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Guerre De Sept Ans En Amérique Du Nord

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Guerre De Sept Ans En Amérique Du Nord La guerre de Sept Ans en Amérique du Nord Dans leurs visées dʼexpansion économique et Pour les Américains, cette guerre sera la French politique, la France et la Grande-Bretagne se sont and Indian War; pour les Canadiens, elle maintes fois affrontées. Au fil des ans, cet deviendra la guerre de la Conquête. Les enjeux antagonisme sʼest étendu à leurs colonies. En sont alors grands pour la colonie française et les 1754, des escarmouches dans la vallée de lʼOhio colonies britanniques : expansion des frontières laissent présager une lutte à finir en territoire et contrôle des ressources naturelles et du nord-américain, entre la Nouvelle-France et les commerce. Face à la Grande-Bretagne qui vise Treize Colonies. Deux ans plus tard, la guerre est une invasion à grande échelle de la Nouvelle- officiellement déclarée entre la France et la France, la France envoie, en renfort, des Grande-Bretagne et leurs alliés respectifs. contingents de troupes régulières. Militaires, miliciens et civils alliés sʼaffrontent dans une succession de batailles qui mèneront, entre autres, à la perte de la Nouvelle-France. 1754 1757 1759 1760 28 mai 9 août 26 juillet 28 avril Jumonville tué - début des Bataille de Fort William Henry Bataille de Fort Niagara Bataille de Sainte-Foy affrontements en Amérique Victoire française Victoire britannique Victoire française 3 juillet 1758 27 juillet 8 septembre Bataille de Fort Necessity Bataille de Ticonderoga Capitulation de Montréal - début Victoire française 8 juillet Victoire britannique du régime militaire 31 juillet 1756 Bataille de Fort Carillon 1763 Victoire française Bataille de Montmorency 14 août 26 juillet Victoire française 10 février Bataille de Fort Oswego Capitulation de Louisbourg 13 septembre Signature du traité de Paris Victoire française Victoire britannique Bataille des plaines dʼAbraham 29 août Victoire britannique Début officiel de la guerre La guerre de Sept Ans à Québec De par sa position géographique, ses caractéristiques géomorphologiques et le bassin hydrographique qui lʼentoure, Québec profite dès sa fondation dʼune valeur stratégique indéniable : elle établit un lien vital avec lʼEurope, lien dont dépendent les importations et les exportations ainsi que les ravitaillements et les renforts. Dans ce contexte, la ville devient partie intégrante des stratégies impériales européennes. Dans sa lutte contre la France, la Grande-Bretagne fait résolument de la prise de Québec lʼun de ses principaux objectifs nord-américains car prendre cette ville signifie sʼemparer de toute la Nouvelle-France. 1759 1759 1759 12 janvier 12 juillet 1er au 4 septembre James Wolfe est nommé major-général Début des bombardements britanniques sur la Évacuation des positions britanniques de la rive et commandant des forces terrestres de ville depuis la rive-sud; bombardement jusquʼau gauche de la rivière Montmorency et de la lʼexpédition contre Québec 12 septembre pointe Lévy et regroupement des troupes dans 18 au 19 juillet le secteur de Saint-Nicolas 10 mai 10 septembre Louis-Antoine de Bougainville revient dʼune La marine britannique réussit à faire passer des mission en France - il annonce que la France navires au-dessus de Québec Wolfe décide de débarquer à lʼAnse-au-Foulon nʼenverra que peu de renforts et lʼarrivée imminente des forces britanniques 28 juillet 12 au 13 septembre 22 mai Échec de la tentative française de brûler les Débarquement britannique à lʼAnse-au-Foulon navires britanniques mouillés près de lʼAnse- Le marquis de Montcalm, commandant des des-Mères 13 septembre troupes françaises, rejoint Québec 31 juillet Bataille des plaines dʼAbraham 24 mai Victoire britannique Bataille de Montmorency Début des travaux de retranchement français Victoire française 15 septembre le long de la rivière Saint-Charles 6 août À la suite de la tenue dʼun conseil de guerre, 28 mai le commandant de la ville, Ramezay, prend Début de la campagne de terreur de lʼarmée la décision de capituler Lʼavant-garde navale britannique jette lʼancre britannique sur la population canadienne. près de lʼIle-aux-Coudres Les rives sud et nord du fleuve en aval de 18 septembre Québec sont dévastées 4 juin Capitulation de Québec - les Britanniques 30 août prennent possession de la ville - les troupes Début de la construction des retranchements françaises retraitent progressivement vers français le long de la côte de Beauport James Wolfe, ses brigadiers généraux et le Montréal vice-amiral Saunders sʼentendent sur un projet 17 juin de débarquement en amont de Québec Tentative française de sʼattaquer aux navires britanniques - premier affrontement réel du siège 27 juin Début du débarquement des Britanniques à lʼIle dʼOrléans Hiver 1759-1760 28 juin La maladie affecte grandement la garnison britannique à Québec - Échec de lʼattaque des brulôts français sur la plusieurs centaines dʼhommes décèdent; James Murray améliore flotte britannique le système de fortifications de Québec tandis que le chevalier de Lévis prépare la contre-attaque française 30 juin 28 avril Les Britanniques sont à Beaumont, à la pointe Lévy et fortifient leur quartier général à lʼIle Bataille de Sainte-Foy dʼOrléans Victoire française - les Britanniques retraitent dans la ville et les Français lʼassiègent 9 mai Arrivée du Lowestoft, navire britannique, dans la rade de Québec 15 mai Arrivée de deux autres navires britanniques; Lévis décide de lever le siège - retraite vers Montréal ENGLISH ON REVERSE The Seven Years War in North America France and Great Britain have confronted each other Americans called this the French and Indian War; to time and time again in their quest for economic and Canadians, it was known as the Conquest. The political expansion. Throughout the years, the anta- stakes were high for both the French and British gonism was extended to their colonies. In 1754, skir- colonies; these included the expansion of borders, mishes in the Ohio Valley were precursors to a battle and control of natural resources and trade. In re- that ended in North America between New France sponse to Great Britainʼs planned major invasion of and the Thirteen Colonies. Two years later, war was New France, France sent contingents of regular officially declared between France and Great Britain troops as reinforcements. Soldiers, militiamen and al- and their respective allies. lied civilians clashed in a series of battles that led to the loss of New France. 1754 1757 1759 1760 May 28 August 9 July 26 April 28 Jumonville killed - start of the Battle of Fort William Henry Battle of Fort Niagara Battle of Sainte-Foy confrontation in America French victory British victory French victory July 3 1758 July 27 September 8 Battle of Fort Necessity Battle of Ticonderoga Surrender of Montréal - start French victory July 8 British victory of military regime July 31 1756 Battle of Fort Carillon 1763 French victory Battle of Montmorency August 14 July 26 French victory February 10 Battle of Fort Oswego Surrender of Louisbourg September 13 Signing of the Treaty of Paris French victory British victory Battle of the Plains of Abraham August 29 British victory Official start of the War The Seven Years War in Québec Because of its geographic location, geomorphological features and surrounding watershed, Québec had an advantage of indisputable strategic value from the outset: it established vital ties with Europe on which imports and exports, supplies and reinforcements were reliant. Consequently, the city became an integral part of European imperial strategies. In its battle against France, Great Britain captured Québec - one of its main North American objectives - because taking this city meant capturing all of New France. 1759 1759 1759 January 12 July 12 September 1- 4 James Wolfe is appointed Major-General and Start of British bombing of city from the south Evacuation of British positions on the left shore Commander of the ground forces in the shore; shelling continues until September 12 of Montmorency River and Pointe Lévy and campaign against Québec July 18-19 reassembly of troops in the Saint-Nicolas sector May 10 September 10 British navy gets ships through near Québec Louis-Antoine de Bougainville returns from a July 28 Wolfe decides to land at Anse-au-Foulon mission in France - he announces the imminent September 12 - 13 arrival of British forces and that France will The French attempt to burn British ships send only few reinforcements anchored at Anse-des-Mères fails British landing at Anse-au-Foulon May 22 July 31 September 13 The Marquis de Montcalm, commander of the Battle of Montmorency Battle of the Plains of Abraham French troops, arrives in Québec French victory British victory May 24 August 6 September 15 Start of French fortification work along the Start of British armyʼs reign of terror against Following a war council meeting, the cityʼs Saint-Charles River Canadians. North and south shores of the river Commander Ramezay decides to surrender May 28 downstream from Québec are devastated September 18 August 30 British Advance Guard casts anchor near the Québec surrenders - the British take Ile-aux-Coudres James Wolfe, his brigadier-generals and Vice- possession of the city - French troops retreat June 4 Admiral Saunders agree on a landing plan progressively toward Montréal upstream from Québec Construction of French fortifications begins along the Beauport shore June 17 French attempt to attack British ships - first real confrontation in the siege June 27 Start of British landing at the Ile dʼOrléans June 28 Winter 1759-1760 Failure of French fire shipʼs attack on British fleet Disease sweeps through the British garrison in Québec - many hundreds of men died; James Murray improves the June 30 Québec fortifications system while the Chevalier de Lévis prepares the French counter-attack. The British are at Beaumont, Pointe Lévy, and fortify their headquarters at the Ile dʼOrléans April 28 Battle of Sainte-Foy French victory - the British retreat to the city and the French lay siege to it May 9 Arrival of the Lowestoft, a British ship, in the Québec harbour May 15 Arrival of two more British ships; Lévis decides to raise the siege - retreat to Montréal FRANÇAIS AU VERSO.
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