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DIGITHÈQUE Université Libre De Bruxelles UNIVERSITÉ LIBRE DE BRUXELLES DIGITHÈQUE Université libre de Bruxelles ___________________________ DELWIT Pascal, Les partis socialistes et l'intégration européenne. France, Allemagne, Belgique, Bruxelles : Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 1995. _____________________________________ Cette œuvre littéraire est soumise à la législation belge en matière de droit d’auteur. Elle a été publiée par les Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles http://www.editions-universite-bruxelles.be/ Les règles d’utilisation de la présente copie numérique de cette œuvre sont visibles sur la dernière page de ce document. L'ensemble des documents numérisés mis à disposition par les Archives & Bibliothèques de l'ULB sont accessibles à partir du site http://digitheque.ulb.ac.be/ Accessible à : http://digistore.bib.ulb.ac.be/2015/i9782800411149_000_f.pdf Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles LES PARTIS SOCIALISTES ET L'INTEGRATION EUROPEENNE France, Grande-Bretagne, Belgique Pascal Delwit ETUDES EUROPEENNES STp * if Collection dirigée par l'Institut d'Etudes européennes Collection «Etudes européennes» Miren A. Letemendia. Retrait et L'éthique des marchés financiers. abrogation des actes administratifs Financial Markets Ethics. Publié sous la individuels en droit communautaire et direction de Jean-Victor Louis et de en droit anglais. Préface de Bernard Diego Devos. 1991, VIII + 224 pages. Rudden. 1987, 272 pages. L'espace audiovisuel européen. Publié Jean De Ruyt. L'Acte unique européen. sous la direction de Georges Commentaire. 2e édition, 1989, XVI + Vandersanden, 1991, 224 pages. 392 pages. Vers une nouvelle Europe ? Towards a La Commission au cœur du système New Europe ? Publié sous la direction institutionnel des Communautés de Mario Telò, 1992, XIV + 561 pages. européennes. Publié sous la direction de Jean-Victor Louis et de Denis L'Union européenne et les défis de Waelbroeck. 1989, 112 pages. l'élargissement. Publié sous la direction de Mario Telò. Préface de William Le Parlement européen dans l'évolution Wallace. 1994, XII + 368 pages. institutionnelle. Publié sous la direction de Jean-Victor Louis et de Denis La réforme du système juridictionnel Waelbroeck. 2e tirage, 1989, communautaire. Publié sous la direction 408 pages. de Georges Vandersanden. 1994, 104 pages. Vers un Système européen de banques centrales. Projet de dispositions Quelle Union sociale européenne ? organiques. Rapport du groupe présidé Acquis institutionnels, acteurs et défis. par Jean-Victor Louis. 2e tirage, 1990, Publié sous la direction de Mario Telò et 316 pages. de Corinne Gobin. Préface d'Emilio Gabaglio, 1994, 320 pages. Mârio Marques Mendes. Antitrust in a World of Interrelated Economies. The Laurence Burgorgue-Larsen, L'Espagne Interplay between Antitrust and Trade et la Communauté européenne. Policies in the US and the EEC. 1991, L'Etat des autonomies et le processus XII + 286 pages. d'intégration européenne. Avant-propos de Luis Aguiar de Luque. Préface de Un défi pour la Communauté Marie-Françoise Labouz. 1995, XVIII -t- européenne : les bouleversements à 472 pages. l'Est et au centre du continent. A Challenge for the European Banking Supervision in the European Community : the Upheavals in Central Community. Institutional Aspects. and Eastern Europe. 1991, XII Report of a Working Group of the ECU + 298 pages. Institute under the Chairmanship of Jean-Victor Louis, 1995, 304 pages. LES PARTIS SOCIALISTES ET L'INTEGRATION EUROPEENNE Commentaire Mégret. Le droit de la CE Deuxième édition_____________________________________________ ____________ ___ Volume 1 : Préambule. Principes. Libre circulation des marchandises, 1992, VIII + 512 pages. Volume 2 : Politique agricole commune, 1991, 396 pages. Volume 3 : Libre circulation des personnes, des services et des capitaux. Transports, 1990, 408 pages. Volume 4 : Concurrence (en préparation). Volume 5 : Dispositions fiscales. Rapprochement des législations, 1993, VIII + 428 pages. Volume 6 : Union économique et monétaire. Cohésion économique et sociale. Politique industrielle et technologique (sous presse). Volume 7 : Politique sociale. Education et jeunesse (en préparation). Volume 8 A : Environnement. Protection des consommateurs. Culture. Santé. Volume 8 B : Réseaux transeuropéens. Politique énergétique. Recherche et développement technologiques (en préparation). Volume 10 : La Cour de justice. Les actes des institutions, 1993, VIII + 666 pages. Volume 12 : Relations extérieures (en préparation). Première édition____________________________________________________________ Volume 8 : La Banque européenne d'investissement, 1979, 138 pages. Volume 9 : L'Assemblée. Le Conseil. La Commission. Le Comité économique et social, 1979, 480 pages. Volume 11 : Dispositions financières, 1982, 402 pages. Volume 13 : La convention de Lomé, 1990, 942 pages. Volume 14 : L'aide au développement, 1986, 561 pages. Volume 15 : Dispositions générales et finales, 1987, 780 pages. Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles LES PARTIS SOCIALISTES ET L'INTEGRATION EUROPEENNE France, Grande-Bretagne, Belgique Pascal Delwit ETUDES EUROPEENNES Collection dirigée par l'Institut d'Etudes européennes 1995 Publié avec le concours du ministère de l'Education, de la Recherche et de la Formation de la Communauté française de Belgique ISBN 2-8004-1114-7 D/1995/0171/11 © 1995 by Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles Avenue Paul Héger, 26 -1050 Bruxelles (Belgique) Imprimé en Belgique Avant-propos Ce livre est une synthèse actualisée de ma thèse de doctorat défendue à l'Univer­ sité libre de Bruxelles (u l b ) en 1994 sous la direction de Mario Telô, directeur des recherches politiques à l'Institut d'Etudes européennes de I'u l b . Je le remercie vive­ ment pour son soutien et son intérêt permanents. Qu’il me soit permis de remercier les nombreuses personnes qui m'ont permis d'avancer tout au long de mes années de thèse. En particulier Matéo Alaluf, José Go- tovitch, Serge Jaumain, Bérengère Marques-Pereira, Jacques Nagels et Eric Remacle. Comment ne pas rappeler, ici, tout l'apport de Marcel Liebman, génial, provo­ quant et si souvent regretté ? Je remercie également Michèle Mat pour ses conseils avertis dans la relecture de l'ouvrage. Le soutien et l'aide de Marie-Jo Sánchez m’ont été très précieux. Enfin, il n'y a pas de mots pour qualifier l'apport de Jean-Michel De Waele. Ses critiques, nos débats et son amitié ont considérablement enrichi ce travail. Je leur dédie cet ouvrage. A eux et à Maya, bien sûr. P. D elw it Introduction L’intégration européenne a été un événement essentiel de l’histoire politique de l’après-guerre face auquel les pays européens occidentaux et, en leur sein, les acteurs politiques et sociaux ont dû se positionner. Entreprises inédites, l’unification et l’inté­ gration démocratiques européennes dans les Communautés européennes ont explici­ tement posé des questions déterminantes dans les approches économique, politique ou culturelle des pays membres et non membres. — Quels ont été et quels sont les rôles et les perspectives des Etats-nations dans le cadre de l’intégration en cours ? Devons-nous considérer le dépassement de la nation par la construction européenne et/ou appréhender des complémentarités possibles avec la Communauté européenne ? — Etait-il et est-il institutionnellement imaginable de concevoir ces complémen­ tarités et/ou ce dépassement ? — Assistons-nous à la première forme de transfert de souveraineté nationale volon­ taire dans le chef des élites et des opinions des-pays membres de la Communauté européenne ? Autant d’interrogations fondamentales qui en engendrent une multitude d’autres. Si la littérature scientifique dans les domaines institutionnel, juridique ou encore éco­ nomique de l’évolution des institutions des Communautés européennes est abondante, force est de constater que les « Europe que dessinent les partis politiques » 1 ne sont que très peu étudiées et le plus souvent de façon superficielle. Cet ouvrage se veut donc une contribution à l’étude des acteurs politiques face à la Communauté euro­ péenne et à leurs jeux d’influences réciproques. L’étude des partis socialistes et sociaux-démocrates 2 dans leurs rapports et leur prise en compte de la construction européenne a débouché sur l’examen de problèmes essentiels de l’évolution du socialisme en Europe occidentale, l’identité des principes sociaux-démocrates dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, la nature et l’horizon des partis socialistes. Cette recherche nous a conduit à mettre en évidence leurs concep­ tions théoriques, leurs ambitions, leurs objectifs, leurs espoirs, leurs contradictions et leur pratique politique contemporaine. Tant il est vrai que la construction européenne 10 INTRODUCTION leur est apparue comme une problématique essentielle sinon existentielle, entraînant un champ de questions et d’investigations très vaste. — L’idée et le projet sociaux-démocrates étaient-ils et sont-ils compatibles avec le principe même de la construction européenne ou/et avec la philosophie qui a pré­ valu jusqu’ici dans l’édification de la Communauté européenne ? Est-il vrai, comme l’avançait Alfred Grosser en 1961, que « l’internationalisme prédispose les socialistes à se faire les champions de l’idée européenne » 3 ? — Pouvait-on et peut-on imaginer une transposition de l’Etat-providence ou du Welfare State national — qui a identifié l’apport le plus marquant des partis so­ ciaux-démocrates aux régimes politiques occidentaux — vers un Etat-providence supranational ? L’intégration européenne était-elle et est-elle compatible avec la construction
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