Puglia in Spring

Naturetrek Tour Report 14 - 21 April 2018

Bertoloni's Bee Orchids by Jessica Turner

Italian Marbled White by Tom Ambrose

Overlooking Matera by Jessica Turner Italian Wall Lizard by Tom Ambrose

Report compiled by Jessica Turner Images by Tom Ambrose and Jessica Turner

Naturetrek Wolf’s Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk

Tour Report Puglia in Spring

Tour participants: Jessica Turner and Tom Ambrose (leaders) with 14 Naturetrek clients

Summary

This was our second Naturetrek trip to Puglia and, again, we were delighted with the range of birds and flowers, especially the orchids. Many Marsh, Hen and Montagu’s Harriers were on passage, and the spring migrants were arriving, with Swifts, Barn Swallows and House Martins abundant and good views of Northern and Black-eared Wheatears, Hoopoes, Golden Orioles, Woodchat Shrikes and a Common Rock Thrush. We also saw Lanner Falcon and Black Kites well, but the avian highlight must surely be the sheer number of Lesser Kestrels around the fascinating town of Matera. The orchids were breath-taking in their numbers and diversity, especially in the extensive grounds of Parco delle Querce, and we also enjoyed a good range of other Mediterranean spring flowers, many localised to Puglia or with a peri-Adriatic distribution, such as the maroon-flowered Figwort Scrophularia lucida and the blue spikes of the bellflower Asyneuma limonifolium at Capo d’Otranto. Dolphins and shearwaters added interest, and we enjoyed too the range of architecture from cave dwellings via trulli to cathedrals. While it was fairly windy throughout the week, for most of the time we were able to enjoy sun and pleasant temperatures. Jessica and Tom would like to thank the group members for their parts in making a very successful week.

Day 1 Saturday 14th April

Gatwick to Bari; transfer to Otranto The group met with Jessica and Tom at Gatwick Airport’s North Terminal for our 8.20am flight to Bari. It was cloudy for much of the way, but we could see the snowy Austrian Alps and the Dolomites, and we approached over the Adriatic coast, landing in hazy sunshine. We soon collected our luggage and sorted the vehicles. We then set off south towards Otranto; our route took us down the ‘Adriatic highway’ past Brindisi and round the southern town of Lecce. As we drove, we recorded many Magpies and Collared Doves and a few Swallows, while enjoying the views of the Adriatic to our left and noting all the poly-tunnels for vegetable and salad production of this region.

We stopped for a break at a service station near Lecce, where we spent some time exploring the adjacent waste ground and Olive grove. Plants included Mallow-leaved Stork’s-bill (Erodium malacoides) and the yellow- flowered Fenugreek Trigonella balansae, which was scenting the air. Other plants included Crown Daisy (Glebionis coronarium) in both colour forms – yellow and yellow-and-white, Common Poppy (Papaver rhoeas), Galactites (Galactites tomentosa), Sand Catchfly (Silene conica), Weasel-snout (Misopates orontium) and Pink Fodder Vetch (Vicia benghalensis). Butterflies included Clouded Yellow, Eastern Bath White, Small Heath and Small Copper. Italian Wall Lizards were on the path, and birds included the ubiquitous Italian Sparrow and Serin.

Refreshed, we drove round Lecce, where a Western Marsh Harrier was being mobbed by Jackdaws, and on towards Otranto. Common Buzzard, several more harriers, Black Kite and a Hoopoe were seen as we drove through the extensive Olive groves, noting how many have succumbed to the devastating bacterial infection Xylella fastigiata that is destroying the area’s Olives.

We approached the hotel through the small village of Uggiano La Chiesa, along narrow and very minor approach roads, soon arriving at Masseria Panareo. This delightful, converted farmhouse has beautiful views

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

across to the coast and is full of character. Italian Sparrows were calling from the Palm Trees outside the rooms. After a short break, we met in the bar while Jessica outlined some of the plans for the week, before enjoying a delicious dinner. As we retired to bed, Scops Owl was calling from the surrounding trees, and later Common Quail could be heard.

Day 2 Sunday 15th April

Capo d’Otranto; Otranto area Some of the group were up early to explore the environs of the hotel. A Hoopoe was calling and was seen by one of the group. We had a look at the Italian Sparrows on the roofs, and some saw a Spotted Flycatcher. Swallows and Common Kestrel were seen, and a Marsh Harrier gave excellent views. A patch of rough ground, adjacent fields and an old quarry were rather quiet, so we started looking at some of the plants, recording Honeywort (Cerinthe major), Pyramidal Orchid (Anacamptis pyramidalis) and the narrow-leaved endemic Rock-rose Helianthemum jonium.

After an excellent breakfast, we set off to explore the local area, first enjoying a fine spike of Field Gladiolus (Gladiolus italicus) on a bank by the car park. We drove north-east from the hotel, stopping after a couple of kilometres on a rise with views over the sea, to explore an area of limestone rocky meadow. Our attention was first drawn to the large numbers of Pyramidal Orchids (Anacamptis pyramidalis) in various shades of pink, amidst the yellow Jerusalem Sage (Phlomis fruticosa) and pink Hawk’s-beard (Crepis rubra). We also found Bertoloni’s Bee Orchid (Ophrys bertolonii), Small-flowered Tongue Orchid (Serapias parviflora), Pink Butterfly Orchid (Anacamptis papilionacea), Sawfly Orchid (Ophrys tenthredinifera) and a Yellow Bee Orchid (Ophrys lutea). Shrubby Thyme (Thymbra capitata) was extremely fragrant, as was Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis), the latter with small pink flowers. Other plants included the Lupin Lupinus gussonei, dark blue Tassel Hyacinth (Leopoldia comosa), tiny rosettes of Evax (Filago pygmaea), and numerous vetches including the beautiful dark-red Asparagus Pea (Lotus tetragonolobus).

A number of Lesser Kestrels were seen, and harriers were on the move, with Western Marsh, Hen and Montagu’s Harriers all recorded. Northern and Black-eared Wheatears gave good views, as did several Woodchat Shrikes, Corn Bunting, Crested Lark and Lesser Whitethroat. Two male Golden Orioles were a treat, as was a male Common Rock Thrush. Sardinian Warbler was singing and sometimes seen, Swallows and House Martins swooped low overhead, while Bee-eaters were generally higher. Butterflies included Eastern Bath White, Small White, Small Heath and Red Admiral, while a young Western Whip Snake was glimpsed.

Eventually we moved on, but only as far as the lighthouse at Capo d’Otranto. This is the most easterly point of mainland Italy, closer to the Albanian coast and Corfu than Naples, and is the point where the Adriatic Sea is said to join the Ionian Sea. As we pulled up, a party of about 10 Bee-eaters were perched on the wires, as were several Lesser Kestrels. We started to walk down the path towards the lighthouse. On these sheltered banks, butterflies were active, with Green-underside Blue and Wall Brown being new. We also found a single, newly emerged Italian Marbled White, resting on a grass stem. Many black Mining Bees were on the path, and we saw good numbers of Italian Wall Lizards enjoying the sun. Out to sea we saw a pod of Dolphins, probably Bottlenose, and various shearwaters, the majority being Yelkouan Shearwater. The striking Figwort Scrophularia lucida was growing on rocks, and we also saw the bellflower Asyneuma limonifolium, two plants

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Puglia in Spring Tour Report

which are special to Puglia within Italy, but which also occur across the Adriatic. We also found Swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. adriatica), Prasium (Prasium majus) and Common Sideritis (Sideritis romana).

We returned to the hotel to eat our picnic on their terrace, stopping on the way for a fine male Hen Harrier. We enjoyed a delicious lunch, including local cheeses and wine, during which a Hoopoe was seen on the tennis court. Suitably refreshed, we then drove north to Otranto, parking on the edge and taking time to explore this old town, with its Aragonese castle and ramparts, and Cathedral with a fascinating twelfth- century mosaic floor representing the tree of life. Swifts were screaming overhead, and a Cetti’s Warbler was seen as well as heard by the car park.

After a break, we met again to complete our checklists and enjoy another excellent meal. A strong wind got up during dinner but, despite this, some of the group went to listen to the Scops Owls, although they could not see the birds.

Day 3 Monday 16th April Le Cesine, Santa Foca The strong overnight wind started to ease in the grey early morning, but the birdlife (apart from the Italian Sparrows) was fairly quiet. The Quail was heard briefly.

Today we visited the area of Le Cesine, with its Olive groves, lakes, evergreen woodland and sand dunes. This lies further up the coast, so we retraced our steps past Capo d’Otranto. Our route took us past the Laghi Alimini, two adjacent lakes joined by a channel, the northern one being brackish, the southern one fresh, but they were very quiet. We reached Le Cesine and parked on a closed-off section of road, admiring the swathes of the endemic Stork’s-bill Erodium nervulosum, with its showy pink flowers. The shrubs included pink Cistus creticus, white Sage-leaved Cistus (Cistus salvifolius), Lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus), Mediterranean Buckthorn (Rhamnus alaternus) and Myrtle (Myrtus communis), while the yellow-flowered Blue Wattles (Acacia saligna), although not native, were magnificent. A Scarce Swallowtail, Brimstones and Eastern Bath Whites were recorded, and a Black Kite flew overhead. Sardinian Warblers were numerous, and Western Bonelli’s Warbler was heard.

The path went through the WWF reserve, where entry was not permitted on either side but allowed access through to the sea. We followed the path through dense woodland of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis), Eucalyptus and Evergreen Oak (Quercus ilex). Here we also noted Ivy (Hedera helix) and Smilax (Smilax aspera) among the tangled undergrowth. Further on, the path went between two lakes, where we saw Little Grebe and Coot. We started to find orchids by the path, including some magnificent specimens of Lax-flowered Orchid (Anacamptis laxiflora) and Bumblebee Orchid (Ophrys bombyliflora). Other plants included Seaside Centaury (Centaurium maritimum) and Reversed Clover (Trifolium resupinatum). Many Italian Wall Lizards were active; there were several Egyptian Grasshoppers, plus Roesel’s Bush Crickets, and we found a tiny European Pond Terrapin crossing the path. We later saw several adults on a branch in the water. Unfortunately, we reached a point where the path between the lakes was submerged to a considerable depth, so we were unable to reach the shore, and had to turn round. We saw two distant Squacco Herons in a low tree; a large falcon flew over showing the characteristic colouring of Lanner Falcon, and several flocks of Bee-eaters were seen.

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

We made our way back to the vehicles and enjoyed another fine picnic in the shade of the Olive trees, while we continued to enjoy the area. Several Cleopatra butterflies were noted, and Tom found the strange-looking nymph of the Conehead-type mantid Empusa fasciata. Some areas under the Olives were bright with Common Poppies (Papaver rhoeas), Crown Daisy in both colour forms, and Corn Marigold (Glebionis coronarium and G. segetum), the latter allowing comparison of these similar species.

We drove up to the small resort of San Cataldo, where we had refreshments by the sea and some folk paddled and enjoyed beachcombing. Returning south, we made a stop at and area of beach north of Santa Foca. Here, we explored the road verge and the shore. We found the afternoon-flowering Barbary Nut (Moraea sisyrinchium) and some spikes of the Apulian Bee Orchid (Ophrys fuciflora subsp. apulica). On the sandy beach edge, we recorded Silene colorata, Sea Medick (Medicago maritima) and Sea Stock (Matthiola sinuata) and some fine and sturdy spikes of Common Broomrape (Orobanche minor). We also noted the strange balls (egagropili) which are composed of the compressed leaf-bases of the Neptune-grass (Posidonia oceanica).

Once past Otranto, many harriers were seen, and a flock of Bee-eaters flew at eye-level alongside the bus, looking glorious in the evening light. The Scops Owls continued their chorus at night, with several males and a female being recognised by calls, and one was seen in flight.

Day 4 Tuesday 17th April Transfer to Crispiano Today we had to say goodbye to the Masseria Panareo and the Salento region of Puglia. Those out early had excellent views of a roosting Scops Owl – presumably the female as the bird was in the same tree as the night before. Later, a male was heard, in broad daylight. They also had excellent scoped views of two Hoopoes, plus a third individual, a Sedge Warbler, and a distant, but clearly visible, Lanner Falcon.

After breakfast, we loaded the vehicles and set off, stopping briefly at the Capo d’Otranto in the morning sun. A flock of Bee-eaters and several harriers were seen, including a fine male Hen Harrier. The sea was mirror-calm, and groups of shearwaters were close in to shore. Most were Scopoli’s Shearwaters, their larger size and slower wing-beats being apparent as a party of Yelkouan Shearwaters flew past. Also, a Risso’s Dolphin was spotted.

After a final chance to enjoy the sea, we continued our journey north. Our route took us to Brindisi and down to Taranto, with a break for coffee and fuel. We skirted the edge of Taranto, taking the road towards Martina Franca, and then cutting across to our second hotel, the Parco delle Querce, near Crispiano. The hotel is set in the midst of many acres of woodland and scrub, accessed along a long drive.

We arrived at about 1pm, to a very warm welcome from Cosimo, the owner, and Vincenzo, Chiara and Mariella, on reception. Swallows were swooping about the courtyard, nesting over the rooms. We had our picnic in the hotel courtyard, with welcome-gifts of warm, freshly baked bread and jugs of wine. Once we had settled into our rooms, we headed out to explore.

The land around the hotel was a treasure-trove of plants, especially orchids, and we were soon getting our eyes in for them. While we were able to identify many species, many of the specimens of Ophrys showed

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considerable variation and signs of hybridisation; the genus is an example of evolution in action as many will hybridise readily, showing intermediate characteristics. However, we found particularly magnificent stands of Bertoloni’s Bee Orchid (Ophrys bertolonii), Apulian Orchid (Ophrys fuciflora subsp. apulica) and Naked Man Orchids (Orchis italica), plus Yellow Bee Orchid (Ophrys lutea) and Dark Ophrys (Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata), including many ‘not quite pure’ forms. Green-winged Orchid was present as Anacamptis morio subsp. picta, with sparse, folded back flowers, sometimes white, together with Pink Butterfly Orchid (Anacamptis papilionacea) and a hybrid between them, Anacamptis x gennarii. We also recorded a variety of Tongue Orchids, including ‘Common’, Plough-share and Small-flowered (Serapias lingua, S.vomeracea and S. parviflora). Apart from the masses of orchids, we enjoyed many other species, including Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum), the bright yellow Spiny Broom (Calicotome infesta) and some delicate Anemone hortensis in different shades of pink. The birds were fairly quiet, but Subalpine Warbler was heard and glimpsed. There were many Italian Wall Lizards, and we also saw Western Green Lizard, Moorish Gecko and two Western Whip Snakes of the Italian black ‘carbonarius’ variant. We wandered until we were weary and sated. After a break, we met to update our lists before a delicious dinner of local produce.

Day 5 Wednesday 18th April

Matera Today dawned fine, but still with a noticeable northerly wind. A small group was out before breakfast, hearing Sardinian and Subalpine Warblers and Golden Oriole, but most birds were rather elusive. Today our destination was Matera, just over the Province border in Basilicata. This ancient town has the longest record of recorded habitation after Petra in Jordan, and one can see the layers of dwellings from the ancient caves, some of which were occupied until the 1950’s, and some now being done up as hotel accommodation, with more modern houses on top. We took a route north-westwards, seeing a fine ‘ring-tail (female or juvenile) Montagu’s Harrier and a number of Lesser Kestrels en route.

On the outskirts of Matera, we turned up the steep road onto the steppe plateau that borders the main gorge or gravina, stopping at the Belvedere. Here we had stunning views of the ancient part of the city. Plants here included the colourful mauve Stock (Matthiola fruticulosa), bright blue flax Linum austriacum subsp. tommasinii, Golden Alyssum (Aurinia saxatilis), Corn Mignonette (Reseda phyteuma), more Yellow and Dark Ophrys and a single Toothed Orchid (Neotinea tridentata). Crested Larks were singing their short snatches of song. We then moved down to the Visitor Centre, where it was more sheltered. We walked from here towards the Neolithic village remains, finding more Bertoloni’s Bee Orchid. We also found Man Orchid (Orchis anthropophora), Sawfly Orchid (Ophrys tenthredinifera), Lizard Orchid (Himantoglossum hircinum), sadly still only in bud, Silver Sage (Salvia argentea) and Anchusa (Anchusa hybrid subsp. undulata). Butterflies were active, with many Swallowtails, Eastern Bath Whites, Wall Browns, some nice Baton Blues, Common Blue and a Mallow Skipper being noted. We also found several ‘nests’ of the caterpillars of the Lackey-type moth Malacosoma franconia.

After a look round the Visitor Centre, we drove in to the city of Matera. Having parked near the railway station, we found a café in a square for our lunch before the group had time to explore at leisure. Most headed for the maze of narrow streets and steps which make up the sassi, the old area of town. Some visited one of the cave churches, while others visited the Cathedral and marvelled at the architecture, hidden corners and views across to where we had been earlier, and several of us sampled a genuine gelato. Lesser Kestrels

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

were everywhere, overhead and perched on the buildings. All too soon, it was time to reconvene for our journey back home.

Day 6 Thursday 19th April

Laterza A sighting of four Golden Orioles and a Montagu’s Harrier were the highlights for the early birders.

Today, we visited the gravina at Laterza, run as a LIPU reserve (the Italian equivalent of our RSPB). While it was still quite windy, today dawned bright and sunny. After breakfast, we retraced out route of the previous day, seeing a flock of Bee-eaters and a Hoopoe. We turned off just before the Basilicata border, and skirted the town to reach the visitor centre. We were given some maps of the area and information about its key species (including a single Egyptian Vulture), and we set off to walk along the edge of the gorge, enjoying the stunning scenery. Early sightings included a magnificent Black Stork, which nests in the gorge, and Red Kite, Black Kite, Common Buzzard, Montagu’s Harrier and Lesser Kestrel.

The taller vegetation included Macedonian Oak (Quercus trojana), False Senna (Coronilla emerus), Montpellier Maple (Acer monspessulanus) and Prickly Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus), and the Narrow-leaved Cistus (Cistus monspessulanus) was starting to show its small white flowers. A large (relatively speaking) Moorish Gecko was in a rock crevice. Butterflies today included Scarce Swallowtail, Swallowtail, Painted Lady, Baton Blue, Green Hairstreak, Mallow Skipper, Clouded Yellow, Small Heath and Wall Brown. We started finding orchids, including the species we had seen previously, with some particularly fine Sawfly Orchids (Ophrys tenthredinifera) and Pink Butterfly Orchids (Anacamptis papilionacea), and just a couple of the new-for-the-trip Small-patterned Orchid (Ophrys parvimaculata). We also noted the feathery structure of the endemic grass Stipa austroitalica, and also the soft ‘thistle’ Jurinea mollis.

We had our lunch overlooking the gorge, enjoying further excellent views of Black Stork, this time a pair flying overhead. Eventually we started to retrace our steps back to the vehicles. Following some refreshments, we had a good journey home after another fascinating day. This evening our starter included a local speciality ham from Martina Franca (just up the road), and we celebrated Michael’s birthday with a cake and a tart baked specially by Chiara and Vincenzo.

Day 7 Friday 20th April

Bosco delle Pianelle; local trulli We woke to another beautiful morning, with the weather hot and sunny for the day. Those out early saw the Subalpine Warbler and heard our first Nightingale of the trip. Our final day in the field was spent more locally, exploring the wooded collapsed cavern or doline, that is Bosco delle Pianelle. After another excellent breakfast we drove the short distance to the wood, finding maps and guides in the Visitor Centre. We then drove a little further to park at the start of our path down a rough track. We walked along the path into the wood, noting among the plants Bifid Deadnettle (Lamium bifidum) and Purple Gromwell (Buglossoides purpurocaeruleum) with rich-blue flowers. As we entered the wood, the predominant trees were Holm Oak (Quercus ilex), so there was little bird life other than Jays.

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We took the path upwards to the Trullo Grande, an abandoned cottage consisting mainly of a trullo with its conical roof. In the open meadow around we found many spikes of Green-winged Orchids (Anacamptis morio), including some pure white ones with the green veins showing clearly. There were also a good number of Pink Butterfly Orchids and several spikes of the hybrid Anacamptis x gennarii. We also found clumps of the Birthwort Aristolochia rotunda with several Southern Festoon butterflies (for which it is the food plant of the caterpillars). Other butterflies included Swallowtail, Small Copper, many Cleopatras and Small Heaths.

We then followed the path gently down into the bottom of the doline, through Holm Oak and then, as we got deeper and the air more humid, Eastern Hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis). There were many Cyclamen leaves, but they were all of the autumn-flowering Cyclamen hederifolium. Here, where it was damper, we started noting ferns and mosses, especially Rustyback (Ceterach officinarum), and Irish and Maidenhair Spleenworts (Asplenium onopteris and A. trichomanes). As we walked through the deciduous woodland we heard Blue and Great Tits, Blackbird and Western Bonelli’s Warbler, amongst the birds. We reached a venerable old Holm Oak tree in a bit of a clearing, where we had a break. From here, some of the group retraced their steps, while others climbed the road with hairpin bends, taking the path to a viewpoint out over the wooded gorge, noting Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo), Flowering Ash (Fraxinus ornus), several Orange Tip and Cleopatra butterflies and a dead Leopard Snake, a species found mainly in Greece, but just in southern Italy. An adventurous three then walked the rest of the circuit of footpath 5c on the map, reporting a number of orchids and a beautiful Red Admiral. Those who had gone back earlier reported a fly-over Raven and many butterflies on the sunny bank near the vehicles, including Holly and Chapman’s Blues, Brown Argus and other species.

We reconvened at the vehicles for our last delicious picnic, choosing sun or the shade of trees. We then returned to the hotel by a more northerly route, stopping to admire and photograph some trulli. While we were stopped, we also discovered a delightfully colourful field full of ‘weeds’ such as Large Venus’s Looking- glass (Legousia speculum-veneris), Field Marigold (Calendula arvensis), Poppies (Papaver rhoeas) and some Dark Grape Hyacinths (Muscari neglectum). A second stop for a collection of trulli used as farm-storage buildings rather than accommodation, gave us a new orchid species in Late Spider Orchid (Ophrys fuciflora) and the pink- flowered Fedia (Fedia cornucopiae).

On our return to the hotel, we had some free time for further exploration, photography or ‘chilling’, with Tom taking this literally and braving the very chilly swimming pool, before meeting for a last update of the lists, discussion and our final dinner together. The hotel gave us a special meal with candles on the table and an extra course, as a farewell.

Day 8 Saturday 21st April

Bari to Gatwick and home After breakfast, we loaded the vehicles, took a couple of group photographs and said our farewells to Cosimo, Vincenzo, Chiara and Mariella at Parco delle Querce. We had a good journey up to Bari, half the group seeing two Cuckoos in flight, plus more Lesser Kestrels and some wonderful fields of flowers en route. After a break to buy fuel, we arrived at the airport and checked in. Our flight was slightly delayed, but we made good time and arrived back in the UK ahead of schedule. After we had collected our luggage, we said our farewells, and the second trip to Puglia in Spring reached its conclusion, leaving us with many memories and photographs of this beautiful and fascinating area.

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

Species Lists

Plants (This list has been updated according to 'The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) based on DNA analysis) Scientific name Common name Location

PTERIDOPHYTES FERNS & ALLIES Leptosporangiate Ferns True Ferns Aspleniaceae Spleenwort family Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Black Spleenwort Bosco delle Pianelle Asplenium ceterach Rustyback Capo d'Otranto, Bosco delle Pianelle Asplenium onopteris Irish Spleenwort Bosco delle Pianelle Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort Bosco delle Pianelle

Dennstaeditiaceae Bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Roadsides day 3

Polypodiaceae Polypody Family Polypodium interjectum Intermediate Polypody Bosco delle Pianelle

Pteridaceae Ribbon Fern Family Adiantum capillus-veneris Maidenhair Fern

GYMNOSPERMS CONIFERS Cupressaceae Juniper Family Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress Planted Juniperus oxycedrus Prickly Juniper Laterza Gorge Juniperus phoenicea Phoenicean Juniper Masseria Panareo

Pinaceae Pine Family Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine Le Cesine Pinus pinaster Maritime Pine Trulli stop (large cones) Pinus pinea Stone or Umbrella Pine Roadsides

ANGIOSPERMS FLOWERING PLANTS Pre-dicots Primitive Angiosperms Aristolochiaceae Birthwort Family Aristolochia rotunda A Birthwort Parco delle Querce

Lauraceae Laurel Family Laurus nobilis Bay Laurel Laterza Gorge

Eu-dicots True Dicotyledons Acanthaceae Bear's-breech Family Acanthus mollis Bear's-breech Laterza Visitor Centre

Adoxaceae Moschatel Family Viburnum tinus Laurustinus Bari Airport

Aizoaceae Dew-plant Family Carpobrotus acinaciformis Sally-my-handsome Santa Foca Carpobrotus edulis Hottentot Fig Santa Foca

Amaranthaceae Amaranth Family Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima Sea-beet Le Cesine Suaeda vera Shrubby Sea-blite Le Cesine

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Scientific name Common name Location

Anacardiaceae Sumach Family Pistacia lentiscus Lentisk Common shrub in area Pistacia terebinthus Turpentine Tree Laterza Gorge

Apiaceae Carrot Family Daucus carota Wild Carrot Near Capo d'Otranto Elaeoselinum asclepium Elaeoselinum Matera leaves Eryngium campestre Field Eryngo Laterza Gorge Eryngium maritimum Sea Holly Santa Foca Ferrula communis Giant Fennel Roadsides Foeniculum vulgare Common Fennel Capo d'Otranto Oenanthe fistulosa Tubular Water-dropwort Le Cesine leaves Orlaya daucoides Near Capo d'Otranto Scandix pecten-veneris Shepherd’s Needles Le Cesine Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders Otranto Tordylium apulum Tordylium Parco delle Querce

Apocynaceae Periwinkle Family Vinca difformis Intermediate Periwinkle Roadsides Vinca major Periwinkle Roadsides Vincetoxicum hirundinaria subsp. a Swallow-wort adriaticum Capo d'Otranto

Aralaceae Ivy Family Hedera helix Ivy Le Cesine

Betulaceae Birch Family Carpinus orientalis Eastern Hornbeam Laterza Gorge, Bosco delle Pianelle

Boraginaceae Forget-me-not Family Alkanna tinctoria (lehmanii) Dyer’s Alkanet Near Capo d'Otranto Anchusa undulata subsp. hybrida - Matera Borago officinalis Borage Otranto car park Buglossoides (L.) purpurocaerulea Purple Gromwell Bosco delle Pianelle Cerinthe major Honeywort Capo d'Otranto Echium platagineum Purple Viper's-bugloss Near Capo d'Otranto Echium vulgare Viper's-bugloss Near Capo d'Otranto Myosotis ramosissima Early Forget-me-not Bosco delle Pianelle

Brassicaceae Cabbage Family Aurinia (Alyssum) saxatile Yellow Alyssum Matera Arabis verna Spring Rock-cress Bosco delle Pianelle Biscutella didyma Biscutella Laterza Gorge Bunias erucago Bunias Lecce Services Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s-purse Matera Erysimum crassistylum A Treacle-mustard Matera Isatis tinctoria Woad Roadsides Lepidium draba Hoary Cress Matera Matthiola fruticulosa - Matera Matthiola sinuata Sea Stock Santa Foca Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish Otranto Sinapis alba Charlock Scattered weed Sinapis arvensis White Mustard Scattered weed

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

Scientific name Common name Location

Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard Scattered weed

Cactaceae Cactus Family Opuntia ficus-indica Prickly Pear Common, naturalised

Campanulaceae Bellflower Family Asyneuma limonifolium - Capo d'Otranto Legousia speculum-veneris Large Venus’s Looking Glass Trulli stop field

Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family Centranthus calcitrapa Annual Valerian Laterza Gorge Centranthus ruber Red Valerian Matera Dipsacus fullonum Wild Teasel Laterza Gorge Fedia cornucopiae Fedia Trulli stop Knautia arvensis Field Scabious Laterza Gorge Knautia integrifolia a Scabious Capo d'Otranto Valerianella agg. Cornsalad Common

Caryophyllaceae Pink Family Minuartia hybrida A Sandwort Laterza Gorge Minuartia verna Matera Petrorhagia dubia A Childing Pink Lecce Services Silene colorata - Santa Foca Silene conica Sand Catchfly Lecce Services Silene gallica Small-flowered Catchfly Near Capo d'Otranto Silene italica Italian Catchfly Laterza Gorge Silene latifolia White Campion Laterza Gorge Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion Parco delle Querce

Cistaceae Rock-rose Family Cistus creticus Pink Cistus Masseria Panareo Cistus monspeliensis Narrow-leaved Cistus Parco delle Querce Cistus salvifolius Sage-leaved Cistus Masseria Panareo Fumana thymifolia Thyme-leaved Fumana Le Cesine Helianthemum jonium* An endemic Rock-rose Masseria Panareo & elsewhere Helianthemum oelandicum subsp Hoary Rockrose incanum Laterza Gorge Helianthemum salicifolium Willow-leaved Rock-rose Matera Tuberaria guttata Spotted Rock-rose

Compositae (Asteraceae) Daisy Family Anthemis arvensis Corn Chamomile Le Cesine Anthemis chia - Mear Capo d'Otranto Bellis annua Annual Daisy Le Cesine Bellis perennis Daisy Bosco delle Pianelle Bellis sylvestris Southern Daisy Bosco delle Pianelle Calendula arvensis Field Marigold Near Capo d'Otranto; Trulli stop field Carduus chrysacanthus Apennine Thistle Matera Carduus macrocephalus Parco delle Querce Crepis rubra Pink Hawk's-beard Widespread Dittrichia viscosa Woody Fleabane Le Cesine Filago (Evax) pygmaea Evax Near Capo d'Otranto Filago germanica Common Cudweed Laterza Gorge

10 © Naturetrek April 2017

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

Scientific name Common name Location

Galactites tomentosa Galactites Widespread (thistle-like) Glebionis coronarium var. coronarium Crown Daisy Widespread (yellow) Glebionis coronarium var. discolor Crown Daisy Lecce Services (2-tone flrs) Glebionis segetum Corn Marigold Le Cesine Helichrysum italicum A Curry Plant Near Capo d'Otranto Jurinea mollis a 'soft' Thistle Laterza Gorge Otanthus maritimus Cottonweed Santa Foca Pallenis spinosa Pallenis Le Cesine (leaves) Phagnalon saxatile Phagnalon Laterza Gorge Scorzonera villosa Hairy Viper’s-grass Laterza Gorge Silybum marianum Milk Thistle Matera leaves Tragopogon porrifolius Salsify Scattered Tripolium pannonicum (Aster tripolium) Sea Aster Le Cesine leaves Tyrimnus leucographus A Thistle (white markings) Bosco delle Pianelle leaves Urospermum dalechampii Urospermum Near Capo d'Otranto

Convolvulaceae Bindweed Family Convolvulus althaeoides Mallow-leaved Bindweed Roadsides

Crassulaceae Stonecrop Family Sedum forsterianum Rock Stonecrop Laterza Gorge (not in flower) Umbilicus horizontalis A Wall Pennywort Bosco delle Pianelle Umbilicus rupestris Wall Pennywort Scattered

Cucurbitaceae Cucumber family Ecballium elaterium Squirting Cucumber Brindisi Services

Ericaceae Heather Family Arbutus unedo Strawberry Tree Bosco delle Pianelle Erica multiflora Le Cesine

Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family Euphorbia characias subsp.characias Mediterranean Spurge Matera Euphorbia helioscopia Sun Spurge Common Euphorbia exigua Dwarf Spurge Le Cesine Euphorbia spinosa - Le Cesine Mercurialis annua Annual Mercury Capo d'Otranto

Fagaceae Beech Family Quercus ilex Holm Oak Le Cesine; Bosco delle Pianelle Quercus pubescens Downy Oak Bosco delle Panelle Parco delle Querce; Bosco delle Quercus trojana Macedonian Oak Pianelle

Gentianaceae Gentian Family Blackstonia perfoliata Yellow-wort Le Cesine leaves Centaurium maritimum Sea Centaury Le Cesine

Geraniaceae Crane’s-bill Family Erodium acaule Stemless Stork's-bill Near Capo d'Otranto Erodium cicutarium Common Stork’s-bill Capo d'Otranto Erodium malacoides Mallow-leaved Stork’s-bill Lecce Services Erodiun nervulosum* a Stork's-bill Le Cesine & Santa Foca

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

Scientific name Common name Location

Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Crane’s-bill Laterza Gorge Geranium lucidum Shining Crane’s-bill Bosco delle Pianelle Geranium molle Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill Capo d'Otranto Geranium purpureum Little Robin Capo d'Otranto Geranium rotundifolium Round-leaved Stork's-bill Bosco delle Pianelle Geranium sanguineum Bloody Crane’s-bill Laterza Gorge

Hypericaceae St. John's-wort Family Hypericum perforatum Perforate St. John's-wort Bosco delle Pianelle leaves

Lamiaceae Deadnettle Family Ajuga chamaepitys Ground Pine Le Cesine Lamium bifidum Bifid Dead-nettle Bosco delle Pianelle Origanum vulgare Oregano Capo d'Otranto Phlomis fruticosa Jerusalem Sage Common near Otranto Prasium majus Prasium Capo d'Otranto Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Otranto Salvia argentea Silver Sage Matera Salvia verbenaca Wild Clary Capo d'Otranto Satureja hortensis Summer Savory Near Capo d'Otranto Satureja montana Winter Savory Laterza Gorge leaves Sideritis romana Common Sideritis Capo d'Otranto Stachys cretica Mediterranean Woundwort Bosco delle Pianelle leaves Thymus spinulosus A Thyme Common near Otranto

Leguminosae (Fabaceae) Pea Family Acacia saligna Blue Wattle Le Cesine Mediterranean Kidney Vetch Anthyllis vulneraria subsp. rubriflora (Pink) Nesar Capo d'Otranto Bitumaria bituminosa Pitch Trefoil Capo d'Otranto Calycotome infesta Spiny Broom Parco delle Querce Ceratonia siliqua Carob Masseria Panareo planted Cercis siliquastrum Judas Tree Bari Airport planted Coronilla scorpioides Annual Scorpion Vetch Laterza Gorge Cytisus spinescens Spiny Hairy Broom Matera Dorycnium hirsutum Dorycnium Capo d'Otranto Hedysarum coronarium Italian Sainfoin Masseria Panareo Hippocrepis comosa Horseshoe Vetch Near Capo d'Otranto Hippocrepis emerus subsp. emeroides False Senna Laterza Gorge Hippocrepis glauca a Horseshoe Vetch Laterza Gorge Lathyrus cicera a Vetchling Lecce Services Lathyrus hybridus Hairy Yellow Vetch Near Capo d'Otranto Lathyrus ochrus Winged Vetchling (cream) Near Capo d'Otranto Lathyrus setifolius Red Grass Vetchling Matera Lotus creticus Southern Bird's-foot Trefoil Capo d'Otranto Lotus edulis Edible Lotus Parco delle Querce Lotus ornithopodioides - Near Capo d'Otranto Lotus tetragonolobus (T. purpureus) Winged or Asparagus Pea Near Capo d'Otranto Lupinus gussoneanus Near Capo d'Otranto Medicago polymorpha Toothed Medick Lecce Services Melilotus indicus Small Mellilot Bosco delle Pianelle Onobrychis aequidentata - Le Cesine Onobrychis alba subsp. echinata* a Sainfoin Matera

12 © Naturetrek April 2017

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

Scientific name Common name Location

Pisum sativum subsp. elatius Wild Pea Near Capo d'Otranto Robinia pseudacacia False Acacia Roadsides Spartium junceum Spanish Broom Parco delle Querce Trifolium arvense Hare's-foot Clover Parco delle Querce Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil Parco delle Querce Trifolium incarnatum subsp. incarnatum Crimson Clover Parco delle Querce Trifolium nigrescens A white clover Parco delle Querce Trifolium resupinatum Reversed Clover Le Cesine Trifolium stellatum Starry Clover Near Capo d'Otranto; common Trigonella balansae (T. corniculata) A Fenugreek Lecce Services Tripodion (Anthyllis) tetraphyllum Bladder Vetch Laterza Gorge Vicia benghalensis Bengal Vetch Lecce Services Vicia bithynica Bithynian Vetch Near Capo D'Otranto Vicia hybrida a Yellow Vetch Le Cesine Vicia sativa subsp. sativa a Fodder Vetch Trulli stop field Vicia villosa Fodder Vetch Roadsides

Linaceae Flax Family Linum austriacum subsp. tommasinii Matera Linum bienne Pale Flax Matera

Malvaceae Mallow Family Malva (Lavatera) arborea Tree Mallow Matera Malva cretica Cretan Mallow Capo d'Otranto Malva sylvestris Common Mallow Common

Moraceae Mulberry Family Ficus carica Fig Widely planted / naturalised

Myrtaceae Myrtle Family Myrtus communis Myrtle Capo d'Otranto

Oleaceae Olive Family Parco delle Querce; Bosco delle Fraxinus ornus Flowering Ash Pianelle Olea europaea Olive Commonly planted; scattered wild Phillyrea latifolia Broad-leaved Phillyrea Le Cesine; Laterza Gorge

Orobanchaceae Broomrape Family Bartsia (Bellardia) trixago Bellardia Parco delle Querce Orobanche amethystea Amethyst Broomrape Near Capo d'Otranto Orobanche crenata Bean Broomrape Roadsides near Capo D'Otranto Orobanche minor Common Broomrape Le Cesine Orobanche ramosa Branched Broomrape Le Cesine Parentucella latifolia Southern Red Bartsia Parco delle Querce Parentucella viscosa Yellow Bartsia Le Cesine

Oxalidaceae Wood-sorrel Family Oxalis pes-caprae Bermuda Buttercup Common weed near Bari

Papaveraceae Poppy Family Fumaria capreolata White Ramping Fumitory Capo d'Otranto Fumaria muralis Common Ramping Fumitory Near Capo d'Otranto

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

Scientific name Common name Location

Fumaria officinalis Common Fumitory Otranto Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy Fields

Plantaginaceae Plantain Family Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax Matera Linaria pelisseriana Jersey Toadflax Near Capo d'Otranto Linaria reflexa - Parco delle Querce Misopates orontium Weasel-snout Lecce Services Plantago arenaria Branched Plantain Near Capo d'Otranto Plantago lagopus Hare’s-foot Plantain Matera Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain Scattered weed Plantago major Greater Plantain Scattered weed Plantago serraria - Near Capo d'Otranto Veronica cymbalaria Cymbalaria-leaved Speedwell Bosco delle Pianelle

Polygalaceae Milkwort Family Polygala niceaaensis Nice Milkwort Near Capo d'Otranto

Polygonaceae Knotweed Family Rumex bucephalophorus Horned Dock Le Cesine

Primulaceae Primrose Family Anagallis arvensis (red & blue forms) Scarlet Pimpernel Lecce Services Anagallia arvensis subsp. foemina Blue Pimpernel Near Capo d'Otranto Cyclamen hederifolium Ivy-leaved Cyclamen Bosco delle Pianelle leaves

Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family Anemone hortensis - Parco delle Querce Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup Parco delle Querce Ranunculus millefoliatus Million-leaved Buttercup' Parco delle Querce

Resedaceae Mignonette Family Reseda alba White Mignonette Lecce Services Reseda lutea Wild Mignonette Near Capo d'Otranto Reseda phyteuma Corn Mignonette Matera

Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family Rhamnus alaternus Mediterranean Buckthorn Le Cesine Rhamnus saxatilis Rock Buckthorn Laterza Gorge

Rosaceae Rose Family Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Parco delle Querce Geum urbanum Wood Avens Bosco delle Pianelle Prunus dulcis Almond Planted Pyrus amygdaliformis Almond-leaved Pear Parco delle Querce Rosa sp. A Rose Parco delle Querce Rubus fruticosus agg Bramble Widespread Sanguisorba minor (Poterium Salad Burnet sanguisorba) Le Cesine

Rubiaceae Bedstraw Family Galium aparine Cleavers Bosco delle Pianelle Rubia peregrina Wild Madder Le Cesine

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

Scientific name Common name Location

Sherardia arvensis Field Madder Near Capo d'Otranto

Santalaceae Sandalwood Family Osyris alba Osyris Parco delle Querce

Sapindaceae Maple Family Acer monspessulanus Montpellier Maple Laterza Gorge

Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family Scrophularia lucida a Figwort Capo d'Otranto Verbascum sinuatum Wavy-leaved Mullein Capo d'Otranto leaves

Solanaceae Nightshade Family Hyoscyamus alba White Henbane Capo d'Otranto

Tamaricaceae Tamarisk Family Tamarix africana Pale Tamarisk Le Cesine Tamarix gallica Tamarisk Le Cesine

Thymelaeaceae Daphne Family Daphne gnidium Flax-leaved Daphne Widespread (not in flower)

Urticaceae Nettle Family Parientaria judaica Pellitory of the Wall Otranto

Vitaceae Grape-vine Family Vitis vinifera Grape Planted

Monocots Monocotyledons Amaryllidaceae Daffodil Family Allium roseum Rosy Garlic Near Masseria Panareo Allium subhirsutum Hairy Garlic Capo d'Otranto, Bosco delle Pianelle Allium ampeloprasum Wild Leek Santa Foca

Araceae Arum Family Arum italicum subsp. italicum Large Cuckoo Pint Le Cesine

Asparagaceae Asparagus Family Asparagus acutifolius Prickly Asparagus Near Capo d'Otranto Drimia (Urginea) maritima Sea Squill Widespread large leaves Leopoldia (Muscari) comosa Tassel Hyacinth Widespread Muscari neglectum Dark Grape Hyacinth Trulli stop field Ornithogalum angustifolium Common Star of Bethlehem Bosco delle Pianelle Ornithogalum exscapum A Star of Bethlehem Near Capo d'Otranto Ruscus aculeatus Butcher’s Broom Bosco delle Pianelle

Dioscoreaceae Yam Family Dioscorea (Tamus) communis Black Bryony Parco delle Querce

Iridaceae Iris Family Gladiolus italicus Field Gladiolus Masseria Panareo ans fields Hermodactylus tuberosus Widow or Snake’s-head Iris Laterza Gorge in seed Iris pseudopumilla* - Laterza Gorge leaves

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

Scientific name Common name Location

Moraea sisyrinchium Barbary Nut Santa Foca, Laterza Gorge

Juncaceae Rush Family Luzula forsteri Southern Wood-rush Bosco delle Pianelle

Juncaginaceae Arrowgrass Family Triglochin barrelieri Le Cesine

Orchidaceae Orchid Family Note: The Orchidaceae are an evolving group, and subject to debate between 'splitters' (eg. Delforge) and 'lumpers' (eg The Pant List - Kew). This follows the latter.

Anacamptis laxiflora Lax-flowered or Jersey Orchid Le Cesine Anacamptis morio subsp. morio Green-winged Orchid Bosco delle Pianelle Anacamptis morio subsp. picta a Green-winged Orchid Parco delle Querce Anacamptis papilionacea Pink Butterfly Orchid Near Capo d'Otranto and elsewhere Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid Near Capo d'Otranto Anacamptis x gennarii (A. papilionacea x Hybrid Anacamptis morio) Parco delle Querce Himantoglossum hircinum Lizard Orchid Matera in bud Himantoglossum robertianum Giant Orchid Parco delle Querce over Neotinea (Orchis) tridentata Toothed Orchid Laterza Gorge Near Capo d'Otranto, Parco delle Ophrys bertolonii Bertoloni’s Bee Orchid Querce Ophrys bombyliflora Bumblebee Ophrys Le Cesine, Parco delle Querce Ophrys fuciflora Late Spider Orchid Trulli stop 2 Ophrys fuciflora subsp. apulica* Apulian Ophrys Parco delle Querce Ophrys fuciflora subsp. candica* Santa Foca Ophrys fuciflora subsp. parvimaculata - Laterza Gorge Ophrys lutea subsp. lutea Yellow Ophrys Near Capo d'Otranto an elsewhere Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sphegodes Early Spider Orchid Parco delle Querce O. sphegodes subsp. atrata (O. Dark Ophrys incubacea) Parco delle Querce Ophrys tenthredinifera Sawfly Ophrys Near Capo d'Otranto and elsewhere Orchis anthropophora Man Orchid Matera Orchis italica Naked Man Orchid Parco delle Querce Serapias lingua Tongue Orchid Parco delle Querce Serapias parviflora Small-flowered Tongue Orchid Parco delle Querce Serapias vomeracea Plough-share Tongue Orchid Parco delle Querce Serapias vomeracea subsp. orientalis* Parco delle Querce

Poaceae Grass Family Arundo donax Giant Reed Widespread Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal Grass Le Cesine Avena barbata Bristle Oat Le Cesine Briza media Quaking Grass Le Cesine Festuca vivipara Viviparous Fescue Bosco delle Pianelle Lagurus ovatus Hare’s-foot Grass Near Capo d'Otranto Phragmites australis Common Reed Le Cesine Stipa austroitalica* a Feather Grass Matera

Posidoniaceae Posidonia family Posidonia oceanica Posidonia or Neptune grass Egagropili (balls) beaches

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

Scientific name Common name Location

Smilaceae Smilax Family Smilax aspera Common Smilax Le Cesine

Xanthorrhoeaceae Asphodel Family Asphodeline lutea Yellow Asphodel Matera Asphodelus ramosus Common Asphodel Widespread Asphodelus fistulosus Hollow-leaved Asphodel Roadsides near Crispiano Birds

*= endemic;  = recorded but not counted; H = heard; LO = leader only; Poss = possible; C = caterpillar; N = nymph; D = dead; S = signs

April Common name Scientific name 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 Mallard Anas platyrhyncos  2 Common Quail Coturnix coturnix LOH H H H 3 Scopoli's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea  4 Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan   5 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis  6 Great Crested Grebe Pociceps cristatus  7 Black Stork Cioconia nigra 3 8 Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides 2 9 Great Egret Ardea alba LO 10 Little Egret Egretta garzetta poss 11 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo  12 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus 1 1 13 Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis 1 14 Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus     1 15 Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus       16 Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus  1    1 17 Red Kite Milvus milvus  18 Black Kite Milvus migrans      19 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo        20 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra  21 Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis    22 Rock Dove [Feral] Columba livia feral         23 Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus     24 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto         25 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus 2 26 Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops H H H 1+H 27 Common Swift Apus apus       28 European Bee-eater Merops apiaster      29 Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops 1 2 1+H 3 2 2 30 Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni   LO    31 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus         32 Lanner Falcon Falco biarmius 2 1 1 33 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus  34 Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator  35 Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus 2 H 4 36 Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius LO     37 Eyrasian Magpie Pica pica         38 Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

April Common name Scientific name 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 39 Western Jackdaw Corvus monedula         40 Hooded Crow Corvus cornix LO      41 Northern Raven Corvus corax 2 1 42 Coal Tit Periparus ater H H H 43 Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus  H  44 Great Tit Parus major H H H H  45 Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis   46 Crested Lark Galerida cristata     47 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica         48 Common House Martin Delichon urbicum         49 Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti 1+H H H H H H 50 Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus LO 51 Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus H H 52 Western Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli 1+H H 53 Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus  54 Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla H H 55 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca   56 Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis H H 57 Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans LO  H H   58 Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala    H H  59 Goldcrest Regulus regulus H 60 Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes H 61 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris        62 Common Blackbird Turdus merula  63 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata 1 64 Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos H 65 Common Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis 1 or 2 66 Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius H 67 Whinchat Saxicola rubetra  68 Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe    69 Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica 4+  70 Italian Sparrow Passer italiae         71 White Wagtail Motacilla alba  LO 72 Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis   73 Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs H  74 European Greenfinch Chloris chloris H 75 European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis         76 European Serin Serinus serinus  H H 77 Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra     78 Rock Bunting Emberiza cia poss 79 Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus LO

Mammals

1 Common Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus  2 Risso's Dolphin Grampus griseus  3 Roman Mole Talpa romana S 4 Wild Boar Sus scrofa S

Reptiles & Amphibians:

1 Italian Pool Frog Pelophylax (Rana) bergeri H H 2 European Pond Terrapin Emys orbicularis 6

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

April Common name Scientific name 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 3 Moorish Gecko Tarentola mauritanica 1 1 4 Western Green Lizard Lacerta bilineata 1 5 Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula         6 Western Whip Snake Coluber viridiflavus 1 2 1 1 7 Leopard Snake Zamenis situla D

Butterflies

1 Scarce Swallowtail Iphicides podalirius   2 Swallowtail Papilio machaon    3 Southern Festoon Zerynthia polyxena   4 Large White Pieris brassicae   5 Small White Pieris rapae       6 Southern Small White Pieris mannii  7 Eastern Bath White Pontia edusa       8 Orange Tip Anthocharis cardamines    9 Clouded Yellow Colias crocea       10 Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni   11 Cleopatra Gonepteryx cleopatra     12 Green Hairstreak Callophrys rubi     13 Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas    14 Little Blue Cupido minimus  15 Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus  16 Green-underside Blue Glaucopsyche alexis  17 Baton Blue Pseudophilotes baton  18 Brown Argus Aricia agestis   19 Chapman's Blue Agrodiaetus thersites  20 Common Blue Polyommatus icarus     21 Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae  22 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta     23 Painted Lady Vanessa cardui    24 Glanville Fritillary Melitaea cinxia poss 25 Wall Brown Lasiommata megera       26 Large Wall Brown Lasiommata maera  27 Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus        28 Italian Marbled White Melanargia arge   29 Mallow Skipper Carcharodus alceae  

Micro Moths

Scarce Crimson & Gold, Pyrausta sanguinalis, X

Macro Moths

Franconian Lackey, Malacosoma franconica, C Grass Eggar, Lasiocampa trifolii, C Yellow Belle, Aspitates ochrearia Humming-bird Hawk-moth, Macroglossum stellatum Ragusa's Nine-spotted , Amata kruegeri

Other Invertebrates

Roesel's Bush Cricket, Metriooptera roesellii Egyptian Grasshopper, Anacridium aegyptium A Conehead or Empusid Mantis, Empusa fasciata, N Gendarme Bug, Lygaeus sp. Froghopper (Black & red), Cercopis vulnerata Bee Fly, Bombylius major

Puglia in Spring Tour Report

A Bee Fly, Bombylius sp. Potter Wasp, Eumenidae sp. Hornet , Vespa sp Tawny Mining Bee , Andrena fulva A black Mining Bee, Adrena pilipes Carpenter Beeylocopa violacea Buff-tailed Bumblebee, Bombus terrestris Rose Chafer, Cetonia aurata. A Chafer beetle, Oxythyria funesta Yellow-haired Barbary Bug, Tropinota squalida Bloody-nosed Beetle, Timarcha tenebricosa

Gastropod Molluscs

Roman Snail, Helix pomatia

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Pink Butterfly Orchids by Jessica Turner Scarce Swallowtail by Jessica Turner

Trullo by Tom Ambrose