Politiek Correct Links: Tussen Ideaal Ware Realiteit En Empirische Realiteit

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Politiek Correct Links: Tussen Ideaal Ware Realiteit En Empirische Realiteit Politiek correct links: tussen ideaal ware realiteit en empirische realiteit Een verkennende analyse van politieke correctheid bij de linkse partijen in Vlaanderen met betrekking tot diversiteit en migratie Masterproef neergelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de Moraalwetenschappen door Roxanne Thielemans, 01705246 Promotor: Dr. Maarten Boudry Commissarissen: Prof. Dr. Tom Claes Dr. Thomas Vervisch Academiejaar: 2019 – 2020 Word Count 1: 26.900 Word Count 2: 28.817 I Preambule Aangezien deze masterproef voornamelijk bestaat uit literatuurstudie en online onderzoek, hebben de coronamaatregelen geen significante impact gehad op het uitwerken van de masterproef. Deze preambule werd in overleg tussen de student en de promotor opgesteld en door beiden goedgekeurd. II Voorwoord Deze masterproef vormt het sluitstuk van mijn opleiding tot Moraalwetenschapper. De keuze om te schrijven over politieke correctheid was niet evident. Enerzijds was ik enorm gefascineerd door het onderwerp en had ik er persoonlijke ervaring mee. Anderzijds was ik me bewust van de controverse die het thema met zich mee brengt. Uiteindelijk besloot ik dat het net de Moraalwetenschap is, die zich het beste leent tot onderzoek van controversiële onderwerpen. Schrijven over politieke correctheid was een interessante ervaring. Grotendeels bevredigend maar met momenten ook oncomfortabel. In die momenten voelde het aan alsof ik mijn eigen politieke achtergrond verloochende. Ik voelde mezelf politiek incorrect. Regelmatig moest ik mezelf ervan overtuigen dat kritische vragen stellen bij de aanpak van links omtrent multiculturaliteit niet hetzelfde is als vervallen in een racistisch discours. De opleiding tot Moraalwetenschapper en het schrijven van de masterproef hebben mijn capaciteit om kritisch te denken en een eigen mening te ontwikkelen, verscherpt. Ik wens dit voorwoord af te sluiten door iedereen te bedanken die een actieve bijdrage heeft geleverd aan mijn masterproef. Allereerst bedankt aan mijn promotor prof. dr. Maarten Boudry voor de interessante inzichten en constructieve feedback. Graag bedank ik ook Luckas Vander Taelen voor het delen van zijn persoonlijke ervaringen en kritische blik. Tot slot wil ik mijn ouders bedanken: mijn mama voor de onvoorwaardelijke steun en het nalezen op typ- en schrijffouten, en mijn papa die mij van jongs af aan aanspoorde tot zelfstandig denken en die mij zelfs na zijn dood nog steeds inspireert. III Inhoud Introductie ............................................................................................................................................... 1 DEEL I : Een verhelderend theoretisch kader met betrekking tot politieke correctheid ........................ 4 1. Genealogie .................................................................................................................................. 5 Vroege oorsprong ....................................................................................................................... 5 Politieke correctheid in de tweede helft van de 20e eeuw ...................................................... 10 2. Conceptualisering van politieke correctheid ............................................................................ 13 Politieke correctheid volgens Loury ......................................................................................... 13 Een herdefiniëring van politieke correctheid ........................................................................... 16 3. Politieke incorrectheid ............................................................................................................. 24 DEEL II : Immigratie in België ................................................................................................................. 28 1. Immigratiegeschiedenis van België .......................................................................................... 29 2. Troeven van immigratie en diversiteit voor de samenleving ................................................... 32 3. Uitdagingen van multiculturele samenleving ........................................................................... 34 Het identiteitsvraagstuk ........................................................................................................... 34 Diversiteit en deviant gedrag ................................................................................................... 37 Botsen van waarden en tolerantie ........................................................................................... 41 Deel III : Implementatie van politieke correctheid in de politieke realiteit .......................................... 46 1. De linkse partijen ...................................................................................................................... 48 2. De standpunten met betrekking tot immigratie en multiculturaliteit ..................................... 50 PVDA ......................................................................................................................................... 50 Groen ........................................................................................................................................ 52 sp.a ........................................................................................................................................... 52 3. De definitie van politieke correctheid in de politieke praktijk ................................................. 54 Het belang van de onschuldige en kwetsbare groepen ........................................................... 54 Politieke correctheid en het instrument van de taal en de beeldvorming .............................. 58 4. De uitdagingen van de multiculturele samenleving in de politieke praktijk ............................ 60 Het identiteitsvraagstuk ........................................................................................................... 61 Westerse waarden, tolerantie en deviant gedrag .................................................................... 63 5. Het gebrek aan ruimte voor nuance of kritiek in de politieke praktijk .................................... 67 sp.a ........................................................................................................................................... 68 Groen ........................................................................................................................................ 69 PVDA ......................................................................................................................................... 70 Deel IV : Conclusie en discussie ............................................................................................................. 72 1. Conclusie ................................................................................................................................... 73 2. Discussie ................................................................................................................................... 74 IV Politieke correctheid en de verzwakking van links ................................................................... 74 Democratisch centralisme ........................................................................................................ 78 Paradoxale standpunten .......................................................................................................... 79 Paternalistische houding .......................................................................................................... 79 Wij-zij ........................................................................................................................................ 80 Vrije meningsuiting ................................................................................................................... 80 Bibliografie ............................................................................................................................................ 82 V Introductie Politieke correctheid is een gecontesteerd begrip met een onduidelijke inhoud. Er wordt veel over geredetwist en tegelijkertijd verliest het elke significantie voor de werkelijkheid. In links- progressieve kringen wordt de term met hoon onthaald. Volgens hen is politieke correctheid een uitvinding van rechts dat de functie heeft het linkse, solidaire project te schaden. Links is dus van mening dat zoiets als politieke correctheid niet bestaat en ridiculiseert eenieder die de term hanteert. In rechtse kringen wordt de term gebruikt om te verwijzen naar een soort van Orwelliaanse “thought police”. In Orwells boek 1984 is de thought police een politie- eenheid die opzoek gaat naar mensen die “thoughtcrime” plegen. Thoughtcrime houdt het hebben van persoonlijke en politieke ideeën die niet goedgekeurd zijn door de overheid in. Rechts gebruikt de term politieke correctheid dus om te wijzen op een vorm van censuur vanuit links. Als reactie lanceert rechts een tegenbegrip, namelijk “politieke incorrectheid”, wat dan wijst op het verbreken van de censuur door links. Politieke incorrectheid staat dan gelijk aan het vrij verkondigen van de eigen mening. Ik schrijf vanuit de grootste bezorgdheid voor links over het thema politieke correctheid. De dichotomie met betrekking tot de opvatting over politieke correctheid geeft een te simplistisch beeld van de realiteit weer. Uit persoonlijke ervaring weet ik dat er aan de linkerzijde bepaalde zaken taboe zijn om over te spreken. Ik weet ook dat rechts zich schuil houdt
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