SOUTHERN AFRICA A Monthly Survey of News and Opinion

Published by the Southern Africa Committee of the University Christian Movement, Room 758, 475 Riverside Drive, N.Y., N.Y. 10027 Vol. II,No. 2 February 1969

CONTENTS: PAGE NO.

1. EDUARDO MO1DLANE 2

a. Editorial: Who Killed Eduardo Mondlane? 2 b. "We Will Conquer" 2 c. FRELIMO in 1969 3 d. The Words of Eduardo Mondlane 5

2. Give Me Your Tired, Your Rich: South African Airways Bids for United States Tourists

3. Banda Binds Malawi

4. Inside South Africa 8 8 a. Limehill 8 b. The Vicious Circle of Separate Development c. New Magazine 10 d. Canada Welcomes South African Coloureds 10

5. The Churches and Southern Africa 10 10 a. South Africa Deports More Clergy 10 b. United Church of Christ (USA) Passes Resolutions

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mo V l -a YA e Dr, E C. U,-a 1 0 C -\ af EDUARDO MONDLANE

EDITORIAL "Who Killed Eduardo Mondlane"

At the moment we do not know who did it. Maybe it was the Portuguese who commissioned it. At least that would not be so dangerous. But if it was the deed of political ri vals, to usurp power by assassination, then the rotten core of a cancer is spreading its poison in one of the most vigorous liberation movements in Southern Africa.

It is quite clear that vicious struggles for power, assassinations and armed clashes between factions of liberation movements must stop. As long as Africans consider it more important to strike down those with whom they disagree (even if their rivals pur sue the same larger goal of ridding Africa of fascism) than fighting this same fascism, they can look forward to decades more of subjugation. Who pursued more diverse aims and embraced more conflicting ideologies than the allies against Nazism. Capitalist America and Britain, Communist Russia,and Feudal China. They did not obliterate their difference or forsake their ideologies, but they did get their priorities straight. Racialist Fascism had to be defeated.

And in the long term Africa will never know democracy as long as political differences are settled by assassination. And those who fight for democracy should realize it. If one cannot unite in a single movement the essential minimum is to fight as allies in the first task of ridding the continent of fascism. Truly it is fight together or fail.

Who killed Eduardo Mondlane? Let us hope the diagnosis is not cancer.

WE WILL CONQUER

To the list of black martyrs for free movements, and he repeatedly pointed out dom we must now add the name of Eduardo the fallacy of our tacit support of Portu Mondlane, President of the Frente de Li gal, South Africa, and Rhodesia. For ex bertaga'o de Mogambique, FREIMO, assassi ample, in an interview published in the rated Monday, February 3, 1969 in Dar-es November, 1967 Africa Report: Salaam. Dr. Mondlane will be mourned by members "Every time I go to the United States, of many other liberation movements besides I'm asked again and again whether his own. He was widely respected as one FRELIMO is "pro-East" or "pro-West," of Africa's greatest leaders. But Mond "pro-communist" or "pro-capitalist." lane's tragedy has a special meaning in My answer as President of FRELIMO is the United States. He had studied here that FRELIMO is pro-Mozambique, and and lived here for many years; he liked our people see the West helping Americans and had faith in our good will. through NATO to train the Portuguese It was he who, more than any other leader Army, even special training in guer from Southern Africa, made the struggle rilla warfare; ....when they see the for liberation real to many of the Ameri Western countries vote with Portugal cans he met. Mondlane wasn't naive about in the UN, establish military bases the U.S.; but long after leaders of most in Portugal as West Germany is doing, other African liberation movements had and allow millions of dollars of given up the U.S. and most of Western Eu private capital to be invested in rope as a lost cause, he kept trying to Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea, they show us the political realities of Southern can scarcely remain unaffected. Africa. Mondlane made clear the integrity and determination of the African liberation "If the West has decided, for reasons of expediency, that it cannot part FRULflM IN 1969 company with fascist Portugal, and to leave the Africans of southern Eduardo Chivambo Mondlane is dead. Africa to fend for themselves, re FRELII4O has lost its founder and leader, member it's not our choice. It's and the struggle for self-identity and yours. We will accept that. But freedom of blacks in Mozambique has suf don't be surprised later if we are fered a depressing setback. Dr. Mondlane, not very friendly to you. at 48, was killed on February 3 by a time bomb in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. The "Let me make it clear that we do not killer has not yet been found. (New York believe that a change of attitude by Times, Feb. 4) The passing of this wise the West in itself is going to help and charismatic figure from the forefront us win our struggle. We do think, of African aspiration is yet another foot however, that it may determine the note in our history of self-immolation: we length of time it may take for us to continue to strike down our noblest broth win. This is something the United ers. States should consider very carefully." Dr. Mondlane was more than a guerrilla fighter. Coming from a traditional family Most African Nationalists believe that of unassimilated Africans, he attended a the U.S. has made her choice: to continue mission school in South Africa, studied to arm Portugal through NATO and to support in Lisbon, and continued his graduate edu all the racist regimes of Southern Africa cation in the United States, receiving his in their suppression and exploitation of Ph.D. from Northwestern University in socio black Africans. It is still not too late logy. After post-graduate work at Harvard, for theU.S. to change its policy. teaching at Syracuse University, and five Time alone will tell the impact of his years of service to the Trusteeship Council death on FRELIMO itself. It is in the tra of the UN, Mondlane returned to Africa to dition of African politics that many of the become President of FRELIMO. His American Party's policies stem directly from the lea wife, Janet, became Director of the Mozam der, and that rebellious voices are silenced bique Institute, the educational arm of in the making of consensus decision. FRE FRELIMO in Dar-es-Salaam. LIMO has not been without its rebellious Such a background has assured the voices. Yet it has remained unified for breadth of concern which has characterized over six years. Under Mondlane's leader FRELIMO's short history. Like most libera ship it has been waging a persistent guer tion fronts in Southern Africa, FRELIMO has rilla war in Mozambique since September, concentrated on military objectives. At 1964. It has worked to develop economic present the organization has gained control and political structures in the liberated of more than a fifth of Mozambique terri areas of Mozambique and has established tory, notably in the northern provinces of impressive health and educational services Cabo Delgado and Niassa. The struggle con for Mozambicans in Tanzania as well as in tinues in the Tete and Zambezi regions, Mozambique. FRELIMO is bereft with the both rich in natural resources and the loss of its President, but it still has vicinity of the projected Cabora Bassa many experienced and mature leaders. hydroelectric dam. But equally important has been the Like Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, for the future of Mozambique Eduardo Mondlane predicted his death at innovations and leadership of FRELIMO in the hand of an assassin. "I may be killed the areas of agriculture (the establishment any day," he said last summer, "but there of cooperative farming), industry (the : will be victory." The cause for which Mond spread of small-scale plants for the manu lane gave his life will not collapse in his facture of locally-needed goods), education •absence; it may be strengthened by his mar (organizing and staffing of primary schools; tyrdom. When the Mozambican leaders cry, preparation of new texts and teaching aids "INDEPENDENCIA OU MORTE!" - Independence or for the literacy campaign), and health (the medical Death, the people reply OVENCEREMOSI" - We founding of clinics, the training of Will Conquer !" personnel, and the dissemination of health education and preventive vaccinations). closing of the Suez Canal and Soviet Dr. Mondlane was undoubtedly the coordi naval build-up in the Atlantic and Indian nator of these diverse programs. Whether Oceans. As always, the African liberation the intelligent balance of priorities movements were identified with Communist will continue in his absence remains to global strategies. Portugal was depicted be seen. (See articles in the June and as defending, single-handedly, the inte November 1968 and the January 1969 issues rests of the "Free West" in her suppression of this newsletter for more details about of Red "terrorism" and the maintenance of FRELIMO and the Portuguese territories.) key shipping ports. Nogueira's speech was But the continued strength of FRELIMO particularly aimed at the new Nixon admi is crucial for Portuguese Africa, espe nistration (New York Times, Dec. 29, 1968). cially in light of the following develop It is clear that Caetano's regime is bar ments: gaining for direct American military assist (1) Portugal's position in Southern ance in return for the use of air bases in Africa grows increasingly tenuous. With the Azores and possibly on the mainland. over 40% of her national budget tied up These developments serve to underscore in "'extra-ordinary defense" spending for the importance of FRELINO's work in Mozam 1969 (New York Times, Dec. 29, 1968), and bique. Militarily, its victories are an over 125,000 troops in the field, Europe's obvious drain on Portuguese resources. The most impover ed country is seriously integrity of FRELIMO's ideology is a striking endangering its already sick economy. antidote to the red-scare propaganda of the (2) The Portuguese masses are rest Portuguese and other white supremacists in less. A hundred and fifty outspoken Roman Southern Africa. Dr. Mondlane, as a cele Catholics celebrated the New Year with a brated nationalist, succeeded in neutraliz 5-hour peace vigil in a major Lisbon ing, if not reversing, the ideological biases church. "Most of the speakers denounced of many whites in Africa and abroad. Such the violence in Portuguese Africa, ques an influence will be profoundly missed. tioning its causes, blaming the authorities for having hidden the true conditions in SCHOOL CONDITIONS SHOCK VISITOR the territories, and questioning how to bring about a peaceful solution." (New Miss Barbara Klont, a 24-year-old York Times, Jan. 2, 1969) Such dissent at U.S. primary school teacher who has home will probably increase as liberal fac been visiting South Africa for a tions become more frustrated and more bold. month, said on leaving that she was (3) Meanwhile, military efforts in the shocked by ccnditions in African territories are beginning to flounder. In schools. "As a teacher I have had Angola, the Popular Front (NPLA) claims the opportunity to visit several control of nearly 2/3 of the territory African schools, and I was shocked through constant guerrilla activity. Ac and horrified by what I saw. I cording to one Zambian observer who has have seen 80 children crammed into travelled extensively in liberated areas, a small classroom, three pupils to "the MPLA guerrillas have a fighting mo a desk. The principal of one rale which no amount of expert propaganda school told me he had turned away or modern arms could wreck" (Standard, Dec. 900 children this term because 13, 1968). Popular support is at its there was no space for them." height, and despite the continuing donation Miss Klont said that it had been of arms (chiefly helicopters) by South Af a "terribly upsetting experience" rica, the Portuguese alone are unequal to to see the way some whites treated the subtleties of jungle warfare. Agricans. She said thpt she had (4) Portugal, consequently, has recent planned to stay longer in South Af ly escalated its quest for allied support rica, but "could not tolerate" the of its colonial policies. In his December racial attitudes. press conference, Foreign Minister Nogueira emphasized the importance of Portuguese Sechaba, January 1969 hegemony in Africa by pointing to the THE WORDS OF EDUARDO MONDLANE Athlete Says No to Apartheid Games 1....there is a growing unity of purpose among the Mozambicans themselves. Once Britain's Olympic 15OO metres runner, they were willing to rely on the African John Boulter, will boycott the South States, the UN and others. Now they have African Games. He is one of six learnt to help themselves. This is a Britons invited to the games in Bloem great step forward. We are on our way to fontein in April. The games were victory." (Observer, 1/29/67) inaugurated by South African Prime Mnister, Mr. Vorster, because of the "The aim of our movement is not simply to Olympic Committee ban on the Republic. wage a revolutionary struggle, but to Boulter said: "I will not accept if I convert FRELIKO into an institution which am invited. I have strong personal will progressively take over the govern ews on apartheid and would not run ment as we liberate new parts. We are at a meeting where this distinction concerned with building up a unified s made. By accepting, I feel I political system as well as creating a ould be condoning apartheid." fighting army..." (Ibid.) (Rand Daily Mail, Jan. 4, 1969)

"Although these social services [healh, education, etc. established by FRELIM9 are still grossly inadequate, they are GIVE ME YOUR TIRED, YOUR RICH: better than anything that was provided in SOUTH AFRICAN AIRWAYS BIDS FOR UNITED the past; and every year they are improv STATES TOURISTS ing. The manner in which changes are taking place is having a deep effect on On February 23, 1969 direct flight the outlook of the people. At the be service by South African Airways from ginning of the war many of them had their Johannesburg to New York via Rio de villages destroyed in Portuguese reprisals, Janeiro will be inaugurated. South Af but later they were able to resettle under rica expects this new link to improve her the protection of FRELIMO troops. They no tourist profits considerably. According longer have to face forced labour, and for to the Standard Bank Review in 1967 South the first time they are asked to partici Africa received 275,583 tourists, which pate in administration. Local administra was .2% of the world's tourist trade. tion is organized on modern democratic However, those 275,583 tourists enriched principles, - a new experience for all. the Republic by R10 million ($140 il. ), The result of this is that more and more making tourism one of the country's lead people are throwing their support behind ing export industries. 13,140 of those FRELIhO, and more and more becoming part tourists were from the United States, of FRELIMO, as they see the Portuguese which is not a very large percentage of not just as an oppressive force but as the 3,425,000 Americans who were inter an enemy which can and is being fought." national tourists in 1967. (Socialist International Informant, 1968) During the next few years South Africa can be expected to spend millions of Rands "Ensure that your democratically elected propagating herself as "your place in the representatives to Government adhere to sun." Already South Africa is a tourist's their own party's policies, and to those bargain in terms of cheap prices for food, of the United Nations. We all have a lodging and services. However, the Re task to fulfil in the never-ending battle public has three strikes against it as a against racialism, and wherever it may be, tourist paradise: it is a considerable we must play our parts." (From Mozam distance from the other affluent, tourist bique: A Country at War published by the producing countries of the world; people Committee for Freedom in Mozambique in of all races are not equally welcome; London.) and the tourist nast leave his conscience at home if he is to enjoy his vacation. Tourism is already strengthening the The new air service may make South Af South African economy and thus, its rica closer for all of us and thus over present government and the apartheid come much of the first problem. But the system it enforces. A preliminary re next two problems will stand until South port on 1968 indicated that the 36.3% Africa is a "place in the sun for every rate of increase in tourists for the one. " five-year period 1962-67 was being main tained, and it was expected that for the Background first time the number of tourists would The whole tourist campaign is a pub be more than 300,000. Tourists from the lic relations job for the South African United States numbered 12,850, a 23.5% way of life - for racist apartheid - and increase over a comparable period in 1967. not just for the airline. South Africa South Africa's strong position in the wants white tourists. Her many advertised world economy is due in part to her leader attractions are for whites only. She ship in gold production. But the gold is wants visitors who see only the pleasing, running out and the supply may not last white side of South African life and who mre than 30 years. By that time, South will help create a favorable public opin Africa expects that the foreign exchange ion on their return. South African Air secured from the growing tourist busi ways is administered under the Ministry ness will make up for the loss of the of Transport as a subdivision of the gold income. South Africa is new, almost South African government. untapped territory for the world-wide Since May 23, 1947, the Governments market in tourism, and has great attrac of the United States and of South Africa tions from archeology and wild beasts to have had an air transport agreement under fully modern cities, beaches and resorts. which Pan American Airways has serviced The Johannesburg Star points out that South Africa via European and Afri South Africa will become more accessible points. SAA received its permit by reci to the tourist in the "era of the jumbo procity protocol under that agreement. jet". SAA is prepared and has already Other airlines operate between New York ordered three Boeing 747 Jumbo Jets for and South Africa, but none by so direct delivery in 1971. It is easily possible a route. that the tourist trade might bring in The whole procedure was routine. SAA's ten times what it does today, the antici ability to perform and to conform with pated goal. One straw in the wind is the relevant regulations was not in question, announcement by Holiday Inns of America, and the certification was considered "in Inc. that its first 12 inns in Southern the public interest". The general public, Africa will be completed within the next however, knew nothing whatsoever about it five years. until the decision was announced in the press. The Tourist's South Africa South Africa also expects considerable South Africa's Bid for Tourism political gains to result from the in SAA expects to carry 5,000 passengers crease in tourism. Her prestige rises and 17,000 pounds of cargo in its first as the result of the new SAA flight sche year, with an estimated revenue of five dule - "be the first to fly the last million dollars. That would appear to be ocean," SAA advertisements say. They sufficient reason for its application for make a frankly snob appeal: 139 distin the route. But the government has broad guished Americans are invited (to buy er concerns in the development of tourism seats on the Feb. 24 flight). "You, as as a major industry whose value will be a trend setter". . . 'a mirror of your not only economic but political, in help hometown country club" and so on. Plans ing to break the world-wide isolation are also underway to make sure that in which apartheid has brought to South Af fluential citizens, i.e. in media and rica. government, accept invitations to visit South Africa via the new flight. (2) Write John H. Crooker, Jr., Chairman South Africa hopes that because tour of the Civil Aeronautics Board, 1825 ists see only the friendly side of South Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. Africa, they will become friendly propa asking that public hearings be reheld on gandists for her on their return home. the right of SAA to fly into Kennedy The difference between the tourist's International Airport. South Africa and the real South Africa begins with the advertisements and tourist (3) Write The Honorable Warren G. Magnu brochures aimed at attracting potential son (D.-Wash.), Chairman, Senate Committee visitors. 'We'd like the pleasure of your on Commerce; and The Honorable James B. company," a January 19 ad says. It should Pearson (R.-Kansas) of the Commerce Com have added: "if you are white." mittee's Subcommittee on Aviation; and The The summary history of South Africa on Honorable Samuel N. Friedel (D.-Md.), Chair page 2 of South Africa Digest sets the man of House Committee on Interstate and tone. All its landmark dates are of white Foreign Commerce's Subcommittee on Trans colonization, wite wars, white events, up portation and Aeronautics; and The Honorable to 1963 when "self-government" for the William L. Springer (R.-Ill.) of the same Transkei "Bantu" homeland appears. In the Subcommittee; The Honorable J. W. Ful descriptive material, non-whites appear bright (D.-Ark.), Chairman of the Senate only as "colorful natives" or perhaps Committee on Foreign Relations; The Honorable dancing mine workers. In the photo Thomas E. Morgan (D.-?a.), Chairman of the graphs, only wh te families are pictured House Committee on Foreign Affairs; The on beaches or in parks, in night clubs or Honorable Charles Diggs (D.-Mich.), Chair on golf courses. (Non-whites occasionally man of the Sub-Committee on Africa of the turn up as workers or salespeople.) Na House. Ask that there be a Congressional turally, because although the text does investigation of the permit allowing SAA not say so, only whites are allowed. Iro to fly into the United States because of nically, some ads feature the "uncrowded" the racist character of South Africa. condition of beaches and other playgrounds, leaving the potential visitor without sus (4) The SAA advertisements are a misleading picion that 80% of the people are not per cover-up for racism, and publications that mitted there. The wonderful vacation of carry them should hear from readers who ob the SAA ads is a racist vacation, and part ject. Protests should also be made to of SAA's function is to sell racism to the Executive Offices, Holiday Inns, Inc., American people. Memphis, Tennessee. And since South Africa is a police state, tourist s will not see or hear the other side when they get there. Tourist material does point out that cars may travel on main roads through "Bantu" Af rican areas but may not leave them without a permit. The visitor will not see the SITHOLE SENTENCED TO SIX YEARS transit camps or relocation areas hidden in the barren country far away from main A Rhodesian court has sentenced Afri centers, where non-whites exiled from can nationalist leader Mr. Ndabaningi their urban homes by apartheid are suffer Sithole to six years in prison for ing. Nor will he meet the opposition - it allegedly plotting to assassinate Ian is banned, imprisoned, exiled. Smith and two of his Cabinet ministers. The verdict and sentence are being What Can Be Done? appealed. (New York Times, Feb.12,1968)

(1) Write President Richard M. Nixon ask ing that "in the public interest" the per titt allowing South African Airways to fly into the United States be rescinded because of the apartheid system of South Africa of which SAA is a part. BANDA BIMS MALAWI INSIDE SOUTH AFRICA

The New Year began with Malawi es Limehill tablishing a full diplomatic mission Conditions in the Limehill-Vergelegen in South Africa. In doing so, Dr. Uitval complex have not improved (see our Hastings Banda, the head of Malawi, January issue, p. 12). Archbishop Hurley has contradicted the views and policies has made a detailed report on the area, of most of the leaders of Africa includ challenging the report of the Minister of ing Dr. Kenneth Kaunda Zambia and Health. Dr. Carel de Wet said that only President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania. 19 people had died between September and Dr. Banda holds that the Republic of December. Nineteen deaths among a popu South Africa's views will not be changed lation of 6,000 "was considered normal for by force, and thus a policy of peaceful a community of this nature". Hurley re co-existence is the only way for "wise ports that at least 45 people died between men". He is attempting to build a new October 1 and December 10 (Johannesburg capital for Malawi in Lilongwe and ex Star, Dec. 28). There is little hope of pects to accomplish this task with gene conUitions improving. The people survive rous South African financial aid. on the money that is sent to them by mi Mr. B. J. Vorster, Prime Minister of grant workers as it is impossible to get South Africa, claims that the new rela work in the area and it is impossible to tionship of his country with Malawi is grow food in the area (Johannesburg Star, an act on South Africa's part to prevent Jan. 11). Communism in Southern Africa (Die Trans "The trouble is that Limehill is not valer, April 11, 1968). Vorster has been an isolated case of maladministration. It criticized by some members of the Nat is part of a comprehensive programme of re ionalist Party because of his willingness moval, with the pattern repeated in many to have full diplomatic relations with parts of the country. And there is no sign black African countries. that the removals are handled any better elsewhere. Recent reports of conditions at Stinkwater and Klipgat in the Transvaal in dicate the same haphazard arrangements, the same indifference to the hardships of those uprooted..." The real horror of Limehill PHILATELISTS TAKE NOTE and places like it is that the suffering and death could have been avoided, "but no The Post Office in \ one in authority cared sufficiently to take South Africa has made EERSTEViiU / FIST FUG~ir the steps so plainly necessary" (Johannes arrangements for a XA/T0 burg, Rand Daily Mail, Dec. 28). cs~p l aini JANEIRO & special mail ...... n- \ NEW YORK ing first flight covers FES The Vicious Circle of Separate Development to be sent on South Some Nationalist Party leaders and in African Airways inaugural tellectuals are concerned about the slow flight between Johannesburg, Rio de implementation of separate development. Janeiro and New York on February 23. Die Transvaler, official organ of the Party This service for stamp collectors in the Transvaal, writes that only "radical will be completed in New York when changes in circumstances" can save Western the envelopes are date-stamped and civilization and culture in South Africa. returned to South Africa. The Post The reality of projected population statis Office in South Africa will be using tics causes real fear. It is estimated that a special date-stamp for the occa by the year 2000, South Africa will have 20 sion and they have also designed million Africans and 7 million whites. Thus, commemorative envelopes for the according to the Transvaler, it is absolutely flight. (Johannesburg Star) essential that separate development be implemented with great speed (Johannes burg Star, Dec. 28). American Friends Service Committee, Problems and contradictions imme New York office,_withdraws account diately arise. For one thing, far too from Chase Manhattan: many white South Africans do not want After long and careful study, the separate development implemented if it decision was made to withdraw from will mean a change in their present way Chase and the following letter was of life. And this is as true of Afri sent to David Rockefeller, President 4 kaners as it is of English-speaking South of the bank: '..0we feel that the Africans. Pretoria, whose white popula situation in South Africa is such a tion is 70% Afrikaner, has 50,000 Afri grievous one that it requires an un cans working as servants in white homes. ambiguous response from all who are (Population of Pretoria: 207,202 Euro committed to the dignity and inte peans and 215,388 non-Europeans) Ra grity of the human personality. At luctance by whites to lose servants has present, business must be conducted been the most widely reported opposition in South Africa in a context esta to the Government's policy. blished by a repressive government Opposition to apartheid also comes which dictates the conditions of la from farmers and industrialists who are bor, wage standards, apprenticeship concerned about the withdrawal of Afri and training, pension and unemploy can labor (London, Daily Telegraph, Dec. ment provisions, all of which erect 9, 1968). Industrialists are not at almost insuperable barriers against tracted by the border industry scheme tha the economic development of non would locate plants on the edge of the whites. A good end does not justify Bantustans, close to the labor supply. evil means and we cannot regard the The contradictions and complications conduct of business in such a conte multiply. Separate development is the as a souid pragmatic or ethical basi official blueprint, the necessary solu for a program of liberalization." tion to a corplex problem. But the pre (Quaker Service, N.Y. Metropolitan sent realities undercut it at many levels. regional edition, Winter, 1968-69) For example, there is no such thing as economic separation: 68.1% of the econo mically active manpower in South Africa The failure of the Bantustans to pro is African. It is in the "white" urban vide opportunities for educated Africans areas that work is available for Africans, has been used by members of the Nation that opportunities for advancement are alist Party as an argument to slow down found. At present urban Africans are Bantu Education. Ar. G. F. van L. Frone better skilled and better educated than man, MP, said: "If-compulsory educatinn their rural counterparts. (59% of urban for Bantu children were introduced, the Africans are literate while only 23% of number of Bantu pupils produced would be rural Africans can read and write. ) out of all proportion to the numbers This is a direct contradiction of that the Bantu economy could absorb." apartheid. The government maintains (JohannesburE Star, Jan. 18, 1969) that full life and opportunity for Afri Separate development must be implemented cans are to be had in the Bantustans; edu to "save Western civilization and culture cated Africans are tohave unlimited oppor in South Africa." But that means develop tunities in their tribal homelands. How ment of the homelands. Such development ever, these homelands are not developed would necessitate far greater outlays of and in fact fail to provide a future for capital and crash educational programs so educated men. At best, the homelands that Africans would have the skills to run are agricultural centers. But due to their lands. However, neither of these terrible erosion and completely inadequate imperatives is desirable to white South funding, the reserves are in no way econo Africa. Nor is withdrawal of skilled mically viable. Africans from urban areas to rural areas. That would mean the loss of workers and THE CHURCHES AND SOUTHERN AFRICA servants. It would also mean terrible suffering for the Africans involved be South Africa Deports More Clergy cause the homelands cannot support them. Almost each week brings news of an Separate development becomes the other member of the clergy being de vicious circle of South Africa. The ported from South Africa. 1968 saw the only realistic solutions are untenable passage of a bill requiring all foreign to those in power. The result is a con church workers to have their residence tinuation of life in an unreal world where permits renewed every six months. These men attempt to hide the problems they re restrictions are worse than on the ordi fuse to solve, where the powerless bear nary immigrant to South Africa. Evidently the burden of such irresponsibility and the South African government has begun to inhumanity. consider clergy as rabble-rousers, and the freedom of the pulpit as a threat. New Magazine The Catholic Archbishop of Cape Town, Reality, edited by Alan Paton, former Cardinal Owen McCann, recently issued a leader of the disbanded Liberal Party, will statement against the South African be on sale next month. The editorial poli government's refusal to renew the resi cy will follow the position of the former dence permit of the Netherlands-born party, which was critical of the govern priest, Rev. Robert van der Hart. Van ment, believing in extending the franchise der Hart was requested to leave South Af to include all adults, without any lite rica by January 31, with no specific rea racy, income, race,or other qualification. sons given for his removal. Cardinal (Johannesburg Star, Jan. 18, 1969) McCann was quoted as follows: "Repre sentatives have been made to the authori Canada Welcomes South African Coloureds ties asking that the clergy and other For a number of years Canada has been church workers should be treated on the prepared to accept non-white South African same basis as other immigrants, but to citizens as immigrants. Within the last date no change in the present policy has three years the government has clamped been made. The uncertain situation of down severely on any political dissidence those who have come to South Africa to in the Coloured intellectual community of work for the good of the people remains. South Africa. These intellectuals were The least that should be done is that the mostly teachers, and a small group of pro reasons for non-renewal should be spe fessional men. Reprisals as a result of cifically given, and the priest or church protests against urban removals and ideo worker concerned be granted the opportu logical regimentation in education led to nity of defending himself." (Daily Dis an expanding brain drain of Coloured in patch, East London, Dec. 24, 196d) tellectuals. The flow reached alarming proportions and as a result the South Af United Church of Christ (USA) Passes rican government, who needs these people Resolutions to implement its policy of a racially se At a meeting of the Council of Chris parate coloured community, took measures tian Social Action of the United Church to halt the exodus. Coloured emigrants of Christ in Milwaulkee recently, reso are required to place heavy deposits with lutions were passed relating to the colo the Department of Interior (few emigrating nies of Portugal in Africa (Angola, Mo whites are ever asked for such a deposit). zambique and Guinea-Bissau). That Council, The reasoning behind this is said to be referring to U.N. denouncements of Portu that this will cover repatriation costs gal's wars in Africa, and to American com should it be necessary. Early in 1968, a plicity in those wars through NATO, "calls Canadian immigration mission was refused upon the United States Government to im visas to enter South Africa in order to plement an arms embargo upon the government recruit Coloured immigrants. Many Colour of Portugal and to terminate its use of eds have been refused passports, which Portuguese bases." Further, it announced means that the only way to leave is on an that it "supports the legitimate claims of exit permit - a one-way visa which makes t1e liberation movements in Angola, Mozam return possible only under the penalty of bique and Guinea-Bissau.' (Resolution dated imprisonment. February 2, 1969, Milwaulkee.) -12- I) A Ot STOT \70 N

There will be a public protest at the International Arrivals Building

at John F. Kennedy International Airport on the evening of the arrival

of the first South African Airways flight. Buses will be leaving from

New York City at 8:00 pm on February 23 (Sunday). For more information

contact Janet MacLaughlin, American Conmaittee on Africa, 164 Madison

Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10016 . Telephone: 212/LE 23700

PLEASE CONE' HELP MAKE THIS A "RECEPTION TO REMEMBER"

Southern Africa Committee University Christian Movement Room 758 475 Riverside Drive New York, M Y. 10027 ------February, 1969