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Samoana Time Consciousness Through the Samoan Language

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Center for Pacific Island Studies Time is the Space i-we Keep: Samoana Time Consciousness through the Samoan Language Fall Semester 2002 Master ofArts Thesis "Plan B" Submitted by: duchess sa'i1i sophia steffany Committee Members: Chairperson, Professor Terrence Wesley-Smith Signature Professor John Mayer Signature Vita Tanielu, Lecturer Signature Professor Rapata Wiri Signature Table of Contents Prologue 1 Introductory Material 4 Introduction 14 Living History 18 Memoirs 23 Samoan Proverbial Expressions -- Alaga'upu fa'a -Samoa 83 Day Arrangements and Adverbs ofTime 122 Samoana's A & 0 Possessive Categories 133 'Avaali'i rna Sa'aali'i 143 Space Time 150 Spiral Time in the Biblical Sabbath 161 Polynesian Time 167 Taeao 171 Pacific Time and the Other 186 Conclusion to Samoana Time Consciousness through Language 192 Closing MateriaL 202 References 206 Acknowledgments 210 Prologue This time project is meant to be counter-hegemonic. i deliberately mean to de-center from both the non-Sammie and Sammie hegemonies. Thus, i have curbed the "according to expert so & so" rhetoric and overpacked it with my sense ofbeing in time & times within the Sammie universe. This project represents a voice out ofTutuila, "an interpretation"-not "The Interpretation"-ofSamoana time through language. Rather than waxing lethargic on what precisely is Samoana time consciousness, i create that time-world and invite the reader to join me in the adventure. This time work may be seen as two parts: the first section will entail "Memoirs"; the second will fonnulate an "extra special" language arts workout...extra special in that they are sounds silenced in time. This time-language project serves as a precautionary against Orientalism. Ifwe really want to know and understand Samoana, listen to a variety ofvoices, not just the blasters. As the experts and traditionalists are more than capable ofsounding off, standing confident in their credibility, i free myself from the "unction!" to parrot them. i employ the use ofthe small "i" or "my/mine" and such because these are only my interpretations or reconstructions. The tone is intentionally intimate, personal, playful & entertaining at times...but, most ofall, i hope it is somehow meaningful for the reader. i hope the reader develops some sense ofconnection to and an affection for Samoana. Sammie for Samoa, Samoan, Samoana is a tenn ofendearment. i play with the Samoan language and notions oftime; at times it may seem as ifi'm re-creating what has yet to be created! In later papers, i will return to the principles ofthe hegemony, but for this paper, i choose to give voice to these socially subversive elements. This paper does not focus on right, wrong, true, false, but more on having a voice, a say in matters that are mine and ours. i speak ofSamoana times as one traditionally silenced on cultural matters. i utilize methodologies that differ from and do not always subordinate to the standards. Yet, in another sense it is a Tutuila tradition to be (highly) creative, inventive, to consider matters from a "Sabbath was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath" approach-Samoana language & times are utilized to suit my purposes.. .i assume liberties in defining Samoana on my own terms, the way other Sammies, particularly the Tutuila-breed, do not hesitate to carve their own niches, creating their own past, present, and future realities. i did so without it ever occurring to me that i needed to ask permission to have my realities validated...until i was informed and took offense. This work was created for anyone interested in Samoana. However, i am primarily appealing to the Sammies who might be deemed by the non-Sammie/Sammie hegemonies as "not Sammie enough, not important enough a Sammie, Sammie improper!" i am referring to Tutuila-ns, Sammie hybrids, Sammies raised outside of Samoa and all "non-traditional" Sammies. Perhaps, we are not traditional Sammies, but there are varieties ofSammies. On a worldwide scale, there are so very few ofus; still we are very real. 1 am wanting any and all Sammies old enough to read and write to voice their experiences, their Time and times. i insist on this because i am wanting Samoans to be viewed as thinking, feeling human beings. We should author and maintain author-ity over our living histories. Samoana is rich in oral traditions and ceremonial speechmaking that is high artistry in time. In addition to this, i would like for Sammies to adopt a reading culture wherein libraries overbrimming with books are a common household feature. would like to read all genres ofliterature written by Sammies. In my wanting, i needed to give. Thus, i gave ofmyselfin this work. It is an imperfect, incomplete work, but i mean for other Sammies to add their own versions ofSamoana. More than rocks out in the middle ofthe Pacific Ocean, more than simplistic, (ig)noble savages who fight about everything, we are a people who love life, live to love. Let us not silence one another and consign the living to tombs. ? When i started with Center ofPacific Islands Studies two years ago, i was more than delighted to hear a profoundly wise and marvelous professor advise that our "big project" should be about something that we love, something that we have a passion for, something significant and meaningful to us/our area, something that is really ours and, more importantly, this is the opportune time to be wicked and deviate! i was completely bought and sold. my two loves (ofstudy) are Samoana and Time. i am grateful for the privilege to do both my way in this "extra special" project. May this experiment inspire Sammies and other Pacific Islands peoples to do likewise... A Time for Everything There is a time for everything, And a season for every activity under heaven. A time to be born and a time to die, A time to plant and a time to uproot, A time to kill and a time to heal, A time to weep and a time to laugh, A time to mourn and a time to dance, A time to scatter stones and a time to gather them, A time to embrace and a time to refrain, A time to search and a time to give up, A time to keep and a time to throwaway, A time to tear and a time to mend, A time to be silent and a time to speak, A time to love and a time to hate, A timefor war and a timefor peace. -Ecclesiastes 3: 1-8 There is a time for everything and time is everything... LI. Sarnoana...ala rnai Ua paia rna ua rnamalu Ie aso aua e paia rnamana Le Atua Sa Ua sa Ie vao Ua sa Ie sami Ua sa oe Ua sa ia Ua sa a'u Tatou ave Ie rnua i Le Atua Tulou ia i ou sa rna ou faiga Tulou i ou ao rna ou papa Fa'atulou atu Ie paia 0 Turnua rna Pule Ituau rna Alataua Aiga i Ie tai rna Ie va'a 0 Fonoti e paia Samoana, paia Ie Faleagafulu rna Ie Manu'atele Tulouna Ie paia 0 Ie a'ano a ali'i Ie rnarnalu 0 fetaia'i rna uso o Avaali'i rna Sa'aali'i Fa'atulou atu ia te outou ua afifio rnai Ie paia, Ie rnarnalu, rna Ie sa o Sarnoana Ie paia, Ie rnamalu, rna Ie sa o oe, 0 ia, rna a'u Ia viia Ie Atua Sa Ia fa'apaia ona tamali'i ae rnaise ona failauga Iatou te fa'avae, fa'avasega, Ie fa'amanatuga Ie paia, Ie rnarnalu Ie Ialelei, Ie aulelei e pei 0 Sanalala Va taoto Ie ata'ata 0 Taulelei rna ua so'ona Ielei Ie nu'u Sa, ele'ele Sa Sa-rnoana, Sa-Iagi Sa-rnoa, Sa-rnauli ia e rnanatua o oe 0 Ie tagata Sa sa alofa fua ai Ie Atua ia rnamalu lou olaga Fa'atulou atu i Ie paia 0 taeao 0 Samoana Ie paia 0 Ie malo 0 Ie Atua Sa Taeao na i Saua, Samana, rna Ie aso i Namo Le paia 0 Ie Tala Lelei Ie Tala ua toe tu lesu ina ia Ie fano se tasi e fa'atuatua ia te la ae ia maua uma e tatou Ie ola e fa'avavau, fa'avavau lava Amuia e 0 sa'ilia muamua Ie malo 0 Le Atua eave mo i latou Ie sa'ilimalo la, 0 Ie mamalu 0 Samoana na amata mai Ie vavau rna... e 0'0 lava i Ie fa'avavau la matafi Ie lagi e na'o lesu i 10 tatou va la tatou fa'amavae i Ie mavaega tusitusi tusi Ie ata tusi Ie to'o tusi Ie manava tusi i lou fatu tusi i ou mafaufau tusi lou mauli toaga e tusitusi rna tusi pea rna tusi pea la e sa'oloto Samoana i Ie tusiga 0 ou tala 7 tusiga rna Ie fetalaiga a ou Iauga e mamaIu... tusi Ie ta-alofa si o'u alofa o Ie Iagi e mama rna Ie soifua maua... 8 Larger than life, larger than death...time... Information galore. Illimitable knowledge surrounds, permeates, indoctrinates the masses. The few thinkers ofsociety design mental constructs to dazzle, appease, soothe, comfort, and whatever to intoxicate the manyfollowers of(un)real society. From corner to corner and underneath and over, inside out andflip-flop, there is so much to talk about, hear, read, learn, and most importantly, to believe in. Yet some are not sofortunate, or rather some are most unfortunate. These are they that believe nothing.
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