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Aquaculture and Forestry Activities in Binh Dai District, Ben Tre Province, Vietnam

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Aquaculture and Forestry Activities in Binh Dai District, Ben Tre Province, Vietnam Aquaculture and Forestry Activities in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre Province, VIETNAM ANH Kim, BOSMA H. Roel, TRAN T.P. Ha, LIGTENBERG Arend, VAN P.D. Tri, BREGT Arnold. April 2016. MONOGRAPH on Aquaculture and Forestry Activities in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre Province, Vietnam This monograph was produced for ALEGAMS, a collaborative project of the School of Social Sciences & Humanities (SSSH) and the College of Environment and Natural Resources (CENRes), both of Can Tho University (CTU), the Laboratory of Geo-Information Science & Remote Sensing (GRS) and the Aquaculture & Fisheries group (AFI), both of Wageningen University & Research, and IUCN. ALEGAMS is funded by the two Universities, Mangrove for the Future and the Netherlands Science Foundation’s Food & Business Global Challenges Program. ALEGAMS stands for Assessing the Learning Effects of Games on Attitude of Stakeholders towards Sustainable Shrimp Farming in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. To be cited as: ANH Kim, BOSMA H. Roel, TRAN T.P. Ha, LIGTENBERG Arend, VAN P.D. Tri, BREGT Arnold, 2016. Aquaculture and Forestry Activities in Binh Dai district, Ben Tre Province, Vietnam. ALEGAMS project, IUCN-Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Photo on cover: Jan Jansen (MBI) i Table of Contents 1. Ben Tre province ........................................................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.2. Land use and Aquaculture ........................................................................ 2 2. Binh Dai district ............................................................................................. 6 2.1. Geography location .................................................................................. 6 2.2. Demography ............................................................................................. 6 2.3. Land use and aquaculture area ................................................................. 8 2.4. Fishery sector production ....................................................................... 10 2.5. Shrimp farming in Binh Dai district ....................................................... 11 2.5.1. Shrimp production systems ................................................................. 11 2.5.1.Electrical power system ........................................................................ 12 2.5.2.Irrigation system ................................................................................... 12 2.5.3.Traffic system ....................................................................................... 12 2.5.4.Shrimp disease ...................................................................................... 13 2.5.5.Planning ................................................................................................ 13 3. Conclusion .................................................................................................... 15 ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Brackish water shrimp area of Ben Tre (ha) .................................................... 4 Table 2: The different shrimp farm areas in 2014 of Thanh Phuoc, Thoi Thuan, and Thua Duc communes of Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province. ....................... 8 Table 3: Seasonal calendar of three intensive aquaculture systems in Ben Tre province ....................................................................................................................... 11 Table 4: The brackish water shrimp areas of Binh Dai ravaged by diseases from 2008 to 2013 ........................................................................................................... 13 Table 5: Planning of the Aquaculture area in Binh Dai district to 2020 (ha) .............. 14 Table 6: Planning of aquaculture production in Binh Dai district to 2020 (in Tonnes) ....................................................................................................................... 14 Table 7: Planning of Aquaculture area to 2020 (ha) .................................................... 16 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Administrative Map of Ben Tre province ....................................................... 1 Figure 2: Poverty rate in Ben Tre province from 2005 to 2013 ..................................... 2 Figure 3: The distribution of land-use in Ben Tre province (Source: ............................ 2 Figure 4: Area of aquaculture in Ben Tre province between 2005 and 2013 ............... 3 Figure 5: Production of shrimp in Ben Tre province ..................................................... 4 Figure 7: Current area of forest by type of forest ........................................................... 5 Figure 8: Average population of Binh Dai district from 2010 to 2013 .......................... 6 Figure 10: Distribution of land-use (no-aquaculture) in Binh Dai district in 2013 ........ 8 Figure 9: Administrative Map of Binh Dai district, Ben Tre province .......................... 7 Figure 11: Area of aquaculture in Binh Dai district ....................................................... 9 Figure 12: Forest area changes in Binh Dai district in a period of ten years . ............... 9 Figure 13: Total aquaculture production and the part for shrimp of Binh Dai district. 10 Figure 14: Production of fishery caught of Binh Dai district. ...................................... 11 Figure 15: Map of planning of aquaculture in Binh Dai district to 2020. .................... 17 iv 1. Ben Tre province 1.1. Introduction Ben Tre province is located in the south-eastern region of the Mekong Delta. The total surface area of the province is approximately 2,360 km2, with a population of over 1,262,000 people. Therefore, the population density is close to 535 person/km2. Ben Tre city has the highest density - 1,690 person/km2 - while the second lowest is in Binh Dai district, with roughly 312 person/km2. Ben Tre province has nine districts: Ben Tre city, Chau Thanh, Cho Lach, Mo Cay Nam, Mo Cay Bac, Giong Trom, Binh Dai, Ba Tri and Thanh Phu (Figure 1). The last three are the coastal districts. As of 2012, the monthly average income in the province was 1,600,000 VND/person. In urban areas, this amount is considerably higher than in rural areas, with urban areas having an average income of 2,200,000 VND/person compared to 1,500,000 VND/person in rural areas. Since 2005, the poverty rate of Ben Tre province has dropped considerably; starting at just over 20% it has improved to 8.6% in 2013 (Figure 2). Figure 1: Administrative Map of Ben Tre province 1 20.02% 17.74% 15.58% 13.05% 12.63% 11.58% 10.15% 10.65% 8.59% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Figure 2: Poverty rate in Ben Tre province from 2005 to 2013 Source: Statistical yearbook of Ben Tre, 2013. 1.2. Land use and Aquaculture 1.2.1. Land use Over three-quarters of the land in Ben Tre province is used for food production1 (Figure 3). Approximately 11.3% is surface water and 3% is forest. Roughly 61% of the land is used for farming, including aquaculture. Small areas of land are also used for salt production or other agricultural purposes and unused land accounts for 0.9%. Other agricultural purposes relate mainly to buildings used for livestock housing. Almost 24% of the land in Ben Tre is used for non-agricultural activities. Figure 3: The distribution of land-use in Ben Tre province 1 Or Agriculture production land referring to the land used for agriculture, including aquaculture. 2 1.2.1. Aquaculture Since 2005, the area used for shrimp farming has remained high in comparison to the area used for fish farming and other aquatic products (Figure 4). The area of shrimp farming accounted for just under 34,000 ha in 2005, then saw a slight drop to approximately 33,000 ha in 2010. This figure then increased to approximately 36,000 ha in 2013, the highest it has been recorded over this period. In 2013, the area used for brackish water shrimp farming reached 31,454 ha in Ben Tre, therefore accounting for 77% of the total area of the provincial aquaculture. Within this sector, the area of tiger shrimp, P. monodon, accounted for around 83% (26,053 ha) of this, while the area of white leg shrimp, L. vannamei, was just over 17% (5,396 ha) (Figure 4). 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 Ha 15000 10000 5000 0 Shrimp Fish Other aquatic 2005 2010 2013 Figure 4: Area of aquaculture in Ben Tre province between 2005 and 2013 Shrimp of Brackish water From 2008 to 2013, the area used for brackish water shrimp farming in Ben Tre province increased by on 0.6% per year. This increase is due to the introduction of L. vannamei, of which the area used to farm this species has increased by over 5,000 ha in five years, at a rate of about 30% increase per year. While the area for L. vannamei farming increased at 30% per year, the P. monodon farming area dropped at about the same rate (Table 1). The area used for extensive and improved-extensive systems dropped slightly by approximately 0.3% per year (Table 1). In recent years, the structure of intensive and semi-intensive shrimp systems has shifted from P. monodon to L. vannamei because of the various advantages of farming L. vannamei over P. monodon. Firstly, the farming time of L. vannamei is shorter (2.5 to 3 months), therefore allowing farmers to harvest and reinvest quickly. Secondly, the production of shrimp is higher with the L. vannamei due to the high density of the species. Additionally, L. vannamei thrives more than P. monodon in water with a low salinity and farmers can
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