DOCSLIB.ORG

On the Road Towards Empowerment: Ayllu-Community Values

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On the Road Towards Empowerment: Ayllu-Community Values ON THE ROAD TOWARDS EMPOWERMENT: AYLLU-COMMUNITY VALUES AND PRACTICES IN AN URBAN SETTING. THE CASE OF THE COMMUNITY OF URBAN AYMARAS OF PAMPAJASI, LA PAZ, BOLIVIA by ELENA CARMEN RAQUEL MONTENEGRO A THESIS Presented to the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: International Studies and the Graduate School ofthe University ofOregon in partial fulfillment ofthe requirements for the degree of Master ofArts June 2008 11 "On the Road Towards Empowerment: Ayllu-Community Values and Practices in an Urban Setting. The Case ofthe Community ofUrban Aymaras ofPampajasi, La Paz, Bolivia," a thesis prepared by Elena Carmen Raquel Montenegro in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master ofArts degree in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: International Studies. This thesis has been approved and accepted by: Carlos Aguirre, Chair ofthe Examining Committee Date Committee in Charge: Carlos Aguirre, Chair Lynn Stephen Brian Klopotek Accepted by: Dean ofthe Graduate School .. _').- 111 © 2008 Elena Cannen Raquel Montenegro IV An Abstract ofthe Thesis of Elena Carmen Raquel Montenegro for the degree of Master ofArts in the Interdisciplinary Studies Program: International Studies to be taken June 2008 Title: ON THE ROAD TOWARDS EMPOWERMENT: AYLLU-COMMUNITY VALUES AND PRACTICES IN AN URBAN SETTING. THE CASE OF THE COJvLMUNITY OF URBAN AYMARAS OF PAMPAJASI, LA PAZ, BOLIVIA Approved: _ Carlos Aguirre Using historical and theoretical insights, this thesis explores how the urban grassroots organization Community ofUrban Aymaras ofPampajasi (CAUP) has used elements ofthe rural ayllu-community to gain agency towards the empowerment ofits members and explores the roles played by activism and strategic support. The research for this thesis took place in Pampajasi, a neighborhood ofLa Paz, between 2006 and 2007. It included participating observation, interviews and focus groups with the first and second generation migrants to La Paz that constitute most ofthe membership ofthe CAUP, as well as interviews with non-members. By better understanding how the elements ofthe ayllu-community are being used to gain empowerment, other grassroots organizations, researchers, activists, policy v makers and development specialists may acquire insights into how traditional culture can be used to construct alternative forms oforganization in post-colonial societies. VI CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Elena Cannen Raque1 Montenegro PLACE OF BIRTH: New York City, NY, USA h DATE OF BIRTH: August i , 1954 GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University ofOregon Universidad Mayor de San Andres DEGREES AWARDED: Master ofArts, International Studies, June 2008, University ofOregon Licenciatura en Antropologia, 1998, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, La Paz, Bolivia AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Identity and change; urban identities, representation, migration and cultural transmission within the family; children PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Interpreter, Oregon Social Learning Center, Community Programs, 2005 Interpreter and interviewer, Oregon Social Learning Center, 2001-2004 Census worker in migrant agricultural worker camps. US Government, 2000 Content development director. Children's Museum ofLa Paz, 1992-1996. Vll Pre-school teacher. Various schools in La Paz, Bolivia. 1986-1991. Project Coordinator. Centro de Promoci6n de 1a Mujer "Gregoria Apaza", San Luis Pampa, E1 Alto, La Paz, 1983-1986. V111 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank the Community ofUrban Aymaras ofLa paz for their friendship and ongoing contributions to this research, without which this thesis would not have existed. I hope the bonds we have developed will continue to strengthen through time. I also thank Javier Mendoza and Mercedes Zerda for their friendship, which has grown in time and aged so well, and who have helped in every way to make this research happen. I would also like to thank Carlos Aguirre, my advisor and Chair ofmy thesis committee, for his patience, his excellent and continuing advice, insights and suggestions; Lynn Stephen, member ofmy committee, for her valuable advice and for the clarity ofher vision regarding ethnography and research; and Brian Klopotek, also a member ofmy committee, for his thoughtful advice and understanding ofthe issues surrounding the CAUP. I also need to thank Priscilla Havlis, my good friend, for her encouragement from the inception ofthis process, almost a year ago, and her unflagging enthusiasm, editing and formatting skills; my partner Jean Stacey, for her emotional and material support throughout, her thought-provoking questions about white privilege in La Paz, and her surgical suggestions for this thesis; my brother Pablo Montenegro for reviewing the thesis drafts, particularly as to the historical and political aspects; and thank our good friends in Eugene who have made our life so rich and enjoyable, before and during the thesis writing. My family in Bolivia has always been supportive ofthis intellectual venture, so late in life, and that has provided such rich life lessons. I thank my daughters and grandkids for their IX help and inspiration, and I specifically thank my mother who encouraged me to pursue a university education despite all the obstacles. x DEDICATION I wish to dedicate this thesis to the Community ofUrban Aymaras ofLa Paz for their hard work, their courage, their humor, their commitment. To Javier Chipana, to Don Carlos (Mario) Yujra, to Marisol Surculento, to Angel Apaza, to Lucia Villca, to Samuel Oquendo, to Elizabeth Oquendo, to Francisca Chambilla de Oquendo, to Vicky Orosco, to Roxana Perez, to Mery Salgado, to Primitiva Laime, to the awichas, to the tias and tios of Machaq Uta, to the families ofMachaq Uta, to the healers. I wish to dedicate it also to Javier Mendoza and Mercedes Zerda, who were always there. Xl TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Bolivia: Background Information 2 La Paz: A Majority ofAymara Population ,........ 6 Pampajasi: A Neighborhood ofthe City ofLa Paz, Past and Present 8 The Community ofUrban Aymaras ofPampajasi (CAUP) 11 My First Encounters with the CAUP 16 Research Process............................................................................................... 18 Research Questions...................................................................................... 18 Argument 18 Relevance............................................ 19 Methods and Timeline.................................................................................. 20 Changes in the Research Process 21 Interviews............................................... 21 Participating Observation............................................................................. 22 Research Authorization, the Ayllu-community Way................................... 25 Photos........................................................................................................... 27 Language 27 Historical and Theoretical Frameworks............................................................ 27 Terminology...................................................................................................... 28 Description ofthe Content ofEach Chapter..................................................... 29 Endnotes............................... 34 II. AYMARA PEOPLE AND AYLLU-COMMUNITY, PAST AND PRESENT...... 35 The Importance ofHistory for the Consolidation ofIndigenous Identities................................................................................................. 35 Origin ofthe Aymara Peoples........................................................................... 37 Spanish Colonization: Two Nations 39 The Republic and "The Indigenous Problem" 43 The Chaco War and Aftermath: Together In the Trenches............................... 47 1952: The Concept of "The Indian" Disappears and "The Peasant" is Created.................................................................................................. 50 New Forums and New Political Actors 52 The 1990s: The Indigenous Movements Gain Strength 56 Alternate Discourses in the Making.................................................................. 58 Endnotes............................................................................................................ 60 XlI Chapter Page III. THE CAUP: HOW THEY STARTED, WHO THEY ARE TODAy 62 Strategic Supporters Who Accompanied the Process....................................... 64 Union Style or Community Style? 66 Gender Relations Within the CAUP 69 Timeline: When Different CAUP Programs and Components Were Created..................................................... 73 The Primary Components ofModem-day CAUP 75 Machaq Uta, the Daycare 75 Awicha, the Senior Centers 81 Qulla Uta, the Center for Traditional Medicine and Spirituality 84 The CAUP Team 85 Multigenerational Activities 88 CAUP Funding 89 The CAUP's Acquisition ofLegal Status 90 Endnotes 93 IV. LIVING IN CONDITIONS OF SUBALTERNITY 95 Subalternity 95 Being Indigenous in the City 98 Being a Woman in Parnpajasi 100 Being Young in Parnpajasi............................................................ 101 Being Old in Parnpajasi 103 Who Decides Who is Indigenous 104 Subalternity and Collective Identity................................................................. 108 Endnotes 111 V. THE CAUP AS AN AYLLU-COMMUNITY, AS HABITUS AND AS A SOCIAL MOVEMENT 113 General Considerations on Community 114 The Ayllu, a Community That Involves Territory, Social Values, and Practices...............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LARC Resources on Indigenous Languages and Peoples of the Andes Film
    LARC Resources on Indigenous Languages and Peoples of the Andes The LARC Lending Library has an extensive collection of educational materials for teacher and classroom use such as videos, slides, units, books, games, curriculum units, and maps. They are available for free short term loan to any instructor in the United States. These materials can be found on the online searchable catalog: http://stonecenter.tulane.edu/pages/detail/48/Lending-Library Film Apaga y Vamonos The Mapuche people of South America survived conquest by the Incas and the Spanish, as well as assimilation by the state of Chile. But will they survive the construction of the Ralco hydroelectric power station? When ENDESA, a multinational company with roots in Spain, began the project in 1997, Mapuche families living along the Biobio River were offered land, animals, tools, and relocation assistance in return for the voluntary exchange of their land. However, many refused to leave; some alleged that they had been marooned in the Andean hinterlands with unsafe housing and, ironically, no electricity. Those who remained claim they have been sold out for progress; that Chile's Indigenous Law has been flouted by then-president Eduardo Frei, that Mapuches protesting the Ralco station have been rounded up and prosecuted for arson and conspiracy under Chile's anti-terrorist legislation, and that many have been forced into hiding to avoid unfair trials with dozens of anonymous informants testifying against them. Newspaper editor Pedro Cayuqueo says he was arrested and interrogated for participating in this documentary. Directed by Manel Mayol. 2006. Spanish w/ English subtitles, 80 min.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Indigenous Litter-Ature 2 Drinking on the Pre-Mises: the K'ulta “Poem” 3 Language, Poetry, Money
    Notes 1 Indigenous Litter-ature 1 . E r n e s t o W i l h e l m d e M o e s b a c h , Voz de Arauco: Explicación de los nombres indí- genas de Chile , 3rd ed. ( Santiago: Imprenta San Francisco, 1960). 2. Rodolfo Lenz, Diccionario etimológico de las voces chilenas derivadas de len- guas indígenas americanas (Santiago: Universidad de Chile, 1910). 3 . L u d o v i c o B e r t o n i o , [ 1 6 1 2 ] Vocabulario de la lengua aymara (La Paz: Radio San Gabriel, 1993). 4 . R . S á n c h e z a n d M . M a s s o n e , Cultura Aconcagua (Santiago: Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana y DIBAM, 1995). 5 . F e r n a n d o M o n t e s , La máscara de piedra (La Paz: Armonía, 1999). 2 Drinking on the Pre-mises: The K’ulta “Poem” 1. Thomas Abercrombie, “Pathways of Memory in a Colonized Cosmos: Poetics of the Drink and Historical Consciousness in K’ulta,” in Borrachera y memoria , ed. Thierry Saignes (La Paz: Hisbol/Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, 1983), 139–85. 2 . L u d o v i c o B e r t o n i o , [ 1 6 1 2 ] Vocabulario de la lengua aymara (La Paz: Radio San Gabriel, 1993). 3 . M a n u e l d e L u c c a , Diccionario práctico aymara- castellano, castellano-aymara (La Paz- Cochabamba: Los Amigos del Libro, 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • New Age Tourism and Evangelicalism in the 'Last
    NEGOTIATING EVANGELICALISM AND NEW AGE TOURISM THROUGH QUECHUA ONTOLOGIES IN CUZCO, PERU by Guillermo Salas Carreño A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Bruce Mannheim, Chair Professor Judith T. Irvine Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Professor Marisol de la Cadena, University of California Davis © Guillermo Salas Carreño All rights reserved 2012 To Stéphanie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was able to arrive to its final shape thanks to the support of many throughout its development. First of all I would like to thank the people of the community of Hapu (Paucartambo, Cuzco) who allowed me to stay at their community, participate in their daily life and in their festivities. Many thanks also to those who showed notable patience as well as engagement with a visitor who asked strange and absurd questions in a far from perfect Quechua. Because of the University of Michigan’s Institutional Review Board’s regulations I find myself unable to fully disclose their names. Given their public position of authority that allows me to mention them directly, I deeply thank the directive board of the community through its then president Francisco Apasa and the vice president José Machacca. Beyond the authorities, I particularly want to thank my compadres don Luis and doña Martina, Fabian and Viviana, José and María, Tomas and Florencia, and Francisco and Epifania for the many hours spent in their homes and their fields, sharing their food and daily tasks, and for their kindness in guiding me in Hapu, allowing me to participate in their daily life and answering my many questions.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Print Version (PDF)
    “Beggar on a Throne of Gold: A Short History of Bolivia” by Robert W. Jones, Jr. 6 Veritas is a land of sharp physical and social contrasts. Although blessed with Benormousolivia mineral wealth Bolivia was (and is) one of the poorest nations of Latin America and has been described as a “Beggar on a Throne of Gold.” 1 This article presents a short description of Bolivia as it appeared in 1967 when Che Guevara prepared to export revolution to the center of South America. In Guevara’s estimation, Bolivia was ripe for revolution with its history of instability and a disenfranchised Indian population. This article covers the geography, history, and politics of Bolivia. Geography and Demographics Bolivia’s terrain and people are extremely diverse. Since geography is a primary factor in the distribution of the population, these two aspects of Bolivia will be discussed together. In the 1960s Bolivian society was predominantly rural and Indian unlike the rest of South America. The Indians, primarily Quechua or Aymara, made up between fifty to seventy percent of the population. The three major Indian dialects are Quechua, Aymara, and Guaraní. The remainder of the population were whites and mixed races (called “mestizos”). It is difficult to get an accurate census because The varied geographic regions of Bolivia make it one of the Indians have always been transitory and there are the most climatically diverse countries in South America. cultural sensitivities. Race determines social status in Map by D. Telles. Bolivian society. A mestizo may claim to be white to gain vegetation grows sparser towards the south, where social status, just as an economically successful Indian the terrain is rocky with dry red clay.
    [Show full text]
  • Legalization of the Non-Medical Use of Drugs Is Presented Below
    I. OVERVIEW 1. Measures taken nationally and internationally to reduce drug abuse and trafficking have yet to yield more universally visible and decisive results and, consequently, the validity and appropriateness of the drug control measures that Governments have agreed upon in international conventions and resolutions have continued to be questioned. The drug abuse and trafficking situation, which is accompanied by violence and corruption, remains grim, but the International Narcotics Control Board is not convinced that valid alternatives to present policies have been found that would meaningfully reverse the situation. Worldwide efforts to combat drug abuse and trafficking have to be continuous, balanced and in an internationally concerted manner in order for further positive results to be achieved. Drug abuse is closely linked to political, social and economic problems, and progress in these areas will undeniably contribute to the solution of the drug abuse problem. In a number of countries positive developments have been reported and these should be more carefully studied and discussed so that successful experiences in one country can be considered by others. In addition, the mass media are invited to analyse and report on such positive developments. 2. The efforts of the United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) are highly appreciated by the Board. During 1992, UNDCP cooperated with 97 countries through 130 regional and country-specific drug control programmes. In addition, the operational work programme for 1992 included 30 global projects supporting a broad range of drug control activities, such as specialized training, research and advisory services. These activities have been implemented by UNDCP in collaboration with various specialized agencies of the United Nations system, other international organizations and various non-governmental organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Desert in María Teresa Andruetto: a Literal and Figurative Space
    THE DESERT IN MARÍA TERESA ANDRUETTO: A LITERAL AND FIGURATIVE SPACE Thomas N. Phillips II A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies (Spanish) in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2021 Approved by: Alicia Rivero María DeGuzmán Oswaldo Estrada Juan Carlos González Espitia Rosa Perelmuter © 2021 Thomas N. Phillips II ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Thomas N. Phillips II: The Desert in María Teresa Andruetto: A Literal and Figurative Space (Under the direction of Alicia Rivero) The desert serves as a crucible for processing and creating truth in the novels, novellas, and short stories by Argentine writer María Teresa Andruetto (b. 1954). Simultaneously a literal and figurative space, the desert embodies Argentine history and economic development with particular focus on the northwest and Patagonia. Response to political turmoil and the introspective search for identity and family coalesce as we view protagonists encountering frontiers; coupled with alterity, gender, and language, this results in a new amalgamation that is a retelling of Esteban Echeverría’s “La cautiva.” The first chapter of this dissertation analyzes spaces as both literal and figurative oases, the interior as a microcosm of Argentina, and movement within the desert related to border crossing. The second chapter presents a macro-level view of geopolitics that focuses on an alternative reading of history in the desert, and the veracity of claims and truth are under a microscope in a manner that questions the official discourse of the Dirty War, as well as the creation of a national mythos.
    [Show full text]
  • The Embattled Political Aesthetics of José Carlos Mariátegui and Amauta
    A Realist Indigenism: The Embattled Political Aesthetics of José Carlos Mariátegui and Amauta BY ERIN MARIA MADARIETA B.A., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 THESIS Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Chicago, 2019 Chicago, Illinois Defense Committee: Blake Stimson, Art History, Advisor and Chair Andrew Finegold, Art History Nicholas Brown, English Margarita Saona, Hispanic and Italian Studies TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………...1 BEYOND THE “SECTARIAN DIVIDE”: MARIÁTEGUI’S EXPANSIVE REALISM………..9 TOWARD A REALIST INDIGENISM: PARSING MARXISM, INDIGENISM, AND POPULISM………………………………………………………………………………………33 “THE PROBLEM OF RACE IN LATIN AMERICA”: MARIÁTEGUI AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNISTS…………………………………………………………...53 “PAINTING THE PEOPLE” OR DEMYSTIFYING PERUVIAN REALITY?: AMAUTA’S VISUAL CONTENT…………………………………………………………………………….65 CONCLUSION…………………………….…………………………………………………….88 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………..92 ii SUMMARY This thesis focuses on José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930), a Peruvian critic and Marxist political activist who founded the Peruvian Socialist Party. Mariátegui also edited the journal Amauta, which featured literature, visual art, and theoretical and political texts from 1926 to 1930. This project aims to contribute an original understanding of the thought and editorial practice of this historically significant figure by recuperating his endorsement of realist
    [Show full text]
  • Custodians of Culture and Biodiversity
    Custodians of culture and biodiversity Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen for IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland The opinions expressed in this manual are those of the authors and do not nec - essarily represent those of IFAD. The designations employed and the presenta - tion of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, terri - tory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations “developed” and “developing” countries are in - tended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached in the development process by a particular country or area. This manual contains draft material that has not been subject to formal re - view. It is circulated for review and to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The text has not been edited. On the cover, a detail from a Chinese painting from collections of Anita Kelles-Viitanen CUSTODIANS OF CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen For IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland Table of Contents Executive summary 1 I Objective of the study 2 II Results with recommendations 2 1. Introduction 2 2. Poverty 3 3. Livelihoods 3 4. Global warming 4 5. Land 5 6. Biodiversity and natural resource management 6 7. Indigenous Culture 7 8. Gender 8 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Peculiaridades Morfológicas En El Aymara De La Comuna De Colchane, Chile
    Cuadernos Interculturales ISSN: 0718-0586 [email protected] Universidad de Playa Ancha Chile Díaz Vásquez, Enrique; García Choque, Felino Peculiaridades morfológicas en el aymara de la comuna de Colchane, Chile Cuadernos Interculturales, vol. 8, núm. 14, 2010, pp. 165-184 Universidad de Playa Ancha Viña del Mar, Chile Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55217005010 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Cuadernos Interculturales. Año 8, Nº 14. Primer Semestre 2010, pp. 165-184 165 Peculiaridades morfológicas en el aymara de la comuna de Colchane, Chile*1 Morphological peculiarities in the Aymara of the county of Colchane, Chile Enrique Díaz Vásquez**2 Felino García Choque***3 Resumen Se examinan formas verbales de alta frecuencia en el aymara hablado en la comuna de Colchane, Iquique, en el norte de Chile, a través de un estudio comparativo con las formas verbales equivalentes del aymara de la Paz, Bolivia. Se demuestra que, contraria- mente a las poco significativas diferencias fonológicas detectadas en estudios previos, existen morfológicamente contrastes notables entre las dos variedades, atribuibles a la existencia en el aymara de Colchane de morfemas peculiares para la expresion de la acción continua y la negación en las formas verbales estudiadas. Palabras clave: lengua sintética, morfemas morfológicamente condicionados, elisión vocá- lica, morfemas de aspecto progresivo, morfemas de negación, verbalización de raíces nomi- nales Abstract Some high-frequency verbal forms of the aymara spoken in the county of Colchane, Iquique, in northern Chile, are axamined through a comparative study with the equi- valent verbal forms of the aymara of La Paz, Bolivia.
    [Show full text]
  • Sin, Confession, and the Arts of Book- and Cord-Keeping: an Intercontinental and Transcultural Exploration of Accounting and Governmentality
    Sin, Confession, and the Arts of Book- and Cord-Keeping: An Intercontinental and Transcultural Exploration of Accounting and Governmentality The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Urton, Gary. 2009. Sin, confession, and the arts of book- and cord- keeping: An intercontinental and transcultural exploration of accounting and governmentality. Comparative Studies in Society and History 51(4): 801–831. Published Version doi:10.1017/S0010417509990144 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3716616 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Comparative Studies in Society and History 2009;51(4):801–831. 0010-4175/09 $15.00 # Society for the Comparative Study of Society and History, 2009 doi:10.1017/S0010417509990144 Sin, Confession, and the Arts of Book- and Cord-Keeping: An Intercontinental and Transcultural Exploration of Accounting and Governmentality GARY URTON Harvard University INTRODUCTION My objective is to examine an intriguing and heretofore unrecognized conver- gence in the history of bookkeeping. The story revolves around an extraordi- nary parallelism in the evolution of bookkeeping and the philosophical and ethical principles underlying the practice of accounting between southern Europe and Andean South America during the two centuries or so prior to the Spanish invasion of the Inka Empire in 1532. The event of the European invasion of the Andes brought these two similar yet distinct trans-Atlantic tra- ditions of “bookkeeping” and accounting into violent confrontation.
    [Show full text]
  • Session Abstracts
    THE INCAS AND THEIR ORIGINS SESSION ABSTRACTS Most sessions focus on a particular region and time period. The session abstracts below serve to set out the issues to be debated in each session. In particular, the abstract aims to outline to each discipline what perspectives and insights the other disciplines can bring to bear on that same topic. A session abstract tends to consist more of questions than answers, then. These are the questions that it would be useful for all participants to be thinking about in advance, so as to be ready to join in the debate on any session. And if you are the speaker giving a synopsis for that session, you may wish to start from the abstract as a guide to how to develop these questions, so as best to provoke the cross-disciplinary debate. DAY 1: TAWANTINSUYU: ITS NATURE AND IMPACTS A1. GENERAL PERSPECTIVES FROM THE VARIOUS DISCIPLINES This opening session serves to introduce the various sources of data on the past which together can contribute to a holistic understanding of the Incas and their origins. It serves as the opportunity for each of the various academic disciplines involved to introduce itself briefly to all the others, and for their benefit. The synopses for this session should give just a general outline of the main types of evidence that each discipline uses to come to its conclusions about the Inca past. What is it, within each of their different records of the past, that allows the archaeologist, linguist, ethnohistorian or geneticist to draw inferences as to the nature and strength of Inca control and impacts in different regions? In particular, how can they ‘reconstruct’ resettlements and other population movements within Tawantinsuyu? Also crucial — especially because specialists in other disciplines are not in a position to judge this for themselves — is to clarify how reliable are the main findings and claims that each discipline makes about the Incas.
    [Show full text]
  • Trabajo Dirigido
    UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA TRABAJO DIRIGIDO ELABORACIÓN Y DISEÑO DEL PROYECTO SISTEMA DE RIEGO TECNIFICADO VENTANANI (SANTIAGO DE LLALLAGUA) – PROVINCIA AROMA. MARCO EDUARDO CORI SIRPA LA PAZ – BOLIVIA 2021 UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR DE SAN ANDRÉS FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA “ELABORACIÓN Y DISEÑO DEL PROYECTO SISTEMA DE RIEGO TECNIFICADO VENTANANI (SANTIAGO DE LLALLAGUA) – PROVINCIA AROMA”. Trabajo Dirigido presentado como requisito para optar el Título de Ingeniero Agrónomo. MARCO EDUARDO CORI SIRPA Tutor: Ing. Raúl Choque Estrada ………………………………………………. Asesor: Ing. M. Sc. Paulino Ruiz Huanca ………………………………………………. Tribunal Examinador: Ing. Ph. D. René Chipana Rivera ………………………………………………. Ing. M. Sc. Fanny Bertha Arragán Tancara ………………………………………………. Ing. M. Sc. Juan José Vicente Rojas ………………………………………………. APROBADA Presidente Tribunal Examinador: ………………………………………………. La Paz – Bolivia 2021 DEDICATORIA: Se lo dedico al forjador de mi camino, a Dios, el que en todo momento está conmigo ayudándome a aprender de mis errores y guíar mi camino. A mis queridos padres Nicolás Cori Pacohuanca y Benita Sirpa Huanca, que con mucho esfuerzo y sacrificio me brindaron todo su apoyo, cariño y comprensión en cada etapa de mi vida. A mis hermanos Iván y Richard, aunque en la mayoria de las veces parece que estuviéramos en una batalla, hay momentos en los que la guerra cesa y nos unimos para lograr nuestros objetivos olvidandonos de todo y estar juntos para apoyarnos. A mi compañera de vida Vanessa, por estar conmigo en los peores momentos y aún así apoyarme y darme el aliento para seguir adelante cumpliendo mis metas y objetivos. i AGRADECIMIENTOS Doy gracias a Dios padre celestial, por darme sabiduría, salud, fuerza y guiar mi camino en cada paso que doy.
    [Show full text]