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The Counter-Aesthetics of Republican Prison Writing
Notes Chapter One Introduction: Taoibh Amuigh agus Faoi Ghlas: The Counter-aesthetics of Republican Prison Writing 1. Gerry Adams, “The Fire,” Cage Eleven (Dingle: Brandon, 1990) 37. 2. Ibid., 46. 3. Pat Magee, Gangsters or Guerillas? (Belfast: Beyond the Pale, 2001) v. 4. David Pierce, ed., Introduction, Irish Writing in the Twentieth Century: A Reader (Cork: Cork University Press, 2000) xl. 5. Ibid. 6. Shiela Roberts, “South African Prison Literature,” Ariel 16.2 (Apr. 1985): 61. 7. Michel Foucault, “Power and Strategies,” Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977, ed. Colin Gordon (New York: Pantheon, 1980) 141–2. 8. In “The Eye of Power,” for instance, Foucault argues, “The tendency of Bentham’s thought [in designing prisons such as the famed Panopticon] is archaic in the importance it gives to the gaze.” In Power/ Knowledge 160. 9. Breyten Breytenbach, The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1983) 147. 10. Ioan Davies, Writers in Prison (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1990) 4. 11. Ibid. 12. William Wordsworth, “Preface to Lyrical Ballads,” The Norton Anthology of English Literature vol. 2A, 7th edition, ed. M. H. Abrams et al. (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000) 250. 13. Gerry Adams, “Inside Story,” Republican News 16 Aug. 1975: 6. 14. Gerry Adams, “Cage Eleven,” Cage Eleven (Dingle: Brandon, 1990) 20. 15. Wordsworth, “Preface” 249. 16. Ibid., 250. 17. Ibid. 18. Terry Eagleton, The Ideology of the Aesthetic (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1990) 27. 19. W. B. Yeats, Essays and Introductions (New York: Macmillan, 1961) 521–2. 20. Bobby Sands, One Day in My Life (Dublin and Cork: Mercier, 1983) 98. -
Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990
From ‘as British as Finchley’ to ‘no selfish strategic interest’: Thatcher, Northern Ireland and Anglo-Irish Relations, 1979-1990 Fiona Diane McKelvey, BA (Hons), MRes Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences of Ulster University A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Ulster University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2018 I confirm that the word count of this thesis is less than 100,000 words excluding the title page, contents, acknowledgements, summary or abstract, abbreviations, footnotes, diagrams, maps, illustrations, tables, appendices, and references or bibliography Contents Acknowledgements i Abstract ii Abbreviations iii List of Tables v Introduction An Unrequited Love Affair? Unionism and Conservatism, 1885-1979 1 Research Questions, Contribution to Knowledge, Research Methods, Methodology and Structure of Thesis 1 Playing the Orange Card: Westminster and the Home Rule Crises, 1885-1921 10 The Realm of ‘old unhappy far-off things and battles long ago’: Ulster Unionists at Westminster after 1921 18 ‘For God's sake bring me a large Scotch. What a bloody awful country’: 1950-1974 22 Thatcher on the Road to Number Ten, 1975-1979 26 Conclusion 28 Chapter 1 Jack Lynch, Charles J. Haughey and Margaret Thatcher, 1979-1981 31 'Rise and Follow Charlie': Haughey's Journey from the Backbenches to the Taoiseach's Office 34 The Atkins Talks 40 Haughey’s Search for the ‘glittering prize’ 45 The Haughey-Thatcher Meetings 49 Conclusion 65 Chapter 2 Crisis in Ireland: The Hunger Strikes, 1980-1981 -
Module 2 Questions & Answers
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS LESSON 1 // CIVIL RIGHTS IN NORTHERN IRELAND 1. Which group were formed on 29th January 1967? Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA). 2. Which group formed as a result of an incident on 5th October 1968? People’s Democracy. 3. a) Which act established the Northern Ireland Housing Executive and when was it passed? ry The Housing Executive Act, 25th February 1971. ra Lib ills (c) RTÉ St 3. b) Which act appointed a Boundaries Commissioner and what was their job? The Local Government Boundaries Act. The job of the Boundaries Commissioner was to recommend the boundaries and names of new district councils and ward areas. 4. Why may some members of the Catholic community have been outraged by the incident which resulted in a protest at Caledon on 20th June 1968? Student’s answers should highlight the allocation of a house to a young, single Protestant female ahead of older Catholic families. EXTENSION ACTIVITY 1 The Cameron Report was set up in January 1969 to look into civil disturbances in Northern Ireland. Looking at the key events, which events may have lead to the establishment of the report? Student’s answers should make mention of disturbances which followed the events of the 5th October 1968 and 1st January 1969. EXTENSION ACTIVITY 2 Below is a table which lists the demands of NICRA. Read through the list of reforms/acts and write down the name of the reform/act which addressed each demand. NICRA DEMANDS REFORM / ACT One man, one vote Electoral Law Act An end to gerrymandering – an end to the setting of -
A Comparative Study of Extremism Within Nationalist Movements
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXTREMISM WITHIN NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND SPAIN by Ashton Croft Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Departmental Honors in the Department of History Texas Christian University Fort Worth, Texas 22 April 2019 Croft 1 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXTREMISM WITHIN NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND SPAIN Project Approved: Supervising Professor: William Meier, Ph.D. Department of History Jodi Campbell, Ph.D. Department of History Eric Cox, Ph.D. Department of Political Science Croft 2 ABSTRACT Nationalism in nations without statehood is common throughout history, although what nationalism leads to differs. In the cases of the United Kingdom and Spain, these effects ranged in various forms from extremism to cultural movements. In this paper, I will examine the effects of extremists within the nationalism movement and their overall effects on societies and the imagined communities within the respective states. I will also compare the actions of extremist factions, such as the Irish Republican Army (IRA), the Basque Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA), and the Scottish National Liberation Army (SNLA), and examine what strategies worked for the various nationalist movements at what points, as well as how the movements connected their motives and actions to historical memory. Many of the groups appealed to a wider “imagined community” based on constructing a shared history of nationhood. For example, violence was most effective when it directly targeted oppressors, but it did not work when civilians were harmed. Additionally, organizations that tied rhetoric and acts back to actual histories of oppression or of autonomy tended to garner more widespread support than others. -
Opening Statement
OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE-PERSONAL RGL-20712 OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE-PERSONAL RGL-20713 OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE-PERSONAL RGL-20714 OFFICIAL-SENSITIVE-PERSONAL LSN-254 INQUIRY INTO HISTORICAL INSTITUTIONAL ABUSE 1922 – TO – 1995 MODULE 7 TRAINING SCHOOLS AND YOUTH JUSTICE INSTITUTIONS STATEMENT BY ALAN SHANNON CB GENERAL 1. I was a Northern Ireland civil servant from 1971-2013 and I worked in the Northern Ireland Office (NIO) from 1986-1999. I retired from the civil service on May 2013 at which time I held the post of Permanent Secretary to the Department of Employment and Learning. 2. From 1990-1992 I was head of a Division entitled “Compensation, Probation and Juveniles Division”. The Division was responsible for the Criminal Injuries and Criminal Damage Compensation Schemes, probation policy, the appointment, funding and direction of the Probation Board, and juvenile justice, including the training schools. 3. The Training Schools Branch (TSB) within my Division was headed by a Grade 7. It exercised a general oversight of the training schools - Rathgael and Whiteabbey, St Patrick’s, St Joseph’s, Middletown, Whitefield and Lisnevin, including budgetary control, the application of rules and guidance, and the promotion of good governance. 4. A separate Division, “Criminal Justice Division” was responsible for criminal justice policy and legislation, including the law on juveniles. 5. For most of the period both these Divisions answered directly to the Deputy Secretary, then John Ledlie. I was asked to carry out a review of the structure. My key recommendation was that a new post should be created at “Under- secretary” level to provide more drive and coordination of criminal justice policy and better oversight and support to the various agencies. -
Download 27 March Agenda
ARDS AND NORTH DOWN BOROUGH COUNCIL 20 March 2019 Dear Sir/Madam You are hereby invited to attend a meeting of the Ards and North Down Borough Council which will be held in the Council Chamber, Town Hall, The Castle, Bangor on Wednesday, 27 March 2019 commencing at 7.00pm. Yours faithfully Stephen Reid Chief Executive Ards and North Down Borough Council A G E N D A 1. Prayer 2. Apologies 3. Declarations of Interest 4. Mayor’s Business 5. Mayor and Deputy Mayor Engagements for the Month (To be tabled) 6. Minutes of Meeting of Council dated 27 February 2019 (Copy attached) 7. Minutes of Committees (Copies attached) 7.1. Planning Committee dated 5 March 2019 7.2. Environment Committee dated 6 March 2019 7.3. Regeneration and Development Committee dated 7 March 2019 ***ITEM 7.3.1 IN CONFIDENCE*** 7.3.1 Belfast Region City Deal – Updated Heads of Terms (Report to follow) 7.4. Corporate Services Committee dated 12 March 2019 7.4.1. Veterans’ Day 2019 and Proposal to Mark 75th Anniversary of the D-Day Landings (Report attached) 7.5. Community and Wellbeing Committee dated 13 February 2019 8. Request for Deputation 8.1 Congress – Irish Congress of Trade Unions Northern Ireland Committee (Correspondence attached) 9. Resolution 9.1 Newry, Mourne and Down District Council – Geographical Disposal Facility by Radioactive Waste Management (Correspondence attached) 10. Courses/Invitations etc. 10.1 The Regimental Association UDR – The Ulster Defence Regiment Day Event on Sunday 7th April, Palace Barracks, Holywood. 11. Consultation Documents 11.1 Consultation Response on Allergen Labelling (Report attached) 12. -
When Art Becomes Political: an Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011
Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History & Classics Undergraduate Theses History & Classics 12-15-2018 When Art Becomes Political: An Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011 Maura Wester Providence College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the European History Commons Wester, Maura, "When Art Becomes Political: An Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011" (2018). History & Classics Undergraduate Theses. 6. https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_undergrad_theses/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History & Classics at DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in History & Classics Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Art Becomes Political: An Analysis of Irish Republican Murals 1981 to 2011 by Maura Wester HIS 490 History Honors Thesis Department of History and Classics Providence College Fall 2018 For my Mom and Dad, who encouraged a love of history and showed me what it means to be Irish-American. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………… 1 Outbreak of The Troubles, First Murals CHAPTER ONE …………………………………………………………………….. 11 1981-1989: The Hunger Strike, Republican Growth and Resilience CHAPTER TWO ……………………………………………………………………. 24 1990-1998: Peace Process and Good Friday Agreement CHAPTER THREE ………………………………………………………………… 38 The 2000s/2010s: Murals Post-Peace Agreement CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………… 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………… 63 iv 1 INTRODUCTION For nearly thirty years in the late twentieth century, sectarian violence between Irish Catholics and Ulster Protestants plagued Northern Ireland. Referred to as “the Troubles,” the violence officially lasted from 1969, when British troops were deployed to the region, until 1998, when the peace agreement, the Good Friday Agreement, was signed. -
Conflict Theory and Northern Ireland's Troubles
The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Theses Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Fall 12-16-2011 The aP th to Peace: Conflict Theory and Northern Ireland’s Troubles (1968-1998) Ruairi Wiepking [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/thes Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, Political History Commons, Political Theory Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Wiepking, Ruairi, "The aP th to Peace: Conflict Theory and Northern Ireland’s Troubles (1968-1998)" (2011). Master's Theses. 13. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Path to Peace: Conflict Theory and Northern Ireland’s Troubles (1968-1998) In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS in INTERNATIONAL STUDIES by Ruairi Wiepking December 2012 UNIVERSITY OF SAN FRANCISCO Under the guidance and approval of the committee, and approval by all the members, this thesis has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree. Approved: ________________________________ _____________ Advisor Date ________________________________ _____________ Academic Director Date ________________________________ _____________ Dean of Arts and Sciences Date 1 Table of Contents Page i. Acknowledgements 2 ii. Abstract 3 1. -
The IRA's Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons CUREJ - College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal College of Arts and Sciences 4-2012 The IRA's Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland Meghan M. Hussey University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Hussey, Meghan M., "The IRA's Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland" 01 April 2012. CUREJ: College Undergraduate Research Electronic Journal, University of Pennsylvania, https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/154. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/154 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The IRA's Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland Keywords IRA, Northern Ireland, prisons, game theory, hunger strike, political science, ethnic conflict, Ireland, Great Britain, political bargaining, Social Sciences, Political Science, Brendan O'Leary, O'Leary, Brendan Disciplines Political Science This article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/curej/154 The IRA’s Hunger Game: Game Theory, Political Bargaining and the Management of the 1980-1981 Hunger Strikes in Northern Ireland By, Meghan M. Hussey Advised by: Dr. Brendan O’Leary A Senior Honors Thesis in Political Science The University of Pennsylvania 2012 Acknowledgements I would like to make several acknowledgements of those without which this thesis would not have been possible. First and foremost I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. -
~Omfident'al © PRONI CENT/1/12119 • • I.R
E.R. COVERING CONFIDENTrA~ ., PAB/156S/RE psis of S (L&B) PS/Lord Gowrie (L&B) ps/pus (L&B), / PS/Sir E Bely Mr Merifield Mr Brennan Mr Bourn Mr Angel Miss Davies Mr Abbott Mr Boys Smi Mr Edis Mr Templeton GENERAL ELECTION: ELECTORAL PROSPECTS 1. I attach the last of our series of reviews of the prospects of the major parties. 2. The prospects of the smaller parties - the Workers Party etc - will be covered in our weekly round-up of the campaign. ~ fJ. Politica~l Affairs Division 19 May 1983 COVERING ~omFIDENT'Al © PRONI CENT/1/12119 • • I.R. THE GENERAL ELECTION: ELECTORAL PROSPECTS OF THE UNIONIST PARTIES Introduction 1. At recent elections in Northern I~eland, unionist candidates have won about 60 per cent of the total vote. The squeezing out of the smaller unionist parties such as UPNI and UUUP means that at the coming election nearly all this vote will be shared between Mr Molyneaux's Offic ial \ Unionist Party (UUP) and Mr Paisley's Ulster Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). The number of seats which each of the main unionist parties win, will depend upon the way the unionist vote splits between them and whether they can reach any agreement about the fielding of candidates in the six "nationalist" constit uencies . Relative strengths 2 . Since the last general election the DUP has grown in strengt h and has been challenging the position of the UUP as the major unionist party. At the Eur opean elections in 1979, for example, Mr Paisley won the suppor t of more thrul half of the unionist electorate and two years later, at the Dis trict Co uncil elections of 1981, his party did slight ly bett er, in terms of votes, t han the lIU P. -
Imeachtaí • Events
I m e a c h t a í • E v e n t s My grandfather once said that the imprisonment of the lark is a crime of the greatest cruelty because the lark is one of the greatest symbols of freedom and happiness. He often spoke of the spirit of the lark relating to a story of a man who incarcerated one of his loved friends in a small cage. The lark, having suffered the loss of her liberty, no longer sung her little heart out, she no longer had anything to be happy about.The man who had committed the atrocity, as my grandfather called it, demanded that the lark should do as he wished:that was to sing her heart out,to comply to his ‘wishes and change herself to suit his pleasure or benefit. The lark refused, and the man became angry and violent. He began to pressurise the lark to sing, but inevitably he received no result. so, he took more drastic steps. He covered the cage with a black cloth, depriving the bird of sunlight.He starved it and left it to rot in a dirty cage,but the bird still refused to yield.The man murdered it. As my grandfather rightly stated, the lark had spirit - the spirit of freedom and resistance. It longed to be free, and died before it would conform to the tyrant who tried to change it with torture and imprisonment. I feel I have something in common with that bird and her torture, imprisonment and final murder. -
Nationalists (IRA, PIRA, Sinn Fein)
⬜ POPULATION ⬜ GOVERNMENT ◼ 1.9 million (density 339/sq.mi) ◼ Member of the UK ▫ Michigan=9.9 million (England, Wales, (density=174/sq.mi) ▫ Roughly 30% of the island Scotland, and NI) of Ireland’s population ◼ A devolved government ◼ Capital = Belfast within a constitutional ◼ Ethnic Composition ▫ 99.1% White (with 91.0% monarchy (Elizabeth II) Northern Ireland born) ◼ Legislature ⬜ ECONOMY ▫ After several decades of ▫ Northern Ireland deindustrialization, Assembly located in economy is making a strong recovery resulting from the Belfast “peace dividend” of recent ▫ Since Good Friday years Agreement (1998) it has been largely self-governing in most internal matters. ⬜ Internationally, NI is probably best known as the site of a violent ethnic, sectarian, nationalist, and political conflict – the Troubles – between the ◼ Nationalists (IRA, PIRA, Sinn Fein) who see themselves as Irish and are predominantly Roman Catholic, and the ◼ Unionists (UDA), who consider themselves British and are predominantly Protestant ▫ (additionally, there are also people from both sides who consider themselves as Northern Irish) ◼ Simply put, the unionists want NI to remain as part of the UK (“loyalists”), while the nationalists want NI to reunify with the Republic of Ireland, independent of British rule (“republicans”) ◼ Since 1998, nearly all of the paramilitary groups involved in the Troubles (e.g. IRA and UDA) have ceased their armed campaigns. •The Plantation of Ulster refers to the organized colonization of Ulster – a province in northern Ireland– by Protestants from Scotland and England. •Private plantation by wealthy landowners began in 1606, while official plantation controlled by the Parliament of Scotland began in The counties of Ulster (modern 1609.