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SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM BENTRE PROVINCIAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE BEN TRE WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT (B-SWAMP) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT REPORT 2016 SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM BENTRE PROVINCIAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE ========================= BEN TRE WATER MANAGEMENT PROJECT (B-SWAMP) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT REPORT Hydraulic Project Investment and Resources and Environmental Construction Management Board Development Joint Stock No. 9 Company 2016 Ben Tre Water Management Project (JICA 3) – EIA Report ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 0 BOD5 : Biological oxygen demand measured at 20 C for 5 days CC : Climate Change COD : Chemical oxygen demand CPC : Communal People’s Committee DARD : Department of Agriculture and Rural Development DO : Dissolved oxygen DONRE : Department of Natural Resources and Environment EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment FAO : Food and Agriculture Organization FS : Feasibility Study HEC-2 : Hydraulic Enginieering Consultants Coorporation No.II ICMB 9 Hydraulic Project Investment and Construction - Management Board No. 9 JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency MARD : Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MONRE : Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment PPC : Provincial People’s Committee TDS : Total Dissolved Solids TSS : Total Suspended Solids WHO : World Health Organization Introduction 1 Ben Tre Water Management Project (JICA 3) – EIA Report INTRODUCTION 1. ORIGIN OF THE PROJECT The Mekong Delta is known as the Rice Bowl of Vietnam, producing more than half of the total rice paddy production of the country. Not only the rice, but also plenty of other products, such as fruits, coconuts, and vegetables, are also produced in the delta. However, the Mekong Delta is considered to be vulnerable against climate change, such as severe flooding in the rainy season and saline water intrusion in the dry season, which have been caused by a sea level rise. The sea rise measurement shows an average of approximately 15 cm during the recorded period of about 30 years, from 1982 until now in coastal areas. Therefore, the areas of Mekong River tributaries are constantly facing saline water intrusion, particularly in the dry season. The residents in Ben Tre rely on water from the aforementioned river tributaries for domestic and irrigation purposes. Estuaries of these tributaries are located at the southeast parts of Ben Tre; this is why this area is one of the most affected areas by saline water intrusion in Vietnam under the climate change phenomena. Brine damage by saline instruction will widely and seriously spread into Ben Tre Province; the high level of salinity is expected and it will cause serious damages at not only the paddy fields in the central areas, but also the fruit farms widely developed in the upstream areas. In fact, the damage cost was estimated as the highest among 7 coastal provinces based on the saline water intrusion simulation reported in the former JICA study on ‘the Project for Climate Change Adaptation for Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development in the Coastal Mekong Delta’ in April 2013 (JICA Study (2013). Under the such circumstances, the Vietnamese government has established ‘Ben Tre Province Water Management Plan for 2020’, which is the policy for preventing saline intrusion mainly composed of structural measures represented by sluice gate construction. Based on the plan, series of sluice gates have been constructed from the downstream side. The Ba Lai sluice gate construction was implemented in 2002, which is located at Ba Lai River; one of the main tributaries of the Mekong River. The Vietnamese government plans not to stop sluice gate construction and has capacity to incur budget for small scale sluice gate but there will be difficulty to arrange budget for large scale sluice gate construction. This is because the Vietnamese government requested JICA a technical assistance for large scale sluice gate project plan formulation. On the basis of the approved plan and constructed irrigation system, the consulting agency has carried out researches for proposals of an additional 11 headworks of 4 different sub-projects based on the importance and effects of the sluicegates on salinity prevention, namely An Hoa, Thu Cuu, Ben Tre, Ben Ro, Tan Phu sluicegates of the North Ben Tre irrigation system; Cai Quao sluicegate of the Cai Quao irrigation system; Mo Cay Bac and Mocay Nam sluicegates of the Mo Cay Nam and Cho Lach projects; Vung Liem, Bong Bot, Tan Dinh sluicegates of the North Mang Thit sub-project requiring urgent investment in the period 2012 ÷ 2020; this is commonly known as North Ben Tre irrigation Project. Introduction 2 Ben Tre Water Management Project (JICA 3) – EIA Report A series of discussions and meetings were made among MARD, PPC, and JICA. As the results of the discussions and meetings, it was agreed in February 2015 to carry out a preparatory survey for the purpose of examination on the development plan of sluice gates and related structures against the impact of climate change. With this background, the Preparatory Survey for the Ben Tre Water Management Project in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam was commenced at the beginning of August, 2015 and proposed for construction of sluice gates at 8 locations (5 sluice gates in North Ben Tre and 3 ones in South Ben Tre) and monitoring devices. The project is known as “Ben Tre Water Management Project” EIA report of North Ben Tre irrigation project was approved at decision no 3096/QĐ-BTNMT dated 27/12/2014 by Minister of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. To be consistent with changes in the project scope in only Ben Tre Province, and many environmental changes in past two years in Ben Tre, as well as additional requirements in criteria for environmental consideration of JICA than Vietnam, so the EIA report of the project should be reviewed and updated. Agency authorized for approving the investment project: - Name: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) - Address: No. 2, Ngoc Ha, Ba Dinh, Hanoi. Relations of the project and the development planning: The government has approved two major strategic programs: The National Target Program (2008) to respond to climate change proposed by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE); and Irrigation Development Strategy until 2020 proposed by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). Both strategies focus on the Mekong Delta, because this region will remain a major national center for food production and aquaculture. Rice plays a central role in the food consumption of the country, the Mekong Delta thus will continue to play a key role in ensuring national food security. Irrigation planning of the Mekong Delta in the 2012-2020 period and orientation towards 2050 under the Decision No. 1373/2012/QD-TTg with the aim to “complete the salinity prevention dyke system at the coastal area and along the rivers to serve the agricultural development, welfare, and aquaculture…build salinity prevention sluicegates to keep freshwater and increase freshwater supply from rivers…to promote the construction of flood control works to facilitate crop shifting and aquaculture development, etc.”. The socio-economic development program (5 year plan) and regional agricultural development strategy of MARD plan to promote the investment in irrigation sector and mitigation measures and adaptation to climate change. Overall socio-economic development planning for the provinces in the project area. This planning requires to complete the irrigation system, improve canals, build embankments combined with construction of rural roads to effectively use water resources in the area to serve production and mitigate calamities. Introduction 3 Ben Tre Water Management Project (JICA 3) – EIA Report 2. LEGAL AND TECHNICAL BASIS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EIA 2.1. Legal basis On environmental protection: - Law on Environmental Protection no 55/2014/QH13, dated 23/6/2014. - Decree No. 18/2015/NĐ-CP signed on 18/4 2011 by the Government dated 14/2/2015 providing strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection commitment; - Decree No. 19/2015/ND-CP dated 14/2/2015 by the Government on detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on environmental Protection; - Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29/5/2015 by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment; - Circular No. 16/2009/TT-BTNMT dated 07/10/2009 by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment providing national technical regulations on environment, air quality and toxic substances in ambient air environment; - Circular No. 21/2015/TT-BNN, dated 08/06/2015 by MARD on management of plant protection; - Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT, dated 06.30.2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on management of hazardous waste. - Circular No. 65/2015/TT-BTNMT, dated 21.12.2015 issuing national technical regulations on environment - regulation of surface water quality; - Decision No. 22/2006/QD-BTNMT dated 25/12/2006 by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on compliance with Vietnamese environmental standards. Regarding land resources: - Land Law No. 45/2013/ ratified by the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 29/11/2013 - Decree No. 43/2014/NĐ-CP detailing on regulations for implementation of some articles in the Land Law (effective since 01/07/2014). - Decree No.44/2014/NĐ-CP detailing land prices (effective since 01/07/2014). - Decree No. 46/QĐ-CP dated 15/5/2014 by the Government on collection of land use fees, fees for renting water surface; - Decree No. 45/QĐ-CP dated 15/5/2014 by the Government on land use fees; - Decree No. 47/QĐ-CP dated 15/5/2014 by the Government on compensation, support and resettlement when land is acquired by the state; - Circular No. 37/2014TT-BTNMT by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment dated 30/6/2014 detailing regulations on compensation, support and resettlement when land is acquired by the state; - Circular No.