Civil War Era National Cemeteries
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NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (Revised March 1992) United States Department of the Interior | 0 National Park Service | §| AUG 3 f I994 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. New Submission Amended Submission A. Name of Multiple Property Listing Civil War Era National Cemeteries B. Associated Historic Contexts (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) Initial Development of Permanent Memorials to Civil War Soldiers Who Died in Defense of the Union - 1861 to 1881 C. Form Prepared by name/title Therese T. Sammartino, Staff Assistant organization Department of Veterans Affairs date street & number 810 Vermont Avenue. N.W. telephone (202) 523-3895 city or town Washington. D.C._____ state _ zip code 20420______ D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60 and the Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation. (D See continuation sheet for additional comments.) erg I rrc.se c-Jcc\i O uLQUs 3>(. Signature and titlevof certifying official Date <J Department of Veterans Affairs State or Federal agency and bureau I hereby certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Register as a basis for evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register. Signature of the Keeper Date of Action Civil War Era National Cemeteries Name of Multiple Property Listing State Table of Contents,Contents for Written Narrative Provide the following information on continuation sheets. Cite the letter and the title before each section of the narrative. Assign page numbers according to the instructions for continuation sheets in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Fill in page numbers for each section in the space below. Page Numbers E. Statement of Historic Contexts 1 through 19 (If more than one historic context is documented, present them in sequential order.) Appendices ABC F. Associated Property Types (Provide description, significance, and registration requirements.) 1 through 5 G. Geographical Data l through 3 Appendix A H. Summary of Identification and Evaluation Methods (Discuss the methods used in developing the multiple property listing.) 1 I. Major Bibliographical References (List major written works and primary location of additional documentation: State 1 Historic Preservation Office, other State agency, Federal agency, local government, university, or other, specifying repository.) Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 120 hours per response including the time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Chief, Administrative Services Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; and the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reductions Project (1024-0018), Washington, DC 20503. NP8 Form KWOO-t OMB ^p^^ Wft M44018 (0-ooj United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number ___ Page ___ SUPPLEMENTARY LISTING RECORD NRIS Reference Number: N/A Date Accepted: 10/14/94 Property Name County State Civil War National Cemeteries MPS Multiple Name This multiple property documentation is accepted for evaluating properties for listing in the National Register of Historic Places subject to the following exceptions, exclusions, or amendments, notwithstanding the National Park Service certification included in the documentation. Signature of the Keeper Date of Action Amended Items in Nomination: The nomination suggests that a nomination for Alexandria National Cemetery in Virginia was submitted along with the cover documentation, but the MPS cover was submitted alone for approval. Section F, p. 4 states that if a Meigs lodge has been destroyed, the cemetery would no long meet criterion C, but might still meet Criterion A. The sentence should state that if a lodge has been destroyed, the cemetery would no longer meet Criterion C for the architecture of the lodge, but might still meet C in the area of landscape architecture, or might meet criterion A. This information was verified by Therese T. Sammartino, Staff Assistant with the Department of Veterans Affairs. DISTRIBUTION: National Register property file Nominating Authority (without nomination attachment) NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024-0018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number ——— Page ___ FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this amendment to the multiple property documentation form titled "Civil War Era National Cemeteries," meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. Karen Ronne Tupek Federal Preservation Officer Department of Veterans Affairs NPS Form 10-900* 0MB Apprwml No. 1024-C018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Civil War Era National Cemeteries Section number -E—— Page J——— E. STATEMENT OF HISTORIC CONTEXTS This text follows, chronologically, the establishment of the cemeteries. SIGNIFICANCE The Civil War era national cemeteries are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places under Criteria A and C. Their primary significance is from their strong association with the Civil War, 1861- 1865. Additionally, many contain the fine architectural examples of a prototype design of lodges that were executed in various local building materials from the same floor plan. Lastly, the prototype lodges were designed by a significant person associated with facilities during and after the war, Brigadier General Montgomery C. Meigs, Quartermaster General of the Army from 1861-1882. Many national cemeteries were established on or near specific Civil War conflict sites. For each of these sixteen cemeteries, an information sheet is attached, which includes the name and date of the conflict, background information on the establishment of the cemetery, and Civil War monuments or memorials within the cemetery (Appendix A). INTRODUCTION - ANTE-BELLUM PERIOD From very early times, those who died in defense of their state or nation have been deemed worthy of special commemoration for their service on the field of battle. The Mexican War of 1846-1847 marked an important advance in American burial policy. The action of the Congress in 1850 in establishing the Mexico City Cemetery as a final resting place for those who "fell in battle or died in and around the said city," furnished a precedent for the creation of permanent military cemeteries beyond the seas over a decade before legislative provision was made for a national cemeterial system. The development of national cemeteries came about as the American Civil War was waged. This conflict between Northern and Southern citizens was brought about by sharp differences in political and economic issues between the two factions. The two major issues that brought on the war were the fight over states' rights that involved the right of secession from the Union of the states under the Constitution, and the extension of slavery to new states and territories. The immediate provocation for the secession of the states, which led to the war, was the election of Abraham Lincoln as president of the United States in the fall of 1860, on a platform that denied the extension of slavery to new states NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Apprwul No. 1034-4018 (8-86) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Civil War Era National Cemeteries Section number _J—— page _g___ and territories. By this time, the controversy over slavery had become so intense, tempers so inflamed, and extremists so uncompromising that the basis for peaceful adjustment of differences was lost. Immediately upon the election of Abraham Lincoln, the legislature of South Carolina