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A Study on the Phytoplankton of Hasan UĞURLU Dam Lake (Samsun-Turkey)

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A Study on the Phytoplankton of Hasan UĞURLU Dam Lake (Samsun-Turkey) Tr. J. of Biology 22 (1998) 447-461 © TÜBİTAK A Study on the Phytoplankton of Hasan UĞURLU Dam Lake (Samsun-Turkey) Arif GÖNÜLOL Ondokuz Mayıs University, Science and Arts Faculty, Department Biology Kurupelit, Samsun-TURKEY Olcay OBALI Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department Biology Beşevler, Ankara-TURKEY Received: 27.09.1996 Abstract: The composition and seasonal variations of phytoplankton of Hasan UĞURLU Dam Lake were studied using samples collected from two stations between July 1992 to December 1993. 57 taxa were identified belonging to the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta divisions of phytoplankton. In the phytoplankton, Asterionella formosa, Cyclotella planc- tonica, Pediastrum simplex and Ceratium hirundinella caused water blooms in certain months. The light density and temperature affected the composition and seasonal variations in phytoplankton considerably. Nutrient levels in the lake did not limit the seasonal variations in phytoplankton. It was determined that Lake Hasan Uğurlu had mesotrophic characteristics because of the morpho- metric structure, physical and chemical properties of the water and a phytoplankton type which caused water blooming by various taxa during certain months Key Words: Phytoplankton Hasan Uğurlu Baraj Gölü (Samsun-Türkiye) Fitoplanktonu Üzerinde Bir Araştırma Özet: Hasan Uğurlu Baraj Gölü fitoplankton topluluğu ve mevsimsel değişimi iki istasyondan alınan örneklerde, Temmuz 1992 - Aralık 1993 tarihleri arasında araştırılmıştır. Fitoplanktonda Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta ve Euglenophyta’ya ait 57 takson tesbit edilmiştir. Fitoplanktonda Asterionella formosa, Cyclotella planctonica, Pediastrum simplex ve Ceratium hirundinella belirli aylarda aşırı çoğalmalar yapmıştır. Fitoplankton topluluğunda ve mevsimsel değişiminde ışık ve sıcaklık etkili olmuş, göldeki besin tuzları miktarı ise sınırlayıcı olmamıştır. Hasan Uğurlu Baraj Gölü; morfometrik yapısı, suyun fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ve farklı takson- ların belirli aylarda aşırı çoğalmalar yaptığı bir fitoplankton tipi içermesi nedeni ile mezotrof karakter taşımaktadır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Fitoplankton, Mevsimsel Değişim, Baraj Gölü, Türkiye. 447 A Study on the Phytoplankton of Hasan UĞURLU Dam Lake (Samsun-Turkey) Introduction There have been several studies on the phytoplankton of the dam lakes of Turkey in recent years (1-5). Although the northern part of Turkey contains many lakes, dams, rivers, streams and ponds, few studies have been carried out on the algae of this region (6-10). Therefore there is inadequete information on freshwater algal flora in Turkey. The main purpose of this study is to determine the algal flora ad the seasonal variations Lake Hasan Uğurlu and to contributed to the body of knowledge on algal flora in Turkey. Materials and Methods Lake Hasan Uğurlu is located in the northeastern part of Turkey on the river Yeşilırmak long: 36o 40’ E, lat: 41o 10’ N). The total surface area of the lake is 20 km2. The maximum depth, 35m, is at the dam. In addition to the river Yeşilırmak, the river Kelkit and the stream Akkuş flow into this lake. To study phytoplankton in the lake, two sampling stations, were chosen from the locations to which transport is possible. The first station was located next to the dam and the second in the southwest of the research area (Fig. 1). the samples were collected monthly from these sta- tions with a 2-litre-capacity Hydro-bios water sampler from a depth of 2 metres between July 1992 and December 1993. For the identifications and counting chambers. The algae were iden- tified and counted using an inverted microscope according to the method of Lund (11). In the counting process, every colony and threadlike organism was considered to be an individual unit. The remaining part of the water sample was filtered using Whatman GF/A glass fibre filter paper with a pore size of 55 µm and the residue on the filter paper was used to identify all of the algae except Bacillariophyta. Bacillariophyta members were identified on permanent slides which had been prepared according to the method of Round (12). At the time of sampling, the water temperature was measured using a mercury thermome- ter. Other physical and chemical analyses were performed at the Local-Central Food Laboratory according to the standard methods (13). The taxonomic identifications of algae were made by Husted (14), Fremy (15), Cleve-Euler (16), Huber-Pestalozzi (17-23), Prescott (24) and the algae were classified according to the sys- tem of Round (25). Results Environmental Conditions Some physical and chemical properties of the surface water of the lake are presented in Table 1. The Composition of Phytoplankton The phytoplankton of Lake Hasan Uğurlu consisted of 57 taxa belonging to five divisions: Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta. 448 A. GÖNÜLOL, O. OBALI ak r rm iver Yeşilı elkit river elkit N Erbaa K Scale 1/100.000 m a e r t s ş u k k A Station II Station I Hasan Uğurlu Dam 28o 32o 36o 40o 44o Samsun 40o Ayvacık TURKEY T.E.K. ground 36o Figure 1. A Map of Lake Hasan Uğurlu. Sampling Station The list of recorded species is presented in Table 2. The frequency ratios of some algae in the phytoplankton are presented in Table 3. Seasonal Variatoins in Phytoplankton The seasonal varitations in phytoplankton in Lake Hasan Uğurlu were investigated by divid- ing them into 4 seasonal groups. Summer: July 1992 - August 1992: P. simplex was found to be dominant and C. hirundinella was the subdominant species at the stations in these months. In July, 57% of the total 6392 cells ml-1 449 A Study on the Phytoplankton of Hasan UĞURLU Dam Lake (Samsun-Turkey) Table 1. Some physical and chemical and chemical properties of the surface water of the lake at Station I. Dates of Sampling Analyses 1992 1993 July Aug Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. July Aug. o Temperature ( C) 16 24 20 21 15 10 5 5 6 11 13 21 22 23 Turbidity (NTU) - - - - 3 3 - - 5 10 46 10 8 5 Total Suspended 200 180 180 200 240 230 210 200 200 150 140 160 180 200 -1 Material (mgL ) Dissolved Oxygen 8.0 7.0 7.0 6.2 6.2 7.6 10.0 9.6 8.0 9.2 9.0 7.2 8.0 6.6 -1 (mgL ) pH 8.4 9.3 9.0 8.8 7.6 8.0 7.7 7.5 7.3 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.5 7.1 Conductivity 360 400 400 411 433 434 314 300 250 362 387 332 318 345 (mMOH) -1 Phosphate (mgL ) 0.10 0.05 0.20 0.24 0.17 0.30 - - 0.33 0.23 0.12 0.21 0.21 0.20 -1 Sulphate (mgL ) - - - - - 15.4 - - - 28.0 35.0 34.1 29.8 18.5 -1 Nitrate (mgL ) 6.0 7.5 7.5 7.5 3.1 17.2 - - 5.7 2.9 3.5 13.8 5.8 7.0 -1 Nitrite (mgL ) - 0.50 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.12 - - 0.44 0.04 0.10 0.02 0.09 0.04 -1 Calcium (mgL ) - - - - - 43.2 - - 42.4 33.6 33.2 31.5 44.5 46.5 -1 Magnesium (mgL ) - - - - - 26.5 - - 15.8 22.1 24.2 20.7 23.6 18.0 -1 Iron (mgL ) - - - 1.13 1.37 0.42 - - - 0.43 0.76 0.08 0.14 0.10 -1 Copper (mgL ) - - 0.03 0.05 0.05 - - - 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.02 - -1 Zinc (mgL ) - - - 0.01 0.01 0.01 - - - 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 - BACIMMARIOPHYTA Table 2. The list of taxa determined in Centrales: phytoplankton of Lake Hasan Cyclotella planctonica Brunnthaler Uğurlu Melosira granulata (Ehr.) Ralfs M. granulata var. angunustissima O.F. Müller Pennales: Amphora ovalis Kütz. Asterionella formosa Hassal A. gracillima (Hantz.) Hel.erg Cymbella cymbiformis (Agardh) Kütz. Hantsschia amphioxys (Ehr.) Grun. Navicula cryptocephala Kütz. N. radiosa Kütz. Surirella robusta Ehr. Synedra acus Kütz. S. ulna (Nitzsch.) Ehr. S. ulna var. biceps Kütz. CHLOROPHYTA Chlorococcales: Botryococcus braunii Kütz. Coelastrum microporum Naegeli Crucigenia quadrata Morren C. tetrapedia (Kirch.) W. and G.S. West 450 A. GÖNÜLOL, O. OBALI Crucigeniella rectangularis (Naeg.) Kom. Table 2 Continue Dictyospharium pulchellum Wood Korschikoviella michailovskoensis (Elenkin) Silva OOcystis gigas Archer. O. solitaria Wittrock O. solitaria var. major Willa Pediastrum boryanum (Turpin) Kütz. P. duplex Meyen P. simplex Meyen P. simplex var. biwanse Fukush Scenedesmus ecornis (Ralfs) Chod. S. dimorphus (Turpin) Kütz. S. disciformis (Chod.) Fott S. quadricauda (Turpin) Breb. and Godey Schroderia setigera Lemm. S. setigera var. anatolica Cirik-Altındağ Tetraedron minimum (A. Braun) Hansging Desmidiales: Closterium acutum Breb. C. acutum var. variable (Lemm.) W. Krieg. C. limneticum Lemm. C. lunula (O: F: Müller) Nitzsch. ex Ralfs Cosmarium bioculatum (Breb.) ex Ralfs C. formosulum Hoff. Staurastum gracile Ralfs Tetrasporales: Sphaerocystis schroeteri Chod. Volvocales: Chlamydomonas globasa Snow. Eudorina elegans (Fort.) ehr. E. unicocca G.M. Smith Pandorina morum Bory CYANOPHYTA Chroococcales: Aphanocapsa rivularis (Carm.) Rabh. Gomphosphaeria aponina Kütz. G. lacustris Chod. Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. Hormogonales: Anabaena affinis Lemm. A. spiroides Klebahn DINOPHYTA Peridiniales: Ceratium hirundinella (O.F. Müller) Schrank Peridinim bipes Stein P. cinctum (O.F. Müller) Ehr. EUGLENOPHYTA Euglenales: Euglena rustica (Korsch.) Prings. 451 A Study on the Phytoplankton of Hasan UĞURLU Dam Lake (Samsun-Turkey) Table 3. The frequncy ratio of some algae composing phytoplankton at stations (The percentage of samples in which organisms were found to the total number of samples). 80-100% Constantly present, 60-80% Largely pres- ent, 40-60% Genarally present, 20-40% Sometimes present, 1-20% Seldom present. Sampling Stations Sta. I Sta. II Sampling Number Organisms 18 18 Centrales: 88 80 Cyclotella planctonica 39 40 Melosira granulata Pennales: Asterionella formosa 56 56 BACILLARIO- PHYTA Hantzschia amphioxys 17 22 Synedra acus 28 36 Chlorococcales: Crucigenia quadrata 17 10 Oocystis solitaria 33 22 Pediastrum simplex 88 80 Scenedesmus ecornis 28 12 Tetraedron minimum 17 10 Desmidiales: Closterium acutum 28 26 Cosmarium bioculatum 39 28 CHLOROPHYTA Staurastrum gracile 56 46 Tetrasporales: Sphaerocystis schroeteri 72 72 Volvocales: Chlamydomonas globosa 22 20 Eudorina elegans 17 7 Pandorina morum 44 39 Chroococcales: Gomphosphaeria aponina 22 10 CYANO- PHYTA Microcystis aeruginosa 44 44 Peridiniales: Ceratium hirundinella 95 90 Peridinum bipes 61 65 DINO- PHYTA were P.
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