PalynologicalPalynologicalSociety Society of Japan

IPC-XIIIIIOPC-IXAbstracts 195

taxonomy. 430Recenstruction

of histerical land cover change for

climate modeling

Christian H. Reick, Julia Pongratz 429Environmental changes and yegetation development of Mex Planck institutefor Meteerology, Hbmbut g, Ger?nanM the Kuril Islands in the Ho]ocene [email protected]

role ofland cover recenstructions ptdhdGR m ,LarisaA.Ganzey,TatianaA. The talk introducesto the Grebennikova, Nina I. Belyanina, Ludmila M. Mokhova for the simulation of past climates with ESMs (Earth System Models). In the first part the various biogeophysical Pacijic Geogmphicatihstitute, FLEB Rt4S Radio Street, Z and biogeechemical effects ofvegetation on climate and the 690041, Vlbdivostoh Russia, na`[email protected] carbon cycle are discussed. The second part shows how land cover change and its climatic effects are represented in Holocene climatic changes on Kuril Islands were less ESMs. The question is tackled what information land cover contrasting in comparison to the continenta1 margin and reconstructions must provide to be usefu1 in climate and large islands ofthe South Far East. The shift ofwarm and carbon cycle simulations. ESMs usually use maps of bread cold sea currents had played important role in vegetatien plant functional types of to sirmilate the land surface development, which was strengthening or mitigating the propenies that influence climate; but it is also perceivable effect of climatic changes. Considerable microclimatic that surface properties such as biomass density are directly variability was also predetemining the develepment and prescribed, In particular the necessity for a clear distinction and natural changes in vegetation is preservation of vegetative communities. Rele of refugia is between anthrepegenic especially important for developrnent ofplants. Some ofthe stressed. Finally, we show results frem the application of a relic vegetative comrnunities were preserved since Late global land cever reconstmction in paleoclimate Pleistocene cold epoch, other are relics ef the warm simulations over the last millennium. The simulation results Holocene periods. Isolation of the South Kurils was indicate that regional climate has not been altered by land important factor for vegetation development. There was use activity before the industrial era, but that the landbridge conneeted Kurils with Hokkaido in the Early atmospheric C02 concentration shows an increase 1arger Holocene. lhe disintegratien of this land into small islands than explicable by natural variability by late medieval times,

at maximal transgression, had led to the areal disiunction, Iong before the industrial Revolution. which was reflected on vegetation, The Central and North Kurils, separated by deep straits, were isolated for a long Kaywords: climate simulation, Earth System Model, carbon

time, Vegetation development went through change ofratio cycle, land use change. of areas, occupied by vegetation communities, presented in modern landscapes. Active dissemination of plants, probably, did not take place. Climatic changes did not manifest on all islands synchronously and were not similar even on the closest islands. Volcanism had played speeial 431Palynology, role, distorting the tendencies of vegetation development. vegetation and climate of latest Miocene, The most considerable shift ofvegetative zones berders to Ptiocene and Early Pleistocene sediments of the Cftspian the north took place in Helocene Climatic Optimum. The Sea: a detailed study of seyeral outcrop localities in warming on Central ancl Nonh Kurils was not pronounced, Azerbaijan alder and dwarf pine were dominating, more favorable conditions for birch forests development on Ketoy and Keith Richarcls Rasshua had existed in the end ofthe Middle - beginning of Late Holocene. Birch forests were occupying maximal KbA StratigraphicLtd., UititedKingdom, territories during Small Holocene Optimum on Simushir. 1(R@PALY. CO, Ul( Flora ofnerth islands was less diverse, than on the Central Kurils. One of the peculiarities of landscapes development A detailed palynological study has been made ofover 400 was impact ofvolcanism. Especially considerable impact of outcrop samples from the Kirmaky, Yasamal and Kura eruptiens on the development of landscapes was on Valleys in Azerbaijan. The results give a comprehensive Simushir, Ushishir, Matua, Ekarrna, Chirinketan, picture of sedimentation, vegetation and climate in the Kharimkotan, Onekotan. Such islands as Ketoy, Rasshua, Caspian Sea from the Late Miocene to the beginning ofthe contain marine Shiashkotan, where the local volcanoes were less active, Pleistocene. Late Miocene sediments for a connectien between the Caspian were, possibly, the centers of biodiversity conservation. dinocysts,evidence The impact of climatic changes on vegetation development and Para-Tethyan seas. Latest Miecene sediments are lacusnine and was more pronounced. The Little Ice Age was the last transitionalfrom marine to brackish indicated by frequent hypersaline tolerant paleoclimatic event, which influenced the development of hypersaline, islinkedto the the modern landscapes; it was pronounced on the South algae (12ismanites). The drying of the basin Kurils, where thc cooling was reinforced by the impact ef Messinian desiccation crisis, during which a deep canyon the celd Oyasio current. Grant RFBR 12-05-OOO17. was formed in the nonh and central Caspian regien.

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