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The Minimum Flow in the Upstream Basin of the Timis River

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The Minimum Flow in the Upstream Basin of the Timis River THE MINIMUM FLOW IN THE UPSTREAM BASIN OF THE TIMIS RIVER Niculae Iulian Teodorescu National Administration “Apele Române” Banat Water Directorate Timisoara niculae.teodorescu@gmail Abstract The minimum flow represents a very important stage of the water flow, especially during the long periods lacking rainfall, both in the cold season, but mainly during the dry season. Due to this fact, the present paper aims at an analysis of this stage of the water flow in the upper basin of the Timis River, upstream the Lugoj gauging station. This part of the hydrographical basin presents a major importance due to the fact that downstream this gauging station at about 7 km there is The Costei Hydro technical Knot, through which at low water levels, the entire quantity of water in the Timis river bed is directed towards the Bega river in order to supplement the quantity of water upstream Timisoara, the location of the water supply plant, where the water taken from the river is treated in order to be distributed for the use in the town of Timisoara. The hot period of the year 2007 was characterized in Romania by the presence of some very long periods with high temperatures (the maximum values being of over 390 C in many regions) and lacking rainfalls. Under these circumstances very low values were recorded on rivers, drastic drops of underground water reserves – having as an effect the appearance of drought in certain hydrographical basins. In the analysed hydrographical basin the values of the minimum water quantities during the summer were situated around the assurance values of 75% - that means they were about 75%. This allows us to draw the conclusion that this summer wasn’t among the driest, lower values being recorded in the years 1950-1955, 1957, 1962, 1965, a.s.o. Keywords: Timis Upstream Basin, dry period, 2007. 1 GENERALITIES The Timis River – Danube’s tributary on Serbian territory, springs under the Piatra Goznei Peak in the Semenic Mountains – “Banat’s water castle” – at an altitude of 1,280 m. Banat territory is crossed by the river on 244 km, developing an area of 7,310 km2 (Figure1). Its course is divided into 3 parts: the first part develops in the mountain area, where it gathers several short streams and reduced area water streams; the second part gets through the Timis-Cerna gorge, a tectonic scallop that separates the Banat Mountains from the Southern Carpathians Range (Carpati Meridionali). Here it receives several tributaries from the mountain ranges Tarcu- Godeanu and Semenic – the first ones more developed and presenting a consisting flow. Finally, the last part – after it receives its most important tributary – Bistra (F=919km2, L=60 km) spreads over the Timis dejection cone and Banat’s flooding plain. Figure 1. Timis River basin Within the Timis River basin there are several important reservoirs – Trei Ape Reservoir (S=52.6 ha, 4.4 mil m3 at NNR – Normal Level of Retention), Rusca Reservoir (S=120.05 ha, volume 18.6 mil m3 at NNR).These produces important modifications of the flowing regime, which we have to consider when speaking about the minimum flow. The upper part of the Timis River is the area controlled by the Lugoj gauging station, due to the fact that the flow practically forms in this area (morphometrical elements are presented in Table 1). In the same time, downstream of this station there is Figure 2. Timis-Bega double connection the Timis-Bega supply canal (Figure 2) where during dry periods waters are diverted to supply the low flows on the Bega river. 2 ANNUAL MINIMUM AVERAGE MONTHLY FLOWS ANALYSES Analyzing the minimum average monthly flows registered in 2007, we have to notice that during the summer months in our country quite long periods with high temperatures and lack of rainfalls were registered. This was reflected into the minimum flow values registered in several areas. In tab.1 there are comparative presented the values at different ensurances of this parameter and those registered in 2007. Concerning our situation, within the analyzed river basin we assisted to minimum flow values higher than 80% ensurance values – the limit for hydrologic drought. If we analyze Figure3 it is obvious the relationship between the specific flow values calculated for the 2 pairs of values show 2 different distinctive relations. Thus it is necessary to notice tha fact that for water courses that have their springs in the eastern part of the river basin in the Tarcu-Godeanu mountain range, the minimum flow values are higher. The same tendency is preserved when we monitor the 2007 value evolution – the repartition is the same on 2 relations – the values being higher for the river basin with higher altitudes – especially mountain areas. This happens due to the fact that in the analyzed area the 2007 rainfalls were higher than the multiannual average values (Figure4), except for the river basin lower part, reflected in the registered values at the Obreja and Lugoj gauging stations. Table 1 Morphometrical and typical flows elements for the upper part of the Timis river basin Annual minimum Minimum Multiannual monthly average Monthly Gauging F Hm Nr River 2 Average flows Average station km m flow ensurance of flow 80% 2007 1 Timis Teregova 167 901 2,28 0,295 0,591 2 Timis Sadova 560 936 10,9 1,48 3,44 3 Timis Caransebes 1072 765 17,5 2,25 6,70 4 Timis Lugoj 2827 666 38,4 7,00 13,4 5 Raul Rusca 163 1184 4,64 0,810 1,21 Rece 6 Fenes Fenes 125 973 2,82 0,495 1,17 7 Golet Golet 41 751 0,686 0,105 0,333 8 Sebes Turnu Ruieni 124 815 2.94 0,790 1,05 9 Bistra Bucova 64,0 1236 1.65 0,345 1,86 10 Bistra Voislova 232 892 3,71 0,545 1,38 Bucova 11 Bistra Obreja 863 880 17,1 4,34 5,64 12 Rusca Voislova 166 1184 2,70 0,540 1,00 13 Bistra Poiana Marului 79 1442 2,71 0,570 1,08 Marului 14 Sucu Poana Marului 77 1430 3,00 0,590 1,27 15 Nadrag Nadrag 35 742 0,374 0,140 0,417 a b a where lower. 250 m, the 2007 registered values were 4% (Lugoj) -14% can be noticed these values (Obreja were more reduced in the gauging lower part –station) at altitudes under exceeded with 7%-16% the normal values on the greatest part of the –river basin. It the time period between June and September, when Approximately the the same module tendency was coefficients preserved during have the warm period of the year Marului gaugingstation). gauging station) and slowly exceeded in the coefficients mountain area (up registered to values 1.15 of at Poiana up lower to 0.85 within in the the river basin no main higher lower than part 1.37 tributary (Obreja have been registered river (at to Teregova the main gauging basin water course station) –and –were Timis river – valuesvalues; thus it that Bistra; can presented be a noticed module that coefficient across the river here basin’s greatest part that belongs the Approximately the same can be told when analyzingthe seasonal repartition of these rainfall module Figure 3.Relationbetween themultiannualminimummonthlyaverage minimumflow 1000.0 1200.0 P mm 200.0 400.0 600.0 800.0 0.0 Teregova Figure 3Comparativeanalysesofrainfallmultiannualaveragevalues 1000 1200 1400 1600 200 400 600 800 Rusca Hm 0 Valori Valori medii multianuale 0 Fenes with 80%ensurance( 2 Sadova 4 Bucova 6 Voislova Precipitatii 2007 8 P. Marului 10 Obreja 12 __-- Lugoj 14 ) andtheonein2007 ( 16 P mmP 150 200 250 300 100 50 0 18 Teregova 20 Precipitatii multianulesezoniere 22 Rusca 24 Fenes 26 Sadova __-- 28 Bucova ) Precipitatii 2007 sezoniere 30 Voislova q q 80% P. Marului Obreja Lugoj The 2007 monthly minimum flow values repartition analyses shows that in the river basin upper part it was much higher comparative to the flow values with the ensurance of 80% and decreased towards the river basin lower part. Thus within the upper part the module coefficient registered values between 5,39 (at Bucova gauging station) and 3,17 (at Golet gauging station), values that decrease till 1,91 at Lugoj gauging station. 3 DAILY MINIMUM AVERAGE FLOWS ANALYSES In order to achieve this item, annual minimum daily flows were processed, which allowed us to establish the values on different ensurances for this element of the minimum flow. Values are presented in Table 2. Table 2 Morphological elements and characteristic flows for theTimis river basin upper part Annual minimum Minimum Multiannual average daily flow daily Nr Gauging F Hm River. 2 average With ensurances average . station km m flow flow 80% 2007 1 Timis Teregova 167 901 2,28 0,298 0,378 2 Timis Sadova 560 936 10,9 1,49 2,20 3 Timis Caransebes 1072 765 17,5 2,20 2,29 4 Timis Lugoj 2827 666 38,4 4,70 7,58 5 Raul Rusca 163 1184 4,64 0,785 0,880 Rece 6 Fenes Fenes 125 973 2,82 0,491 0,668 7 Golet Golet 41 751 0,686 0,102 0,240 8 Sebes Turnu 124 815 2.94 0,505 0,650 Ruieni 9 Bistra Bucova 64,0 1236 1.65 0,344 0,550 10 Bistra Voislova 232 892 3,71 0,510 1,38 Bucova 11 Bistra Obreja 863 880 17,1 2,28 3,30 12 Rusca Voislova 166 1184 2,70 0,495 1,00 13 Bistra Poiana 79 1442 2,71 0,605 1,10 Marului Marului 14 Sucu Poana 77 1430 3,00 0,593 1,20 Marului 15 Nadrag Nadrag 35 742 0,374 0,092 0,192 We consider this not to be relevant concerning the rainfalls role upon the minimum flow in this river basin area, mainly due to the fact that the upper part has received even during this time spell a relative permanent supply of the flow, but also due water volumes distribution from the above mentioned reservoirs.
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