini, Gabriel Loli Bazo, Keila Regina Hossa Regina Hossa, Fernanda Brunetta Godinho Brunetta Godinho, Lilian Gomes De Moraes Dan, Maria Lourdes Aldana Madrid, Maria Isabel Silveira, Fabiola-Gabriela Zuno-Floriano, Guillermo Rodríguez-Olibarría, Patrick Kareru, Zachaeus Kipkorir Rotich, Esther Wamaitha Maina, Taema Imo Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. -
Cutaneous Myiasis Associated with Tick Infestations in a Dog
pISSN 1598-298X / eISSN 2384-0749 J Vet Clin 32(5) : 473-475 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.17555/jvc.2015.10.32.5.473 Cutaneous Myiasis Associated with Tick Infestations in a Dog Jungku Choi, Hanjong Kim, Jiwoong Na, Seong-hyun Kim* and Chul Park1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Chonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea *National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonbuk 565-851, Republic of Korea (Accepted: October 23, 2015) Abstract : A 12-year-old intact male, Alaskan Malamute dog, which lives in the countryside, was presented with inflammation and pain around perineal areas. Thorough examination revealed maggots and punched-out round holes lesion around the perineal region. Complete blood counts (CBC) and serum biochemical examinations showed no remarkable findings except mild anemia and mild thrombocytosis. The diagnosis was easily done, based on clinical signs and maggots identification. Cleaning with chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine lavage and hair clipping away from the lesions were performed soon after presentation. SNAP 4Dx Test (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME, USA) was performed to rule out other vector-borne diseases since the ticks were found on the clipped area and vector-borne pathogens. The test result was negative. The dog in this case was treated with ivermectin (300 mcg/kg SC) one time. Also, treatments with amoxicillin clavulanate (20 mg/kg PO, BID) was established to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Then, myiasis resolved with 2 weeks and the affected area was healed. Key words : Dog, Myiasis, Maggot, Ivermectin, Tick. Introduction Treatment of myiasis should include hair clipping and flushing around the lesions and cleaning with an antibacte- Myiasis is an uncommon parasitic infection of dogs and rial shampoo (10). -
Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects
EN58CH06-Casida ARI 5 December 2012 8:11 Neuroactive Insecticides: Targets, Selectivity, Resistance, and Secondary Effects John E. Casida1,∗ and Kathleen A. Durkin2 1Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, 2Molecular Graphics and Computational Facility, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; email: [email protected], [email protected] Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013. 58:99–117 Keywords The Annual Review of Entomology is online at acetylcholinesterase, calcium channels, GABAA receptor, nicotinic ento.annualreviews.org receptor, secondary targets, sodium channel This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153645 Abstract Copyright c 2013 by Annual Reviews. Neuroactive insecticides are the principal means of protecting crops, people, All rights reserved livestock, and pets from pest insect attack and disease transmission. Cur- ∗ Corresponding author rently, the four major nerve targets are acetylcholinesterase for organophos- phates and methylcarbamates, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for neonicotinoids, the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor/chloride channel for by Public Health Information Access Project on 04/29/14. For personal use only. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2013.58:99-117. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org polychlorocyclohexanes and fiproles, and the voltage-gated sodium channel for pyrethroids and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Species selectivity and acquired resistance are attributable in part to structural differences in binding subsites, receptor subunit interfaces, or transmembrane regions. Additional targets are sites in the sodium channel (indoxacarb and metaflumizone), the glutamate-gated chloride channel (avermectins), the octopamine receptor (amitraz metabolite), and the calcium-activated calcium channel (diamides). Secondary toxic effects in mammals from off-target serine hydrolase inhibi- tion include organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy and disruption of the cannabinoid system. -
The Effectiveness of a Pyriprole \(125 Mg/Ml\) and a Metaflumizone \(150
Article available at http://www.parasite-journal.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2008151093 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A PYRIPROLE (125 MG/ML) AND A METAFLUMIZONE (150 MG/ML) COMBINED WITH AMITRAZ (150 MG/ML) SPOT-ON TREATMENT IN PREVENTING PHLEBOTOMUS PERNICIOSUS FROM FEEDING ON DOGS THOMAS C.*, ROQUES M.* & FRANC M.* Summary: Résumé : PYRIPROLE ET ASSOCIATION MÉTAFLUMIZONE-AMITRAZ : ÉTUDE DE L’ACTIVITÉ ANTI-GORGEMENT VIS-À-VIS DE PHLEBOTOMUS A controlled clinical trial was performed to assess the effectiveness PERNICIOSUS SUR LE CHIEN TRAITÉ PAR CES FORMULATIONS SPOT-ON of a pyriprole (125 mg/ml) and a metaflumizone (150 mg/ml) combined with amitraz (150 mg/ml) spot-on treatment Cet essai avait pour but d’étudier l’efficacité de deux spot-on (recommended dosage) in preventing adult female sandflies destinés au chien – pyriprole (125 mg/ml) et métaflumizone (Phlebotomus perniciosus) from feeding on dogs. Sandfly mortality (150 mg/ml) associée à l’amitraz (150 mg/ml) – sur les was also assessed. Twelve beagle dogs were used in the study. phlébotomes (effet létal et effet antigorgement). 12 chiens ont été Prior to treatment they were checked for their attractiveness to sand- utilisés. Ils ont été répartis en trois lots de quatre en fonction de flies, ranked accordingly to generate partner triplets of equivalent leur attractivité pour les femelles de phlébotomes. Un lot a été sensitivity to sandflies: four control dogs, four treated with the traité avec le spot-on au pyriprole, un lot avec la métaflumizone pyriprole and four with the metaflumizone spot-on. The dogs were associée à de l’amitraz, le dernier lot étant le lot témoin non challenged with 50 unfed adult female sandflies (8-10 days old), traité. -
Arthropod Pest Management in Greenhouses and Interiorscapes E
Arthropod Pest Management in Greenhouses and Interiorscapes E-1011E-1011 OklahomaOklahoma CooperativeCooperative ExtensionExtension ServiceService DivisionDivision ofof AgriculturalAgricultural SciencesSciences andand NaturalNatural ResourcesResources OklahomaOklahoma StateState UniversityUniversity Arthropod Pest Management in Greenhouses and Interiorscapes E-1011 Eric J. Rebek Extension Entomologist/ Ornamentals and Turfgrass Specialist Michael A. Schnelle Extension Ornamentals/ Floriculture Specialist ArthropodArthropod PestPest ManagementManagement inin GreenhousesGreenhouses andand InteriorscapesInteriorscapes Insects and their relatives cause major plant ing a hand lens. damage in commercial greenhouses and interi- Aphids feed on buds, leaves, stems, and roots orscapes. Identification of key pests and an un- by inserting their long, straw-like, piercing-suck- derstanding of appropriate control measures are ing mouthparts (stylets) and withdrawing plant essential to guard against costly crop losses. With sap. Expanding leaves from damaged buds may be tightening regulations on conventional insecti- curled or twisted and attacked leaves often display cides and increasing consumer sensitivity to their chlorotic (yellow-white) speckles where cell con- use in public spaces, growers must seek effective tents have been removed. A secondary problem pest management alternatives to conventional arises from sugary honeydew excreted by aphids. chemical control. Management strategies cen- Leaves may appear shiny and become sticky from tered around -
Notwendigkeit Der Testung Von Biozidprodukten Und Deren Eluaten
Environmental Research of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety Project number: (FKZ) 3713 64 417 Report number: [entered by the UBA library] Necessity of testing biocidal products and their eluates within the regulatory authorization pro- cess aiming for an adequate environmental as- sessment of mixtures – extending the database for wood preservative products by Anja Coors 1, Pia Vollmar 1, Frank Sacher 2 1 ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstraße 2 – 14, 65439 Flörsheim am Main, Ger- many 2 TZW: DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser, Karlsruher Straße 84, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany On behalf of the German Environment Agency Completion date November 2016 Environmental Risk Assessment of Biocidal Products as Mixtures Abstract Biocidal products are formulated preparations that contain one or more active substances and addi- tives added to serve various functions. They thereby represent intentional mixtures of chemical sub- stances that may reach the environment in their initial or in a changed composition. The present pro- ject addressed three aspects in a mixture risk assessment of biocidal products, which is required dur- ing the regulatory authorisation. These aspects range from direct regulatory application (component- based aquatic risk assessment of products) to more science-oriented exploratory work (indication for synergistic interactions and prediction of mixture toxicity in terrestrial organisms). No indication for synergistic interaction was found for the effects of fungicides that inhibit -
Myiasis During Adventure Sports Race
DISPATCHES reexamined 1 day later and was found to be largely healed; Myiasis during the forming scar remained somewhat tender and itchy for 2 months. The maggot was sent to the Finnish Museum of Adventure Natural History, Helsinki, Finland, and identified as a third-stage larva of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), Sports Race the New World screwworm fly. In addition to the New World screwworm fly, an important Old World species, Mikko Seppänen,* Anni Virolainen-Julkunen,*† Chrysoimya bezziana, is also found in tropical Africa and Iiro Kakko,‡ Pekka Vilkamaa,§ and Seppo Meri*† Asia. Travelers who have visited tropical areas may exhibit aggressive forms of obligatory myiases, in which the larvae Conclusions (maggots) invasively feed on living tissue. The risk of a Myiasis is the infestation of live humans and vertebrate traveler’s acquiring a screwworm infestation has been con- animals by fly larvae. These feed on a host’s dead or living sidered negligible, but with the increasing popularity of tissue and body fluids or on ingested food. In accidental or adventure sports and wildlife travel, this risk may need to facultative wound myiasis, the larvae feed on decaying tis- be reassessed. sue and do not generally invade the surrounding healthy tissue (1). Sterile facultative Lucilia larvae have even been used for wound debridement as “maggot therapy.” Myiasis Case Report is often perceived as harmless if no secondary infections In November 2001, a 41-year-old Finnish man, who are contracted. However, the obligatory myiases caused by was participating in an international adventure sports race more invasive species, like screwworms, may be fatal (2).