Evaluation of Green Microalgae Biodiversity in the Alpine Ecosystem Adeline Stewart
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Variation in Snow Algae Blooms in the Coast Range of British Columbia
ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 15 April 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00569 Variation in Snow Algae Blooms in the Coast Range of British Columbia Casey B. Engstrom, Kurt M. Yakimovich and Lynne M. Quarmby* Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada Snow algae blooms cover vast areas of summer snowfields worldwide, reducing albedo and increasing snow melt. Despite their global prevalence, little is known about the algae species that comprise these blooms. We used 18S and rbcL metabarcoding and light microscopy to characterize algae species composition in 31 snow algae blooms in the Coast Range of British Columbia, Canada. This study is the first to thoroughly document regional variation between blooms. We found all blooms were dominated by the genera Sanguina, Chloromonas, and Chlainomonas. There was considerable variation between blooms, most notably species assemblages above treeline were distinct from forested sites. In contrast to previous studies, the snow algae genus Chlainomonas was abundant and widespread in snow algae blooms. We found few taxa using traditional 18S metabarcoding, but the high taxonomic resolution of rbcL revealed Edited by: substantial diversity, including OTUs that likely represent unnamed species of snow algae. David Anthony Pearce, These three cross-referenced datasets (rbcL, 18S, and microscopy) reveal that alpine Northumbria University, United Kingdom snow algae blooms are more diverse than previously thought, with different species of Reviewed by: algae dominating different elevations. Stefanie Lutz, Keywords: snow, algae, microbiome, amplicon, rbcL, 18S, alpine, metabarcoding Agroscope, Switzerland Hanzhi Lin, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), 1. INTRODUCTION United States *Correspondence: Each summer, vast areas of snow surface are colored red by snow algae blooms in polar and Lynne M. -
Flagellar, Cellular and Organismal Polarity in Volvox Carteri
SUNY Geneseo KnightScholar Biology Faculty/Staff Works Department of Biology 1993 Flagellar, cellular and organismal polarity in Volvox carteri Harold J. Hoops SUNY Geneseo Follow this and additional works at: https://knightscholar.geneseo.edu/biology Recommended Citation Hoops H.J. (1993) Flagellar, cellular and organismal polarity in Volvox carteri. Journal of Cell Science 104: 105-117. doi: This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at KnightScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology Faculty/Staff Works by an authorized administrator of KnightScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Cell Science 104, 105-117 (1993) 105 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1993 Flagellar, cellular and organismal polarity in Volvox carteri Harold J. Hoops Department of Biology, 1 Circle Drive, SUNY-Genesco, Genesco, NY 14454, USA SUMMARY It has previously been shown that the flagellar appara- reorientation of flagellar apparatus components. This tus of the mature Volvox carteri somatic cell lacks the reorientation also results in the movement of the eye- 180˚ rotational symmetry typical of most unicellular spot from a position nearer one of the flagellar bases to green algae. This asymmetry has been postulated to be a position approximately equidistant between them. By the result of rotation of each half of the flagellar appa- analogy to Chlamydomonas, the anti side of the V. car - ratus. Here it is shown that V. carteri axonemes contain teri somatic cell faces the spheroid anterior, the syn side polarity markers that are similar to those found in faces the spheroid posterior. -
RED ALGAE · RHODOPHYTA Rhodophyta Are Cosmopolitan, Found from the Artic to the Tropics
RED ALGAE · RHODOPHYTA Rhodophyta are cosmopolitan, found from the artic to the tropics. Although they grow in both marine and fresh water, 98% of the 6,500 species of red algae are marine. Most of these species occur in the tropics and sub-tropics, though the greatest number of species is temperate. Along the California coast, the species of red algae far outnumber the species of green and brown algae. In temperate regions such as California, red algae are common in the intertidal zone. In the tropics, however, they are mostly subtidal, growing as epiphytes on seagrasses, within the crevices of rock and coral reefs, or occasionally on dead coral or sand. In some tropical waters, red algae can be found as deep as 200 meters. Because of their unique accessory pigments (phycobiliproteins), the red algae are able to harvest the blue light that reaches deeper waters. Red algae are important economically in many parts of the world. For example, in Japan, the cultivation of Pyropia is a multibillion-dollar industry, used for nori and other algal products. Rhodophyta also provide valuable “gums” or colloidal agents for industrial and food applications. Two extremely important phycocolloids are agar (and the derivative agarose) and carrageenan. The Rhodophyta are the only algae which have “pit plugs” between cells in multicellular thalli. Though their true function is debated, pit plugs are thought to provide stability to the thallus. Also, the red algae are unique in that they have no flagellated stages, which enhance reproduction in other algae. Instead, red algae has a complex life cycle, with three distinct stages. -
The Hawaiian Freshwater Algae Biodiversity Survey
Sherwood et al. BMC Ecology 2014, 14:28 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6785/14/28 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The Hawaiian freshwater algae biodiversity survey (2009–2014): systematic and biogeographic trends with an emphasis on the macroalgae Alison R Sherwood1*, Amy L Carlile1,2, Jessica M Neumann1, J Patrick Kociolek3, Jeffrey R Johansen4, Rex L Lowe5, Kimberly Y Conklin1 and Gernot G Presting6 Abstract Background: A remarkable range of environmental conditions is present in the Hawaiian Islands due to their gradients of elevation, rainfall and island age. Despite being well known as a location for the study of evolutionary processes and island biogeography, little is known about the composition of the non-marine algal flora of the archipelago, its degree of endemism, or affinities with other floras. We conducted a biodiversity survey of the non-marine macroalgae of the six largest main Hawaiian Islands using molecular and microscopic assessment techniques. We aimed to evaluate whether endemism or cosmopolitanism better explain freshwater algal distribution patterns, and provide a baseline data set for monitoring future biodiversity changes in the Hawaiian Islands. Results: 1,786 aquatic and terrestrial habitats and 1,407 distinct collections of non-marine macroalgae were collected from the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai and Hawaii from the years 2009–2014. Targeted habitats included streams, wet walls, high elevation bogs, taro fields, ditches and flumes, lakes/reservoirs, cave walls and terrestrial areas. Sites that lacked freshwater macroalgae were typically terrestrial or wet wall habitats that were sampled for diatoms and other microalgae. Approximately 50% of the identifications were of green algae, with lesser proportions of diatoms, red algae, cyanobacteria, xanthophytes and euglenoids. -
Red Algae (Bangia Atropurpurea) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
Red Algae (Bangia atropurpurea) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, February 2014 Revised, March 2016, September 2017, October 2017 Web Version, 6/25/2018 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From NOAA and USGS (2016): “Bangia atropurpurea has a widespread amphi-Atlantic range, which includes the Atlantic coast of North America […]” Status in the United States From Mills et al. (1991): “This filamentous red alga native to the Atlantic Coast was observed in Lake Erie in 1964 (Lin and Blum 1977). After this sighting, records for Lake Ontario (Damann 1979), Lake Michigan (Weik 1977), Lake Simcoe (Jackson 1985) and Lake Huron (Sheath 1987) were reported. It has become a major species of the littoral flora of these lakes, generally occupying the littoral zone with Cladophora and Ulothrix (Blum 1982). Earliest records of this algae in the basin, however, go back to the 1940s when Smith and Moyle (1944) found the alga in Lake Superior tributaries. Matthews (1932) found the alga in Quaker Run in the Allegheny drainage basin. Smith and 1 Moyle’s records must have not resulted in spreading populations since the alga was not known in Lake Superior as of 1987. Kishler and Taft (1970) were the most recent workers to refer to the records of Smith and Moyle (1944) and Matthews (1932).” From NOAA and USGS (2016): “Established where recorded except in Lake Superior. The distribution in Lake Simcoe is limited (Jackson 1985).” From Kipp et al. (2017): “Bangia atropurpurea was first recorded from Lake Erie in 1964. During the 1960s–1980s, it was recorded from Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, and Lake Simcoe (part of the Lake Ontario drainage). -
Xylans of Red and Green Algae: What Is Known About Their Structures and How They Are Synthesised?
polymers Review Xylans of Red and Green Algae: What Is Known about Their Structures and How They Are Synthesised? Yves S.Y. Hsieh 1,* and Philip J. Harris 2,* 1 Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 2 School of Biological Science, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand * Correspondence: [email protected] (Y.S.Y.H.); [email protected] (P.J.H.); Tel.: +46-8-790-9937 (Y.S.Y.H.); +64-9-923-8366 (P.J.H.) Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 17 February 2019; Published: 18 February 2019 Abstract: Xylans with a variety of structures have been characterised in green algae, including chlorophytes (Chlorophyta) and charophytes (in the Streptophyta), and red algae (Rhodophyta). Substituted 1,4-β-D-xylans, similar to those in land plants (embryophytes), occur in the cell wall matrix of advanced orders of charophyte green algae. Small proportions of 1,4-β-D-xylans have also been found in the cell walls of some chlorophyte green algae and red algae but have not been well characterised. 1,3-β-D-Xylans occur as triple helices in microfibrils in the cell walls of chlorophyte algae in the order Bryopsidales and of red algae in the order Bangiales. 1,3;1,4-β-D-Xylans occur in the cell wall matrix of red algae in the orders Palmariales and Nemaliales. In the angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana, the gene IRX10 encodes a xylan 1,4-β-D-xylosyltranferase (xylan synthase), and, when heterologously expressed, this protein catalysed the production of the backbone of 1,4-β-D-xylans. -
Phylogenetic Placement of Botryococcus Braunii (Trebouxiophyceae) and Botryococcus Sudeticus Isolate Utex 2629 (Chlorophyceae)1
J. Phycol. 40, 412–423 (2004) r 2004 Phycological Society of America DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.03173.x PHYLOGENETIC PLACEMENT OF BOTRYOCOCCUS BRAUNII (TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE) AND BOTRYOCOCCUS SUDETICUS ISOLATE UTEX 2629 (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1 Hoda H. Senousy, Gordon W. Beakes, and Ethan Hack2 School of Biology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK The phylogenetic placement of four isolates of a potential source of renewable energy in the form of Botryococcus braunii Ku¨tzing and of Botryococcus hydrocarbon fuels (Metzger et al. 1991, Metzger and sudeticus Lemmermann isolate UTEX 2629 was Largeau 1999, Banerjee et al. 2002). The best known investigated using sequences of the nuclear small species is Botryococcus braunii Ku¨tzing. This organism subunit (18S) rRNA gene. The B. braunii isolates has a worldwide distribution in fresh and brackish represent the A (two isolates), B, and L chemical water and is occasionally found in salt water. Although races. One isolate of B. braunii (CCAP 807/1; A race) it grows relatively slowly, it sometimes forms massive has a group I intron at Escherichia coli position 1046 blooms (Metzger et al. 1991, Tyson 1995). Botryococcus and isolate UTEX 2629 has group I introns at E. coli braunii strains differ in the hydrocarbons that they positions 516 and 1512. The rRNA sequences were accumulate, and they have been classified into three aligned with 53 previously reported rRNA se- chemical races, called A, B, and L. Strains in the A race quences from members of the Chlorophyta, includ- accumulate alkadienes; strains in the B race accumulate ing one reported for B. -
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016
Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan 2011-2016 April 1981 Revised, May 1982 2nd revision, April 1983 3rd revision, December 1999 4th revision, May 2011 Prepared for U.S. Department of Commerce Ohio Department of Natural Resources National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Division of Wildlife Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 2045 Morse Road, Bldg. G Estuarine Reserves Division Columbus, Ohio 1305 East West Highway 43229-6693 Silver Spring, MD 20910 This management plan has been developed in accordance with NOAA regulations, including all provisions for public involvement. It is consistent with the congressional intent of Section 315 of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, and the provisions of the Ohio Coastal Management Program. OWC NERR Management Plan, 2011 - 2016 Acknowledgements This management plan was prepared by the staff and Advisory Council of the Old Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve (OWC NERR), in collaboration with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. Participants in the planning process included: Manager, Frank Lopez; Research Coordinator, Dr. David Klarer; Coastal Training Program Coordinator, Heather Elmer; Education Coordinator, Ann Keefe; Education Specialist Phoebe Van Zoest; and Office Assistant, Gloria Pasterak. Other Reserve staff including Dick Boyer and Marje Bernhardt contributed their expertise to numerous planning meetings. The Reserve is grateful for the input and recommendations provided by members of the Old Woman Creek NERR Advisory Council. The Reserve is appreciative of the review, guidance, and council of Division of Wildlife Executive Administrator Dave Scott and the mapping expertise of Keith Lott and the late Steve Barry. -
Evolution and Comparative Morphology of the Euglenophyte
EVOLUTION AND COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE EUGLENOPHYTE PLASTID by PATRICK JERRY PAUL BROWN (Under the Direction of Mark A. Farmer) ABSTRACT My doctoral research centered on understanding the evolution of the euglenophyte protists, with special attention paid to their plastids. The euglenophytes are a widely distributed group of euglenid protists that have acquired a chloroplast via secondary symbiogenesis. The goals of my research were to 1) test the efficacy of plastid morphological and ultrastructural characters in phylogenetic analysis; 2) understand the process of plastid development and partitioning in the euglenophytes; 3) to use a plastid- encoded protein gene to determine a euglenophyte phylogeny; and 4) to perform a multi- gene analysis to uncover clues about the origins of the euglenophyte plastid. My work began with an alpha-taxonomic study that redefined the rare euglenophyte Euglena rustica. This work not only validly circumscribed the species, but also noted novel features of its habitat, cyclic migration habits, and cellular biology. This was followed by a study of plastid morphology and development in a number of diverse euglenophytes. The results of this study showed that the plastids of euglenophytes undergo drastic changes in morphology and ultrastructure over the course of a single cell division cycle. I concluded that there are four main classes of plastid development and partitioning in the euglenophytes, and that the class a given species will use is dependant on its interphase plastid morphology and the rigidity of the cell. The discovery of the class IV partitioning strategy in which cells with only one or very few plastids fragment their plastids prior to cell division was very significant. -
Altitudinal Zonation of Green Algae Biodiversity in the French Alps
Altitudinal Zonation of Green Algae Biodiversity in the French Alps Adeline Stewart, Delphine Rioux, Fréderic Boyer, Ludovic Gielly, François Pompanon, Amélie Saillard, Wilfried Thuiller, Jean-Gabriel Valay, Eric Marechal, Eric Coissac To cite this version: Adeline Stewart, Delphine Rioux, Fréderic Boyer, Ludovic Gielly, François Pompanon, et al.. Altitu- dinal Zonation of Green Algae Biodiversity in the French Alps. Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2021, 12, pp.679428. 10.3389/fpls.2021.679428. hal-03258608 HAL Id: hal-03258608 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03258608 Submitted on 11 Jun 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. fpls-12-679428 June 4, 2021 Time: 14:28 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 07 June 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.679428 Altitudinal Zonation of Green Algae Biodiversity in the French Alps Adeline Stewart1,2,3, Delphine Rioux3, Fréderic Boyer3, Ludovic Gielly3, François Pompanon3, Amélie Saillard3, Wilfried Thuiller3, Jean-Gabriel Valay2, Eric Maréchal1* and Eric Coissac3* on behalf of The ORCHAMP Consortium 1 Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CEA, CNRS, INRAE, IRIG, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France, 2 Jardin du Lautaret, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France, 3 Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France Mountain environments are marked by an altitudinal zonation of habitat types. -
Comparative Analyses of Chloroplast Genome Data Representing Nine Green Algae in Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Data in Brief 7 (2016) 558–570 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Data in Brief journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib Data article Comparative analyses of chloroplast genome data representing nine green algae in Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) Karolina Fučíková n, Louise A. Lewis, Paul O. Lewis Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA article info abstract Article history: The chloroplast genomes of green algae are highly variable in their Received 16 February 2016 architecture. In this article we summarize gene content across Received in revised form newly obtained and published chloroplast genomes in Chlor- 25 February 2016 ophyceae, including new data from nine of species in Sphaer- Accepted 1 March 2016 opleales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta). We present genome Available online 9 March 2016 architecture information, including genome synteny analysis across two groups of species. Also, we provide a phylogenetic tree obtained from analysis of gene order data for species in Chlor- ophyceae with fully sequenced chloroplast genomes. Further analyses and interpretation of the data can be found in “Chlor- oplast phylogenomic data from the green algal order Sphaer- opleales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) reveal complex patterns of sequence evolution” (Fučíková et al., In review) [1]. & 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Specifications Table Subject area Biology More specific sub- Phylogenomics ject area Type of data Table, Figures, text file, tree file DOI of original article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.01.022 n Corresponding author. -
Lateral Gene Transfer of Anion-Conducting Channelrhodopsins Between Green Algae and Giant Viruses
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.042127; this version posted April 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 5 Lateral gene transfer of anion-conducting channelrhodopsins between green algae and giant viruses Andrey Rozenberg 1,5, Johannes Oppermann 2,5, Jonas Wietek 2,3, Rodrigo Gaston Fernandez Lahore 2, Ruth-Anne Sandaa 4, Gunnar Bratbak 4, Peter Hegemann 2,6, and Oded 10 Béjà 1,6 1Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. 2Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, Berlin 10115, Germany. 3Present address: Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann 15 Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. 5These authors contributed equally: Andrey Rozenberg, Johannes Oppermann. 6These authors jointly supervised this work: Peter Hegemann, Oded Béjà. e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] 20 ABSTRACT Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are algal light-gated ion channels widely used as optogenetic tools for manipulating neuronal activity 1,2. Four ChR families are currently known. Green algal 3–5 and cryptophyte 6 cation-conducting ChRs (CCRs), cryptophyte anion-conducting ChRs (ACRs) 7, and the MerMAID ChRs 8. Here we 25 report the discovery of a new family of phylogenetically distinct ChRs encoded by marine giant viruses and acquired from their unicellular green algal prasinophyte hosts.