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												  Sniðmát Meistaraverkefnis HÍMA ritgerð Norræn trú Að hitta skrímslið í skóginum Animal Shape-shifting, Identity, and Exile in Old Norse Religion and World-view Caroline Elizabeth Oxley Leiðbeinandi: Terry Adrian Gunnell Október 2019 Að hitta skrímslið í skóginum Animal Shape-shifting, Identity, and Exile in Old Norse Religion and World-view Caroline Elizabeth Oxley Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Leiðbeinandi: Terry Adrian Gunnell 60 einingar Félags– og mannvísindadeild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands Október, 2019 Að hitta skrímslið í skóginum Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til MA-gráðu í Norrænni trú og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Caroline Elizabeth Oxley, 2019 Prentun: Háskólaprent Reykjavík, Ísland, 2019 Caroline Oxley MA in Old Nordic Religion: Thesis Kennitala: 181291-3899 Október 2019 Abstract Að hitta skrímslið í skóginum: Animal Shape-shifting, Identity, and Exile in Old Norse Religion and World-view This thesis is a study of animal shape-shifting in Old Norse culture, considering, among other things, the related concepts of hamr, hugr, and the fylgjur (and variations on these concepts) as well as how shape-shifters appear to be associated with the wild, exile, immorality, and violence. Whether human, deities, or some other type of species, the shape-shifter can be categorized as an ambiguous and fluid figure who breaks down many typical societal borderlines including those relating to gender, biology, animal/ human, and sexual orientation. As a whole, this research project seeks to better understand the background, nature, and identity of these figures, in part by approaching the subject psychoanalytically, more specifically within the framework established by the Swiss psychoanalyst, Carl Jung, as part of his theory of archetypes.
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												  The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher RGettysburg College Faculty Books 2-2016 The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Christopher R. Fee Gettysburg College David Leeming University of Connecticut Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Folklore Commons, and the Religion Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Fee, Christopher R., and David Leeming. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother. London, England: Reaktion Press, 2016. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/books/95 This open access book is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Goddess: Myths of the Great Mother Description The Goddess is all around us: Her face is reflected in the burgeoning new growth of every ensuing spring; her power is evident in the miracle of conception and childbirth and in the newborn’s cry as it searches for the nurturing breast; we glimpse her in the alluring beauty of youth, in the incredible power of sexual attraction, in the affection of family gatherings, and in the gentle caring of loved ones as they leave the mortal world. The Goddess is with us in the everyday miracles of life, growth, and death which always have surrounded us and always will, and this ubiquity speaks to the enduring presence and changing masks of the universal power people have always recognized in their lives.
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												  An Extract from Norse Mythology by Neil Gaiman the Highest and OldestOdin An extract from Norse Mythology by Neil Gaiman The highest and oldest of all the gods is Odin. Odin knows many secrets. He gave an eye for wisdom. More than that, for knowledge of runes and for power, he sacrificed himself to himself. He hung from the world-tree, Yggdrasil, hung there for nine nights. His side was pierced by the point of a spear, which wounded him gravely. The wins clutched at him, buffeted his body as it hung. Nothing did he eat for nine days or nine nights, nothing did he drink. He was alone there, in pain, the light of his life slowly going out. He was cold, in agony, and on the point of death his sacrifice bore dark fruit: in the ecstasy of his agony he looked down, and the runes were revealed to him. He knew them, and understood them and their power. The rope broke then, and he fell, screaming, from the tree. Now he understood the magic. Now the world was his to control. Odin has many names. He is the all-father, the lord of the slain, the gallows god. He is the god of cargoes and of prisoners. He is called Grimnir and Third. He has different names in every country (for he is worshipped in different forms and in many tongues, but it is always Odin they worship.) He travels from place to place in disguise, to see the world as people see it. When he walks among us, he does so as a tall man, wearing a cloak and hat.
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												  Going to Hel: the Consequences of a Heathen LifeGoing to Hel: The Consequences of a Heathen Life by William P. Reaves © 2014 For a moral code to remain in effect in any religion, there must be consequences for not following that code. Since Heathenism has a highly developed moral code, it stands to reason that it also spoke of the consequences of leading a life in accordance with or in opposition to its own moral standards, yet according to popular belief there is no mechanism for that to happen — primarily because Snorri’s Edda doesn’t mention a court to judge the dead or any reward for leading a pious heathen life; warriors go to Valhalla and everyone else goes to Hel, a dreary, dismal place. Do the sources of Heathen belief confirm this view? Fáfnismál 10 informs us: því at einu sinni “For there is a time skal alda hverr when every man fara til heljar heðan. shall journey hence to Hel." Fáfnismál unequivocally states that all men eventually travel to Hel. It names no exceptions. Other sources confirm that in heathen times, the way and its features were well known. Gylfaginning 49 (A. Broedur tr.): “Frigg spoke, and asked who there might be among the Æsir who would fain have for his own all her love and favor: let him ride the road to Hel, and seek if he may find Baldr, and offer Hel a ransom if she will let Baldr come home to Ásgard." And later in the same narrative: “…Now this is to be told concerning Hermódr, that he rode nine nights through dark dales and deep, so that he saw not before he was come to the river Gjöll and rode onto the Gjöll-Bridge; which bridge is thatched with glittering gold.
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												  Champions of Midgard Valhalla Rules.PdfA Game by Ole Steiness An expansion for Champions of Midgard valhallaValhalla In Valhalla, fallen warriors led by the Valkyries fight alongside Odin and feast with Freyja for all eternity. Nothing is more glorious to a fallen Viking warrior than entering the halls of Valhalla. At Odin’s side and in Freyja’s field, death doesn’t seem so bad. In this expansion for Champions of Midgard, players earn sacrifice tokens for the deaths of their warriors. These sacrifices turn into opportunities for the living in the form of powerful blessings and stronger warriors ready to join your clan and aid you in your quest for glory! By defeating epic monsters in the afterlife and using the blessings of the Valkyrie, you will discover even more ways to gain glory in Midgard. Components 10 Berserker Dice 5 Leader Dice 10 Shieldwarrior Dice 1 Valhalla Board 2 Leader Boards 5 Destiny Cards 110 Sacrifice Tokens 20 Swordsmen 20 Spearmen 20 Axemen 20 Bowmen 15 Shieldwarriors 15 Berserkers 5 Burial Ground Tiles 9 Leader Ability Boards 36 Valkyrie Blessing Cards 2 Rune Cards 9 Epic Monster Cards 1 Market Stall Tile 1 Military (Trainer) 3 Champions of Midgard: Valhalla requires some additional setup from the base game version of Champions of Midgard. The setup instructions which follow are in addition to the normal setup instructions for Champions of Midgard which should still be followed precisely unless noted otherwise. Additionally, if you are playing with both the Dark Mountains and the Valhalla expansions, you should follow both sets of setup instructions in their entirety.
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												  Scandinavian Mythology, Pre-Christian Religious Beliefs of the Scandinavian PeopleScandinavian Mythology, pre-Christian religious beliefs of the Scandinavian people. The Scandinavian legends and myths about ancient heroes, gods, and the creation and destruction of the universe developed out of the original common mythology of the Germanic peoples (Ed. note: This is a common theory among Germanic scholars, who tend to believe that the Sax invented everything. The truth is that the Nordic, both Wanr & Aesr, and the Saxon (Germanic) mythology originated in, and developed from, India and the Vedas) and constitute the primary source of knowledge about ancient German mythology. Because Scandinavian mythology was transmitted and altered by medieval Christian historians, the original pagan religious beliefs, attitudes, and practices cannot be determined with certainty. Clearly, however, Scandinavian mythology developed slowly, and the relative importance of different gods and heroes varied at different times and places. Thus, the cult of Odin, chief of the gods, may have spread from western Germany to Scandinavia not long before the myths were recorded; minor gods including Ull, the fertility god Njord, and Heimdall may represent older deities who lost strength and popularity as Odin became more important. Odin, a god of war, was also associated with learning, wisdom, poetry, and magic. (ed. note: Odin associated himself with anything that made him look good.) Most information about Scandinavian mythology is preserved in the Old Norse literature (Icelandic, Swedish, and Norwegian Literature), in the Eddas and later sagas; other material appears in commentaries by the Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus and the German writer Adam of Bremen (flourished about 1075). Fragments of legends are sometimes preserved in old inscriptions and in later folklore.
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												  Guide to Norse MythologyGuide To Norse Mythology Retaining and steamed Haven wended almost rarely, though Abraham forehand his worriments redevelop. Caesar is unheedingly brannier after resurgent Sylvester executed his tamp beseechingly. Esurient Winnie implant surreptitiously. Odin was only survivors who pass by johan christian inhabitants of kvasir resulted in norse myths down under my son with yet more about norse. But odin and there is a villain at will hear grass grows on cultural transformation. Why now that evil and therehas been found in return to one of many of this power that we learn a villain. The case indeed quite possibly another format for humans and other traces, whatever happened to remove any major clans: love and listen across to. After the dates further out the same size at the slain god of. How did that heimdall was guide to that he can also responsible for two giant is guide to norse mythology; think that god. This was the primordial world where i mean big mess. His last seven days. It up a guide to norse mythology, queen of geek delivered right! He simply are lots of. Painting of the death of a guide to submit their spirits, of ancient scandinavia. Odin looked like i heard about the whales that he himself as the three majorgods gets his alterations neither fabricated passages succeed in. Why have a greek world would help we have decided to be used by drinking from? Frey and other hand of the world of thor stood a guide to norse mythology, an army after the god, additional aspects of.
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												  STUDIES in the SOURCES of JRR TOLKIEN's the LORD of TOE RINGS. the UniversitThis dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 7 0 - 9 9 9 8 ST. CLAIR, Gloria Ann Strange Slaughter, 1939- STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S THE LORD OF TOE RINGS. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1970 Language and Literature, modem University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan This disssîtsîioo has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-9998 ST. CLAIR, Gloria AnnStrange Slaughter, 1939- STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S THE LORD OF THE RINGS. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1970 Language and Literature, modem University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE UNIVERSITY OP OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OP J.R.R. TOLKIEN'S THE LORD OP THE RINGS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OP PHILOSOPHY BY GLORIA ANN STRANGE SLAUGHTER ST. CLAIR Norman, Oklahoma 1969 STUDIES IN THE SOURCES OF J.R.R. TOLKIEN'S THE LORD OF THE RINGS APPROVED BY / C - y h L ^ ^ J ^ Ljc£l. DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr. Rudolph C. Beunbas Instructed me In Old Norse, generously agreed to direct the dissertation, and subse quently advised me on matters both major and minor. He gave me the proper perspective on my problem, and he egged me on when I tarried. Dr. French and Dr. Eicon:.n made valuable suggestions about the definitions of the novel. And, the Interlibrary Loan Service responded graciously and efficiently to my long lists of unusual requests. My sister, Darla Strange, encouraged me from the beginning of my doctoral program.
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												  Location BackgroundViking: Battle for Asgard – Hel Fact Sheet Title: Viking: Battle for Asgard Developer: The Creative Assembly Format: XBOX360, PS3 Genre: 3rd person action adventure Release date: 28th March A fierce struggle is taking place within the realm of the Norse Gods. The Goddess Hel has been banished for defying Odin, Lord of Asgard. Angry at her fate, Hel has raised an army of resurrected Viking warriors to wipe out all of humanity in the mortal realm of Midgard, seeking to bring about Ragnarok - the apocalyptic battle that that will destroy Asgard and the Gods themselves. The task of stopping Hel and defending the future of mankind falls to Skarin, a promising but deeply flawed young warrior, ignorant of the true reason for his favour with the Gods… CHARACTER BACKGROUND Hel is the offspring of Loki, Norse god of chaos. She wishes to begin Ragnarok - the Norse apocalypse – to bring about the Age of the Underworld Gods. Hel was not always evil, but she was banished by Odin, some say, for plotting with her father to overthrow Midgard; others say for asking too many questions about the nature of the Gods and Valhalla. The more common belief is that she annoyed Freya, primarily because Hel used to be very beautiful, and it was Freya who orchestrated the whole thing. Like Freya, Hel cannot interfere directly with Midgard, but she does have supreme power in the Underworld and, like Freya, she can also influence others to work for her. As part of her curse Hel cannot assume the shape of a mortal in the same way that other Gods and Goddesses (Freya) can.
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												  Nordost Odin 2 Cable System by Alan SircomEQUIPMENT REVIEW Nordost Odin 2 cable system by Alan Sircom here are other cable systems that cost more than ranges, and most recently with Valhalla 2 (tested in Hi-Fi+ Nordost’s Odin, but none of these rivals seem issue 112). Given that Valhalla 2 improved the performance to draw as much fire from the sceptics and of Valhalla to a point where the difference between Valhalla 2 cynics. Odin is the most visible high-priced cable and Odin was beginning to blur, the development of an system in audio, and now Nordost’s new Odin 2 Odin 2 was almost inevitable. Traises the bar… and the price. I can almost hear the sound of The problem is you don’t just ‘update’ Odin. The original pitchforks being sharpened and torches being lit. Odin cable system from 2008 already set a high standard Odin 2 was possibly the worst kept, most blindingly obvious of attention to detail and uncompromising focus on getting secret in audio. Nordost has been systematically improving a signal from source to speaker with the least possible its lines for several years, starting with Leif and the Norse 2 compromise. Where do you go from there? Fortunately, the REPRODUCED FROM ISSUE 128 EQUIPMENT REVIEW / NORDOST ODIN 2 CABLE SYSTEM key to this was the design and development criteria that went monofilament cables itself encased in a further layer of FEP, into turning Valhalla into V2, blending that with what set the in Odin 2, the individual conductors are formed of a number original Odin apart from the first version of Valhalla, and then of silver-plated high-purity solid-core copper strands.
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												  Odin Thor Freya Loki Hel FreyrAGENDA FEMALE NAMES • paint a believable picture of saga-period Asgerd, Asgeir, Aslaug, Asny, Bera, Dalla, Iceland Freydis, Geirlaug, Geirny, Gjaflaug, Grimhild, • make the players’ characters’ circumstances Groa, Gudrid, Gudrun, Gunnhild, Gyda, Hall- worthy of a saga odin bera, Halldis, Hallfrid, Hallveig, Helga, Herdis, • play to find out what happens • display great ambition Hildrid, Hrafnhild, Hrodny, Ingibjorg, Ingrid, PRINCIPLES • subvert gender roles Ingunn, Isgerd, Jofrid, Jorunn, Kadlin, Ljufa, • put your heart and brain on the table • uncover secrets and hidden things • display stubborn pride Mjoll, Moeid, Nereid, Olof, Osk, Ragnhild, • let everything flow from the fiction Rannveig, Saeunn, Sigrid, Solveig, Thora, wreck and tear apart • • brew up storms • address the characters, not the players thor Thorarna, Thordis, Thorlaug, Thorunn, Thu- • be a fan of the players’ characters rid, Unn, Valgerd, Vermund, Vigdis, Yngvild • aim at the characters and their moves freyr • think about the larger world MALE NAMES • give everyone a history Aki, Ari, Arinbjorn, Atli, Bard, Bjalfi, Bjarni, • throw it under the grinding stone of time • make promises • display royal arrogance Bjorn, Bolli, Brynjolf, Egil, Einar, Eyvind, Finn, • make the world cold • exalt and distinguish Frodi, Geir, Gellir, Grim, Halfdan, Hallbjorn, • give them the sun, Harek, Helgi, Hegg, Hogni, Hrafn, Hrolf, Illugi, make them fight for the moon Ingolf, Jorund, Ketill, Koll, Lambi, Ljot, Njal, • sometimes, pass the reins • offer priceless gifts priceless offer Oddleif,
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												  Valkyrie Profile CYOAValkyrie Profile CYOA In Valhalla in the land of Asgard, the Aesir rule from on high. There they're locked in an eternal war with the Vanir and the undead forces of Hel, and so they send the Chooser of the Slain, the Valkyrie, down to the world of Midgard below to gather souls to make into Einherjar. The world of Midgard is in all eras like medieval Earth, constantly full of misery and war, only with other races, monsters, and magic thrown in to create more tragedy. Here the Battle Maiden picks through the killing fields for the dead and dying, taking the strongest with her for training and eventual ascension. Some see her as a blessed figure, who honors brave warriors with glory and eternal life. Others see her as a death goddess, who cruelly steals away their loved ones. Once she has performed her duty for long enough, she sleeps in mortal guise while her one of her sisters takes her place, perpetuating the cycle of fate. And so the wars in Asgard and Midgard continue in eternally. All is not as simple as it seems, however, and all that is benevolent is not not so. Perhaps the Aesir are not as noble as they appear to be, for time and again their servants rebel against them, only further creating strife. It is in this world that you find yourself for ten years, but thankfully you are not left with nothing. You have 1000 CP to choose your fate. Location Roll 1d8 to determine your starting location.