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Studies and Research on the Soils Coating from Zavoi Commune, Caras - Severin County

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Studies and Research on the Soils Coating from Zavoi Commune, Caras - Severin County Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2014 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 STUDIES AND RESEARCH ON THE SOILS COATING FROM ZAVOI COMMUNE, CARAS - SEVERIN COUNTY Casiana MIHUȚ, Anișoara DUMA-COPCEA, R. MUNEAN University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat Timişoara. Faculty of Agriculture, 119 Calea Aradului, Timisoara, Zip code 300645, Romania, E-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The soil is considered as a great wealth of mankind and its protection and rational use of stringency is for each of us. The soil is involved in society, established in the area of human settlement and infrastructure for all human activities contributing to the achievement of all requirements of society and the continuity of life on Earth. Investigation was carried out jointly Zăvoi, Caraș-Severin and soils studied were: Aluviosoil, Distrycambosoils, Eutricambosoils, Luvosoils and on limestone, intrazonal, meet Rendzina and Gleyosoil in lower areas. The most common pedogenesis processes that influence soil development in the territory are: bioaccumulation is argilization, argiloiluviation, migration and accumulation of carbonates, processes and stagnogleyzation gleyzation, the contractilo-inflating etc. Key words: porosity of aeration, soil, studies, total porosity INTRODUCTION First of Romania" from Timisoara and prepared for analysis, determining the next The Zăvoi commune is located in the Bistrica indicators: the composition size, bulk density, corridor and belongs to the Caraș-Severin specific gravity, determination of soil County which is located in the south-west reaction, hydrolytic acidity, total exchange extremity of the country. County is bordered acidity, the determination of humus, total to the Northwest and North with Timiș nitrogen, alkaline earth carbonates, County, North-East with Hunedoara County, phosphorus and moving potassium. to the east with Gorj County, South-East with The following determinations were done: total Mehedinti County, in the South with the porosity, the porosity of aeration, field Danube River and in the South-west with capacity, the capacity of useful water; fading Serbia. coefficient, supply of mold (t/ha) of Nitrogen The Zăvoi Commune consists of six localities: index (IN) and the degree of compaction. Zăvoi, commune residence, Măgura, Măru, Poiana Mărului, Bistra and Voislova. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS In terms of geomorphological the Zăvoi Commune is located in the depression The Zăvoi Commune is bordered to the north corridor of the Bistra, bounded to the East and by Rusca Montana Commune, to the East by Southeast by the Ţarcu Mountains, in the the Marga and Bautar Communes, then with north by the Poiana Rusca Mountains, in the Gorj and Hunedoara counties to the South- west by the Sacos-Zăgujeni hills and East, in the South-West with Teregova communicate with Timis depression. commune, in the West by the Bolvaşniţa, Turnu Ruieni, Obreja commune and Oţelu- MATERIALS AND METHODS Roșu city (Fig. 1.). Maru Village is situated along the Bistra Following the movements made in the field, River, DJ 683 to Poiana Mărului at a distance soil samples were taken which were brought of about 7 km from the commune residence. to the laboratory's research in the discipline of The main watercourse crossing from East to Soil Science USAMVB, “King Michael The West Zăvoi commune is the Bistra River, the 187 Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2014 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 main tributary of the river Timiș. The Bistra reaction is slightly acid between 0-124 cm, Valley appearance today is due to river moderately acidic between 124-170 cm erosion and successive catches, which humus content in Ap is weak; reserves of occurred early in the Quaternary. The Bistra humus in the top 50 cm is small, the index River consists of two major water courses, shows a low nitrogen supply nitrogen Ap, Ap which have their origin in the Tarcu Mountain mobile P content is very low, the contents of massif: the Bistra Ardealului and the Bistra the cell K Ap is weak, the degree of soil base Marului. The area has a rocky foundation, saturation shows an eutric soil between 0-124 generally built of crystalline limestone, mica cm, a mesobasic soil between 124-170 cm. and volcanic sedimentary formations. Variation of the essential characteristics of morphological and chemical characteristics of the soil in the unit main unit soils associated with soil and keeping the soil condition (erosion, landslides, etc.): small variations. Drainage (internal, external, global) and permeability: very high. The water regime of the soil flooded every 2- 5 years by spills. Table 1. Strongly gleyed alluvial soil properties Horizon Ap Ao A/Cg2 CGo3 IICG03 IIICG04 IVCGr5 124- Depth (cm) 0-16 16-28 28-40 40-65 65-89 89-124 170 Coarse sand 2-0. 2 3.4 2.6 7.7 5.4 6.3 20.5 19,0 mm Fine sand 0.2-0.02 55.7 56.3 63.2 60.6 55.1 49.5 41.6 mm Dust from 0.02- 13.4 12.5 9.8 11.8 10.9 9.3 8.1 0.00 mm Dust 0.001 - 0.002 9.1 11.0 6.8 8.5 10.0 6.8 11.3 mm Clay < 0.002 mm 18.4 17.6 12.5 13.7 17.7 13.9 18.3 Fine clay < 0.01 27.5 28.6 19.30 22.2 27.7 20.7 31.3 mm Fig. 1. Map of Caras -Severin Texture LN LN LN LN LN LN LN 3 (http://www.pescarul.com/judete/timis Density (g/cm ) 2.65 2.60 2.62 Aparent Density 1.17 1.32 (g/cm^) Total porosity (%) 55.9 49.7 Climatology is characterized by average Aeration porosity 35.0 26.3 annual temperatures ranging from 11-12oC, (%) Coef. of the higr. 3.24 2.86 3.38 annual average rainfall is around 600-750 (%) Field capacity (%) 17.88 17.77 mm. Cover. useful 11.72 12.92 On the strength of natural setting of the relief, water (%) Conduct.hydraulics 60.0 85.0 climate and vegetation, the soils from Bistra (mm/hour) Coef. of wilting 6.16 4.85 Valley has a zonal distribution with (%) Floor of moisture characteristic types of steppe, steppe, forest 12.02 11.31 (%) and grassland regions. pH in H2O 6.35 6.20 6.45 6.60 6.40 6.40 5.40 Humus (%) 1.73 1.11 0.62 0.43 In the Bistra valleys there are Aluviosoils and Total N (%) 1.63 1.04 0.59 0.41 high in the mountains meet Ţarcu P(ppm) inAl 6.3 5.7 7.5 8.6 12.3 24.2 29.4 K(ppm) in Al 50 52 38 36 34 36 36 Dystricambosoils and Eutricambosoils, SB me/100g soil 15.60 15.40 16.00 16.50 15.20 12.60 11.40 slightly below meet Luvisols and on SH me/100g soil 2.90 3.12 2.83 2.45 2.64 2.59 5.09 Tme/100g soil 18.50 18.52 18.83 18.45 17.84 15.19 16.49 limestone, Intrazonal, meet Rendzina and V (%) 84.32 83.15 84.97 86.72 85.20 82.95 69.13 Book of humus (0- 62 t/ha Gleyosols in lower areas. 50 cm) 1.Aluviosoil strongly gleyed. Aluvuisoils properties are shown in Table 1. 2. Stagnic Luvosoil. Luvosoil properties are Strongly gleyed aluviosol properties are: soil shown in Table 2. texture is medium throughout the profile, soil Stagnic luvosol properties are: soil reaction is 188 Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2014 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 moderately between 0-34 cm, slightly acidic 3.Eutricambosoils moderately gleyed. between 34-147 cm, neutral between 147-180 Eutricambosoils properties are shown in Table cm humus content in AP is weak; reserve 3. humus (0-50 cm) is small, the index shows a low nitrogen supply nitrogen Press; mobile P Table 3. Physical and chemical properties of eutricambosoil content in Ap is medium, cell K content is Horizon Ap Ao Bv B/C CGo3 IICGo4 IIICGr5 medium, the degree of soil base saturation Depth (cm) 0-14 14-33 33-58 58-82 82-105 105-127 127-150 Coarse sand 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.6 1.2 0.5 0.6 shows a mesobasic soil between 0-50 cm, an (2-0.2 mm ) Fine sand (0.2 30.6 32.8 28.5 40.0 41.7 45.6 46.3 eubasic soil between 50-180 cm, soil texture - 0.02 mm ) is medium between 0-34 cm, medium-fine Dust from 14.1 12.8 15.1 14.7 16.5 16.2 16.0 0.02-0.002 mm between 34-71 cm, fine between 71-180 cm Dust 0.001 - 19.1 20.5 21.8 17.3 16.8 14.5 14.7 0.002 mm high bulk density is between 21 -71 cm, Clay < 0.002 34.8 32.7 34.1 27.4 23.8 23.2 22.4 midway between 71-90 cm, the degree of mm Fine clay < 53.9 53.2 55.9 44.7 40.6 37.7 37.1 compaction is high between 21-71 cm, 71-90 0.01 mm Texture LA LA LA LL LL LL LL cm emphasized between, total porosity is Density 14.7 1.25 1.35 small between 21-50 cm, between 50-90 cm (g/cm3) Total porosity 42.2 49.8 46.5 very small.
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