DOCSLIB.ORG

Phase Ii Testing and Evaluation of Cultural Resources in the Phase 1 Area of the Tapestry Project, Hesperia, San Bernardino County, California

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phase Ii Testing and Evaluation of Cultural Resources in the Phase 1 Area of the Tapestry Project, Hesperia, San Bernardino County, California PHASE II TESTING AND EVALUATION OF CULTURAL RESOURCES IN THE PHASE 1 AREA OF THE TAPESTRY PROJECT, HESPERIA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA USGS Hesperia, CA 7.5' Quadrangle USGS Silverwood Lake, CA 7.5' Quadrangle Submitted to HELIX Environmental Planning, Inc. 7578 El Cajon Boulevard, Suite 200 La Mesa, CA 91942 Prepared by Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 133 N. San Gabriel Boulevard, Suite 201 Pasadena, CA 91107 September 2014 PHASE II TESTING AND EVALUATION OF CULTURAL RESOURCES IN THE PHASE 1 AREA OF THE TAPESTRY PROJECT, HESPERIA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA USGS Hesperia, CA 7.5' Quadrangle USGS Silverwood Lake, CA 7.5' Quadrangle Prepared for: Andrea Bitterling HELIX Environmental Planning, Inc. 7578 El Cajon Boulevard, Suite 200 La Mesa, CA 91942 Prepared by: James Potter, Tiffany Clark, Dennis McDougall, Josh Smallwood, and Vanessa Mirro Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 133 N. San Gabriel Boulevard, Suite 201 Pasadena, CA 91107 September 2014 National Archaeological Database (NADB) Type of Study: Phase II testing and evaluation Cultural Resources Evaluated: CA-SBR-2297H (P-36-002297), CA-SBR-2298 (P-36-002298), CA-SBR-2397 (P- 36-002397), CA-SBR-5292H (P-36-005292H), CA-SBR-5342 (P-36-005342), CA-SBR-5366H (P-36-005366), CA-SBR-12646H (P-36-013753), CA-SBR-12649H (P-36-013756), CA-SBR-12651(P-36-013762), CA-SBR- 12654H (P-36-013765) through CA-SBR-12656H (P-36-013767), CA-SBR-12658 (P-36-013769), CA-SBR- 12661H (P-36-013772), CA-SBR-12662 (P-36-013773), CA-SBR-17017 (P-36-026999) through CA-SBR-17094H (P-36-027079), CA-SBR-17097H (P-36-027082), CA-SBR-17136 (P-36-027168) through CA-SBR-17139 (P-36- 027171) USGS 7.5’ Quadrangles: Hesperia, CA and Silverwood Lake, CA Level of Investigation: Section 106 of the NHPA Key Words: Hesperia; Mojave Desert; San Bernardino County; Section 106; CEQA; Phase 1 area; Phase II testing and evaluation; 99 cultural resources; prehistoric temporary camp; prehistoric habitation site; small lithic scatter sites; limited activity locus; historical refuse scatter; historical homestead site; historical water storage feature; historical road; multicomponent site CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .................................................................................................. vii 1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Project Description...................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Project Elements ..........................................................................................1 1.1.2 Phase 1 Area ................................................................................................4 1.2 Area of Potential Effect ...........................................................................................4 1.3 Regulatory Context ..................................................................................................6 1.3.1 Federal..........................................................................................................6 1.3.2 State..............................................................................................................7 1.3.3 Local ............................................................................................................9 1.3.4 Regulations Pertaining to Human Remains ...............................................12 1.4 Report Organization ...............................................................................................12 2 SETTING ..........................................................................................................................13 2.1 Environment ...........................................................................................................13 2.2 Prehistoric Setting ..................................................................................................14 2.2.1 Terminal Pleistocene (12,000–10,000 B.P.) ..............................................15 2.2.2 Early Holocene (10,000–8500 B.P.) ..........................................................15 2.2.3 Middle Holocene (8500–4000 B.P.) ..........................................................16 2.2.4 Late Holocene (4000 B.P. to Present) ........................................................17 2.2.5 Socio-cultural Interaction and the Prehistory of the Project Area .............20 2.2.6 Prehistory of the Upper Mojave River Drainage .......................................20 2.3 Ethnographic Setting ..............................................................................................25 2.3.1 Settlement, Subsistence, Economy, and Technology ................................27 2.3.2 Social Organization and Trade ...................................................................28 2.3.3 Serrano Settlement of the Mojave River ....................................................28 2.4 Historical Setting ...................................................................................................30 2.4.1 Spanish Exploration and Mission Period: 1771–1821 ...............................30 2.4.2 Mexican (Rancho) Period: 1821–1848 ......................................................31 2.4.3 American Period: 1848–1950s ...................................................................31 3 PREVIOUS RESEARCH ................................................................................................35 3.1 Archaeological Literature and Records Search......................................................35 3.1.1 San Bernardino Archaeological Information Center .................................35 3.2 Native American Coordination ..............................................................................37 3.3 Archaeological Surveys of the Phase 1 Area .........................................................38 4 RESEARCH DESIGN .....................................................................................................51 4.1 Management Objectives.........................................................................................51 4.2 Research Design for Prehistoric Resources ...........................................................51 4.2.1 Chronology ................................................................................................52 4.2.2 Technology ................................................................................................54 4.2.3 Subsistence .................................................................................................58 4.2.4 Land Use and Settlement Patterning ..........................................................62 ii 4.2.5 Exchange and External Relations ..............................................................65 4.2.6 Cultural Landscape ....................................................................................70 4.3 Research Design for Historical Resources .............................................................72 4.3.1 Transportation ............................................................................................72 4.3.2 Mining ........................................................................................................73 4.3.3 Agriculture, Ranching, and Homesteading ................................................74 5 METHODS….. .................................................................................................................77 5.1 Field Methods ........................................................................................................77 5.1.1 Ascertaining the Distribution of Surface Remains ....................................78 5.1.2 Site Mapping ..............................................................................................78 5.1.3 Surface Collecting ......................................................................................78 5.1.4 Defining the Extent of Subsurface Deposits ..............................................78 5.1.5 Photo Documentation.................................................................................80 5.1.6 Backfilling and Site Restoration ................................................................80 5.1.7 Native American Monitoring .....................................................................80 5.2 Laboratory Methods ...............................................................................................80 5.3 Technical Analyses ................................................................................................81 5.3.1 Flaked Stone Artifacts................................................................................81 5.3.2 Ground and Battered Stone Artifacts .........................................................83 5.3.3 Vertebrate Fauna ........................................................................................84 5.3.4 Shell Artifact ..............................................................................................84 5.3.5 Radiocarbon Dating ...................................................................................84 5.3.6 Obsidian X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis ....................................................85 5.4 Archival Research Methods ...................................................................................85 5.5 Evaluation of Historic Properties and Historical Resources ..................................86 5.5.1 NRHP and CRHR Significance Criteria ....................................................86 5.5.2 Contexts for Evaluation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Schedule of Proposed Action (SOPA)
    Schedule of Proposed Action (SOPA) 07/01/2019 to 09/30/2019 San Bernardino National Forest This report contains the best available information at the time of publication. Questions may be directed to the Project Contact. Expected Project Name Project Purpose Planning Status Decision Implementation Project Contact San Bernardino National Forest, Forestwide (excluding Projects occurring in more than one Forest) R5 - Pacific Southwest Region Carbonate Habitat Mineral - Wildlife, Fish, Rare plants In Progress: Expected:08/2019 08/2019 Scott Eliason Withdrawal - Minerals and Geology Comment Period Public Notice 909-382-2830 EA 08/10/2018 [email protected] Description: Requested Mineral Withdrawal to implement portions of the Carbonate Habitat Management Strategy, and also to enable mitigation elements of two separate proposed mining projects on the San Bernardino National Forest. Decision authority is with DOI. Web Link: http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=54410 Location: UNIT - San Bernardino National Forest All Units. STATE - California. COUNTY - San Bernardino. LEGAL - Not Applicable. Approximately 25 miles northeast of San Bernardino, California and 8.5 miles south of the unincorporated community of Lucerne Valley, California. Mountain Yellow-legged Frog - Wildlife, Fish, Rare plants In Progress: Expected:06/2019 06/2019 David Austin Reestablishment Scoping Start 04/25/2019 909-382-2733 CE [email protected] *NEW LISTING* Description: The USFWS proposes to approve the reestablishment of federally endangered mountain yellow-legged frog. The attached figures display the potential reestablishment locations. Please send comments to Jesse Bennett at [email protected] Web Link: http://www.fs.usda.gov/project/?project=55938 Location: UNIT - San Bernardino National Forest All Units.
    [Show full text]
  • San Bernardino National Forest Baldy Mesa Off-Highway Vehicle Trails and Staging Area Mitigated Negative Declaration March 2015
    San Bernardino National Forest Baldy Mesa Off-Highway Vehicle Trails and Staging Area Mitigated Negative Declaration March 2015 State of California Department of Parks and Recreation Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division San Bernardino National Forest Baldy Mesa Off-Highway Vehicle Trails and Staging Area Mitigated Negative Declaration March 2015 Prepared for: State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation Division 1725 23rd Street, Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95816 (916) 324-4442 www.ohv.parks.ca.gov Prepared by: MIG | TRA Environmental Sciences, Inc. 545 Middlefield Road, Suite 200 Menlo Park, CA 94025 (650) 327-0429 www.traenviro.com Mitigated Negative Declaration Page 1 MITIGATED NEGATIVE DECLARATION Project: Baldy Mesa OHV Trails and Staging Area Project Sponsor: San Bernardino National Forest Lead Agency: California Department of Parks and Recreation (CDPR), Off-Highway Motor Vehicle Recreation (OHMVR) Division Availability of Documents: The Initial Study (IS) for this Mitigated Negative Declaration is available for review at: San Bernardino National Forest 602 S. Tippecanoe Avenue San Bernardino, CA 92408 Contact: Al Colby, Grants Administrator Phone: (909) 382-2618 CDPR, OHMVR Division 1725 23rd Street, Suite 200 Sacramento, CA 95816 Contact: Maria A. Olmos Phone: (916) 445-1667 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The OHMVR Division proposes to award grant funds to the San Bernardino National Forest, Front County Ranger District and Southern California Mountains Foundation, for development of a 23-mile 50-inch Off Highway Vehicle (OHV) trail, staging area improvements, and obliteration and restoration of 55 miles of unauthorized trails in the Baldy Mesa OHV Area in San Bernardino County.
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeology and Paleoclimate of the Mud Lake Basin, Nye County, Nevada
    University of Nevada, Reno Changing Landscapes During the Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene: The Archaeology and Paleoclimate of the Mud Lake Basin, Nye County, Nevada A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Anthropology By Lindsay A. Fenner Dr. Geoffrey M. Smith/Thesis Advisor May, 2011 © by Lindsay A. Fenner 2011 All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by LINDSAY A. FENNER entitled Changing Landscapes During The Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene: The Archaeology And Paleoclimate Of The Mud Lake Basin, Nye County, Nevada be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Geoffrey M. Smith, Ph.D., Advisor Gary Haynes, Ph.D., Committee Member Kenneth D. Adams, Ph.D., Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph. D., Associate Dean, Graduate School May, 2011 i ABSTRACT Archaeological investigation along Pleistocene lakeshores is a longstanding and common approach to prehistoric research in the Great Basin. Continuing in this tradition, this thesis considers the archaeological remains present from pluvial Mud Lake, Nye County, Nevada coupled with an examination of paleoclimatic conditions to assess land-use patters during the terminal Pleistocene/early Holocene. Temporally diagnostic lithic assemblages from 44 localities in the Mud Lake basin provide the framework for which environmental proxy records are considered. Overwhelmingly occupied by Prearchaic groups, comprising 76.6% of all diagnostic artifacts present, Mud Lake was intensively utilized right up to its desiccation after the Younger Dryas, estimated at 9,000 radiocarbon years before present. Intermittently occupied through the remainder of the Holocene, different land-use strategies were employed as a result of shifting subsistence resources reacting to an ever changing environment.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Southern California
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Southern California Climate and Vegetation Over the Past 125,000 Years from Lake Sequences in the San Bernardino Mountains A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography by Katherine Colby Glover 2016 © Copyright by Katherine Colby Glover 2016 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Southern California Climate and Vegetation Over the Past 125,000 Years from Lake Sequences in the San Bernardino Mountains by Katherine Colby Glover Doctor of Philosophy in Geography University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Glen Michael MacDonald, Chair Long sediment records from offshore and terrestrial basins in California show a history of vegetation and climatic change since the last interglacial (130,000 years BP). Vegetation sensitive to temperature and hydroclimatic change tended to be basin-specific, though the expansion of shrubs and herbs universally signalled arid conditions, and landscpe conversion to steppe. Multi-proxy analyses were conducted on two cores from the Big Bear Valley in the San Bernardino Mountains to reconstruct a 125,000-year history for alpine southern California, at the transition between mediterranean alpine forest and Mojave desert. Age control was based upon radiocarbon and luminescence dating. Loss-on-ignition, magnetic susceptibility, grain size, x-ray fluorescence, pollen, biogenic silica, and charcoal analyses showed that the paleoclimate of the San Bernardino Mountains was highly subject to globally pervasive forcing mechanisms that register in northern hemispheric oceans. Primary productivity in Baldwin Lake during most of its ii history showed a strong correlation to historic fluctuations in local summer solar radiation values.
    [Show full text]
  • The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River
    The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River Mark Q. Sutton and David D. Earle Abstract century, although he noted the possible survival of The Desert Serrano of the Mojave River, little documented by “perhaps a few individuals merged among other twentieth century ethnographers, are investigated here to help un- groups” (Kroeber 1925:614). In fact, while occupation derstand their relationship with the larger and better known Moun- tain Serrano sociopolitical entity and to illuminate their unique of the Mojave River region by territorially based clan adaptation to the Mojave River and surrounding areas. In this effort communities of the Desert Serrano had ceased before new interpretations of recent and older data sets are employed. 1850, there were survivors of this group who had Kroeber proposed linguistic and cultural relationships between the been born in the desert still living at the close of the inhabitants of the Mojave River, whom he called the Vanyumé, and the Mountain Serrano living along the southern edge of the Mojave nineteenth century, as was later reported by Kroeber Desert, but the nature of those relationships was unclear. New (1959:299; also see Earle 2005:24–26). evidence on the political geography and social organization of this riverine group clarifies that they and the Mountain Serrano belonged to the same ethnic group, although the adaptation of the Desert For these reasons we attempt an “ethnography” of the Serrano was focused on riverine and desert resources. Unlike the Desert Serrano living along the Mojave River so that Mountain Serrano, the Desert Serrano participated in the exchange their place in the cultural milieu of southern Califor- system between California and the Southwest that passed through the territory of the Mojave on the Colorado River and cooperated nia can be better understood and appreciated.
    [Show full text]
  • San Bernardino County California, U
    ADELANTO CITY SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. San Bernardino County. Condado de San Bernardino Officially the County of San Bernardino, is a county located in the Oficialmente, el Condado de San Bernardino, es un condado ubicado en la southern portion of the U.S. state of California, and is located within the parte sur del estado de California en los Estados Unidos, y se encuentra dentro Inland Empire area. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was del área del Inland Empire. A partir del censo estadounidense de 2010, la 2,035,210, making it the fifth-most populous county in California and the población era de 2.035.210, lo que lo convierte en el quinto condado más 14th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is San Bernardino. poblado de California y el 14º más poblado de los Estados Unidos. La sede del condado es San Bernardino. While included within the Greater Los Angeles area, San Bernardino Si bien se incluye dentro del área metropolitana de Los Ángeles, el County is included in the Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario metropolitan condado de San Bernardino se incluye en el área estadística metropolitana statistical area (also known as the Inland Empire), as well as the Los Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario (también conocida como Inland Empire), así Angeles–Long Beach combined statistical area. como el área estadística combinada Los Ángeles-Long Beach. With an area of 20,105 square miles (52,070 km2), San Bernardino Con un área de 20,105 millas cuadradas (52,070 km2), el condado de San County is the largest county in the United States by area, although some of Bernardino es el condado más grande de los Estados Unidos por área, aunque Alaska's boroughs and census areas are larger.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Spanish National Historic Trail Final Comprehensive Administrative Strategy
    Old Spanish National Historic Trail Final Comprehensive Administrative Strategy Chama Crossing at Red Rock, New Mexico U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service - National Trails Intermountain Region Bureau of Land Management - Utah This page is intentionally blank. Table of Contents Old Spanish National Historic Trail - Final Comprehensive Administrative Stratagy Table of Contents i Table of Contents v Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1 - Introduction 3 The National Trails System 4 Old Spanish National Historic Trail Feasibility Study 4 Legislative History of the Old Spanish National Historic Trail 5 Nature and Purpose of the Old Spanish National Historic Trail 5 Trail Period of Significance 5 Trail Significance Statement 7 Brief Description of the Trail Routes 9 Goal of the Comprehensive Administrative Strategy 10 Next Steps and Strategy Implementation 11 Chapter 2 - Approaches to Administration 13 Introduction 14 Administration and Management 17 Partners and Trail Resource Stewards 17 Resource Identification, Protection, and Monitoring 19 National Historic Trail Rights-of-Way 44 Mapping and Resource Inventory 44 Partnership Certification Program 45 Trail Use Experience 47 Interpretation/Education 47 Primary Interpretive Themes 48 Secondary Interpretive Themes 48 Recreational Opportunities 49 Local Tour Routes 49 Health and Safety 49 User Capacity 50 Costs 50 Operations i Table of Contents Old Spanish National Historic Trail - Final Comprehensive Administrative Stratagy Table of Contents 51 Funding 51 Gaps in Information and
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resources Report
    HISTORICAL/ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES SURVEY REPORT MCDONALD LEARNING CENTER EAST PROJECT Big Bear City Area San Bernardino County, California For Submittal to: County of San Bernardino 385 North Arrowhead Avenue San Bernardino, CA 92415 Prepared for: McDonald Learning Center P.O. Box 150 Big Bear Lake, CA 92315 Prepared by: CRM TECH 1016 East Cooley Drive, Suite A/B Colton, CA 92324 Bai “Tom” Tang, Principal Investigator Michael Hogan, Principal Investigator April 23, 2019 CRM TECH Contract No. 3458 Title: Historical/Archaeological Resources Survey Report: McDonald Learning Center East Project, Big Bear City Area, San Bernardino County, California Author(s): Bai “Tom” Tang, Principal Investigator/Historian Ben Kerridge, Archaeologist/Report Writer Daniel Ballester, Archaeologist/Field Director Nina Gallardo, Archaeologist/Native American Liaison Consulting Firm: CRM TECH 1016 East Cooley Drive, Suite A/B Colton, CA 92324 (909) 824-6400 Date: April 23, 2019 For Submittal to: County of San Bernardino 385 North Arrowhead Avenue San Bernardino, CA 92415 (909) 387-8311 Prepared for: Lisa Burtner McDonald Learning Center P.O. Box 150 Big Bear Lake, CA 92315 (909) 709-4041 USGS Quadrangle: Moonridge, Calif., 7.5’ quadrangle (Section 19, T2N R2E, San Bernardino Baseline and Meridian) Project Size: Approximately 0.75 acre Keywords: Big Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains; Phase I historical/ archaeological resources survey; a portion of Assessor’s Parcel Number 0315-421-02; no “historical resources” found MANAGEMENT SUMMARY In March and April 2019, CRM TECH performed a cultural resources study on approximately 0.75 acre of undeveloped land in the San Bernardino Mountains and to the southeast of the unincorporated community of Big Bear City, San Bernardino County, California.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Birds from Manix Lake California
    Fossil Birds From Manix Lake California By HILDEGARDE HOWARD A SHORTER CONTRIBUTION TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 264-J Descriptions of late Pleistocene bira remains, including a new species offlamingo UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 40 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract--__-_-----___-__-__-_--___________________ 199 Description of specimens—Continued Introduction _______________________________________ 199 Branta canadensis (Linnaeus)_--____--_____-_-___- 203 Description of specimens_____________________________ 201 Nyroca valisineria (Wilson) ?____________________- 203 Aechmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence)_____________ 201 Erismatura jamaicensis (Gmelin)__________________ 204 Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Gmelin_________________ 202 Aquila chrysaetos (Linnaeus)_____________________ 204 Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson) ?_________________ 202 (?rws?_______________-_-______-____-_--__- 204 Ciconia maltha Miller_____.______________________ 202 Family Phalaropodidae__________________________ 204 Phoenicopterus copei Shufeldt?_.__________________ 202 Summary and conclusions__________________________ 204 Phoenicopterus minutus Howard, new species_ ______ 202 Literature cited___________________________________ 205 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE 50. Phoenicopterus minutus Howard, new
    [Show full text]
  • The Pueblo in the Mojave Sink: an Archaeological Myth
    California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Theses Digitization Project John M. Pfau Library 2002 The pueblo in the Mojave Sink: An archaeological myth Barbara Ann Loren-Webb Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Loren-Webb, Barbara Ann, "The pueblo in the Mojave Sink: An archaeological myth" (2002). Theses Digitization Project. 2107. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2107 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the John M. Pfau Library at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Digitization Project by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PUEBLO IN THE MOJAVE SINK: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL MYTH A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies by Barbara Ann Loren-Webb March 2003 THE PUEBLO IN THE MOJAVE SINK: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL MYTH A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Barbara Ann Loren-Webb March 2003 Approved by: Russell Barber, Chair, Anthropology Date Pete Robertshesw, Anthropology ABSTRACT In 1929 Malcolm Rogers published a paper in which he stated that there was evidence of an Anasazi or Puebloan settlement or pueblo, in the Mojave Sink Region of the Mojave Desert. Since then, archaeologists have cited Rogers' publication and repeated his claim that such a pueblo was located in the Western Mojave Desert. The purpose of this thesis started out as a review of the existing evidence and to locate this pueblo.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Resources Survey of the Phase 1 Area and Associated Water Tank/Access Road Route for the Tapestry Project, Hesperia, San Bernardino County, California
    CONFIDENTIAL CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF THE PHASE 1 AREA AND ASSOCIATED WATER TANK/ACCESS ROAD ROUTE FOR THE TAPESTRY PROJECT, HESPERIA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA USGS Hesperia, CA 7.5' Quadrangle USGS Silverwood Lake, CA 7.5' Quadrangle Submitted to HELIX Environmental Planning, Inc. 7578 El Cajon Boulevard, Suite 200 La Mesa, CA 91942 Prepared by Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 133 N. San Gabriel Blvd, Suite 201 Pasadena, California 91107 March 2014 CONFIDENTIAL CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF THE PHASE 1 AREA AND ASSOCIATED WATER TANK/ACCESS ROAD ROUTE FOR THE TAPESTRY PROJECT, HESPERIA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA USGS Hesperia, CA 7.5' Quadrangle USGS Silverwood Lake, CA 7.5' Quadrangle Prepared for: Andrea Bitterling HELIX Environmental Planning, Inc. 7578 El Cajon Boulevard, Suite 200 La Mesa, CA 91942 Prepared by: Tiffany Clark, Ph.D., RPA, and Dennis McDougall Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 133 N. San Gabriel Blvd, Suite 201 Pasadena, California 91107 March 2014 National Archaeological Database (NADB) Type of Study: Literature Search, Intensive Pedestrian Survey and Evaluation Cultural Resources Recorded: CA-SBR-17017 (P-36-026999) through CA-SBR-17097H (P-36-027082) Sites Revisited and/or Updated: CA-SBR-2297H (P-36-002297), CA-SBR-2298 (P-36-002298), CA-SBR-5342 (P- 36-005342), CA-SBR-5366H (P-36-005366), CA-SBR-12646H (P-36-013753), CA-SBR-12650H (P-36-013757); CA-SBR-12651 (P-36-013762), CA-SBR-12656H (P-36-013767), CA-SBR-12657 (P-36-013768); CA-SBR-12658 (P-36-013769), CA-SBR-12661H (P-36-013772), and CA-SBR-12662 (P-36-013773)
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Soils
    3.7 GEOLOGY AND SOILS This section of the Program Environmental Impact Report (PEIR) describes the geological characteristics of the SCAG region, identifies the regulatory framework with respect to laws and regulations that govern geology and soils, and analyzes the significance of the potential impacts that could result from development of the Connect SoCal Plan (“Connect SoCal”; “Plan”). In addition, this PEIR provides regional-scale mitigation measures as well as project-level mitigation measures to be considered by lead agencies for subsequent, site-specific environmental review to reduce identified impacts as appropriate and feasible. Information regarding paleontological resources was largely obtained from the Paleontological Resources Report prepared by SWCA and included as Appendix 3.7 of this PEIR. 3.7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 3.7.1.1 Definitions Alluvium: An unconsolidated accumulation of stream deposited sediments, including sands, silts, clays or gravels. Extrusive Igneous Rocks: Rocks that crystallize from molten magma on earth’s surface. Fault: A fracture or fracture zone in rock along which movement has occurred. Formation: A laterally continuous rock unit with a distinctive set of characteristics that make it possible to recognize and map from one outcrop or well to another. The basic rock unit of stratigraphy. Holocene: An interval of time relating to, or denoting the present epoch, which is the second epoch in the Quaternary period, from approximately 11,000 years ago to the present time. Liquefaction: The process by which water-saturated sandy soil materials lose strength and become susceptible to failure during strong ground shaking in an earthquake. The shaking causes the pore-water pressure in the soil to increase, thus transforming the soil from a stable solid to a more liquid form.
    [Show full text]