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Southern Carpathians, Romania) Alexandru Iftime, Oana Iftime

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Southern Carpathians, Romania) Alexandru Iftime, Oana Iftime Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle © 31 août «Grigore Antipa» Vol. LVI (1) pp. 81–92 2013 DOI: 10.2478/travmu-2013-0006 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF THE HERPETOFAUNA OF ŢARCU MASSIF (SOUTHERN CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA) ALEXANDRU IFTIME, OANA IFTIME Abstract. The results of herpetological investigations in the Ţarcu massif (Southern Carpathians, Romania) and its surrounding areas are reported here. 21 amphibian and reptile forms were identified (Salamandra salamandra, Triturus cristatus, Ichthyosaura alpestris, Lissotriton vulgaris, Bombina variegata, Bufo bufo, B. viridis, Hyla arborea, Rana temporaria, R. dalmatina, Pelophylax ridibundus, P. kl. esculentus, Lacerta agilis, L. viridis, Zootoca vivipara, Podarcis muralis, Anguis colchica, Zamenis longissimus, Natrix natrix, N. tessellata, Vipera ammodytes) and are presented together with distribution and ecological data. Résumé. On présente les résultats des études herpétologiques dans le massif de Ţarcu (Carpathes méridionaux, Roumanie). Les 21 espèces, identifiées sur le terrain (Salamandra salamandra, Triturus cristatus, Ichthyosaura alpestris, Lissotriton vulgaris, Bombina variegata, Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea, Rana temporaria, R. dalmatina, Pelophylax ridibundus, Pelophylax kl. esculentus, Lacerta agilis, Lacerta viridis, Zootoca vivipara, Podarcis muralis, Anguis colchica, Zamenis longissimus, Natrix natrix, Natrix tessellata, Vipera ammodytes), sont présentées avec les données concernant leur distribution et leur biotope. Key words: Amphibia, Reptilia; ecology, altitude, habitat, thermophilic, montane, Ţarcu mountains, Romania. INTRODUCTION The Ţarcu Mountains form the western part of the larger Retezat-Godeanu- Ţarcu massif, which is itself the westernmost part of the Southern Carpathians of Romania. They reach their highest points in the Vârfu Pietrii (2192 m a.s.l.) and Ţarcu (2190 m a.s.l.) peaks, thus being lower than the neighboring Retezat Mountains (Ghinea, 2002). They are delimited from the Retezat and Godeanu mountains by the intramontane valleys of the rivers Râu Mare, Râu Şes and Râu Rece, and from the Banat Carpathians by the wider valleys of the rivers Bistra and Timiş (Fig. 1). Several rivers indent the massif with intramontane valleys, of which the most important are the rivers Bistra Mărului (dammed to form the Poiana Mărului reservoir) and Sebeş. The present-day vegetation (after Mâciu et al., 1982, and satellite imagery data) is dominated by sessile oak (Quercus dalechampii), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest on the lower mountain reaches, grading in altitude to pure beech forest, then to mixed beech, fir Abies( alba) and spruce (Picea abies) forests, then to pure spruce stands, above which there appear alpine grasslands with myrtle cushions and local areas of alpine fens. Alder (Alnus incana) and poplar thickets are present along the river valleys. The human impact consists of logging and some touristic development, especially in the Muntele Mic area. In contrast with the close Retezat Mountains, which were intensely studied from a herpetological point of view (Ghira, 1989; Stugren & Ghira, 1993; Cogălniceanu et al., 2001; Cogălniceanu et al., 2006), or the likewise well studied Poiana Ruscăi, Semenic and Southern Banat Carpathians and hills (Iftime, 2001, 2003, 2005; Covaciu-Marcov et al., 2005; Bogdan et al., 2011), the Ţarcu Mountains 82 ALEXANDRU IFTIME, OANA IFTIME Fig. 1 - Altitudinal map of the Ţarcu Mountains (southern Carpathians, Romania); studied transects and stations in red. have few published herpetological records. “Older” amphibian records are summed up by Cogălniceanu et al. (2000) and pertain to four species: Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758), Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768, Rana dalmatina Bonaparte, 1840 and Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758. Fuhn & Vancea (1961) give a few records of reptile species at the edges of the Ţarcu massif: Natrix natrix in Clopotiva and Vipera ammodytes in Caransebeş, Bistra valley and Sarmizegetusa. Bogdan et al. (2011) have data only from localities situated on the Bistra valley that forms the limit between the Poiana Ruscăi and the Ţarcu massif but they are from north of Bistra (from the Poiana Ruscăi slopes, not the Ţarcu massif). The most recent and comprehensive account is that of Bogdan (2012), including Salamandra salamandra, Triturus cristatus, Ichthyosaura alpestris, Lissotriton vulgaris, Bombina variegata, Bufo bufo, Hyla arborea, Rana temporaria, R. dalmatina, Pelophylax ridibundus, Lacerta agilis, L. viridis, Zootoca vivipara, Podarcis muralis, Anguis colchica, Zamenis longissimus, Natrix natrix, N. tessellata. Our study adds to the knowledge on the distribution and ecology of the herpetofauna of this mountain range. MATERIALS AND METHODS Field observations were performed in the region in August 2009, April and June 2012; searches were conducted using the active transect method (active search of specimens along a 4 m wide randomly chosen transect; see Cogălniceanu, 1997). Abundance classes were established by us as follows: 0 (not found); 1 (<1 ex/ 500 m stretch of transect); 2 (1-10 ex/ same length); 3 (10-30 ex/ same length); 4: > 30/ same HERPETOFAUNA OF ŢARCU MASSIF (SOUTHERN CARPATHIANS, ROMANIA) 83 length).Transects varied in length, due to limitations pertaining to the accessibility of terrain, human habitations etc., from ca. 200 m (shorter transects defined here by a single GPS point) to up to 20 kms (longer transects defined by lowest and highest point). Abundance classes were obtained by dividing the number of specimens recorded to the number of searched 500 m units. A transect shorter than 500 m was considered to be included in the 500 m unit. Transect coordinates were taken with a Garmin portable GPS device. The transects are listed with coordinates and local names in table 1 and plotted on a map in fig. 1. Photos of unconstrained animals were taken whenever possible. Table 1 Summary table on the local names and coordinates of the transects. Transect number Local name Coordinates and altitude 1 Râul Mare valley from N 45°44.323ʼ, E 22°48.570ʼ, 580 m a.s.l., to N 45°31.709ʼ, E 22°67.234ʼ, 1160 m a.s.l. 2 Râuşor valley from N 45°29.138ʼ, E 22°46.937ʼ, 704 m a.s.l., to N 45°26.978ʼ, E 22°44.092ʼ, 1375 m a.s.l. Sarmizegetusa 3 village at N 45°51.267ʼ, E 22°78.124ʼ, 520 m a.s.l. 4 Poarta de Fier at N 45°30.359ʼ, E 22°42.548ʼ, 512 m a.s.l. 5 Bucova valley from N 45°27.882ʼ, E 22°40.451ʼ, 830 m a.s.l., to N 45°25.581ʼ, E 22°39.603ʼ, 1083 m a.s.l. 6 Marga valley from N 45°31.466ʼ, E 22°30.416ʼ, 397 m a.sl., to N 45°28.583ʼ, E 22°33.319ʼ, 628 m a.s.l. Bistra Mărului – 7 Peceneaga valley from N 45°27.668ʼ, E 22°26.761ʼ, 447 m a.s.l., to N 45°22.677ʼ, E 22°34.955ʼ, 847 m a.s.l. 8. Şucul valley from N 45°23.486ʼ, E 22°32.496ʼ, 685 m a.s.l., to N 45°20.450ʼ, E 22°29.448ʼ, 1130 m a.s.l. 9 Bistra valley from N 45°29.266ʼ, E 22°17.895ʼ, 231 m a.s.l., to N 45°31.721ʼ, E 22°26.091ʼ, 328 m a.s.l. Sebeş valley – 10 Muntele Mic from N 45°21.513ʼ, E 22°22.021ʼ, 435 m a.s.l., to N 45°21.450ʼ, E 22°29.020ʼ, 1478 m a.s.l. Bolvaşniţa – 11 Valea Mare valley from N 45°20.712ʼ, E 22°19.195ʼ, 324 m a.s.l., to N 45°18.941ʼ, E 22°21.581ʼ, 435 m a.s.l. 12 Slatina Timiş at N 45°16.784ʼ, E 22°17.571ʼ, 298 m a.s.l. 13 Ilova at N 45°16.501ʼ, E 22°20.924ʼ, 483 m a.s.l. 14 Sat Bătrân at N 45°14.366ʼ, E 22°21.513ʼ, 449 m a.s.l. 15 Armeniş from N 45°12.826ʼ, E 22°19.033ʼ, 349 m a.s.l., to N 45°13.109ʼ, E 22°19.728ʼ, 369 m a.s.l. 16 Feneş valley from N 45°11.468ʼ, E 22°21.368ʼ, 411 m a.s.l., to N 45°14.063ʼ, E 22°24.583ʼ, 533 m a.s.l. 17 Pârâul Alb valley from N 45°11.724ʼ, E 22°22.766ʼ, 481 m a.s.l., to N 45°11.805ʼ, E 22°22.931ʼ, 495 m a.s.l. 18 Teregova at N 45°10.241ʼ, E 22°18.263ʼ, 371 m a.s.l. 19 Pârâu Rece valley from N 45°08.163ʼ, E 22°22.019ʼ, 469 m a.s.l., to N 45°09.692ʼ, E 22°26.696ʼ, 626 m a.s.l. 20 Bela Reca valley from N 45°00.730ʼ, E 22°22.263ʼ, 338 m a.s.l., to N 45°05.369ʼ, E 22°25.004ʼ, 630 m a.s.l. 21 Caransebeş at N 45°26.467ʼ, E 22°13.538ʼ, 203 m a.s.l. 84 ALEXANDRU IFTIME, OANA IFTIME RESULTS We have recorded 12 amphibian and 9 reptile species (Salamandra salamandra, Triturus cristatus, Ichthyosaura alpestris, Lissotriton vulgaris, Bombina variegata, Bufo bufo, B. viridis, Hyla arborea, Rana temporaria, R. dalmatina, Pelophylax ridibundus, P. kl. esculentus, Lacerta agilis, L. viridis, Zootoca vivipara, Podarcis muralis, Anguis colchica1, Zamenis longissimus, Natrix natrix, N. tessellata, Vipera ammodytes). The distribution of species in different transects and the associated habitats are given below: Transect 1. Beech forests, beech-coniferous forests and coniferous forests: Salamandra salamandra – along all transect; L. vulgaris (specimens clearly showing traits of ssp. ampelensis) in the lower part (ca. 600 m a.s.l.), rare; I. alpestris – above 700 m a.s.l.; B. variegata, B. bufo – all along transect; B. viridis – one dead specimen at ca.
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