Introduction
Introduction On Sunday, April 5, 1846, most residents of the city of Xiamen were busy visit- ing the graves of their forefathers. Some had returned to ancestral villages to participate in the filial rites associated with the annual Grave Sweeping Festival which was celebrated on this day. Others joined relatives in climbing the hills scattered throughout the small island, finding burial plots for deceased rela- tives. The graves were “swept” yearly, with weeds uprooted and repairs made, but in addition, ancestors would be memorialized by rituals such as burning incense and paper money and offering sacrificial foods. However, for the group of Chinese assembled at one storefront in Liaozaihou, a bustling area along the waterfront, just outside the walled city, rites of a different sort were being performed. Here, adjacent to the local Mazu temple, at a “chapel,” which in reality was simply a rented storefront decorated with a few ordinary bamboo benches, Sunday church services had been going on for over two years. By this time, average attendance at these services reached nearly 100 listeners.1 Similar services first started on the tiny island of Gulangyu, a short boat ride from Xiamen, in early 1842. But the service on this spring morning was differ- ent for it witnessed an event that had never taken place before in this part of China. On this morning, two elderly attendees, Wang Fugui 王福桂 and Liu Wenshe 刘温舍, became the first residents in the region to be baptized as Protestant Christians.2 The missionaries involved in this milestone did not seem to consider the importance of the date, but Wang, Liu, and the numerous other Chinese who crowded into the chapel surely recognized the significance of holding this momentous event on such an important day.3 It seems likely that the selection 1 Chinese Repository, (1846) 15, 160.
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