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Cultural Resources Survey of the Phase 1 Area and Associated Water Tank/Access Road Route for the Tapestry Project, Hesperia, San Bernardino County, California

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Cultural Resources Survey of the Phase 1 Area and Associated Water Tank/Access Road Route for the Tapestry Project, Hesperia, San Bernardino County, California CONFIDENTIAL CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF THE PHASE 1 AREA AND ASSOCIATED WATER TANK/ACCESS ROAD ROUTE FOR THE TAPESTRY PROJECT, HESPERIA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA USGS Hesperia, CA 7.5' Quadrangle USGS Silverwood Lake, CA 7.5' Quadrangle Submitted to HELIX Environmental Planning, Inc. 7578 El Cajon Boulevard, Suite 200 La Mesa, CA 91942 Prepared by Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 133 N. San Gabriel Blvd, Suite 201 Pasadena, California 91107 March 2014 CONFIDENTIAL CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF THE PHASE 1 AREA AND ASSOCIATED WATER TANK/ACCESS ROAD ROUTE FOR THE TAPESTRY PROJECT, HESPERIA, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA USGS Hesperia, CA 7.5' Quadrangle USGS Silverwood Lake, CA 7.5' Quadrangle Prepared for: Andrea Bitterling HELIX Environmental Planning, Inc. 7578 El Cajon Boulevard, Suite 200 La Mesa, CA 91942 Prepared by: Tiffany Clark, Ph.D., RPA, and Dennis McDougall Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 133 N. San Gabriel Blvd, Suite 201 Pasadena, California 91107 March 2014 National Archaeological Database (NADB) Type of Study: Literature Search, Intensive Pedestrian Survey and Evaluation Cultural Resources Recorded: CA-SBR-17017 (P-36-026999) through CA-SBR-17097H (P-36-027082) Sites Revisited and/or Updated: CA-SBR-2297H (P-36-002297), CA-SBR-2298 (P-36-002298), CA-SBR-5342 (P- 36-005342), CA-SBR-5366H (P-36-005366), CA-SBR-12646H (P-36-013753), CA-SBR-12650H (P-36-013757); CA-SBR-12651 (P-36-013762), CA-SBR-12656H (P-36-013767), CA-SBR-12657 (P-36-013768); CA-SBR-12658 (P-36-013769), CA-SBR-12661H (P-36-013772), and CA-SBR-12662 (P-36-013773) Isolated Artifacts Recorded: P-36-060871, P-36-027006, P-36-027014, and P-36-027033 USGS 7.5’ Quadrangles: Hesperia, CA and Silverwood Lake, CA Acreage: 1,020 acres (989.4 acres for Phase 1 and 30.6 acres for water tank/access road route) Level of Investigation: Section 106 of the NHPA Key Words: Hesperia; Mojave Desert; San Bernardino County; Section 106; CEQA; Phase 1 area; 1020.1 acres surveyed; 96 cultural resources; prehistoric quarry/assay/reduction station; prehistoric lithic scatter; prehistoric seasonal or temporary camp; prehistoric residential location; historical refuse scatter; historical homestead location; historical water storage feature; historical hearth feature; historical road; isolated artifacts CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................... vi MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ................................................................................................. viii 1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Scope and Purpose of Investigations .......................................................................1 1.2 Project Description...................................................................................................1 1.2.1 Project Elements ..........................................................................................1 1.2.2 Phase 1 and Water Tank/Access Road Development ..................................4 1.3 Area of Potential Effects ..........................................................................................5 1.4 Regulatory Context ..................................................................................................6 1.4.1 Federal..........................................................................................................6 1.4.2 State..............................................................................................................7 1.4.3 Local ..........................................................................................................10 1.4.4 Regulations Pertaining to Human Remains ...............................................13 1.5 Report Organization ...............................................................................................13 2 SETTING ..........................................................................................................................14 2.1 Environment ...........................................................................................................14 2.2 Prehistoric Setting ..................................................................................................15 2.2.1 Terminal Pleistocene (12,000–10,000 B.P.) ..............................................16 2.2.2 Early Holocene (10,000–8500 B.P.) ..........................................................16 2.2.3 Middle Holocene (8500–4000 B.P.) ..........................................................17 2.2.4 Late Holocene (4000 B.P. to Present) ........................................................18 2.2.5 Socio-cultural Interaction and the Prehistory of the Project Area .............20 2.2.6 Prehistory of the Upper Mojave River Drainage .......................................22 2.3 Ethnographic Setting ..............................................................................................25 2.3.1 Settlement, Subsistence, Economy, and Technology ................................27 2.3.2 Social Organization and Trade ...................................................................28 2.3.3 Serrano Settlement of the Mojave River ....................................................28 2.4 Historical Setting ...................................................................................................29 2.4.1 Mexican Exploration and Mission Period: 1771–1821 .............................30 2.4.2 Mexican (Rancho) Period: 1821–1848 ......................................................30 2.4.3 American Period: 1848–1950s ...................................................................31 3 SOURCES CONSULTED ...............................................................................................35 3.1 Archaeological Literature and Records Search......................................................35 3.1.1 AIC Records Search Results ......................................................................35 3.2 Native American Consultation ...............................................................................38 3.2.1 Sacred Lands File Search ...........................................................................38 4 SURVEY METHODS ......................................................................................................41 5 FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................43 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................43 ii 5.2 Summary of Survey Results...................................................................................43 5.3 Prehistoric Archaeological Sites ............................................................................54 5.3.1 CA-SBR-2298/P-36-002298 ......................................................................54 5.3.2 CA-SBR-5342/P-36-005342 ......................................................................54 5.3.3 CA-SBR-12651/P-36-013762 ....................................................................54 5.3.4 CA-SBR-12657/P-36-013768 ....................................................................55 5.3.5 CA-SBR-12658/P-36-013769 ....................................................................55 5.3.6 CA-SBR-12662/P-36-013773 ....................................................................55 5.3.7 CA-SBR-17017/P-36-026999 ....................................................................56 5.3.8 CA-SBR-17019/P-36-027001 ....................................................................56 5.3.9 CA-SBR-17020/P-36-027002 ....................................................................56 5.3.10 CA-SBR-17021/P-36-027003 ....................................................................56 5.3.11 CA-SBR-17022/P-36-027004 ....................................................................57 5.3.12 CA-SBR-17023/P-36-027005 ....................................................................57 5.3.13 CA-SBR-17024/P-36-027007 ....................................................................57 5.3.14 CA-SBR-17025/P-36-027008 ....................................................................57 5.3.15 CA-SBR-17026/P-36-027009 ....................................................................57 5.3.16 CA-SBR-17027/P-36-027010 ....................................................................58 5.3.17 CA-SBR-17028/P-36-027011 ....................................................................58 5.3.18 CA-SBR-17030/P-36-027013 ....................................................................58 5.3.19 CA-SBR-17031/P-36-027015 ....................................................................58 5.3.20 CA-SBR-17032/P-36-027016 ....................................................................58 5.3.21 CA-SBR-17033/P-36-027017 ....................................................................59 5.3.22 CA-SBR-17034/P-36-027018 ....................................................................59 5.3.23 CA-SBR-17035/P-36-027019 ....................................................................59 5.3.24 CA-SBR-17036/P-36-027020 ....................................................................59 5.3.25 CA-SBR-17037/P-36-027021 ....................................................................59 5.3.26 CA-SBR-17038/P-36-027022 ....................................................................60 5.3.27 CA-SBR-17039/P-36-027023
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